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Dauplais M, Romero S, Lazard M. Exposure to Selenomethionine and Selenocystine Induces Redox-Mediated ER Stress in Normal Breast Epithelial MCF-10A Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04244-y. [PMID: 38777874 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element co-translationally incorporated into selenoproteins with important biological functions. Health benefits have long been associated with selenium supplementation. However, cytotoxicity is observed upon excessive selenium intake. The aim of this study is to investigate the metabolic pathways underlying the response to the selenium-containing amino acids selenomethionine and selenocysteine in a normal human breast epithelial cell model. We show that both selenomethionine and selenocystine inhibit the proliferation of non-cancerous MCF-10A cells in the same concentration range as cancerous MCF-7 and Hela cells, which results in apoptotic cell death. Selenocystine exposure in MCF-10A cells caused a severe depletion of free low molecular weight thiols, which might explain the observed upregulation of the expression of the oxidative stress pathway transcription factor NRF2. Both selenomethionine and selenocystine induced the expression of target genes of the unfolded protein response (GRP78, ATF4, CHOP). Using a redox-sensitive fluorescent probe targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we show that both selenoamino acids shifted the ER redox balance towards an even more oxidizing environment. These results suggest that alteration of the redox state of the ER may disrupt protein folding and cause ER stress-induced apoptosis in MCF-10A cells exposed to selenoamino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dauplais
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de La Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP, Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stephane Romero
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de La Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP, Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Myriam Lazard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de La Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP, Paris, Palaiseau, France.
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2
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Natural Sources of Selenium as Functional Food Products for Chemoprevention. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061247. [PMID: 36981172 PMCID: PMC10048267 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, the incidence of which is increasing annually. Interest has recently grown in the anti-cancer effect of functional foods rich in selenium (Se). Although clinical studies are inconclusive and anti-cancer mechanisms of Se are not fully understood, daily doses of 100–200 µg of Se may inhibit genetic damage and the development of cancer in humans. The anti-cancer effects of this trace element are associated with high doses of Se supplements. The beneficial anti-cancer properties of Se and the difficulty in meeting the daily requirements for this micronutrient in some populations make it worth considering the use of functional foods enriched in Se. This review evaluated studies on the anti-cancer activity of the most used functional products rich in Se on the European market.
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Abstract
In recent times Gallbladder cancer (GBC) incidences increased many folds in India and are being reported from arsenic hotspots identified in Bihar. The study aims to establish association between arsenic exposure and gallbladder carcinogenesis. In the present study, n = 200 were control volunteers and n = 152 confirmed gallbladder cancer cases. The studied GBC patient's biological samples-gallbladder tissue, gallbladder stone, bile, blood and hair samples were collected for arsenic estimation. Moreover, n = 512 gallbladder cancer patients blood samples were also evaluated for the presence of arsenic to understand exposure level in the population. A significantly high arsenic concentration (p < 0.05) was detected in the blood samples with maximum concentration 389 µg/L in GBC cases in comparison to control. Similarly, in the gallbladder cancer patients, there was significantly high arsenic concentration observed in gallbladder tissue with highest concentration of 2166 µg/kg, in gallbladder stones 635 µg/kg, in bile samples 483 µg/L and in hair samples 6980 µg/kg respectively. Moreover, the n = 512 gallbladder cancer patient's blood samples study revealed very significant arsenic concentration in the population of Bihar with maximum arsenic concentration as 746 µg/L. The raised arsenic concentration in the gallbladder cancer patients' biological samples-gallbladder tissue, gallbladder stone, bile, blood, and hair samples was significantly very high in the arsenic exposed area. The study denotes that the gallbladder disease burden is very high in the arsenic exposed area of Bihar. The findings do provide a strong link between arsenic contamination and increased gallbladder carcinogenesis.
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst K, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Peláez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Aggett P, Crous Bou M, Cubadda F, Ciccolallo L, de Sesmaisons Lecarré A, Fabiani L, Titz A, Naska A. Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07704. [PMID: 36698500 PMCID: PMC9854220 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for selenium. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted to identify evidence regarding excess selenium intake and clinical effects and potential biomarkers of effect, risk of chronic diseases and impaired neuropsychological development in humans. Alopecia, as an early observable feature and a well-established adverse effect of excess selenium exposure, is selected as the critical endpoint on which to base a UL for selenium. A lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) of 330 μg/day is identified from a large randomised controlled trial in humans (the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)), to which an uncertainty factor of 1.3 is applied. A UL of 255 μg/day is established for adult men and women (including pregnant and lactating women). ULs for children are derived from the UL for adults using allometric scaling (body weight0.75). Based on available intake data, adult consumers are unlikely to exceed the UL, except for regular users of food supplements containing high daily doses of selenium or regular consumers of Brazil nuts. No risk has been reported with the current levels of selenium intake in European countries from food (excluding food supplements) in toddlers and children, and selenium intake arising from the natural content of foods does not raise reasons for concern. Selenium-containing supplements in toddlers and children should be used with caution, based on individual needs.
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Cysteine-Activated Small-Molecule H 2Se Donors Inspired by Synthetic H 2S Donors. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3957-3967. [PMID: 35192764 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The importance of selenium (Se) in biology and health has become increasingly clear. Hydrogen selenide (H2Se), the biologically available and active form of Se, is suggested to be an emerging nitric oxide (NO)-like signaling molecule. Nevertheless, the research on H2Se chemical biology has technique difficulties due to the lack of well-characterized and controllable H2Se donors under physiological conditions, as well as a robust assay for direct H2Se quantification. Motivated by these needs, here, we demonstrate that selenocyclopropenones and selenoamides are tunable donor motifs that release H2Se upon reaction with cysteine (Cys) at pH 7.4 and that structural modifications enable the rate of Cys-mediated H2Se release to be tuned. We monitored the reaction pathways for the H2Se release and confirmed H2Se generation qualitatively using different methods. We further developed a quantitative assay for direct H2Se trapping and quantitation in an aqueous solution, which should also be operative for investigating future H2Se donor motifs. In addition, we demonstrate that arylselenoamide has the capability of Cys-mediated H2Se release in cellular environments. Importantly, mechanistic investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations illustrate the plausible pathways of Cys-activated H2Se release from arylselenoamides in detail, which may help understand the mechanistic issues of the H2S release from pharmacologically important arylthioamides. We anticipate that the well-defined chemistries of Cys-activated H2Se donor motifs will be useful for studying Se biology and for development of new H2Se donors and bioconjugate techniques.
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Potential Role of Selenium in the Treatment of Cancer and Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042215. [PMID: 35216330 PMCID: PMC8879146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium has been extensively evaluated clinically as a chemopreventive agent with variable results depending on the type and dose of selenium used. Selenium species are now being therapeutically evaluated as modulators of drug responses rather than as directly cytotoxic agents. In addition, recent data suggest an association between selenium base-line levels in blood and survival of patients with COVID-19. The major focus of this mini review was to summarize: the pathways of selenium metabolism; the results of selenium-based chemopreventive clinical trials; the potential for using selenium metabolites as therapeutic modulators of drug responses in cancer (clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in particular); and selenium usage alone or in combination with vaccines in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Critical therapeutic targets and the potential role of different selenium species, doses, and schedules were discussed.
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Markley RL, Restori KH, Katkere B, Sumner SE, Nicol MJ, Tyryshkina A, Nettleford SK, Williamson DR, Place DE, Dewan KK, Shay AE, Carlson BA, Girirajan S, Prabhu KS, Kirimanjeswara GS. Macrophage Selenoproteins Restrict Intracellular Replication of Francisella tularensis and Are Essential for Host Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701341. [PMID: 34777335 PMCID: PMC8586653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential micronutrient Selenium (Se) is co-translationally incorporated as selenocysteine into proteins. Selenoproteins contain one or more selenocysteines and are vital for optimum immunity. Interestingly, many pathogenic bacteria utilize Se for various biological processes suggesting that Se may play a role in bacterial pathogenesis. A previous study had speculated that Francisella tularensis, a facultative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of tularemia, sequesters Se by upregulating Se-metabolism genes in type II alveolar epithelial cells. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of host vs. pathogen-associated selenoproteins in bacterial disease using F. tularensis as a model organism. We found that F. tularensis was devoid of any Se utilization traits, neither incorporated elemental Se, nor exhibited Se-dependent growth. However, 100% of Se-deficient mice (0.01 ppm Se), which express low levels of selenoproteins, succumbed to F. tularensis-live vaccine strain pulmonary challenge, whereas 50% of mice on Se-supplemented (0.4 ppm Se) and 25% of mice on Se-adequate (0.1 ppm Se) diet succumbed to infection. Median survival time for Se-deficient mice was 8 days post-infection while Se-supplemented and -adequate mice was 11.5 and >14 days post-infection, respectively. Se-deficient macrophages permitted significantly higher intracellular bacterial replication than Se-supplemented macrophages ex vivo, corroborating in vivo observations. Since Francisella replicates in alveolar macrophages during the acute phase of pneumonic infection, we hypothesized that macrophage-specific host selenoproteins may restrict replication and systemic spread of bacteria. F. tularensis infection led to an increased expression of several macrophage selenoproteins, suggesting their key role in limiting bacterial replication. Upon challenge with F. tularensis, mice lacking selenoproteins in macrophages (TrspM) displayed lower survival and increased bacterial burden in the lung and systemic tissues in comparison to WT littermate controls. Furthermore, macrophages from TrspM mice were unable to restrict bacterial replication ex vivo in comparison to macrophages from littermate controls. We herein describe a novel function of host macrophage-specific selenoproteins in restriction of intracellular bacterial replication. These data suggest that host selenoproteins may be considered as novel targets for modulating immune response to control a bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Markley
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Katherine H. Restori
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Bhuvana Katkere
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Sarah E. Sumner
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - McKayla J. Nicol
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Anastasia Tyryshkina
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Shaneice K. Nettleford
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - David R. Williamson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - David E. Place
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kalyan K. Dewan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ashley E. Shay
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- Office of Research Support, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Santhosh Girirajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Girish S. Kirimanjeswara
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Girish S. Kirimanjeswara,
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8
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Katarzyna B, Taylor RM, Szpunar J, Lobinski R, Sunde RA. Identification and determination of selenocysteine, selenosugar, and other selenometabolites in turkey liver. Metallomics 2021; 12:758-766. [PMID: 32211715 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Liver and other tissues accumulate selenium (Se) when animals are supplemented with high dietary Se as inorganic Se. To further study selenometabolites in Se-deficient, Se-adequate, and high-Se liver, turkey poults were fed 0, 0.4, and 5 μg Se g-1 diet as Na2SeO3 (Se(iv)) in a Se-deficient (0.005 μg Se g-1) diet for 28 days, and the effects of Se status determined using HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. No selenomethionine (SeMet) was detected in liver in turkeys fed either this true Se-deficient diet or supplemented with inorganic Se, showing that turkeys cannot synthesize SeMet de novo from inorganic Se. Selenocysteine (Sec) was also below the level of detection in Se-deficient liver, as expected in animals with negligible selenoprotein levels. Sec content in high Se liver only doubled as compared to Se-adequate liver, indicating that the 6-fold increase in liver Se was not due to increases in selenoproteins. What increased dramatically in high Se liver were low molecular weight (MW) selenometabolites: glutathione-, cysteine- and methyl-conjugates of the selenosugar, seleno-N-acetyl galactosamine (SeGalNac). Substantial Se in Se-adequate liver was present as selenosugars decorating general proteins via mixed-disulfide bonds. In high-Se liver, these "selenosugar-decorated" proteins comprised ∼50% of the Se in the water-soluble fraction, in addition to low MW selenometabolites. In summary, more Se is present as the selenosugar moiety in Se-adequate liver, mostly decorating general proteins, than is present as Sec in selenoproteins. With high Se supplementation, increased selenosugar formation occurs, further increasing selenosugar-decorated proteins, but also increasing selenosugar linked to low MW thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bierla Katarzyna
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 5254, Hélioparc, 64053 Pau, France
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9
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Chuai H, Zhang SQ, Bai H, Li J, Wang Y, Sun J, Wen E, Zhang J, Xin M. Small molecule selenium-containing compounds: Recent development and therapeutic applications. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113621. [PMID: 34217061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient of organism and has important function. It participates in the functions of selenoprotein in several manners. In recent years, Se has attracted much attention because of its therapeutic potential against several diseases. Many natural and synthetic organic Se-containing compounds were studied and explored for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Studies have showed that incorporation of Se atom into small molecules significantly enhanced their bioactivities. In this paper, according to different applications and structural characteristics, the research progress and therapeutic application of Se-containing compounds are reviewed, and more than 110 Se-containing compounds were selected as representatives which showed potent activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antifibrolytic, antiparasitic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and central nervous system related effects. This review is expected to provide a basis for further study of new promising Se-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chuai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - San-Qi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Huanrong Bai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Henan Xibaikang Health Industry Co., Ltd, Jiyuan, Henan, 459006, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Henan Xibaikang Health Industry Co., Ltd, Jiyuan, Henan, 459006, PR China
| | - Jiajia Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Ergang Wen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Minhang Xin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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Poluboyarinov PA, Elistratov DG, Moiseeva IJ. Antitumor Activity of Selenium and Search Parameters for Its New Potentially Active Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Li P, Ning Y, Wang W, Guo X, Poulet B, Wang X, Wen Y, Han J, Hao J, Liang X, Liu L, Du Y, Cheng B, Cheng S, Zhang L, Ma M, Qi X, Liang C, Wu C, Wang S, Zhao H, Zhao G, Goldring MB, Zhang F, Xu P. The integrative analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles confirmed the role of selenocompound metabolism pathway in Kashin-Beck disease. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2351-2366. [PMID: 32816579 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1807665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic chronic osteochondropathy. The etiology of KBD remains unknown. In this study, we conducted an integrative analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles between KBD and normal controls to identify novel candidate genes and pathways for KBD. Articular cartilage samples from 17 grade III KBD patients and 17 healthy controls were used in this study. DNA methylation profiling of knee cartilage and mRNA expression profile data were obtained from our previous studies. InCroMAP was performed to integrative analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles and mRNA expression profiles. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was conducted by online DAVID 6.7. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and lentiviral vector transfection were used to validate one of the identified pathways. We identified 298 common genes (such as COL4A1, HOXA13, TNFAIP6 and TGFBI), 36 GO terms (including collagen function, skeletal system development, growth factor), and 32 KEGG pathways associated with KBD (including Selenocompound metabolism pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway). Our results suggest the dysfunction of many genes and pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of KBD, most importantly, both the integrative analysis and in vitro study in KBD cartilage highlighted the importance of selenocompound metabolism pathway in the pathogenesis of KBD for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Ning
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Weizhuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Blandine Poulet
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, UK
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Han
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Jingcan Hao
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Chujun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Hongmou Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Red Cross Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Red Cross Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Mary B Goldring
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Red Cross Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
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12
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Hariharan S, Dharmaraj S. Selenium and selenoproteins: it's role in regulation of inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:667-695. [PMID: 32144521 PMCID: PMC7222958 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Selenium is an essential immunonutrient which holds the human’s metabolic activity with its chemical bonds. The organic forms of selenium naturally present in human body are selenocysteine and selenoproteins. These forms have a unique way of synthesis and translational coding. Selenoproteins act as antioxidant warriors for thyroid regulation, male-fertility enhancement, and anti-inflammatory actions. They also participate indirectly in the mechanism of wound healing as oxidative stress reducers. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is the major selenoprotein present in the human body, which assists in the control of excessive production of free radical at the site of inflammation. Other than GPX, other selenoproteins include selenoprotein-S that regulates the inflammatory cytokines and selenoprotein-P that serves as an inducer of homeostasis. Previously, reports were mainly focused on the cellular and molecular mechanism of wound healing with reference to various animal models and cell lines. In this review, the role of selenium and its possible routes in translational decoding of selenocysteine, synthesis of selenoproteins, systemic action of selenoproteins and their indirect assimilation in the process of wound healing are explained in detail. Some of the selenium containing compounds which can acts as cancer preventive and therapeutics are also discussed. These compounds directly or indirectly exhibit antioxidant properties which can sustain the intracellular redox status and these activities protect the healthy cells from reactive oxygen species induced oxidative damage. Although the review covers the importance of selenium/selenoproteins in wound healing process, still some unresolved mystery persists which may be resolved in near future. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Hariharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Eachanari Post, Pollachi Main Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - Selvakumar Dharmaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Eachanari Post, Pollachi Main Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India.
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Alhasan R, Kharma A, Leroy P, Jacob C, Gaucher C. Selenium Donors at the Junction of Inflammatory Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1707-1716. [PMID: 31267853 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701153903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential non-metal trace element, and the imbalance in the bioavailability of selenium is associated with many diseases ranking from acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial infarction and renal failure (Se overloading) to diseases associated with chronic inflammation like inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis (Se unload). The only source of selenium is the diet (animal and cereal sources) and its intestinal absorption is limiting for selenocysteine and selenomethionine synthesis and incorporation in selenoproteins. In this review, after establishing the link between selenium and inflammatory diseases, we envisaged the potential of selenium nanoparticles and organic selenocompounds to compensate the deficit of selenium intake from the diet. With high selenium loading, nanoparticles offer a low dosage to restore selenium bioavailability whereas organic selenocompounds can play a role in the modulation of their antioxidant or antiinflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Alhasan
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Ammar Kharma
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Pierre Leroy
- Universite de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
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Zheng W, He R, Boada R, Subirana MA, Ginman T, Ottosson H, Valiente M, Zhao Y, Hassan M. A general covalent binding model between cytotoxic selenocompounds and albumin revealed by mass spectrometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1274. [PMID: 31988319 PMCID: PMC6985102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenocompounds (SeCs) are promising therapeutic agents for a wide range of diseases including cancer. The treatment results are heterogeneous and dependent on both the chemical species and the concentration of SeCs. Moreover, the mechanisms of action are poorly revealed, which most probably is due to the detection methods where the quantification is based on the total selenium as an element. To understand the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous cytotoxicity of SeCs and to determine their pharmacokinetics, we investigated selenium speciation of six SeCs representing different categories using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and the cytotoxicity using leukemic cells. SeCs cytotoxicity was correlated with albumin binding degree as revealed by LC-MS and XAS. Further analysis corroborated the covalent binding between selenol intermediates of SeCs and albumin thiols. On basis of the Se-S model, pharmacokinetic properties of four SeCs were for the first time profiled. In summary, we have shown that cytotoxic SeCs could spontaneously transform into selenol intermediates that immediately react with albumin thiols through Se-S bond. The heterogeneous albumin binding degree may predict the variability in cytotoxicity. The present knowledge will also guide further kinetic and mechanistic investigations in both experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zheng
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden.,ECM, Clinical Research Center and Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui He
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden.,ECM, Clinical Research Center and Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Boada
- Centre GTS, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Maria Angels Subirana
- Centre GTS, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | | | - Håkan Ottosson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Manuel Valiente
- Centre GTS, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Ying Zhao
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden. .,ECM, Clinical Research Center and Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, 141 86, Sweden. .,ECM, Clinical Research Center and Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Babaer D, Zheng M, Ivy MT, Zent R, Tiriveedhi V. Methylselenol producing selenocompounds enhance the efficiency of mammaglobin-A peptide vaccination against breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6891-6898. [PMID: 31807192 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous phase I DNA-vaccine based clinical trials using Mammaglobin-A (Mam-A), a human breast tumor associated antigen (TAA), demonstrated that this agent was safe and efficient at treating patients with stage IV breast cancer. The long-term success of cancer vaccines is limited by the diminished expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules in the tumor microenvironment. The current study assessed the impact of various selenocompounds on the expression of HLA class I molecules in THP-1 cells, an apparent proficient antigen that presents a human monocyte-like cell line, and their eventual activation of MamA2.1 (HLA-A2 immunodominant epitope of Mam-A) specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs). The results revealed that, following treatment with methylselenol producing compounds [methylselenic acid (MSA) and dimethylselenide (DMDSe)], the expression of HLA class-I was increased and components involved with the antigen presentation machinery of THP-1 cells were upregulated. Furthermore, CTLs activated by MamA2.1 peptide presenting THP-1 cells, pre-treated with MSA and DMDSe, demonstrated an enhanced cytotoxicity in HLA-A2+/Mam-A+ AU565 and UACC-812 breast cancer cell lines when compared with CTLs activated by THP-1 cells without drug treatment. However, no significant cytotoxicity was observed under similar conditions in HLA-A2+/Mam-A- MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The results indicated that treatment with methylselenol producing compounds retained antigen-dependent activation of CD8+ T cells. The data of the current study demonstrated that MSA and DMDSe potentiated effector cytotoxic responses following TAA specific activation of CTLs, indicating their future role as vaccine adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Babaer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Mu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Michael T Ivy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Zheng W, Boada R, He R, Xiao T, Ye F, Simonelli L, Valiente M, Zhao Y, Hassan M. Extracellular Albumin Covalently Sequesters Selenocompounds and Determines Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194734. [PMID: 31554226 PMCID: PMC6801750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenocompounds (SeCs) are well-known nutrients and promising candidates for cancer therapy; however, treatment efficacy is very heterogeneous and the mechanism of action is not fully understood. Several SeCs have been reported to have albumin-binding ability, which is an important factor in determining the treatment efficacy of drugs. In the present investigation, we hypothesized that extracellular albumin might orchestrate SeCs efficacy. Four SeCs representing distinct categories were selected to investigate their cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and species transformation. Concomitant treatment of albumin greatly decreased cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of SeCs. Using both X-ray absorption spectroscopy and hyphenated mass spectrometry, we confirmed the formation of macromolecular conjugates between SeCs and albumin. Although the conjugate was still internalized, possibly via albumin scavenger receptors expressed on the cell surface, the uptake was strongly inhibited by excess albumin. In summary, the present investigation established the importance of extracellular albumin binding in determining SeCs cytotoxicity. Due to the fact that albumin content is higher in humans and animals than in cell cultures, and varies among many patient categories, our results are believed to have high translational impact and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Roberto Boada
- Centre GTS, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rui He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Tingting Xiao
- Centre GTS, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fei Ye
- Division of Functional Nanomaterials, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 40 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Laura Simonelli
- CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manuel Valiente
- Centre GTS, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
- ECM, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
- ECM, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
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17
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Selenocysteine β-Lyase: Biochemistry, Regulation and Physiological Role of the Selenocysteine Decomposition Enzyme. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090357. [PMID: 31480609 PMCID: PMC6770646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme selenocysteine β-lyase (SCLY) was first isolated in 1982 from pig livers, followed by its identification in bacteria. SCLY works as a homodimer, utilizing pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor, and catalyzing the specific decomposition of the amino acid selenocysteine into alanine and selenide. The enzyme is thought to deliver its selenide as a substrate for selenophosphate synthetases, which will ultimately be reutilized in selenoprotein synthesis. SCLY subcellular localization is unresolved, as it has been observed both in the cytosol and in the nucleus depending on the technical approach used. The highest SCLY expression and activity in mammals is found in the liver and kidneys. Disruption of the Scly gene in mice led to obesity, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis, with SCLY being suggested as a participant in the regulation of energy metabolism in a sex-dependent manner. With the physiological role of SCLY still not fully understood, this review attempts to discuss the available literature regarding SCLY in animals and provides avenues for possible future investigation.
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Spallholz JE. Selenomethionine and Methioninase: Selenium Free Radical Anticancer Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1866:199-210. [PMID: 30725417 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal selenium, was first used to treat cancer as early as 1911 in both humans and mice. Selenium was identified as the toxic component in forage plants of sheep, cattle, and horses in the 1930s. The animal toxicity of selenium compounds was determined to be from the metabolism by animals of the elevated concentrations of Se-methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine in plants. The metabolism of both Se-methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine by animals gives rise to the metabolite, methylselenide (CH3Se-), which if in sufficient concentration oxidizes thiols and generates superoxide and other reactive oxygen species. Cancer cells that may overly express methionine gamma-lyase, or beta-lyase (methioninase), by induced viral genomic expression, are susceptible to free radical-induced apoptosis from selenomethionine or Se-methylselenocysteine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian E Spallholz
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Gandin V, Khalkar P, Braude J, Fernandes AP. Organic selenium compounds as potential chemotherapeutic agents for improved cancer treatment. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:80-97. [PMID: 29746900 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selenium(Se)-containing compounds have attracted a growing interest as anticancer agents over recent decades, with mounting reports demonstrating their high efficacy and selectivity against cancer cells. Typically, Se compounds exert their cytotoxic effects by acting as pro-oxidants that alter cellular redox homeostasis. However, the precise intracellular targets, signalling pathways affected and mechanisms of cell death engaged following treatment vary with the chemical properties of the selenocompound and its metabolites, as well as the cancer model that is used. Naturally occurring organic Se compounds, besides encompassing a significant antitumor activity with an apparent ability to prevent metastasis, also seem to have fewer side effects and less systemic effects as reported for many inorganic Se compounds. On this basis, many novel organoselenium compounds have also been synthesized and examined as potential chemotherapeutic agents. This review aims to summarize the most well studied natural and synthetic organoselenium compounds and provide the most recent developments in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie their potential anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Prajakta Khalkar
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Braude
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Aristi P Fernandes
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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20
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Van Giau V, An SSA, Hulme JP. Mitochondrial therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2018; 395:62-70. [PMID: 30292965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases in the developed world. Treatment of AD is particularly challenging as the drug must overcome the blood brain barrier (BBB) before it can reach its target. Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for neurological drugs as the organelle is known to play a critical role in diverse cellular processes such as energy production and apoptosis regulation. Mitochondrial targeting was originally developed to study mitochondrial dysfunction and the organelles interaction with other sub-cellular organelles. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in late onset AD pathology. We then highlight recent antioxidant and enzymatic treatments used to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we describe current applications of targeted mitochondrial delivery in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, South Korea.
| | - John P Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, South Korea.
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Pandey PK, Sharma AK, Rani S, Mishra G, Kandasamy G, Patra AK, Rana M, Sharma AK, Yadav AK, Gupta U. MCM-41 Nanoparticles for Brain Delivery: Better Choline-Esterase and Amyloid Formation Inhibition with Improved Kinetics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2860-2869. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gopal Kandasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana (PO), Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | - Awesh K. Yadav
- Bhagyoday Tirth Pharmacy College, Khurai Road, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470002, India
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Tobe R, Mihara H. Delivery of selenium to selenophosphate synthetase for selenoprotein biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2433-2440. [PMID: 29859962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenophosphate, the key selenium donor for the synthesis of selenoprotein and selenium-modified tRNA, is produced by selenophosphate synthetase (SPS) from ATP, selenide, and H2O. Although free selenide can be used as the in vitro selenium substrate for selenophosphate synthesis, the precise physiological system that donates in vivo selenium substrate to SPS has not yet been characterized completely. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss selenium metabolism with respect to the delivery of selenium to SPS in selenoprotein biosynthesis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Glutathione, selenocysteine lyase, cysteine desulfurase, and selenium-binding proteins are the candidates of selenium delivery system to SPS. The thioredoxin system is also implicated in the selenium delivery to SPS in Escherichia coli. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Selenium delivered via a protein-bound selenopersulfide intermediate emerges as a central element not only in achieving specific selenoprotein biosynthesis but also in preventing the occurrence of toxic free selenide in the cell. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Selenium research in biochemistry and biophysics - 200 year anniversary".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Tobe
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Mihara
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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Lazard M, Dauplais M, Blanquet S, Plateau P. Recent advances in the mechanism of selenoamino acids toxicity in eukaryotic cells. Biomol Concepts 2018; 8:93-104. [PMID: 28574376 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element due to its incorporation into selenoproteins with important biological functions. However, at high doses it is toxic. Selenium toxicity is generally attributed to the induction of oxidative stress. However, it has become apparent that the mode of action of seleno-compounds varies, depending on its chemical form and speciation. Recent studies in various eukaryotic systems, in particular the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, provide new insights on the cytotoxic mechanisms of selenomethionine and selenocysteine. This review first summarizes current knowledge on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced genotoxicity of inorganic selenium species. Then, we discuss recent advances on our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of selenocysteine and selenomethionine cytotoxicity. We present evidences indicating that both oxidative stress and ROS-independent mechanisms contribute to selenoamino acids cytotoxicity. These latter mechanisms include disruption of protein homeostasis by selenocysteine misincorporation in proteins and/or reaction of selenols with protein thiols.
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Nazıroğlu M, Muhamad S, Pecze L. Nanoparticles as potential clinical therapeutic agents in Alzheimer's disease: focus on selenium nanoparticles. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 10:773-782. [PMID: 28463572 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1324781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), involvement of amyloid β (Aβ) plaque accumulation and oxidative stress in the brain have important roles. Several nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide, silica dioxide, silver and zinc oxide have been experimentally using for treatment of neurological disease. In the last decade, there has been a great interest on combination of antioxidant bioactive compounds such as selenium (Se) and flavonoids with the oxidant nanoparticles in AD. We evaluated the most current data available on the physiological effects of oxidant and antioxidant nanoparticles. Areas covered: Oxidative nanoparticles decreased the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the brain of rats and mice. However, Se-rich nanoparticles in small size (5-15 nm) depleted Aβ formation through decreasing ROS production. Reports on low levels of Se in blood and tissue samples and the low activities of GSH-Px, catalase and SOD enzymes in AD patients and animal models support the proposed crucial role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD. Expert commentary: In conclusion, present literature suggests that Se-rich nanoparticles appeared to be a potential therapeutic compound for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Salina Muhamad
- b NANO Elec-Tronic Centre, Faculty of Electrical Engineering , Universiti Teknologi MARA , Shah Alam , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Laszlo Pecze
- c Institute of Anatomy, Department of Medicine , University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
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Dalto DB, Matte JJ. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B₆) and the Glutathione Peroxidase System; a Link between One-Carbon Metabolism and Antioxidation. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030189. [PMID: 28245568 PMCID: PMC5372852 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 (B6) has a central role in the metabolism of amino acids, which includes important interactions with endogenous redox reactions through its effects on the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) system. In fact, B6-dependent enzymes catalyse most reactions of the transsulfuration pathway, driving homocysteine to cysteine and further into GPX proteins. Considering that mammals metabolize sulfur- and seleno-amino acids similarly, B6 plays an important role in the fate of sulfur-homocysteine and its seleno counterpart between transsulfuration and one-carbon metabolism, especially under oxidative stress conditions. This is particularly important in reproduction because ovarian metabolism may generate an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the peri-estrus period, which may impair ovulatory functions and early embryo development. Later in gestation, placentation raises embryo oxygen tension and may induce a higher expression of ROS markers and eventually embryo losses. Interestingly, the metabolic accumulation of ROS up-regulates the flow of one-carbon units to transsulfuration and down-regulates remethylation. However, in embryos, the transsulfuration pathway is not functional, making the understanding of the interplay between these two pathways particularly crucial. In this review, the importance of the maternal metabolic status of B6 for the flow of one-carbon units towards both maternal and embryonic GPX systems is discussed. Additionally, B6 effects on GPX activity and gene expression in dams, as well as embryo development, are presented in a pig model under different oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyel Bueno Dalto
- Sherbrooke Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Jean-Jacques Matte
- Sherbrooke Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
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27
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Cupp-Sutton KA, Ashby MT. Biological Chemistry of Hydrogen Selenide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:E42. [PMID: 27879667 PMCID: PMC5187540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no two main-group elements that exhibit more similar physical and chemical properties than sulfur and selenium. Nonetheless, Nature has deemed both essential for life and has found a way to exploit the subtle unique properties of selenium to include it in biochemistry despite its congener sulfur being 10,000 times more abundant. Selenium is more easily oxidized and it is kinetically more labile, so all selenium compounds could be considered to be "Reactive Selenium Compounds" relative to their sulfur analogues. What is furthermore remarkable is that one of the most reactive forms of selenium, hydrogen selenide (HSe- at physiologic pH), is proposed to be the starting point for the biosynthesis of selenium-containing molecules. This review contrasts the chemical properties of sulfur and selenium and critically assesses the role of hydrogen selenide in biological chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellye A Cupp-Sutton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Michael T Ashby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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Abstract
The authors were asked by the Editors of ACS Chemical Biology to write an article titled "Why Nature Chose Selenium" for the occasion of the upcoming bicentennial of the discovery of selenium by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1817 and styled after the famous work of Frank Westheimer on the biological chemistry of phosphate [Westheimer, F. H. (1987) Why Nature Chose Phosphates, Science 235, 1173-1178]. This work gives a history of the important discoveries of the biological processes that selenium participates in, and a point-by-point comparison of the chemistry of selenium with the atom it replaces in biology, sulfur. This analysis shows that redox chemistry is the largest chemical difference between the two chalcogens. This difference is very large for both one-electron and two-electron redox reactions. Much of this difference is due to the inability of selenium to form π bonds of all types. The outer valence electrons of selenium are also more loosely held than those of sulfur. As a result, selenium is a better nucleophile and will react with reactive oxygen species faster than sulfur, but the resulting lack of π-bond character in the Se-O bond means that the Se-oxide can be much more readily reduced in comparison to S-oxides. The combination of these properties means that replacement of sulfur with selenium in nature results in a selenium-containing biomolecule that resists permanent oxidation. Multiple examples of this gain of function behavior from the literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Robert J. Hondal
- University of Vermont, Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Laboratory, Room B413, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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Liu Y, Li W, Guo M, Li C, Qiu C. Protective Role of Selenium Compounds on the Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Angiogenesis of a Canine Breast Cancer Cell Line. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:86-93. [PMID: 26051789 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We herein examined the effects of different doses, forms, and compatibilities of selenium on a canine mammary gland tumor cell line, CTM1211, and explored the related mechanisms. Three selenium compounds, sodium selenite (SSE), methylseleninic acid (MSA), and methylselenocysteine (MSC), were selected for these experiments, and cyclophosphamide (CTX) served as a positive control. In the cell viability assay, the cell viability of each group at 48/72 h decreased significantly compared with the control group (p < 0.05), and the cell viability of the CTX + MSA group was lower than that of CTX and MSA groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of selenium on cell proliferation was time-dependent but not concentration-dependent. In the cell apoptosis assay, the apoptosis values of each group increased significantly compared with the control group, and the apoptosis values of the CTX + MSA group increased the most significantly (p < 0.01). The protein and mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-alpha (VEGF-alpha), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) were downregulated in each group, while that of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were upregulated (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these three selenium compounds, especially MSA, could significantly inhibit the viability and growth of the CTM1211 cell line, which is partly due to the induction of apoptosis and regulation of tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Liu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wenyu Li
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyao Guo
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengye Li
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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30
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Abstract
Selenium is regulated in the body to maintain vital selenoproteins and to avoid toxicity. When selenium is limiting, cells utilize it to synthesize the selenoproteins most important to them, creating a selenoprotein hierarchy in the cell. The liver is the central organ for selenium regulation and produces excretory selenium forms to regulate whole-body selenium. It responds to selenium deficiency by curtailing excretion and secreting selenoprotein P (Sepp1) into the plasma at the expense of its intracellular selenoproteins. Plasma Sepp1 is distributed to tissues in relation to their expression of the Sepp1 receptor apolipoprotein E receptor-2, creating a tissue selenium hierarchy. N-terminal Sepp1 forms are taken up in the renal proximal tubule by another receptor, megalin. Thus, the regulated whole-body pool of selenium is shifted to needy cells and then to vital selenoproteins in them to supply selenium where it is needed, creating a whole-body selenoprotein hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F Burk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0252; ,
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31
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Abstract
The essential trace element, selenium (Se), has multiple biological activities, which depend on the level of Se intake. Relatively low Se intakes determine the expression of selenoenzymes in which it serves as an essential constituent. Higher intakes have been shown to have anti-tumorigenic potential; and very high Se intakes can produce adverse effects. This hierarchy of biological activities calls for biomarkers informative at different levels of Se exposure. Some Se-biomarkers, such as the selenoproteins and particularly GPX3 and SEPP1, provide information about function directly and are of value in identifying nutritional Se deficiency and tracking responses of deficient individuals to Se-treatment. They are useful under conditions of Se intake within the range of regulated selenoprotein expression, e.g., for humans <55 μg/day and for animals <20 μg/kg diet. Other Se-biomarkers provide information indirectly through inferences based on Se levels of foods, tissues, urine or feces. They can indicate the likelihood of deficiency or adverse effects, but they do not provide direct evidence of either condition. Their value is in providing information about Se status over a wide range of Se intake, particularly from food forms. There is need for additional Se biomarkers particularly for assessing Se status in non-deficient individuals for whom the prospects of cancer risk reduction and adverse effects risk are the primary health considerations. This would include determining whether supranutritional intakes of Se may be required for maximal selenoprotein expression in immune surveillance cells. It would also include developing methods to determine low molecular weight Se-metabolites, i.e., selenoamino acids and methylated Se-metabolites, which to date have not been detectable in biological specimens. Recent analytical advances using tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry suggest prospects for detecting these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald F Combs
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2420 2nd Ave N Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
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Bao P, Chen Z, Tai RZ, Shen HM, Martin FL, Zhu YG. Selenite-induced toxicity in cancer cells is mediated by metabolic generation of endogenous selenium nanoparticles. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1127-36. [PMID: 25567070 DOI: 10.1021/pr501086e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Selenite has been a touted cancer chemopreventative agent but generates conflicting outcomes. Multiple mechanisms of selenite cytotoxicity in cancer cells are thought to be induced by metabolites of selenite. We observed that intracellular metabolism of selenite generates endogenous selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in cancer cells. Critical proteins that bind with high affinity to elemental selenium during SeNPs self-assembly were identified through proteomics analysis; these include glycolytic enzymes, insoluble tubulin, and heat shock proteins 90 (HSP90). Sequestration of glycolytic enzymes by SeNPs dramatically inhibits ATP generation, which leads to functional and structural disruption of mitochondria. Transcriptome sequencing showed tremendous down-regulation of mitochondrial respiratory NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), and ATP synthase (complex V) in response to glycolysis-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction. Sequestration of insoluble tubulin led to microtubule depolymerization, altering microtubule dynamics. HSP90 sequestration led to degradation of its downstream effectors via autophagy, ultimately resulting in a cell-signaling switch to apoptosis. Additionally, the surface effects of SeNPs generated oxidative stress, thus contributing to selenite cytotoxicity. Herein, we reveal that the multiple mechanisms of selenite-induced cytotoxicity are caused by endogenous protein-assisted self-assembly of SeNPs and suggest that endogenous SeNPs could potentially be the primary cause of selenite-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
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Fernandes AP, Gandin V. Selenium compounds as therapeutic agents in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:1642-60. [PMID: 25459512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With cancer cells encompassing consistently higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and with an induced antioxidant defense to counteract the increased basal ROS production, tumors have a limited reserve capacity resulting in an increased vulnerability of some cancer cells to ROS. Based on this, oxidative stress has been recognized as a tumor-specific target for the rational design of new anticancer agents. Among redox modulating compounds, selenium compounds have gained substantial attention due to their promising chemotherapeutic potential. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review aims in summarizing and providing the recent developments of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the potential anticancer effects of selenium compounds. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS It is well established that selenium at higher doses readily can turn into a prooxidant and thereby exert its potential anticancer properties. However, the biological activity of selenium compounds and the mechanism behind these effects are highly dependent on its speciation and the specific metabolic pathways of cells and tissues. Conversely, the chemical properties and the main molecular mechanisms of the most relevant inorganic and organic selenium compounds as well as selenium-based nanoparticles must be taken into account and are discussed herein. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Elucidating and deepening our mechanistic knowledge of selenium compounds will help in designing and optimizing compounds with more specific antitumor properties for possible future application of selenium compounds in the treatment of cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristi P Fernandes
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Shankar S, Shanker U, Shikha. Arsenic contamination of groundwater: a review of sources, prevalence, health risks, and strategies for mitigation. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:304524. [PMID: 25374935 PMCID: PMC4211162 DOI: 10.1155/2014/304524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic contamination of groundwater in different parts of the world is an outcome of natural and/or anthropogenic sources, leading to adverse effects on human health and ecosystem. Millions of people from different countries are heavily dependent on groundwater containing elevated level of As for drinking purposes. As contamination of groundwater, poses a serious risk to human health. Excessive and prolonged exposure of inorganic As with drinking water is causing arsenicosis, a deteriorating and disabling disease characterized by skin lesions and pigmentation of the skin, patches on palm of the hands and soles of the feet. Arsenic poisoning culminates into potentially fatal diseases like skin and internal cancers. This paper reviews sources, speciation, and mobility of As and global overview of groundwater As contamination. The paper also critically reviews the As led human health risks, its uptake, metabolism, and toxicity mechanisms. The paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the alternative As free drinking water and various technologies (oxidation, coagulation flocculation, adsorption, and microbial) for mitigation of the problem of As contamination of groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Shankar
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Uma Shanker
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India
| | - Shikha
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
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Hagemann-Jensen M, Uhlenbrock F, Kehlet S, Andresen L, Gabel-Jensen C, Ellgaard L, Gammelgaard B, Skov S. The selenium metabolite methylselenol regulates the expression of ligands that trigger immune activation through the lymphocyte receptor NKG2D. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31576-90. [PMID: 25258323 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, selenium research has been focused on the identification of active metabolites, which are crucial for selenium chemoprevention of cancer. In this context, the metabolite methylselenol (CH3SeH) is known for its action to selectively kill transformed cells through mechanisms that include increased formation of reactive oxygen species, induction of DNA damage, triggering of apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Here we reveal that CH3SeH modulates the cell surface expression of NKG2D ligands. The expression of NKG2D ligands is induced by stress-associated pathways that occur early during malignant transformation and enable the recognition and elimination of tumors by activating the lymphocyte receptor NKG2D. CH3SeH regulated NKG2D ligands both on the transcriptional and the posttranscriptional levels. CH3SeH induced the transcription of MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence MICA/B and ULBP2 mRNA. However, the induction of cell surface expression was restricted to the ligands MICA/B. Remarkably, our studies showed that CH3SeH inhibited ULBP2 surface transport through inhibition of the autophagic transport pathway. Finally, we identified extracellular calcium as being essential for CH3SeH regulation of NKG2D ligands. A balanced cell surface expression of NKG2D ligands is considered to be an innate barrier against tumor development. Therefore, our work indicates that the application of selenium compounds that are metabolized to CH3SeH could improve NKG2D-based immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie Kehlet
- From the Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
| | - Lars Andresen
- From the Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
| | | | - Lars Ellgaard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Skov
- From the Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology,
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Pinto JT, Krasnikov BF, Alcutt S, Jones ME, Dorai T, Villar MT, Artigues A, Li J, Cooper AJL. Kynurenine aminotransferase III and glutamine transaminase L are identical enzymes that have cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase activity and can transaminate L-selenomethionine. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30950-61. [PMID: 25231977 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Three of the four kynurenine aminotransferases (KAT I, II, and IV) that synthesize kynurenic acid, a neuromodulator, are identical to glutamine transaminase K (GTK), α-aminoadipate aminotransferase, and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, respectively. GTK/KAT I and aspartate aminotransferase/KAT IV possess cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase activity. The gene for the former enzyme, GTK/KAT I, is listed in mammalian genome data banks as CCBL1 (cysteine conjugate beta-lyase 1). Also listed, despite the fact that no β-lyase activity has been assigned to the encoded protein in the genome data bank, is a CCBL2 (synonym KAT III). We show that human KAT III/CCBL2 possesses cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase activity, as does mouse KAT II. Thus, depending on the nature of the substrate, all four KATs possess cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase activity. These present studies show that KAT III and glutamine transaminase L are identical enzymes. This report also shows that KAT I, II, and III differ in their ability to transaminate methyl-L-selenocysteine (MSC) and L-selenomethionine (SM) to β-methylselenopyruvate (MSP) and α-ketomethylselenobutyrate, respectively. Previous studies have identified these seleno-α-keto acids as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors. Methylselenol (CH3SeH), also purported to have chemopreventive properties, is the γ-elimination product of SM and the β-elimination product of MSC catalyzed by cystathionine γ-lyase (γ-cystathionase). KAT I, II, and III, in part, can catalyze β-elimination reactions with MSC generating CH3SeH. Thus, the anticancer efficacy of MSC and SM will depend, in part, on the endogenous expression of various KAT enzymes and cystathionine γ-lyase present in target tissue coupled with the ability of cells to synthesize in situ either CH3SeH and/or seleno-keto acid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Pinto
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | - Steven Alcutt
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Melanie E Jones
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Thambi Dorai
- Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Maria T Villar
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, and
| | - Antonio Artigues
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, and
| | - Jianyong Li
- the Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
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Sun HJ, Rathinasabapathi B, Wu B, Luo J, Pu LP, Ma LQ. Arsenic and selenium toxicity and their interactive effects in humans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 69:148-58. [PMID: 24853282 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) are unusual metalloids as they both induce and cure cancer. They both cause carcinogenesis, pathology, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in humans, with reactive oxygen species playing an important role. While As induces adverse effects by decreasing DNA methylation and affecting protein 53 expression, Se induces adverse effects by modifying thioredoxin reductase. However, they can react with glutathione and S-adenosylmethionine by forming an As-Se complex, which can be secreted extracellularly. We hypothesize that there are two types of interactions between As and Se. At low concentration, Se can decrease As toxicity via excretion of As-Se compound [(GS3)2AsSe](-), but at high concentration, excessive Se can enhance As toxicity by reacting with S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione, and modifying the structure and activity of arsenite methyltransferase. This review is to summarize their toxicity mechanisms and the interaction between As and Se toxicity, and to provide suggestions for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Bala Rathinasabapathi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Li-Ping Pu
- Suzhou Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Santoro S, Azeredo JB, Nascimento V, Sancineto L, Braga AL, Santi C. “The green side of the moon: ecofriendly aspects of organoselenium chemistry”. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04493b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Key aspects for the development of a greener synthesis and the use of the organoselenium compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Santoro
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juliano B. Azeredo
- Laboratório de Síntese de Substâncias de Selênio Bioativas
- Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Nascimento
- Laboratório de Síntese de Substâncias de Selênio Bioativas
- Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luca Sancineto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Università di Perugia
- Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio L. Braga
- Laboratório de Síntese de Substâncias de Selênio Bioativas
- Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Claudio Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Università di Perugia
- Perugia, Italy
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Weekley CM, Aitken JB, Finney L, Vogt S, Witting PK, Harris HH. Selenium metabolism in cancer cells: the combined application of XAS and XFM techniques to the problem of selenium speciation in biological systems. Nutrients 2013; 5:1734-56. [PMID: 23698165 PMCID: PMC3708347 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the speciation of selenium in vivo is crucial to understanding the biological activity of this essential element, which is a popular dietary supplement due to its anti-cancer properties. Hyphenated techniques that combine separation and detection methods are traditionally and effectively used in selenium speciation analysis, but require extensive sample preparation that may affect speciation. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption and fluorescence techniques offer an alternative approach to selenium speciation analysis that requires minimal sample preparation. We present a brief summary of some key HPLC-ICP-MS and ESI-MS/MS studies of the speciation of selenium in cells and rat tissues. We review the results of a top-down approach to selenium speciation in human lung cancer cells that aims to link the speciation and distribution of selenium to its biological activity using a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). The results of this approach highlight the distinct fates of selenomethionine, methylselenocysteine and selenite in terms of their speciation and distribution within cells: organic selenium metabolites were widely distributed throughout the cells, whereas inorganic selenium metabolites were compartmentalized and associated with copper. New data from the XFM mapping of electrophoretically-separated cell lysates show the distribution of selenium in the proteins of selenomethionine-treated cells. Future applications of this top-down approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Weekley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Jade B. Aitken
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Lydia Finney
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; E-Mails: (L.F.); (S.V.)
- Biosciences Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; E-Mails: (L.F.); (S.V.)
| | - Paul K. Witting
- The Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-08-8313-5060; Fax: +61-08-8313-4358
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40
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Kipp AP, Frombach J, Deubel S, Brigelius-Flohé R. Selenoprotein W as biomarker for the efficacy of selenium compounds to act as source for selenoprotein biosynthesis. Methods Enzymol 2013; 527:87-112. [PMID: 23830627 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405882-8.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element and, like all elements, present in many different compounds with unequivocal functions. This fact is only sporadically mentioned when recommended intake or supplementation is indicated just as "selenium." In mammals, selenium is an integral part of selenoproteins as selenocysteine. Selenocysteine is formed from serine at the respective tRNA((ser)sec), a reaction that requires selenophosphate formed from selenide and ATP. Thus, only compounds that can be metabolized into selenide can serve as sources for selenoprotein biosynthesis. We therefore tested the ability of selenium compounds such as sodium selenite, methylseleninic acid (MeSeA), Se-methyl selenocysteine, and selenomethionine to increase the activity, protein, or mRNA levels of commonly used biomarkers of the selenium status, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) and thioredoxin reductase, and of putatively new biomarkers, selenoprotein W1 (SepW1), selenoprotein H, and selenoprotein 15 in three different cell lines. Selenite and MeSeA were most efficient in increasing all markers tested, whereas the other compounds had only marginal effects. Effects were higher in the noncancerous young adult mouse colon cells than in the cancer cell lines HepG2 and HT-29. At the protein level, SepW1 responded as well as GPx1 and at the mRNA level, even better. Thus, the outcome of selenium treatment strongly depends on the chemical form, the cell type, and the biomarker used for testing efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Patricia Kipp
- Department Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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41
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Weekley CM, Harris HH. Which form is that? The importance of selenium speciation and metabolism in the prevention and treatment of disease. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8870-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Fernandes AP, Wallenberg M, Gandin V, Misra S, Tisato F, Marzano C, Rigobello MP, Kumar S, Björnstedt M. Methylselenol formed by spontaneous methylation of selenide is a superior selenium substrate to the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50727. [PMID: 23226364 PMCID: PMC3511371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring selenium compounds like selenite and selenodiglutathione are metabolized to selenide in plants and animals. This highly reactive form of selenium can undergo methylation and form monomethylated and multimethylated species. These redox active selenium metabolites are of particular biological and pharmacological interest since they are potent inducers of apoptosis in cancer cells. The mammalian thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems efficiently reduce selenite and selenodiglutathione to selenide. The reactions are non-stoichiometric aerobically due to redox cycling of selenide with oxygen and thiols. Using LDI-MS, we identified that the addition of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the reactions formed methylselenol. This metabolite was a superior substrate to both the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems increasing the velocities of the nonstoichiometric redox cycles three-fold. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that the presence of SAM increased the cytotoxicity of selenite and selenodiglutathione, which could neither be explained by altered selenium uptake nor impaired extra-cellular redox environment, previously shown to be highly important to selenite uptake and cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that selenide and SAM react spontaneously forming methylselenol, a highly nucleophilic and cytotoxic agent, with important physiological and pharmacological implications for the highly interesting anticancer effects of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristi P Fernandes
- Division of Pathology F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Johansson AL, Collins R, Arnér ESJ, Brzezinski P, Högbom M. Biochemical discrimination between selenium and sulfur 2: mechanistic investigation of the selenium specificity of human selenocysteine lyase. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30528. [PMID: 22291978 PMCID: PMC3266904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element incorporated into selenoproteins as selenocysteine. Selenocysteine (Sec) lyases (SCLs) and cysteine (Cys) desulfurases (CDs) catalyze the removal of selenium or sulfur from Sec or Cys, respectively, and generally accept both substrates. Intriguingly, human SCL (hSCL) is specific for Sec even though the only difference between Sec and Cys is a single chalcogen atom. The crystal structure of hSCL was recently determined and gain-of-function protein variants that also could accept Cys as substrate were identified. To obtain mechanistic insight into the chemical basis for its substrate discrimination, we here report time-resolved spectroscopic studies comparing the reactions of the Sec-specific wild-type hSCL and the gain-of-function D146K/H389T variant, when given Cys as a substrate. The data are interpreted in light of other studies of SCL/CD enzymes and offer mechanistic insight into the function of the wild-type enzyme. Based on these results and previously available data we propose a reaction mechanism whereby the Sec over Cys specificity is achieved using a combination of chemical and physico-mechanical control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Louise Johansson
- Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences C4, Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruairi Collins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S. J. Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Brzezinski
- Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences C4, Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Högbom
- Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences C4, Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Collins R, Johansson AL, Karlberg T, Markova N, van den Berg S, Olesen K, Hammarström M, Flores A, Schüler H, Schiavone LH, Brzezinski P, Arnér ESJ, Högbom M. Biochemical discrimination between selenium and sulfur 1: a single residue provides selenium specificity to human selenocysteine lyase. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30581. [PMID: 22295093 PMCID: PMC3266270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium and sulfur are two closely related basic elements utilized in nature for a vast array of biochemical reactions. While toxic at higher concentrations, selenium is an essential trace element incorporated into selenoproteins as selenocysteine (Sec), the selenium analogue of cysteine (Cys). Sec lyases (SCLs) and Cys desulfurases (CDs) catalyze the removal of selenium or sulfur from Sec or Cys and generally act on both substrates. In contrast, human SCL (hSCL) is specific for Sec although the only difference between Sec and Cys is the identity of a single atom. The chemical basis of this selenium-over-sulfur discrimination is not understood. Here we describe the X-ray crystal structure of hSCL and identify Asp146 as the key residue that provides the Sec specificity. A D146K variant resulted in loss of Sec specificity and appearance of CD activity. A dynamic active site segment also provides the structural prerequisites for direct product delivery of selenide produced by Sec cleavage, thus avoiding release of reactive selenide species into the cell. We thus here define a molecular determinant for enzymatic specificity discrimination between a single selenium versus sulfur atom, elements with very similar chemical properties. Our findings thus provide molecular insights into a key level of control in human selenium and selenoprotein turnover and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruairi Collins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Louise Johansson
- Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences C4, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Karlberg
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Markova
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne van den Berg
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Olesen
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hammarström
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alex Flores
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Herwig Schüler
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Holmberg Schiavone
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Brzezinski
- Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences C4, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S. J. Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Högbom
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences C4, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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45
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Abstract
SUMMARYPlasmodium falciparum has for some time been developing resistance against known anti-malarial drugs, and therefore a new drug is urgently needed. Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, in the form of inorganic Se, selenite (SeO32−), has been reported to have an anti-plasmodial effect, but its mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-plasmodial effect of several Se compounds against P. falciparum in vitro. The anti-plasmodial effect of several Se compounds was analysed and their apoptosis-inducing activity was evaluated by morphological observation, DNA fragmentation assay and mitochondrial function analysis. SeO32−, methylseleninic acid, selenomethionine and selenocystine have anti-plasmodial effects with 50% inhibition concentration at 9, 10, 45, and 65 μm, respectively, while selenate and methylselenocysteine up to 100 μm have no effect on parasite growth. The effective Se compounds caused the parasites to become shrunken and pyknotic and significantly increased mitochondrial damage against P. falciparum compared to the untreated control. In conclusion, SeO32−, methylseleninic acid, selenomethionine and selenocystine have anti-plasmodial activities that induce apoptosis-like cell death in P. falciparum, and the anti-plasmodial effects of Se seem to be based on its chemical forms. The apoptosis-like cell-death mechanism in P. falciparum can be beneficial to respond to the growing problem of drug resistance.
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Fairweather-Tait SJ, Bao Y, Broadley MR, Collings R, Ford D, Hesketh JE, Hurst R. Selenium in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:1337-83. [PMID: 20812787 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review covers current knowledge of selenium in the environment, dietary intakes, metabolism and status, functions in the body, thyroid hormone metabolism, antioxidant defense systems and oxidative metabolism, and the immune system. Selenium toxicity and links between deficiency and Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck disease are described. The relationships between selenium intake/status and various health outcomes, in particular gastrointestinal and prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and male fertility, are reviewed, and recent developments in genetics of selenoproteins are outlined. The rationale behind current dietary reference intakes of selenium is explained, and examples of differences between countries and/or expert bodies are given. Throughout the review, gaps in knowledge and research requirements are identified. More research is needed to improve our understanding of selenium metabolism and requirements for optimal health. Functions of the majority of the selenoproteins await characterization, the mechanism of absorption has yet to be identified, measures of status need to be developed, and effects of genotype on metabolism require further investigation. The relationships between selenium intake/status and health, or risk of disease, are complex but require elucidation to inform clinical practice, to refine dietary recommendations, and to develop effective public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Fairweather-Tait
- School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom.
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Krittaphol W, McDowell A, Thomson CD, Mikov M, Fawcett JP. Biotransformation of L-selenomethionine and selenite in rat gut contents. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 139:188-96. [PMID: 20229173 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
L-selenomethionine (SeMet) and sodium selenite are widely used selenium nutritional supplements with potential benefit in preventing cancer. However, supplementation is not without risks of toxicity if intake is too high. The aim of the present study was to investigate SeMet and selenite metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract with particular focus on the formation of the volatile selenium excretion products, dimethylselenide (DMSe) and dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe). Adult male Wistar rats (n = 5) were euthanized, their intestinal tracts removed and the contents of jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon used to prepare 10% suspensions in saline. SeMet and selenite (0.5-0.6 mM) were then incubated with these suspensions at 37°C for 3 h. Caecum and colon contents were the most metabolically active towards SeMet with 30% and 15% metabolized over 3 h. DMDSe was the only volatile selenium metabolite detected accounting for 8.7 ± 1.3% of the selenium lost in caecum contents. Selenite was completely metabolized by caecum contents and 73% by colon contents under the same conditions forming DMSe (5.7 ± 0.9% of the selenium lost in caecum) and a precipitate of red amorphous elemental selenium. Based on previous literature and these results, we conclude that the gut microbiota contributes to the excretion of excess selenium through the production of methylated selenium compounds and elemental selenium.
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Selenium: a double-edged sword for defense and offence in cancer. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:919-38. [PMID: 20871980 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential dietary component for animals including humans and is regarded as a protective agent against cancer. Although the mode of anticancer action of Se is not fully understood yet, several mechanisms, such as antioxidant protection by selenoenzymes, specific inhibition of tumor cell growth by Se metabolites, modulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, and effect on DNA repair have all been proposed. Despite the unsupported results of the last SELECT trial, the cancer-preventing activity of Se was demonstrated in majority of the epidemiological studies. Moreover, recent studies suggest that Se has a potential to be used not only in cancer prevention but also in cancer treatment where in combination with other anticancer drugs or radiation, it can increase efficacy of cancer therapy. In combating cancer cells, Se acts as pro-oxidant rather than antioxidant, inducing apoptosis through the generation of oxidative stress. Thus, the inorganic Se compound, sodium selenite (SeL), due to its prooxidant character, represents a promising alternative for cancer therapy. However, this Se compound is highly toxic compared to organic Se forms. Thus, the unregulated intake of dietary or pharmacological Se supplements mainly in the form of SeL has a potential to expose the body tissues to the toxic levels of Se with subsequent negative consequences on DNA integrity. Hence, due to a broad interest to exploit the positive effects of Se on human health and cancer therapy, studies investigating the negative effects such as toxicity and DNA damage induction resulting from high Se intake are also highly required. Here, we review a role of Se in cancer prevention and cancer therapy, as well as mechanisms underlying Se-induced toxicity and DNA injury. Since Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven a powerful tool for addressing some important questions regarding Se biology, a part of this review is devoted to this model system.
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Abstract
Selenium is an essential element with remarkable chemical properties. The similarity to sulphur results in a number of chemical interactions mainly connected to thiols and redox processes. The element modulates cell growth; in low concentrations it is absolutely required for growth and an essential component of serum free growth media. However moderate to high concentrations potently inhibit cell growth. The inhibitory effects are tumour specific and selenium induces apoptosis in malignant cells at concentrations that do not affect the viability of normal cells. Depending on concentration and chemical form selenium may prevent or treat tumour disease. Selenium supplementation has been found to be of value in preventing hepatocellular cancer by hepatitis B, in reducing the incidence of liver cancer in general and in decreasing mortality of colorectal, lung and prostate cancer. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the preventive effects of selenium with special emphasis on major human tumours. The unique chemical properties along with metabolism and preventive mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Björnstedt
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge F46, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aristi P. Fernandes
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge F46, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Selenius M, Rundlöf AK, Olm E, Fernandes AP, Björnstedt M. Selenium and the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase in the prevention, treatment and diagnostics of cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:867-80. [PMID: 19769465 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential element that is specifically incorporated as selenocystein into selenoproteins. It is a potent modulator of eukaryotic cell growth with strictly concentration-dependant effects. Lower concentrations are necessary for cell survival and growth, whereas higher concentrations inhibit growth and induce cell death. It is well established that selenium has cancer preventive effects, and several studies also have shown that it has strong anticancer effects with a selective cytotoxicity on malignant drug-resistant cells while only exerting marginal effects on normal and benign cells. This cancer-specific cytotoxicity is likely explained by high affinity selenium uptake dependent on proteins connected to multidrug resistance. One of the most studied selenoproteins in cancer is thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) that has important functions in neoplastic growth and is an important component of the resistant phenotype. Several reports have shown that TrxR is induced in tumor cells and pre-neoplastic cells, and several commonly used drugs interact with the protein. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of selenium as a potent preventive and tumor selective anticancer drug, and we also discuss the potential of using the expression and modulation of the selenoprotein TrxR in the diagnostics and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Selenius
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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