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Żukowska D, Chorążewska A, Ciura K, Gędaj A, Kalka M, Poźniak M, Porębska N, Opaliński Ł. The diverse dependence of galectin-1 and -8 on multivalency for the modulation of FGFR1 endocytosis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:270. [PMID: 38750548 PMCID: PMC11094976 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a N-glycosylated cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase, which upon recognition of specific extracellular ligands, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), initiates an intracellular signaling. FGFR1 signaling ensures homeostasis of cells by fine-tuning essential cellular processes, like differentiation, division, motility and death. FGFR1 activity is coordinated at multiple steps and unbalanced FGFR1 signaling contributes to developmental diseases and cancers. One of the crucial control mechanisms over FGFR1 signaling is receptor endocytosis, which allows for rapid targeting of FGF-activated FGFR1 to lysosomes for degradation and the signal termination. We have recently demonstrated that N-glycans of FGFR1 are recognized by a precise set of extracellular galectins, secreted and intracellular multivalent lectins implicated in a plethora of cellular processes and altered in immune responses and cancers. Specific galectins trigger FGFR1 clustering, resulting in activation of the receptor and in initiation of intracellular signaling cascades that shape the cell physiology. Although some of galectin family members emerged recently as key players in the clathrin-independent endocytosis of specific cargoes, their impact on endocytosis of FGFR1 was largely unknown.Here we assessed the contribution of extracellular galectins to the cellular uptake of FGFR1. We demonstrate that only galectin-1 induces internalization of FGFR1, whereas the majority of galectins predominantly inhibit endocytosis of the receptor. We focused on three representative galectins: galectin-1, -7 and -8 and we demonstrate that although all these galectins directly activate FGFR1 by the receptor crosslinking mechanism, they exert different effects on FGFR1 endocytosis. Galectin-1-mediated internalization of FGFR1 doesn't require galectin-1 multivalency and occurs via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, resembling in this way the uptake of FGF/FGFR1 complex. In contrast galectin-7 and -8 impede FGFR1 endocytosis, causing stabilization of the receptor on the cell surface and prolonged propagation of the signals. Furthermore, using protein engineering approaches we demonstrate that it is possible to modulate or even fully reverse the endocytic potential of galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Żukowska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gędaj
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Kalka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Poźniak
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Natalia Porębska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland.
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Wang X, Gaur M, Mounzih K, Rodriguez HJ, Qiu H, Chen M, Yan L, Cooper BA, Narayan S, Derakhshandeh R, Rao P, Han DD, Nabavizadeh P, Springer ML, John CM. Inhibition of galectin-3 post-infarction impedes progressive fibrosis by regulating inflammatory profibrotic cascades. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2536-2549. [PMID: 37602717 PMCID: PMC10676456 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Acute myocardial infarction (MI) causes inflammation, collagen deposition, and reparative fibrosis in response to myocyte death and, subsequently, a pathological myocardial remodelling process characterized by excessive interstitial fibrosis, driving heart failure (HF). Nonetheless, how or when to limit excessive fibrosis for therapeutic purposes remains uncertain. Galectin-3, a major mediator of organ fibrosis, promotes cardiac fibrosis and remodelling. We performed a preclinical assessment of a protein inhibitor of galectin-3 (its C-terminal domain, Gal-3C) to limit excessive fibrosis resulting from MI and prevent ventricular enlargement and HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Gal-3C was produced by enzymatic cleavage of full-length galectin-3 or by direct expression of the truncated form in Escherichia coli. Gal-3C was intravenously administered for 7 days in acute MI models of young and aged rats, starting either pre-MI or 4 days post-MI. Echocardiography, haemodynamics, histology, and molecular and cellular analyses were performed to assess post-MI cardiac functionality and pathological fibrotic progression. Gal-3C profoundly benefitted left ventricular ejection fraction, end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, haemodynamic parameters, infarct scar size, and interstitial fibrosis, with better therapeutic efficacy than losartan and spironolactone monotherapies over the 56-day study. Gal-3C therapy in post-MI aged rats substantially improved pump function and attenuated ventricular dilation, preventing progressive HF. Gal-3C in vitro treatment of M2-polarized macrophage-like cells reduced their M2-phenotypic expression of arginase-1 and interleukin-10. Gal-3C inhibited M2 polarization of cardiac macrophages during reparative response post-MI. Gal-3C impeded progressive fibrosis post-MI by down-regulating galectin-3-mediated profibrotic signalling cascades including a reduction in endogenous arginase-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). CONCLUSION Gal-3C treatment improved long-term cardiac function post-MI by reduction in the wound-healing response, and inhibition of inflammatory fibrogenic signalling to avert an augmentation of fibrosis in the periinfarct region. Thus, Gal-3C treatment prevented the infarcted heart from extensive fibrosis that accelerates the development of HF, providing a potential targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Meenakshi Gaur
- MandalMed, Inc., 665 3rd Street, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Khalid Mounzih
- MandalMed, Inc., 665 3rd Street, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Hilda J Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- MandalMed, Inc., 665 3rd Street, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Huiliang Qiu
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Liqiu Yan
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brian A Cooper
- MandalMed, Inc., 665 3rd Street, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Shilpa Narayan
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ronak Derakhshandeh
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Poonam Rao
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel D Han
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pooneh Nabavizadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew L Springer
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Constance M John
- MandalMed, Inc., 665 3rd Street, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 100, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Decreased Innate Migration of Pro-Inflammatory M1 Macrophages through the Mesothelial Membrane Is Affected by Ceramide Kinase and Ceramide 1-P. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415977. [PMID: 36555618 PMCID: PMC9785226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The retrograde flow of endometrial tissues deposited into the peritoneal cavity occurs in women during menstruation. Classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated macrophages partake in the removal of regurgitated menstrual tissue. The failure of macrophage egress from the peritoneal cavity through the mesothelium leads to chronic inflammation in endometriosis. To study the migration differences of macrophage phenotypes across mesothelial cells, an in vitro model of macrophage egress across a peritoneal mesothelial cell monolayer membrane was developed. M1 macrophages were more sessile, emigrating 2.9-fold less than M2 macrophages. The M1 macrophages displayed a pro-inflammatory cytokine signature, including IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, TNF-β, and IL-12p70. Mass spectrometry sphingolipidomics revealed decreased levels of ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), an inducer of migration in M1 macrophages, which correlated with its poor migration behavior. C1P is generated by ceramide kinase (CERK) from ceramide, and blocking C1P synthesis via the action of NVP231, a specific CERK chemical inhibitor, prohibited the emigration of M1 and M2 macrophages up to 6.7-fold. Incubation with exogenously added C1P rescued this effect. These results suggest that M1 macrophages are less mobile and have higher retention in the peritoneum due to lower C1P levels, which contributes to an altered peritoneal environment in endometriosis by generating a predominant pro-inflammatory cytokine environment.
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Maupin KA, Diegel CR, Stevens PD, Dick D, Williams BO. Mutation of the galectin-3 glycan-binding domain (Lgals3-R200S) enhances cortical bone expansion in male mice and trabecular bone mass in female mice. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1717-1728. [PMID: 36062328 PMCID: PMC9527582 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed that genomic loss of galectin-3 (Gal-3; encoded by Lgals3) in mice has a significant protective effect on age-related bone loss. Gal-3 has both intracellular and extracellular functionality, and we wanted to assess whether the affect we observed in the Lgals3 knockout (KO) mice could be attributed to the ability of Gal-3 to bind glycoproteins. Mutation of a highly conserved arginine to a serine in human Gal-3 (LGALS3-R186S) blocks glycan binding and secretion. We generated mice with the equivalent mutation (Lgals3-R200S) and observed a subsequent reduction in Gal-3 secretion from mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in circulating blood. When examining bone structure in aged mice, we noticed some similarities to the Lgals3-KO mice and some differences. First, we observed greater bone mass in Lgals3-R200S mutant mice, as was previously observed in Lgals3-KO mice. Like Lgals3-KO mice, significantly increased trabecular bone mass was only observed in female Lgals3-R200S mice. These results suggest that the greater bone mass observed is driven by the loss of extracellular Gal-3 functionality. However, the results from our cortical bone expansion data showed a sex-dependent difference, with only male Lgals3-KO mice having an increased response, contrasting with our earlier study. These notable sex differences suggest a potential role for sex hormones, most likely androgen signaling, being involved. In summary, our results suggest that targeting extracellular Gal-3 function may be a suitable treatment for age-related loss of bone mass.
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Humphries DC, Mills R, Boz C, McHugh BJ, Hirani N, Rossi AG, Pedersen A, Schambye HT, Slack RJ, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Wang W, Sethi T, Mackinnon AC. Galectin-3 inhibitor GB0139 protects against acute lung injury by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment and activation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949264. [PMID: 36003515 PMCID: PMC9393216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) drives fibrosis during chronic lung injury, however, its role in acute lung injury (ALI) remains unknown. Effective pharmacological therapies available for ALI are limited; identifying novel concepts in treatment is essential. GB0139 is a Gal-3 inhibitor currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We investigate the role of Gal-3 in ALI and evaluate whether its inhibition with GB0139 offers a protective role. The effect of GB0139 on ALI was explored in vivo and in vitro. Methods: The pharmacokinetic profile of intra-tracheal (i.t.) GB0139 was investigated in C57BL/6 mice to support the daily dosing regimen. GB0139 (1–30 µg) was then assessed following acute i.t. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bleomycin administration. Histology, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALf) analysis, and flow cytometric analysis of lung digests and BALf were performed. The impact of GB0139 on cell activation and apoptosis was determined in vitro using neutrophils and THP-1, A549 and Jurkat E6 cell lines. Results: GB0139 decreased inflammation severity via a reduction in neutrophil and macrophage recruitment and neutrophil activation. GB0139 reduced LPS-mediated increases in interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha. In vitro, GB0139 inhibited Gal-3-induced neutrophil activation, monocyte IL-8 secretion, T cell apoptosis and the upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes encoding for IL-8, TNFα, IL-6 in alveolar epithelial cells in response to mechanical stretch. Conclusion: These data indicate that Gal-3 adopts a pro-inflammatory role following the early stages of lung injury and supports the development of GB0139, as a potential treatment approach in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan C. Humphries
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Galecto Inc. Nine Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Mills
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Boz
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J. McHugh
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nikhil Hirani
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano G. Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Wei Wang
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Sethi
- Galecto Inc, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison C. Mackinnon
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Galecto Inc. Nine Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Alison C. Mackinnon,
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Ferreira T, Kulkarni A, Bretscher C, Nazarov PV, Hossain JA, Ystaas LAR, Miletic H, Röth R, Niesler B, Marchini A. Oncolytic H-1 Parvovirus Hijacks Galectin-1 to Enter Cancer Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:1018. [PMID: 35632759 PMCID: PMC9146882 DOI: 10.3390/v14051018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies in glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma patients strongly support the further development of H-1 protoparvovirus (H-1PV)-based anticancer therapies. The identification of cellular factors involved in the H-1PV life cycle may provide the knowledge to improve H-1PV anticancer potential. Recently, we showed that sialylated laminins mediate H-1PV attachment at the cell membrane. In this study, we revealed that H-1PV also interacts at the cell surface with galectin-1 and uses this glycoprotein to enter cancer cells. Indeed, knockdown/out of LGALS1, the gene encoding galectin-1, strongly decreases the ability of H-1PV to infect and kill cancer cells. This ability is rescued by the re-introduction of LGALS1 into cancer cells. Pre-treatment with lactose, which is able to bind to galectins and modulate their cellular functions, decreased H-1PV infectivity in a dose dependent manner. In silico analysis reveals that LGALS1 is overexpressed in various tumours including glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma. We show by immunohistochemistry analysis of 122 glioblastoma biopsies that galectin-1 protein levels vary between tumours, with levels in recurrent glioblastoma higher than those in primary tumours or normal tissues. We also find a direct correlation between LGALS1 transcript levels and H-1PV oncolytic activity in 53 cancer cell lines from different tumour origins. Strikingly, the addition of purified galectin-1 sensitises poorly susceptible GBM cell lines to H-1PV killing activity by rescuing cell entry. Together, these findings demonstrate that galectin-1 is a crucial determinant of the H-1PV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferreira
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Amit Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Clemens Bretscher
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Petr V. Nazarov
- Bioinformatics Platform and Multiomics Data Science Research Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Jubayer A. Hossain
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (J.A.H.); (L.A.R.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Lars A. R. Ystaas
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (J.A.H.); (L.A.R.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (J.A.H.); (L.A.R.Y.); (H.M.)
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ralph Röth
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.R.); (B.N.)
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.R.); (B.N.)
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
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Galectin-3 Contributes to the Inhibitory Effect of lα,25-(OH) 2D 3 on Osteoclastogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413334. [PMID: 34948130 PMCID: PMC8708238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-(OH)2D3, not only promotes intestinal calcium absorption, but also regulates the formation of osteoclasts (OCs) and their capacity for bone mineral dissolution. Gal-3 is a newly discovered bone metabolic regulator involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of various cells. However, the role of galectin-3 (gal-3) in OC formation and the regulatory effects of 1α,25-(OH)2D3 have yet to be explored. To confirm whether gal-3 contributes to the regulatory effects of 1α,25-(OH)2D3 on osteoclastogenesis, osteoclast precursors (OCPs) were induced by macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). TRAP staining and bone resorption analyses were used to verify the formation and activation of OCs. qPCR, Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence assays were used to detect gene and protein expression. The regulatory effects of gal-3 in OC formation after treatment with 1α,25-(OH)2D3 were evaluated using gal-3 siRNA. The results showed that 1α,25-(OH)2D3 significantly increased gal-3 expression and inhibited OC formation and bone resorption. Expression levels of OC-related genes and proteins, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), and cathepsin K (Ctsk) were also inhibited by 1α,25-(OH)2D3. Gal-3 knockdown attenuated the inhibitory effects of 1α,25-(OH)2D3 on OC formation, activation, and gene and protein expression. In addition, gal-3 was co-localized with the vitamin D receptor (VDR). These data suggest that gal-3 contributes to the osteoclastogenesis inhibitory effect of lα,25-(OH)2D3, which is involved in bone and calcium homeostasis.
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Eapen VV, Swarup S, Hoyer MJ, Paulo JA, Harper JW. Quantitative proteomics reveals the selectivity of ubiquitin-binding autophagy receptors in the turnover of damaged lysosomes by lysophagy. eLife 2021; 10:72328. [PMID: 34585663 PMCID: PMC8523161 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Removal of damaged organelles via the process of selective autophagy constitutes a major form of cellular quality control. Damaged organelles are recognized by a dedicated surveillance machinery, leading to the assembly of an autophagosome around the damaged organelle, prior to fusion with the degradative lysosomal compartment. Lysosomes themselves are also prone to damage and are degraded through the process of lysophagy. While early steps involve recognition of ruptured lysosomal membranes by glycan-binding galectins and ubiquitylation of transmembrane lysosomal proteins, many steps in the process, and their interrelationships, remain poorly understood, including the role and identity of cargo receptors required for completion of lysophagy. Here, we employ quantitative organelle capture and proximity biotinylation proteomics of autophagy adaptors, cargo receptors, and galectins in response to acute lysosomal damage, thereby revealing the landscape of lysosome-associated proteome remodeling during lysophagy. Among the proteins dynamically recruited to damaged lysosomes were ubiquitin-binding autophagic cargo receptors. Using newly developed lysophagic flux reporters including Lyso-Keima, we demonstrate that TAX1BP1, together with its associated kinase TBK1, are both necessary and sufficient to promote lysophagic flux in both HeLa cells and induced neurons (iNeurons). While the related receptor Optineurin (OPTN) can drive damage-dependent lysophagy when overexpressed, cells lacking either OPTN or CALCOCO2 still maintain significant lysophagic flux in HeLa cells. Mechanistically, TAX1BP1-driven lysophagy requires its N-terminal SKICH domain, which binds both TBK1 and the autophagy regulatory factor RB1CC1, and requires upstream ubiquitylation events for efficient recruitment and lysophagic flux. These results identify TAX1BP1 as a central component in the lysophagy pathway and provide a proteomic resource for future studies of the lysophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay V Eapen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, United States.,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Sharan Swarup
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, United States.,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Melissa J Hoyer
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, United States.,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, United States
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, United States.,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, United States
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Unraveling How Tumor-Derived Galectins Contribute to Anti-Cancer Immunity Failure. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184529. [PMID: 34572756 PMCID: PMC8469970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review compiles our current knowledge of one of the main pathways activated by tumors to escape immune attack. Indeed, it integrates the current understanding of how tumor-derived circulating galectins affect the elicitation of effective anti-tumor immunity. It focuses on several relevant topics: which are the main galectins produced by tumors, how soluble galectins circulate throughout biological liquids (taking a body-settled gradient concentration into account), the conditions required for the galectins’ functions to be accomplished at the tumor and tumor-distant sites, and how the physicochemical properties of the microenvironment in each tissue determine their functions. These are no mere semantic definitions as they define which functions can be performed in said tissues instead. Finally, we discuss the promising future of galectins as targets in cancer immunotherapy and some outstanding questions in the field. Abstract Current data indicates that anti-tumor T cell-mediated immunity correlates with a better prognosis in cancer patients. However, it has widely been demonstrated that tumor cells negatively manage immune attack by activating several immune-suppressive mechanisms. It is, therefore, essential to fully understand how lymphocytes are activated in a tumor microenvironment and, above all, how to prevent these cells from becoming dysfunctional. Tumors produce galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 as one of the major molecular mechanisms to evade immune control of tumor development. These galectins impact different steps in the establishment of the anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we carry out a critical dissection on the mechanisms through which tumor-derived galectins can influence the production and the functionality of anti-tumor T lymphocytes. This knowledge may help us design more effective immunotherapies to treat human cancers.
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Ptasinski V, Stegmayr J, Belvisi MG, Wagner DE, Murray LA. Targeting Alveolar Repair in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:347-365. [PMID: 34129811 PMCID: PMC8525210 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0476tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Current evidence suggests that IPF may be initiated by repeated epithelial injury in the distal lung followed by abnormal wound healing responses which occur due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Mechanisms contributing to chronic damage of the alveolar epithelium in IPF include dysregulated cellular processes such as apoptosis, senescence, abnormal activation of developmental pathways, aging, as well as genetic mutations. Therefore, targeting the regenerative capacity of the lung epithelium is an attractive approach in the development of novel therapies for IPF. Endogenous lung regeneration is a complex process involving coordinated cross-talk between multiple cell types and re-establishment of a normal extracellular matrix environment. This review will describe the current knowledge of reparative epithelial progenitor cells in the alveolar region of the lung and discuss potential novel therapeutic approaches for IPF focusing on endogenous alveolar repair. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ptasinski
- Lund University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden.,AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 128698, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - John Stegmayr
- Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Imperial College London, 4615, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lunds Universitet, 5193, Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lynne A Murray
- AstraZeneca PLC, 4625, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
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11
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Sedlář A, Trávníčková M, Bojarová P, Vlachová M, Slámová K, Křen V, Bačáková L. Interaction between Galectin-3 and Integrins Mediates Cell-Matrix Adhesion in Endothelial Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105144. [PMID: 34067978 PMCID: PMC8152275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding protein that influences various cell functions, including cell adhesion. We focused on the role of Gal-3 as an extracellular ligand mediating cell-matrix adhesion. We used human adipose tissue-derived stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells that are promising for vascular tissue engineering. We found that these cells naturally contained Gal-3 on their surface and inside the cells. Moreover, they were able to associate with exogenous Gal-3 added to the culture medium. This association was reduced with a β-galactoside LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1,4GlcNAc), a selective ligand of Gal-3, which binds to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) in the Gal-3 molecule. This ligand was also able to detach Gal-3 newly associated with cells but not Gal-3 naturally present on cells. In addition, Gal-3 preadsorbed on plastic surfaces acted as an adhesion ligand for both cell types, and the cell adhesion was resistant to blocking with LacdiNAc. This result suggests that the adhesion was mediated by a binding site different from the CRD. The blocking of integrin adhesion receptors on cells with specific antibodies revealed that the cell adhesion to the preadsorbed Gal-3 was mediated, at least partially, by β1 and αV integrins-namely α5β1, αVβ3, and αVβ1 integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Sedlář
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Trávníčková
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (K.S.); (V.K.)
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nám. Sítná, CZ 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (L.B.); Tel.: +420-296442360 (P.B.); +420-296443743 (L.B.)
| | - Miluše Vlachová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (K.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (K.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (K.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Lucie Bačáková
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (L.B.); Tel.: +420-296442360 (P.B.); +420-296443743 (L.B.)
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12
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Pecori F, Akimoto Y, Hanamatsu H, Furukawa JI, Shinohara Y, Ikehara Y, Nishihara S. Mucin-type O-glycosylation controls pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells via Wnt receptor endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs245845. [PMID: 32973111 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.245845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into a range of cell types during development, and this pluripotency is regulated by various extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Mucin-type O-glycosylation has been suggested to be a potential factor in the control of ESC pluripotency, and is characterized by the addition of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to serine or threonine residues of membrane-anchored proteins and secreted proteins. To date, the relationship between mucin-type O-glycosylation and signaling in ESCs remains undefined. Here, we identify the elongation pathway via C1GalT1 that synthesizes T antigen (Galβ1-3GalNAc) as the most prominent among mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications in ESCs. Moreover, we show that mucin-type O-glycosylation on the Wnt signaling receptor frizzled-5 (Fzd5) regulates its endocytosis via galectin-3 binding to T antigen, and that reduction of T antigen results in the exit of the ESCs from pluripotency via canonical Wnt signaling activation. Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism that modulates Wnt signaling and, consequently, ESC pluripotency.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pecori
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Hanamatsu
- Department of Advanced Clinical Glycobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Furukawa
- Department of Advanced Clinical Glycobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yasuro Shinohara
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ikehara
- Department of Molecular and Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
- Glycan & Life System Integration Center (GaLSIC), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
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13
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Beukema M, Faas MM, de Vos P. The effects of different dietary fiber pectin structures on the gastrointestinal immune barrier: impact via gut microbiota and direct effects on immune cells. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1364-1376. [PMID: 32908213 PMCID: PMC8080816 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectins are dietary fibers with different structural characteristics. Specific pectin structures can influence the gastrointestinal immune barrier by directly interacting with immune cells or by impacting the intestinal microbiota. The impact of pectin strongly depends on the specific structural characteristics of pectin; for example, the degree of methyl-esterification, acetylation and rhamnogalacturonan I or rhamnogalacturonan II neutral side chains. Here, we review the interactions of specific pectin structures with the gastrointestinal immune barrier. The effects of pectin include strengthening the mucus layer, enhancing epithelial integrity, and activating or inhibiting dendritic cell and macrophage responses. The direct interaction of pectins with the gastrointestinal immune barrier may be governed through pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 or Galectin-3. In addition, specific pectins can stimulate the diversity and abundance of beneficial microbial communities. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal immune barrier may be enhanced by short-chain fatty acids. Moreover, pectins can enhance the intestinal immune barrier by favoring the adhesion of commensal bacteria and inhibiting the adhesion of pathogens to epithelial cells. Current data illustrate that pectin may be a powerful dietary fiber to manage and prevent several inflammatory conditions, but additional human studies with pectin molecules with well-defined structures are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beukema
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Prato CA, Carabelli J, Campetella O, Tribulatti MV. Galectin-8 Enhances T cell Response by Promotion of Antigen Internalization and Processing. iScience 2020; 23:101278. [PMID: 32619699 PMCID: PMC7334376 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a mammalian lectin endowed with immunostimulatory ability. In the present work, we demonstrate that Gal-8-glycan interactions on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) promote antigen binding and internalization, independently from antigen nature. Both Gal-8 and antigen were together internalized and localized in early endosomes. Interestingly, antigen processing by APCs was also accelerated in the presence of Gal-8 as a separate mechanism, distinct from the increased antigen internalization. Moreover, APCs pulsed together with antigen and Gal-8 were able to activate cognate CD4+ T cells more efficiently than those pulsed with antigen alone. This enhanced antigen presentation was still evident in the absence of costimulatory signals and APCs-derived soluble mediators. Therefore, our results provide evidence for as yet unrecognized mechanism by which Gal-8 stimulates the elicitation of the immune response in a lectin-dependent manner, by inducing antigen uptake and processing upon lattice formation at APCs surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Arahí Prato
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
| | - Julieta Carabelli
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
| | - Oscar Campetella
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Tribulatti
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina.
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15
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Endogenous and exogenous galectin-3 promote the adhesion of tumor cells with low expression of MUC1 to HUVECs through upregulation of N-cadherin and CD44. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1642-1656. [PMID: 30171204 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell-endothelial adhesion is one of the key steps in tumor cell haematogenous dissemination in metastasis and was previously shown to be mediated by interaction of galectin-3 with the transmembrane mucin protein MUC1. In this study, the effect of exogenous as well as endogenous galectin-3 on adhesion of two cell lines (low MUC1-expressing human prostate cancer PC-3M cells and non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells) to monolayer of umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. We found that suppression of endogenous galectin-3 expression reduced tumor cell adhesion to HUVECs and also decreased cell invasion and migration. Exogenous galectin-3 promoted tumor cell adhesion to HUVECs by entering cells. Both exogenous and endogenous galectin-3 upregulated the expression of β-catenin and increased β-catenin nuclear accumulation, and subsequently upregulated the expression of N-cadherin and CD44. We deduced that both exogenous as well as endogenous galectin-3 promoted low MUC1-expressing cancer cell adhesion to HUVECs by increasing the expression of N-cadherin and CD44 via an increase of nuclear β-catenin accumulation. These results were confirmed further by using a β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity inhibitor, N-cadherin or CD44 siRNAs. Taken together, our results suggest a new molecular mechanism of galectin-3-mediated cell adhesion in cancer metastasis.
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16
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Wu ZS, Lo JJ, Wu SH, Wang CZ, Chen RF, Lee SS, Chai CY, Huang SH. Early Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Attenuates Burn-Induced Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting the Galectin-3-Dependent Toll-Like Receptor-4 Pathway in a Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082195. [PMID: 30060489 PMCID: PMC6121430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment has been proven to decrease neuroinflammation in rats. This study aimed to determine the potential mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of HBO treatment on burn-induced neuroinflammation in rats. Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to the following six groups (n = 6 per group): (1) sham burn with sham HBO treatment; (2) sham burn with HBO treatment; (3) burn with one-week sham HBO treatment; (4) burn with two-week sham HBO treatment; (5) burn with one-week HBO treatment; and (6) burn with two-week HBO treatment. SD rats that received third-degree burn injury were used as a full-thickness burn injury model. Subsequently, we analyzed the expression of proteins involved in the galectin-3 (Gal-3)-dependent Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) pathway through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, and Western blotting. A behavior test was also conducted, which revealed that HBO treatment significantly suppressed mechanical hypersensitivity in the burn with HBO treatment group compared to the burn with sham HBO treatment group (p < 0.05). ELISA results showed that tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and the skin significantly decreased in the burn with HBO treatment group compared with the burn with sham HBO treatment group (p < 0.05). Western blotting results demonstrated that HBO treatment significantly reduced the expression of Gal-3 and TLR-4 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the burn with HBO treatment group compared with the burn with sham HBO treatment group (p < 0.05). IHC analysis showed that the expression of Gal-3, TLR-4, CD68 and CD45 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was significantly lower in the burn with HBO treatment group than in the burn with sham HBO treatment group (p < 0.05), and the expression of CD68 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the right hind paw skin was significantly lower. The expression of vimentin and fibroblast growth factor in the right hind paw skin was significantly higher after HBO treatment (p < 0.05). This study proved that early HBO treatment relieves neuropathic pain, inhibits the Gal-3-dependent TLR-4 pathway, and suppresses microglia and macrophage activation in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Sheng Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Jou Lo
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Zen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Rong-Fu Chen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Shin Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hung Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Room, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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The Role of Galectins as Modulators of Metabolism and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9186940. [PMID: 29950926 PMCID: PMC5987346 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9186940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are β-galcotosid-binding lectins. The function of galectins varies with their tissue-specific and subcellular location, and their binding to carbohydrates makes them key players in several intra- and extracellular processes where they bind to glycosylated proteins and lipids. In humans, there are 12 identified galectins, some with tissue-specific distribution. Galectins are found inside cells and in the nucleus, cytosol, and organelles, as well as extracellularly. Galectin-1, -2, -3, -4, -7, -8, -9, and -12 can all induce T-cell apoptosis and modulate inflammation. In the context of metabolic control and loss of the same in, for example, diabetes, galectin-1, -2, -3, -9, and -12 are especially interesting. This review presents information on galectins relevant to the control of inflammation and metabolism and the potential to target galectins for therapeutic purposes.
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Briones L, Andrews M, Pizarro F, Arredondo-Olguín M. Expression of genes associated with inflammation and iron metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells induced with macrophages-conditioned medium, glucose and iron. Biometals 2018; 31:595-604. [PMID: 29730778 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process, with an increased volume of total adipose tissue, especially visceral, which secretes pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Hepcidin (Hpc), a main iron metabolism regulator, is synthetized by an IL-6 stimuli, among others, in liver and adipose tissue, favoring an association between the inflammatory process and iron metabolism. Still there are questions remain regarding the interaction of these factors. Our aim was to study the effect of a macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM) on adipocyte cells challenged with glucose and/or iron. We studied the mRNA relative abundance of genes related to inflammation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells challenged with Fe (40 µM), glucose (20 mM) or Fe/glucose (40 µM/20 mM) with or without MCM for 24 h. We also measured the intracellular iron levels under these conditions. Our results showed that when adipocytes were challenged with MCM, glucose and/or Fe, the intracellular iron and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines increased. These responses were higher when all the stimuli were combined with MCM from macrophages. Thus, we showed that combined high glucose/high Fe alone or with MCM may contribute to an increase on intracellular iron and inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 differentiated cells, by increased mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, Hpc and reducing adiponectin levels, enhancing the inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Briones
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Nutrition Institute and Food Technology, INTA, University of Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Macul, Chile.,Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health Science and Food, University of Bío-Bío, Andrés Bello 720, Chillán, Chile
| | - M Andrews
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Nutrition Institute and Food Technology, INTA, University of Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Macul, Chile
| | - F Pizarro
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Nutrition Institute and Food Technology, INTA, University of Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Macul, Chile
| | - M Arredondo-Olguín
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Nutrition Institute and Food Technology, INTA, University of Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Macul, Chile.
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Morón-Calvente V, Romero-Pinedo S, Toribio-Castelló S, Plaza-Díaz J, Abadía-Molina AC, Rojas-Barros DI, Beug ST, LaCasse EC, MacKenzie A, Korneluk R, Abadía-Molina F. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, NAIP, cIAP1 and cIAP2 expression during macrophage differentiation and M1/M2 polarization. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518103 PMCID: PMC5843221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages constitute the first line of defense of the immune system against external pathogens. Macrophages have a highly plastic phenotype depending on environmental conditions; the extremes of this phenotypic spectrum are a pro-inflammatory defensive role (M1 phenotype) and an anti-inflammatory tissue-repair one (M2 phenotype). The Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins have important roles in the regulation of several cellular processes, including innate and adaptive immunity. In this study we have analyzed the differential expression of the IAPs, NAIP, cIAP1 and cIAP2, during macrophage differentiation and polarization into M1 or M2. In polarized THP-1 cells and primary human macrophages, NAIP is abundantly expressed in M2 macrophages, while cIAP1 and cIAP2 show an inverse pattern of expression in polarized macrophages, with elevated expression levels of cIAP1 in M2 and cIAP2 preferentially expressed in M1. Interestingly, treatment with the IAP antagonist SMC-LCL161, induced the upregulation of NAIP in M2, the downregulation of cIAP1 in M1 and M2 and an induction of cIAP2 in M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Morón-Calvente
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador Romero-Pinedo
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana C. Abadía-Molina
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Domingo I. Rojas-Barros
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra”, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Shawn T. Beug
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Eric C. LaCasse
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Alex MacKenzie
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Robert Korneluk
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Francisco Abadía-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Bustos SO, da Silva Pereira GJ, de Freitas Saito R, Gil CD, Zanatta DB, Smaili SS, Chammas R. Galectin-3 sensitized melanoma cell lines to vemurafenib (PLX4032) induced cell death through prevention of autophagy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14567-14579. [PMID: 29581864 PMCID: PMC5865690 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a current worldwide problem, as its incidence is increasing. In the last years, several studies have shown that melanoma cells display high levels of autophagy, a self-degradative process that can promote survival leading to drug resistance. Consequently, autophagy regulation represents a challenge for cancer therapy. Herein, we showed that galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside binding lectin which is often lost along melanoma progression, is a negative regulator of autophagy in melanoma cells. Our data demonstrated that Gal-3low/negative cells were more resistant to the inhibition of the activity of the cancer driver gene BRAFV600E by vemurafenib (PLX4032). Interestingly, in these cells, starvation caused further LC3-II accumulation in cells exposed to chloroquine, which inhibits the degradative step in autophagy. In addition, Gal-3 low/negative tumor cells accumulated more LC3-II than Gal-3 high tumor cells in vivo. Resistance of Gal-3low/negative cells was associated with increased production of superoxide and activation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress response, as evaluated by accumulation of GRP78. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy with bafilomycin A reversed the relative resistance of Gal-3low/negative cells to vemurafenib treatment. Taken together, these results show that the autophagic flux is dependent on Gal-3 levels, which attenuate the prosurvival role of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Odete Bustos
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata de Freitas Saito
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Damas Gil
- Laboratory of Histology, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bertolli Zanatta
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Chammas
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Intracellular galectin-7 expression in cancer cells results from an autocrine transcriptional mechanism and endocytosis of extracellular galectin-7. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187194. [PMID: 29117220 PMCID: PMC5678874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-galactoside binding protein galectin-7 (gal-7) is constitutively expressed at abnormally high levels in the outside milieu and intracellular compartments of many types of epithelial cancer cells, most notably in aggressive forms of ovarian and breast cancer. It is thus of utmost importance to understand how gal-7 traffics between both intracellular and extracellular compartments to develop novel drugs that target the protumorigenic functions of galectin-7. In the present work, we report that extracellular gal-7 plays a central role in controlling intracellular gal-7 in cells. It does so via two distinct yet complementary mechanisms: firstly by increasing the transcriptional activation of lgals7 gene transcription, and secondly via re-entry into the cells. Increased mRNA levels were dose- and time-dependent and occur in all cell lines tested, including ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. Addition of recombinant gal-7 to MDA-MB-231 transfected with a luciferase reporter vector containing response elements of the lgals7 promoter indicated that increased mRNA level of lgals7 occurs via de novo gene transcription. Re-entry of extracellular gal-7 inside cells was rapid, and reached cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments. Taken together, these findings reveal the existence of a positive self-amplification pathway that regulates intracellular gal-7 expression in breast and ovarian cancer cells.
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Manzoni F, Saraboji K, Sprenger J, Kumar R, Noresson AL, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Fisher SZ, Schrader TE, Ostermann A, Coates L, Blakeley MP, Oksanen E, Logan DT. Perdeuteration, crystallization, data collection and comparison of five neutron diffraction data sets of complexes of human galectin-3C. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2016; 72:1194-1202. [PMID: 27841752 PMCID: PMC5108347 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798316015540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is an important protein in molecular signalling events involving carbohydrate recognition, and an understanding of the hydrogen-bonding patterns in the carbohydrate-binding site of its C-terminal domain (galectin-3C) is important for the development of new potent inhibitors. The authors are studying these patterns using neutron crystallography. Here, the production of perdeuterated human galectin-3C and successive improvement in crystal size by the development of a crystal-growth protocol involving feeding of the crystallization drops are described. The larger crystals resulted in improved data quality and reduced data-collection times. Furthermore, protocols for complete removal of the lactose that is necessary for the production of large crystals of apo galectin-3C suitable for neutron diffraction are described. Five data sets have been collected at three different neutron sources from galectin-3C crystals of various volumes. It was possible to merge two of these to generate an almost complete neutron data set for the galectin-3C-lactose complex. These data sets provide insights into the crystal volumes and data-collection times necessary for the same system at sources with different technologies and data-collection strategies, and these insights are applicable to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Manzoni
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kadhirvel Saraboji
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Janina Sprenger
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann-Louise Noresson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - S. Zoë Fisher
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Tobias E. Schrader
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Ostermann
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Leighton Coates
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Esko Oksanen
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Derek T. Logan
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Liu H, Fang S, Wang W, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Liao H, Yao H, Chao J. Macrophage-derived MCPIP1 mediates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis via autophagy. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:55. [PMID: 27782836 PMCID: PMC5078901 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silicosis is characterized by accumulation of fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) plays a critical role in fibrosis induced by SiO2. However, the details of the downstream events of MCPIP1 activity in pulmonary fibrosis remain unclear. To elucidate the role of MCPIP1-induced autophagy in SiO2-induced fibrosis, both the upstream molecular mechanisms and the functional effects of SiO2 on cell apoptosis, proliferation and migration were investigated. Results Experiments using primary cultures of alveolar macrophages from healthy donors and silicosis patients as well as differentiated U937 macrophages demonstrated the following results: 1) SiO2 induced macrophage autophagy in association with enhanced expression of MCPIP1; 2) autophagy promoted apoptosis and activation of macrophages exposed to SiO2, and these events induced the development of silicosis; 3) MCPIP1 facilitated macrophage apoptosis and activation via p53 signaling-mediated autophagy; and 4) SiO2-activated macrophages promoted the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts via the MCPIP1/p53-mediated autophagy pathway. Conclusions Our results elucidated a link between SiO2-induced fibrosis and MCPIP1/p53 signaling-mediated autophagy. These findings provide novel insight into the potential targeting of MCPIP1 or autophagy in the development of potential therapeutic strategies for silicosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0167-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.,Neurobiology Laboratory, New Drug Screening Centre, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Shencun Fang
- Nine Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Nine Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yusi Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yingming Zhang
- Nine Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Neurobiology Laboratory, New Drug Screening Centre, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China. .,Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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24
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Bauer PM, Zalis MC, Abdshill H, Deierborg T, Johansson F, Englund-Johansson U. Inflamed In Vitro Retina: Cytotoxic Neuroinflammation and Galectin-3 Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161723. [PMID: 27612287 PMCID: PMC5017668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease progression in retinal neurodegeneration is strongly correlated to immune cell activation, which may have either a neuroprotective or neurotoxic effect. Increased knowledge about the immune response profile and retinal neurodegeneration may lead to candidate targets for treatments. Therefore, we have used the explanted retina as a model to explore the immune response and expression of the immune modulator galectin-3 (Gal-3), induced by the cultivation per se and after additional immune stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and how this correlates with retinal neurotoxicity. Methods Post-natal mouse retinas were cultured in a defined medium. One group was stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml, 24 h). Retinal architecture, apoptotic cell death, and micro- and macroglial activity were studied at the time of cultivation (0 days in vitro (DIV)) and at 3, 4 and 7 DIV using morphological staining, biochemical- and immunohistochemical techniques. Results Our results show that sustained activation of macro- and microglia, characterized by no detectable cytokine release and limited expression of Gal-3, is not further inducing apoptosis additional to the axotomy-induced apoptosis in innermost nuclear layer. An elevated immune response was detected after LPS stimulation, as demonstrated primarily by release of immune mediators (i.e. interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-6, KC/GRO (also known as CLCX1) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), increased numbers of microglia displaying morphologies of late activation stages as well as Gal-3 expression. This was accompanied with increased apoptosis in the two additional nuclear layers, and damage to retinal gross architecture. Conclusion We demonstrate that an immune response characterized by sustained and increased release of cytokines, along with an increase in Gal-3 expression, is accompanied by significant increased neurotoxicity in the explanted retina. Further investigations using the current setting may lead to increased understanding on the mechanisms involved in neuronal loss in retinal neurodegenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Maximilian Bauer
- Dept. of Biology, Sec. Functional Zoology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Dept. Clinical Sciences in Lund, Div. Ophthalmology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marina Castro Zalis
- Dept. Clinical Sciences in Lund, Div. Ophthalmology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hodan Abdshill
- Dept. Clinical Sciences in Lund, Div. Ophthalmology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Dept. Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Johansson
- Dept. of Biology, Sec. Functional Zoology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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25
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Nuclear repartitioning of galectin-1 by an extracellular glycan switch regulates mammary morphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4820-7. [PMID: 27496330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609135113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis in the mammary gland is achieved by the migration of epithelial cells through a microenvironment consisting of stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we show that galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous lectin that recognizes glycans bearing N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) epitopes, induces branching migration of mammary epithelia in vivo, ex vivo, and in 3D organotypic cultures. Surprisingly, Gal-1's effects on mammary patterning were independent of its glycan-binding ability and instead required localization within the nuclei of mammary epithelia. Nuclear translocation of Gal-1, in turn, was regulated by discrete cell-surface glycans restricted to the front of the mammary end buds. Specifically, α2,6-sialylation of terminal LacNAc residues in the end buds masked Gal-1 ligands, thereby liberating the protein for nuclear translocation. Within mammary epithelia, Gal-1 localized within nuclear Gemini bodies and drove epithelial invasiveness. Conversely, unsialylated LacNAc glycans, enriched in the epithelial ducts, sequestered Gal-1 in the extracellular environment, ultimately attenuating invasive potential. We also found that malignant breast cells possess higher levels of nuclear Gal-1 and α2,6-SA and lower levels of LacNAc than nonmalignant cells in culture and in vivo and that nuclear localization of Gal-1 promotes a transformed phenotype. Our findings suggest that differential glycosylation at the level of tissue microanatomy regulates the nuclear function of Gal-1 in the context of mammary gland morphogenesis and in cancer progression.
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26
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Lepur A, Kovačević L, Belužić R, Vugrek O. Combining Unique Multiplex Gateway Cloning and Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) for High-Throughput Screening of Protein-Protein Interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:1100-1111. [PMID: 27455993 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116659438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein interaction networks are the basis for human metabolic and signaling systems. Interaction studies often use bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) to reveal the formation and cellular localization of protein complexes. However, large-scale studies were either far from native conditions in human cells or limited by laborious restriction/ligation cloning techniques. Here, we describe a new tool for protein interaction screening based on Gateway-compatible BiFC vectors. We made a set of four new vectors that permit fusion of candidate proteins to the N or C fragment of Venus in all fusion positions. We have validated the vectors and confirmed self-association of AHCY, AHCYL1, and galectin-3. In a high-throughput BiFC screen, we identified new AHCY interaction partners: galectin-3 and PUS7L. We also describe additional steps in protein interaction analysis, applied for AHCY-galectin-3 interaction. First, we classified the interaction in intracellular vesicles using CellCognition, machine learning free software. Then we identified the vesicles as endosomal pathway compartments, in line with known galectin-3 trafficking route. This offers a platform to rapidly identify and localize new protein interactions inside living cells, a prerequisite to validate in silico interactome data, and ultimately decode complex protein networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lepur
- 1 Department for Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Kovačević
- 1 Department for Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Belužić
- 1 Department for Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oliver Vugrek
- 1 Department for Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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27
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Hu Y, Yéléhé-Okouma M, Ea HK, Jouzeau JY, Reboul P. Galectin-3: A key player in arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 84:15-20. [PMID: 27238188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Arthritis is more and more considered as the leading reason for the disability in the world, particularly regarding its main entities, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The common feature of arthritis is inflammation, which is mainly supported by synovitis (synovial inflammation), although the immune system plays a primary role in rheumatoid arthritis and a secondary one in osteoarthritis. During the inflammatory phase of arthritis, many pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators are secreted by infiltrating immune and resident joint cells, which are responsible for cartilage degradation and excessive bone remodeling. Amongst them, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, galectin-3, has been reported to be highly expressed and secreted by inflamed synovium of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients. Furthermore, galectin-3 has been demonstrated to induce joint swelling and osteoarthritis-like lesions after intra-articular injection in laboratory animals. However, the mechanisms underlying its pathophysiological role in arthritis have not been fully elucidated. This review deals with the characterization of arthritis features and galectin-3 and summarizes our current knowledge of the contribution of galectin-3 to joint tissue lesions in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- UMR 7365, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, IMoPA, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, Faculté de Médecine, 9, avenue de la Forêt-de-Haye, CS50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; Department of orthopedics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mélissa Yéléhé-Okouma
- UMR 7365, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, IMoPA, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, Faculté de Médecine, 9, avenue de la Forêt-de-Haye, CS50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; Département de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, CHRU de Nancy, 54035 Nancy, France
| | - Hang-Korng Ea
- Service de rhumatologie, Centre Viggo-Petersen, Pôle appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France; Inserm UMR-S 1132 Bioscar, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Jouzeau
- UMR 7365, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, IMoPA, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, Faculté de Médecine, 9, avenue de la Forêt-de-Haye, CS50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; Département de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, CHRU de Nancy, 54035 Nancy, France
| | - Pascal Reboul
- UMR 7365, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, IMoPA, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, Faculté de Médecine, 9, avenue de la Forêt-de-Haye, CS50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France.
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28
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Ippel H, Miller MC, Vértesy S, Zheng Y, Cañada FJ, Suylen D, Umemoto K, Romanò C, Hackeng T, Tai G, Leffler H, Kopitz J, André S, Kübler D, Jiménez-Barbero J, Oscarson S, Gabius HJ, Mayo KH. Intra- and intermolecular interactions of human galectin-3: assessment by full-assignment-based NMR. Glycobiology 2016; 26:888-903. [PMID: 26911284 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is an adhesion/growth-regulatory protein with a modular design comprising an N-terminal tail (NT, residues 1-111) and the conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD, residues 112-250). The chimera-type galectin interacts with both glycan and peptide motifs. Complete (13)C/(15)N-assignment of the human protein makes NMR-based analysis of its structure beyond the CRD possible. Using two synthetic NT polypeptides covering residues 1-50 and 51-107, evidence for transient secondary structure was found with helical conformation from residues 5 to 15 as well as proline-mediated, multi-turn structure from residues 18 to 32 and around PGAYP repeats. Intramolecular interactions occur between the CRD F-face (the 5-stranded β-sheet behind the canonical carbohydrate-binding 6-stranded β-sheet of the S-face) and NT in full-length galectin-3, with the sequence P(23)GAW(26)…P(37)GASYPGAY(45) defining the primary binding epitope within the NT. Work with designed peptides indicates that the PGAX motif is crucial for self-interactions between NT/CRD. Phosphorylation at position Ser6 (and Ser12) (a physiological modification) and the influence of ligand binding have minimal effect on this interaction. Finally, galectin-3 molecules can interact weakly with each other via the F-faces of their CRDs, an interaction that appears to be assisted by their NTs. Overall, our results add insight to defining binding sites on galectin-3 beyond the canonical contact area for β-galactosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sabine Vértesy
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dennis Suylen
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kimiko Umemoto
- Department of Chemistry, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cecilia Romanò
- Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tilman Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology Section, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Applied Tumor Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Kübler
- Mechanismen Biomolekularer Interaktionen, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Science Foundation, 28009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Abstract
Galectins, a family of β-galactoside binding proteins, do not possess a signalling sequence to enter the endoplasmic reticulum as a starting point for the classical secretory pathway. They use a so-called unconventional secretion mechanism for translocation across the plasma membrane and/or into the lumen of transport vesicles. The β-galactoside binding protein galectin-3 is highly expressed in a variety of epithelial cell lines. Polarized MDCK cells secrete this lectin predominantly into the apical medium. The lectin re-enters the cell by non-clathrin mediated endocytosis and passages through endosomal organelles. This internalized galectin-3 plays an important role in apical protein trafficking by directing the subcellular targeting of apical glycoproteins via oligomerization into high molecular weight clusters, a process that can be fine-tuned by changes in the environmental pH. Following release at the apical plasma membrane, the lectin can reenter the cell for another round of recycling and apical protein sorting. This review will briefly address galectin-3-functions in epithelia and focus on distinct phases in apical recycling of the lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellena Hönig
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schneider
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Jacob
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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30
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Johannes L, Parton RG, Bassereau P, Mayor S. Building endocytic pits without clathrin. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:311-21. [PMID: 25857812 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
How endocytic pits are built in clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis still remains poorly understood. Recent insight suggests that different forms of clathrin-independent endocytosis might involve the actin-driven focusing of membrane constituents, the lectin-glycosphingolipid-dependent construction of endocytic nanoenvironments, and Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain proteins serving as scaffolding modules. We discuss the need for different types of internalization processes in the context of diverse cellular functions, the existence of clathrin-independent mechanisms of cargo recruitment and membrane bending from a biological and physical perspective, and finally propose a generic scheme for the formation of clathrin-independent endocytic pits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery Group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France; and INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Robert G Parton
- University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Membrane and Cell Functions Group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR168, 75005 Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Cellular Organization and Signaling Group, and at Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, UAS-GKVK Campus, 560 065 Bangalore, India
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Gao X, Balan V, Tai G, Raz A. Galectin-3 induces cell migration via a calcium-sensitive MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2077-84. [PMID: 24809457 PMCID: PMC4039146 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and level of circulating galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of the galectin family, is associated with diverse diseases ranging from heart failure, immune disorders to cancer metastasis and serves as a biomarker of diagnosis and treatment response. However, the mechanisms by which exogenous Gal-3 affects pathobiology events remain elusive. In the current study, we found that exogenous Gal-3 slightly delays, while prolonging tyrosine phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in HeLa cells through a calcium-sensitive and PKC-dependent signaling pathway. The activation was dependent on the sugar-binding properties of Gal-3, since the antagonist lactose could inhibit it. The sugar-binding motif of Gal-3 was required for the activation of ERK1/2. The activation of ERK1/2 was necessary for the initiation and induction of cell migration associated with the phosphorylation of paxillin. All the results presented in this study suggest a novel calcium-sensitive and PKC-dependent pathway through which circulating Gal-3 promotes cell migration and activating the ERK1/2. Taken together, the data depicted here propose a biological function and a target for the diseases' associated circulating Gal-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Gao
- ¹Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. ²School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
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The role of Galectin-3 in α-synuclein-induced microglial activation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:156. [PMID: 25387690 PMCID: PMC4236422 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative motor disorder. The neuropathology is characterized by intraneuronal protein aggregates of α-synuclein and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra. Previous studies have shown that extracellular α-synuclein aggregates can activate microglial cells, induce inflammation and contribute to the neurodegenerative process in PD. However, the signaling pathways involved in α-synuclein-mediated microglia activation are poorly understood. Galectin-3 is a member of a carbohydrate-binding protein family involved in cell activation and inflammation. Therefore, we investigated whether galectin-3 is involved in the microglia activation triggered by α-synuclein. RESULTS We cultured microglial (BV2) cells and induced cell activation by addition of exogenous α-synuclein monomers or aggregates to the cell culture medium. This treatment induced a significant increase in the levels of proinflammatory mediators including the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β) and Interleukin-12 (IL-12). We then reduced the levels of galectin-3 expression using siRNA or pharmacologically targeting galectin-3 activity using bis-(3-deoxy-3-(3-fluorophenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-sulfane. Both approaches led to a significant reduction in the observed inflammatory response induced by α-synuclein. We confirmed these findings using primary microglial cells obtained from wild-type and galectin-3 null mutant mice. Finally, we performed injections of α-synuclein in the olfactory bulb of wild type mice and observed that some of the α-synuclein was taken up by activated microglia that were immunopositive for galectin-3. CONCLUSIONS We show that α-synuclein aggregates induce microglial activation and demonstrate for the first time that galectin-3 plays a significant role in microglia activation induced by α-synuclein. These results suggest that genetic down-regulation or pharmacological inhibition of galectin-3 might constitute a novel therapeutic target in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Lakshminarayan R, Wunder C, Becken U, Howes MT, Benzing C, Arumugam S, Sales S, Ariotti N, Chambon V, Lamaze C, Loew D, Shevchenko A, Gaus K, Parton RG, Johannes L. Galectin-3 drives glycosphingolipid-dependent biogenesis of clathrin-independent carriers. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:595-606. [PMID: 24837829 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several cell surface molecules including signalling receptors are internalized by clathrin-independent endocytosis. How this process is initiated, how cargo proteins are sorted and membranes are bent remains unknown. Here, we found that a carbohydrate-binding protein, galectin-3 (Gal3), triggered the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis of a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs). Super-resolution and reconstitution studies showed that Gal3 required GSLs for clustering and membrane bending. Gal3 interacted with a defined set of cargo proteins. Cellular uptake of the CLIC cargo CD44 was dependent on Gal3, GSLs and branched N-glycosylation. Endocytosis of β1-integrin was also reliant on Gal3. Analysis of different galectins revealed a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures, suggesting the existence of different CLIC populations. We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Lakshminarayan
- 1] Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France [2] CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France [3] INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France [4] [5]
| | - Christian Wunder
- 1] Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France [2] CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France [3] INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France [4] [5]
| | - Ulrike Becken
- 1] Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France [2] CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France [3] INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France [4] [5]
| | - Mark T Howes
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Carola Benzing
- Centre for Vascular Research, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Senthil Arumugam
- 1] Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France [2] CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France [3] INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Susanne Sales
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Valérie Chambon
- 1] Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France [2] CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France [3] INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France [4]
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- 1] CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France [2] INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France [3] Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France [4]
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Gaus
- Centre for Vascular Research, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ludger Johannes
- 1] Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery group, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France [2] CNRS UMR3666, 75005 Paris, France [3] INSERM U1143, 75005 Paris, France [4]
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Heilmann M, Wellner A, Gadermaier G, Ilchmann A, Briza P, Krause M, Nagai R, Burgdorf S, Scheurer S, Vieths S, Henle T, Toda M. Ovalbumin modified with pyrraline, a Maillard reaction product, shows enhanced T-cell immunogenicity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7919-28. [PMID: 24505139 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.523621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Maillard reaction (also referred to as "glycation") takes place between reducing sugars and compounds with free amino groups during thermal processing of foods. In the final stage of the complex reaction cascade, the so-called advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed, including proteins with various glycation structures. It has been suggested that some AGEs could have immunostimulatory effects. Here, we aimed to identify specific glycation structure(s) that could influence the T-cell immunogenicity and potential allergenicity of food allergens, using ovalbumin (OVA, an egg white allergen) as a model allergen. OVA was specifically modified with representative glycation structures: N(ε)-carboxymethyl lysine (CM-OVA), N(ε)-carboxyethyl lysine (CE-OVA), pyrraline (Pyr-OVA), or methylglyoxal-derived arginine derivatives (MGO-OVA). As well as AGE-OVA, a crude glycation product in thermal incubation of OVA with glucose, only Pyr-OVA, and not other modified OVAs, was efficiently taken up by bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells (BMDCs). The uptake of Pyr-OVA was reduced in scavenger receptor class A (SR-A)-deficient BMDCs, but not in cells treated with inhibitors of scavenger receptor class B, galectin-3, or blocking antibodies against CD36, suggesting that pyrraline binds to SR-A. Compared with other modified OVAs, Pyr-OVA induced higher activation of OVA-specific CD4(+) T-cells in co-culture with BMDCs. Furthermore, compared with native OVA, AGE-OVA and Pyr-OVA induced higher IgE production in mice. Pyrraline could induce better allergen uptake by DCs via association with SR-A and subsequently enhance CD4(+) T-cell activation and IgE production. Our findings help us to understand how Maillard reaction enhances the potential allergenicity of food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Heilmann
- From the Junior Research Group 1, "Experimental Allergy Models" and
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Vladoiu MC, Labrie M, St-Pierre Y. Intracellular galectins in cancer cells: potential new targets for therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1001-14. [PMID: 24452506 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of galectin expression is frequently observed in cancer tissues. Such an abnormal expression pattern often correlates with aggressiveness and relapse in many types of cancer. Because galectins have the ability to modulate functions that are important for cell survival, migration and metastasis, they also represent attractive targets for cancer therapy. This has been well-exploited for extracellular galectins, which bind glycoconjugates expressed on the surface of cancer cells. Although the existence of intracellular functions of galectins has been known for many years, an increasing number of studies indicate that these proteins can also alter tumor progression through their interaction with intracellular ligands. In fact, in some instances, the interactions of galectins with their intracellular ligands seem to occur independently of their carbohydrate recognition domain. Such findings call for a change in the basic assumptions, or paradigms, concerning the activity of galectins in cancer and may force us to revisit our strategies to develop galectin antagonists for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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36
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Abstract
The observations of the present study provide new evidence for the idea that the formation and composition of galectin-3 networks can be fine-tuned by changes in the environmental pH value.
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37
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Carlsson MC, Bengtson P, Cucak H, Leffler H. Galectin-3 guides intracellular trafficking of some human serotransferrin glycoforms. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28398-408. [PMID: 23926108 PMCID: PMC3784757 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.487793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transferrin internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and subsequent recycling after iron delivery has been extensively studied. Here we demonstrate a previously unrecognized parameter regulating this recycling, the binding of galectin-3 to particular glycoforms of transferrin. Two fractions of transferrin, separated by affinity chromatography based on their binding or not to galectin-3, are targeted to kinetically different endocytic pathways in HFL-1 cells expressing galectin-3 but not in SKBR3 cells lacking galectin-3; the SKBR3 cells, however, can acquire the ability to target these transferrin glycoforms differently after preloading with exogenously added galectin-3. In all, this study provides the first evidence of a functional role for transferrin glycans, in intracellular trafficking after uptake. Moreover, the galectin-3-bound glycoform increased in cancer, suggesting a pathophysiological regulation. These are novel aspects of transferrin cell biology, which has previously considered only a degree of iron loading, but not other forms of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Carlsson
- From the Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Per Bengtson
- the Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, 221 00 Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Cucak
- From the Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Hakon Leffler
- From the Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine and
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Straube T, von Mach T, Hönig E, Greb C, Schneider D, Jacob R. pH-dependent recycling of galectin-3 at the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Traffic 2013; 14:1014-27. [PMID: 23710780 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The β-galactoside binding protein galectin-3 is highly expressed in a variety of epithelial cell lines. Polarized MDCK cells secrete this lectin predominantly into the apical medium by non-classical secretion. Once within the apical extracellular milieu, galectin-3 can re-enter the cell followed by passage through endosomal organelles and modulate apical protein sorting. Here, we could show that galectin-3 is internalized by non-clathrin mediated endocytosis. Within endosomal organelles this pool associates with newly synthesized neurotrophin receptor in the biosynthetic pathway and assists in its membrane targeting. This recycling process is accompanied by transient interaction of galectin-3 with detergent insoluble membrane microdomains in a lactose- and pH-dependent manner. Moreover, in the presence of lactose, apical sorting of the neurotrophin receptor is affected following endosomal deacidification. Taken together, our results suggest that internalized galectin-3 directs the subcellular targeting of apical glycoproteins by membrane recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Straube
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35033, Marburg, Germany
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39
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Shin T. The pleiotropic effects of galectin-3 in neuroinflammation: a review. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:407-11. [PMID: 23305876 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The β-galactoside-binding lectin, galectin-3, is expressed in a variety of mammalian cells and tissues. It is involved in cell adhesion, activation, proliferation, apoptosis and cell migration. It also plays an important role in inflammation as a pro-inflammatory mediator. The involvement of galectin-3 in various inflammation models, including those of autoimmune disease, skin disease, and cancer, has been investigated extensively. Moreover, galectin-3 has been suggested to be a therapeutic target for various diseases. The present review deals with the expression of galectin-3 in central nervous system (CNS) tissues during normal development and in various models of inflammation. The available information indicates that galectin-3 is essential for normal brain development and plays diverse roles in CNS inflammation, combining pro-inflammatory roles with re-modeling capacity in damaged CNS tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Gao X, Liu D, Fan Y, Li X, Xue H, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Tai G. The two endocytic pathways mediated by the carbohydrate recognition domain and regulated by the collagen-like domain of galectin-3 in vascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52430. [PMID: 23300668 PMCID: PMC3530513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 plays an important role in endothelial morphogenesis and angiogenesis. We investigated the endocytosis of galectin-3 in human vascular endothelial cells and showed that galectin-3 could associate with and internalized into the cells in a carbohydrate-dependent manner. Our work also revealed that galectin-3 was transported to the early/recycling endosomes and then partitioned into two routes – recycling back to the plasma membrane or targeting to the late endosomes/lysosomes. Various N- and C-terminal truncated forms of galectin-3 were constructed and compared with the full-length protein. These comparisons showed that the carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-3 was required for galectin-3 binding and endocytosis. The N-terminal half of the protein, which comprises the N-terminal leader domain and the collagen-like internal repeating domain, could not mediate binding and endocytosis alone. The collagen-like domain, although it was largely irrelevant to galectin-3 trafficking to the early/recycling endosomes, was required for targeting galectin-3 to the late endosomes/lysosomes. In contrast, the leader domain was irrelevant to both binding and intracellular trafficking. The data presented in this study correlate well with different cellular behaviors induced by the full-length and the truncated galectin-3 and provide an alternative way of understanding its angiogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yuying Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Huiting Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yingyun Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Chung AW, Sieling PA, Schenk M, Teles RMB, Krutzik SR, Hsu DK, Liu FT, Sarno EN, Rea TH, Stenger S, Modlin RL, Lee DJ. Galectin-3 regulates the innate immune response of human monocytes. J Infect Dis 2012; 207:947-56. [PMID: 23255567 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin widely expressed on epithelial and hematopoietic cells, and its expression is frequently associated with a poor prognosis in cancer. Because it has not been well-studied in human infectious disease, we examined galectin-3 expression in mycobacterial infection by studying leprosy, an intracellular infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Galectin-3 was highly expressed on macrophages in lesions of patients with the clinically progressive lepromatous form of leprosy; in contrast, galectin-3 was almost undetectable in self-limited tuberculoid lesions. We investigated the potential function of galectin-3 in cell-mediated immunity using peripheral blood monocytes. Galectin-3 enhanced monocyte interleukin 10 production to a TLR2/1 ligand, whereas interleukin 12p40 secretion was unaffected. Furthermore, galectin-3 diminished monocyte to dendritic cell differentiation and T-cell antigen presentation. These data demonstrate an association of galectin-3 with unfavorable host response in leprosy and a potential mechanism for impaired host defense in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Chung
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
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Lepur A, Salomonsson E, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H. Ligand induced galectin-3 protein self-association. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21751-6. [PMID: 22549776 PMCID: PMC3381137 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c112.358002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many functions of galectin-3 entail binding of its carbohydrate recognition site to glycans of a glycoprotein, resulting in cross-linking thought to be mediated by its N-terminal noncarbohydrate-binding domain. Here we studied interaction of galectin-3 with the model glycoprotein asialofetuin (ASF), using a fluorescence anisotropy assay to measure the concentration of free galectin carbohydrate recognition sites in solution. Surprisingly, in the presence of ASF, this remained low even at high galectin-3 concentrations, showing that many more galectin-3 molecules were engaged than expected due to the about nine known glycan-based binding sites per ASF molecule. This suggests that after ASF-induced nucleation, galectin-3 associates with itself by the carbohydrate recognition site binding to another galectin-3 molecule, possibly forming oligomers. We named this type-C self-association to distinguish it from the previously proposed models (type-N) where galectin-3 molecules bind to each other through the N-terminal domain, and all carbohydrate recognition sites are available for binding glycans. Both types of self-association can result in precipitates, as measured here by turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering. Type-C self-association and precipitation occurred even with a galectin-3 mutant (R186S) that bound poorly to ASF but required much higher concentration (∼50 μm) as compared with wild type (∼1 μm). ASF also induced weaker type-C self-association of galectin-3 lacking its N-terminal domains, but as expected, no precipitation. Neither a monovalent nor a divalent N-acetyl-d-lactosamine-containing glycan induced type-C self-association, even if the latter gave precipitates with high concentrations of galectin-3 (>∼50 μm) in agreement with published results and perhaps due to type-N self-association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lepur
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Glycobiology (MIG) Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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