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Lundstrøm J, Gillon E, Chazalet V, Kerekes N, Di Maio A, Feizi T, Liu Y, Varrot A, Bojar D. Elucidating the glycan-binding specificity and structure of Cucumis melo agglutinin, a new R-type lectin. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:306-320. [PMID: 38410776 PMCID: PMC10896221 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant lectins have garnered attention for their roles as laboratory probes and potential therapeutics. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of Cucumis melo agglutinin (CMA1), a new R-type lectin from melon. Our findings reveal CMA1's unique glycan-binding profile, mechanistically explained by its 3D structure, augmenting our understanding of R-type lectins. We expressed CMA1 recombinantly and assessed its binding specificity using multiple glycan arrays, covering 1,046 unique sequences. This resulted in a complex binding profile, strongly preferring C2-substituted, beta-linked galactose (both GalNAc and Fuca1-2Gal), which we contrasted with the established R-type lectin Ricinus communis agglutinin 1 (RCA1). We also report binding of specific glycosaminoglycan subtypes and a general enhancement of binding by sulfation. Further validation using agglutination, thermal shift assays, and surface plasmon resonance confirmed and quantified this binding specificity in solution. Finally, we solved the high-resolution structure of the CMA1 N-terminal domain using X-ray crystallography, supporting our functional findings at the molecular level. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of CMA1, laying the groundwork for further exploration of its biological and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Lundstrøm
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7B, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emilie Gillon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 601 Rue de la Chimie, 38610 Gières, France
| | - Valérie Chazalet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 601 Rue de la Chimie, 38610 Gières, France
| | - Nicole Kerekes
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7B, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Di Maio
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle Varrot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 601 Rue de la Chimie, 38610 Gières, France
| | - Daniel Bojar
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7B, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Azzahra F, Amalia R, Karsono AH, Tjandrawinata RR, Ismaya WT, Rachmawati H. The mannose-binding protein from Agaricus bisporus inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 spheroids. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14365. [PMID: 37749066 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A mannose-binding protein from the mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Abmb) inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells, which is of an aggressive breast cancer subtype. This ability was observed in a monolayer cell (2D) culture setup, which often is unable to capture changes in cell morphology, polarity and division. That shortcoming may overestimate Abmb potency for its development as a pharmaceutical agent and its use in a therapy. Hence, Abmb's inhibition to the cell growth was performed in the 3D cell (spheroid) culture, which is more representative to the situation in vivo. The result showed that, although the presence of Abmb at ~14.7 μM already disrupted the MDA-MB-231 cell morphology in the 2D culture, its presence at ~16.5 μM only ceased the growth of the MDA-MB-231 spheroid. Further, Abmb is unique because structurally it belongs to the R-type lectin (RTL) family; most of mannose-binding protein is of the C-type lectin (CTL). As the natural ligand of Abmb is unknown thus the mechanism of action is unclear, Abmb effect on the cancer cells was assessed via observation of the altered expression of genes involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling, which is one of the canonical pathways in the proliferation of cancer cells. The results suggested that Abmb did not alter the pathway upon exerting its anti-proliferative activity to the MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Azzahra
- Research Group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Riezki Amalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Agung Heru Karsono
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
| | - Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Wangsa Tirta Ismaya
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
| | - Heni Rachmawati
- Research Group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
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Liu X, Yang Z, Liu C, Xu B, Wang X, Li Y, Xia J, Li D, Zhang C, Sun H, Yang Q. Identification of a type II LacNAc specific binding lectin CMRBL from Cordyceps militaris. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123207. [PMID: 36632960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Cordyceps militaris gene CCM_03832 encodes a ricin-B like lectin. The gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and its protein product, named CMRBL (C. militaris ricin-B like lectin), was purified by galactose affinity chromatography. Of nine different sources of erythrocytes, CMRBL showed only specific hemagglutinating activity against rat and rabbit erythrocytes with titers of 22 and 28, respectively. Glycan array analyses by the Consortium for Functional Glycomics showed that CMRBL possesses very high specific binding activity of glycans terminated with type II LacNAc (non-reducing Galβ1-4GlcNAc). Compared with other well-known Gal-terminated binding lectins such as Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin, and Jacalin, CMRBL showed better binding specificity to type II LacNAc compared the other lectins. CMRBL showed lowest binding activity to ZR-75-30 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines among five tested cell lines (H22, THP-1, MDA-MB-231, ZR-75-30, and MDA-MB-468 cells). Transfection of type II LacNAc main galactosyltransferase B4GALT3 to ZR-75-30 significantly improved CMRBL binding activity compared with control. CMRBL was also applied for testing the type II LacNAc modification of Etanercept successfully. Our data suggest that CMRBL would be a useful tool to recognize type II LacNAc, especially distinguish type II from other galactose-terminated glycans in glycan biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zelan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Danni Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Province key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan Huayang Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Arunachalam K, Sasidharan SP, Yang X. A concise review of mushrooms antiviral and immunomodulatory properties that may combat against COVID-19. FOOD CHEMISTRY ADVANCES 2022; 1:100023. [PMID: 36686330 PMCID: PMC8887958 DOI: 10.1016/j.focha.2022.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020, because of its widespread transmission and infection rates. The unique severe disease was found in Wuhan, China, since December 2019, and swiftly spread throughout the world. Natural chemicals derived from herbal medicines and medicinal mushrooms provide a significant resource for the development of novel antiviral drugs. Many natural drugs have been proven to have antiviral properties against a variety of virus strains, such as the coronavirus and the herpes simplex virus (HSV).. In this research, successful dietary treatments for different COVID illnesses were compared to potential of mushroom products in its therapy. In Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus, search keywords like COVID, COVID-19, SARS, MERS, mushrooms, and their compounds were utilized. In this review of the literature we foucsed popular mushrooms such as Agaricus subrufescens Peck, Agaricus blazei Murill, Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc., Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis.) P. Karst., Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers., Inonotus obliquus (Arch. Ex Pers.) Pilát., Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm., Poria cocos F.A. Wolf, and Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd.,. Changed forms of β-Glucan seem to have a good impact on viral replication suppression and might be used in future studies. However, the results seems terpenoids, lectins, glycoproteins, lentinan, galactomannan, and polysaccharides from mushrooms are promising prophylactic or therapeutic agents against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, The Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Corresponding authors at: Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, The Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | | | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, The Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Corresponding authors at: Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, The Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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Bezerra RP, Conniff AS, Uversky VN. Comparative study of structures and functional motifs in lectins from the commercially important photosynthetic microorganisms. Biochimie 2022; 201:63-74. [PMID: 35839918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microorganisms, specifically cyanobacteria and microalgae, can synthesize a vast array of biologically active molecules, such as lectins, that have great potential for various biotechnological and biomedical applications. However, since the structures of these proteins are not well established, likely due to the presence of intrinsically disordered regions, our ability to better understand their functionality is hampered. We embarked on a study of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), amino acidic composition, as well as and functional motifs in lectins from cyanobacteria of the genus Arthrospira and microalgae Chlorella and Dunaliella genus using a combination of bioinformatics techniques. This search revealed the presence of five distinctive CRD types differently distributed between the genera. Most CRDs displayed a group-specific distribution, except to C. sorokiniana possessing distinctive CRD probably due to its specific lifestyle. We also found that all CRDs contain short IDRs. Bacterial lectin of Arthrospira prokarionte showed lower intrinsic disorder and proline content when compared to the lectins from the eukaryotic microalgae (Chlorella and Dunaliella). Among the important functions predicted in all lectins were several specific motifs, which directly interacts with proteins involved in the cell-cycle control and which may be used for pharmaceutical purposes. Since the aforementioned properties of each type of lectin were investigated in silico, they need experimental confirmation. The results of our study provide an overview of the distribution of CRD, IDRs, and functional motifs within lectin from the commercially important microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P Bezerra
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Amanda S Conniff
- Department of Medical Engineering, Morsani College of Medicine and College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Nostoc muscorum is a novel source of microalgal lectins with potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex type-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:415-429. [PMID: 35504413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In our survey for a new antiviral agent, two types of lectin were purified from Nostoc muscorum using both ion-exchange and affinity columns chromatography. Nostoc muscorum lectins (NMLs) are categorized based on their carbohydrate preference. Nostoc muscorum lectin-1(NML-1) exhibited a strict binding specificity for complex glycoproteins without linked carbohydrates, and the other displayed specificity for α- glycosides mannose polymers (NML-2) and was classified as a glycoprotein with 16.8% linked carbohydrates. NML-1 displayed a single band of 166 kDa on native-PAGE and two bands of 81 kDa and 85 kDa on SDS-PAGE, which confirmed the heterodimeric nature of this lectin. While NML-2 is a 50 kDa glycoprotein composed of 25 kDa subunits. Physical characterization of NML-1 displayed its stability at a higher temperature of 90 °C for 5 min and over a wide pH range (4-9), while MNL-2 displayed stability up to a temperature of 80 °C for 25 min and a pH range of 5-8. NML-1 didn't require metal ions for agglutination activity, while the activity of NML-2 was doubled by manganese ions. The antiviral activity of two lectins was assessed against herpes simplex type-1 (HSV-1) using a plaque assay which revealed that NML-1 inhibited HSV-1 infection at an early stage in contrast to NML-2 which exerted its antiviral effect at the late stage of infection. These results suggest that Nostoc muscorum is a unique lead for antiviral drug discovery as it is a novel source for antiviral lectins with different modes of action.
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Perišić Nanut M, Žurga S, Konjar Š, Prunk M, Kos J, Sabotič J. The fungal Clitocybe nebularis lectin binds distinct cell surface glycoprotein receptors to induce cell death selectively in Jurkat cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22215. [PMID: 35224765 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101056rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clitocybe nebularis lectin (CNL) is a GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-binding lectin that exhibits an antiproliferative effect exclusively on the Jurkat leukemic T cell line by provoking homotypic aggregation and dose-dependent cell death. Cell death of Jurkat cells exhibited typical features of early apoptosis, but lacked the activation of initiating and executing caspases. None of the features of CNL-induced cell death were effectively blocked with the pan-caspase inhibitor or different cysteine peptidase inhibitors. Furthermore, CNL binding induced Jurkat cells to release the endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern molecule high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). A plant lectin with similar glycan-binding specificity, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) showed less selective toxicity and induced cell death in Jurkat, Tall-104, and Hut-87 cell lines. HMGB1 release was also detected when Jurkat cells were treated with WFA. We identified the CD45 and CD43 cell surface glycoproteins on Jurkat cells as the main targets for CNL binding. However, the blockade of CD45 phosphatase activity failed to block either CNL-induced homotypic agglutination or cell death. Overall, our results indicate that CNL triggers atypical cell death selectively on Jurkat cells, suggesting the potential applicability of CNL in novel strategies for treating and/or detecting acute T cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Žurga
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Konjar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Prunk
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Tejedor-Calvo E, García-Barreda S, Sánchez S, Morte A, Siles-Sánchez MDLN, Soler-Rivas C, Santoyo S, Marco P. Application of Pressurized Liquid Extractions to Obtain Bioactive Compounds from Tuber aestivum and Terfezia claveryi. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030298. [PMID: 35159450 PMCID: PMC8834127 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A PLE (pressurized liquid extraction) method was adjusted following a full-factorial experimental design to obtain bioactive-enriched fractions from Tuber aestivum and Terfezia claveryi. Temperature, time and solvent (water, ethanol and ethanol–water 1:1) parameters were investigated. The response variables investigated were: obtained yield and the levels of total carbohydrate (compounds, β-glucans, chitin, proteins, phenolic compounds and sterols). Principal component analysis indicated water solvent and high temperatures as more adequate parameters to extract polysaccharide-rich fractions (up to 68% of content), whereas ethanol was more suitable to extract fungal sterols (up to 12.5% of content). The fractions obtained at optimal conditions (16.7 MPa, 180 °C, 30 min) were able to protect Caco2 cells from free radical exposure, acting as antioxidants, and were able to reduce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro: IL-6 (50%), and TNFα (80% only T. claveryi ethanol extract), as well as reduce high inhibitory activity (T. aestivum IC50: 9.44 mG/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tejedor-Calvo
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research-CIAL (UAM + CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi García-Barreda
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Asunción Morte
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María de Las Nieves Siles-Sánchez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research-CIAL (UAM + CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Soler-Rivas
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research-CIAL (UAM + CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Santoyo
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research-CIAL (UAM + CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Marco
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
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Transcriptomics Reveals the Putative Mycoparasitic Strategy of the Mushroom Entoloma abortivum on Species of the Mushroom Genus Armillaria. mSystems 2021; 6:e0054421. [PMID: 34636668 PMCID: PMC8510539 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00544-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During mycoparasitism, a fungus—the host—is parasitized by another fungus—the mycoparasite. The genetic underpinnings of these relationships have been best characterized in ascomycete fungi. However, within basidiomycete fungi, there are rare instances of mushroom-forming species parasitizing the reproductive structures, or sporocarps, of other mushroom-forming species, which have been rarely investigated on a genetic level. One of the most enigmatic of these occurs between Entoloma abortivum and species of Armillaria, where hyphae of E. abortivum are hypothesized to disrupt the development of Armillaria sporocarps, resulting in the formation of carpophoroids. However, it remains unknown whether carpophoroids are the direct result of a mycoparasitic relationship. To address the nature of this unique interaction, we analyzed gene expression of field-collected Armillaria and E. abortivum sporocarps and carpophoroids. Transcripts in the carpophoroids are primarily from E. abortivum, supporting the hypothesis that this species is parasitizing Armillaria. Most notably, we identified differentially upregulated E. abortivum β-trefoil-type lectins in the carpophoroid, which we hypothesize bind to Armillaria cell wall galactomannoproteins, thereby mediating recognition between the mycoparasite and the host. The most differentially upregulated E. abortivum transcripts in the carpophoroid code for oxalate decarboxylases—enzymes that degrade oxalic acid. Oxalic acid is a virulence factor in many plant pathogens, including Armillaria species; however, E. abortivum has evolved a sophisticated strategy to overcome this defense mechanism. The number of gene models and genes that code for carbohydrate-active enzymes in the E. abortivum transcriptome was reduced compared to other closely related species, perhaps as a result of the specialized nature of this interaction. IMPORTANCE By studying fungi that parasitize other fungi, we can understand the basic biology of these unique interactions. Studies focused on the genetic mechanisms regulating mycoparasitism between host and parasite have thus far concentrated on a single fungal lineage within the Ascomycota. The work presented here expands our understanding of mycoparasitic relationships to the Basidiomycota and represents the first transcriptomic study to our knowledge that examines fungal-fungal relationships in their natural setting. The results presented here suggest that even distantly related mycoparasites utilize similar mechanisms to parasitize their host. Given that species of the mushroom-forming pathogen Armillaria cause plant root-rot diseases in many agroecosystems, an enhanced understanding of this interaction may contribute to better control of these diseases through biocontrol applications.
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Narrative Review: Bioactive Potential of Various Mushrooms as the Treasure of Versatile Therapeutic Natural Product. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090728. [PMID: 34575766 PMCID: PMC8466349 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have remained an eternal part of traditional cuisines due to their beneficial health potential and have long been recognized as a folk medicine for their broad spectrum of nutraceuticals, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic uses. Nowadays, they have been extensively investigated to explain the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their biomedicine and nutraceuticals capacity. Mushrooms belong to the astounding dominion of Fungi and are known as a macrofungus. Significant health benefits of mushrooms, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, wound healing, anticancer, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, detoxification, hepatoprotective cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and anti-diabetic effects, etc., have been reported around the globe and have attracted significant interests of its further exploration in commercial sectors. They can function as functional foods, help in the treatment and therapeutic interventions of sub-optimal health states, and prevent some consequences of life-threatening diseases. Mushrooms mainly contained low and high molecular weight polysaccharides, fatty acids, lectins, and glucans responsible for their therapeutic action. Due to the large varieties of mushrooms present, it becomes challenging to identify chemical components present in them and their beneficial action. This article highlights such therapeutic activities with their active ingredients for mushrooms.
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Singh MP, Rai SN, Dubey SK, Pandey AT, Tabassum N, Chaturvedi VK, Singh NB. Biomolecules of mushroom: a recipe of human wellness. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:913-930. [PMID: 34412526 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1964431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Indian system of medicine - Ayurveda says "When diet is wrong, medicine is of no use. When diet is correct, medicine is of no use". In this context, mushroom constitutes one of the major resources for nutraceuticals. Biomolecules of mushrooms have attracted the attention of researchers around the globe due to their proven healthy attributes. They have a plenitude of health-giving properties and these range from immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticancer, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, anticholesterolic to antiarthritic activities.Mushrooms contain both primary and secondary metabolites. The primary metabolites provide energy while the secondary metabolite exhibits medicinal properties. Hence, the mushroom can be a recipe for human wellness and will play a significant role in fighting COVID-19 pandemics and other infectious diseases.The key findings suggested in this paper refer to the exploration of health and the healing traits of biomolecules of mushrooms. This article reviews the current status of the medicinal attributes of mushrooms and their biomolecules in different diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes, reproductive diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The global malnutrition-related morbidity and mortality among children under five and lactating women presents a frightening picture and also a black spot on the human face. Malnutrition is responsible for more ill-health than any other cause. Mushrooms as a rich source of bioactive compounds can be claimed as "Best from the Waste" since they grow on the most abundant organic wastes of the Earth, the lignocellulosic substrate, and 'Best of the Rest' because they are excellent nutraceutical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nazish Tabassum
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | | | - Narsingh Bahadur Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA
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Panda MK, Paul M, Singdevsachan SK, Tayung K, Das SK, Thatoi H. Promising Anti-cancer Therapeutics From Mushrooms: Current Findings and Future Perceptions. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:1164-1191. [PMID: 33032507 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666201008164056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, medicines derived from natural sources have drawn much attention as potential therapeutic agents in the suppression and treatment of cancer because of their low toxicity and fewer side effects. OBJECTIVE The present review aims to assess the currently available knowledge on the ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities of bioactive compounds obtained from medicinal mushrooms towards cancer treatment. METHODS A literature search has been conducted for the collection of research papers from universally accepted scientific databases. These research papers and published book chapters were scrutinized to retrieve information on ethnomedicinal uses of mushrooms, different factors involved in cancer cell proliferation, clinical and in silico pharmaceutical studies made for possible treatments of cancer using mushroom derived compounds. Overall, 241 articles were retrieved and reviewed from the year 1970 to 2020, out of which 98 relevant articles were finally considered for the preparation of this review. RESULTS This review presents an update on the natural bioactive substances derived from medicinal mushrooms and their role in inhibiting the factors responsible for cancer cell proliferation. Along with it, the present review also provides information on the ethnomedicinal uses, solvents used for extraction of anti-cancer metabolites, clinical trials, and in silico studies that were undertaken towards anticancer drug development from medicinal mushrooms. CONCLUSION The present review provides extensive knowledge on various anti-cancer substances obtained from medicinal mushrooms, their biological actions, and in silico drug designing approaches, which could form a basis for the development of natural anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunmaya K Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada-757003, Odisha, India
| | - Manish Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada-757003, Odisha, India
| | - Sameer K Singdevsachan
- Spinco Biotech Pvt. Ltd., Spinco Towers, No. 934, 5th A cross, Service Road, HRBR Layout 1st Block, Kalyan Nagar, Bengaluru-560043, Karnataka, India
| | - Kumananda Tayung
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Swagat K Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Bhubaneswar- 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Hrudayanath Thatoi
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada-757003, Odisha, India
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Identification of the Ricin-B-Lectin LdRBLk in the Colorado Potato Beetle and an Analysis of Its Expression in Response to Fungal Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050364. [PMID: 34066637 PMCID: PMC8148562 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ricin-B-lectins (RBLs) have been identified in many groups of organisms, including coleopterans insects, particularly the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (LdRBLs). We hypothesized that one of these LdRBLs (LdRBLk) may be involved in the immune response to fungal infections. We performed a theoretical analysis of the structure of this protein. Additionally, the expression levels of the LdRBlk gene were measured in L. decemlineata in response to infections with the fungi Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana. The expression levels of LdRBlk in the L. decemlineata cuticle and fat body were increased in response to both infections. The induction of LdRBlk expression was dependent on the susceptibility of larvae to the fungi. Upregulation of the LdRBlk gene was also observed in response to other stresses, particularly thermal burns. Elevation of LdRBlk expression was frequently observed to be correlated with the expression of the antimicrobial peptide attacin but was not correlated with hsp90 regulation. Commercially available β-lectin of ricin from Ricinuscommunis was observed to inhibit the germination of conidia of the fungi. We suggest that LdRBLk is involved in antifungal immune responses in the Colorado potato beetle, either exerting fungicidal properties directly or acting as a modulator of the immune response.
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Couto J, Seixas G, Stutzer C, Olivier NA, Maritz-Olivier C, Antunes S, Domingos A. Probing the Rhipicephalusbursa Sialomes in Potential Anti-Tick Vaccine Candidates: A Reverse Vaccinology Approach. Biomedicines 2021; 9:363. [PMID: 33807386 PMCID: PMC8067113 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the 'omics' explosion of data, reverse vaccinology approaches are being applied more readily as an alternative for the discovery of candidates for next generation diagnostics and vaccines. Promising protective antigens for the control of ticks and tick-borne diseases can be discovered by mining available omics data for immunogenic epitopes. The present study aims to explore the previously obtained Rhipicephalus bursa sialotranscriptome during both feeding and Babesia infection, to select antigenic targets that are either membrane-associated or a secreted protein, as well as unique to the ectoparasite and not present in the mammalian host. Further, they should be capable of stimulating T and B cells for a potential robust immune response, and be non-allergenic or toxic to the host. From the R. bursa transcriptome, 5706 and 3025 proteins were identified as belonging to the surfaceome and secretome, respectively. Following a reverse genetics immunoinformatics pipeline, nine preferred candidates, consisting of one transmembrane-related and eight secreted proteins, were identified. These candidates showed a higher predicted antigenicity than the Bm86 antigen, with no homology to mammalian hosts and exposed regions. Only four were functionally annotated and selected for further in silico analysis, which examined their protein structure, surface accessibility, flexibility, hydrophobicity, and putative linear B and T-cell epitopes. Regions with overlapping coincident epitopes groups (CEGs) were evaluated to select peptides that were further analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics, potential allergenicity, toxicity, solubility, and potential propensity for crystallization. Following these procedures, a set of three peptides from the three R. bursa proteins were selected. In silico results indicate that the designed epitopes could stimulate a protective and long-lasting immune response against those tick proteins, reflecting its potential as anti-tick vaccines. The immunogenicity of these peptides was evaluated in a pilot immunization study followed by tick feeding to evaluate its impact on tick behavior and pathogen transmission. Combining in silico methods with in vivo immunogenicity evaluation enabled the screening of vaccine candidates prior to expensive infestation studies on the definitive ovine host animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Couto
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.S.); (A.D.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (GHTM-IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Seixas
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.S.); (A.D.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (GHTM-IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christian Stutzer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (C.S.); (C.M.-O.)
| | - Nicholas A. Olivier
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Christine Maritz-Olivier
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (C.S.); (C.M.-O.)
| | - Sandra Antunes
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.S.); (A.D.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (GHTM-IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Domingos
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.S.); (A.D.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (GHTM-IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
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Plavec TV, Zahirović A, Zadravec P, Sabotič J, Berlec A. Lectin-Mediated Binding of Engineered Lactococcus lactis to Cancer Cells. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020223. [PMID: 33499141 PMCID: PMC7911926 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins have been increasingly utilized as carriers for targeted drug delivery based on their specific binding to glycans located on mammalian cells. This study employed two lectins, B subunit of bacterial Shiga holotoxin (Stx1B) and fungal Clitocybe nebularis lectin (CNL), for surface display on the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis. The specific adhesion of these engineered, lectin-displaying L. lactis to cancer cells was evaluated. The expression and surface display of both lectins on L. lactis were demonstrated by western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. MTS assays revealed that recombinant Stx1B had no effect on Caco-2 cell viability at concentrations of ≤25 µg/mL, whereas CNL was non-toxic even at relatively high concentrations of ≤250 µg/mL. Stx1B bound to Caco-2, HT-29 and HeLa cells after 1 h of incubation. CNL bound to Caco-2 cells and recognized several glycoproteins in HT-29 and Caco-2 cell homogenates of which a 70 kDa protein predominated. Confocal microscopy revealed adhesion of Stx1B-displaying L. lactis to HeLa, Caco-2, and, to a lesser extent, HT-29 cells; CNL-displaying L. lactis showed a relatively similar level of adherence to HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. Thus, lectin-displaying L. lactis might serve as a carrier in targeted drug delivery when coupled to a therapeutic moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vida Plavec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.V.P.); (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.S.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Abida Zahirović
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.V.P.); (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Petra Zadravec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.V.P.); (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.S.)
- Lek d.d., Kolodvorska 27, 1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.V.P.); (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Aleš Berlec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.V.P.); (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (J.S.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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16
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Motta F, Gershwin ME, Selmi C. Mushrooms and immunity. J Autoimmun 2020; 117:102576. [PMID: 33276307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the wide field of nutraceuticals, the effects of mushrooms on immunity, cancer and including autoimmunity have been proposed for centuries but in recent years a growing interest has led scientists to elucidate which specific compounds have bioactive properties and through which mechanisms. Glucans and specific proteins are responsible for most of the biological effects of mushrooms, particularly in terms of immunomodulatory and anti-tumor results. Proteins with bioactive effects include lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs), ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), ribonucleases, laccases, among others. At the present status of knowledge, numerous studies have been performed on cell lines and murine models while only a few clinical trials have been conducted. As in most cases of dietary components, the multitude of variables implicated in the final effect and an inadequate standardization are expected to affect the observed differences, thus making the available evidence insufficient to justify the treatment of human diseases with mushrooms extracts. We will herein provide a comprehensive review and critically discussion the biochemical changes induced by different mushroom compounds as observed in in vitro studies, particularly on macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and NK cells, compared to in vivo and human studies. Additional effects are represented by lipids which constitute a minor part of mushrooms but may have a role in reducing serum cholesterol levels or phenols acting as antioxidant and reducing agents. Human studies provide a minority of available data, as well illustrated by a placebo-controlled study of athletes treated with β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus. Variables influencing study outcomes include different mushrooms strains, growing conditions, developmental stage, part of mushroom used, extraction method, and storage conditions. We foresee that future rigorous research will be needed to determine the potential of mushroom compounds for human health to reproduce the effects of some compounds such as lentinan which a metaanalysis demonstrated to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer and in the improvement of the patients quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Motta
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Zhao S, Gao Q, Rong C, Wang S, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Xu J. Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E269. [PMID: 33171663 PMCID: PMC7712035 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been valued as food and health supplements by humans for centuries. They are rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, minerals, and many bioactive compounds, especially those related to human immune system functions. Mushrooms contain diverse immunoregulatory compounds such as terpenes and terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides. The distributions of these compounds differ among mushroom species and their potent immune modulation activities vary depending on their core structures and fraction composition chemical modifications. Here we review the current status of clinical studies on immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and mushroom products. The potential mechanisms for their activities both in vitro and in vivo were summarized. We describe the approaches that have been used in the development and application of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms. These developments have led to the commercialization of a large number of mushroom products. Finally, we discuss the problems in pharmacological applications of mushrooms and mushroom products and highlight a few areas that should be improved before immunomodulatory compounds from mushrooms can be widely used as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qi Gao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengbo Rong
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shouxian Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhekun Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Selection, Identification, and Application of Aptamers against Agaricus bisporus Lectin to Establish an Aptamer-AuNPs Colorimetric Method for Detection of ABL. J FOOD QUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8821295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus lectin (ABL), which is one of the antinutritional factors in A. bisporus, is an important allergen and harmful to human health. Due to the shortcomings of the current detection methods, it is extremely urgent to establish a rapid and sensitive detection method for ABL in foods. To isolate the ssDNA aptamer of ABL, 13 rounds of subtractive systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) selection were carried out. As a result, six candidate aptamers were selected and further examined for their binding affinity and specificity by enzyme-linked aptamer method. One aptamer (seq-41) against ABL with a high affinity and specificity was isolated and demonstrated to be the optimal aptamer whose dissociation constant reaches the nanomolar level, Kd = 31.17 ± 0.1070 nM. Based on seq-41, an aptamer-AuNPs colorimetric method was established to detect ABL with a linear range of 0.08∼1.70 μg/mL and the detection limit is 0.062 μg/mL. This study provides a novel aptamer-AuNPs colorimetric method with high sensitivity and specificity for detection of ABL and a novel strategy for development of detection method of fungal or plant allergens.
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Ismaya WT, Tjandrawinata RR, Dijkstra BW, Beintema JJ, Nabila N, Rachmawati H. Relationship of Agaricus bisporus mannose-binding protein to lectins with β-trefoil fold. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:1027-1032. [PMID: 32439171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus mannose-binding protein (Abmb) was discovered as part of the mushroom tyrosinase (PPO3) complex, but its function in the mushroom has remained obscure. The protein has a β-trefoil structure that is common for Ricin-B-like lectins. Indeed, its closest structural homologs are the hemagglutinin components of botulinum toxin (HA-33) and the Ricin-B-like lectin from Clitocybe nebularis (CNL), both of which bind galactose, and actinohivin, a recently discovered mannose-binding lectin from actinomycetes. Here we show that Abmb is evolutionarily related to them, which are lectins with a β-trefoil fold. We also show for the first time that Abmb can exhibit typical lectin agglutination activity but only when in the complex with mushroom tyrosinase. This is unexpected and unique because the two proteins are not evolutionarily related and have different activities. Lectin and tyrosinase major role in defense mechanism as well as Abmb and PPO3 gene regulation during the early stages of the development of mushroom fruiting bodies suggested that Abmb has likely a function in defense against bacterial infection and/or insect-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsa T Ismaya
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Industri Selatan V Blok PP-7, JABABEKA II Industrial Estate, 17550, Cikarang, Indonesia.
| | - Raymond R Tjandrawinata
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Industri Selatan V Blok PP-7, JABABEKA II Industrial Estate, 17550, Cikarang, Indonesia
| | - Bauke W Dijkstra
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Beintema
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Najwa Nabila
- Research Group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesa 10, 40132, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Heni Rachmawati
- Research Group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesa 10, 40132, Bandung, Indonesia.
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Singh RS, Walia AK, Kennedy JF. Mushroom lectins in biomedical research and development. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:1340-1350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Purification and Functional Characterization of the Effects on Cell Signaling of Mytilectin: A Novel β-Trefoil Lectin from Marine Mussels. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32306329 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In the 2010s, a novel lectin family with β-trefoil folding has been identified in marine mussels from the family Mytilidae (phylum Mollusca). "MytiLec-1," the lectin described in this chapter, was the first member of this family to be isolated and characterized from the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, a commercially and ecologically important species, spread in marine coastal areas worldwide. MytiLec-1 bound to the sugar moiety of globotriose (Gb3: Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc), an α-galactoside, leading to apoptosis of Gb3-expressing Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Although the primary structure of MytiLec-1 was quite unusual, its three-dimensional structure was arranged as a β-trefoil fold, which is the typical architecture of "Ricin B chain (or R)-type" lectins, which are found in a broad range of organisms. To date, MytiLec-1-like lectins have been exclusively found in a few species of the mollusk family Mytilidae (M. galloprovincialis, M. trossulus, M. californianus, and Crenomytilus grayanus) and in the phylum Brachiopoda. Transcriptome data revealed the presence of different structural forms of mytilectin in mussels, which included prototype and chimera-type proteins. The primary sequence of these lectins did not match any previously described known protein family, leading to their assignment to the new "mytilectin family." We here report the method of purification of this lectin and describe its use in cell biology.
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Kim S. Ricin B-like lectin orthologues from two mushrooms, Hericium erinaceus and Stereum hirsutum, enable recognition of highly fucosylated N-glycans. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:560-568. [PMID: 31931062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mushroom Hericium erinaceus contains isolectins, including the ricin B-like lectin HEL1 and the core 1 O-glycan-binding lectin HEL2. Recombinant HEL2 reportedly binds O-linked glycans, but recombinant HEL1 (rHEL1) has not been characterized. HEL1 and Stereum hirsutum lectin (SHL1) orthologues, which contain the typical (QxW)3 ricin-B like motif, were evaluated. Interestingly, under non-denaturing conditions, recombinant SHL1 (rSHL1) existed as a trimer and exhibited agglutination activity, whereas rHEL1 existed as a monomer with no agglutination activity. The hemagglutination activity of rSHL1 was inhibited by N-linked glycoprotein transferrin. A glycan-array analysis revealed that the two recombinant lectins had different binding intensities toward fucosylated N-glycans harboring fucose-α(1,2) galactose or fucose-α(1,4) N-acetylglucosamine. Isothermal calorimetry showed that compared with rHEL1, rSHL1 interacted more strongly with transferrin, a fucosylated glycoprotein, than with other fucosylated disaccharide glycoconjugates. Finally, rSHL1 and rHEL1 were comparable in their ability to detect highly fucosylated N-glycans within glycoproteins on the surface of SW1116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Therefore, these ricin B-like lectins might enable detection of highly fucosylated glycoepitopes on cancer cells for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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CNL- Clitocybe nebularis Lectin-The Fungal GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-Binding Lectin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234204. [PMID: 31756927 PMCID: PMC6930499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clitocybe nebularis lectin (CNL) is present in fruiting bodies of clouded agaric along with several similar isolectins that are all small and stable proteins. It is a beta-trefoil type lectin forming homodimers that are essential for its functionality. It binds specifically N,N′-diacetyllactosediamine (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, LacDiNac) and human blood group A determinant-containing glycan epitopes. Its most probable function is to defend fruiting bodies against predators and parasites. In addition, an endogenous regulatory function is possible for CNL, as indicated by its interaction with fungal protease inhibitors sharing the beta-trefoil fold. CNL is toxic to insects, nematodes and amoebae, as well as to leukemic T-cell lines. Bivalent carbohydrate binding is essential for the toxicity of CNL, against both invertebrates and cancer-derived cell lines. In addition, CNL exhibits potent immunostimulation of human dendritic cells, resulting in a strong T helper cell type 1 response. Based on its unique characteristics, CNL is a promising candidate for applications in human and veterinary medicine as well as in agriculture, for plant protection.
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25
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Orf239342 from the mushroom Agaricus bisporus is a mannose binding protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:99-103. [PMID: 31128918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A recently discovered lectin-like protein from mushroom tyrosinase designated as orf239342 inhibits proliferation of the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This characteristic is likely derived from its ability to recognize sugar entity on the cell surface. Thereby, the binding specificity of orf239342 to sugars was studied. Orf239342 was found to bind specifically to mannose upon analysis with the surface plasmon resonance technique. Finally, our in vitro study showed that mannose impeded orf239342 ability to inhibit proliferation of the MCF-7 breast cancer cells, providing further evidence for the mannose binding onto the protein. Our finding is a breakthrough to characterise orf239342 i.e. to define its functioning in the mushroom, association to the tyrosinase, or even possible application in breast cancer therapy. In addition, the finding allows the more appropriate designation of the protein as Agaricus bisporus mannose binding-protein (AbMb).
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An Inulin-Specific Lectin with Anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase, Antiproliferative, and Mitogenic Activities from the Edible Mushroom Agaricus bitorquis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1341370. [PMID: 31016184 PMCID: PMC6444243 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1341370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A novel lectin (ABL) was purified from the dried fruiting bodies of Agaricus bitorquis. An efficient 3-step purification protocol involved two consecutive steps of ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose and SP-Sepharose and gel filtration by FPLC on Superdex 75. ABL is a monomeric protein with the molecular mass of 27.6 kDa, which is different from other lectins from genus Agaricus. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence is EYTISIRVYQTNPKGFNRPV which is unique and sharing considerably high similarity of other mushroom lectins. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was inhibited by inulin. Based on hemagglutination tests, ABL prefers rabbit, human type A, and AB erythrocytes to human type B and O erythrocytes. The lectin inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the proliferation of leukemia cell (L1210) with an IC50 value of 4.69 and 4.97 μM, respectively. Furthermore, ABL demonstrates the highest mitogenic activity with a response of 24177.7 ± 940.6 [3H-methyl] thymidine counts per minute (CPM) at a concentration of 0.91 μM.
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27
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Zhou R, Liu ZK, Zhang YN, Wong JH, Ng TB, Liu F. Research Progress of Bioactive Proteins from the Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:196-219. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180613090710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, mushrooms have been widely used as traditional Chinese medicine in Asia.
Apart from polysaccharides and some small-molecule components, such as flavones, polyphenols and
terpenes, mushrooms produce a large number of pharmaceutically active proteins, which have become
popular sources of natural antitumor, antimicrobial, immunoenhancing agents. These bioactive proteins
include lectins, laccases, Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIPs), nucleases, and Fungal Immunomodulatory
Proteins (FIPs). The review is to summarize the characterstics of structure and bioactivities involved
in antitumor, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial and immunoenhancing activities of proteins from
edible mushrooms, to better understand their mechanisms, and to direct research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Zhao Kun Liu
- Department of History, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Ye Ni Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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28
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Fujii Y, Gerdol M, Hasan I, Koide Y, Matsuzaki R, Ikeda M, Rajia S, Ogawa Y, Kawsar SMA, Ozeki Y. Phylogeny and Properties of a Novel Lectin Family with β-Trefoil Folding in Mussels. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1717.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
| | - Imtiaj Hasan
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Yokohama City University
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi
| | - Yasuhiro Koide
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Yokohama City University
| | - Risa Matsuzaki
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Yokohama City University
| | - Mayu Ikeda
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Yokohama City University
| | - Sultana Rajia
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Yokohama City University
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Varendra University
| | - Yukiko Ogawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - S. M. Abe Kawsar
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Yokohama City University
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong
| | - Yasuhiro Ozeki
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Yokohama City University
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29
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Diana D, Ismaya WT, Meidianto VF, Tandrasasmita OM, Tjandrawinata RR, Rachmawati H. Bioconjugation of Captopril-Light Subunit of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Tyrosinase: Characterization and Potential Use as a Drug Carrier for Oral Delivery. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1837-1842. [PMID: 30259884 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We show that a lectin like protein from the mushroom Agaricus bisporus (LSMT) is capable to permeate the epithelial monolayer barrier of the intestine ex vivo. The protein is not toxic or immunogenic upon prolonged administration and elevated dose in mice. Thus, it could be a candidate as a drug carrier for oral administration. However, its permeability should be tested after the protein has been modified, mimicking the condition in which it is used as a drug carrier. The protein was conjugated to captopril, the selected model of a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class III drug, with high solubility but poor permeability. The drug was conjugated to LSMT that had been modified with 4-succinimidyloxycarbonyl-alpha-methyl-2-pyridyldithiotoluene (SMPT) as a linker. The success of LSMT modification was confirmed with TLC and MS; the latter also indicated the amount of captopril molecule linked. The modified LSMT could permeate through the intestinal monolayer barrier, and thus could be absorbed in the intestine after modification. The modified protein appears to remain stable after incubation in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. This pioneering work provides an essential basis for further development of the protein as a drug carrier for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Diana
- Research group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology
| | | | | | | | | | - Heni Rachmawati
- Research group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology.,Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology
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30
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Medicinal mushroom: boon for therapeutic applications. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:334. [PMID: 30073119 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms are higher fungi with additional nutraceutical attributes having low fat content and a trans-isomer of unsaturated fatty acids along with high fibre content, triterpenes, phenolic compounds, sterols, eritadenine and chitosan. They are considered as the unmatched source of healthy foods and drugs. They have outstanding attractive taste, aroma and nutritional value, so are considered as functional food, which means they are beneficial to the body not only in terms of nutrition but also for improved health. Medicinal mushrooms and their extract have a large number of bioactive components called secondary metabolites. The presence of polysaccharide β-glucans or polysaccharide-protein complexes content in mushroom extract have great therapeutic applications in human health as they possess many properties such as anti-diabetic, anti-cancerous, anti-obesity, immunomodulatory, hypocholesteremia, hepatoprotective nature along with anti-aging. The present review focuses on the comprehensive account of the medicinal properties of various medicinal mushrooms. This will further help the researchers to understand the metabolites and find other metabolites as well from the mushrooms which can be used for the potential development of the drugs to treat various life-threatening diseases.
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31
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Song HY, Kim DH, Kim JM. Comparative transcriptome analysis of dikaryotic mycelia and mature fruiting bodies in the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8983. [PMID: 29895888 PMCID: PMC5997629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentinula edodes is a popular cultivated edible mushroom with high nutritional and medicinal value. To understand the regulation of gene expression in the dikaryotic mycelium and mature fruiting body in the commercially important Korean L. edodes strain, we first performed comparative transcriptomic analysis, using Illumina HiSeq platform. De novo assembly of these sequences revealed 11,675 representative transcripts in two different stages of L. edodes. A total of 9,092 unigenes were annotated and subjected to Gene Ontology, EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Gene expression analysis revealed that 2,080 genes were differentially expressed, with 1,503 and 577 upregulated in the mycelium and a mature fruiting body, respectively. Analysis of 18 KEGG categories indicated that fruiting body-specific transcripts were significantly enriched in ‘replication and repair’ and ‘transcription’ pathways, which are important for premeiotic replication, karyogamy, and meiosis during maturation. We also searched for fruiting body-specific proteins such as aspartic protease, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and cyclohexanone monooxygenase, which are involved in fruiting body maturation and isolation of functional substances. These transcriptomes will be useful in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of mature fruiting body development and beneficial properties, and contribute to the characterization of novel genes in L. edodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeon Song
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54538, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54896, Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54538, Korea.
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32
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Wang Y, Wu B, Shao J, Jia J, Tian Y, Shu X, Ren X, Guan Y. Extraction, purification and physicochemical properties of a novel lectin from Laetiporus sulphureus mushroom. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Hegde P, Rajakumar SB, Swamy BM, Inamdar SR. A mitogenic lectin from
Rhizoctonia bataticola
arrests growth, inhibits metastasis, and induces apoptosis in human colon epithelial cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5632-5645. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Hegde
- Department of Studies in BiochemistryKarnatak UniversityDharwadKarnatakaIndia
| | | | - Bale M. Swamy
- Department of Studies in BiochemistryKarnatak UniversityDharwadKarnatakaIndia
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34
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Luo Y, Liu X, Lin F, Liao L, Deng Y, Zeng L, Zeng Q. Cloning of a novel lectin from Artocarpus lingnanensis that induces apoptosis in human B-lymphoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:258-267. [PMID: 29318910 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1415127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We isolated a novel lectin (Artocarpus nitidus subsp. lingnanensis lectin, ALL) from Artocarpus nitidus subsp. lingnanensis and showed its mitogenic activities. In this study, we determined the amino acid sequence of ALL by cDNA sequencing. ALL cDNA (933 bp) contains a 657-bp open reading frame (ORF), which encodes a protein with 218 amino acids. ALL shares high sequence similarities with Jacalin and Morniga G and belongs to jacalin-related lectin family. We also examined the antitumor activity of ALL using Raji, a human B-lymphoma cell line. ALL exhibits a strong binding affinity to cell membrane, which can be effectively inhibited by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc). ALL inhibits Raji cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner through apoptosis, evidenced by morphological changes, phosphatidylserine externalization, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, Bcl-2 down-regulation, and caspase-3 activation. We further showed that the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways is required for the pro-apoptotic activity of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Faquan Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Liejun Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Linjie Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Hospital, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Qiyan Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, P. R. China
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35
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Kaliyaperumal M, Kezo K, Gunaseelan S. A Global Overview of Edible Mushrooms. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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37
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Ismaya WT, Tandrasasmita OM, Sundari S, Diana, Lai X, Retnoningrum DS, Dijkstra BW, Tjandrawinata RR, Rachmawati H. The light subunit of mushroom Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase: Its biological characteristics and implications. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:308-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Naik S, Rawat RS, Khandai S, Kumar M, Jena SS, Vijayalakshmi MA, Kumar S. Biochemical characterisation of lectin from Indian hyacinth plant bulbs with potential inhibitory action against human cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1349-1356. [PMID: 28797811 PMCID: PMC7124446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work describes purification and characterisation of a monocot mannose-specific lectin from Hyacinth bulbs. The purified lectin has a molecular mass of ∼30kDa in reducing as well as in non-reducing SDS-PAGE. In hydrodynamic studies by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) showed that purified lectin was monomeric in nature with a molecular size of 2.38±0.03nm. Agglutination activity of purified lectin was confirmed by rabbit erythrocytes and its agglutination activity was inhibited by d-mannose and a glycoprotein (ovalbumin). Glycoprotein nature of purified lectin was confirmed by Periodic Acid Schiff's (PAS) stain. Purified lectin showed moderate pH and thermal stability by retaining hemagglutination activity from pH 6-8 and temperature up to 60°C. It also suppressed the growth of human colon cancer cells (Caco-2) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) with IC50 values of 127μg/mL and 158μg/mL respectively, after 24-h treatment. Morphological studies of treated cells (Caco-2 and HeLa) with hyacinth lectin by AO/EB dual staining indicated that purified lectin is capable of inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Naik
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravindra Singh Rawat
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santripti Khandai
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Sidhartha S Jena
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | | | - Sanjit Kumar
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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39
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Bleuler-Martinez S, Stutz K, Sieber R, Collot M, Mallet JM, Hengartner M, Schubert M, Varrot A, Künzler M. Dimerization of the fungal defense lectin CCL2 is essential for its toxicity against nematodes. Glycobiology 2017; 27:486-500. [PMID: 27980000 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are used as defense effector proteins against predators, parasites and pathogens by animal, plant and fungal innate defense systems. These proteins bind to specific glycoepitopes on the cell surfaces and thereby interfere with the proper cellular functions of the various antagonists. The exact cellular toxicity mechanism is in many cases unclear. Lectin CCL2 of the mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea was previously shown to be toxic for Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. This toxicity is dependent on a single, high-affinity binding site for the trisaccharide GlcNAc(Fucα1,3)β1,4GlcNAc, which is a hallmark of nematode and insect N-glycan cores. The carbohydrate-binding site is located at an unusual position on the protein surface when compared to other β-trefoil lectins. Here, we show that CCL2 forms a compact dimer in solution and in crystals. Substitution of two amino acid residues at the dimer interface, R18A and F133A, interfered with dimerization of CCL2 and reduced toxicity but left carbohydrate-binding unaffected. These results, together with the positioning of the two carbohydrate-binding sites on the surface of the protein dimer, suggest that crosslinking of N-glycoproteins on the surface of intestinal cells of invertebrates is a crucial step in the mechanism of CCL2-mediated toxicity. Comparisons of the number and positioning of carbohydrate-binding sites among different dimerizing fungal β-trefoil lectins revealed a considerable variability in the carbohydrate-binding patterns of these proteins, which are likely to correlate with their respective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrin Stutz
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ramon Sieber
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UPMC Université Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Maurice Mallet
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UPMC Université Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Michael Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Schubert
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Schafmattstr. 20, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Annabelle Varrot
- CERMAV, UPR5301, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Markus Künzler
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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40
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He M, Su D, Liu Q, Gao W, Kang Y. Mushroom lectin overcomes hepatitis B virus tolerance via TLR6 signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5814. [PMID: 28724955 PMCID: PMC5517594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious public health problem in the world. Recombinant HBV vaccine, as a preventive strategy against HBV infection, generates high antibody level, but it is not effective to activate innate and cellular immunity for chronic HBV infection therapy. Lectins from mushroom are natural and active proteins which have been shown important biological functions. However, little is known about the immunological mechanism engaged by mushroom lectins. Here we report that, lectin from Pleurotus ostreatus (POL) stimulated innate response by activating Toll-like receptor 6 signal pathway of dendritic cells. Subsequently POL enhanced HBV specific antibody level and follicular helper T cells response which overcame HBV tolerance in transgenic mice. This study suggests a novel mechanism for POL acting on immune response and a therapeutic approach to break HBV tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina He
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Su
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Youmin Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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41
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Grant OC, Tessier MB, Meche L, Mahal LK, Foley BL, Woods RJ. Combining 3D structure with glycan array data provides insight into the origin of glycan specificity. Glycobiology 2016; 26:772-783. [PMID: 26911287 PMCID: PMC4976521 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining how a glycan-binding protein (GBP) specifically selects its cognate glycan from among the ensemble of glycans within the cellular glycome is an area of intense study. Powerful insight into recognition mechanisms can be gained from 3D structures of GBPs complexed to glycans; however, such structures remain difficult to obtain experimentally. Here an automated 3D structure generation technique, called computational carbohydrate grafting, is combined with the wealth of specificity information available from glycan array screening. Integration of the array data with modeling and crystallography allows generation of putative co-complex structures that can be objectively assessed and iteratively altered until a high level of agreement with experiment is achieved. Given an accurate model of the co-complexes, grafting is also able to discern which binding determinants are active when multiple potential determinants are present within a glycan. In some cases, induced fit in the protein or glycan was necessary to explain the observed specificity, while in other examples a revised definition of the minimal binding determinants was required. When applied to a collection of 10 GBP-glycan complexes, for which crystallographic and array data have been reported, grafting provided a structural rationalization for the binding specificity of >90% of 1223 arrayed glycans. A webtool that enables researchers to perform computational carbohydrate grafting is available at www.glycam.org/gr (accessed 03 March 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Matthew B Tessier
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lawrence Meche
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Lara K Mahal
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Bethany L Foley
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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42
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Structural analysis of β-prism lectin from Colocasia esculenta (L.) S chott. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:518-23. [PMID: 27262515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Mannose-binding β-Prism Colocasia esculenta lectin (β-PCL) was purified from tubers using ion exchange chromatography. The purified β-PCL appeared as a single band of ∼12kDa on SDS-PAGE. β-PCL crystallizes in trigonal space group P3121 and diffracted to a resolution of 2.1Å. The structure was solved using Molecular replacement using Crocus vernus lectin (PDB: 3MEZ) as a model. From the final refined model to an R-factor of 16.5% and an Rfree of 20.4%, it has been observed that the biological unit consists of two β-Prism domains augmented through C-terminals swap over to form one of faces for each domain. Cα superposition of individual domains of β-PCL with individual domains of other related structures and superposition of whole protein structures were carried out. The higher RMS deviation for the superposition of whole structures suggest that β-prism domains assume different orientation in each structure.
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43
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Ismaya WT, Yunita, Damayanti S, Wijaya C, Tjandrawinata RR, Retnoningrum DS, Rachmawati H. In Silico Study to Develop a Lectin-Like Protein from Mushroom Agaricus bisporus for Pharmaceutical Application. Sci Pharm 2016; 84:203-17. [PMID: 27110510 PMCID: PMC4839548 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.isp.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A lectin-like protein of unknown function designated as LSMT was recently discovered in the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus. The protein shares high structural similarity to HA-33 from Clostridium botulinum (HA33) and Ricin-B-like lectin from the mushroom Clitocybe nebularis (CNL), which have been developed as drug carrier and anti-cancer, respectively. These homologous proteins display the ability to penetrate the intestinal epithelial cell monolayer, and are beneficial for oral administration. As the characteristics of LSMT are unknown, a structural study in silico was performed to assess its potential pharmaceutical application. The study suggested potential binding to target ligands such as HA-33 and CNL although the nature, specificity, capacity, mode, and strength may differ. Further molecular docking experiments suggest that interactions between the LSMT and tested ligands may take place. This finding indicates the possible use of the LSMT protein, initiating new research on its use for pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsa Tirta Ismaya
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Industri Selatan V, Blok PP No. 7, Kawasan Industri, Jababeka II, Cikarang 17550, Indonesia
| | - Yunita
- Research group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Sophi Damayanti
- Research group of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Caroline Wijaya
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Industri Selatan V, Blok PP No. 7, Kawasan Industri, Jababeka II, Cikarang 17550, Indonesia
| | - Raymond R Tjandrawinata
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Industri Selatan V, Blok PP No. 7, Kawasan Industri, Jababeka II, Cikarang 17550, Indonesia
| | - Debbie Sofie Retnoningrum
- Research group of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Heni Rachmawati
- Research group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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44
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Entomotoxic and nematotoxic lectins and protease inhibitors from fungal fruiting bodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:91-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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45
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Mushroom lectins: specificity, structure and bioactivity relevant to human disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7802-38. [PMID: 25856678 PMCID: PMC4425051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are non-immunoglobulin proteins that bind diverse sugar structures with a high degree of selectivity. Lectins play crucial role in various biological processes such as cellular signaling, scavenging of glycoproteins from the circulatory system, cell-cell interactions in the immune system, differentiation and protein targeting to cellular compartments, as well as in host defence mechanisms, inflammation, and cancer. Among all the sources of lectins, plants have been most extensively studied. However, more recently fungal lectins have attracted considerable attention due to their antitumor, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities. Given that only 10% of mushroom species are known and have been taxonomically classified, mushrooms represent an enormous unexplored source of potentially useful and novel lectins. In this review we provide an up-to-date summary on the biochemical, molecular and structural properties of mushroom lectins, as well as their versatile applications specifically focusing on mushroom lectin bioactivity.
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Žurga S, Pohleven J, Kos J, Sabotič J. β-Trefoil structure enables interactions between lectins and protease inhibitors that regulate their biological functions. J Biochem 2015; 158:83-90. [PMID: 25742738 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal ricin B-like lectins and protease inhibitors, mycocypins and mycospins, are important mediators in fungal defence against antagonists and all possess the β-trefoil fold. We demonstrate here that fungal β-trefoil proteins interact with each other, in addition to their apparent targets, and that these interactions modulate their biological activity. Such regulation of carbohydrate binding or inhibitory activity is observed for the first time in β-trefoil proteins and could constitute a mechanism for regulating their physiological functions. It could also have implications in molecular recognition of other combinations of β-trefoil proteins in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Žurga
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Pohleven
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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47
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Xiao X, He H, Ding X, Yang Q, Liu X, Liu S, Rang J, Wang T, Zuo M, Xia L. Purification and cloning of lectin that induce cell apoptosis from Allium chinense. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:238-244. [PMID: 25765828 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A 8.7 kDa lectin with high agglutin activity was isolated by affinity chromatography and cloned from Allium chinense in this study. For the MTT assay, approximately 60 µg/ml A. chinense lectin (ACL) inhibited 50% of the human hepatoma Hep-3B cells grown after 48 h. In addition, no antiproliferative effect was observed on normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) even at 100 µg/ml concentration. After treatments with ACL on Hep-3B cells, morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoskeleton were observed under laser scanning confocal microscopy with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and tubulin Alexa Fluor 488 staining; whereas, the mitochondrial membrane potential was observed through Mito Tracker Red CMXRos staining. The results showed that ACL led to cell morphology and structure change (e.g., round cell shrinkage). Moreover, ACL resulted in significant change in the shape of the nucleus, damaged the cytoskeleton when tubulin was degraded, and reduced the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. By contrast, no changes were observed on HUVEC cells under the same treatment conditions. DNA fragmentation analysis was used to detect DNA damage. Western blot showed that ACL upregulated caspase-3 and Bax expression during apoptosis and cloned the structural gene of ACL with an open reading frame of 456 bp encoding 151 amino acid residues. The results showed that ACL is a potential anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Xiao
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Microbial Molecular Biology, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hao He
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Microbial Molecular Biology, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Microbial Molecular Biology, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Microbial Molecular Biology, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Microbial Molecular Biology, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Microbial Molecular Biology, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jie Rang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Microbial Molecular Biology, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Microbial Molecular Biology, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Mingxing Zuo
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Microbial Molecular Biology, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Liqiu Xia
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Microbial Molecular Biology, Changsha 410081, China.
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48
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Lazar A, Coll A, Dobnik D, Baebler Š, Bedina-Zavec A, Žel J, Gruden K. Involvement of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) MKK6 in response to potato virus Y. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104553. [PMID: 25111695 PMCID: PMC4128675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have crucial roles in the regulation of plant development and in plant responses to stress. Plant recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or pathogen-derived effector proteins has been shown to trigger activation of several MAPKs. This then controls defence responses, including synthesis and/or signalling of defence hormones and activation of defence related genes. The MAPK cascade genes are highly complex and interconnected, and thus the precise signalling mechanisms in specific plant–pathogen interactions are still not known. Here we investigated the MAPK signalling network involved in immune responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Potato virus Y, an important potato pathogen worldwide. Sequence analysis was performed to identify the complete MAPK kinase (MKK) family in potato, and to identify those regulated in the hypersensitive resistance response to Potato virus Y infection. Arabidopsis has 10 MKK family members, of which we identified five in potato and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and eight in Nicotiana benthamiana. Among these, StMKK6 is the most strongly regulated gene in response to Potato virus Y. The salicylic acid treatment revealed that StMKK6 is regulated by the hormone that is in agreement with the salicylic acid-regulated domains found in the StMKK6 promoter. The involvement of StMKK6 in potato defence response was confirmed by localisation studies, where StMKK6 accumulated strongly only in Potato-virus-Y-infected plants, and predominantly in the cell nucleus. Using a yeast two-hybrid method, we identified three StMKK6 targets downstream in the MAPK cascade: StMAPK4_2, StMAPK6 and StMAPK13. These data together provide further insight into the StMKK6 signalling module and its involvement in plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lazar
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Coll
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Dobnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Baebler
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Apolonija Bedina-Zavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Žel
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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49
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Žurga S, Pohleven J, Renko M, Bleuler-Martinez S, Sosnowski P, Turk D, Künzler M, Kos J, Sabotič J. A novel β-trefoil lectin from the parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera) is nematotoxic. FEBS J 2014; 281:3489-506. [PMID: 24930858 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins present in all organisms. Some cytoplasmic lectins from fruiting bodies of dikaryotic fungi are toxic against a variety of parasites and predators. We have isolated, cloned and expressed a novel, single domain lectin from Macrolepiota procera, designated MpL. Determination of the crystal structure revealed that MpL is a ricin B-like lectin with a β-trefoil fold. Biochemical characterization, site-directed mutagenesis, co-crystallization with carbohydrates, isothermal titration calorimetry and glycan microarray analyses show that MpL forms dimers with the carbohydrate-binding site at the α-repeat, with the highest specificity for terminal N-acetyllactosamine and other β-galactosides. A second putative carbohydrate-binding site with a low affinity for galactose is present at the γ-repeat. In addition, a novel hydrophobic binding site was detected in MpL with specificity for molecules other than carbohydrates. The tissue specific distribution of MpL in the stipe and cap tissue of fruiting bodies and its toxicity towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans indicate a function of MpL in protecting fruiting bodies against predators and parasites. DATABASE Nucleotide sequence data have been deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers HQ449738 and HQ449739. Structural data have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession codes 4ION, 4IYB, 4IZX and 4J2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Žurga
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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50
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Lectins in human pathogenic fungi. Rev Iberoam Micol 2014; 31:72-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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