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Liu T, Li Q, Jin Q, Yang L, Mao H, Qu P, Guo J, Zhang B, Ma F, Wang Y, Peng L, Li P, Zhan Y. Targeting HMGB1: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:5020-5035. [PMID: 37781525 PMCID: PMC10539693 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.87964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is a member of a highly conserved high-mobility group protein present in all cell types. HMGB1 plays multiple roles both inside and outside the cell, depending on its subcellular localization, context, and post-translational modifications. HMGB1 is also associated with the progression of various diseases. Particularly, HMGB1 plays a critical role in CKD progression and prognosis. HMGB1 participates in multiple key events in CKD progression by activating downstream signals, including renal inflammation, the onset of persistent fibrosis, renal aging, AKI-to-CKD transition, and important cardiovascular complications. More importantly, HMGB1 plays a distinct role in the chronic pathophysiology of kidney disease, which differs from that in acute lesions. This review describes the regulatory role of HMGB1 in renal homeostasis and summarizes how HMGB1 affects CKD progression and prognosis. Finally, some promising therapeutic strategies for the targeted inhibition of HMGB1 in improving CKD are summarized. Although the application of HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in CKD faces some challenges, a more in-depth understanding of the intracellular and extracellular regulatory mechanisms of HMGB1 that underly the occurrence and progression of CKD might render HMGB1 an attractive therapeutic target for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Qu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Peng
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Crocker CE, Sharmeen R, Tran TT, Khan AM, Li W, Alcorn JL. Surfactant protein a attenuates generalized and localized neuroinflammation in neonatal mice. Brain Res 2023; 1807:148308. [PMID: 36871846 PMCID: PMC10065943 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) has important roles in innate immunity and modulation of pulmonary and extrapulmonary inflammation. Given SP-A has been detected in rat and human brain, we sought to determine if SP-A has a role in modulating inflammation in the neonatal mouse brain. Neonatal wildtype (WT) and SP-A-deficient (SP-A-/-) mice were subjected to three models of brain inflammation: systemic sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Following each intervention, RNA was isolated from brain tissue and expression of cytokine and SP-A mRNA was determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis. In the sepsis model, expression of most cytokine mRNAs was significantly increased in brains of WT and SP-A-/- mice with significantly greater expression of all cytokine mRNA levels in SP-A-/- mice compared to WT. In the IVH model, expression of all cytokine mRNAs was significantly increased in WT and SP-A-/- mice and levels of most cytokine mRNAs were significantly increased in SP-A-/- mice compared to WT. In the HIE model, only TNF-α mRNA levels were significantly increased in WT brain tissue while all pro-inflammtory cytokine mRNAs were significantly increased in SP-A-/- mice, and all pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels were significantly higher in SP-A-/- mice compared to WT. SP-A mRNA was not detectable in brain tissue of adult WT mice nor in WT neonates subjected to these models. These results suggest that SP-A-/- neonatal mice subjected to models of neuroinflammation are more susceptible to both generalized and localized neuroinflammation compared to WT mice, thus supporting the hypothesis that SP-A attenuates inflammation in neonatal mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Crocker
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Romana Sharmeen
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thu T Tran
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amir M Khan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph L Alcorn
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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3
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Chen X, Guo J, Mahmoud S, Vanga G, Liu T, Xu W, Xiong Y, Xiong W, Abdel-Razek O, Wang G. Regulatory roles of SP-A and exosomes in pneumonia-induced acute lung and kidney injuries. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188023. [PMID: 37256132 PMCID: PMC10225506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pneumonia-induced sepsis can cause multiple organ dysfunction including acute lung and kidney injury (ALI and AKI). Surfactant protein A (SP-A), a critical innate immune molecule, is expressed in the lung and kidney. Extracellular vesicles like exosomes are involved in the processes of pathophysiology. Here we tested one hypothesis that SP-A regulates pneumonia-induced AKI through the modulation of exosomes and cell death. Methods Wild-type (WT), SP-A knockout (KO), and humanized SP-A transgenic (hTG, lung-specific SP-A expression) mice were used in this study. Results After intratracheal infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, KO mice showed increased mortality, higher injury scores, more severe inflammation in the lung and kidney, and increased serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels compared to WT and hTG mice. Infected hTG mice exhibited similar lung injury but more severe kidney injury than infected WT mice. Increased renal tubular apoptosis and pyroptosis in the kidney of KO mice were found when compared with WT and hTG mice. We found that serum exosomes from septic mice cause ALI and AKI through mediating apoptosis and proptosis when mice were injected intravenously. Furthermore, primary proximal tubular epithelial cells isolated from KO mice showed more sensitivity than those from WT mice after exposure to septic serum exosomes. Discussion Collectively, SP-A attenuates pneumonia-induced ALI and AKI by regulating inflammation, apoptosis and pyroptosis; serum exosomes are important mediators in the pathogenesis of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Chen
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junping Guo
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Salma Mahmoud
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Gautam Vanga
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Wanwen Xu
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Yunhe Xiong
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Weichuan Xiong
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Osama Abdel-Razek
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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Liu X, Lu F, Chen X. Examination of the role of necroptotic damage-associated molecular patterns in tissue fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886374. [PMID: 36110858 PMCID: PMC9468929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as the abnormal and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which leads to tissue or organ dysfunction and failure. However, the pathological mechanisms underlying fibrosis remain unclear. The inflammatory response induced by tissue injury is closely associated with tissue fibrosis. Recently, an increasing number of studies have linked necroptosis to inflammation and fibrosis. Necroptosis is a type of preprogrammed death caused by death receptors, interferons, Toll-like receptors, intracellular RNA and DNA sensors, and other mediators. These activate receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1, which recruits and phosphorylates RIPK3. RIPK3 then phosphorylates a mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein and causes its oligomerization, leading to rapid plasma membrane permeabilization, the release of cellular contents, and exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs, as inflammatory mediators, are involved in the loss of balance between extensive inflammation and tissue regeneration, leading to remodeling, the hallmark of fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the role of necroptotic DAMPs in tissue fibrosis and highlight the inflammatory responses induced by DAMPs in tissue ECM remodeling. By summarizing the existing literature on this topic, we underscore the gaps in the current research, providing a framework for future investigations into the relationship among necroptosis, DAMPs, and fibrosis, as well as a reference for later transformation into clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Lu
- *Correspondence: Feng Lu, ; Xihang Chen,
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Han L, Zou Y, Yu C. Targeting CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 20 by miR-143-5p alleviate lead poisoning-induced renal fibrosis by regulating interstitial fibroblasts excessive proliferation and dysfunction. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11156-11168. [PMID: 35485286 PMCID: PMC9208521 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental lead contamination can cause chronic renal disease with a common clinical manifestation of renal fibrosis and constitutes a major global public health threat. Aberrant proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in renal interstitial fibroblasts are key pathological causes of renal fibrosis. However, the mechanism underlying lead-induced kidney fibrosis remains unclear. The present study analyzed gene expression prolifes in lead acetate-treated primary mice renal interstitial fibroblasts and confirmed the aberrant expression of CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 20, one of the most obvious up-regulated genes. Analogously, lead acetate exposure dose-dependently increased CCL20 transcription, protein expression and release. Knockdown of CCL20 suppressed lead acetate-induced fibroblast proliferation, hydroxyproline contents, transforming growth factor-beta production and ECM-related protein (Collagen I and fibronectin) expression. Bioinformatics analysis predicted five top miRNAs targeting CCL20. Among them, miR-143-5p expression was dose-dependently decreased in lead acetate-treated fibroblasts. Mechanistically, miR-143-5p directly targeted CCL20. Elevation of miR-143-5p antagonized lead acetate-induced fibroblast proliferation, hydroxyproline and ECM-related protein expression, which were reversed by CCL20 overexpression. Additionally, CCL20 knockdown suppressed lead acetate-mediated Smad2/3 and AKT pathway activation. Notably, miR-143-5p overexpression attenuated the activation of the Smad2/3 and AKT pathway in lead acetate-exposed fibroblasts, which was counteracted by CCL20 elevation. miR-143-5p injection ameliorated renal fibrosis progression in mice in vivo. Thus, targeting CCL20 by miR-143-5p could alleviate renal fibrosis progression by regulating fibroblast proliferation and ECM deposition via the Smad2/3 and AKT signaling, providing a potential therapeutic target for environmental lead contamination-evoked fibrotic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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6
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GSDME-mediated pyroptosis promotes inflammation and fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2333-2350. [PMID: 33664482 PMCID: PMC8329275 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular cell (RTC) death and inflammation contribute to the progression of obstructive nephropathy, but its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that Gasdermin E (GSDME) expression level and GSDME-N domain generation determined the RTC fate response to TNFα under the condition of oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation. Deletion of Caspase-3 (Casp3) or Gsdme alleviated renal tubule damage and inflammation and finally prevented the development of hydronephrosis and kidney fibrosis after ureteral obstruction. Using bone marrow transplantation and cell type-specific Casp3 knockout mice, we demonstrated that Casp3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in renal parenchymal cells, but not in hematopoietic cells, played predominant roles in this process. We further showed that HMGB1 released from pyroptotic RTCs amplified inflammatory responses, which critically contributed to renal fibrogenesis. Specific deletion of Hmgb1 in RTCs alleviated caspase11 and IL-1β activation in macrophages. Collectively, our results uncovered that TNFα/Casp3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis is responsible for the initiation of ureteral obstruction-induced renal tubule injury, which subsequentially contributes to the late-stage progression of hydronephrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. This novel mechanism will provide valuable therapeutic insights for the treatment of obstructive nephropathy.
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7
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Ran R, Cai D, King SD, Que X, Bath JM, Chen SY. Surfactant Protein A, a Novel Regulator for Smooth Muscle Phenotypic Modulation and Vascular Remodeling-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:808-814. [PMID: 33267655 PMCID: PMC8105259 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine the role of SPA (surfactant protein A) in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling. Approach and Results: PDGF-BB (Platelet-derived growth factor-BB) and serum induced SPA expression while downregulating SMC marker gene expression in SMCs. SPA deficiency increased the contractile protein expression. Mechanistically, SPA deficiency enhanced the expression of myocardin and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β, the key regulators for contractile SMC phenotype. In vivo, SPA was induced in medial and neointimal SMCs following mechanical injury in both rat and mouse carotid arteries. SPA knockout in mice dramatically attenuated the wire injury-induced intimal hyperplasia while restoring SMC contractile protein expression in medial SMCs. These data indicate that SPA plays an important role in SMC phenotype modulation and vascular remodeling in vivo. CONCLUSIONS SPA is a novel protein factor modulating SMC phenotype. Blocking the abnormal elevation of SPA may be a potential strategy to inhibit the development of proliferative vascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Carotid Arteries/drug effects
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hyperplasia
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/genetics
- Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ran
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Dunpeng Cai
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Skylar D. King
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Xingyi Que
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Jonathan M. Bath
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
- The Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
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8
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Wyczanska M, Lange-Sperandio B. DAMPs in Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581300. [PMID: 33117389 PMCID: PMC7575708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released from tubular and interstitial cells in the kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). DAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which mediate the initiation of an immune response and the release of inflammatory cytokines. The animal model of UUO is used for various purposes. UUO in adult mice serves as a model for accelerated renal fibrosis, which is a hallmark of progressive renal disease. UUO in adult mice enables to study cell death, inflammation, and extracellular matrix deposition in the kidney. Neonatal UUO is a model for congenital obstructive nephropathies. It studies inflammation, apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis in the neonatal kidney, when nephrogenesis is still ongoing. Following UUO, several DAMPs as well as DAMP receptors are upregulated. In adult UUO, soluble uric acid is upregulated and activates the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which promotes fibrosis, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) injury. Further DAMPs associated with UUO are uromodulin, members of the IL-1 family, and necrotic cell DNA, all of which promote sterile inflammation. In neonatal UUO, the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is highly upregulated. RAGE is a ligand for several DAMPs, including high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and S100 proteins, which play an important role in renal fibrosis. Additionally, necroptosis is an important mechanism of cell death, besides apoptosis, in neonatal UUO. It is highly inflammatory due to release of cytokines and specific DAMPs. The release and recognition of DAMPs initiate sterile inflammation, which makes them good candidates to develop and improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in renal fibrosis and congenital obstructive nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Wyczanska
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bärbel Lange-Sperandio
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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9
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Zhao Z, Hu Z, Zeng R, Yao Y. HMGB1 in kidney diseases. Life Sci 2020; 259:118203. [PMID: 32781069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nucleoprotein involving in numerous biological processes, and well known to trigger immune responses as the damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in the extracellular environment. The role of HMGB1 is distinct due to its multiple functions in different subcellular location. In the nucleus, HMGB1 acts as a chaperone to regulate DNA events including DNA replication, repair and nucleosome stability. While in the cytoplasm, it is engaged in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. A great deal of research has explored its function in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. This review mainly focuses on the role of HMGB1 and summarizes the pathway and treatment targeting HMGB1 in the various renal diseases which may open the windows of opportunities for the development of desirable therapeutic ends in these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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10
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King SD, Chen SY. Recent progress on surfactant protein A: cellular function in lung and kidney disease development. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C316-C320. [PMID: 32639871 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00195.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a heterogeneous active surface complex made up of lipids and proteins. The major glycoprotein in surfactant is surfactant protein A (SP-A), which is released into the alveolar lumen from cytoplasmic lamellar bodies in type II alveolar epithelial cells. SP-A is involved in phospholipid absorption. SP-A together with other surfactant proteins and phospholipids prevent alveolar collapse during respiration by decreasing the surface tension of the air-liquid interface. Additionally, SP-A interacts with pathogens to prevent their propagation and regulate host immune responses. Studies in human and animal models have shown that deficiencies or mutations in surfactant components result in various lung or kidney pathologies, suggesting a role for SP-A in the development of lung and kidney diseases. In this mini-review, we discuss the current understanding of SP-A functions, recent findings of its dysfunction in specific lung and kidney pathologies, and how SP-A has been used as a biomarker to detect the outcome of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar D King
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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11
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Hao J, Zhao X, Yu W, Huang X, Huang Y. Surfactant protein A induces the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis through binding to calreticulin. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:459-464. [PMID: 30651822 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a significant characteristic of chronic kidney diseases. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a recently identified fibrosis-associated factor in lung fibrosis; however, whether SP-A has the same role in renal fibrosis has remained elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of SP-A and its receptor calreticulin (CRT) in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. The HK-2 human tubular epithelial cell line was cultured and treated with SP-A and SP-A + anti-CRT. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 30, 60 and 120 min was examined. Furthermore, cell apoptosis was assessed using an Annexin V assay and the expression of various proteins was measured using western blot analysis. In addition, the cell culture supernatants were collected and the expression of type I collagen was examined using ELISA. Compared with the control group, SP-A treatment significantly increased the ROS production, type I collagen secretion and cell apoptosis, which was partially inhibited by addition of anti-CRT. Furthermore, downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and -9 as well as upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 indicated that SP-A treatment increased the degree of fibrosis in HK-2 cells, while addition of anti-CRT alleviated the fibrotic conditions. Finally, SP-A treatment significantly increased the expression of phosphorylated (p)-p38, p-p-65 and NADPH oxidase 2, which was partially inhibited by addition of anti-CRT. In conclusion, SP-A may participate in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis through binding to CRT and activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB-associated oxidative stress signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Yirong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
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12
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Bhatti F, Kung JW, Vieira F. Retinal degeneration mutation in Sftpa1tm1Kor/J and Sftpd -/- targeted mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199824. [PMID: 29969487 PMCID: PMC6029784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins are important collectin immune molecules with a wide distribution throughout the body, including the ocular system. Mice with gene deletions for the surfactant protein genes Sftpa1 and Sftpd were observed to have visual impairment and thinning of the outer nuclear layers of the retina. We hypothesized that gene deletion of Sftpa1 and Sftpd (Sftpa1tm1Kor/J and Sftpd-/-) results in early retinal degeneration in these mice. Sftpa1tm1Kor/J and Sftpd-/- retinas were evaluated by histopathology and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Retinas from Sftpa1tm1Kor/J and Sftpd -/- mice showed early retinal degeneration with loss of the outer nuclear layer. After screening of mice for known retinal degeneration mutations, the mice were found to carry a previously unrecognized Pde6brd1 genotype which resulted from earlier breeding of the strain with Black Swiss mice during their generation. The mutation was outbred and the genotype of Sftpa1tm1Kor/J and Sftpd-/- was confirmed. Outbreeding of the Pde6brd1 mutation resulted in restoration of normal retinal architecture confirmed by in vivo and in vitro examination. We can therefore conclude that loss of Sftpa1 and Sftpd do not result in retinal degeneration. We have now generated retinal Sftpa1 and Sftpd targeted mice that exhibit normal retinal histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Bhatti
- Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology and Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Johannes W. Kung
- Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Frederico Vieira
- Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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Jiang L, Qin Y, Lei F, Chen X, Zhou Z. Retinoic acid receptors α and γ are involved in antioxidative protection in renal tubular epithelial cells injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:873-885. [PMID: 29096559 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1387655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a common outcome in various chronic kidney diseases. Injury to renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) is major link in RIF. Hypoxia is one of the common factors for RTEC damage. Retinoic acid receptors (RARs), RARα, RARβ and RARγ, are evolutionary conserved and pleiotropic proteins that have been involved in various cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and transcription. Recently, we discovered that aberrant expression of RARs was involved in the development of RIF in rats. Here, we investigated the role of RARs in the hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) damage model in RTEC with virus-based delivery vectors to knockdown or overexpress RARs. Relevant indicators were detected. Our results showed that HR inhibited RARα and RARγ expressions in a time-dependent manner in RTECs; however, the expression of RARβ was not changed obviously. RARα and RARγ overexpression could protect cells from oxidative stress-induced injury by inhibiting HR-induced intracellular superoxide anion (O2-) generation, cell viability and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) decrease and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) expression and promoting endogenous antioxidant defense components, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Meanwhile, inhibition of RARα and RARγ expressions by small interference RNAs (siRNA) resulted in a less resistance of RTEC to HR as shown in increased O2- production and TGF-β1 expression and decreased cell viability, MMP, SOD and GSH levels. These data indicates that RARα and RARγ act as positive regulators to offset oxidative damage and profibrosis cytokine accumulation and therefore has an antioxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , PR China
| | - Yuanhan Qin
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , PR China
| | - Fengying Lei
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , PR China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , PR China
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Collectins in urinary tract and kidney diseases. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 50:695-703. [PMID: 29071557 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system serves as the frontline defense against invading pathogens and initiates an inflammatory response to microorganisms. Collectins are C-type lectins that are structurally characterized by a collagen-like sequence and a carbohydrate recognition domain. Moreover, they are widely expressed throughout the body and are involved in the innate immunity against a variety of pathogens, regulating inflammation, and protecting the lungs from pathogens. Recently, two classical collectins, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D), as well as novel collectin 11, were found present in urinary tract tissues. They are increasingly recognized as key players in activating the humoral arm of innate immunity and host defense in urinary tract and kidney diseases, although their biological features, functions, and mechanisms in this regard remain largely unclear. In this review, we aim to integrate results reported by ourselves and others to summarize and gain a better understanding of the functions of collectins (SP-A, SP-D, and collectin 11) in urinary tract and kidney diseases.
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