1
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Oner C, Dogan B, Tuzun S, Ekinci A, Feyizoglu G, Basok BI. Serum α-Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 levels are not associated with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4054. [PMID: 38374169 PMCID: PMC10876523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a commonly observed cause of blindness and is a common problem in individuals with diabetes. Recent investigations have showed the capability of serum α-Klotho and FGF 23 in mitigating the effects of diabetic retinopathy. This study aimed to discover the correlation between FGF 23, α-Klotho, and diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetics. This case-control study included 63 diabetic patients and 66 healthy controls. Following an overnight duration of fasting, morning blood samples were taken from both the patient and the control groups. The serum concentrations of α-Klotho and FGF 23 were quantified. An experienced ophthalmologist inspected the retinopathy. All participants in this study have moderate non-proliferative retinopathy. A p value under 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean α-Klotho level for retinopathic diabetic patients was 501.7 ± 172.2 pg/mL and 579.6 ± 312.1 pg/mL for non-retinopathic diabetic patients. In comparison, α-Klotho level of the control group was 523.2 ± 265.4 pg/mL (p = 0.531). The mean of FGF 23 level did not demonstrate a significant difference (p = 0.259). The mean FGF 23 level were 75.7 ± 14.0 pg/mL, 74.0 ± 14.8 pg/mL and 79.3 ± 14.4 pg/mL in groups, respectively. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in FGF 23 and α-Klotho levels between type 1 diabetics with and without retinopathy when compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Oner
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Sciences University Kartal Dr Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Dogan
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Sciences University Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabah Tuzun
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Sciences University Haseki Sultangazi Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asiye Ekinci
- Department of Ophtalmology, Health Sciences University Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gunes Feyizoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Goztepe Prof Dr Suleyman Yalcın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu Isbilen Basok
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Health Sciences University Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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2
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Giriyappagoudar M, Vastrad B, Horakeri R, Vastrad C. Study on Potential Differentially Expressed Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3109. [PMID: 38137330 PMCID: PMC10740779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with reduced quality of life and earlier mortality, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this investigation, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of IPF and related key genes, so as to investigate the potential molecular pathogenesis of IPF and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Next-generation sequencing dataset GSE213001 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IPF and normal control group. The DEGs between IPF and normal control group were screened with the DESeq2 package of R language. The Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the g:Profiler, the function and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Integrated Interactions Database (IID) database. Cytoscape with Network Analyzer was used to identify the hub genes. miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databaseswereused to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and small drug molecules. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to validate the hub genes. A total of 958 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 479 up regulated genes and 479 down regulated genes. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in response to stimulus, GPCR ligand binding, microtubule-based process, and defective GALNT3 causes HFTC. In combination with the results of the PPI network, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, hub genes including LRRK2, BMI1, EBP, MNDA, KBTBD7, KRT15, OTX1, TEKT4, SPAG8, and EFHC2 were selected. Cyclothiazide and rotigotinethe are predicted small drug molecules for IPF treatment. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of IPF, and provide a novel strategy for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttanagouda Giriyappagoudar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi 580022, Karnataka, India;
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. Socitey’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeshwari Horakeri
- Department of Computer Science, Govt First Grade College, Hubballi 580032, Karnataka, India;
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
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3
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Liu Y, Chen M. Emerging role of α-Klotho in energy metabolism and cardiometabolic diseases. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102854. [PMID: 37722166 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Klotho was first identified as a gene associated with aging and longevity in 1997. α-Klotho is an anti-aging protein and its role in energy metabolism, various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and metabolic disorders is increasingly being recognized. In this review, we aimed to outline the potential protective role and therapeutic prospects of α-Klotho in energy metabolism and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). METHODS We comprehensively reviewed the relevant literature in PubMed using the keywords 'Klotho', 'metabolism', 'cardiovascular', 'diabetes', 'obesity', 'metabolic syndrome', and 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease'. RESULTS α-Klotho can be divided into membrane-bound Klotho, secreted Klotho, and the most studied circulating soluble Klotho that can act as a hormone. Klotho gene polymorphisms have been implicated in energy metabolism and CMDs. α-Klotho can inhibit insulin/insulin growth factor-1 signaling and its overexpression can lead to a 'healthy insulin resistance' and may exert beneficial effects on the regulation of glycolipid metabolism and central energy homeostasis. α-Klotho, mainly serum Klotho, has been revealed to be protective against CVDs, diabetes and its complications, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Human recombinant Klotho protein/Klotho gene delivery, multiple drugs, or natural products, and exercise can increase α-Klotho expression. CONCLUSION Overall, α-Klotho has demonstrated its potential as a promising target for modulating energy metabolism and CMDs, and further research is needed to explore its utilization in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China.
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4
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Puddu A, Maggi DC. Klotho: A new therapeutic target in diabetic retinopathy? World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1027-1036. [PMID: 37547589 PMCID: PMC10401458 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho (Kl) is considered an antiaging gene, mainly for the inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling. Kl exists as full-length transmembrane, which acts as co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor receptor, and in soluble forms (sKl). The sKl may exert pleiotropic effects on organs and tissues by regulating several pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with oxidative and inflammatory state. In diabetic Patients, serum levels of Kl are significantly decreased compared to healthy subjects, and are related to duration of diabetes. In diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes, serum Kl levels are negatively correlated with progression of the disease. A lot of evidences showed that Kl regulates several mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis and functions of retinal cells, including phagocytosis, calcium signaling, secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), maintenance of redox status, and melanin biosynthesis. Experimental data have been shown that Kl exerts positive effects on several mechanisms involved in onset and progression of DR. In particular, treatment with Kl: (1) Prevents apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in human retinal endothelial cells and in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells; (2) reduces secretion of VEGF-A by RPE cells; and (3) decreases subretinal fibrosis and preserves autophagic activity. Therefore, Kl may become a novel biomarker and a good candidate for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Puddu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Davide Carlo Maggi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
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5
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Batista JVGF, Pereira-Martins DA, Falcão DA, Domingos IF, Arcanjo GS, Hatzlhofer BL, Weinhäuser I, Batista THC, Cardoso PRG, Dos Anjos AC, Hazin MF, Pitta MGR, Costa FF, Araujo AS, Lucena-Araujo AR, Bezerra MA. Association of KLOTHO polymorphisms with clinical complications of sickle cell anemia. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:1921-1927. [PMID: 34125262 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The clinical and phenotypic heterogeneity of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Several genetic modifiers, such as the KLOTHO (KL) gene, have been associated with SCA clinical outcomes. The KL gene and its encoded proteins are implicated in important biological pathways, which affect the disease's pathophysiology, such as expression of adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide biology. Here, we evaluated the clinical relevance of two polymorphisms found on the KL gene (rs685417 and rs211239) in 588 unrelated patients with SCA. Genotyping analyses were performed using the TaqMan system. The KL rs211239 was associated with increased number of vaso-occlusive crisis (VOCs) per year (P = 0.001), while KL rs685417 was associated with increased frequency of stroke (P = 0.034), priapism (P = 0.011), number of complications (P = 0.019), and with a lower incidence of priapism (P = 0.036). Additionally, the associations with VOCs, stroke, and priapism remained consistent in multivariate analyses (P < 0.05). Our data highlight the clinical importance of KL in SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego A Pereira-Martins
- Genetics Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Diego A Falcão
- Genetics Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Igor F Domingos
- Genetics Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S Arcanjo
- Genetics Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Betânia L Hatzlhofer
- Genetics Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Isabel Weinhäuser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thais H C Batista
- Genetics Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Pablo R G Cardoso
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Novel Therapeutic Approaches (LINAT), Research Center for Therapeutic Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana C Dos Anjos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Manuela F Hazin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maira G R Pitta
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Novel Therapeutic Approaches (LINAT), Research Center for Therapeutic Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Costa
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aderson S Araujo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos A Bezerra
- Genetics Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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6
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Corcillo A, Fountoulakis N, Sohal A, Farrow F, Ayis S, Karalliedde J. Low levels of circulating anti-ageing hormone Klotho predict the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2020; 17:1479164120970901. [PMID: 33225726 PMCID: PMC7919202 DOI: 10.1177/1479164120970901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho is a circulating anti-ageing hormone that predicts progression of cardiovascular and renal disease. The role of Klotho in diabetic retinopathy is unknown. METHODS We performed a single-centre observational study of 81 people (males 62%) with type 2 diabetes followed for a median of 44 months. Circulating levels of Klotho and other markers, were measured from stored samples. The primary outcome was progression of retinopathy defined as new onset retinopathy or step change in retinopathy grading. RESULTS During follow-up, 46 (57%) people reached the primary outcome. People with progression of retinopathy had lower levels of serum Klotho as compared to those without (median (interquartile range) 226.9 (171.1-394.0) vs 484.5 (221.8-709.9) pg/ml, p = 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, baseline Klotho level was the only variable independently associated with reduced risk of progression of retinopathy. Our results suggest that a halving of circulating Klotho levels increases the risk of retinopathy progression by 44%. CONCLUSION In people with type 2 diabetes, lower circulating levels of the vascular protective hormone Klotho are associated with increased risk of progression of diabetic retinopathy. Klotho may be a novel biomarker and potential treatment target for diabetic eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Corcillo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, London UK
- Antonella Corcillo and Janaka Karalliedde, Diabetes and Endocrine Day, London, SE1 9RT, UK. Emails: ;
| | | | - Angela Sohal
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Frederick Farrow
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Salma Ayis
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Janaka Karalliedde
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, London UK
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7
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Ma Z, Liu J, Li J, Jiang H, Kong J. Klotho Levels are Decreased and Associated with Enhanced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Aqueous Humor in Patients with Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 30:630-637. [PMID: 33048602 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1828488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate anti-aging protein klotho levels in the aqueous humor and its association with oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Levels of klotho, oxidative, and antioxidative stress markers, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in the aqueous humor from 28 patients with exudative AMD and 35 age-matched controls were measured. RESULTS Patients with AMD had lower levels of klotho, which were negatively correlated with macular lesion size. Patients with AMD also exhibited increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and interleukin (IL)-6 but not tumor necrosis factor‑α, and decreased levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) and IL-10. Moreover, levels of klotho were negatively correlated with levels of 8-OHdG and IL-6, but positively correlated with levels of TSA and IL-10. CONCLUSION Klotho levels in the aqueous humor are decreased and associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with exudative AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxu Ma
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Lens Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Kong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Lens Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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8
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A new potential mode of cardiorenal protection of KLOTHO gene variability in type 1 diabetic adolescents. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:955-962. [PMID: 32435919 PMCID: PMC7343757 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract As the KL-VS haplotype alters secretion and activity of KLOTHO and uric acid (UA) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, their mutual links may contribute to microalbuminuria (MA) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Therefore, we hypothesize that KL-VS polymorphism could be associated with the prevalence of MA in T1D patients, and KL-VS polymorphism could modify physiological functions and pathogenic potential of UA. We have examined 350 patients with T1D. The analysis concerned KL-VS polymorphism along with the concentrations of serum inflammatory markers, indicators of renal function, blood pressure, and lipid profile. The incidence of KL-VS genotype was lower in a group with MA in comparison to patients without this condition. Moreover, KL-VS carriers had improved indicators of renal function, lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory markers. Simultaneously, among KL-VS carriers serum UA was negatively correlated with HbA1c, albumin excretion rate, ACR, CRP, TNF-α, total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides, and positively correlated with HDL-C. Moreover, among wild-type KLOTHO carriers serum, UA was in positive correlation with creatinine, blood pressure, IL-12 and MCP-1, and in negative correlation with IL-10 and eGFR. Findings of our study suggest that the functional KL-VS polymorphism is independently associated with MA and the KL-VS genotype protects from the development of MA, and KL-VS polymorphism may modify physiological functions and pathogenic potential of UA by altering the levels of HbA1c, inflammatory biomarkers, indicators of renal function, blood pressure, and lipid profile. Key messages • We analyzed the KL-VS polymorphism and the UA serum level in patients with T1D. • The KL-VS polymorphism is independently associated with microalbuminuria. • The KL-VS alleles protect from the development of microalbuminuria. • KL-VS polymorphism may modify physiological functions and pathogenic potential of uric acid.
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9
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Ma Z, Liu J, Li J, Jiang H, Kong J. Klotho ameliorates the onset and progression of cataract via suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation in the lens in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106582. [PMID: 32438076 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract. Klotho, known as an anti-ageing protein, has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Klotho is expressed in limited tissues including the lens. Here we examined whether klotho expression is decreased in diabetic lens and, if so, whether klotho treatment can prevent diabetic cataract formation. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and age-matched control rats were treated with vehicle or klotho protein, starting at 1 week after STZ injection. Twelve weeks after treatment, cataract formation was observed in diabetic rats but not control rats. Cataract formation and scores were significantly less in klotho-treated diabetic rats than vehicle-treated diabetic rats. Levels of klotho in plasma, aqueous humor and lens were significantly decreased in vehicle-treated diabetic rats, compared with control rats, but were restored in klotho-treated diabetic rats. Additionally, vehicle-treated diabetic rats had increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the lens, which were associated with decreased antioxidant transcriptional master regulator Nrf2 activity and increased transcription factor NF-κB activity. All of these findings were ameliorated in klotho-treated diabetic rats. Notably, klotho treatment did not alter blood glucose in diabetic rats. These results indicate that klotho reduction may increase susceptibility of the lens to oxidative and inflammatory insults, promoting cataract formation under diabetic conditions. Klotho treatment can ameliorate the onset and progression of diabetic cataract via enhancing Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense and suppressing NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. Klotho in the lens may be a novel therapeutic target for prevention of cataract formation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxu Ma
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, China.
| | - Jingjing Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Provincial Key Laboratory of Lens Research, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Jun Kong
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Provincial Key Laboratory of Lens Research, China.
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10
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Cheikhi A, Barchowsky A, Sahu A, Shinde SN, Pius A, Clemens ZJ, Li H, Kennedy CA, Hoeck JD, Franti M, Ambrosio F. Klotho: An Elephant in Aging Research. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1031-1042. [PMID: 30843026 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2017 marked the 20th anniversary of the first publication describing Klotho. This single protein was and is remarkable in that its absence in mice conferred an accelerated aging, or progeroid, phenotype with a dramatically shortened life span. On the other hand, genetic overexpression extended both health span and life span by an impressive 30%. Not only has Klotho deficiency been linked to a number of debilitating age-related illnesses but many subsequent reports have lent credence to the idea that Klotho can compress the period of morbidity and extend the life span of both model organisms and humans. This suggests that Klotho functions as an integrator of organ systems, making it both a promising tool for advancing our understanding of the biology of aging and an intriguing target for interventional studies. In this review, we highlight advances in our understanding of Klotho as well as key challenges that have somewhat limited our view, and thus translational potential, of this potent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Cheikhi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Sunita N Shinde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Abish Pius
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Zachary J Clemens
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research Division, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Charles A Kennedy
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Joerg D Hoeck
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Michael Franti
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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11
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Ji B, Wei H, Ding Y, Liang H, Yao L, Wang H, Qu H, Deng H. Protective potential of klotho protein on diabetic retinopathy: Evidence from clinical and in vitro studies. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:162-169. [PMID: 31197979 PMCID: PMC6944830 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The purpose of the present study was to observe the relationship between serum α-klotho (KL) protein level and diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to further examine the effects of KL protein on apoptosis induced by palmitic acid (PA) in human retinal endothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 17 healthy people and 60 type 2 diabetes patients were included. According to the results from fundus fluorescein angiography, the diabetes patients were divided into three subgroups: without DR, non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR. Serum KL level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro, human retinal endothelial cells were exposed to PA with or without KL protein. Apoptosis rates were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis. Apoptotic-related protein expressions were detected by western blotting analysis. RESULTS Serum KL level was lower in diabetes patients than that in healthy participants (P = 0.007), and was gradually decreased among the without DR, non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR subgroups (P = 0.045). A logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for the other confounding factors, serum KL level was independently and negatively related with DR (P = 0.049). Furthermore, the increased apoptosis rates induced by PA were inhibited with the addition of KL protein. Consistently, KL protein reversed the expression levels of the increased pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the decreased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 induced by PA. However, the anti-apoptotic effect of KL protein was attenuated by LY294002 through the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-serine∕threonine kinase pathway. CONCLUSIONS The data suggested that KL protein was probably a potential protective factor against retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolan Ji
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huili Wei
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yao Ding
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huimin Liang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lu Yao
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hua Qu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huacong Deng
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Brown RB. Diabetes, Diabetic Complications, and Phosphate Toxicity: A Scoping Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:674-689. [PMID: 31686640 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666191104113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a scoping review and synthesis of research findings investigating the toxic cellular accumulation of dysregulated inorganic phosphate-phosphate toxicity-as a pathophysiological determinant of diabetes and diabetic complications. Phosphorus, an essential micronutrient, is closely linked to the cellular metabolism of glucose for energy production, and serum inorganic phosphate is often transported into cells along with glucose during insulin therapy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuronal degeneration, and pancreatic cancer are associated with dysregulated levels of phosphate in diabetes. Ectopic calcification involving deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals is prevalent throughout diabetic complications, including vascular calcification, nephropathy, retinopathy, and bone disorders. A low-glycemic, low-phosphate dietary intervention is proposed for further investigations in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related diabetic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Brown
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Zhu Z, Xia W, Cui Y, Zeng F, Li Y, Yang Z, Hequn C. Klotho gene polymorphisms are associated with healthy aging and longevity: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 178:33-40. [PMID: 30633899 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Klotho gene polymorphisms have been implicated in healthy aging, but inconsistences in findings from previous case-control studies have raised concerns regarding the associations between KLOTHO gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to aging-related diseases and longevity. Hence, this meta-analysis was performed. We assessed the associations between two polymorphisms (G-395 A/rs1207568 and F352 V/rs9536314) and five parameters (urolithiasis, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and longevity) by calculating pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. According to the pooled results, the G allele of the G-395 A polymorphism conferred a significantly higher risk of urolithiasis; G-395 A was related to the susceptibility to cardiovascular disease under allele, dominant, and recessive models. There was no significant association between the G-395 A polymorphism and cognitive impairment among the elderly. The F allele of the F352 V polymorphism protected against breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility. Interestingly, based on the results of the subgroup analysis, the F352 V polymorphism was associated with the overall risk of neoplasms in BRCA1 mutation carriers but not in BRCA2 mutation carriers. Moreover, the F allele played a protective role in determining human longevity. In conclusion, Klotho G-395 A polymorphisms were associated with urolithiasis and cardiovascular disease but not with cognitive impairment. Additionally, Klotho F352 V polymorphisms were associated with cancers and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Weiping Xia
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhongqing Yang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chen Hequn
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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