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Figueiredo FB, Tomaselli PJ, Hallak J, Mattiello-Sverzut AC, Covaleski APPM, Sobreira CFDR, de Paula Gouvêa S, Marques W. Genetic diversity in hereditary axonal neuropathy: Analyzing 53 Brazilian children. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2024; 29:97-106. [PMID: 38375759 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The genetic epidemiology of inherited neuropathies in children remains largely unknown. In this study, we specifically investigated the genetic profile of a Brazilian cohort of pediatric patients with pure or complex axonal neuropathies, a crucial knowledge in the near future for establishing treatment priorities and perspectives for this group of patients. METHODS Fifty-three pediatric patients who were assessed prior to reaching the age of 20, and who had clinical diagnoses of axonal hereditary neuropathy or presented with axonal neuropathy as the primary clinical feature, were included in the study. The recruitment of these cases took place from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. The diagnosis was based on clinical and electrophysiological data. A molecular assessment was made using target-gene panel or whole-exome sequencing. Subsequently, segregation analysis was performed on available family members, and all candidate variants found were confirmed through Sanger. RESULTS A molecular diagnosis was reached in 68% of the patients (n = 36/53), considering only pathogenic and probably pathogenic variants. Variants in MFN2 (n = 15) and GJB1 (n = 3) accounted for half of the genetically confirmed patients (50%; n = 18/36). The other 18 genetically diagnosed patients had variants in several less common genes. INTERPRETATION Apart from MFN2 and GJB1 genes, universally recognized as a frequent cause of axonal neuropathies in most studied population, our Brazilian cohort of children with axonal neuropathies showed an important genetic heterogeneity, probably reflecting the multi ethnicity of the Brazilian population. Diagnostic, counseling, and future interventions should consider this characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barbosa Figueiredo
- Neuroscience and Behavior Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro José Tomaselli
- Neuroscience and Behavior Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime Hallak
- Neuroscience and Behavior Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Sciences and Technology-INCT-Translational Medicine-CNPq/FAPESP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silmara de Paula Gouvêa
- Neuroscience and Behavior Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Marques
- Neuroscience and Behavior Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Sciences and Technology-INCT-Translational Medicine-CNPq/FAPESP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Dabaj I, Ducatez F, Marret S, Bekri S, Tebani A. Neuromuscular disorders in the omics era. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117691. [PMID: 38081447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders encompass a spectrum of conditions characterized by primary lesions within the peripheral nervous system, which include the anterior horn cell, peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. In pediatrics, most of these disorders are linked to genetic causes. Despite the considerable progress, the diagnosis of these disorders remains a challenging due to wide clinical presentation, disease heterogeneity and rarity. It is noteworthy that certain neuromuscular disorders, once deemed untreatable, can now be effectively managed through novel therapies. Biomarkers emerge as indispensable tools, serving as objective measures that not only refine diagnostic accuracy but also provide guidance for therapeutic decision-making and the ongoing monitoring of long-term outcomes. Herein a comprehensive review of biomarkers in neuromuscular disorders is provided. We highlight the role of omics-based technologies that further characterize neuromuscular pathophysiology as well as identify potential therapeutic targets to guide treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Dabaj
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Nord/Est/Ile de France Neuromuscular Reference Center CHU Rouen, Department of Neonatalogy, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Neuropediatrics, F-76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Franklin Ducatez
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Nord/Est/Ile de France Neuromuscular Reference Center CHU Rouen, Department of Neonatalogy, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Neuropediatrics, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Nord/Est/Ile de France Neuromuscular Reference Center CHU Rouen, Department of Neonatalogy, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Neuropediatrics, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Abdellah Tebani
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, F-76000 Rouen, France
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3
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Shah S, Sarasua SM, Boccuto L, Dean BC, Wang L. Brain Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies 22q13 Region Genes Associated with Autism, Intellectual Disability, Seizures, Language Impairment, and Hypotonia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1998. [PMID: 38002941 PMCID: PMC10671420 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by 22q13 region deletions or SHANK3 gene variants. Deletions vary in size and can affect other genes in addition to SHANK3. PMS is characterized by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), developmental delays, seizures, speech delay, hypotonia, and minor dysmorphic features. It is challenging to determine individual gene contributions due to variability in deletion sizes and clinical features. We implemented a genomic data mining approach for identifying and prioritizing the candidate genes in the 22q13 region for five phenotypes: ASD, ID, seizures, language impairment, and hypotonia. Weighted gene co-expression networks were constructed using the BrainSpan transcriptome dataset of a human brain. Bioinformatic analyses of the co-expression modules allowed us to select specific candidate genes, including EP300, TCF20, RBX1, XPNPEP3, PMM1, SCO2, BRD1, and SHANK3, for the common neurological phenotypes of PMS. The findings help understand the disease mechanisms and may provide novel therapeutic targets for the precise treatment of PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Shah
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (S.S.); (L.B.)
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Sara M. Sarasua
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (S.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (S.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Brian C. Dean
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Liangjiang Wang
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
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Cavalcanti EBU, Leal RDCC, Marques Junior W, Nascimento OJMD. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: from historical landmarks in Brazil to current care perspectives. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2023; 81:913-921. [PMID: 37611635 PMCID: PMC10631856 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, also known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), traditionally refers to a group of genetic disorders in which neuropathy is the main or sole feature. Its prevalence varies according to different populations studied, with an estimate between 1:2,500 to 1:10,000. Since the identification of PMP22 gene duplication on chromosome 17 by Vance et al., in 1989, more than 100 genes have been related to this group of disorders, and we have seen advances in the care of patients, with identification of associated conditions and better supportive treatments, including clinical and surgical interventions. Also, with discoveries in the field of genetics, including RNA interference and gene editing techniques, new treatment perspectives begin to emerge. In the present work, we report the most import landmarks regarding CMT research in Brazil and provide a comprehensive review on topics such as frequency of different genes associated with CMT in our population, prevalence of pain, impact on pregnancy, respiratory features, and development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wilson Marques Junior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Neurologia, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil.
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Ao Q, Wen LL, Yu TH, Ma YZ, Mao XY, Ao TR, Javed R, Ten H, Matsuno A. Sequential expression of miR-221-3p and miR-338-3p in Schwann cells as a therapeutic strategy to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:671-682. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.350214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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6
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Terry LE, Arige V, Neumann J, Wahl AM, Knebel TR, Chaffer JW, Malik S, Liston A, Humblet-Baron S, Bultynck G, Yule DI. Missense mutations in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 result in leaky Ca 2+ channels and activation of store-operated Ca 2+ entry. iScience 2022; 25:105523. [PMID: 36444295 PMCID: PMC9700043 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in all subtypes of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor Ca2+ release channel are associated with human diseases. In this report, we investigated the functionality of three neuropathy-associated missense mutations in IP3R3 (V615M, T1424M, and R2524C). The mutants only exhibited function when highly over-expressed compared to endogenous hIP3R3. All variants resulted in elevated basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels, decreased endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store content, and constitutive store-operated Ca2+ entry in the absence of any stimuli, consistent with a leaky IP3R channel pore. These variants differed in channel function; when stably over-expressed the R2524C mutant was essentially dead, V615M was poorly functional, and T1424M exhibited activity greater than that of the corresponding wild-type following threshold stimulation. These results demonstrate that a common feature of these mutations is decreased IP3R3 function. In addition, these mutations exhibit a novel phenotype manifested as a constitutively open channel, which inappropriately gates SOCE in the absence of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E. Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Vikas Arige
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Julika Neumann
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amanda M. Wahl
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Taylor R. Knebel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - James W. Chaffer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sundeep Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Adrian Liston
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David I. Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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VerPlank JJS, Gawron J, Silvestri NJ, Feltri ML, Wrabetz L, Goldberg AL. Raising cGMP restores proteasome function and myelination in mice with a proteotoxic neuropathy. Brain 2022; 145:168-178. [PMID: 34382059 PMCID: PMC9126006 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Agents that raise cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by activating protein kinase G increase 26S proteasome activities, protein ubiquitination and degradation of misfolded proteins. Therefore, they may be useful in treating neurodegenerative and other diseases caused by an accumulation of misfolded proteins. Mutations in myelin protein zero (MPZ) cause the peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B (CMT1B). In peripheral nerves of a mouse model of CMT1B, where the mutant MPZS63del is expressed, proteasome activities are reduced, mutant MPZS63del and polyubiquitinated proteins accumulate and the unfolded protein response (p-eif2α) is induced. In HEK293 cells, raising cGMP stimulated ubiquitination and degradation of MPZS63del, but not of wild-type MPZ. Treating S63del mice with the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, sildenafil-to raise cGMP-increased proteasome activity in sciatic nerves and reduced the levels of polyubiquitinated proteins, the proteasome reporter ubG76V-GFP and p-elF2α. Furthermore, sildenafil treatment reduced the number of amyelinated axons, and increased myelin thickness and nerve conduction velocity in sciatic nerves. Thus, agents that raise cGMP, including those widely used in medicine, may be useful therapies for CMT1B and other proteotoxic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J S VerPlank
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Neurology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Joseph Gawron
- Department of Biochemistry, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Neurology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Nicholas J Silvestri
- Department of Biochemistry, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Neurology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Department of Biochemistry, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Neurology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Neurology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Alfred L Goldberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Klein D, Groh J, Yuan X, Berve K, Stassart R, Fledrich R, Martini R. Early targeting of endoneurial macrophages alleviates the neuropathy and affects abnormal Schwann cell differentiation in a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A. Glia 2022; 70:1100-1116. [PMID: 35188681 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that targeting endoneurial macrophages with the orally applied CSF-1 receptor specific kinase (c-FMS) inhibitor PLX5622 from the age of 3 months onwards led to a substantial alleviation of the neuropathy in mouse models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) 1X and 1B disease, which are genetically-mediated nerve disorders not treatable in humans. The same approach failed in a model of CMT1A (PMP22-overexpressing mice, line C61), representing the most frequent form of CMT. This was unexpected since previous studies identified macrophages contributing to disease severity in the same CMT1A model. Here we re-approached the possibility of alleviating the neuropathy in a model of CMT1A by targeting macrophages at earlier time points. As a proof-of-principle experiment, we genetically inactivated colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) in CMT1A mice, which resulted in lower endoneurial macrophage numbers and alleviated the neuropathy. Based on these observations, we pharmacologically ablated macrophages in newborn CMT1A mice by feeding their lactating mothers with chow containing PLX5622, followed by treatment of the respective progenies after weaning until the age of 6 months. We found that peripheral neuropathy was substantially alleviated after early postnatal treatment, leading to preserved motor function in CMT1A mice. Moreover, macrophage depletion affected the altered Schwann cell differentiation phenotype. These findings underscore the targetable role of macrophage-mediated inflammation in peripheral nerves of inherited neuropathies, but also emphasize the need for an early treatment start confined to a narrow therapeutic time window in CMT1A models and potentially in respective patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Klein
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janos Groh
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xidi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Berve
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Stassart
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rudolf Martini
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Nagappa M, Sharma S, Govindaraj P, Chickabasaviah Y, Siram R, Shroti A, Seshagiri D, Debnath M, Bindu P, Taly A. Genetic spectrum of inherited neuropathies in India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:407-416. [PMID: 35936615 PMCID: PMC9350795 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_269_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the commonest inherited neuromuscular disorder and has heterogeneous manifestations. Data regarding genetic basis of CMT from India is limited. This study aims to report the variations by using high throughput sequencing in Indian CMT cohort. Methods: Fifty-five probands (M:F 29:26) with suspected inherited neuropathy underwent genetic testing (whole exome: 31, clinical exome: 17 and targeted panel: 7). Their clinical and genetic data were analysed. Results: Age at onset ranged from infancy to 54 years. Clinical features included early-onset neuropathy (n=23), skeletal deformities (n=45), impaired vision (n=8), impaired hearing (n=6), facial palsy (n=8), thickened nerves (n=4), impaired cognition (n=5), seizures (n=5), pyramidal signs (n=7), ataxia (n=8) and vocal cord palsy, slow tongue movements and psychosis in one patient each. Twenty-eight patients had demyelinating electrophysiology. Abnormal visual and auditory evoked potentials were noted in 60.60% and 37.5% respectively. Sixty two variants were identified in 37 genes including variants of uncertain significance (n=34) and novel variants (n=45). Eleven patients had additional variations in genes implicated in CMTs/ other neurological disorders. Ten patients did not have variations in neuropathy associated genes, but had variations in genes implicated in other neurological disorders. In seven patients, no variations were detected. Conclusion: In this single centre cohort study from India, genetic diagnosis could be established in 87% of patients with inherited neuropathy. The identified spectrum of genetic variations adds to the pool of existing data and provides a platform for validation studies in cell culture or animal model systems.
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Mammel AE, Delgado KC, Chin AL, Condon AF, Hill JQ, Aicher SA, Wang Y, Fedorov LM, Robinson FL. Distinct roles for the Charcot-Marie-tooth disease-causing endosomal regulators Mtmr5 and Mtmr13 in axon radial sorting and Schwann cell myelination. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1216-1229. [PMID: 34718573 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4B (CMT4B) disease caused by mutations in myotubularin-related 5 (MTMR5; also called SET Binding Factor 1; SBF1) shows a spectrum of axonal and demyelinating nerve phenotypes. This contrasts with the CMT4B subtypes caused by MTMR2 or MTMR13 (SBF2) mutations, which are characterized by myelin outfoldings and classic demyelination. Thus, it is unclear whether MTMR5 plays an analogous or distinct role from that of its homolog, MTMR13, in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). MTMR5 and MTMR13 are pseudophosphatases predicted to regulate endosomal trafficking by activating Rab GTPases and binding to the phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase MTMR2. In the mouse PNS, Mtmr2 was required to maintain wild type levels of Mtmr5 and Mtmr13, suggesting that these factors function in discrete protein complexes. Genetic elimination of both Mtmr5 and Mtmr13 in mice led to perinatal lethality, indicating that the two proteins have partially redundant functions during embryogenesis. Loss of Mtmr5 in mice did not cause CMT4B-like myelin outfoldings. However, adult Mtmr5-/- mouse nerves contained fewer myelinated axons than control nerves, likely as a result of axon radial sorting defects. Consistently, Mtmr5 levels were highest during axon radial sorting and fell sharply after postnatal day seven. Our findings suggest that Mtmr5 and Mtmr13 ensure proper axon radial sorting and Schwann cell myelination, respectively, perhaps through their direct interactions with Mtmr2. This study enhances our understanding of the non-redundant roles of the endosomal regulators MTMR5 and MTMR13 during normal peripheral nerve development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Mammel
- The Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Katherine C Delgado
- The Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Andrea L Chin
- The Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alec F Condon
- The Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Jo Q Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Sue A Aicher
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Yingming Wang
- OHSU Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Lev M Fedorov
- OHSU Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Fred L Robinson
- The Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University
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11
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Lehtilahti M, Kallio M, Majamaa K, Kärppä M. Phenotype of Patients With Charcot-Marie-Tooth With the p.His123Arg Mutation in GDAP1 in Northern Finland. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e629. [PMID: 34632054 PMCID: PMC8495501 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Mutations in the ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) gene cause autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Our aim was to study the clinical phenotype of patients with CMT caused by heterozygous p.His123Arg in GDAP1. Methods Twenty-three Finnish patients were recruited from a population-based cohort and through family investigation. Each patient was examined clinically and electrophysiologically. The Neuropathy Symptom Score and the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) were used in clinical evaluation. Results The median age at onset of symptoms was 17 years among patients with p.His123Arg in GDAP1. Motor symptoms were markedly more common than sensory symptoms at onset. All patients had distal weakness in lower extremities, and 17 (74%) patients had proximal weakness. Muscle atrophy and pes cavus were also common. Nineteen (82%) patients had sensory symptoms such as numbness or pain. The disease progressed with age, and the NDS increased 8.5 points per decade. Electrodiagnostic testing revealed length-dependent, sensory and motor axonal polyneuropathy. EDx findings were asymmetrical in 14 patients. Genealogic study of the families suggested a founder effect. Discussion We found that CMT in patients with p.His123Arg in GDAP1 is relatively mild and slow in progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lehtilahti
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital (M.Kallio); Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (M.Kallio), Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kallio
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital (M.Kallio); Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (M.Kallio), Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital (M.Kallio); Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (M.Kallio), Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko Kärppä
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital (M.Kallio); Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (M.Kallio), Oulu, Finland
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12
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Previtali SC. Peripheral Nerve Development and the Pathogenesis of Peripheral Neuropathy: the Sorting Point. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2156-2168. [PMID: 34244926 PMCID: PMC8804061 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve development requires a coordinated sequence of events and steps to be accomplished for the generation of functional peripheral nerves to convey sensory and motor signals. Any abnormality during development may result in pathological structure and function of the nerve, which evolves in peripheral neuropathy. In this review, we will briefly describe different steps of nerve development while we will mostly focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in radial sorting of axons, one of these nerve developmental steps. We will summarize current knowledge of molecular pathways so far reported in radial sorting and their possible interactions. Finally, we will describe how disruption of these pathways may result in human neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano C Previtali
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, InSpe (Institute of Experimental Neurology) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Abstract
Demyelinating forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) are genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous and result from highly diverse biological mechanisms including gain of function (including dominant negative effects) and loss of function. While no definitive treatment is currently available, rapid advances in defining the pathomechanisms of demyelinating CMT have led to promising pre-clinical studies, as well as emerging clinical trials. Especially promising are the recently completed pre-clinical genetic therapy studies in PMP-22, GJB1, and SH3TC2-associated neuropathies, particularly given the success of similar approaches in humans with spinal muscular atrophy and transthyretin familial polyneuropathy. This article focuses on neuropathies related to mutations in PMP-22, MPZ, and GJB1, which together comprise the most common forms of demyelinating CMT, as well as on select rarer forms for which promising treatment targets have been identified. Clinical characteristics and pathomechanisms are reviewed in detail, with emphasis on therapeutically targetable biological pathways. Also discussed are the challenges facing the CMT research community in its efforts to advance the rapidly evolving biological insights to effective clinical trials. These considerations include the limitations of currently available animal models, the need for personalized medicine approaches/allele-specific interventions for select forms of demyelinating CMT, and the increasing demand for optimal clinical outcome assessments and objective biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Fridman
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E 17th Avenue, Mailstop B185, Room 5113C, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Mario A Saporta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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14
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Berti B, Longo G, Mari F, Doccini S, Piccolo I, Donati MA, Moro F, Guerrini R, Santorelli FM, Petruzzella V. Bi-allelic variants in MTMR5/SBF1 cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4B3 featuring mitochondrial dysfunction. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:157. [PMID: 34118926 PMCID: PMC8199524 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 4B3 (CMT4B3) is a rare form of genetic neuropathy associated with variants in the MTMR5/SBF1 gene. MTMR5/SBF1 is a pseudophosphatase predicted to regulate endo-lysosomal trafficking in tandem with other MTMRs. Although almost ubiquitously expressed, pathogenic variants primarily impact on the peripheral nervous system, corroborating the involvement of MTMR5/SBF1 and its molecular partners in Schwann cells-mediated myelinization. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of severe CMT4B3 characterized by early-onset motor and axonal polyneuropathy in an Italian child in absence of any evidence of brain and spine MRI abnormalities or intellectual disability and with a biochemical profile suggestive of mitochondrial disease. Using an integrated approach combining both NGS gene panels and WES analysis, we identified two novel compound heterozygous missense variants in MTMR5/SBF1 gene, p.R763H (c.2291G > A) and p.G1064E (c.3194G > A). Studies in muscle identified partial defects of oxidative metabolism. CONCLUSION We describe the first case of an early onset severe polyneuropathy with motor and axonal involvement, due to recessive variants in the MTMR5/SBF1 gene, with no evidence of brain and spine MRI abnormalities, intellectual disability, no clinical and neurophysiological evidences of distal sensory impairment, and rapid neuromuscular deterioration. This report suggests that MTMR5/SBF1 should be considered in cases of infantile-onset CMT with secondary mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Berti
- Pediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longo
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Mari
- Child Neurology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Doccini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Piccolo
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Moro
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Child Neurology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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15
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Kwon HM, Kim HS, Kim SB, Park JH, Nam DE, Lee AJ, Nam SH, Hwang S, Chung KW, Choi BO. Clinical and Neuroimaging Features in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Patients with GNB4 Mutations. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060494. [PMID: 34071515 PMCID: PMC8227704 DOI: 10.3390/life11060494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy. Mutations in the GNB4 gene cause dominant intermediate CMT type F (CMTDIF). The aim of this study is to investigate phenotypic heterogeneities and characteristics of CMT patients with GNB4 mutations. We enrolled 1143 Korean CMT families and excluded 344 families with a PMP22 duplication. We further analyzed the 799 remaining families to find their GNB4 mutations using whole-exome sequencing (WES). We identified two mutations (p.Gly77Arg and p.Lys89Glu) in three families, among which a heterozygous p.Gly77Arg mutation was novel. In addition, a significant uncertain variant (p.Thr177Asn) was observed in one family. The frequency of the GNB4 mutation in the Korean population is 0.38% in PMP22 duplication-negative families. All three families showed de novo mutation. Electrophysiological findings regarding the p.Lys89Glu mutation showed that the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) of the median nerve was markedly reduced, indicating demyelinating neuropathy, and sural nerve biopsy revealed severe loss of myelinated axons with onion bulb formation. Lower extremity Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) demonstrated relatively more severe intramuscular fat infiltrations in demyelinating type (p.Lys89Glu mutation) patients compared to intermediate type (p.Gly77Arg mutation) patients. The anterolateral and superficial posterior compartment muscles of the distal calf were preferentially affected in demyelinating type patients. Therefore, it seems that the investigated GNB4 mutations do cause not only the known intermediate type but also demyelinating-type neuropathy. We first presented three Korean families with GNB4 mutations and found phenotypic heterogeneities of both intermediate and demyelinating neuropathy. We suggest that those findings are useful for the differential diagnosis of CMT patients with unknown GNB4 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Mi Kwon
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.M.K.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Hyun Su Kim
- Departments of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Sang Beom Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.M.K.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Da Eun Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea; (D.E.N.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Ah Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea; (D.E.N.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Soo Hyun Nam
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Soohyun Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea; (D.E.N.); (A.J.L.)
- Correspondence: (K.W.C.); (B.-O.C.); Tel.: +82-41-850-8506 (K.W.C.); +82-2-3410-1296 (B.-O.C.); Fax: +82-41-850-0957 (K.W.C.); +82-2-3410-0052 (B.-O.C.)
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.M.K.); (J.H.P.)
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.W.C.); (B.-O.C.); Tel.: +82-41-850-8506 (K.W.C.); +82-2-3410-1296 (B.-O.C.); Fax: +82-41-850-0957 (K.W.C.); +82-2-3410-0052 (B.-O.C.)
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16
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Boutary S, Caillaud M, El Madani M, Vallat JM, Loisel-Duwattez J, Rouyer A, Richard L, Gracia C, Urbinati G, Desmaële D, Echaniz-Laguna A, Adams D, Couvreur P, Schumacher M, Massaad C, Massaad-Massade L. Squalenoyl siRNA PMP22 nanoparticles are effective in treating mouse models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 A. Commun Biol 2021; 4:317. [PMID: 33750896 PMCID: PMC7943818 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 A (CMT1A) lacks an effective treatment. We provide a therapy for CMT1A, based on siRNA conjugated to squalene nanoparticles (siRNA PMP22-SQ NPs). Their administration resulted in normalization of Pmp22 protein levels, restored locomotor activity and electrophysiological parameters in two transgenic CMT1A mouse models with different severity of the disease. Pathological studies demonstrated the regeneration of myelinated axons and myelin compaction, one major step in restoring function of myelin sheaths. The normalization of sciatic nerve Krox20, Sox10 and neurofilament levels reflected the regeneration of both myelin and axons. Importantly, the positive effects of siRNA PMP22-SQ NPs lasted for three weeks, and their renewed administration resulted in full functional recovery. Beyond CMT1A, our findings can be considered as a potent therapeutic strategy for inherited peripheral neuropathies. They provide the proof of concept for a new precision medicine based on the normalization of disease gene expression by siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Boutary
- U1195 Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie Caillaud
- U1195 Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mévidette El Madani
- U1195 Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jean-Michel Vallat
- Service de Neurologie - Centre de Référence Neuropathies Périphérique Rares, CHU de Limoges - Hôpital Dupuytren, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, LIMOGES CEDEX, France
| | - Julien Loisel-Duwattez
- U1195 Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Neurology Department, AP-HP, Université Paris-Saclay and French Reference Center for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy and other rare peripheral neuropathies (CRMR-NNERF), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alice Rouyer
- U1195 Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Richard
- Service de Neurologie - Centre de Référence Neuropathies Périphérique Rares, CHU de Limoges - Hôpital Dupuytren, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, LIMOGES CEDEX, France
| | - Céline Gracia
- UMR 8203 CNRS, newly UMR 9018 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Giorgia Urbinati
- UMR 8203 CNRS, newly UMR 9018 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Didier Desmaële
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Andoni Echaniz-Laguna
- U1195 Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Neurology Department, AP-HP, Université Paris-Saclay and French Reference Center for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy and other rare peripheral neuropathies (CRMR-NNERF), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David Adams
- U1195 Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Neurology Department, AP-HP, Université Paris-Saclay and French Reference Center for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy and other rare peripheral neuropathies (CRMR-NNERF), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Michael Schumacher
- U1195 Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Charbel Massaad
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMRS 1124, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Liliane Massaad-Massade
- U1195 Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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17
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Boutary S, Echaniz-Laguna A, Adams D, Loisel-Duwattez J, Schumacher M, Massaad C, Massaad-Massade L. Treating PMP22 gene duplication-related Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: the past, the present and the future. Transl Res 2021; 227:100-111. [PMID: 32693030 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most frequent inherited neuropathy, affecting 1/1500 to 1/10000. CMT1A represents 60%-70% of all CMT and is caused by a duplication on chromosome 17p11.2 leading to an overexpression of the Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22). PMP22 gene is under tight regulation and small changes in its expression influences myelination and affect motor and sensory functions. To date, CMT1A treatment is symptomatic and classic pharmacological options have been disappointing. Here, we review the past, present, and future treatment options for CMT1A, with a special emphasis on the highly promising potential of PMP22-targeted small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Boutary
- U 1195, INSERM and Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Andoni Echaniz-Laguna
- U 1195, INSERM and Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Neurology Department, AP-HP, Paris-Saclay Universityand French Referent Center for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy and Other Rare Peripheral Neuropathies (CRMR-NNERF), Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David Adams
- U 1195, INSERM and Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Neurology Department, AP-HP, Paris-Saclay Universityand French Referent Center for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy and Other Rare Peripheral Neuropathies (CRMR-NNERF), Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Julien Loisel-Duwattez
- U 1195, INSERM and Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Neurology Department, AP-HP, Paris-Saclay Universityand French Referent Center for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy and Other Rare Peripheral Neuropathies (CRMR-NNERF), Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Charbel Massaad
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMRS 1124, Paris, France
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18
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Atkinson SP. A Preview of Selected Articles. Stem Cells 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.3299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Won SY, Kwon S, Jeong HS, Chung KW, Choi B, Chang JW, Lee JE. Fibulin 5, a human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells-secreted paracrine factor, attenuates peripheral nervous system myelination defects through the Integrin-RAC1 signaling axis. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1578-1593. [PMID: 33107705 PMCID: PMC7756588 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), proper development of Schwann cells (SCs) contributing to axonal myelination is critical for neuronal function. Impairments of SCs or neuronal axons give rise to several myelin-related disorders, including dysmyelinating and demyelinating diseases. Pathological mechanisms, however, have been understood at the elementary level and targeted therapeutics has remained undeveloped. Here, we identify Fibulin 5 (FBLN5), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, as a key paracrine factor of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) to control the development of SCs. We show that co-culture with WJ-MSCs or treatment of recombinant FBLN5 promotes the proliferation of SCs through ERK activation, whereas FBLN5-depleted WJ-MSCs do not. We further reveal that during myelination of SCs, FBLN5 binds to Integrin and modulates actin remodeling, such as the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia, through RAC1 activity. Finally, we show that FBLN5 effectively restores the myelination defects of SCs in the zebrafish model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) type 1, a representative demyelinating disease. Overall, our data propose human WJ-MSCs or FBLN5 protein as a potential treatment for myelin-related diseases, including CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Won
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySamsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
- Stem Cell Institute, ENCell Co. LtdSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hui Su Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySamsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological SciencesKongju National UniversityKongjuSouth Korea
| | - Byung‐Ok Choi
- Department of NeurologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
- Stem Cell Institute, ENCell Co. LtdSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySamsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
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20
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Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease by Network and Pathway Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1353516. [PMID: 33029488 PMCID: PMC7532371 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1353516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) is the most common clinical genetic disease of the peripheral nervous system. Although many studies have focused on elucidating the pathogenesis of CMT, few focuses on achieving a systematic analysis of biology to decode the underlying pathological molecular mechanisms and the mechanism of its disease remains to be elucidated. So our study may provide further useful insights into the molecular mechanisms of CMT based on a systematic bioinformatics analysis. In the current study, by reviewing the literatures deposited in PUBMED, we identified 100 genes genetically related to CMT. Then, the functional features of the CMT-related genes were examined by R software and KOBAS, and the selected biological process crosstalk was visualized with the software Cytoscape. Moreover, CMT specific molecular network analysis was conducted by the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) Algorithm. The biological function enrichment analysis suggested that myelin sheath, axon, peripheral nervous system, mitochondrial function, various metabolic processes, and autophagy played important roles in CMT development. Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption were significantly enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway network, suggesting that these pathways may play key roles in CMT occurrence and development. According to the crosstalk, the biological processes could be roughly divided into a correlative module and two separate modules. MCODE clusters showed that in top 3 clusters, 13 of CMT-related genes were included in the network and 30 candidate genes were discovered which might be potentially related to CMT. The study may help to update the new understanding of the pathogenesis of CMT and expand the potential genes of CMT for further exploration.
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21
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Khani M, Taheri H, Shamshiri H, Moazzeni H, Hardy J, Bras JT, InanlooRahatloo K, Alavi A, Nafissi S, Elahi E. Deep geno- and phenotyping in two consanguineous families with CMT2 reveals HADHA as an unusual disease-causing gene and an intronic variant in GDAP1 as an unusual mutation. J Neurol 2020; 268:640-650. [PMID: 32897397 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a prevalent and heterogeneous peripheral neuropathy. Most patients affected with the axonal form of CMT (CMT2) do not harbor mutations in the approximately 90 known CMT-associated genes. We aimed to identify causative genes in two CMT2 pedigrees. METHODS Neurologic examination, laboratory tests and brain MRIs were performed. Genetic analysis included exome sequencing of four patients from the two pedigrees. The predicted effect of a deep intronic mutation on splicing was tested by regular and real-time PCR and sequencing. RESULTS Clinical data were consistent with CMT2 diagnosis. Inheritance patterns were autosomal recessive. Exome data of CMT2-101 did not include mutations in known CMT-associated genes. Sequence data, segregation analysis, bioinformatics analysis, evolutionary conservation, and information in the literature strongly implicated HADHA as the causative gene. An intronic variation positioned 23 nucleotides away from following intron/exon border in GDAP1 was ultimately identified as cause of CMT in CMT2-102. It was shown to affect splicing. CONCLUSION The finding of a HADHA mutation as a cause of CMT is of interest because its encoded protein is a subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) complex, a mitochondrial enzyme involved in long chain fatty acid oxidation. Long chain fatty acid oxidation is an important source of energy for skeletal muscles. The mutation found in CMT2-102 is only the second intronic mutation reported in GDAP1. The mutation in the CMT2-102 pedigree was outside the canonical splice site sequences, emphasizing the importance of careful examination of available intronic sequences in exome sequence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Khani
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Taheri
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Shamshiri
- Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Moazzeni
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jose Tomas Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elahe Elahi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Rzepnikowska W, Kaminska J, Kabzińska D, Binięda K, Kochański A. A Yeast-Based Model for Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies: A Simple System for Complex, Heterogeneous Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124277. [PMID: 32560077 PMCID: PMC7352270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease encompasses a group of rare disorders that are characterized by similar clinical manifestations and a high genetic heterogeneity. Such excessive diversity presents many problems. Firstly, it makes a proper genetic diagnosis much more difficult and, even when using the most advanced tools, does not guarantee that the cause of the disease will be revealed. Secondly, the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed symptoms are extremely diverse and are probably different for most of the disease subtypes. Finally, there is no possibility of finding one efficient cure for all, or even the majority of CMT diseases. Every subtype of CMT needs an individual approach backed up by its own research field. Thus, it is little surprise that our knowledge of CMT disease as a whole is selective and therapeutic approaches are limited. There is an urgent need to develop new CMT models to fill the gaps. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of yeast as a model system in which to study CMT diseases. We show how this single-cell organism may be used to discriminate between pathogenic variants, to uncover the mechanism of pathogenesis, and to discover new therapies for CMT disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Rzepnikowska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Joanna Kaminska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Kabzińska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Binięda
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Andrzej Kochański
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Miura S, Kosaka K, Shimojo T, Matsuura E, Noda K, Fujioka R, Mori SI, Umehara F, Iwaki T, Yamamoto K, Saitsu H, Shibata H. Intronic variant in IQGAP3 associated with hereditary neuropathy with proximal lower dominancy, urinary disturbance, and paroxysmal dry cough. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:717-725. [PMID: 32341455 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 2008, we reported a clinically and genetically new type of autosomal dominant disorder of motor and sensory neuropathy with proximal dominancy in the lower extremities, urinary disturbance, and paroxysmal dry cough. To identify the nucleotide variant causative of this disease, we reanalyzed the linkage of the original Japanese pedigree including seven newly ascertained subjects with updated information. We assigned the locus of the disease to 1p13.3-q23 (maximum logarithm-of-odds score = 2.71). Exome sequencing for five patients and one healthy relative from the pedigree revealed 2526 patient-specific single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). By rigorous filtering processes using public databases, our linkage results, and functional prediction, followed by Sanger sequencing of the pedigree and 520 healthy Japanese individuals, we identified an intronic SNV in IQGAP3, a gene known to be associated with neurite outgrowth. Upon pathological examination of the sural nerve, moderate, chronic, mainly axonal neuropathy was observed. By histochemical analyses, we observed a patient-specific increase of IQGAP3 expression in the sural nerve. We concluded that the variant of IQGAP3 is associated with the disease in our pedigree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiroh Miura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, 790-0295, Japan.,Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kengo Kosaka
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Shimojo
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | | | - Ryuta Fujioka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Beppu University Junior College, Beppu, 874-8501, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Mori
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.,Department of Neuropathology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fujio Umehara
- Department of Neurology, Nanpuh Hospital, Kagoshima, 892-8582, Japan
| | - Toru Iwaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3125, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibata
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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24
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Luan CJ, Guo W, Chen L, Wei XW, He Y, Chen Y, Dang SY, Prior R, Li X, Kuang Y, Wang ZG, Van Den Bosch L, Gu MM. CMT2Q-causing mutation in the Dhtkd1 gene lead to sensory defects, mitochondrial accumulation and altered metabolism in a knock-in mouse model. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:32. [PMID: 32169121 PMCID: PMC7071680 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of inherited neurological disorders of the peripheral nervous system. CMT is subdivided into two main types: a demyelinating form, known as CMT1, and an axonal form, known as CMT2. Nearly 30 genes have been identified as a cause of CMT2. One of these is the 'dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain containing 1' (DHTKD1) gene. We previously demonstrated that a nonsense mutation [c.1455 T > G (p.Y485*)] in exon 8 of DHTKD1 is one of the disease-causing mutations in CMT2Q (MIM 615025). The aim of the current study was to investigate whether human disease-causing mutations in the Dhtkd1 gene cause CMT2Q phenotypes in a mouse model in order to investigate the physiological function and pathogenic mechanisms associated with mutations in the Dhtkd1 gene in vivo. Therefore, we generated a knock-in mouse model with the Dhtkd1Y486* point mutation. We observed that the Dhtkd1 expression level in sciatic nerve of knock-in mice was significantly lower than in wild-type mice. Moreover, a histopathological phenotype was observed, reminiscent of a peripheral neuropathy, including reduced large axon diameter and abnormal myelination in peripheral nerves. The knock-in mice also displayed clear sensory defects, while no abnormalities in the motor performance were observed. In addition, accumulation of mitochondria and an elevated energy metabolic state was observed in the knock-in mice. Taken together, our study indicates that the Dhtkd1Y486* knock-in mice partially recapitulate the clinical phenotypes of CMT2Q patients and we hypothesize that there might be a compensatory effect from the elevated metabolic state in the knock-in mice that enables them to maintain their normal locomotor function.
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25
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Scapin C, Ferri C, Pettinato E, Zambroni D, Bianchi F, Del Carro U, Belin S, Caruso D, Mitro N, Pellegatta M, Taveggia C, Schwab MH, Nave KA, Feltri ML, Wrabetz L, D'Antonio M. Enhanced axonal neuregulin-1 type-III signaling ameliorates neurophysiology and hypomyelination in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:992-1006. [PMID: 30481294 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathies are a group of genetic disorders that affect the peripheral nervous system with heterogeneous pathogenesis and no available treatment. Axonal neuregulin 1 type III (Nrg1TIII) drives peripheral nerve myelination by activating downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk that converge on master transcriptional regulators of myelin genes, such as Krox20. We reasoned that modulating Nrg1TIII activity may constitute a general therapeutic strategy to treat CMTs that are characterized by reduced levels of myelination. Here we show that genetic overexpression of Nrg1TIII ameliorates neurophysiological and morphological parameters in a mouse model of demyelinating CMT1B, without exacerbating the toxic gain-of-function that underlies the neuropathy. Intriguingly, the mechanism appears not to be related to Krox20 or myelin gene upregulation, but rather to a beneficial rebalancing in the stoichiometry of myelin lipids and proteins. Finally, we provide proof of principle that stimulating Nrg1TIII signaling, by pharmacological suppression of the Nrg1TIII inhibitor tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17), also ameliorates the neuropathy. Thus, modulation of Nrg1TIII by TACE/ADAM17 inhibition may represent a general treatment for hypomyelinating neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Bianchi
- INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Del Carro
- INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Caruso
- DiSFeB-Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- DiSFeB-Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Pellegatta
- INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Taveggia
- INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Markus H Schwab
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Laura Feltri
- DIBIT, Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology.,Hunter James Kelly Research Institute.,Department of Neurology.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- DIBIT, Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology.,Hunter James Kelly Research Institute.,Department of Neurology.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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26
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth: From Molecules to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143419. [PMID: 31336816 PMCID: PMC6679156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most prevalent category of inherited neuropathy. The most common inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant, though there also are X-linked and autosomal recessive subtypes. In addition to a variety of inheritance patterns, there are a myriad of genes associated with CMT, reflecting the heterogeneity of this disorder. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has expanded and simplified the diagnostic yield of genes/molecules underlying and/or associated with CMT, which is of paramount importance in providing a substrate for current and future targeted disease-modifying treatment options. Considerable research attention for disease-modifying therapy has been geared towards the most commonly encountered genetic mutations (PMP22, GJB1, MPZ, and MFN2). In this review, we highlight the clinical background, molecular understanding, and therapeutic investigations of these CMT subtypes, while also discussing therapeutic research pertinent to the remaining less common CMT subtypes.
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27
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Robinson DC, Mammel AE, Logan AM, Larson AA, Schmidt EJ, Condon AF, Robinson FL. An In Vitro Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 4B2 Provides Insight Into the Roles of MTMR13 and MTMR2 in Schwann Cell Myelination. ASN Neuro 2019; 10:1759091418803282. [PMID: 30419760 PMCID: PMC6236487 DOI: 10.1177/1759091418803282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disorder Type 4B (CMT4B) is a demyelinating
peripheral neuropathy caused by mutations in myotubularin-related
(MTMR) proteins 2, 13, or 5 (CMT4B1/2/3), which regulate
phosphoinositide turnover and endosomal trafficking. Although mouse
models of CMT4B2 exist, an in vitro model would make
possible pharmacological and reverse genetic experiments needed to
clarify the role of MTMR13 in myelination. We have generated such a
model using Schwann cell-dorsal root ganglion (SC-DRG) explants from
Mtmr13−/− mice. Myelin sheaths
in mutant cultures contain outfoldings highly reminiscent of those
observed in the nerves of Mtmr13−/− mice
and CMT4B2 patients. Mtmr13−/− SC-DRG
explants also contain reduced Mtmr2, further supporting a role of
Mtmr13 in stabilizing Mtmr2. Elevated PI(3,5)P2 has been
implicated as a cause of myelin outfoldings in
Mtmr2−/− models. In contrast,
the role of elevated PI3P or PI(3,5)P2 in promoting
outfoldings in Mtmr13−/− models is
unclear. We found that over-expression of MTMR2 in
Mtmr13−/− SC-DRGs moderately
reduced the prevalence of myelin outfoldings. Thus, a manipulation
predicted to lower PI3P and PI(3,5)P2 partially suppressed
the phenotype caused by Mtmr13 deficiency. We also explored the
relationship between CMT4B2-like myelin outfoldings and kinases that
produce PI3P and PI(3,5)P2 by analyzing nerve pathology in
mice lacking both Mtmr13 and one of two specific PI 3-kinases.
Intriguingly, the loss of vacuolar protein sorting 34 or PI3K-C2β in
Mtmr13−/− mice had no impact
on the prevalence of myelin outfoldings. In aggregate, our findings
suggest that the MTMR13 scaffold protein likely has critical functions
other than stabilizing MTMR2 to achieve an adequate level of PI
3-phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C Robinson
- 1 Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,2 Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anna E Mammel
- 1 Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,3 Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anne M Logan
- 1 Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,2 Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aubree A Larson
- 1 Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric J Schmidt
- 1 Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alec F Condon
- 1 Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,2 Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fred L Robinson
- 1 Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,4 Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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28
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Volpi VG, Ferri C, Fregno I, Del Carro U, Bianchi F, Scapin C, Pettinato E, Solda T, Feltri ML, Molinari M, Wrabetz L, D’Antonio M. Schwann cells ER-associated degradation contributes to myelin maintenance in adult nerves and limits demyelination in CMT1B mice. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008069. [PMID: 30995221 PMCID: PMC6488099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelinating Schwann cells synthesize large amounts of myelin protein zero (P0) glycoprotein, an abundant component of peripheral nerve myelin. In humans, mutations in P0 cause the demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B (CMT1B) neuropathy, one of the most diffused genetic disorders of the PNS. We previously showed that several mutations, such as the deletion of serine 63 (P0-S63del), result in misfolding and accumulation of P0 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In addition, we observed that S63del mouse nerves display the upregulation of many ER-associated degradation (ERAD) genes, suggesting a possible involvement of this pathway in the clearance of the mutant P0. In ERAD in fact, misfolded proteins are dislocated from the ER and targeted for proteasomal degradation. Taking advantage of inducible cells that express the ER retained P0, here we show that the P0-S63del glycoprotein is degraded via ERAD. Moreover, we provide strong evidence that the Schwann cell-specific ablation of the ERAD factor Derlin-2 in S63del nerves exacerbates both the myelin defects and the UPR in vivo, unveiling a protective role for ERAD in CMT1B neuropathy. We also found that lack of Derlin-2 affects adult myelin maintenance in normal nerves, without compromising their development, pinpointing ERAD as a previously unrecognized player in preserving Schwann cells homeostasis in adulthood. Finally, we provide evidence that treatment of S63del peripheral nerve cultures with N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (GlcNAc), known to enhance protein quality control pathways in C.elegans, ameliorates S63del nerve myelination ex vivo. Overall, our study suggests that potentiating adaptive ER quality control pathways might represent an appealing strategy to treat both conformational and age-related PNS disorders. Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies are a large family of peripheral nerve disorders, showing extensive clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Although strong advances have been made in the identification of genes and mutations involved, effective therapies are still lacking. Intracellular retention of abnormal proteins has been recently suggested as one of the pathogenetic events that might underlie several conformational neuropathies. To limit the toxic effects of accumulated mutant proteins, cells have developed efficient protein quality control systems aimed at optimizing both protein folding and degradation. Here we show that ER-associated degradation limits Schwann cells stress and myelin defects caused by the accumulation of a mutant myelin protein into the ER. In addition, we also describe for the first time the importance of Schwann cells ERAD in preserving myelin integrity in adult nerves, showing that genetic ERAD impairment leads to a late onset, motor-predominant, peripheral neuropathy in vivo. Effort in the design of strategies that potentiate ERAD and ER quality controls is therefore highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera G. Volpi
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ferri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fregno
- Instuitute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ubaldo Del Carro
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Scapin
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pettinato
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tatiana Solda
- Instuitute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - M. Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Instuitute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Maurizio D’Antonio
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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29
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El-Bazzal L, Rihan K, Bernard-Marissal N, Castro C, Chouery-Khoury E, Desvignes JP, Atkinson A, Bertaux K, Koussa S, Lévy N, Bartoli M, Mégarbané A, Jabbour R, Delague V. Loss of Cajal bodies in motor neurons from patients with novel mutations in VRK1. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:2378-2394. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMNs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases, resembling Charcot–Marie–Tooth syndromes, but characterized by an exclusive involvement of the motor part of the peripheral nervous system.
Here, we describe two new compound heterozygous mutations in VRK1, the vaccinia-related kinase 1 gene, in two siblings from a Lebanese family, affected with dHMN associated with upper motor neurons (MNs) signs. The mutations lead to severely reduced levels of VRK1 by impairing its stability, and to a shift of nuclear VRK1 to cytoplasm. Depletion of VRK1 from the nucleus alters the dynamics of coilin, a phosphorylation target of VRK1, by reducing its stability through increased proteasomal degradation. In human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MNs from patients, we demonstrate that this drop in VRK1 levels leads to Cajal bodies (CBs) disassembly and to defects in neurite outgrowth and branching. Mutations in VRK1 have been previously reported in several neurological diseases affecting lower or both upper and lower MNs. Here, we describe a new phenotype linked to VRK1 mutations, presenting as a classical slowly progressive motor neuropathy, beginning in the second decade of life, with associated upper MN signs. We provide, for the first time, evidence for a role of VRK1 in regulating CB assembly in MNs. The observed MN defects are consistent with a length dependent axonopathy affecting lower and upper MNs, and we propose that diseases due to mutations in VRK1 should be grouped under a unique entity named `VRK1-related motor neuron disease’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara El-Bazzal
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France
| | - Khalil Rihan
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Eliane Chouery-Khoury
- Unité de Génétique Médicale, Université Saint Joseph, Campus des Sciences Médicales, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Karine Bertaux
- Medical Genetics, Biological Resource Center—Tissue, DNA, Cells, CRB TAC, La Timone Children’s Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Salam Koussa
- Department of Neurology, Lebanese University Hospital-Geitaoui, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Bartoli
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France
| | - André Mégarbané
- Centre Médical et Psychopédagogique, Beirut, Lebanon
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - Rosette Jabbour
- Neurology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, St George Hospital University Medical Center, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
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30
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Sohn EJ, Park HT. MicroRNA Mediated Regulation of Schwann Cell Migration and Proliferation in Peripheral Nerve Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8198365. [PMID: 29854793 PMCID: PMC5952561 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8198365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) contribute to nerve repair following injury; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are short noncoding RNAs, have been shown to play a role in neuronal disease. In this work, we show that miRNAs regulate the peripheral nerve system by modulating the migration and proliferation of SCs. Thus, miRNAs expressed in peripheral nerves may provide a potential therapeutic target for peripheral nerve injury or repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Sohn
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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31
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Abbott JA, Meyer-Schuman R, Lupo V, Feely S, Mademan I, Oprescu SN, Griffin LB, Alberti MA, Casasnovas C, Aharoni S, Basel-Vanagaite L, Züchner S, De Jonghe P, Baets J, Shy ME, Espinós C, Demeler B, Antonellis A, Francklyn C. Substrate interaction defects in histidyl-tRNA synthetase linked to dominant axonal peripheral neuropathy. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:415-432. [PMID: 29235198 PMCID: PMC5983030 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HARS) ligates histidine to cognate tRNA molecules, which is required for protein translation. Mutations in HARS cause the dominant axonal peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2W (CMT2W); however, the precise molecular mechanism remains undefined. Here, we investigated three HARS missense mutations associated with CMT2W (p.Tyr330Cys, p.Ser356Asn, and p.Val155Gly). The three mutations localize to the HARS catalytic domain and failed to complement deletion of the yeast ortholog (HTS1). Enzyme kinetics, differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) were employed to assess the effect of these substitutions on primary aminoacylation function and overall dimeric structure. Notably, the p.Tyr330Cys, p.Ser356Asn, and p.Val155Gly HARS substitutions all led to reduced aminoacylation, providing a direct connection between CMT2W-linked HARS mutations and loss of canonical ARS function. While DSF assays revealed that only one of the variants (p.Val155Gly) was less thermally stable relative to wild-type, all three HARS mutants formed stable dimers, as measured by AUC. Our work represents the first biochemical analysis of CMT-associated HARS mutations and underscores how loss of the primary aminoacylation function can contribute to disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Abbott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Rebecca Meyer-Schuman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vincenzo Lupo
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Shawna Feely
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Inès Mademan
- Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Stephanie N. Oprescu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laurie B. Griffin
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Antonia Alberti
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sharon Aharoni
- Institute of Child Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lina Basel-Vanagaite
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Stephan Züchner
- Dr John T McDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics & John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Michael E. Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Sciences at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher Francklyn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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Muhammad AKMG, Kim K, Epifantseva I, Aghamaleky-Sarvestany A, Simpkinson ME, Carmona S, Landeros J, Bell S, Svaren J, Baloh RH. Cell transplantation strategies for acquired and inherited disorders of peripheral myelin. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:186-200. [PMID: 29468179 PMCID: PMC5817839 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate transplantation of rat Schwann cells or human iPSC-derived neural crest cells and derivatives into models of acquired and inherited peripheral myelin damage. Methods Primary cultured rat Schwann cells labeled with a fluorescent protein for monitoring at various times after transplantation. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated into neural crest stem cells, and subsequently toward a Schwann cell lineage via two different protocols. Cell types were characterized using flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and transcriptomics. Rat Schwann cells and human iPSC derivatives were transplanted into (1) nude rats pretreated with lysolecithin to induce demyelination or (2) a transgenic rat model of dysmyelination due to PMP22 overexpression. Results Rat Schwann cells transplanted into sciatic nerves with either toxic demyelination or genetic dysmyelination engrafted successfully, and migrated longitudinally for relatively long distances, with more limited axial migration. Transplanted Schwann cells engaged existing axons and displaced dysfunctional Schwann cells to form normal-appearing myelin. Human iPSC-derived neural crest stem cells and their derivatives shared similar engraftment and migration characteristics to rat Schwann cells after transplantation, but did not further differentiate into Schwann cells or form myelin. Interpretation These results indicate that cultured Schwann cells surgically delivered to peripheral nerve can engraft and form myelin in either acquired or inherited myelin injury, as proof of concept for pursuing cell therapy for diseases of peripheral nerve. However, lack of reliable technology for generating human iPSC-derived Schwann cells for transplantation therapy remains a barrier in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M G Muhammad
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Kevin Kim
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Irina Epifantseva
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Arwin Aghamaleky-Sarvestany
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Megan E Simpkinson
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Sharon Carmona
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Jesse Landeros
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - Shaughn Bell
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center and Department of Comparative Biosciences University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706
| | - Robert H Baloh
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048.,Department of Neurology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles California 90048
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33
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A novel missense variant (Gln220Arg) of GNB4 encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein, subunit beta-4 in a Japanese family with autosomal dominant motor and sensory neuropathy. Eur J Med Genet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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34
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Marttila M, Kytövuori L, Helisalmi S, Kallio M, Laitinen M, Hiltunen M, Kärppä M, Majamaa K. Molecular Epidemiology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland: A Population-Based Study. Neuroepidemiology 2017; 49:34-39. [PMID: 28810241 DOI: 10.1159/000478860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disorder with a population prevalence of 9.7-82.3/100,000. In this study, we have estimated the prevalence of CMT and its subtypes in Finland and examined the frequency of molecular etiologies. METHODS A population-based survey included adult patients with peripheral neuropathy from the province of Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. Secondary causes of peripheral polyneuropathy were excluded and patients with clinical and neurophysiological features pertinent with CMT were included. Molecular diagnostics was carried out when DNA was available. RESULTS We found 107 subjects with CMT yielding a prevalence 34.6/100,000 in Northern Ostrobothnia. The heterozygous point mutation p.His123Arg in ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 (GDAP1) was found in 31.5% and peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) duplication in 16.9% of the affected. Point mutations in myelin protein zero, mitofusin 2, and gap junction protein beta 1 accounted for 6.7% of the cases. In addition, 18 persons had hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies and 15 of them carried the PMP22 deletion. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CMT in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland, seems to be slightly higher than those in previous studies in European populations. Founder mutation in the GDAP1 gene accounts for a large part of the genetically defined CMT2 in Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marttila
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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35
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Horga A, Laurà M, Jaunmuktane Z, Jerath NU, Gonzalez MA, Polke JM, Poh R, Blake JC, Liu YT, Wiethoff S, Bettencourt C, Lunn MP, Manji H, Hanna MG, Houlden H, Brandner S, Züchner S, Shy M, Reilly MM. Genetic and clinical characteristics of NEFL-related Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:575-585. [PMID: 28501821 PMCID: PMC5580821 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-315077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse and describe the clinical and genetic spectrum of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) caused by mutations in the neurofilament light polypeptide gene (NEFL). METHODS Combined analysis of newly identified patients with NEFL-related CMT and all previously reported cases from the literature. RESULTS Five new unrelated patients with CMT carrying the NEFL mutations P8R and N98S and the novel variant L311P were identified. Combined data from these cases and 62 kindreds from the literature revealed four common mutations (P8R, P22S, N98S and E396K) and three mutational hotspots accounting for 37 (55%) and 50 (75%) kindreds, respectively. Eight patients had de novo mutations. Loss of large-myelinated fibres was a uniform feature in a total of 21 sural nerve biopsies and 'onion bulb' formations and/or thin myelin sheaths were observed in 14 (67%) of them. The neurophysiological phenotype was broad but most patients with E90K and N98S had upper limb motor conduction velocities <38 m/s. Age of onset was ≤3 years in 25 cases. Pyramidal tract signs were described in 13 patients and 7 patients were initially diagnosed with or tested for inherited ataxia. Patients with E90K and N98S frequently presented before age 3 years and developed hearing loss or other neurological features including ataxia and/or cerebellar atrophy on brain MRI. CONCLUSIONS NEFL-related CMT is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Based on this study, however, we propose mutational hotspots and relevant clinical-genetic associations that may be helpful in the evaluation of NEFL sequence variants and the differential diagnosis with other forms of CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Horga
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Laurà
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UCL Institute of Neurology, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Michael A Gonzalez
- Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,The Genesis Project Foundation, The Genesis Project Foundation, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - James M Polke
- Department of Neurogenetics, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Roy Poh
- Department of Neurogenetics, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Julian C Blake
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital), London, UK
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Wiethoff
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Pt Lunn
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Hadi Manji
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michael G Hanna
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropatholgoy, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Wayne State University, Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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36
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Logan AM, Mammel AE, Robinson DC, Chin AL, Condon AF, Robinson FL. Schwann cell-specific deletion of the endosomal PI 3-kinase Vps34 leads to delayed radial sorting of axons, arrested myelination, and abnormal ErbB2-ErbB3 tyrosine kinase signaling. Glia 2017; 65:1452-1470. [PMID: 28617998 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The PI 3-kinase Vps34 (Pik3c3) synthesizes phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), a lipid critical for both endosomal membrane traffic and macroautophagy. Human genetics have implicated PI3P dysregulation, and endosomal trafficking in general, as a recurring cause of demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) peripheral neuropathy. Here, we investigated the role of Vps34, and PI3P, in mouse Schwann cells by selectively deleting Vps34 in this cell type. Vps34-Schwann cell knockout (Vps34SCKO ) mice show severe hypomyelination in peripheral nerves. Vps34-/- Schwann cells interact abnormally with axons, and there is a delay in radial sorting, a process by which large axons are selected for myelination. Upon reaching the promyelinating stage, Vps34-/- Schwann cells are significantly impaired in the elaboration of myelin. Nerves from Vps34SCKO mice contain elevated levels of the LC3 and p62 proteins, indicating impaired autophagy. However, in the light of recent demonstrations that autophagy is dispensable for myelination, it is unlikely that hypomyelination in Vps34SCKO mice is caused by impaired autophagy. Endosomal trafficking is also disturbed in Vps34-/- Schwann cells. We investigated the activation of the ErbB2/3 receptor tyrosine kinases in Vps34SCKO nerves, as these proteins, which play essential roles in Schwann cell myelination, are known to traffic through endosomes. In Vps34SCKO nerves, ErbB3 was hyperphosphorylated on a tyrosine known to be phosphorylated in response to neuregulin 1 exposure. ErbB2 protein levels were also decreased during myelination. Our findings suggest that the loss of Vps34 alters the trafficking of ErbB2/3 through endosomes. Abnormal ErbB2/3 signaling to downstream targets may contribute to the hypomyelination observed in Vps34SCKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Logan
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Mail Code L623, Portland, Oregon, 97239.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239
| | - Anna E Mammel
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Mail Code L623, Portland, Oregon, 97239.,Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239
| | - Danielle C Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Mail Code L623, Portland, Oregon, 97239.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239
| | - Andrea L Chin
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Mail Code L623, Portland, Oregon, 97239
| | - Alec F Condon
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Mail Code L623, Portland, Oregon, 97239.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239
| | - Fred L Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Mail Code L623, Portland, Oregon, 97239.,Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239
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Weis J, Claeys KG, Roos A, Azzedine H, Katona I, Schröder JM, Senderek J. Towards a functional pathology of hereditary neuropathies. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:493-515. [PMID: 27896434 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of hereditary neuropathies have been assigned to causative gene defects in recent years. The study of human nerve biopsy samples has contributed substantially to the discovery of many of these neuropathy genes. Genotype-phenotype correlations based on peripheral nerve pathology have provided a comprehensive picture of the consequences of these mutations. Intriguingly, several gene defects lead to distinguishable lesion patterns that can be studied in nerve biopsies. These characteristic features include the loss of certain nerve fiber populations and a large spectrum of distinct structural changes of axons, Schwann cells and other components of peripheral nerves. In several instances the lesion patterns are directly or indirectly linked to the known functions of the mutated gene. The present review is designed to provide an overview on these characteristic patterns. It also considers other aspects important for the manifestation and pathology of hereditary neuropathies including the role of inflammation, effects of chemotherapeutic agents and alterations detectable in skin biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kristl G Claeys
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven and University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Roos
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hamid Azzedine
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Istvan Katona
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Michael Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Ziemssenstr. 1a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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38
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Kichula EA. Inherited Neuromuscular Disorders: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Advances in Treatment. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40124-017-0118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Charcot Marie Tooth 2B Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy: How Rab7 Mutations Impact NGF Signaling? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020324. [PMID: 28165391 PMCID: PMC5343860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B peripheral sensory neuropathy (CMT2B) is a debilitating autosomal dominant hereditary sensory neuropathy. Patients with this disease lose pain sensation and frequently need amputation. Axonal dysfunction and degeneration of peripheral sensory neurons is a major clinical manifestation of CMT2B. However, the cellular and molecular pathogenic mechanisms remain undefined. CMT2B is caused by missense point mutations (L129F, K157N, N161T/I, V162M) in Rab7 GTPase. Strong evidence suggests that the Rab7 mutation(s) enhances the cellular levels of activated Rab7 proteins, thus resulting in increased lysosomal activity and autophagy. As a consequence, trafficking and signaling of neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF) in the long axons of peripheral sensory neurons are particularly vulnerable to premature degradation. A “gain of toxicity” model has, thus, been proposed based on these observations. However, studies of fly photo-sensory neurons indicate that the Rab7 mutation(s) causes a “loss of function”, resulting in haploinsufficiency. In the review, we summarize experimental evidence for both hypotheses. We argue that better models (rodent animals and human neurons) of CMT2B are needed to precisely define the disease mechanisms.
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40
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Volpi VG, Touvier T, D'Antonio M. Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Quality Control Failure in Myelin Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 9:162. [PMID: 28101003 PMCID: PMC5209374 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaching the correct three-dimensional structure is crucial for the proper function of a protein. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle where secreted and transmembrane proteins are synthesized and folded. To guarantee high fidelity of protein synthesis and maturation in the ER, cells have evolved ER-protein quality control (ERQC) systems, which assist protein folding and promptly degrade aberrant gene products. Only correctly folded proteins that pass ERQC checkpoints are allowed to exit the ER and reach their final destination. Misfolded glycoproteins are detected and targeted for degradation by the proteasome in a process known as endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). The excess of unstructured proteins in the ER triggers an adaptive signal transduction pathway, called unfolded protein response (UPR), which in turn potentiates ERQC activities in order to reduce the levels of aberrant molecules. When the situation cannot be restored, the UPR drives cells to apoptosis. Myelin-forming cells of the central and peripheral nervous system (oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells) synthesize a large amount of myelin proteins and lipids and therefore are particularly susceptible to ERQC failure. Indeed, deficits in ERQC and activation of ER stress/UPR have been implicated in several myelin disorders, such as Pelizaeus-Merzbacher and Krabbe leucodystrophies, vanishing white matter disease and Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies. Here we discuss recent evidence underlying the importance of proper ERQC functions in genetic disorders of myelinating glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera G Volpi
- Biology of Myelin Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT Milan, Italy
| | - Thierry Touvier
- Biology of Myelin Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Antonio
- Biology of Myelin Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT Milan, Italy
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41
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Plassais J, Lagoutte L, Correard S, Paradis M, Guaguère E, Hédan B, Pommier A, Botherel N, Cadiergues MC, Pilorge P, Silversides D, Bizot M, Samuels M, Arnan C, Johnson R, Hitte C, Salbert G, Méreau A, Quignon P, Derrien T, André C. A Point Mutation in a lincRNA Upstream of GDNF Is Associated to a Canine Insensitivity to Pain: A Spontaneous Model for Human Sensory Neuropathies. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006482. [PMID: 28033318 PMCID: PMC5198995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathies (HSANs) are characterized by insensitivity to pain, sometimes combined with self-mutilation. Strikingly, several sporting dog breeds are particularly affected by such neuropathies. Clinical signs appear in young puppies and consist of acral analgesia, with or without sudden intense licking, biting and severe self-mutilation of the feet, whereas proprioception, motor abilities and spinal reflexes remain intact. Through a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) with 24 affected and 30 unaffected sporting dogs using the Canine HD 170K SNP array (Illumina), we identified a 1.8 Mb homozygous locus on canine chromosome 4 (adj. p-val = 2.5x10-6). Targeted high-throughput sequencing of this locus in 4 affected and 4 unaffected dogs identified 478 variants. Only one variant perfectly segregated with the expected recessive inheritance in 300 sporting dogs of known clinical status, while it was never present in 900 unaffected dogs from 130 other breeds. This variant, located 90 kb upstream of the GDNF gene, a highly relevant neurotrophic factor candidate gene, lies in a long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA), GDNF-AS. Using human comparative genomic analysis, we observed that the canine variant maps onto an enhancer element. Quantitative RT-PCR of dorsal root ganglia RNAs of affected dogs showed a significant decrease of both GDNF mRNA and GDNF-AS expression levels (respectively 60% and 80%), as compared to unaffected dogs. We thus performed gel shift assays (EMSA) that reveal that the canine variant significantly alters the binding of regulatory elements. Altogether, these results allowed the identification in dogs of GDNF as a relevant candidate for human HSAN and insensitivity to pain, but also shed light on the regulation of GDNF transcription. Finally, such results allow proposing these sporting dog breeds as natural models for clinical trials with a double benefit for human and veterinary medicine. In this study, we present a canine neuropathy characterized by insensitivity to pain in the feet, sometimes combined with self-mutilation described in four sporting breeds. This particular phenotype has the clinical hallmarks of human Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathies (HSAN). As we hypothesized that a monogenic recessive disorder was shared between these breeds, we performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) to search for the genetic causes and found one homozygous chromosomal region in affected dogs. High-throughput sequencing of this region allowed the identification of a point mutation upstream to the GDNF gene and located in the last exon of a long non-coding RNA, GDNF-AS. We confirmed the perfect association of this variant with the disease using more than 900 unaffected dogs that do not present with this mutation. Functional analyses (qRT-PCR, EMSA) confirmed that the mutation alters the binding of regulatory complex, leading to a significant decrease of both GDNF and GDNF-AS mRNA expression levels. This work in canine spontaneous forms of human neuropathies allowed the identification of a novel gene GDNF and its regulation mechanism, not yet described in human HSAN, opening the field of clinical trials to benefit both canine and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Plassais
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (CA); (JP)
| | - Laetitia Lagoutte
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Solenne Correard
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Manon Paradis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Benoit Hédan
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Alix Pommier
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Nadine Botherel
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - David Silversides
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maud Bizot
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Mark Samuels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Carme Arnan
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigations Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rory Johnson
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigations Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christophe Hitte
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Salbert
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Méreau
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Pascale Quignon
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Derrien
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine André
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (CA); (JP)
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Nefedova VV, Muranova LK, Sudnitsyna MV, Ryzhavskaya AS, Gusev NB. Small Heat Shock Proteins and Distal Hereditary Neuropathies. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:1734-47. [PMID: 26878578 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791513009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Classification of small heat shock proteins (sHsp) is presented and processes regulated by sHsp are described. Symptoms of hereditary distal neuropathy are described and the genes whose mutations are associated with development of this congenital disease are listed. The literature data and our own results concerning physicochemical properties of HspB1 mutants associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are analyzed. Mutations of HspB1, associated with hereditary motor neuron disease, can be accompanied by change of the size of HspB1 oligomers, by decreased stability under unfavorable conditions, by changes in the interaction with protein partners, and as a rule by decrease of chaperone-like activity. The largest part of these mutations is accompanied by change of oligomer stability (that can be either increased or decreased) or by change of intermonomer interaction inside an oligomer. Data on point mutation of HspB3 associated with axonal neuropathy are presented. Data concerning point mutations of Lys141 of HspB8 and those associated with hereditary neuropathy and different forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are analyzed. It is supposed that point mutations of sHsp associated with distal neuropathies lead either to loss of function (for instance, decrease of chaperone-like activity) or to gain of harmful functions (for instance, increase of interaction with certain protein partners).
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Nefedova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Tsai PC, Yang DM, Liao YC, Chiu TY, Kuo HC, Su YP, Guo YC, Soong BW, Lin KP, Liu YT, Lee YC. Clinical and biophysical characterization of 19 GJB1 mutations. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:854-865. [PMID: 27844031 PMCID: PMC5099531 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type X1 (CMTX1), which is caused by mutations in the gap junction (GJ) protein beta‐1 gene (GJB1), is the second most common form of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT). GJB1 encodes the GJ beta‐1 protein (GJB1), which forms GJs within the myelin sheaths of peripheral nerves. The process by which GJB1 mutants cause neuropathy has not been fully elucidated. This study evaluated the biophysical characteristics of GJB1 mutants and their correlations with the clinical features of CMTX1 patients. Methods All patients with a validated GJB1 mutation were assessed using the Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease neuropathy score version 2 (CMTNS). The impacts of the mutations on the biophysical functions of GJB1 were characterized by assessing intracellular localization, expression patterns, and GJ Ca2+ permeability. Result Nineteen GJB1 mutations were identified in 24 patients with a clinical diagnosis of CMT. Six are novel mutations: p.L6S, p.I20F, p.I101Rfs*8, p.F153L, p.R215P, and p.D278V. Diverse pathological effects of the mutations were demonstrated, including reduced GJB1 expression, intracellular mislocalization, and altered GJ functions. GJB1 mutations that caused a complete loss of GJ Ca2+ permeability appeared to be associated with an earlier disease onset, whereas those resulting in preservation of GJ permeability and with predominant cell membrane expression tended to have a later onset and a milder phenotype. Interpretation This study demonstrated that the degree of loss of GJ function caused by the GJB1 mutations might contribute to the onset and severity of neuropathic symptoms in CMTX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Department of Neurology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 11221 Taiwan; Brain Research Center National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - De-Ming Yang
- Microscopy Service Laboratory Basic Research Division Department of Medical Research and Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics School of Medical Technology & Engineering; Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC) National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11212 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Department of Neurology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yu Chiu
- Microscopy Service Laboratory Basic Research Division Department of Medical Research and Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics School of Medical Technology & Engineering; Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC) National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11212 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chou Kuo
- Department of Neurology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry Cathay General Hospital Taipei 10687 Taiwan; School of Medicine Fu-Jen Catholic University Taipei 24205 Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Cherng Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11221 Taiwan; Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Neurology China Medical University Hospital Taichung 40447 Taiwan; School of Medicine College of Medicine China Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan
| | - Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Department of Neurology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 11221 Taiwan; Brain Research Center National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Kon-Ping Lin
- Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Department of Neurology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Department of Neurology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 11221 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 11217 Taiwan; Department of Neurology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 11221 Taiwan; Brain Research Center National Yang-Ming University Taipei 11221 Taiwan
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Multidisciplinary assessment of congenital insensitivity to pain syndrome. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:1741-4. [PMID: 27000762 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare clinical condition characterized by the absence of normal subjective and objective responses to noxious stimuli in patients with intact central and peripheral nervous systems. CASE PRESENTATIONS Two patients with CIPA are reported. The first patient was a 13-year-old girl who presented to our hospital with multiple joint destructions secondary to osteomyelitis. The second patient was a 10-year-old boy who presented with multiple hand lesions and right leg osteomyelitis. Our patients were treated with multiple debridements and intravenous antibiotics according to our hospital protocol. CONCLUSION Early recognition of the disease is important. The treatment for this condition is focused more on the prevention of bone injuries and joint infection, as opposed to a cure. There are no standard techniques or guidelines available to treat this rare disease. Overall, effective CIPA treatment is built around family education and patient training.
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Use of engineered Schwann cells in peripheral neuropathy: Hopes and hazards. Brain Res 2016; 1638:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zhou Y, Notterpek L. Promoting peripheral myelin repair. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:573-80. [PMID: 27079997 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nerves have a remarkable ability to regenerate and remyelinate. This regenerative capacity to a large extent is dependent on and supported by Schwann cells, the myelin-forming glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In a variety of paradigms, Schwann cells are critical in the removal of the degenerated tissue, which is followed by remyelination of newly-regenerated axons. This unique plasticity of Schwann cells has been the target of myelin repair strategies in acute injuries and chronic diseases, such as hereditary demyelinating neuropathies. In one approach, the endogenous regenerative capacity of Schwann cells is enhanced through interventions such as exercise, electrical stimulation or pharmacological means. Alternatively, Schwann cells derived from healthy nerves, or engineered from different tissue sources have been transplanted into the PNS to support remyelination. These transplant approaches can then be further enhanced by exercise and/or electrical stimulation, as well as by the inclusion of biomaterial engineered to support glial cell viability and neurite extension. Advances in our basic understanding of peripheral nerve biology, as well as biomaterial engineering, will further improve the functional repair of myelinated peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Lucia Notterpek
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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Corrado B, Ciardi G, Bargigli C. Rehabilitation Management of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3278. [PMID: 27124017 PMCID: PMC4998680 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) causes significant muscular deficits in the affected patients, restricts daily activities (ADL), and involves a severe disability. Although the conservative intervention is the only treatment for the disease, there is no scientific evidence so far on rehabilitation treatment. Objectives of the review are: research the best literary evidence so far on the rehabilitation treatment of CMT; critically analyze the outcome, to build an evidence-based work protocol.A systematic review of the rehabilitation of a patient with CMT, including the results from the following databases: Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Pedro, Cinahl, Ebsco discovery. Criteria for inclusion: randomized/controlled studies, analytic studies, transversal studies on a cohort of at least 10 individuals; medium/long-term report of the results.Eleven studies in total have been admitted to the final review phase; trials about physiotherapy CMT treatment (5), about orthosis treatment (6). Despite the wide range of outcomes and proposed interventions, the data points to the following: strength or endurance trainings improve functionality and ADLs of affected patients, while orthotic role is, at the moment, not completely clear.Physiotherapy treatment is a useful tool to manage CMT; more studies on a larger number of cases are needed to define orthosis utility and to establish the gold standard of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Corrado
- From the Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II (BC, GC, CB), Naples, Italy
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Groh J, Basu R, Stanley ER, Martini R. Cell-Surface and Secreted Isoforms of CSF-1 Exert Opposing Roles in Macrophage-Mediated Neural Damage in Cx32-Deficient Mice. J Neurosci 2016; 36:1890-901. [PMID: 26865613 PMCID: PMC4748074 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3427-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in myelin-mutant mouse models of the inherited and incurable nerve disorder, Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy, have demonstrated that low-grade secondary inflammation implicating phagocytosing macrophages amplifies demyelination, Schwann cell dedifferentiation and perturbation of axons. The cytokine colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) acts as an important regulator of these macrophage-related disease mechanisms, as genetic and pharmacologic approaches to block the CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling result in a significant alleviation of pathological alterations in mutant peripheral nerves. In mouse models of CMT1A and CMT1X, as well as in human biopsies, CSF-1 is predominantly expressed by endoneurial fibroblasts, which are closely associated with macrophages, suggesting local stimulatory mechanisms. Here we investigated the impact of cell-surface and secreted isoforms of CSF-1 on macrophage-related disease in connexin32-deficient (Cx32def) mice, a mouse model of CMT1X. Our present observations suggest that the secreted proteoglycan isoform (spCSF-1) is predominantly expressed by fibroblasts, whereas the membrane-spanning cell-surface isoform (csCSF-1) is expressed by macrophages. Using crossbreeding approaches to selectively restore or overexpress distinct isoforms in CSF-1-deficient (osteopetrotic) Cx32def mice, we demonstrate that both isoforms equally regulate macrophage numbers dose-dependently. However, spCSF-1 mediates macrophage activation and macrophage-related neural damage, whereas csCSF-1 inhibits macrophage activation and attenuates neuropathy. These results further corroborate the important role of secondary inflammation in mouse models of CMT1 and might identify specific targets for therapeutic approaches to modulate innate immune reactions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mouse models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy have indicated that low-grade secondary inflammation involving phagocytosing macrophages amplifies demyelination, Schwann cell dedifferentiation, and perturbation of axons. The recruitment and pathogenic activation of detrimental macrophages is regulated by CSF-1, a cytokine that is mostly expressed by fibroblasts in the diseased nerve and exists in three isoforms. We show that the cell-surface and secreted isoforms of CSF-1 have opposing effects on macrophage activation and disease progression in a mouse model of CMT1X. These insights into opposing functions of disease-modulating cytokine isoforms might enable the development of specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Groh
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany, and
| | - Ranu Basu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Rudolf Martini
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany, and
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Sporadic hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies: Advances in the diagnosis using next generation sequencing technology. J Neurol Sci 2015; 359:409-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Klein D, Martini R. Myelin and macrophages in the PNS: An intimate relationship in trauma and disease. Brain Res 2015; 1641:130-138. [PMID: 26631844 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages of the peripheral nervous system belong to the so-called tissue macrophages, with multiple functions during injury and disease. Their origin during ontogeny has not yet been completely resolved, but it is clear that upon injury and disease conditions, they are supplemented by hematopoietic derivatives. In the peripheral nervous system, the most abundantly investigated scenario in which resident and infiltrating macrophages are involved is the so-called "Wallerian degeneration", a complex degenerative process where macrophages exhibit mostly beneficial functions by phagocytosing myelin and axonal remnants. Of special interest is the implication of macrophages in inflammatory nerve diseases, like acute Guillain-Barré syndromes and its permanent variant, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, where macrophages are supposed to be substantial (co-)mediators of the diseases. In inherited peripheral neuropathies nerve macrophages possess a clear disease-amplifying function. In the corresponding animal models, a coordinated interplay between mutant Schwann cells, macrophages, endoneurial fibroblasts and the target structure, myelin, emerged. Along this process, a newly discovered disease mechanism mediated by macrophages is the dedifferentiation of myelinating Schwann cells. As macrophages are amplifiers of the genetically-mediated, non-curable diseases, targeting the mechanisms of their activation might be a promising strategy to treat these disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Myelin Evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Klein
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, Josef-Schneider Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Martini
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, Josef-Schneider Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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