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Chen B, Han L, Chen X. The association between vitamin E intake and hepatic steatosis in general and obese populations. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:57. [PMID: 39080747 PMCID: PMC11290045 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and employing Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) measures, this study explores the correlation between vitamin E (VE) intake and hepatic steatosis and its impact on different subsets. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected 5757 participants with CAP data from the 2017-2020 NHANES dataset. Daily VE intake was assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall. Hepatic fat content was quantified using transient elastography to measure CAP. Stratified multivariable regression analysis investigated relationships in different subsets, and a generalized additive model identified nonlinear relationships and thresholds. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, higher VE intake correlated with lower CAP levels. Subgroup analyses and tests for interaction revealed a significantly stronger negative correlation between VE intake and CAP in obese individuals. Further analysis indicated a curvilinear relationship between VE intake and the severity of liver fat degeneration in both the general study population and the obese subgroup, demonstrating a threshold effect. In the general population, VE intake below the threshold (6.58 mg/day) is positively correlated with CAP levels, whereas intake above this threshold shows a negative correlation. For obese individuals, the threshold is set at 7.37 mg/day, above which the negative correlation with CAP is even more pronounced. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a negative correlation between VE intake and hepatic fat content, highlighting the potentially crucial role VE plays in obese fatty liver patients. Importantly, we identified threshold effects of VE intake in both general and obese populations. Our results support clinical nutritional interventions, personalized dietary guidance, and the development of drugs to combat fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P.R. China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Comprehensive Ward, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P.R. China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Clinical Research, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 199 South Shixin Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P.R. China.
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Mohammadian K, Fakhar F, Keramat S, Stanek A. The Role of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:797. [PMID: 39061866 PMCID: PMC11273623 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that causes liver-related morbidity and mortality. It is also an independent risk factor for non-communicable diseases. In 2020, a proposal was made to refer to it as "metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)", with concise diagnostic criteria. Given its widespread occurrence, its treatment is crucial. Increased levels of oxidative stress cause this disease. This review aims to evaluate various studies on antioxidant therapies for patients with MAFLD. A comprehensive search for relevant research was conducted on the PubMed, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases, resulting in the identification of 87 studies that met the inclusion criteria. In total, 31.1% of human studies used natural antioxidants, 53.3% used synthetic antioxidants, and 15.5% used both natural and synthetic antioxidants. In human-based studies, natural antioxidants showed 100% efficacy in the treatment of MAFLD, while synthetic antioxidants showed effective results in only 91% of the investigations. In animal-based research, natural antioxidants were fully effective in the treatment of MAFLD, while synthetic antioxidants demonstrated effectiveness in only 87.8% of the evaluations. In conclusion, antioxidants in their natural form are more helpful for patients with MAFLD, and preserving the correct balance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants is a useful way to monitor antioxidant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Mohammadian
- Division of Hematology and Blood Banking, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348, Iran; (K.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Fatemeh Fakhar
- Division of Hematology and Blood Banking, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348, Iran; (K.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Shayan Keramat
- VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Support Association of Patients of Buerger’s Disease, Buerger’s Disease NGO, Mashhad 9183785195, Iran
| | - Agata Stanek
- VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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3
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Ma Z, He Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Fang M, Yang Q, Gong Z, Xu L. Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Its Acetylated Derivatives on Lipid Metabolism in Human Normal Hepatocytes. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:294. [PMID: 39057934 PMCID: PMC11281666 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16070294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) belong to type B trichothecenes that are widely detected in agricultural products as one of the most common classes of mycotoxins. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the alteration of lipid metabolism in normal human hepatocytes by poisoning with DON and its acetylated derivatives. After verifying the hepatotoxicity of the three toxins, DON, 15-ADON, and 3-ADON, the mRNA expression was determined by transcriptomics, and the results showed that DON and 15-ADON had a significant regulatory effect on the transcriptome, in which glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and phospholipase D signaling pathways have not been reported in studies of DON and its acetylated derivatives. For further validation, we explored lipid metabolism in depth and found that PC (15:0/16:0), PC (16:1/18:3), PC (18:1/22:6), PC (16:0/16:0), PC (16:0/16:1), PC (16:1/18:1), PC (14:0/18:2), PE (14:0/16:0) and PE (18:1/18:3) were downregulated for all nine lipids. Combined with the transcriptome results, we found that hepatic steatosis induced by the three toxins, DON, 15-ADON and 3-ADON, was associated with altered expression of genes related to lipid oxidation, lipogenesis and lipolysis, and their effects on lipid metabolism in L-02 cells were mainly realized through the PC-PE cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Ma
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yuyun He
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yuzhi Li
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-Derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Min Fang
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
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Seidita A, Cusimano A, Giuliano A, Meli M, Carroccio A, Soresi M, Giannitrapani L. Oxidative Stress as a Target for Non-Pharmacological Intervention in MAFLD: Could There Be a Role for EVOO? Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:731. [PMID: 38929170 PMCID: PMC11201095 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in most chronic liver diseases and, in particular, in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the new definition of an old condition known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms leading to hepatocellular fat accumulation in genetically predisposed individuals who adopt a sedentary lifestyle and consume an obesogenic diet progress through mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, which amplifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and influence the release of chronic inflammation and liver damage biomarkers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. This close pathogenetic link has been a key stimulus in the search for therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress to treat steatosis, and a number of clinical trials have been conducted to date on subjects with NAFLD using drugs as well as supplements or nutraceutical products. Vitamin E, Vitamin D, and Silybin are the most studied substances, but several non-pharmacological approaches have also been explored, especially lifestyle and diet modifications. Among the dietary approaches, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) seems to be the most reliable for affecting liver steatosis, probably with the added value of the presence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a healthy food with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and variable concentrations of phenols (oleocanthal) and phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (Tyr). In this review, we focus on non-pharmacological interventions in MAFLD treatment that target oxidative stress and, in particular, on the role of EVOO as one of the main antioxidant components of the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Seidita
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Giuliano
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Meli
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
- Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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Dong W, Li Q, Lu X, Lan J, Qiu Z, Wang X, Wang J, Zheng X, Chen S, Zhang C, Jin J. Ceramide kinase-mediated C1P metabolism attenuates acute liver injury by inhibiting the interaction between KEAP1 and NRF2. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:946-958. [PMID: 38556546 PMCID: PMC11059394 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury is the basis of the pathogenesis of diverse liver diseases. However, the mechanism underlying liver injury is complex and not completely understood. In our study, we revealed that CERK, which phosphorylates ceramide to produce ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), was the sphingolipid pathway-related protein that had the most significantly upregulated expression during acute liver injury. A functional study confirmed that CERK and C1P attenuate hepatic injury both in vitro and in vivo through antioxidant effects. Mechanistic studies have shown that CERK and C1P positively regulate the protein expression of NRF2, which is a crucial protein that helps maintain redox homeostasis. Furthermore, our results indicated that C1P disrupted the interaction between NRF2 and KEAP1 by competitively binding to KEAP1, which allowed for the nuclear translocation of NRF2. In addition, pull-down assays and molecular docking analyses revealed that C1P binds to the DGR domain of KEAP1, which allows it to maintain its interaction with NRF2. Importantly, these findings were verified in human primary hepatocytes and a mouse model of hepatic ischemia‒reperfusion injury. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that CERK-mediated C1P metabolism attenuates acute liver injury via the binding of C1P to the DGR domain of KEAP1 and subsequently the release and nuclear translocation of NRF2, which activates the transcription of cytoprotective and antioxidant genes. Our study suggested that the upregulation of CERK and C1P expression may serve as a potential antioxidant strategy to alleviate acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianfeng Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sifan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Junfei Jin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
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Okrit F, Chayanupatkul M, Wanpiyarat N, Siriviriyakul P, Werawatganon D. Genistein and sex hormone treatment alleviated hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation in orchidectomized rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26055. [PMID: 38380011 PMCID: PMC10877361 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency has been reported to accelerate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there are minimal data on the risk of NAFLD in transgender women and the treatment of NAFLD in this population. This study aimed to investigate the treatment effects and the mechanisms of action of genistein and sex hormones in orchiectomized (ORX) rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a high fat high fructose diet (HFHF). Seven-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 6 each group); 1) control group, 2) ORX + standard diet group, 3) HFHF group, 4) ORX + HFHF group, 5) ORX + HFHF diet + testosterone group (50 mg/kg body weight (BW) once weekly), 6) ORX + HFHF diet + estradiol group (1.6 mg/kg BW daily), and 7) ORX + HFHF diet + genistein group (16 mg/kg BW daily). The duration of treatment was 6 weeks. Liver tissue was used for histological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining and hepatic fat measurement by Oil Red O staining. Protein expression levels of histone deacetylase3 (HDAC3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) were analyzed by immunoblotting. Hepatic nuclear factor (NF)-ĸB expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Rats in the ORX + HFHF group had the highest degree of hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and the highest percentage of positive Oil Red O staining area among all groups. The expression of HDAC3 and PPARδ was downregulated, while NF-ĸB expression was upregulated in the ORX + HFHF group when compared with control and ORX + standard diet groups. Testosterone, estradiol and genistein treatment improved histological features of NASH together with the reversal of HDAC3, PPARδ and NF-ĸB protein expression comparing with the ORX + HFHF group. In summary, genistein and sex hormone treatment could alleviate NASH through the up-regulation of HDAC3 and PPARδ, and the suppression of NF-ĸB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatist Okrit
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Chayanupatkul
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natcha Wanpiyarat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasong Siriviriyakul
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Werawatganon
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Li Z, Wu J, Zhao Y, Song J, Wen Y. Natural products and dietary interventions on liver enzymes: an umbrella review and evidence map. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1300860. [PMID: 38371505 PMCID: PMC10869519 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1300860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between natural products and dietary interventions on liver enzymes is unclear; therefore, this study aimed to examine their effects on liver enzymes in adults. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews databases were searched from inception until March 2023. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) systems were used to assess the methodological and evidence quality, and the therapeutic effects were summarized in a narrative form. Results A total of 40 meta-analyses on natural products (n = 25), dietary supplements (n = 10), and dietary patterns (n = 5) were evaluated, and results were presented in a narrative form. The overall methodological quality of the included studies was relatively poor. The results indicated that positive effects were observed for nigella sativa, garlic, artichoke, curcumin, silymarin, vitamin E, vitamin D, L-carnitine, propolis, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on certain liver enzymes. The dietary patterns, including high-protein, Mediterranean, and calorie-restriction diets and evening snacks, may reduce liver enzymes; however, other supplements and herbs did not reduce liver enzyme levels or have minimal effects. The evidence quality was generally weak given the risk of bias, heterogeneity, and imprecision. Conclusion This umbrella review suggests that natural products and dietary interventions have beneficial therapeutic effects on liver enzymes levels. Further clinical trials are necessary to establish the effectiveness of supplements that reduce liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingpan Zhao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjie Song
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Wen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Qi X, Guo J, Li Y, Fang C, Lin J, Chen X, Jia J. Vitamin E intake is inversely associated with NAFLD measured by liver ultrasound transient elastography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2592. [PMID: 38296998 PMCID: PMC10831069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases, whose severe form is associated with oxidative stress. Vitamin E as an antioxidant has a protective potential in NAFLD. Whether dietary intake of vitamin E, supplementary vitamin E use, and total vitamin E have a preventive effect on NAFLD requires investigation. A cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2020) was conducted. Vitamin E intake, including dietary vitamin E, supplementary vitamin E use, and total vitamin E, was obtained from the average of two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The extent of hepatic steatosis was measured by liver ultrasound transient elastography and presented as controlled attenuated parameter (CAP) scores. Participants were diagnosed with NAFLD based on CAP threshold values of 288 dB/m and 263 dB/m. The statistical software R and survey-weighted statistical models were used to examine the association between vitamin E intake and hepatic steatosis and NAFLD. Overall, 6122 participants were included for NAFLD analysis. After adjusting for age, gender, race, poverty level index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, vigorous recreational activity, body mass index, abdominal circumference, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and supplementary vitamin E use, dietary vitamin E was inversely associated with NAFLD. The corresponding odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of NAFLD for dietary vitamin E intake as continuous and the highest quartile were 0.9592 (0.9340-0.9851, P = 0.0039) and 0.5983 (0.4136-0.8654, P = 0.0091) (Ptrend = 0.0056). Supplementary vitamin E was significantly inversely associated with NAFLD (fully adjusted model: OR = 0.6565 95% CI 0.4569-0.9432, P = 0.0249). A marginal improvement in total vitamin E for NAFLD was identified. The ORs (95% CIs, P) for the total vitamin E intake as continuous and the highest quartile in the fully adjusted model were 0.9669 (0.9471-0.9871, P = 0.0029) and 0.6743 (0.4515-1.0071, P = 0.0538). Sensitivity analysis indicated these findings were robust. The protective effects of vitamin E significantly differed in the stratum of hyperlipidemia (Pinteraction < 0.05). However, no statistically significant results were identified when the threshold value was set as 263 dB/m. Vitamin E intake, encompassing both dietary and supplemental forms, as well as total vitamin E intake, demonstrated a protective association with NAFLD. Augmenting dietary intake of vitamin E proves advantageous in the prevention of NAFLD, particularly among individuals devoid of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Qi
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jiayun Guo
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Caishan Fang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jietao Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12, Ji Chang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12, Ji Chang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jie Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12, Ji Chang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Yang N, Zhang J, Guo J, Xiang Q, Huang Y, Wen J, Liu Q, Hu T, Chen Y, Rao C. Revealing the mechanism of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. extract-induced liver injury in mice based on lipidomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117086. [PMID: 37634752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (Z. armatum) is an herbal medicine with various active ingredients and pharmacological effects. However, modern studies found that Z. armatum is hepatotoxic. The liver is the target organ for toxic effects and an important site for lipid metabolism. The effects of Z. armatum on lipid level and metabolism in the liver are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to analyze hepatic lipid levels, lipid metabolites and metabolic pathways of action of Z. armatum based on lipidomics, to investigate the potential hepatotoxic mechanism of Z. armatum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different doses (62, 96, and 150 mg/kg) of the methanolic extract of Z. armatum (MZADC) were administered to ICR mice by gavage. The hepatotoxicity of MZADC was assessed by the liver index, serum biochemical measurements, and histopathological examination. Lipid levels measured by the serum lipid index were evaluated in the mice. Lipidomics was used to screen for differential lipid metabolism markers and lipid metabolism pathways in the liver. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the effects of MZADC on the liver. RESULTS Liver index values and serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels were increased in the MZADC group. Histopathology examination revealed hepatocyte necrosis, watery degeneration of the hepatocytes, and hepatic cord rupture in the livers of mice. Serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, and triglycerides were elevated, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were decreased. Lipidomics screening for markers of differential lipid metabolism in the liver, and altered profiles of differential metabolites indicated that glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored biosynthesis, sphingolipid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolic pathways were significantly associated with MZADC-induced liver injury. Western blots confirmed that the protein expression of LC3, Beclin-1, ATG5, ATG12 and ATG16L1 was decreased, and p62 was increased in the MZADC group. The proportion of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT was increased. CONCLUSIONS The liver injury induced by MZADC involved many different lipid metabolites and lipid metabolic pathways, which may be related to autophagy. This study provides a new perspective on the hepatotoxicity study of Z. armatum and provides a reference for the safe application of Z. armatum in the medicine and food fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jiafu Guo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Qiwen Xiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Qiuyan Liu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
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10
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Huang W, Li T, Cai W, Song H, Liu H, Tan B, Zhang S, Zhou M, Yang Y, Dong X. Effects of α-Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Liver Histology, Antioxidant and Related Genes Expression of Hybrid Grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:88. [PMID: 38247512 PMCID: PMC10812574 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of α-lipoic acid on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity in hybrid groupers (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus) fed with a high-lipid diet. Groupers (8.97 ± 0.01 g) were fed six different diets, with α-lipoic acid content in diets being 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 mg/kg, named S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6, respectively. The results show that the addition of 2000 mg/kg α-lipoic acid in the diet inhibited the growth, weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR), which were significantly lower than other groups. In serum, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly higher in the S5 group than in the S1 group. In the liver, CAT, SOD and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) levels were significantly increased in α-lipoic acid supplemented groups. α-lipoic acid significantly upregulated liver antioxidant genes sod and cat, anti-inflammatory factor interleukin 10 (il10) and transforming growth factor β (tgfβ) mRNA levels. Conclusion: the addition of 2000 mg/kg of α-lipoic acid inhibits the growth of hybrid groupers. In addition, 400-800 mg/kg α-lipoic acid contents improve the antioxidant capacity of groupers and have a protective effect against high-lipid-diet-induced liver oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Wenshan Cai
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hengyang Song
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Menglong Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.H.)
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524000, China
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11
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Sachan V, Le Dévéhat M, Roubtsova A, Essalmani R, Laurendeau JF, Garçon D, Susan-Resiga D, Duval S, Mikaeeli S, Hamelin J, Evagelidis A, Chong M, Paré G, Chernetsova E, Gao ZH, Robillard I, Ruiz M, Trinh VQH, Estall JL, Faraj M, Austin RC, Sauvageau M, Prat A, Kiss RS, Seidah NG. PCSK7: A novel regulator of apolipoprotein B and a potential target against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2024; 150:155736. [PMID: 37967646 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence links the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 7 (PCSK7) to triglyceride (TG) metabolism. We associated the known PCSK7 gain-of-function non-coding SNP rs236918 with higher levels of plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) and the loss-of-function coding variant p.Pro777Leu (SNP rs201598301) with lower apoB and TG. Herein, we aimed to unravel the in vivo role of liver PCSK7. METHODS We biochemically defined the functional role of PCSK7 in lipid metabolism using hepatic cell lines and Pcsk7-/- mice. Our findings were validated following subcutaneous administration of hepatocyte-targeted N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) against Pcsk7. RESULTS Independent of its proteolytic activity, membrane-bound PCSK7 binds apoB100 in the endoplasmic reticulum and enhances its secretion. Mechanistically, the loss of PCSK7/Pcsk7 leads to apoB100 degradation, triggering an unfolded protein response, autophagy, and β-oxidation, eventually reducing lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was induced by a 12-week high fat/fructose/cholesterol diet in wild type (WT) and Pcsk7-/- mice that were then allowed to recover on a 4-week control diet. Pcsk7-/- mice recovered more effectively than WT mice from all NAFLD-related liver phenotypes. Finally, subcutaneous administration of GalNAc-ASOs targeting hepatic Pcsk7 to WT mice validated the above results. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal hepatic PCSK7 as one of the major regulators of apoB, and its absence reduces apoB secretion from hepatocytes favoring its ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. This results in a cascade of events, eventually reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, thus supporting the notion of silencing PCSK7 mRNA in hepatocytes for targeting NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsal Sachan
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maïlys Le Dévéhat
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Roubtsova
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rachid Essalmani
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Laurendeau
- RNA and Noncoding Mechanisms of Disease, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Damien Garçon
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Delia Susan-Resiga
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Duval
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sahar Mikaeeli
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Josée Hamelin
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Evagelidis
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Chong
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Robillard
- Montreal Heart Institute, Metabolomics Platform, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute, Metabolomics Platform, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Quoc-Huy Trinh
- Departement of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetes, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - May Faraj
- Nutrition Department, Université de Montréal, Research Unit on Nutrition, Lipoproteins and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton and the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Sauvageau
- RNA and Noncoding Mechanisms of Disease, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Annik Prat
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert S Kiss
- McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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12
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Anari M, Montgomery MK. Phospholipid metabolism in the liver - Implications for phosphatidylserine in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115621. [PMID: 37217141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells contain more than a thousand different glycerophospholipid species that are essential membrane components and signalling molecules, with phosphatidylserine (PS) giving membranes their negative surface charge. Depending on the tissue, PS is important in apoptosis, blood clotting, cancer pathogenesis, as well as muscle and brain function, processes that are dependent on the asymmetrical distribution of PS on the plasma membrane and/or the capacity of PS to act as anchorage for various signalling proteins. Recent studies have implicated hepatic PS in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), either as beneficial in the context of suppressing hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, or on the other hand as a potential contributor to the progression of liver cancer. This review provides an extensive overview of hepatic phospholipid metabolism, including its biosynthetic pathways, intracellular trafficking and roles in health and disease, further taking a deeper dive into PS metabolism, including associate and causative evidence of the role of PS in advanced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Anari
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Magdalene K Montgomery
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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13
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Wang MY, Prabahar K, Găman MA, Zhang JL. Vitamin E supplementation in the treatment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Evidence from an umbrella review of meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials. J Dig Dis 2023; 24:380-389. [PMID: 37503812 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted this umbrella review of meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials to clarify the effects of vitamin E administration on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), degrees of steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched to identify pertinent articles published up to June 2023. To calculate the overall effect size (ES) and confidence intervals (CI), random-effects model was used. RESULTS Six meta-analyses were included in the umbrella review. By pooling ES based on the random-effects model, we found that vitamin E supplementation significantly decreased ALT (ES -6.47, 95% CI -11.73 to -1.22, P = 0.01), AST (ES -5.35, 95% CI -9.78 to -0.93, P = 0.01), degrees of fibrosis (ES -0.24, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.12, P < 0.001) and steatosis (ES -0.67, 95% CI -0.88 to -0.45, P < 0.001) in NAFLD patients, but had no effect on GGT. In the subgroup analyses, we detected that fibrosis scores notably decreased when vitamin E dosage was >600 IU/day (ES -0.25, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.10, P = 0.002) and when the treatment duration was ≥12 months (ES -0.24, 95% CI -0.37 to -0.12, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Vitamin E administration improves ALT, AST, fibrosis, and steatosis in NAFLD subjects. Fibrosis scores were significantly reduced when vitamin E dosage exceeded 600 IU/day or with a treatment duration of at least 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jin Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Platko K, Lebeau PF, Nederveen JP, Byun JH, MacDonald ME, Bourgeois JM, Tarnopolsky MA, Austin RC. A Metabolic Enhancer Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity and Liver Steatosis and Corrects a Pro-Atherogenic Serum Profile in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102410. [PMID: 37242292 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) affects hundreds of millions of individuals and constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Obesity is believed to be at the core of metabolic abnormalities associated with MetS, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, fatty liver disease and vascular dysfunction. Although previous studies demonstrate a diverse array of naturally occurring antioxidants that attenuate several manifestations of MetS, little is known about the (i) combined effect of these compounds on hepatic health and (ii) molecular mechanisms responsible for their effect. METHODS We explored the impact of a metabolic enhancer (ME), consisting of 7 naturally occurring antioxidants and mitochondrial enhancing agents, on diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and atherogenic serum profile in mice. RESULTS Here we show that a diet-based ME supplementation and exercise have similar beneficial effects on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice. Mechanistically, ME reduced hepatic ER stress, fibrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation, thereby improving overall liver health. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ME improved HFD-induced pro-atherogenic serum profile in mice, similar to exercise. The protective effects of ME were reduced in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) knock out mice, suggesting that ME exerts it protective effect partly in a PCSK9-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that components of the ME have a positive, protective effect on obesity, hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular risk and that they show similar effects as exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Paul F Lebeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jacqueline M Bourgeois
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 5Z5, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Exerkine Corporation, MUMC, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
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Abstract
Liver fibrosis has a high incidence worldwide and is the common pathological basis of many chronic liver diseases. Liver fibrosis is caused by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and concomitant collagen accumulation in livers and can lead to the development of liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer. A large number of studies have provided evidence that liver fibrosis can be blocked or even reversed by appropriate medical interventions. However, the antifibrosis drugs with ideal clinical efficacy are still insufficient. The edible plant-derived natural compounds have been reported to exert effective antifibrotic effects with few side-effects, representing a kind of promising source for the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the current progress of the natural compounds derived from dietary plants in the treatment of liver fibrosis, including phenolic compounds (capsaicin, chlorogenic acid, curcumin, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, sinapic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid and vitamin E), flavonoid compounds (genistein, hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, naringin and quercetin), sulfur-containing compounds (S-allylcysteine, ergothioneine, lipoic acid and sulforaphane) and other compounds (betaine, caffeine, cucurbitacin B, lycopene, α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, ursolic acid, vitamin C and yangonin). The pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of these compounds in in-vivo and in-vitro models of liver fibrosis are focused.
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16
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Vasconcellos C, Ferreira O, Lopes MF, Ribeiro AF, Vasques J, Guerreiro CS. Nutritional Genomics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020319. [PMID: 36830856 PMCID: PMC9953045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic condition associated with genetic and environmental factors in which fat abnormally accumulates in the liver. NAFLD is epidemiologically associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Environmental factors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet, interact with genetic factors, such as epigenetic mechanisms and polymorphisms for the genesis and development of the condition. Different genetic polymorphisms seem to be involved in this context, including variants in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, PEMT, and CHDH genes, playing a role in the disease's susceptibility, development, and severity. From carbohydrate intake and weight loss to omega-3 supplementation and caloric restriction, different dietary and nutritional factors appear to be involved in controlling the onset and progression of NAFLD conditions influencing metabolism, gene, and protein expression. The polygenic risk score represents a sum of trait-associated alleles carried by an individual and seems to be associated with NAFLD outcomes depending on the dietary context. Understanding the exact extent to which lifestyle interventions and genetic predispositions can play a role in the prevention and management of NAFLD can be crucial for the establishment of a personalized and integrative approach to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Vasconcellos
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Oureana Ferreira
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Filipa Lopes
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André Filipe Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Vasques
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sousa Guerreiro
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Red Rice Bran Extract Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Dyslipidemia in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010246. [PMID: 36615905 PMCID: PMC9824566 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red rice bran extract (RRBE) is rich in phytonutrients and has been shown to have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, its anti-hepatic steatosis and anti-dyslipidemic properties have not been thoroughly investigated. This study examined the aforementioned properties of RRBE, the underlying mechanism by which it alleviated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, and its major bioactive constituents. The mice were divided into four groups based on their diet: (1) low-fat diet (LFD), (2) LFD with high-dose RRBE (1 g/kg/day), (3) HFD, and (4) HFD with three different doses of RRBE (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg/day). The administration of RRBE, especially at medium and high doses, significantly mitigated HFD-induced hepatosteatosis and concomitantly improved the serum lipid profile. Further, RRBE modified the level of expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), SREBP-2, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A)) in hepatic or adipose tissues and improved the expression of hepatic high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) cmetabolism-related genes (hepatic lipase (HL) and apolipoprotein A-ǀ (ApoA-ǀ)). RRBE also attenuated markers of liver injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress, accompanied by a modulated expression of inflammatory (nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)), pro-oxidant (p47phox), and apoptotic (B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X and Bcl-2) genes in the liver. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses indicated the presence of protocatechuic acid, γ-oryzanol, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10 in RRBE. Our data indicate that RRBE alleviates HFD-induced hepatosteatosis, dyslipidemia, and their pathologic complications in part by regulating the expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
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18
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Ma XJ, Tan Y, Chen L, Qu H, Shi DZ. Elucidation of the mechanism of Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction for the treatment of unstable angina based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.364411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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19
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Lessons on Drug Development: A Literature Review of Challenges Faced in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010158. [PMID: 36613602 PMCID: PMC9820446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, occurring in both obese and lean patients. It can lead to life-threatening liver diseases and nonhepatic complications, such as cirrhosis and cardiovascular diseases, that burden public health and the health care system. Current care is weight loss through diet and exercise, which is a challenging goal to achieve. However, there are no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for NAFLD. This review thoroughly examines the clinical trial findings from 22 drugs (Phase 2 and above) and evaluates the future direction that trials should take for further drug development. These trialed drugs can broadly be categorized into five groups-hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, bile-pathway, anti-inflammatory, and others, which include nutraceuticals. The multitude of challenges faced in these yet-to-be-approved NAFLD drug trials provided insight into a few areas of improvement worth considering. These include drug repurposing, combinations, noninvasive outcomes, standardization, adverse event alleviation, and the need for precision medicine with more extensive consideration of NAFLD heterogenicity in drug trials. Understandably, every evolution of the drug development landscape lies with its own set of challenges. However, this paper believes in the importance of always learning from lessons of the past, with each potential improvement pushing clinical trials an additional step forward toward discovering appropriate drugs for effective NAFLD management.
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Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism by Phytochemicals Derived from Algae and Edible Mushrooms in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213667. [PMID: 36430146 PMCID: PMC9697193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol synthesis occurs in almost all cells, but mainly in hepatocytes in the liver. Cholesterol is garnering increasing attention for its central role in various metabolic diseases. In addition, cholesterol is one of the most essential elements for cells as both a structural source and a player participating in various metabolic pathways. Accurate regulation of cholesterol is necessary for the proper metabolism of fats in the body. Disturbances in cholesterol homeostasis have been linked to various metabolic diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). For many years, the use of synthetic chemical drugs has been effective against many health conditions. Furthermore, from ancient to modern times, various plant-based drugs have been considered local medicines, playing important roles in human health. Phytochemicals are bioactive natural compounds that are derived from medicinal plants, fruit, vegetables, roots, leaves, and flowers and are used to treat a variety of diseases. They include flavonoids, carotenoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, vitamins, and more. Many of these compounds have been proven to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity and antihypercholesteremic activity. The multifaceted role of phytochemicals may provide health benefits to humans with regard to the treatment and control of cholesterol metabolism and the diseases associated with this disorder, such as NAFLD. In recent years, global environmental climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, the current war in Europe, and other conflicts have threatened food security and human nutrition worldwide. This further emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable sources of functional phytochemicals to be included in the food industry and dietary habits. This review summarizes the latest findings on selected phytochemicals from sustainable sources-algae and edible mushrooms-that affect the synthesis and metabolism of cholesterol and improve or prevent NAFLD.
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21
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A Molecular Insight into the Role of Antioxidants in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9233650. [PMID: 35602098 PMCID: PMC9117022 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9233650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) defines fat accumulation in the liver, and it is commonly associated with metabolic syndromes like diabetes and obesity. Progressive NAFLD leads to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and ultimately causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and NASH is currently a frequent cause of liver transplantation. Oxidative stress is often contributed to the progression of NAFLD, and hence, antioxidants such as silymarin, silybin, or silibinin, pentoxifylline, resveratrol, and vitamins A, C, and E are used in clinical trials against NAFLD. Silymarin induces the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a fatty acid sensor, which promotes the transcription of genes that are required for the enzymes involved in lipid oxidation in hepatocytes. Silybin inhibits sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and carbohydrate response element-binding protein to downregulate the expression of genes responsible for de novo lipogenesis by activating AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Pentoxifylline inhibits TNF-α expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Thus, it prevents NAFLD to NASH progression. Resveratrol inhibits methylation at Nrf-2 promoters and NF-κB activity via SIRT1 activation in NAFLD conditions. However, clinically, resveratrol has not shown promising beneficial effects. Vitamin C is beneficial in NAFLD patients. Vitamin E is not effectively regressing hepatic fibrosis. Hence, its combination with antifibrotic agents is used as an adjuvant to produce a synergistic antifibrotic effect. However, to date, none of these antioxidants have been used as a definite therapeutic agent in NAFLD patients. Further, these antioxidants should be studied in NAFLD patients with larger populations and multiple endpoints in the future.
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22
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Wang H, Wu Y, Tang W. Methionine cycle in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its potential applications. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115033. [PMID: 35395242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a chronic metabolic disease affecting epidemic proportions worldwide, the pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is not clear yet. There is also a lack of precise biomarkers and specific medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD. Methionine metabolic cycle, which is critical for the maintaining of cellular methylation and redox state, is involved in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. However, the molecular basis and mechanism of methionine metabolism in NAFLD are not completely understood. Here, we mainly focus on specific enzymes that participates in methionine cycle, to reveal their interconnections with NAFLD, in order to recognize the pathogenesis of NAFLD from a new angle and at the same time, explore the clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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23
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Mooli RGR, Mukhi D, Ramakrishnan SK. Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Liver Diseases. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3167-3192. [PMID: 35578969 PMCID: PMC10074426 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased production of derivatives of molecular oxygen and nitrogen in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) lead to molecular damage called oxidative stress. Under normal physiological conditions, the ROS generation is tightly regulated in different cells and cellular compartments. Any disturbance in the balance between the cellular generation of ROS and antioxidant balance leads to oxidative stress. In this article, we discuss the sources of ROS (endogenous and exogenous) and antioxidant mechanisms. We also focus on the pathophysiological significance of oxidative stress in various cell types of the liver. Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of various liver diseases. We narrate the master regulators of ROS-mediated signaling and their contribution to liver diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are influenced by a "multiple parallel-hit model" in which oxidative stress plays a central role. We highlight the recent findings on the role of oxidative stress in the spectrum of NAFLD, including fibrosis and liver cancer. Finally, we provide a brief overview of oxidative stress biomarkers and their therapeutic applications in various liver-related disorders. Overall, the article sheds light on the significance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3167-3192, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Manifold Roles of Ceramide Metabolism in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:157-168. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Li J, Xin Y, Li J, Chen H, Li H. Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase: from Functions to Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 14:879-891. [PMID: 37191416 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Locating on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria associated membrane, Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), catalyzes phosphatidylethanolamine methylation to phosphatidylcholine. As the only endogenous pathway for choline biosynthesis in mammals, the dysregulation of PEMT can lead to imbalance of phospholipid metabolism. Dysregulation of phospholipid metabolism in the liver or heart can lead to deposition of toxic lipid species that adversely result in dysfunction of hepatocyte/cardiomyocyte. Studies have shown that PEMT-/- mice increased susceptibility of diet-induced fatty liver and steatohepatitis. However, knockout of PEMT protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis, diet-induced obesity, and insulin resistance. Thus, novel insights to the function of PEMT in various organs should be summarized. Here, we reviewed the structural and functional properties of PEMT, highlighting its role in the pathogenesis of obesity, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and other conditions.
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26
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Yun W, Qian L, Yuan R, Xu H. Periplocymarin Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure and Excessive Accumulation of Ceramides. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:732554. [PMID: 34869633 PMCID: PMC8639694 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.732554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin-driven cardiotoxicity could result in dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF). Previously, we showed that periplocymarin exerted a cardiotonic role by promoting calcium influx and attenuating myocardial fibrosis induced by isoproterenol (ISO) by improving the metabolism of cardiomyocytes. However, the impact of periplocymarin on doxorubicin (DOX)-triggered cardiomyopathy has not been investigated. In the current study, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely, the control, DOX, and DOX+periplocymarin groups. The cardiac function and apoptosis were measured. Our results revealed that periplocymarin administration greatly improved the DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction manifested by the ejection fraction (EF%), fractional shortening (FS%), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW), left ventricular anterior wall thickness (LVAW), left ventricular (LV) mass, and attenuated DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and western blotting. Further study using H9c2 cells revealed that the pretreatment of periplocymarin suppressed DOX-induced apoptosis evidenced by annexin V staining. Moreover, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis demonstrated that DOX lead to an accumulation in serum ceramide, and the pre-treatment of periplocymarin could reverse this phenomenon. Network pharmacology also demonstrated that ceramide metabolism was involved in the process. Consistently, real-time PCR showed that periplocymarin significantly abolished the induction of the genes involved in the de novo synthesis of ceramide, i.e., CerS2, CerS4, CerS5, and CerS6, and the induction was attributed to the treatment of DOX. Collectively, these results suggested that periplocymarin reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis to protect hearts from DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and the de novo synthesis of ceramides was involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Yun
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruqiang Yuan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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27
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Sumida Y, Yoneda M, Seko Y, Takahashi H, Hara N, Fujii H, Itoh Y, Yoneda M, Nakajima A, Okanoue T. Role of vitamin E in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:391-403. [PMID: 34715296 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and hepatic failure/liver transplantation. Indeed, NASH will soon be the leading cause of HCC and liver transplantation. Lifestyle intervention represents the cornerstone of NASH treatment, but it is difficult to sustain. However, no pharmacotherapies for NASH have been approved. Oxidative stress has been implicated as one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of NASH. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses have confirmed that vitamin E reduces transaminase activities and may resolve NASH histopathology without improving hepatic fibrosis. However, vitamin E is not recommended for the treatment of NASH in diabetes, NAFLD without liver biopsy, NASH cirrhosis, or cryptogenic cirrhosis. Nevertheless, vitamin E supplementation may improve clinical outcomes in patients with NASH and bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. Further studies are warranted to confirm such effects of vitamin E and that it would reduce overall mortality/morbidity without increasing the incidence of cardiovascular events. Future clinical trials of the use of vitamin E in combination with other anti-fibrotic agents may demonstrate an additive or synergistic therapeutic effect. Vitamin E is the first-line pharmacotherapy for NASH, according to the consensus of global academic societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | | - Nagisa Hara
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masashi Yoneda
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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Time-Dependent Changes in Hepatic Sphingolipid Accumulation and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in a Rat Model of NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212478. [PMID: 34830360 PMCID: PMC8618899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased lipid bioavailability in a diet favors lipid accumulation, enhancing hepatic lipotoxicity and contributing to insulin resistance (IR) development. The aim of our study was to examine time-dependent alterations in the intrahepatic content of sphingolipids and insulin signaling pathway in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats receiving a standard diet or HFD for five weeks. At the end of each experimental feeding week, liver sphingolipids were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The expression of proteins from the sphingolipid pathway and glucose transporter expression were assessed by Western blot. The content of phosphorylated form of proteins from the insulin pathway was detected by a multiplex assay kit. Our results revealed that HFD enhanced hepatic ceramide deposition by increasing the expression of selected proteins from sphingomyelin and salvage pathways in the last two weeks. Importantly, we observed a significant inhibition of Akt phosphorylation in the first week of HFD and stimulation of PTEN and mTOR phosphorylation at the end of HFD. These changes worsened the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. We may postulate that HFD-induced reduction in the insulin action in the time-dependent matter was exerted by excessive accumulation of sphingosine and sphinganine rather than ceramide.
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29
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Goon DE, Ab-Rahim S, Mohd Sakri AH, Mazlan M, Tan JK, Abdul Aziz M, Mohd Noor N, Ibrahim E, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH. Untargeted serum metabolites profiling in high-fat diet mice supplemented with enhanced palm tocotrienol-rich fraction using UHPLC-MS. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21001. [PMID: 34697380 PMCID: PMC8546078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive high fat dietary intake promotes risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and predisposed with oxidative stress. Palm based tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) has been reported able to ameliorate oxidative stress but exhibited poor bioavailability. Thus, we investigated whether an enhanced formulation of TRF in combination with palm kernel oil (medium-chain triglycerides) (ETRF) could ameliorate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on leptin-deficient male mice. All the animals were divided into HFD only (HFD group), HFD supplemented with ETRF (ETRF group) and HFD supplemented with TRF (TRF group) and HFD supplemented with PKO (PKO group). After 6 weeks, sera were collected for untargeted metabolite profiling using UHPLC-Orbitrap MS. Univariate analysis unveiled alternation in metabolites for bile acids, amino acids, fatty acids, sphingolipids, and alkaloids. Bile acids, lysine, arachidonic acid, and sphingolipids were downregulated while xanthine and hypoxanthine were upregulated in TRF and ETRF group. The regulation of these metabolites suggests that ETRF may promote better fatty acid oxidation, reduce oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory metabolites and acts as anti-inflammatory in fatty liver compared to TRF. Metabolites regulated by ETRF also provide insight of its role in fatty liver. However, further investigation is warranted to identify the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Efendy Goon
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab-Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Amir Hakimi Mohd Sakri
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Musalmah Mazlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mardiana Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norizal Mohd Noor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Effendi Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
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30
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Vera MC, Lucci A, Ferretti AC, Abbondanzieri AA, Comanzo CG, Lorenzetti F, Pisani GB, Ceballos MP, Alvarez MDL, Carrillo MC, Quiroga AD. The chemoprotective effects of IFN-α-2b on rat hepatocarcinogenesis are blocked by vitamin E supplementation. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 96:108806. [PMID: 34147603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Many cancer patients receive their classical therapies together with vitamin supplements. However, the effectiveness of these strategies is on debate. Here we aimed to evaluate how vitamin E supplementation affects the anticancer effects of interferon (IFN-α) using an early-model of liver cancer development (initiation-promotion, IP). Male Wistar rats subjected to this model were divided as follows: untreated (IP), IP treated with recombinant IFN-α-2b (6.5 × 105 U/kg), IP treated with vitamin E (50 mg/kg), and IP treated with combination of vitamin E and IFN-α-2b. After treatments rats were fasted and euthanized and plasma and livers were collected. Combined administration of vitamin E and IFN-α-2b induced body weight drop, increased liver apoptosis, and low levels of hepatic lipids. Interestingly, vitamin E and IFN-α-2b combination also induced an increase in altered hepatic foci number, but not in size. It seems that vitamin E acts on its antioxidant capability in order to block the oxidative stress induced by IFN-α-2b, blocking in turn its beneficial effects on preneoplastic livers, leading to harmful final effects. In conclusion, this study shows that vitamin E supplementation in IFN-α-2b-treated rats exerts unwanted effects; and highlights that in spite of being natural, nutritional supplements may not always exert beneficial outcomes when used as complementary therapy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Vera
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alvaro Lucci
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Anabela C Ferretti
- Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Carla G Comanzo
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Florencia Lorenzetti
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gerardo B Pisani
- Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María P Ceballos
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Maria de L Alvarez
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina; CAECIHS, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María C Carrillo
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ariel D Quiroga
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina; CAECIHS, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Rosario, Argentina.
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Ayer A, Fazakerley DJ, Suarna C, Maghzal GJ, Sheipouri D, Lee KJ, Bradley MC, Fernández-Del-Rio L, Tumanov S, Kong SM, van der Veen JN, Yang A, Ho JWK, Clarke SG, James DE, Dawes IW, Vance DE, Clarke CF, Jacobs RL, Stocker R. Genetic screening reveals phospholipid metabolism as a key regulator of the biosynthesis of the redox-active lipid coenzyme Q. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102127. [PMID: 34521065 PMCID: PMC8435697 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial energy production and function rely on optimal concentrations of the essential redox-active lipid, coenzyme Q (CoQ). CoQ deficiency results in mitochondrial dysfunction associated with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and a range of pathologies. What drives CoQ deficiency in many of these pathologies is unknown, just as there currently is no effective therapeutic strategy to overcome CoQ deficiency in humans. To date, large-scale studies aimed at systematically interrogating endogenous systems that control CoQ biosynthesis and their potential utility to treat disease have not been carried out. Therefore, we developed a quantitative high-throughput method to determine CoQ concentrations in yeast cells. Applying this method to the Yeast Deletion Collection as a genome-wide screen, 30 genes not known previously to regulate cellular concentrations of CoQ were discovered. In combination with untargeted lipidomics and metabolomics, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) deficiency was confirmed as a positive regulator of CoQ synthesis, the first identified to date. Mechanistically, PEMT deficiency alters mitochondrial concentrations of one-carbon metabolites, characterized by an increase in the S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM-to-SAH) ratio that reflects mitochondrial methylation capacity, drives CoQ synthesis, and is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative stress. The newly described regulatory pathway appears evolutionary conserved, as ablation of PEMT using antisense oligonucleotides increases mitochondrial CoQ in mouse-derived adipocytes that translates to improved glucose utilization by these cells, and protection of mice from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Our studies reveal a previously unrecognized relationship between two spatially distinct lipid pathways with potential implications for the treatment of CoQ deficiencies, mitochondrial oxidative stress/dysfunction, and associated diseases. Mitochondrial CoQ deficiency results in oxidative stress and a range of pathologies The drivers of mitochondrial CoQ deficiency remain largely unknown PEMT deficiency is the first identified positive regulator of mitochondrial CoQ PEMT deficiency increases CoQ by increasing the mitochondrial SAM-to-SAH ratio PEMT deficiency prevents insulin resistance by increasing mitochondrial CoQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cacang Suarna
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Diba Sheipouri
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kevin J Lee
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle C Bradley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Lucía Fernández-Del-Rio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Sergey Tumanov
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie My Kong
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jelske N van der Veen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrian Yang
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua W K Ho
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Laboratory for Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian W Dawes
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dennis E Vance
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - René L Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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32
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Pescador-Tapia A, Silva-Martínez GA, Fragoso-Bargas N, Rodríguez-Ríos D, Esteller M, Moran S, Zaina S, Lund G. Distinct Associations of BMI and Fatty Acids With DNA Methylation in Fasting and Postprandial States in Men. Front Genet 2021; 12:665769. [PMID: 34025721 PMCID: PMC8138173 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.665769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that blood global DNA methylation (DNAm) differs between postprandial state (PS) and fasting state (FS) and is associated with BMI and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (negatively and positively, respectively) in 12 metabolically healthy adult Mexican men (AMM cohort) equally distributed among conventional BMI classes. Here, we detailed those associations at CpG dinucleotide level by exploiting the Infinium methylation EPIC array (Illumina). We sought differentially methylated CpG (dmCpG) that were (1) associated with BMI (BMI-dmCpG) and/or fatty acids (FA) (FA-dmCpG) in FS or PS and (2) different across FS and PS within a BMI class. BMI-dmCpG and FA-dmCpG were more numerous in FS compared to PS and largely prandial state-specific. For saturated and monounsaturated FA, dmCpG overlap was higher across than within the respective saturation group. Several BMI- and FA-dmCpG mapped to genes involved in metabolic disease and in some cases matched published experimental data sets. Notably, SETDB1 and MTHFS promoter dmCpG could explain the previously observed associations between global DNAm, PUFA content, and BMI in FS. Surprisingly, overlap between BMI-dmCpG and FA-dmCpG was limited and the respective dmCpG were differentially distributed across functional genomic elements. BMI-dmCpG showed the highest overlap with dmCpG of the saturated FA palmitate, monounsaturated C20:1 and PUFA C20:2. Of these, selected promoter BMI-dmCpG showed opposite associations with palmitate compared to C20:1 and C20:2. As for the comparison between FS and PS within BMI classes, dmCpG were strikingly more abundant and variably methylated in overweight relative to normoweight or obese subjects (∼70–139-fold, respectively). Overweight-associated dmCpG-hosting genes were significantly enriched in targets for E47, SREBP1, and RREB1 transcription factors, which are known players in obesity and lipid homeostasis, but none overlapped with BMI-dmCpG. We show for the first time that the association of BMI and FA with methylation of disease-related genes is distinct in FS and PS and that limited overlap exists between BMI- and FA-dmCpG within and across prandial states. Our study also identifies a transcriptional regulation circuitry in overweight that might contribute to adaptation to that condition or to transition to obesity. Further work is necessary to define the pathophysiological implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillermo A Silva-Martínez
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Mexico.,Celaya Technological Institute, Celaya, Mexico
| | | | | | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Silvio Zaina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, Mexico
| | - Gertrud Lund
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Mexico
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33
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Regulation of cell growth, survival and migration by ceramide 1-phosphate - implications in lung cancer progression and inflammation. Cell Signal 2021; 83:109980. [PMID: 33727076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that is implicated in the regulation of vital cellular functions and plays key roles in a number of inflammation-associated pathologies. C1P was first described as mitogenic for fibroblasts and macrophages and was later found to promote cell survival in different cell types. The mechanisms involved in the mitogenic actions of C1P include activation of MEK/ERK1-2, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, or PKC-α, whereas promotion of cell survival required a substantial reduction of ceramide levels through inhibition of serine palmitoyl transferase or sphingomyelinase activities. C1P and ceramide kinase (CerK), the enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis in mammalian cells, play key roles in tumor promotion and dissemination. CerK-derived C1P can be secreted to the extracellular milieu by different cell types and is also present in extracellular vesicles. In this context, whilst cell proliferation is regulated by intracellularly generated C1P, stimulation of cell migration/invasion requires the intervention of exogenous C1P. Regarding inflammation, C1P was first described as pro-inflammatory in a variety of cell types. However, cigarette smoke- or lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in mouse or human cells was overcome by pretreatment with natural or synthetic C1P analogs. Both acute and chronic lung inflammation, and the development of lung emphysema were substantially reduced by exogenous C1P applications, pointing to an anti-inflammatory action of C1P in the lungs. The molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cell growth, survival and migration with especial emphasis in the control of lung cancer biology are discussed.
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34
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Podszun MC, Frank J. Impact of vitamin E on redox biomarkers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101937. [PMID: 33773953 PMCID: PMC8113042 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in Western nations and characterized by excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence from human trials that free radical-induced oxidation of macromolecules, in particular of lipids, is a characteristic feature of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We further synthesize the data in the scientific literature describing the impact of vitamin E (mainly α-tocopherol) on concentrations of redox biomarkers in liver biopsies from patients with NAFLD as well as animal experiments. In summary, the available evidence from clinical trials suggests that reactive species-mediated damage to macromolecules, predominantly lipids, occurs in NAFLD and NASH and that daily supplementation with at least 200 I.U. α-tocopherol may alleviate oxidative stress in the liver of NAFLD patients. We propose α-tocopherol as a useful model substance to identify and validate suitable redox biomarkers that may be employed in future clinical trials of new therapeutics for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren C Podszun
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Germany.
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Germany
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35
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Ding Z, Chen M, Tao X, Liu Y, He J, Wang T, Li X. Synergistic Treatment of Obesity via Locally Promoting Beige Adipogenesis and Antioxidative Defense in Adipose Tissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:727-738. [PMID: 33397089 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Current antiobesity medications need frequent administration and show limited efficacy with severe side effects. Herein, browning agent rosiglitazone (Rsg) and antioxidant manganese tetroxide nanoparticles (MnNPs, around 250 nm) are integrated into electrospun short fibers (SF@Rsg-Mn) with a 1.5 μm width and a 20 μm length. Upon injection into inguinal adipose tissues, SF@Rsg-Mn are well retained in the local depots to sustainably release Rsg in 30 days for adipose tissue browning, while MnNPs on the fiber surface continuously scavenge adipose reactive oxygen species (ROS) for an extended period of time. Synergistic inhibition of fat accumulation through ROS scavenging and white adipocyte browning has been demonstrated for the first time, and the optimal synergistic ratio of Rsg and MnNPs is determined to be 1/14 via combination index examination. SF@Rsg-Mn inhibit lipid accumulation through downregulation of adipogenic gene PPARγ while promoting energy expenditure through upregulation of brown-specific gene UCP1 and mitochondrial function gene COX7A1. In a diet-induced obesity mouse model, a single injection of SF@Rsg-Mn into inguinal adipose tissues has accomplished a synergistic effect on body weight loss, fat reduction, glucose, and lipid metabolic improvement while minimizing adverse effects on other tissues, thereby paving the way to efficacious, safe, and practical treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Maohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.,Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
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36
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Xu N, Luo H, Li M, Wu J, Wu X, Chen L, Gan Y, Guan F, Li M, Su Z, Chen J, Liu Y. β-patchoulene improves lipid metabolism to alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via activating AMPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111104. [PMID: 33341045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been a leading cause of chronic metabolic disease, seriously posing healthy burdens to the public, whereas interventions available for it are limited to date. Patchouli oil had been reported to attenuate hepatic steatosis in our previous study. β-patchoulene (β-PAE) is a representative component separated from patchouli oil with multiple activities, but its effect against NAFLD is still unknown. To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of β-PAE on NAFLD, we used high fat diet (HFD) in vivo and free fatty acid (FFA) in vitro to induce hepatic steatosis in rats and L02 cells, respectively. Histological examination was evaluated via Hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O staining. The parameters for hepatic steatosis were estimated via biochemical kits, western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Compound C, the inhibitor of AMPK, was applied further to examine the precise mechanism of β-PAE on NAFLD. Our results indicated that β-PAE significantly attenuated HFD-induced weight gain, hepatic injury, lipid deposition in serum and hepatic tissue as well as FFA induced-lipid accumulation. Besides, β-PAE markedly improved the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream factors which correlate with hepatic lipid synthesis and oxidation in vivo and in vitro. Nevertheless, Compound C abrogated the benefits derived from β-PAE in L02 cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that β-PAE exerts AMPK agonist-like effect to regulate hepatic lipid synthesis and oxidation, eventually prevent NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Minyao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiazhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuxuan Gan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Fengkun Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan & Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Cooperative Academy of Mathematical Engineering for Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan & Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Cooperative Academy of Mathematical Engineering for Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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37
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Presa N, Dominguez-Herrera A, van der Veen JN, Vance DE, Gómez-Muñoz A. Implication of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in adipocyte differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Han H, Desert R, Das S, Song Z, Athavale D, Ge X, Nieto N. Danger signals in liver injury and restoration of homeostasis. J Hepatol 2020; 73:933-951. [PMID: 32371195 PMCID: PMC7502511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns are signalling molecules involved in inflammatory responses and restoration of homeostasis. Chronic release of these molecules can also promote inflammation in the context of liver disease. Herein, we provide a comprehensive summary of the role of damage-associated molecular patterns as danger signals in liver injury. We consider the role of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species as inducers of damage-associated molecular patterns, as well as how specific damage-associated molecular patterns participate in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases such as alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and liver cancer. In addition, we discuss the role of damage-associated molecular patterns in ischaemia reperfusion injury and liver transplantation and highlight current studies in which blockade of specific damage-associated molecular patterns has proven beneficial in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Romain Desert
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sukanta Das
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dipti Athavale
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 1020N, MC 787, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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39
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Podszun MC, Alawad AS, Lingala S, Morris N, Huang WCA, Yang S, Schoenfeld M, Rolt A, Ouwerkerk R, Valdez K, Umarova R, Ma Y, Fatima SZ, Lin DD, Mahajan LS, Samala N, Violet PC, Levine M, Shamburek R, Gharib AM, Kleiner DE, Garraffo HM, Cai H, Walter PJ, Rotman Y. Vitamin E treatment in NAFLD patients demonstrates that oxidative stress drives steatosis through upregulation of de-novo lipogenesis. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101710. [PMID: 32920226 PMCID: PMC7494510 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) promotes liver injury and inflammation. Treatment with vitamin E (α-tocopherol, αT), a lipid-soluble antioxidant, improves liver injury but also decreases steatosis, thought to be upstream of OS, through an unknown mechanism. To elucidate the mechanism, we combined a mechanistic human trial interrogating pathways of intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) accumulation and in vitro experiments. 50% of NAFLD patients (n = 20) treated with αT (200-800 IU/d) for 24 weeks had a ≥ 25% relative decrease in IHTG by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Paired liver biopsies at baseline and week 4 of treatment revealed a decrease in markers of hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) that strongly predicted week 24 response. In vitro, using HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes, αT inhibited glucose-induced DNL by decreasing SREBP-1 processing and lipogenic gene expression. This mechanism is dependent on the antioxidant capacity of αT, as redox-silenced methoxy-αT is unable to inhibit DNL in vitro. OS by itself was sufficient to increase S2P expression in vitro, and S2P is upregulated in NAFLD livers. In summary, we utilized αT to demonstrate a vicious cycle in which NAFLD generates OS, which feeds back to augment DNL and increases steatosis. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01792115.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren C Podszun
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad S Alawad
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shilpa Lingala
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nevitt Morris
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Chun A Huang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shanna Yang
- Nutrition Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan Schoenfeld
- Nutrition Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam Rolt
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald Ouwerkerk
- Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Valdez
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Regina Umarova
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yanling Ma
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Syeda Zaheen Fatima
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dennis D Lin
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Mahajan
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niharika Samala
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pierre-Christian Violet
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Levine
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Shamburek
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmed M Gharib
- Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David E Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H Martin Garraffo
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongyi Cai
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Walter
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Duarte C, Akkaoui J, Yamada C, Ho A, Mao C, Movila A. Elusive Roles of the Different Ceramidases in Human Health, Pathophysiology, and Tissue Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061379. [PMID: 32498325 PMCID: PMC7349419 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and sphingosine are important interconvertible sphingolipid metabolites which govern various signaling pathways related to different aspects of cell survival and senescence. The conversion of ceramide into sphingosine is mediated by ceramidases. Altogether, five human ceramidases—named acid ceramidase, neutral ceramidase, alkaline ceramidase 1, alkaline ceramidase 2, and alkaline ceramidase 3—have been identified as having maximal activities in acidic, neutral, and alkaline environments, respectively. All five ceramidases have received increased attention for their implications in various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and Farber disease. Furthermore, the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ceramidases in host cells exposed to pathogenic bacteria and viruses have also been demonstrated. While ceramidases have been a subject of study in recent decades, our knowledge of their pathophysiology remains limited. Thus, this review provides a critical evaluation and interpretive analysis of existing literature on the role of acid, neutral, and alkaline ceramidases in relation to human health and various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. In addition, the essential impact of ceramidases on tissue regeneration, as well as their usefulness in enzyme replacement therapy, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Duarte
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324, USA; (J.A.); (C.Y.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (A.M.); Tel.: +1-954-262-7306 (A.M.)
| | - Juliet Akkaoui
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324, USA; (J.A.); (C.Y.); (A.H.)
| | - Chiaki Yamada
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324, USA; (J.A.); (C.Y.); (A.H.)
| | - Anny Ho
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324, USA; (J.A.); (C.Y.); (A.H.)
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, The State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Cancer Center, The State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324, USA; (J.A.); (C.Y.); (A.H.)
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324, USA
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (A.M.); Tel.: +1-954-262-7306 (A.M.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This is a review of the research on the effectiveness of vitamin supplementation for alcoholism and alcohol-related illnesses. The focus is on research, both clinical and basic on alcohol treatment and nutritional effectiveness of these vital nutrients. RECENT FINDINGS Most of the research involves basic experiments exploring the impact of vitamin depletion or deficits on physiological systems, especially liver and brain, in rodents. These often include behavioral measures that use cognitive, learning/memory and motivation experiments that model clinical studies. These provide support for hypotheses concerning the impact of such deficiencies in clinical populations. Clinical studies are rare and involve evaluation of the outcome of supplementation usually in the context of a treatment program. Specific vitamins, dosages and treatment programs vary. Deficiencies in retinoids (vitamin A), thiamine (B1) and niacin (B3) are the most frequently investigated. However, there is a greater need for further research on other vitamins, and for more uniform supplementation and treatment procedures. SUMMARY The literature is primarily basic research on specific vitamins. There are very significant findings with individual vitamin supplementation and combinations that show promise of our understanding of the role of vitamins in the disease of alcoholism and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, USA
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Presa N, Gomez-Larrauri A, Dominguez-Herrera A, Trueba M, Gomez-Muñoz A. Novel signaling aspects of ceramide 1-phosphate. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158630. [PMID: 31958571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) regulates key physiologic cell functions and is implicated in a number of metabolic alterations and pathological processes. Initial studies using different types of fibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages revealed that C1P was mitogenic and that it promoted cell survival through inhibition of apoptosis. Subsequent studies implicated C1P in inflammatory responses with a specific role as pro-inflammatory agent. Specifically, C1P potently stimulated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) resulting in elevation of arachidonic acid and pro-inflammatory eicosanoid levels. However, increasing experimental evidence suggests that C1P can also exert anti-inflammatory actions in some cell types and tissues. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that C1P inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and blocks activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in some cell types. Moreover, C1P was shown to increase the release of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 in macrophages, and to overcome airway inflammation and reduce lung emphysema in vivo. Noteworthy, C1P stimulated cell migration, an action that is associated with diverse physiological cell functions, as well as with inflammatory responses and tumor dissemination. More recently, ceramide kinase (CerK), the enzyme that produces C1P in mammalian cells, has been shown to be upregulated during differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes, and that exogenous C1P, acting through a putative Gi protein-coupled receptor, negatively regulates adipogenesis. Although the latter actions seem to be contradictory, it is plausible that exogenous C1P may balance the adipogenic effects of intracellularly generated (CerK-derived) C1P in adipose tissue. The present review highlights novel signaling aspects of C1P and its impact in the regulation of cell growth and survival, inflammation and tumor dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Presa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Ana Gomez-Larrauri
- Department of Pneumology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Asier Dominguez-Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Miguel Trueba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Antonio Gomez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain.
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Sphingolipids in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Ceramide Turnover. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010040. [PMID: 31861664 PMCID: PMC6982102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD comprises a group of conditions characterized by the accumulation of hepatic lipids that can eventually lead to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fifth most common cancer type with a poor survival rate. In this context, several works have pointed out perturbations in lipid metabolism and, particularly, changes in bioactive sphingolipids, as a hallmark of NAFLD and derived HCC. In the present work, we have reviewed existing literature about sphingolipids and the development of NAFLD and NAFLD-derived HCC. During metabolic syndrome, considered a risk factor for steatosis development, an increase in ceramide and sphigosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been reported. Likewise, other reports have highlighted that increased sphingomyelin and ceramide content is observed during steatosis and NASH. Ceramide also plays a role in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, acting synergistically with S1P. Finally, during HCC, metabolic fluxes are redirected to reduce cellular ceramide levels whilst increasing S1P to support tumor growth.
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