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Cota-Magaña AI, Vazquez-Moreno M, Rocha-Aguado A, Ángeles-Mejía S, Valladares-Salgado A, Díaz-Flores M, López-Díazguerrero NE, Cruz M. Obesity Is Associated with Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Mexican Children. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:457. [PMID: 38671905 PMCID: PMC11047352 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between metabolic disorders and oxidative stress is still controversial in the child population. The present cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the associations between obesity, cardiometabolic traits, serum level of carbonylated proteins (CPs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the enzyme activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in children from Mexico City (normal weight: 120; obesity: 81). Obesity resulted in being positively associated with CAT (β = 0.05 ± 0.01, p = 5.0 × 10-3) and GPx (β = 0.13 ± 0.01, p = 3.7 × 10-19) enzyme activity. A significant interaction between obesity and sex was observed in MDA and SOD enzymatic activity (PMDA = 0.03; PSOD = 0.04). The associations between obesity, MDA level, and SOD enzyme activity were only significant in boys (boys: PMDA = 3.0 × 10-3; PSOD = 7.0 × 10-3; girls: p ≥ 0.79). In both children with normal weight and those with obesity, CP levels were positively associated with SOD enzyme activity (PNormal-weight = 2.2 × 10-3; PObesity = 0.03). In conclusion, in Mexican children, obesity is positively associated with CAT and GPx enzyme activity, and its associations with MDA levels and SOD enzyme activity are sex-specific. Therefore, CP level is positively related to SOD enzyme activity independently of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Cota-Magaña
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.I.C.-M.); (M.V.-M.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Miguel Vazquez-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.I.C.-M.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Andrés Rocha-Aguado
- OOAD Ciudad de México Norte, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 23, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 07070, Mexico
| | - Selene Ángeles-Mejía
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.I.C.-M.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Adán Valladares-Salgado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.I.C.-M.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Margarita Díaz-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.I.C.-M.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Norma Edith López-Díazguerrero
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.I.C.-M.); (M.V.-M.)
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De Santis S, Crupi P, Piacente L, Mestice A, Colabufo NA, Amodio L, Pontrelli P, Gesualdo L, Moschetta A, Clodoveo ML, Faienza MF, Corbo F. Extra virgin olive oil extract rich in secoiridoids induces an anti-inflammatory profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from obese children. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1017090. [PMID: 36386923 PMCID: PMC9643887 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1017090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents an important public health challenge of the twenty first century reaching epidemic proportions worldwide; this is especially true for the pediatric population. In this context, bioactive compounds from foods are crucial to counteract chronic inflammation as a typical feature of obesity. In particular, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the most important functional foods exerting, among others, an anti-inflammatory activity not only due to its major (monounsaturated fatty acids) but also to its minor (phenolics) components, as reported in the last years. However, only a limited number of studies were performed on pediatric population, and even fewer are those focusing on EVOO phenolics that investigate the correlation of the chemical characterization with the biological function. Thus, starting from our in vitro data identifying an EVOO chemical profile characterized by a high content of secoiridoids correlating with an anti-inflammatory effect, we studied the ability of an EVOO extract with the same chemical profile to retain this function ex vivo. Specifically, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from obese children were treated with EVOO and olive oil extracts, characterized by a low polyphenol content, to study the ability of secoiridoids to dampen the inflammatory response. A reduction of pro-inflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocytes was detected by cytofluorimetric analysis when PBMCs were treated with EVOO as compared to olive oil extracts. According to this, a down modulation of CCL2 and CCL4 chemokines involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, was reported in the supernatants of EVOO relative to olive oil extracts treated PBMCs. Moreover, a high-throughput gene expression analysis revealed that PBMCs molecular profile from obese children is greatly modulated after the treatment with EVOO extract in terms of metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Importantly, some of the significantly modulated genes were involved in the pathways promoting the development of severe obesity. Overall, our ex vivo data demonstrated the ability of EVOO to reduce the inflammatory milieu of PBMCs from obese children both at protein and molecular levels. Of note, a good correlation between the EVOO chemical profile and the biological modulations in terms of anti-inflammatory activity was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania De Santis,
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Piacente
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Mestice
- Hematology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Biofordrug, Laboratory for Clinical and Chemical Analyses, Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Amodio
- Biofordrug, Laboratory for Clinical and Chemical Analyses, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Non-Photic Zeitgebers and Circadian Clock Synchronizers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012162. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) are well-known for their actions on immune/inflammatory and neurological pathways, functions that are also under circadian clock regulation. The daily photoperiod represents the primary circadian synchronizer (‘zeitgeber’), although diverse studies have pointed towards an influence of dietary FAs on the biological clock. A comprehensive literature review was conducted following predefined selection criteria with the aim of updating the evidence on the molecular mechanisms behind circadian rhythm regulation by ω-3 FAs. We collected preclinical and clinical studies, systematic reviews, and metanalyses focused on the effect of ω-3 FAs on circadian rhythms. Twenty animal (conducted on rodents and piglets) and human trials and one observational study providing evidence on the regulation of neurological, inflammatory/immune, metabolic, reproductive, cardiovascular, and biochemical processes by ω-3 FAs via clock genes were discussed. The evidence suggests that ω-3 FAs may serve as non-photic zeitgebers and prove therapeutically beneficial for circadian disruption-related pathologies. Future work should focus on the role of clock genes as a target for the therapeutic use of ω-3 FAs in inflammatory and neurological disorders, as well as on the bidirectional association between the molecular clock and ω-3 FAs.
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See JRC, Amos D, Wright J, Lamendella R, Santanam N. Synergistic effects of exercise and catalase overexpression on gut microbiome. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4220-4235. [PMID: 34270161 PMCID: PMC8761204 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise influences metabolic parameters in part by modulating redox stress and as recently suggested, by affecting the gut microbiome. However, whether excess endogenous antioxidant potentiates or interferes with the beneficial effects of exercise on the gut microbiome is not known. A comparison of the gut microbiome of C57Bl6 (C57/WT) mice to the 'stress-less' catalase overexpressing mice models ([Tg(CAT)± ] and Bob-Cat), that were either exercised or remained sedentary, showed differences in both alpha and beta diversity. The significant variation was explained by genotypes along with exercise, suggesting a synergistic relationship between exercise and genotypic traits. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis also revealed differential taxa within the exercised/genotype cohorts in contrast to those within sedentary/genotype cohorts. Functional pathway predictions from PICRUSt2 showed enrichment for the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids, butanoate and propanoate pathways in exercised groups. Spearman correlations between enriched taxa and metabolic parameters showed correlations with body or fat weight in some of the cohorts. However, there were significant correlations of differential taxa among all cohorts against parameters that predict energy metabolism, such as respiratory exchange ratio and energy expenditure. Overall, our study showed that there was a synergistic beneficial influence of antioxidant overexpression and exercise on the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Amos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School
of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Justin Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Juniata College,
Huntingdon, PA
| | | | - Nalini Santanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School
of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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Dutta RK, Lee JN, Maharjan Y, Park C, Choe SK, Ho YS, Park R. Catalase deficiency facilitates the shuttling of free fatty acid to brown adipose tissue through lipolysis mediated by ROS during sustained fasting. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:201. [PMID: 34876210 PMCID: PMC8650429 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acids (FA) derived from adipose tissue and liver serve as the main fuel in thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Catalase, a peroxisomal enzyme, plays an important role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis by decomposing hydrogen peroxide to either water or oxygen that oxidize and provide fuel for cellular metabolism. Although the antioxidant enzymatic activity of catalase is well known, its role in the metabolism and maintenance of energy homeostasis has not yet been revealed. The present study investigated the role of catalase in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis during nutrient deprivation in catalase-knockout (KO) mice. Results We found that hepatic triglyceride accumulation in KO mice decreased during sustained fasting due to lipolysis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in adipocytes. Furthermore, the free FA released from lipolysis were shuttled to BAT through the activation of CD36 and catabolized by lipoprotein lipase in KO mice during sustained fasting. Although the exact mechanism for the activation of the FA receptor enzyme, CD36 in BAT is still unclear, we found that ROS generation in adipocytes mediated the shuttling of FA to BAT. Conclusions Taken together, our findings uncover the novel role of catalase in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis in BAT, which may be useful in understanding metabolic dysfunction. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00710-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghbendra Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon No Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunash Maharjan
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Channy Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Shih Ho
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Kornicka-Garbowska K, Bourebaba L, Röcken M, Marycz K. Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase improves mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics, reduces oxidative stress, and enhances adipogenic differentiation potential in metabolically impaired progenitor stem cells. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:106. [PMID: 34732209 PMCID: PMC8565043 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) are implicated in the development of metabolic disorders. Yet, their role in progenitor stem cell adipogenic differentiation and modulation of mitochondrial dynamics remains elusive. METHODS In this study, we decided to investigate whether inhibition of PTP1B and LMPTP enhance adipogenic differentiation of metabolically impaired progenitor stem cells via modulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics. Cells were cultured under adipogenic conditions in the presence of PTP1B and LMPTP inhibitors, and were subjected to the analysis of the main adipogenic-related and mitochondrial-related genes using RT-qPCR. Protein levels were established with western blot while mitochondrial morphology with MicroP software. RESULTS Selective inhibitors of both PTP1B and MPTP enhanced adipogenic differentiation of metabolically impaired progenitor stem cells. We have observed enhanced expression of PPARy and adiponectin in treated cells. What is more, increased antioxidative defence and alternations in mitochondrial bioenergetics were observed. We have found that inhibition of PTP1B as well as C23 activates oxidative phosphorylation and enhances mitochondrial fusion contributing to enhanced adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The presented data provides evidence that the application of PTP1B and LMPTP inhibitors enhances adipogenesis through the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kornicka-Garbowska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B Street, A7 building, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Malin, Jesionowa 11, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B Street, A7 building, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michael Röcken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic-Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B Street, A7 building, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Malin, Jesionowa 11, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
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Investigation of acupuncture in improving sleep, cognitive and emotion based on attenuation of oxidative stress in prefrontal cortex in sleep-deprived rats. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-021-1240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Matta L, Fonseca TS, Faria CC, Lima-Junior NC, De Oliveira DF, Maciel L, Boa LF, Pierucci APTR, Ferreira ACF, Nascimento JHM, Carvalho DP, Fortunato RS. The Effect of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function of Rat White Adipose Tissue. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4593496. [PMID: 33603946 PMCID: PMC7868166 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4593496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise is characterized by an increase in physical and metabolic demand in face of physical stress. It is reported that a single exercise session induces physiological responses through redox signaling to increase cellular function and energy support in diverse organs. However, little is known about the effect of a single bout of exercise on the redox homeostasis and cytoprotective gene expression of white adipose tissue (WAT). Thus, we aimed at evaluating the effects of acute aerobic exercise on WAT redox homeostasis, mitochondrial metabolism, and cytoprotective genic response. Male Wistar rats were submitted to a single moderate-high running session (treadmill) and were divided into five groups: control (CTRL, without exercise), and euthanized immediately (0 h), 30 min, 1 hour, or 2 hours after the end of the exercise session. NADPH oxidase activity was higher in 0 h and 30 min groups when compared to CTRL group. Extramitochondrial ROS production was higher in 0 h group in comparison to CTRL and 2 h groups. Mitochondrial respiration in phosphorylative state increased in 0 h group when compared to CTRL, 30 min, 1, and 2 h groups. On the other hand, mitochondrial ATP production was lower in 0 h in comparison to 30 min group, increasing in 1 and 2 h groups when compared to CTRL and 0 h groups. CAT activity was lower in all exercised groups when compared to CTRL. Regarding oxidative stress biomarkers, we observed a decrease in reduced thiol content in 0 h group compared to CTRL and 2 h groups, and higher levels of protein carbonylation in 0 and 30 min groups in comparison to the other groups. The levels returned to basal condition in 2 h group. Furthermore, aerobic exercise increased NRF2, GPX2, HMOX1, SOD1, and CAT mRNA levels. Taken together, our results suggest that one session of aerobic exercise can induce a transient prooxidative state in WAT, followed by an increase in antioxidant and cytoprotective gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Matta
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Túlio S. Fonseca
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Caroline C. Faria
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | | | - Dahienne F. De Oliveira
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Boa
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea C. F. Ferreira
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
- NUMPEX, Duque de Caxias Campus, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José H. M. Nascimento
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Denise P. Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Fortunato
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil
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Park S, Park SY. Can antioxidants be effective therapeutics for type 2 diabetes? Yeungnam Univ J Med 2020; 38:83-94. [PMID: 33028055 PMCID: PMC8016622 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic and the growing elderly population largely contribute to the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance acts as a critical link between the present obesity pandemic and type 2 diabetes. Naturally occurring reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate intracellular signaling and are kept in balance by the antioxidant system. However, the imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant capacity causes ROS accumulation and induces oxidative stress. Oxidative stress interrupts insulin-mediated intracellular signaling pathways, as supported by studies involving genetic modification of antioxidant enzymes in experimental rodents. In addition, a close association between oxidative stress and insulin resistance has been reported in numerous human studies. However, the controversial results with the use of antioxidants in type 2 diabetes raise the question of whether oxidative stress plays a critical role in insulin resistance. In this review article, we discuss the relevance of oxidative stress to insulin resistance based on genetically modified animal models and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Park
- Department of Physiology and Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology and Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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10
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Does acupuncture response increase with the increasing dosage: A preclinical study investigating rats with sleep deprivation. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Nunes-Souza V, Dias-Júnior NM, Eleutério-Silva MA, Ferreira-Neves VP, Moura FA, Alenina N, Bader M, Rabelo LA. 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole Induces Quick and Strong Fat Loss in Mice with High Fat-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3025361. [PMID: 32351670 PMCID: PMC7174953 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3025361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing epidemic with limited effective treatments and an important risk factor for several diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ), an inhibitor of catalase and heme synthesis, in a murine model for MetS. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice with high-fat diet-induced MetS received ATZ (500 mg·kg-1·24 h-1) for 12 weeks. RESULTS The HFD group showed increased blood pressure and body weight, enhanced fat deposition accompanied by an increase in adipocyte diameter, and decreased lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT). The expression of genes related to inflammation was increased in WAT of the HFD group. Concurrently, these mice exhibited an increase in leptin, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), insulin, and glucose in plasma, coupled with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Strikingly, ATZ prevented the increase in blood pressure and the HFD-induced obesity as observed by lower body weight, WAT index, triglycerides, NEFA, and leptin in plasma. ATZ treatment also prevented the HFD-induced increase in adipocyte diameter and even induced marked atrophy and the accumulation of macrophages in this tissue. ATZ treatment also improved glucose metabolism by increasing glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, GLUT4 mRNA expression in WAT in parallel to decreased insulin levels. CONCLUSIONS In the context of HFD-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome, the fat loss induced by ATZ is probably due to heme synthesis inhibition, which blocks adipogenesis by probably decreased RevErbα activity, leading to apoptosis of adipocytes and the recruitment of macrophages. As a consequence of fat loss, ATZ elicits a beneficial systemic antiobesity effect and improves the metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Nunes-Souza
- Laboratório de Reatividade Cardiovascular, Setor de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Núcleo de Síndrome Metabólica, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências (CB), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nelson Miguel Dias-Júnior
- Laboratório de Reatividade Cardiovascular, Setor de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Núcleo de Síndrome Metabólica, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Eleutério-Silva
- Laboratório de Reatividade Cardiovascular, Setor de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Núcleo de Síndrome Metabólica, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa P Ferreira-Neves
- Laboratório de Reatividade Cardiovascular, Setor de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Núcleo de Síndrome Metabólica, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Andréa Moura
- Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Luíza A Rabelo
- Laboratório de Reatividade Cardiovascular, Setor de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Núcleo de Síndrome Metabólica, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Peroxisomal Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolism and Signaling in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153673. [PMID: 31357514 PMCID: PMC6695606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a non-radical reactive oxygen species generated during many (patho)physiological conditions, is currently universally recognized as an important mediator of redox-regulated processes. Depending on its spatiotemporal accumulation profile, this molecule may act as a signaling messenger or cause oxidative damage. The focus of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the evidence that peroxisomes, organelles best known for their role in cellular lipid metabolism, also serve as hubs in the H2O2 signaling network. We first briefly introduce the basic concepts of how H2O2 can drive cellular signaling events. Next, we outline the peroxisomal enzyme systems involved in H2O2 metabolism in mammals and reflect on how this oxidant can permeate across the organellar membrane. In addition, we provide an up-to-date overview of molecular targets and biological processes that can be affected by changes in peroxisomal H2O2 metabolism. Where possible, emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms and factors involved. From the data presented, it is clear that there are still numerous gaps in our knowledge. Therefore, gaining more insight into how peroxisomes are integrated in the cellular H2O2 signaling network is of key importance to unravel the precise role of peroxisomal H2O2 production and scavenging in normal and pathological conditions.
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Amos D, Cook C, Santanam N. Omega 3 rich diet modulates energy metabolism via GPR120-Nrf2 crosstalk in a novel antioxidant mouse model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:466-488. [PMID: 30658097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With obesity rates reaching epidemic proportions, more studies concentrated on reducing the risk and treating this epidemic are vital. Redox stress is an important metabolic regulator involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Oxygen and nitrogen-derived free radicals alter glucose and lipid homeostasis in key metabolic tissues, leading to increases in risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Oxidants derived from dietary fat differ in their metabolic regulation, with numerous studies showing benefits from a high omega 3 rich diet compared to the frequently consumed "western diet" rich in saturated fat. Omega 3 (OM3) fatty acids improve lipid profile, lower inflammation, and ameliorate insulin resistance, possibly through maintaining redox homeostasis. This study is based on the hypothesis that altering endogenous antioxidant production and/or increasing OM3 rich diet consumption will improve energy metabolism and maintain insulin sensitivity. We tested the comparative metabolic effects of a diet rich in saturated fat (HFD) and an omega 3-enriched diet (OM3) in the newly developed 'stress-less' mice model that overexpresses the endogenous antioxidant catalase. Eight weeks of dietary intervention showed that mice overexpressing endogenous catalase compared to their wild-type controls when fed an OM3 enriched diet, in contrast to HFD, activated GPR120-Nrf2 cross-talk to maintain balanced energy metabolism, normal circadian rhythm, and insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that redox regulation of GPR120/FFAR4 might be an important target in reducing risk of metabolic syndrome and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Amos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave, Huntington, WV 25755-0001, United States
| | - Carla Cook
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave, Huntington, WV 25755-0001, United States
| | - Nalini Santanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave, Huntington, WV 25755-0001, United States.
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Leptin and Leptin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Possible Link to Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5137947. [PMID: 29675134 PMCID: PMC5841044 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5137947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related sleep breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) cause intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep, a powerful trigger of oxidative stress. Obesity also leads to dramatic increases in circulating levels of leptin, a hormone produced in adipose tissue. Leptin acts in the hypothalamus to suppress food intake and increase metabolic rate. However, obese individuals are resistant to metabolic effects of leptin. Leptin also activates the sympathetic nervous system without any evidence of resistance, possibly because these effects occur peripherally without a need to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. IH is a potent stimulator of leptin expression and release from adipose tissue. Hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance may upregulate generation of reactive oxygen species, increasing oxidative stress and promoting inflammation. The current review summarizes recent data on a possible link between leptin and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of sleep breathing disorders.
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