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Lu J, Ding W, Wei J, Ye H, Luo H, Li Y, Lin Y, Yu Y, Yao J, Wu R. The role of aroA and ppk1 in Aeromonas veronii pathogenicity and the efficacy evaluation of mutant strain AV-ΔaroA/ppk1 as a live attenuated vaccine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109869. [PMID: 39222829 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is an opportunistic pathogen that poses great threat to aquaculture and human health, so there is an urgent need for green and efficient methods to deal with its infection. In this study, single and double gene deletion strains (AV-ΔaroA, AV-Δppk1 and AV-ΔaroA/ppk1) that can be stably inherited were constructed. Pathogenicity test showed that the toxicity of AV-ΔaroA and AV-ΔaroA/ppk1 was significantly lower compared to wild-type A. veronii. Biological characterization analysis revealed that the decrease in pathogenicity might be due to the declined growth, motility, biofilm formation abilities and the expression of virulence-related genes in mutants. Subsequently, we evaluated the efficacy of AV-ΔaroA/ppk1 as a live attenuated vaccine (LAV). Safety assessment experiments showed that AV-ΔaroA/ppk1 injected at a concentration of 3 × 107 CFU/mL was safe for C. carassius. The relative percentage survival of AV-ΔaroA/ppk1 was 67.85 %, significantly higher than that of the inactivated A. veronii, which had an RPS of 54.84 %. This improved protective effect was mainly attributed to the increased levels of A. veronii specific IgM antibody, enhanced alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities, as well as higher expression levels of several immune related genes. Together, these findings deepen our understanding of the functional roles of aroA and ppk1 in A. veronii pathogenicity, provide a good candidate of LAV for A. veronii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Wan'e Ding
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jinming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Hua Ye
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Hui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Ying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yongyao Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Jiayun Yao
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China.
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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2
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Xu D, Xie Y, Li J. Toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of sulfamethoxazole on Scenedesmus obliquus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113258. [PMID: 35104774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a pollutant that is widely distributed in the global water environment.This substance has toxic effects on various aquatic organisms. Previous studies on SMX have focused on its acute toxicity towards algae and the changes induced at biological and cellular levels, rather than its biotoxicity and mechanisms at the molecular level. In this study, we investigated the effects of SMX on Scenedesmus obliquus as the model organism by performing transmission electron microscopy and transcriptome sequencing analyses. Exposure to SMX promoted gene expression, resulting in changes to algal cell ultrastructure. The cell walls became blurred, the chloroplast structure was seriously damaged, and the number and volume of mitochondria per cell increased. These changes were related to the inhibition of cell growth, decrease in chlorophyll content, increase in cell membrane permeability, and increased production of reactive oxygen species, which led to increased amounts of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde, and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. Our results suggest that SMX affects gene expression by influencing non-coding RNA metabolic processes, leading to changes in nuclear structures. Abnormally expressed long non-coding RNAs extensively regulate downstream gene expression through various mechanisms, such as chromatin recombination, thereby promoting tumor occurrence, invasion, and metastasis. This abnormal expression may be an important mechanism underlying the carcinogenic effects of SMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Yeting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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3
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Zhou J, Yun X, Wang J, Li Q, Wang Y. A review on the ecotoxicological effect of sulphonamides on aquatic organisms. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:534-540. [PMID: 35371922 PMCID: PMC8971571 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are extensively used to treat human and animal diseases and are especially used in animal production to promote the growth performance of livestock and aquatic animals. Sulphonamides, as important drugs for aquatic animals, are often used in aquaculture to prevent and treat diseases. However, various antibiotics found in the aquatic environment exhibit varying degrees of toxicity to aquatic organisms. Antibiotics in wastewater produced in industrial and agricultural processes are not thoroughly removed by sewage treatment and are released into water, which results in varying degrees of pollution of the surrounding water environment, forcing people to pay attention towards the ecosystem. Several studies have investigated the impact of antibiotics on aquatic organisms in water environment; however, only a few studies have investigated the underlying mechanism. Antibiotics persisting in an aquatic environment for a long time can cause genotoxicity and histopathological changes in various aquatic organisms. Therefore, this paper reviews the sources of antibiotics in aquatic environment, the pollution status of sulfonamides in aquatic environment at home and abroad, and focuses on the research status of ecotoxicological effects of sulfonamides on aquatic organisms. Because there are not only antibiotic pollution, but also many other pollutants, such as heavy metals, micro plastics and other chemicals, it will be a challenge to determine the combined effects of antibiotics or other pollutants on aquatic organisms in future environmental toxicity studies. Sulphonamides are ubiquitously detected in the water environment. Sulfamethoxazole is one of the least efficient antibiotics removed in wastewater treatment plants. Interaction of sulphonamides with other antibiotics needs more attention. Multigeneration studies related to the water environment are needed.
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Sertbas M, Ulgen KO. Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling for Unraveling Molecular Mechanisms of High Threat Pathogens. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:566702. [PMID: 33251208 PMCID: PMC7673413 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.566702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens give rise to a wide range of diseases threatening global health and hence drawing public health agencies' attention to establish preventative and curative solutions. Genome-scale metabolic modeling is ever increasingly used tool for biomedical applications including the elucidation of antibiotic resistance, virulence, single pathogen mechanisms and pathogen-host interaction systems. With this approach, the sophisticated cellular system of metabolic reactions inside the pathogens as well as between pathogen and host cells are represented in conjunction with their corresponding genes and enzymes. Along with essential metabolic reactions, alternate pathways and fluxes are predicted by performing computational flux analyses for the growth of pathogens in a very short time. The genes or enzymes responsible for the essential metabolic reactions in pathogen growth are regarded as potential drug targets, as a priori guide to researchers in the pharmaceutical field. Pathogens alter the key metabolic processes in infected host, ultimately the objective of these integrative constraint-based context-specific metabolic models is to provide novel insights toward understanding the metabolic basis of the acute and chronic processes of infection, revealing cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis, identifying strain-specific biomarkers and developing new therapeutic approaches including the combination drugs. The reaction rates predicted during different time points of pathogen development enable us to predict active pathways and those that only occur during certain stages of infection, and thus point out the putative drug targets. Among others, fatty acid and lipid syntheses reactions are recent targets of new antimicrobial drugs. Genome-scale metabolic models provide an improved understanding of how intracellular pathogens utilize the existing microenvironment of the host. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge of genome-scale metabolic modeling in pathogen cells as well as pathogen host interaction systems and the promising applications in the extension of curative strategies against pathogens for global preventative healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sertbas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kutlu O Ulgen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nambiar D, Sharma O, Duff MR, Howell EE. Effects of Osmolytes on Ligand Binding to Dihydropteroate Synthase from Bacillus anthracis. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6212-6224. [PMID: 32580556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osmolyte interactions with ligands can affect their affinity for proteins and are dependent upon the cosolute and the functional groups of the ligand. Here, we explored ligand binding to Bacillus anthracis dihydropteroate synthase (BaDHPS) under osmotic stress conditions. Osmolyte effects were specific to the cosolute and ligand, suggesting interaction of the osmolytes with the free ligands in solution. The association rates of pterin pyrophosphate were mostly unaffected by the osmolytes, except for a 2-fold decrease in the presence of 1 M trehalose, while the dissociation rates decreased in most osmolyte solutions. The viscosity and dielectric constant of the solution did not correlate with the effects of the osmolytes. Experimental results were compared with predicted preferential interaction coefficients (Δμ23/RT) between the osmolytes and ligands. The Δμ23/RT were able to predict the experimental data for most of the osmolytes. Trehalose and proline effects did not correlate with the predicted values, indicating that these two osmolytes may affect binding in more complex ways than simple preferential interactions. Additionally, osmolytes weakly interacted with the sulfa drug sulfathiazole, which altered its affinity for BaDHPS, suggesting that these types of weak interactions can also impact drug binding. As osmolytes affect ligands binding to two different folate cycle enzymes (DHFRs and DHPS), we predicted how ligand binding to other folate cycle enzymes will be altered by the presence of osmolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Nambiar
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ojaswini Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Michael R Duff
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Howell
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Gil DM, Pérez H, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, Frontera A. Role of Imidazole Co–Ligand in the Supramolecular Network of a Co(II) Complex with Sulfadiazine: Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis and Energetic Calculations. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego M. Gil
- INBIOFAL (CONICET – UNT). Instituto de Química Orgánica. Facultad de BioquímicaQuímica y Farmacia.Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Ayacucho 471. T4000INI. San Miguel de Tucumán. Argentina
- CONICET Research Career Members
| | - Hiram Pérez
- Departamento de Química General e InorgánicaFacultad de Química.Universidad de La Habana CP 10400 La Habana Cuba
| | - Gustavo A. Echeverría
- CONICET Research Career Members
- Departamento de FísicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas.Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Institute IFLP (CONICET CCT−La Plata). C. C. 67 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Oscar E. Piro
- CONICET Research Career Members
- Departamento de FísicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas.Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Institute IFLP (CONICET CCT−La Plata). C. C. 67 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares) Spain
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7
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Nassar R, Rifai A, Trivella A, Mazellier P, Mokh S, Al-Iskandarani M. Aqueous chlorination of sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxypyridazine: Kinetics and transformation products identification. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:614-623. [PMID: 29672996 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides (SNs) are synthetic antimicrobial agents. These substances are continually introduced into the environment, and they may spread and maintain bacterial resistance in the different compartments. The chlorination of 2 SNs, namely, sulfamethazine (SMT) and sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP), was investigated to study their reactivity with chlorine at typical concentrations for water treatment conditions. Experiments conducted in purified water show an acceleration of SMT and SMP degradation of a factor 1.5 by comparison to drinking water matrix. This difference is due to pH variation and competitive reactions between SNs and mineral and organic compounds, with chlorine in drinking water. In the presence of an excess of chlorine (6.7 μmol·L-1 ) in ultrapure water at pH 7.2, second-order degradation rate constants were equal to 4.5 × 102 M-1 ·s-1 and 5.2 × 102 M-1 ·s-1 for SMT and SMP, respectively. The structures of transformation products were investigated by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses with equimolar concentrations between chlorine and SNs. SO2 elimination, cyclization, and electrophilic substitutions were the main pathways of by-products formation. Moreover, the toxicity of the proposed structures was predicted by using toxicity estimation software tool program. The results indicated that most by-products may present developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Nassar
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO), Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research (CNRSL), 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2260, Lebanon
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, LPTC, Talence, F-33405, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Ahmad Rifai
- Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO), Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research (CNRSL), 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2260, Lebanon
| | - Aurélien Trivella
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, LPTC, Talence, F-33405, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Patrick Mazellier
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, LPTC, Talence, F-33405, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Samia Mokh
- Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO), Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research (CNRSL), 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2260, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Al-Iskandarani
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO), Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research (CNRSL), 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2260, Lebanon
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8
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Menz J, Müller J, Olsson O, Kümmerer K. Bioavailability of Antibiotics at Soil-Water Interfaces: A Comparison of Measured Activities and Equilibrium Partitioning Estimates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6555-6564. [PMID: 29630833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There are growing concerns that antibiotic pollution impacts environmental microbiota and facilitates the propagation of antibiotic resistance. However, the prediction or analytical determination of bioavailable concentrations of antibiotics in soil is still subject to great uncertainty. Biological assays are increasingly recognized as valuable complementary tools that allow a more direct determination of the residual antibiotic activity. This study assessed the bioavailability of structurally diverse antibiotics at a soil-water interface applying activity-based analyses in conjunction with equilibrium partitioning (EqP) modeling. The activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria of nine antibiotics from different classes was determined in the presence and absence of standard soil (LUFA St. 2.2). The addition of soil affected the activity of different antibiotics to highly varying degrees. Moreover, a highly significant correlation ( p < 0.0001) between the experimentally observed and the EqP-derived log EC50 (half-maximal effective concentration) values was observed. The innovative experimental design of this study provided new insights on the bioavailability of antibiotics at soil-water interfaces. EqP appears to be applicable to a broad range of antibiotics for the purpose of screening-level risk assessment. However, EqP estimates cannot replace soil-specific ecotoxicity testing in higher-tier assessments, since their accuracy is still compromised by a number of factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Menz
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry , Leuphana University Lüneburg , Universitätsallee 1 , D-21335 Lüneburg , Germany
- PGS Toxicology and Environmental Protection , University of Leipzig , Johannisallee 28 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Julia Müller
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry , Leuphana University Lüneburg , Universitätsallee 1 , D-21335 Lüneburg , Germany
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry , Leuphana University Lüneburg , Universitätsallee 1 , D-21335 Lüneburg , Germany
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry , Leuphana University Lüneburg , Universitätsallee 1 , D-21335 Lüneburg , Germany
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9
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Computational study of substituent effects on the acidity, toxicity and chemical reactivity of bacteriostatic sulfonamides. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 81:116-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Chotpatiwetchkul W, Boonyarattanakalin K, Gleeson D, Gleeson MP. Exploring the catalytic mechanism of dihydropteroate synthase: elucidating the differences between the substrate and inhibitor. Org Biomol Chem 2018. [PMID: 28639657 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) catalyzes the condensation of 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphate (DHPPP) with p-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) and is a well validated target for anti-malarial and anti-bacterial drugs. However, in recent years its utility as a therapeutic target has diminished considerably due to multiple mutations. As such, considerable structural biology and medicinal chemistry effort has been expended to understand and overcome this issue. To date no detailed computational analysis of the protein mechanism has been made despite the detailed crystal structures and multiple mechanistic proposals being made. In this study the mechanistic proposals for DHPS have been systematically investigated using a hybrid QM/MM method. We aimed to compare the energetics associated with SN1 and SN2 processes, whether the SN1 process involves a carbocation or neutral DHP intermediate, uncover the identity of the general base in the catalytic mechanism, and understand the differences in substrate vs. inhibitor reactivity. Our results suggest a reaction that follows an SN1 process with the rate determining step being C-O bond breaking to give a carbocation intermediate. Comparative studies on the inhibitor STZ confirm the experimental observations that it is also a DHPS substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warot Chotpatiwetchkul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University, 38 Petkasem Rd., Phasicharoen, Bangkok, 10160, Thailand
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11
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Nunes JHB, de Paiva REF, Cuin A, da Costa Ferreira AM, Lustri WR, Corbi PP. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, crystallographic studies and antibacterial assays of new copper(II) complexes with sulfathiazole and nimesulide. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Commault AS, Barrière F, Lapinsonnière L, Lear G, Bouvier S, Weld RJ. Influence of inoculum and anode surface properties on the selection of Geobacter-dominated biofilms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 195:265-272. [PMID: 26166461 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of inoculum source and anode surface modification (carboxylate -COO(-) and sulfonamide -SO2NH2 groups) on the microbial composition of anode-respiring biofilms. These two factors have not previously been considered in detail. Three different inoculum sources were investigated, a dry aerobic soil, brackish estuarine mud and freshwater sediment. The biofilms were selected using a poised anode (-0.36 V vs Ag/AgCl) and acetate as the electron donor in a three-electrode configuration microbial fuel cell (MFC). Population profiling and cloning showed that all biofilms selected were dominated by Geobacter sp., although their electrochemical properties varied depending on the source inoculum and electrode surface modification. These findings suggest that Geobacter sp. are widespread in soils, even those that do not provide a continuously anaerobic environment, and are better at growing in the MFC conditions than other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey S Commault
- Lincoln Agritech Ltd., Engineering Drive, Lincoln University, Christchurch 7640, New Zealand.
| | - Frédéric Barrière
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Laure Lapinsonnière
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Gavin Lear
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Solène Bouvier
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux, France
| | - Richard J Weld
- Lincoln Agritech Ltd., Engineering Drive, Lincoln University, Christchurch 7640, New Zealand
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13
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Capasso C, Supuran CT. Sulfa and trimethoprim-like drugs – antimetabolites acting as carbonic anhydrase, dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:379-87. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.787422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze
Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence)Italy
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14
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Kakkar D, Tiwari AK, Singh H, Mishra AK. Past and Present Scenario of Imaging Infection and Inflammation: A Nuclear Medicine Perspective. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear medicine techniques provide potential non-invasive tools for imaging infections and inflammations in the body in a precise way. These techniques are further exploited by the use of radiopharmaceuticals in conjunction with imaging tests such as scintigraphy and positron emission tomography. Improved agents for targeting infection exploit the specific accumulation of radiolabeled compounds to understand the pathophysiologic changes involved in the inflammatory process and correlate them with other chronic illnesses. In the recent past, a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals have been developed, broadly classified as specific radiopharmaceuticals and nonspecific radiopharmaceuticals. New developments in positron emission (leveraging 18F and 18fluorodeoxyglucose) and heterocyclic/peptide chemistry and radiochemistry are resulting in unique agents with high specific activity. Various approaches to visualizing infection and inflammation are presented in this review, in an integral manner, that give a clear view of the existing radiopharmaceuticals in clinical practice and those under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Kakkar
- From the Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, and the Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjani K. Tiwari
- From the Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, and the Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Harpal Singh
- From the Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, and the Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K. Mishra
- From the Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, and the Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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Barrow EW, Clinkenbeard PA, Duncan-Decocq RA, Perteet RF, Hill KD, Bourne PC, Valderas MW, Bourne CR, Clarkson NL, Clinkenbeard KD, Barrow WW. High-throughput screening of a diversity collection using biodefense category A and B priority pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17:946-56. [PMID: 22653912 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112448216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the objectives of the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Biodefense Program is to identify or develop broad-spectrum antimicrobials for use against bioterrorism pathogens and emerging infectious agents. As a part of that program, our institution has screened the 10 000-compound MyriaScreen Diversity Collection of high-purity druglike compounds against three NIAID category A and one category B priority pathogens in an effort to identify potential compound classes for further drug development. The effective use of a Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute-based high-throughput screening (HTS) 96-well-based format allowed for the identification of 49 compounds that had in vitro activity against all four pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentration values of ≤16 µg/mL. Adaptation of the HTS process was necessary to conduct the work in higher-level containment, in this case, biosafety level 3. Examination of chemical scaffolds shared by some of the 49 compounds and assessment of available chemical databases indicates that several may represent broad-spectrum antimicrobials whose activity is based on novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther W Barrow
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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16
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Bourne CR, Wakeham N, Bunce RA, Berlin KD, Barrow WW. Classifying compound mechanism of action for linking whole cell phenotypes to molecular targets. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:216-23. [PMID: 22434711 PMCID: PMC3703735 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug development programs have proven successful when performed at a whole cell level, thus incorporating solubility and permeability into the primary screen. However, linking those results to the target within the cell has been a major setback. The Phenotype Microarray system, marketed and sold by Biolog, seeks to address this need by assessing the phenotype in combination with a variety of chemicals with known mechanism of action (MOA). We have evaluated this system for usefulness in deducing the MOA for three test compounds. To achieve this, we constructed a database with 21 known antimicrobials, which served as a comparison for grouping our unknown MOA compounds. Pearson correlation and Ward linkage calculations were used to generate a dendrogram that produced clustering largely by known MOA, although there were exceptions. Of the three unknown compounds, one was definitively placed as an antifolate. The second and third compounds' MOA were not clearly identified, likely because the unique MOA was not represented within the database. The availability of the database generated in this report for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 will increase the accessibility of this technique to other investigators. From our analysis, the Phenotype Microarray system can group compounds with clear MOA, but the distinction of unique or broadly acting MOA at this time is less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R. Bourne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater OK 74078
| | - Nancy Wakeham
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater OK 74078
| | - Richard A. Bunce
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences 1, Stillwater OK 74078
| | - K. Darrell Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences 1, Stillwater OK 74078
| | - William W. Barrow
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater OK 74078
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Baran W, Adamek E, Ziemiańska J, Sobczak A. Effects of the presence of sulfonamides in the environment and their influence on human health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 196:1-15. [PMID: 21955662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
World production and consumption of pharmaceuticals has been steadily increasing. Anti-infectives have been particularly important in modern therapy of microbial infection. Sulfonamides have been widely used for a long time as anti-infectives and are still widely prescribed today. This review presents the most common types of sulfonamides used in healthcare and veterinary medicine and discusses the problems connected with their presence in the biosphere. Based on the analysis of over 160 papers, it was found that small amounts of sulfonamides present in the environment were mainly derived from agricultural activities. These drugs have caused changes in the population of microbes that could be potentially hazardous to human health. This human health hazard could have a global range, and administrative activities have been ineffective in risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Baran
- Silesian Medical University, Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Kim HU, Kim SY, Jeong H, Kim TY, Kim JJ, Choy HE, Yi KY, Rhee JH, Lee SY. Integrative genome-scale metabolic analysis of Vibrio vulnificus for drug targeting and discovery. Mol Syst Biol 2011; 7:460. [PMID: 21245845 PMCID: PMC3049409 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2010.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 1 of Vibrio vulnificus tends to contain larger portion of essential or housekeeping genes on the basis of the genomic analysis and gene knockout experiments performed in this study, while its chromosome 2 seems to have originated and evolved from a plasmid. The genome-scale metabolic network model of V. vulnificus was reconstructed based on databases and literature, and was used to identify 193 essential metabolites. Five essential metabolites finally selected after the filtering process are 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine (AHHMP), D-glutamate (DGLU), 2,3-dihydrodipicolinate (DHDP), 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DX5P), and 4-aminobenzoate (PABA), which were predicted to be essential in V. vulnificus, absent in human, and are consumed by multiple reactions. Chemical analogs of the five essential metabolites were screened and a hit compound showing the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/ml and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 4 μg/ml against V. vulnificus was identified.
Discovering new antimicrobial targets and consequently new antimicrobials is important as drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms is becoming an increasingly serious problem in human healthcare management (Fischbach and Walsh, 2009). There clearly exists a gap between genomic studies and drug discovery as the accumulation of knowledge on pathogens at genome level has not successfully transformed into the development of effective drugs (Mills, 2006; Payne et al, 2007). In this study, we dissected the genome of a microbial pathogen in detail, and subsequently developed a systems biological strategy of employing genome-scale metabolic modeling and simulation together with metabolite essentiality analysis for effective drug targeting and discovery. This strategy was used for identifying new drug targets in an opportunistic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6 as a model. V. vulnificus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that is found in estuarine waters, brackish ponds, or coastal areas, and its Biotype 1 is an opportunistic human pathogen that can attack immune-compromised patients, and causes primary septicemia, necrotized wound infections, and gastroenteritis. We previously found that many metabolic genes were specifically induced in vivo, suggesting that specific metabolic pathways are essential for in vivo survival and virulence of this pathogen (Kim et al, 2003; Lee et al, 2007). These results motivated us to carry out systems biological analysis of the genome and the metabolic network for new drug target discovery. V. vulnificus CMCP6 has two chromosomes. We first re-sequenced genomic regions assembled in low quality and low depth, and subsequently re-annotated the whole genome of V. vulnificus. Horizontal gene transfer was suspected to be responsible for the diversification of each chromosome of V. vulnificus, and the presence of metabolic genes was more biased to chromosome 1 than chromosome 2. Further studies on V. vulnificus genome revealed that chromosome 2 is more prone to diversification for better adaptation to the environment than its chromosome 1, while chromosome 1 tends to expand their genetic repertoire while maintaining the core genes at a constant level. Next, a genome-scale metabolic network VvuMBEL943 was reconstructed based on literature, databases and experiments for systematic studies on the metabolism of this pathogen and prediction of drug targets. The VvuMBEL943 model is composed of 943 reactions and 765 metabolites, and covers 673 genes. The model was validated by comparing its simulated cell growth phenotype obtained by constraints-based flux analysis with the V. vulnificus-specific experimental data previously reported in the literature. In this study, constraints-based flux analysis is an optimization-based simulation method that calculates intracellular fluxes under the specific genetic and environmental condition (Kim et al, 2008). As a result, 17 growth phenotypes were correctly predicted out of 18 cases, which demonstrate the validity of VvuMBEL943. The main objective of constructing VvuMBEL943 in this study is to predict potential drug targets by system-wide analysis of the metabolic network for the effective treatment of V. vulnificus. To achieve this goal, a set of drug target candidates was predicted by taking a metabolite-centric approach. Metabolite essentiality analysis is a concept recently introduced for the study of cellular robustness to complement conventional reaction or gene-centric approach (Kim et al, 2007b). Metabolite essentiality analysis observes changes in flux distribution by removing each metabolite from the in silico metabolic network. Hence, metabolite essentiality predicts essential metabolites whose absence causes cell death. By selecting essential metabolites, it is possible to directly screen only their structural analogs, which substantially reduces the number of chemical compounds to screen from the chemical compound library. As a result of implementing this approach, 193 metabolites were initially identified to be essential to the cell. These essential metabolites were then further filtered based on the predetermined criteria, mainly organism specificity and multiple connectivity associated with each metabolite, in order to reduce the number of initial target candidates towards identifying the most effective ones. Five essential metabolites finally selected are 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine (AHHMP), D-glutamate (DGLU), 2,3-dihydrodipicolinate (DHDP), 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DX5P), and 4-aminobenzoate (PABA). Enzymes that consume these essential metabolites were experimentally verified to be essential, which indeed demonstrates the essentiality of these five metabolites. On the basis of the structural information of these five essential metabolites, whole-cell screening assay was performed using their analogs for possible antibacterial discovery. We screened 352 chemical analogs of the essential metabolites selected from the chemical compound library, and found a hit compound 24837, which shows the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/ml and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 4 μg/ml, showing good antibacterial activity without further structural modification. Although this study demonstrates a proof-of-concept, the approaches and their rationale taken here should serve as a general strategy for discovering novel antibiotics and drugs based on systems-level analysis of metabolic networks. Although the genomes of many microbial pathogens have been studied to help identify effective drug targets and novel drugs, such efforts have not yet reached full fruition. In this study, we report a systems biological approach that efficiently utilizes genomic information for drug targeting and discovery, and apply this approach to the opportunistic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6. First, we partially re-sequenced and fully re-annotated the V. vulnificus CMCP6 genome, and accordingly reconstructed its genome-scale metabolic network, VvuMBEL943. The validated network model was employed to systematically predict drug targets using the concept of metabolite essentiality, along with additional filtering criteria. Target genes encoding enzymes that interact with the five essential metabolites finally selected were experimentally validated. These five essential metabolites are critical to the survival of the cell, and hence were used to guide the cost-effective selection of chemical analogs, which were then screened for antimicrobial activity in a whole-cell assay. This approach is expected to help fill the existing gap between genomics and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Uk Kim
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Kim HU, Kim TY, Lee SY. Genome-scale metabolic network analysis and drug targeting of multi-drug resistant pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii AYE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 6:339-48. [DOI: 10.1039/b916446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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