1
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Kim S, Heo H, Kwon SH, Park JH, Lee G, Jeon SH. Loss of function of phosphatidylserine synthase causes muscle atrophy in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2024; 511:1-11. [PMID: 38548146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Maintenance of appropriate muscle mass is crucial for physical activity and metabolism. Aging and various pathological conditions can cause sarcopenia, a condition characterized by muscle mass decline. Although sarcopenia has been actively studied, the mechanisms underlying muscle atrophy are not well understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of Phosphatidylserine synthase (Pss) in muscle development and homeostasis in Drosophila. The results showed that muscle-specific Pss knockdown decreased exercise capacity and produced sarcopenic phenotypes. In addition, it increased the apoptosis rate because of the elevated reactive oxygen species production resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the autophagy rate increased due to increased FoxO activity caused by reduced Akt activity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that enhanced apoptosis and autophagy rates resulting from muscle-specific Pss knockdown jointly contribute to sarcopenia development, highlighting the key role of the PSS pathway in muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangseob Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Heo
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae H Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, 37996, USA
| | - Gyunghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sang-Hak Jeon
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Bahoush G, Rahab M, Ahmadvand P. Can N-acetylcysteine reduce red blood cell transfusion burden in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia? Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024; 41:251-259. [PMID: 38088332 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2023.2292556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Patients with beta-thalassemia major require lifelong and frequent red blood cell transfusions for survival, impacting their quality of life and life expectancy. This treatment approach poses risks of organ damage, iron overload, and increased transfusion-transmitted diseases. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been studied for its potential antioxidant effects on hemoglobin stability, aiming to reduce the burden of red blood cell transfusions. To explore this possibility further, we conducted a quasi-experimental study involving 35 individuals with thalassemia major over six months All subjects were already receiving iron chelators and blood transfusions. They were given a daily oral dose of 10 mg/kg NAC for three months. After three months of treatment with NAC, the serum levels of ferritin and liver enzymes (SGOT and SGPT) did not show significant changes (p = 0.35, p = 0.352, and p = 0.686, respectively). However, the red blood cell transfusion burden was significantly reduced in all patients after NAC therapy (p = 0.029), with no corresponding decrease in serum hemoglobin levels (p = 0.931), indicating maintained hemoglobin concentration despite reduced transfusion volume. The study indicates that NAC can effectively decrease the burden of red blood cell transfusions without significant toxicity in these patients. This finding suggests the potential for NAC as a cost-effective and manageable treatment option for these patients. A larger clinical trial with more robust statistical methods could further confirm these results and pave the way for using NAC as a valuable therapeutic agent for managing beta-thalassemia major patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Bahoush
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rahab
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Ahmadvand
- Fellowship of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Möller M, Orrico F, Villar S, López AC, Silva N, Donzé M, Thomson L, Denicola A. Oxidants and Antioxidants in the Redox Biochemistry of Human Red Blood Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:147-168. [PMID: 36643550 PMCID: PMC9835686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are exposed to both external and internal sources of oxidants that challenge their integrity and compromise their physiological function and supply of oxygen to tissues. Autoxidation of oxyhemoglobin is the main source of endogenous RBC oxidant production, yielding superoxide radical and then hydrogen peroxide. In addition, potent oxidants from other blood cells and the surrounding endothelium can reach the RBCs. Abundant and efficient enzymatic systems and low molecular weight antioxidants prevent most of the damage to the RBCs and also position the RBCs as a sink of vascular oxidants that allow the body to maintain a healthy circulatory system. Among the antioxidant enzymes, the thiol-dependent peroxidase peroxiredoxin 2, highly abundant in RBCs, is essential to keep the redox balance. A great part of the RBC antioxidant activity is supported by an active glucose metabolism that provides reducing power in the form of NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway. There are several RBC defects and situations that generate oxidative stress conditions where the defense mechanisms are overwhelmed, and these include glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencies (favism), hemoglobinopathies like sickle cell disease and thalassemia, as well as packed RBCs for transfusion that suffer from storage lesions. These oxidative stress-associated pathologies of the RBCs underline the relevance of redox balance in these anucleated cells that lack a mechanism of DNA-inducible antioxidant response and rely on a complex and robust network of antioxidant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias
N. Möller
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Orrico
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián
F. Villar
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ana C. López
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Silva
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Departamento
de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de
Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Marcel Donzé
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide and surgery is the only available treatment. Pharmacological therapy has emerged as a potential approach to combat the global shortage of surgery due to a lack of access and resources. This review summarizes recent findings in pharmacological treatment and delivery, focusing on drugs that target oxidative stress and the aggregation of crystallins. RECENT FINDINGS Antioxidants and oxysterols have been shown to improve or reverse lens opacity in cataract models. N-acetylcysteine amide and N-acetylcarnosine are two compounds that have increased bioavailability over their precursors, alleviating the challenges that have come with topical administration. Studies have shown promising results, with topical N-acetylcarnosine clinically decreasing lens opacity. Furthermore, lanosterol, and more recently 5-cholesten-3b,25-diol (VP1-001), have been reported to combat the aggregation of crystallins in vivo and ex vivo . Delivery has improved with the use of nanotechnology, but further research is needed to solidify these compounds' therapeutic effects on cataracts and improve delivery methods to the lens. SUMMARY Although further research in drug dosage, delivery, and mechanisms will need to be conducted, pharmacologic therapies have provided new strategies and treatments for the reversal of cataracts.
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van de Wal M, Adjobo-Hermans M, Keijer J, Schirris T, Homberg J, Wieckowski MR, Grefte S, van Schothorst EM, van Karnebeek C, Quintana A, Koopman WJH. Ndufs4 knockout mouse models of Leigh syndrome: pathophysiology and intervention. Brain 2021; 145:45-63. [PMID: 34849584 PMCID: PMC8967107 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are small cellular constituents that generate cellular energy (ATP) by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Dysfunction of these organelles is linked to a heterogeneous group of multisystemic disorders, including diabetes, cancer, ageing-related pathologies and rare mitochondrial diseases. With respect to the latter, mutations in subunit-encoding genes and assembly factors of the first OXPHOS complex (complex I) induce isolated complex I deficiency and Leigh syndrome. This syndrome is an early-onset, often fatal, encephalopathy with a variable clinical presentation and poor prognosis due to the lack of effective intervention strategies. Mutations in the nuclear DNA-encoded NDUFS4 gene, encoding the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4 (NDUFS4) of complex I, induce ‘mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 1’ (MC1DN1) and Leigh syndrome in paediatric patients. A variety of (tissue-specific) Ndufs4 knockout mouse models were developed to study the Leigh syndrome pathomechanism and intervention testing. Here, we review and discuss the role of complex I and NDUFS4 mutations in human mitochondrial disease, and review how the analysis of Ndufs4 knockout mouse models has generated new insights into the MC1ND1/Leigh syndrome pathomechanism and its therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa van de Wal
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry (286), RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sander Grefte
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Clara van Karnebeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Quintana
- Mitochondrial Neuropathology Laboratory, Institut de Neurociències and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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6
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van Vuren AJ, van Beers EJ, van Wijk R. A Proposed Concept for Defective Mitophagy Leading to Late Stage Ineffective Erythropoiesis in Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency. Front Physiol 2021; 11:609103. [PMID: 33551834 PMCID: PMC7854701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a rare congenital hemolytic anemia caused by mutations in the PKLR gene. Here, we review pathophysiological aspects of PKD, focusing on the interplay between pyruvate kinase (PK)-activity and reticulocyte maturation in the light of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent process of regulated cell death, and in particular its key player glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). GPX4 plays an important role in mitophagy, the key step of peripheral reticulocyte maturation and GPX4 deficiency in reticulocytes results in a failure to fully mature. Mitophagy depends on lipid oxidation, which is under physiological conditions controlled by GPX4. Lack of GPX4 leads to uncontrolled auto-oxidation, which will disrupt autophagosome maturation and thereby perturb mitophagy. Based on our review, we propose a model for disturbed red cell maturation in PKD. A relative GPX4 deficiency occurs due to glutathione (GSH) depletion, as cytosolic L-glutamine is preferentially used in the form of α-ketoglutarate as fuel for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle at the expense of GSH production. The relative GPX4 deficiency will perturb mitophagy and, subsequently, results in failure of reticulocyte maturation, which can be defined as late stage ineffective erythropoiesis. Our hypothesis provides a starting point for future research into new therapeutic possibilities, which have the ability to correct the oxidative imbalance due to lack of GPX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Johanna van Vuren
- Van Creveldkliniek, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eduard Johannes van Beers
- Van Creveldkliniek, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Richard van Wijk
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory-Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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7
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Effects of three months of treatment with vitamin E and N-acetyl cysteine on the oxidative balance in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia. Ann Hematol 2020; 100:635-644. [PMID: 33216196 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major mechanism contributing to the progression of β-thalassemia. To assess the effect of vitamin E and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as antioxidant agents on total oxidative stress (TOS) status and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT). In this open-label randomized controlled trial, from May to August 2019, 78 eligible patients with TDT over the age of 18 were enrolled. All patients were registered at the Thalassemia Clinic of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Southern Iran. Patients were randomly allocated to the NAC group (10 mg/kg/day, orally), vitamin E group (10 U/kg/day, orally), and control group. The duration of the study was 3 months. The mean age of the participants was 28.5 ± 5.1 (range: 18-41) years. At the end of the study, TOS significantly decreased only in the vitamin E group (mean difference (MD), 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27 (0.03-0.50), P = 0.026). TAC significantly decreased in both supplemented groups at the 3rd month of treatment (NAC group: MD (95% CI): 0.11 (0.04-0.18), P = 0.002 and vitamin E group: 0.09 (0.01-0.16), P = 0.022 respectively). Hemoglobin did not significantly change at the end of the study in each group (P > 0.05). Mild transient adverse events occurred in 4 patients of the NAC group and 5 patients of the vitamin E group with no need to discontinue the treatment. Vitamin E can be a safe and effective supplement in improving oxidative stress in patients with TDT. Moreover, it seems that a longer duration of using antioxidant supplements needs to make clinical hematologic improvement in TDT patients.
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8
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Muliyil S, Levet C, Düsterhöft S, Dulloo I, Cowley SA, Freeman M. ADAM17-triggered TNF signalling protects the ageing Drosophila retina from lipid droplet-mediated degeneration. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104415. [PMID: 32715522 PMCID: PMC7459420 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals have evolved multiple mechanisms to protect themselves from the cumulative effects of age‐related cellular damage. Here, we reveal an unexpected link between the TNF (tumour necrosis factor) inflammatory pathway, triggered by the metalloprotease ADAM17/TACE, and a lipid droplet (LD)‐mediated mechanism of protecting retinal cells from age‐related degeneration. Loss of ADAM17, TNF and the TNF receptor Grindelwald in pigmented glial cells of the Drosophila retina leads to age‐related degeneration of both glia and neurons, preceded by an abnormal accumulation of glial LDs. We show that the glial LDs initially buffer the cells against damage caused by glial and neuronally generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), but that in later life the LDs dissipate, leading to the release of toxic peroxidated lipids. Finally, we demonstrate the existence of a conserved pathway in human iPS‐derived microglia‐like cells, which are central players in neurodegeneration. Overall, we have discovered a pathway mediated by TNF signalling acting not as a trigger of inflammation, but as a cytoprotective factor in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Muliyil
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clémence Levet
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Düsterhöft
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iqbal Dulloo
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sally A Cowley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Freeman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Leukocyte telomere length in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:73. [PMID: 32487251 PMCID: PMC7268254 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic anemia with a severity ranging from mild, non-transfusion dependent to severe chronic anemia requiring lifelong transfusion. Transfusional iron overload is a major complication in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT). Telomeres are sequences of nucleotides forming the end caps of chromosomes that act as a DNA repair system. Iron overload in thalassemia can cause increased oxidative stress which leads to cellular damage and senescence. This may result in telomere length shortening. The degree of telomere length shortening may reflect the severity of thalassemia. Methods This research aimed to study the leukocyte telomere length in patients with TDT in comparison to non-thalassemic individuals and to identify the clinical and laboratory parameters that are associated with telomere length. We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with TDT aged ≥18 years. Leukocyte telomere length was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Results Sixty-five patients with TDT were enrolled onto the study. There were 37 female patients (54.4%). The median age was 27 (18–57) years, and mean pre-transfusion hemoglobin level was 7.1 (± 1.07) g/dL. The mean telomere to single copy gene (T/S) ratios of patients with TDT and the controls were 0.72 ± 0.18 and 0.99 ± 0.25, respectively (p < 0.0001). There was a significant correlation between the T/S ratio and age (p = 0.0002), and hemoglobin level (p = 0.044). There was no correlation between telomere length and other factors. Conclusions Our study showed that TDT patients had shorter leukocyte telomere length compared with controls. Leukocyte telomere shortening in TDT was an aging-dependent process and associated with lower hemoglobin level.
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10
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Chung HL, Wangler MF, Marcogliese PC, Jo J, Ravenscroft TA, Zuo Z, Duraine L, Sadeghzadeh S, Li-Kroeger D, Schmidt RE, Pestronk A, Rosenfeld JA, Burrage L, Herndon MJ, Chen S, Shillington A, Vawter-Lee M, Hopkin R, Rodriguez-Smith J, Henrickson M, Lee B, Moser AB, Jones RO, Watkins P, Yoo T, Mar S, Choi M, Bucelli RC, Yamamoto S, Lee HK, Prada CE, Chae JH, Vogel TP, Bellen HJ. Loss- or Gain-of-Function Mutations in ACOX1 Cause Axonal Loss via Different Mechanisms. Neuron 2020; 106:589-606.e6. [PMID: 32169171 PMCID: PMC7289150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
ACOX1 (acyl-CoA oxidase 1) encodes the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) β-oxidation pathway in peroxisomes and leads to H2O2 production. Unexpectedly, Drosophila (d) ACOX1 is mostly expressed and required in glia, and loss of ACOX1 leads to developmental delay, pupal death, reduced lifespan, impaired synaptic transmission, and glial and axonal loss. Patients who carry a previously unidentified, de novo, dominant variant in ACOX1 (p.N237S) also exhibit glial loss. However, this mutation causes increased levels of ACOX1 protein and function resulting in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species in glia in flies and murine Schwann cells. ACOX1 (p.N237S) patients exhibit a severe loss of Schwann cells and neurons. However, treatment of flies and primary Schwann cells with an antioxidant suppressed the p.N237S-induced neurodegeneration. In summary, both loss and gain of ACOX1 lead to glial and neuronal loss, but different mechanisms are at play and require different treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Lok Chung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul C Marcogliese
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juyeon Jo
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas A Ravenscroft
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lita Duraine
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sina Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David Li-Kroeger
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert E Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lindsay Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mitchell J Herndon
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amelle Shillington
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Marissa Vawter-Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Robert Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jackeline Rodriguez-Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael Henrickson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ann B Moser
- Division of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard O Jones
- Division of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Paul Watkins
- Division of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Taekyeong Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soe Mar
- Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert C Bucelli
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carlos E Prada
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiphanie P Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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11
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Kumfu S, Chattipakorn S, Chattipakorn N. Antioxidant and chelator cocktails to prevent oxidative stress under iron-overload conditions. Pathology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815972-9.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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da Silva DGH, Chaves NA, Miyamoto S, de Almeida EA. Prolonged erythrocyte auto-incubation as an alternative model for oxidant generation system. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 56:62-74. [PMID: 30654084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of incubation period and melatonin treatment on red blood cell (RBC) metabolism in an auto-incubation model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The study was carried out on three healthy adult donors by incubating RBCs in their own plasma at 37 °C, or under the influence of 1 mM H2O2 with and without 100 μM melatonin at different times (0, 1, 3 and 6 h). We assessed incubation period, treatment, as well as any interaction effects between these predictors on erythrocyte osmoregulation, hemolytic rate, oxidative stress markers, and adenylate nucleotide levels. We did not find any relevant effects of both incubation period and treatments on osmotic, antioxidant and adenylate parameters. On the other hand, hemolysis degree and biomolecule oxidation levels in the plasma increased over time, 3-fold and about 25%, respectively, regardless any treatment influence. H2O2 treatment more than doubled protein carbonyl groups, regardless time in plasma, and in a time-depending way in erythrocyte membrane extract, effects that were neutralized by melatonin treatment. Through multivariate analyses, we could expand the understanding of energy and redox metabolisms in the maintenance of cellular integrity and metabolic homeostasis. Another interesting observation was the 65-75% contribution of the oxidative lesion markers on hemolysis. Hence, these findings suggested a new and more intuitive RBC suspension model and reinforced the beneficial use of melatonin in human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Grünig Humberto da Silva
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Nayara Alves Chaves
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Blumenau, Brazil
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13
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Liu L, MacKenzie KR, Putluri N, Maletić-Savatić M, Bellen HJ. The Glia-Neuron Lactate Shuttle and Elevated ROS Promote Lipid Synthesis in Neurons and Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Glia via APOE/D. Cell Metab 2017; 26:719-737.e6. [PMID: 28965825 PMCID: PMC5677551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce the formation of lipids in neurons that are transferred to glia, where they form lipid droplets (LDs). We show that glial and neuronal monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs), and apolipoproteins are critical for glial LD formation. MCTs enable glia to secrete and neurons to absorb lactate, which is converted to pyruvate and acetyl-CoA in neurons. Lactate metabolites provide a substrate for synthesis of fatty acids, which are processed and transferred to glia by FATP and apolipoproteins. In the presence of high ROS, inhibiting lactate transfer or lowering FATP or apolipoprotein levels decreases glial LD accumulation in flies and in primary mouse glial-neuronal cultures. We show that human APOE can substitute for a fly glial apolipoprotein and that APOE4, an Alzheimer's disease susceptibility allele, is impaired in lipid transport and promotes neurodegeneration, providing insights into disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin R MacKenzie
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Advanced Technology Cor, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mirjana Maletić-Savatić
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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14
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Maddirala Y, Tobwala S, Karacal H, Ercal N. Prevention and reversal of selenite-induced cataracts by N-acetylcysteine amide in Wistar rats. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:54. [PMID: 28446133 PMCID: PMC5405552 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study sought to evaluate the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) eye drops in reversing the cataract formation induced by sodium selenite in male Wistar rat pups. METHODS Forty male Wistar rat pups were randomly divided into a control group, an N-acetylcysteine amide-only group, a sodium selenite-induced cataract group, and a NACA-treated sodium selenite-induced cataract group. Sodium selenite was injected intraperitoneally on postpartum day 10, whereas N-acetylcysteine amide was injected intraperitoneally on postpartum days 9, 11, and 13 in the respective groups. Cataracts were evaluated at the end of week 2 (postpartum day 14) when the rat pups opened their eyes. N-acetylcysteine amide eye drops were administered beginning on week 3 until the end of week 4 (postpartum days 15 to 30), and the rats were sacrificed at the end of week 4. Lenses were isolated and examined for oxidative stress parameters such as glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and calcium levels along with the glutathione reductase and thioltransferase enzyme activities. Casein zymography and Western blot of m-calpain were performed using the water soluble fraction of lens proteins. RESULTS Morphological examination of the lenses in the NACA-treated group indicated that NACA was able to reverse the cataract grade. In addition, glutathione level, thioltransferase activity, m-calpain activity, and m-calpain level (as assessed by Western blot) were all significantly higher in the NACA-treated group than in the sodium selenite-induced cataract group. Furthermore, sodium selenite- injected rat pups had significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione reductase enzyme activity, and calcium levels, which were reduced to control levels upon treatment with NACA. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that NACA has the potential to significantly improve vision and decrease the burden of cataract-related loss of function. Prevention and reversal of cataract formation could have a global impact. Development of pharmacological agents like NACA may eventually prevent cataract formation in high-risk populations and may prevent progression of early-stage cataracts. This brings a paradigm shift from expensive surgical treatment of cataracts to relatively inexpensive prevention of vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaswi Maddirala
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409 USA
| | - Shakila Tobwala
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409 USA
| | - Humeyra Karacal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409 USA
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15
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Amen F, Machin A, Touriño C, Rodríguez I, Denicola A, Thomson L. N-acetylcysteine improves the quality of red blood cells stored for transfusion. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 621:31-37. [PMID: 28392212 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Storage inflicts a series of changes on red blood cells (RBC) that compromise the cell survival and functionality; largely these alterations (storage lesions) are due to oxidative modifications. The possibility of improving the quality of packed RBC stored for transfusion including N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the preservation solution was explored. Relatively high concentrations of NAC (20-25 mM) were necessary to prevent the progressive leakage of hemoglobin, while lower concentrations (≥2.5 mM) were enough to prevent the loss of reduced glutathione during the first 21 days of storage. Peroxiredoxin-2 was also affected during storage, with a progressive accumulation of disulfide-linked dimers and hetero-protein complexes in the cytosol and also in the membrane of stored RBC. Although the presence of NAC in the storage solution was unable to avoid the formation of thiol-mediated protein complexes, it partially restored the capacity of the cell to metabolize H2O2, indicating the potential use of NAC as an additive in the preservation solution to improve RBC performance after transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Amen
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Machin
- Cátedra y Departamento de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cristina Touriño
- Departamento Básico de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ismael Rodríguez
- Cátedra y Departamento de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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16
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N-acetylcysteine amide (AD4) reduces cocaine-induced reinstatement. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3437-48. [PMID: 27469021 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic exposure to drugs of abuse changes glutamatergic transmission in human addicts and animal models. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a cysteine prodrug that indirectly activates cysteine-glutamate antiporters. In the extrasynaptic space, NAC restores basal glutamate levels during drug abstinence and normalizes increased glutamatergic tone in rats during reinstatement to drugs of abuse. In initial clinical trials, repeated NAC administration seems to be promising for reduced craving in cocaine addicts. OBJECTIVE In this study, NAC-amide, called AD4 or NACA, was examined in intravenous cocaine self-administration and extinction/reinstatement procedures in rats. We investigated the behavioral effects of AD4 in the olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) rats, considered an animal model of depression. Finally, we tested rats injected with AD4 or NAC during 10-daily extinction training sessions to examine subsequent cocaine seeking. RESULTS AD4 (25-75 mg kg(-1)) given acutely did not alter the rewarding effects of cocaine in OBX rats and sham-operated controls. However, at 6.25-50 mg kg(-1), AD4 decreased dose-dependently cocaine seeking and relapse triggered by cocaine priming or drug-associated conditioned cues in both phenotypes. Furthermore, repeated treatment with AD4 (25 mg kg(-1)) or NAC (100 mg kg(-1)) during daily extinction trials reduced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in sham-operated controls. In the OBX rats only, AD4 effectively blocked cocaine-seeking behavior. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that AD4 is effective at blocking cocaine-seeking behavior, highlighting its potential clinical use toward cocaine use disorder.
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17
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Chen K, Lin G, Haelterman NA, Ho TSY, Li T, Li Z, Duraine L, Graham BH, Jaiswal M, Yamamoto S, Rasband MN, Bellen HJ. Loss of Frataxin induces iron toxicity, sphingolipid synthesis, and Pdk1/Mef2 activation, leading to neurodegeneration. eLife 2016; 5:e16043. [PMID: 27343351 PMCID: PMC4956409 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Frataxin (FXN) cause Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), a recessive neurodegenerative disorder. Previous studies have proposed that loss of FXN causes mitochondrial dysfunction, which triggers elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to the demise of neurons. Here we describe a ROS independent mechanism that contributes to neurodegeneration in fly FXN mutants. We show that loss of frataxin homolog (fh) in Drosophila leads to iron toxicity, which in turn induces sphingolipid synthesis and ectopically activates 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (Pdk1) and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (Mef2). Dampening iron toxicity, inhibiting sphingolipid synthesis by Myriocin, or reducing Pdk1 or Mef2 levels, all effectively suppress neurodegeneration in fh mutants. Moreover, increasing dihydrosphingosine activates Mef2 activity through PDK1 in mammalian neuronal cell line suggesting that the mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved. Our results indicate that an iron/sphingolipid/Pdk1/Mef2 pathway may play a role in FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuchuan Chen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Guang Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Nele A Haelterman
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Tammy Szu-Yu Ho
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Tongchao Li
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Lita Duraine
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Brett H Graham
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Manish Jaiswal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, United States
| | - Matthew N Rasband
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, United States
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18
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Carver KA, Yang D. N-Acetylcysteine Amide Protects Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Microparticle Release From Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:360-71. [PMID: 26842754 PMCID: PMC4736743 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress is a major factor involved in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) apoptosis that underlies AMD. Drusen, extracellular lipid- and protein-containing deposits, are strongly associated with the development of AMD. Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) are small membrane-bound vesicles shed from cells. The purpose of this study was to determine if oxidative stress drives MP release from RPE cells, to assess whether these MPs carry membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs: CD46, CD55, and CD59), and to evaluate the effects of a thiol antioxidant on oxidative stress–induced MP release. Methods Retinal pigment epithelium cells isolated from human donor eyes were cultured and treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative stress. Isolated MPs were fixed for transmission electron microscopy or processed for component analysis by flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, and confocal microscopy. Results Transmission electron microscopy showed that MPs ranged in diameter from 100 to 1000 nm. H2O2 treatment led to time- and dose-dependent elevations in MPs with externalized phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, known markers of MPs. These increases were strongly correlated to RPE apoptosis. Oxidative stress significantly increased the release of mCRP-positive MPs, which were prevented by a thiol antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA). Conclusions This is the first evidence that oxidative stress induces cultured human RPE cells to release MPs that carry mCRPs on their surface. The levels of released MPs are strongly correlated with RPE apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine amide prevents oxidative stress–induced effects. Our findings indicate that oxidative stress reduces mCRPs on the RPE surface through releasing MPs.
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19
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Baratz-Goldstein R, Deselms H, Heim LR, Khomski L, Hoffer BJ, Atlas D, Pick CG. Thioredoxin-Mimetic-Peptides Protect Cognitive Function after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157064. [PMID: 27285176 PMCID: PMC4902227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is recognized as a common injury among children, sportsmen, and elderly population. mTBI lacks visible objective structural brain damage but patients frequently suffer from long-lasting cognitive, behavioral and emotional difficulties associated with biochemical and cellular changes. Currently there is no effective treatment for patients with mTBI. The thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin pathway (TrxR/Trx1) has both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. If the system is compromised, Trx1 remains oxidized and triggers cell death via an ASK1-Trx1 signal transduction mechanism. We previously showed tri and tetra peptides which were derived from the canonical -CxxC- motif of the Trx1-active site, called thioredoxin mimetic (TXM) peptides, reversed inflammatory and oxidative stress damage mimicking Trx1 activity. Here, TXM-peptides were examined for protecting cognitive function following weight drop closed-head injury in a mouse model of mTBI. TXM-CB3 (AcCys-Pro-CysNH2), TXM-CB13 (DY-70; AcCys-Met-Lys-CysNH2) or AD4 (ACysNH2) were administered at 50 mg/kg, 60 min after injury and cognitive performance was monitored by the novel-object-recognition and Y-maze tests. Behavioral deficits subsequent to mTBI injury were reversed by a single dose of TXM-CB3, TXM-CB13 and, to a lesser extent, by AD4. TXM-CB13 similar to TXM-CB3 and AD4 reversed oxidative stress-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated kinases, p38MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, (JNK) in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. We conclude that significantly improved cognitive behavior post mTBI by the TXM-peptides could result from anti-apoptotic, and/or anti-inflammatory activities. Future preclinical studies are required to establish the TXM-peptides as potential therapeutic drugs for brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renana Baratz-Goldstein
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (RBG); (DA)
| | - Hanna Deselms
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Leore Raphael Heim
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lena Khomski
- Department Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daphne Atlas
- Department Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
- * E-mail: (RBG); (DA)
| | - Chaim G. Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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20
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Treatment of β-Thalassemia/Hemoglobin E with Antioxidant Cocktails Results in Decreased Oxidative Stress, Increased Hemoglobin Concentration, and Improvement of the Hypercoagulable State. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:537954. [PMID: 26078808 PMCID: PMC4452506 DOI: 10.1155/2015/537954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the antioxidant treatment for thalassemia have reported variable outcomes. However, treatment of thalassemia with a combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic antioxidants and an iron chelator has not been studied. This study investigated the effects of antioxidant cocktails for the treatment of β-thalassemia/hemoglobin E (HbE), which is the most common form of β-thalassemia in Southeast Asia. Sixty patients were divided into two groups receiving N-acetylcysteine, deferiprone, and either curcuminoids (CUR) or vitamin E (Vit-E), and their hematological parameters, iron load, oxidative stress, and blood coagulation potential were evaluated. Patients were classified as responders if they showed the improvements of the markers of iron load and oxidative stress, otherwise as nonresponders. During treatment, the responders in both groups had significantly decreased iron load, oxidative stress, and coagulation potential and significantly increased antioxidant capacity and hemoglobin concentration. The significantly maximum increase (P < 0.01) in hemoglobin concentration was 11% at month 4 in CUR group responders and 10% at month 10 in Vit-E group responders. In conclusion, the two antioxidant cocktails can improve anemia, iron overload, oxidative stress, and hypercoagulable state in β-thalassemia/HbE.
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21
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Liu L, Zhang K, Sandoval H, Yamamoto S, Jaiswal M, Sanz E, Li Z, Hui J, Graham BH, Quintana A, Bellen HJ. Glial lipid droplets and ROS induced by mitochondrial defects promote neurodegeneration. Cell 2015; 160:177-90. [PMID: 25594180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial defects in neurons are implicated in neurodegenerative disease. Here, we find that a key consequence of ROS and neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction is the accumulation of lipid droplets (LD) in glia. In Drosophila, ROS triggers c-Jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SREBP) activity in neurons leading to LD accumulation in glia prior to or at the onset of neurodegeneration. The accumulated lipids are peroxidated in the presence of ROS. Reducing LD accumulation in glia and lipid peroxidation via targeted lipase overexpression and/or lowering ROS significantly delays the onset of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, a similar pathway leads to glial LD accumulation in Ndufs4 mutant mice with neuronal mitochondrial defects, suggesting that LD accumulation following mitochondrial dysfunction is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, and represents an early, transient indicator and promoter of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Structural and Computational Biology & Molecular Biophysics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hector Sandoval
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Manish Jaiswal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elisenda Sanz
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jessica Hui
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Albert Quintana
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Center for Developmental Therapeutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Structural and Computational Biology & Molecular Biophysics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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da Silva DGH, Ricci O, de Almeida EA, Bonini-Domingos CR. Potential utility of melatonin as an antioxidant therapy in the management of sickle cell anemia. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:178-88. [PMID: 25545035 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess antioxidant effects of melatonin treatment compared to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and to their combination in a sickle cell suspension. Sickle erythrocytes were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4, composing external control group. They were also suspended and incubated at 37°C either in the absence (experimental control group) or in the presence of NAC, melatonin and their combination at concentrations of 100 pm, 100 nm and 100 μm for 1 hr (treatment groups). The melatonin influences were evaluated by spectrophotometric [hemolysis degree, catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities] and chromatographic methods [glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels]. Incubation period was able to cause a rise about 64% on hemolysis degree as well as practically doubled the lipid peroxidation levels (P < 0.01). However, almost all antioxidants tested treatments neutralized this incubation effect observed in MDA levels. Among the antioxidant biomarkers evaluated, we observed a modulating effect of combined treatment on GPx and SOD activities (P < 0.01), which showed ~25% decrease in their activities. In addition, we found an antioxidant dose-dependent effect for melatonin on lipid peroxidation (r = -0.29; P = 0.03) and for combined antioxidant treatments also on MDA levels (r = -0.37; P = 0.01) and on SOD activity (r = -0.54; P < 0.01). Hence, these findings contribute with important insight that melatonin individually or in combination with NAC may be useful for sickle cell anemia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Grünig Humberto da Silva
- Department of Biology, Hemoglobin and Hematologic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ozturk Z, Genc GE, Kupesiz A, Kurtoglu E, Gumuslu S. Thalassemia major patients using iron chelators showed a reduced plasma thioredoxin level and reduced thioredoxin reductase activity, despite elevated oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:309-16. [PMID: 25564095 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1004327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate plasma levels of peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) and thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and the activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), in thalassemia major (TM) patients living in the Antalya region, Turkey. The patients were divided into three groups, according to chelators - the deferoxamine group (DFO, n = 20), the deferasirox group (DFX, n = 20), and the deferiprone group (DFP, n = 20), to compare any possible effect of chelators on antioxidative and oxidative stress parameters. A control group (n = 20) was selected from healthy volunteers. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and TrxR, as well as the concentrations of Prx2, Trx1, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), reduced glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the plasma samples of TM patients and the controls. The activity of CAT and the levels of H2O2 and MDA in the TM patients were significantly higher than those in the controls, while the levels of GPx, Trx1, TrxR, and GSH were lower. The concentrations of ferritin, GSH, H2O2, and MDA, as well as the activities of GR, CAT and TrxR, showed significant differences among the chelator groups. Although TrxR activity showed an increase in TM patients due to an elevated iron overload, both TrxR activity and Trx1 level were lower in the patient groups compared with the cases in the control group. As a result, because Trx1 level and TrxR activity were measured at a low level in the patients, increasing the levels of Trx1 and TrxR in TM patients will be a target of future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ozturk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey
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Kalish Y, Malyutin Z, Shai E, Dana M, Avraham L, Jahshan N, Rachmilewitz E, Fibach E, Varon D. A mouse model to study thrombotic complications of thalassemia. Thromb Res 2015; 135:521-5. [PMID: 25613926 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with β-thalassemia major and mainly intermedia have an increased risk for developing venous and arterial thrombosis which may be related to circulating pathological red blood cells (RBC) and continuous platelet activation. In the present study we used a modified thalassemic mice model in conjunction with a "real-time" carotid thrombus formation procedure to investigate thrombotic complications of thalassemia. Heterozygous Th3/+ mice, which lack one copy of their β-major and β-minor globin genes, exhibit anomalies in RBC size and shape, chronic anemia and splenomegaly which recapitulate the phenotype of human β-thalassemia intermedia. Flow cytometry measurements showed higher reactive oxygen species generation, indicating oxidative stress, in platelets and RBC of the thalassemic mice compared with wild type mice concomitant with an increase in reduced glutathione content which may represent a compensatory response to oxidative stress, and exposed phosphatidylserine which indicates platelet activation. To elucidate the effect of thalassemia on the development of arterial thrombosis, we studied photochemical-induced real-time thrombus formation in the carotid artery of these mice. The results indicated a significantly shorter "time to occlusion" in the thalassemic mice compared to wild type mice, which was prolonged following in vivo aspirin treatment. We suggest that this mouse model may contribute to our understanding of platelet activation and the hypercoagulable state in thalassemia and lay foundations to screening of anti-platelet drugs as well as anti-oxidants as possible therapeutics for prevention of thrombosis in thalassemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Kalish
- Coagulation Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zeev Malyutin
- Coagulation Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ela Shai
- Coagulation Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mutaz Dana
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Limor Avraham
- Coagulation Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nivin Jahshan
- Coagulation Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Eitan Fibach
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Varon
- Coagulation Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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25
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Sagar CS, Kumar R, Sharma DC, Kishor P. DNA damage: beta zero versus beta plus thalassemia. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:585-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.990921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Matté A, Pantaleo A, Ferru E, Turrini F, Bertoldi M, Lupo F, Siciliano A, Ho Zoon C, De Franceschi L. The novel role of peroxiredoxin-2 in red cell membrane protein homeostasis and senescence. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:80-8. [PMID: 25151118 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx2), a typical two-cysteine peroxiredoxin, is the third most abundant protein in red cells. Although progress has been made in the functional characterization of Prx2, its role in red cell membrane protein homeostasis is still under investigation. Here, we studied Prx2(-/-) mouse red cells. The absence of Prx2 promotes (i) activation of the oxidative-induced Syk pathway; (ii) increased band 3 Tyr phosphorylation, with clustered band 3; and (iii) increased heat shock protein (HSP27 and HSP70) membrane translocation. This was associated with enhanced in vitro erythrophagocytosis of Prx2(-/-) red cells and reduced Prx2(-/-) red cell survival, indicating the possible role of Prx2 membrane recruitment in red cell aging and in the clearance of oxidized hemoglobin and damaged proteins through microparticles. Indeed, we observed an increased release of microparticles from Prx2(-/-) mouse red cells. The mass spectrometric analysis of erythroid microparticles found hemoglobin chains, membrane proteins, and HSPs. To test these findings, we treated Prx2(-/-) mice with antioxidants in vivo. We observed that N-acetylcysteine reduced (i) Syk activation, (ii) band 3 clusterization, (iii) HSP27 membrane association, and (iv) erythroid microparticle release, resulting in increased Prx2(-/-) mouse red cell survival. Thus, we propose that Prx2 may play a cytoprotective role in red cell membrane protein homeostasis and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Matté
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, AOUI-Policlinico GB Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ferru
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Franco Turrini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariarita Bertoldi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, AOUI-Policlinico GB Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Lupo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, AOUI-Policlinico GB Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Angela Siciliano
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, AOUI-Policlinico GB Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Chae Ho Zoon
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangjiu, Korea
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, AOUI-Policlinico GB Rossi, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Ozdemir ZC, Koc A, Aycicek A, Kocyigit A. N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation Reduces Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Children with β-Thalassemia. Hemoglobin 2014; 38:359-64. [DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2014.951890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Moldobaeva A, Rentsendorj O, Jenkins J, Wagner EM. Nitric oxide synthase promotes distension-induced tracheal venular leukocyte adherence. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106092. [PMID: 25181540 PMCID: PMC4152173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of leukocyte recruitment to the airways in real time has not been extensively studied, yet airway inflammation persists as a major contributor to lung pathology. We showed previously in vivo, that neutrophils are recruited acutely to the large airways after periods of airway distension imposed by the application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Given extensive literature implicating products of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in lung injury after ventilatory over-distension, we questioned whether similar mechanisms exist in airway post-capillary venules. Yet, endothelial nitric oxide has been shown to be largely anti-inflammatory in other systemic venules. Using intravital microscopy to visualize post-capillary tracheal venules in anesthetized, ventilated mice, the number of adherent leukocytes was significantly decreased in eNOS-/- mice under baseline conditions (2±1 cell/60 min observation) vs wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice (7±2 cells). After exposure to PEEP (8 cmH2O for 1 min; 5 times), adherent cells increased significantly (29±5 cells) in WT mice while eNOS-/- mice demonstrated a significantly decreased number of adherent cells (11±4 cells) after PEEP. A similar response was seen when thrombin was used as the pro-inflammatory stimulus. In addition, mouse tracheal venular endothelial cells studied in vitro after exposure to cyclic stretch (18% elongation) or thrombin both demonstrated increased p-selectin expression that was significantly attenuated by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) and excess BH4. In vivo treatment with the ROS inhibitor NACA or co-factor BH4 abolished completely the PEEP-induced leukocyte adherence. These results suggest that pro-inflammatory stimuli cause leukocyte recruitment to tracheal endothelium in part due to eNOS uncoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigul Moldobaeva
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Otgonchimeg Rentsendorj
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Wagner
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Coates TD. Physiology and pathophysiology of iron in hemoglobin-associated diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:23-40. [PMID: 24726864 PMCID: PMC4940047 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload and iron toxicity, whether because of increased absorption or iron loading from repeated transfusions, can be major causes of morbidity and mortality in a number of chronic anemias. Significant advances have been made in our understanding of iron homeostasis over the past decade. At the same time, advances in magnetic resonance imaging have allowed clinicians to monitor and quantify iron concentrations noninvasively in specific organs. Furthermore, effective iron chelators are now available, including preparations that can be taken orally. This has resulted in substantial improvement in mortality and morbidity for patients with severe chronic iron overload. This paper reviews the key points of iron homeostasis and attempts to place clinical observations in patients with transfusional iron overload in context with the current understanding of iron homeostasis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Coates
- Children׳s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children׳s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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Fibach E, Rachmilewitz EA. Does erythropoietin have a role in the treatment of β-hemoglobinopathies? Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2014; 28:249-63. [PMID: 24589265 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the indications and contraindications (pros and cons) for the potential use of erythropoietin (Epo) as a treatment in β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia (SCA). Its high cost and route of administration (by injection) are obvious obstacles, especially in underdeveloped countries, where thalassemia is prevalent. We believe that from the data summarized in this review, the time has come to define, by studying in vitro and in vivo models, as well as by controlled clinical trials, the rationale for treating patients with various forms of thalassemia and SCA with Epo alone or in combination with other medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Fibach
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Glutathione redox system in β -thalassemia/Hb E patients. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:543973. [PMID: 24223032 PMCID: PMC3816076 DOI: 10.1155/2013/543973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β -thalassemia/Hb E is known to cause oxidative stress induced by iron overload. The glutathione system is the major endogenous antioxidant that protects animal cells from oxidative damage. This study aimed to determine the effect of disease state and splenectomy on redox status expressed by whole blood glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and also to evaluate glutathione-related responses to oxidation in β -thalassemia/Hb E patients. Twenty-seven normal subjects and 25 β -thalassemia/Hb E patients were recruited and blood was collected. The GSH/GSSG ratio, activities of glutathione-related enzymes, hematological parameters, and serum ferritin levels were determined in individuals. Patients had high iron-induced oxidative stress, shown as significantly increased serum ferritin, a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, and increased activities of glutathione-related enzymes. Splenectomy increased serum ferritin levels and decreased GSH levels concomitant with unchanged glutathione-related enzyme activities. The redox ratio had a positive correlation with hemoglobin levels and negative correlation with levels of serum ferritin. The glutathione system may be the body's first-line defense used against oxidative stress and to maintain redox homeostasis in thalassemic patients based on the significant correlations between the GSH/GSSH ratio and degree of anemia or body iron stores.
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Oxidative stress and β-thalassemic erythroid cells behind the molecular defect. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:985210. [PMID: 24205432 PMCID: PMC3800594 DOI: 10.1155/2013/985210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
β-thalassemia is a worldwide distributed monogenic red cell disorder, characterized by the absence or reduced β-globin chain synthesis. Despite the extensive knowledge of the molecular defects causing β-thalassemia, less is known about the mechanisms responsible for the associated ineffective erythropoiesis and reduced red cell survival, which sustain anemia of β-thalassemia. The unbalance of alpha-gamma chain and the presence of pathological free iron promote a severe red cell membrane oxidative stress, which results in abnormal β-thalassemic red cell features. These cells are precociously removed by the macrophage system through two mechanisms: the removal of phosphatidylserine positive cells and through the natural occurring antibody produced against the abnormally clustered membrane protein band 3. In the present review we will discuss the changes in β-thalassemic red cell homeostasis related to the oxidative stress and its connection with production of microparticles and with malaria infection. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also involved in ineffective erythropoiesis of β-thalassemia through still partially known pathways. Novel cytoprotective systems such as ASHP, eIF2α, and peroxiredoxin-2 have been suggested to be important against ROS in β-thalassemic erythropoiesis. Finally, we will discuss the results of the major in vitro and in vivo studies with antioxidants in β-thalassemia.
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Sunitha K, Hemshekhar M, Thushara RM, Santhosh MS, Yariswamy M, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. N-Acetylcysteine amide: a derivative to fulfill the promises of N-Acetylcysteine. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:357-67. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.781595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
It is common knowledge that thalassemic patients are under significant oxidative stress. Chronic hemolysis, frequent blood transfusion, and increased intestinal absorption of iron are the main factors that result in iron overload with its subsequent pathophysiologic complications. Iron overload frequently associates with the generation of redox-reactive labile iron, which in turn promotes the production of other reactive oxygen species (ROS). If not neutralized, uncontrolled production of ROS often leads to damage of various intra- and extracellular components such as DNA, proteins, lipids, and small antioxidant molecules among others. A number of endogenous and exogenous defense mechanisms can neutralize and counteract the damaging effects of labile iron and the reactive substances associated with it. Endogenous antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and ferroxidase, may directly or sequentially terminate the activities of ROS. Nonenzymatic endogenous defense mechanisms include metal binding proteins (ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, albumin, and others) and endogenously produced free radical scavengers (glutathione (GSH), ubiquinols, and uric acid). Exogenous agents that are known to function as antioxidants (vitamins C and E, selenium, and zinc) are mostly diet-derived. In this review, we explore recent findings related to various antioxidative mechanisms operative in thalassemic patients with special emphasis on protein antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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35
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Arruda MM, Mecabo G, Rodrigues CA, Matsuda SS, Rabelo IB, Figueiredo MS. Antioxidant vitamins C and E supplementation increases markers of haemolysis in sickle cell anaemia patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Haematol 2012; 160:688-700. [PMID: 23278176 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes from sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients continuously produce larger amounts of pro-oxidants than normal cells. Oxidative stress seems to primarily affect the membrane and results in haemolysis. The use of antioxidants in vitro reduces the generation of pro-oxidants. To evaluate the impact of vitamins C (VitC) and E (VitE) supplementation in SCA patients, patients over 18 years were randomly assigned to receive VitC 1400 mg + VitE 800 mg per day or placebo orally for 180 d. Eighty-three patients were enrolled (44 vitamins, 39 placebo), median age 27 (18-68) years, 64% female. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding clinical complications or baseline laboratorial tests. Sixty percent of the patients were VitC deficient, 70% were VitE deficient. Supplementation significantly increased serum VitC and E. However, no significant changes in haemoglobin levels were observed, and, unexpectedly, there was a significant increase in haemolytic markers with vitamin supplementation. In conclusion, VitC + VitE supplementation did not improve anaemia and, surprisingly, increased markers of haemolysis in patients with SCA and S-β(0) -thalassaemia. The exact mechanisms to explain this findings and their clinical significance remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Arruda
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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36
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Lee IT, Yang CM. Role of NADPH oxidase/ROS in pro-inflammatory mediators-induced airway and pulmonary diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:581-90. [PMID: 22587816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are products of normal cellular metabolism and are known to act as second messengers. Under physiological conditions, ROS participate in maintenance of cellular 'redox homeostasis' in order to protect cells against oxidative stress. In addition, regulation of redox state is important for cell activation, viability, proliferation, and organ function. However, overproduction of ROS, most frequently due to excessive stimulation of either reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or the mitochondrial electron transport chain and xanthine oxidase, results in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a deleterious process that leads to airway and lung damage and consequently to several respiratory inflammatory diseases/injuries, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Many of the known inflammatory target proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)), are associated with NADPH oxidase activation and ROS overproduction in response to pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, oxidative stress regulates both key inflammatory signal transduction pathways and target proteins involved in airway and lung inflammation. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of NADPH oxidase/ROS in the expression of inflammatory target proteins involved in airway and lung diseases. Knowledge of the mechanisms of ROS regulation could lead to the pharmacological manipulation of antioxidants in airway and lung inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ta Lee
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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37
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Bayat V, Thiffault I, Jaiswal M, Tétreault M, Donti T, Sasarman F, Bernard G, Demers-Lamarche J, Dicaire MJ, Mathieu J, Vanasse M, Bouchard JP, Rioux MF, Lourenco CM, Li Z, Haueter C, Shoubridge EA, Graham BH, Brais B, Bellen HJ. Mutations in the mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA synthetase cause a neurodegenerative phenotype in flies and a recessive ataxia (ARSAL) in humans. PLoS Biol 2012; 10:e1001288. [PMID: 22448145 PMCID: PMC3308940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of Drosophila neurodegenerative mutants combined with genetic and biochemical analyses lead to the identification of multiple complex mutations in 60 patients with a novel form of ataxia/leukoencephalopathy. An increasing number of genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, or function have been found to be mutated in metabolic disorders and neurological diseases such as Leigh Syndrome. In a forward genetic screen to identify genes required for neuronal function and survival in Drosophila photoreceptor neurons, we have identified mutations in the mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA synthetase, Aats-met, the homologue of human MARS2. The fly mutants exhibit age-dependent degeneration of photoreceptors, shortened lifespan, and reduced cell proliferation in epithelial tissues. We further observed that these mutants display defects in oxidative phosphorylation, increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and an upregulated mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response. With the aid of this knowledge, we identified MARS2 to be mutated in Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia with Leukoencephalopathy (ARSAL) patients. We uncovered complex rearrangements in the MARS2 gene in all ARSAL patients. Analysis of patient cells revealed decreased levels of MARS2 protein and a reduced rate of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Patient cells also exhibited reduced Complex I activity, increased ROS, and a slower cell proliferation rate, similar to Drosophila Aats-met mutants. Neurodegenerative diseases, as a group, are relatively common and often devastating to those who suffer from them. Key insights are emerging from the study of homologues of identified human disease-causing genes in model organisms such as fruit flies, worms, and mice. In this study, we used the fruit fly to identify novel neurodegeneration-causing mutations and identified the Aats-met gene, whose protein product is involved in mitochondrial translation. We found that mutations in this gene cause neurodegeneration, impaired mitochondrial activity, and elevated oxidative stress. We were able to attenuate these defects with antioxidants like Vitamin E. We also determined that unusual duplications in the homologous human gene, MARS2, were responsible for a novel type of progressive ataxia found in some French Canadian families. Cells taken from these patients have many of the characteristic defects observed in flies, showing that the fly mutants can be used to further explore disease mechanisms and test potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Bayat
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique de la Motricité, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute–McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Manish Jaiswal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Martine Tétreault
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique de la Motricité, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Taraka Donti
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Florin Sasarman
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute–McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique de la Motricité, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Demers-Lamarche
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique de la Motricité, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Dicaire
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique de la Motricité, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Mathieu
- Clinique des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Centre de Santé et de Services Sociaux de Jonquière, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Vanasse
- Clinique des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouchard
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec–Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Rioux
- Service de Neurologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles M. Lourenco
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto–São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claire Haueter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Shoubridge
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute–McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brett H. Graham
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bernard Brais
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique de la Motricité, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute–McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Clinique des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Centre de Santé et de Services Sociaux de Jonquière, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
- Clinique des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail: (BB); (HJB)
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BB); (HJB)
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Zhang X, Tobwala S, Ercal N. N-Acetylcysteine amide protects against methamphetamine-induced tissue damage in CD-1 mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:931-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112438287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), a highly addictive drug used worldwide, induces oxidative stress in various animal organs, especially the brain. This study evaluated oxidative damage caused by METH to tissues in CD-1 mice and identified a therapeutic drug that could protect against METH-induced toxicity. Male CD-1 mice were pretreated with a novel thiol antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA, 250 mg/kg body weight) or saline. Following this, METH (10 mg/kg body weight) or saline intraperitoneal injections were administered every 2 h over an 8-h period. Animals were killed 24 h after the last exposure. NACA-treated animals exposed to METH experienced significantly lower oxidative stress in their kidneys, livers, and brains than the untreated group, as indicated by their levels of glutathione, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl and their catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity. This suggests that METH induces oxidative stress in various organs and that a combination of NACA as a neuro- or tissue-protective agent, in conjunction with current treatment, might effectively treat METH abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - S Tobwala
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - N Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
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Nur E, Brandjes DP, Teerlink T, Otten HM, Oude Elferink RPJ, Muskiet F, Evers LM, ten Cate H, Biemond BJ, Duits AJ, Schnog JJB. N-acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress in sickle cell patients. Ann Hematol 2012; 91:1097-105. [PMID: 22318468 PMCID: PMC3368118 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-011-1404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is of importance in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD). In this open label randomized pilot study the effects of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on phosphatidylserine (PS) expression as marker of cellular oxidative damage (primary end point), and markers of hemolysis, coagulation and endothelial activation and NAC tolerability (secondary end points) were studied. Eleven consecutive patients (ten homozygous [HbSS] sickle cell patients, one HbSβ(0)-thalassemia patient) were randomly assigned to treatment with either 1,200 or 2,400 mg NAC daily during 6 weeks. The data indicate an increment in whole blood glutathione levels and a decrease in erythrocyte outer membrane phosphatidylserine exposure, plasma levels of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and cell-free hemoglobin after 6 weeks of NAC treatment in both dose groups. One patient did not tolerate the 2,400 mg dose and continued with the 1,200 mg dose. During the study period, none of the patients experienced painful crises or other significant SCD or NAC related complications. These data indicate that N-acetylcysteine treatment of sickle cell patients may reduce SCD related oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Nur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Increased efflux of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) causes glutathione depletion and potentially diminishes antioxidant defense in sickle erythrocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:1412-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Nur E, Biemond BJ, Otten HM, Brandjes DP, Schnog JJB. Oxidative stress in sickle cell disease; pathophysiology and potential implications for disease management. Am J Hematol 2011; 86:484-9. [PMID: 21544855 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy characterized by hemolytic anemia, increased susceptibility to infections and vaso-occlusion leading to a reduced quality of life and life expectancy. Oxidative stress is an important feature of SCD and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of hemolysis, vaso-occlusion and ensuing organ damage in sickle cell patients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the (end-)products of their oxidative reactions are potential markers of disease severity and could be targets for antioxidant therapies. This review will summarize the role of ROS in SCD and their potential implication for SCD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Nur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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42
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Bachnoff N, Trus M, Atlas D. Alleviation of oxidative stress by potent and selective thioredoxin-mimetic peptides. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1355-67. [PMID: 21377525 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the major enzymatic cell defenses providing protection from oxidative injury is the TrxR-Trx system. It consists of NADPH and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), which maintain thioredoxin (Trx) in a reduced state. Perturbing the TrxR-Trx system with the selective TrxR inhibitor auranofin (AuF; 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranosato-S-(triethylphosphine) gold) induces oxidative stress by keeping Trx in its oxidized state. We have prepared a family of tri- and tetra-oligopeptides derived from the canonical CxxC motif of the Trx active site and a modified CxC motif. These Trx-mimetic compounds are N- and C-terminal-blocked peptides that consist of two cysteine residues that flank the two-amino-acid CxxC motif (CB4 and CB6) or the single-amino-acid CxC motif (CB3). Catecholamine (CA) secretion in bovine chromaffin cells, which is a highly redox sensitive process, is abolished by AuF. The Trx-mimetic peptides effectively restore CA secretion, as monitored by amperometry in single cells. They also prevent the AuF-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. In PC12 cells, the alleviation of AuF-induced ERK1/2-MAPK phosphorylation by Trx-like peptides parallels their effect of restoring CA secretion. CB3, CB4, and CB6 act intracellularly and are significantly more potent than the traditional antioxidants NAC, GSH, DTT, AD4 (NAC-amide), and ascorbic acid. Taken together, the CxxC and CxC peptides represent a new family of potent and selective redox compounds that could serve as potential candidates for prevention and treatment of oxidative-stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niv Bachnoff
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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43
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Schimel AM, Abraham L, Cox D, Sene A, Kraus C, Dace DS, Ercal N, Apte RS. N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) prevents retinal degeneration by up-regulating reduced glutathione production and reversing lipid peroxidation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:2032-43. [PMID: 21457933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in accelerating retinal pigment epithelial dysfunction and death in degenerative retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration. Given the key role of oxidative stress-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell death and secondary photoreceptor loss in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration, we hypothesized that a novel thiol antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), might ameliorate cellular damage and subsequent loss of vision. Treatment of human retinal pigment epithelial cells with NACA protected against oxidative stress-induced cellular injury and death. NACA acted mechanistically by scavenging existing reactive oxygen species while halting production of reactive oxygen species by reversing lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, NACA functioned by increasing the levels of reduced glutathione and the phase II detoxification enzyme glutathione peroxidase. Treatment of mice exposed to phototoxic doses of light with NACA maintained retinal pigment epithelial cell integrity and prevented outer nuclear layer cell death as examined by histopathologic methods and rescued photoreceptor function as measured by electroretinography. These observations indicate that NACA protects against oxidative stress-induced retinal pigment epithelial and photoreceptor cell death in vitro and in vivo. The data suggest that NACA may be a novel treatment in rescuing retinal function and preventing vision loss secondary to retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Schimel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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44
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Carey JW, Pinarci EY, Penugonda S, Karacal H, Ercal N. In vivo inhibition of l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine-induced cataracts by a novel antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine amide. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:722-9. [PMID: 21172425 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), a free radical scavenger, on cataract development were evaluated in Wistar rat pups. Cataract formation was induced in these animals with an intraperitoneal injection of a glutathione (GSH) synthesis inhibitor, l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). To assess whether NACA has a significant impact on BSO-induced cataracts, the rats were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) BSO only, (3) NACA only, and (4) NACA+BSO. The control group received only saline ip injections on postpartum day 3, the BSO-only group was given ip injections of BSO (4mmol/kg body wt), the NACA-only group received ip injections of only NACA (250mg/kg body wt), and the NACA+BSO group was given a dose of NACA 30min before administration of the BSO injection. The pups were sacrificed on postpartum day 15, after examination under a slit-lamp microscope. Their lenses were analyzed for selective oxidative stress parameters, including glutathione (reduced and oxidized), protein carbonyls, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and malondialdehyde. The lenses of pups in both the control and the NACA-only groups were clear, whereas all pups within the BSO-only group developed well-defined cataracts. It was found that supplemental NACA injections during BSO treatment prevented cataract formation in most of the rat pups in the NACA+BSO group. Only 20% of these pups developed cataracts, and the rest retained clear lenses. Further, GSH levels were significantly decreased in the BSO-only treated group, but rats that received NACA injections during BSO treatment had these levels of GSH replenished. Our findings indicate that NACA inhibits cataract formation by limiting protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and redox system components, as well as replenishing antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Carey
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Freikman I, Ringel I, Fibach E. Oxidative Stress-Induced Membrane Shedding from RBCs is Ca Flux-Mediated and Affects Membrane Lipid Composition. J Membr Biol 2011; 240:73-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-011-9345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Amer J, Dana M, Fibach E. The antioxidant effect of erythropoietin on thalassemic blood cells. Anemia 2010; 2010:978710. [PMID: 21490911 PMCID: PMC3065733 DOI: 10.1155/2010/978710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of its stimulating effect on RBC production, erythropoietin (Epo) is used to treat anemia, for example, in patients on dialysis or on chemotherapy. In β-thalassemia, where Epo levels are low relative to the degree of anemia, Epo treatment improves the anemia state. Since RBC and platelets of these patients are under oxidative stress, which may be involved in anemia and thromboembolic complications, we investigated Epo as an antioxidant. Using flow-cytometry technology, we found that in vitro treatment with Epo of blood cells from these patients increased their glutathione content and reduced their reactive oxygen species, membrane lipid peroxides, and external phosphatidylserine. This resulted in reduced susceptibility of RBC to undergo hemolysis and phagocytosis. Injection of Epo into heterozygous (Hbb(th3/+)) β-thalassemic mice reduced the oxidative markers within 3 hours. Our results suggest that, in addition to stimulating RBC and fetal hemoglobin production, Epo might alleviate symptoms of hemolytic anemias as an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Amer
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mutaz Dana
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eitan Fibach
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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47
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Olalla-Saad ST. Fermented papaya preparation for β-thalassemia? Expert Rev Hematol 2010; 3:265-8. [PMID: 21082979 DOI: 10.1586/ehm.10.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article comments on the results obtained by Fibach et al., which showed reduction of oxidative status in red blood cells of patients with β- and E-β-thalassemia (β-thal) treated with fermented papaya preparation. The study was a three-center, prospective study, including eight patients with β-thal intermedia, four β-thal major and seven E-β-thal patients. The patients received 3 g of fermented papaya preparation (FPP) two- to three-times a day after meals, respectively, for 3 months. A marked decrease in reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and phosphatidylserine externalization and an increase in GSH were detected in both groups of patients, indicating that FPP is efficient in reducing the oxidative stress of these red blood cells. The results are very encouraging as all parameters analyzed indicated the reduction of red blood cells oxidative stress by the action of a natural and inexpensive product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T Olalla-Saad
- Hemocentro-Unicamp, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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48
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Jamuar SS, Tan ES, Sun L, Law HY, Lai AHM, Ng ISL. The Clinical Effects of Fermented Papaya Preparation® (FPP®) on Oxidative Stress in Patients with HbE/ β -Thalassaemia. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/201010581001900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Red blood cells (RBC) of patients with thalassaemia are under continuous oxidative stress. Fermented papaya preparation® (FPP®) has been shown to have an antioxidative effect and is postulated to reduce the oxidative stress on RBC. Objective: To study the clinical effects of FPP® treatment in patients with HbE/β-thalassaemia on RBC indices, oxidative stress and quality of life scores. Method: Patients with HbE/β-thalassaemia who do not receive regular blood transfusion were included in the study and were given FPP® daily (3gm 2 times a day) for 12 weeks. Peripheral blood samples were obtained at the initiation of the study and at 4-weekly intervals thereafter for a period of 12 weeks. The following parameters were measured: Haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), reticulocyte count; Oxidation studies: production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular glutathione content (GSH), spontaneously and in response to oxidative stress; Quality of life (QoL) at the start and at the end of 12 weeks using health survey questionnaires. Results: Seven patients (5 females and 2 males) were recruited to the study from January 2006 to April 2006. Median age of the study population was 19 years (range 4 to 27yrs). In vitro analyses showed production of significantly less ROS and more GSH following treatment. There was no significant difference in the Hb, MCV, reticulocyte count, clinical parameters or QoL scores. FPP® was well tolerated by all the patients. Conclusion: Although oxidative stress parameters were decreased, FPP® did not have any significant effect on the Hb levels or QoL. Longer studies on larger sample size are required to study the long-term clinical effect of FPP® on clinical parameters in patients with Hb E/β-thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Shekhar Jamuar
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ee Shien Tan
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hai Yang Law
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Angeline HM Lai
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ivy SL Ng
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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49
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Banerjee A, Zhang X, Manda KR, Banks WA, Ercal N. HIV proteins (gp120 and Tat) and methamphetamine in oxidative stress-induced damage in the brain: potential role of the thiol antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:1388-98. [PMID: 20188164 PMCID: PMC2873898 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An increased risk of HIV-1 associated dementia (HAD) has been observed in patients abusing methamphetamine (METH). Since both HIV viral proteins (gp120, Tat) and METH induce oxidative stress, drug abusing patients are at a greater risk of oxidative stress-induced damage. The objective of this study was to determine if N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) protects the blood brain barrier (BBB) from oxidative stress-induced damage in animals exposed to gp120, Tat and METH. To study this, CD-1 mice pre-treated with NACA/saline, received injections of gp120, Tat, gp120+Tat or saline for 5days, followed by three injections of METH/saline on the fifth day, and sacrificed 24h after the final injection. Various oxidative stress parameters were measured, and animals treated with gp120+Tat+Meth were found to be the most challenged group, as indicated by their GSH and MDA levels. Treatment with NACA significantly rescued the animals from oxidative stress. Further, NACA-treated animals had significantly higher expression of TJ proteins and BBB permeability as compared to the group treated with gp120+Tat+METH alone, indicating that NACA can protect the BBB from oxidative stress-induced damage in gp120, Tat and METH exposed animals, and thus could be a viable therapeutic option for patients with HAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrayee Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Xinsheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Kalyan Reddy Manda
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - William A Banks
- GRECC-VA, St. Louis, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nuran Ercal
- GRECC-VA, St. Louis, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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50
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Kim SR, Lee KS, Park SJ, Min KH, Lee MH, Lee KA, Bartov O, Atlas D, Lee YC. A novel dithiol amide CB3 attenuates allergic airway disease through negative regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 183:1015-24. [PMID: 20413633 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200906-0902oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cellular redox homeostasis altered by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and weakening of the antioxidant defense leads to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is characterized as a decrease in glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) and the triggering of a number of the redox-sensitive signaling cascades. Recent studies have demonstrated that ROS play an important role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. OBJECTIVES Here we characterized for the first time the protective properties of a new hydrophobic thiol compound, N-acetyl cysteine proline cysteine amide (CB3), in allergic airway diseases. METHODS We used ovalbumin (OVA)-inhaled mice to evaluate the role of CB3 as an antiinflammatory reagent and to determine its molecular signaling activity in allergic airways. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The administration of CB3 (1-50 mg/kg) to OVA-inhaled mice restored the decreased GSH levels, enhanced IL-10 expression, and significantly reduced the increase of Th2 cytokines and OVA-specific IgE. CB3 decreased the number of inflammatory cells and airway hyperresponsiveness in the lungs. We also found that the administration of CB3 dramatically decreased the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in lungs after OVA inhalation. In addition, allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness were substantially reduced by the administration of inhibitors of NF-κB and p38 MAPK, BAY 11-7085, and SB 239063, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CB3 attenuates allergic airway disease by up-regulation of GSH levels as well as inhibition of NF-κB and p38 MAPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Ri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, San 2-20 Geumam-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.
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