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Tsamou M, Roggen EL. Sex-associated microRNAs potentially implicated in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Brain Res 2024; 1829:148791. [PMID: 38307153 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset and pathology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) seem to be affected by both sex and genetic mechanisms. Evidence supports that the high prevalence of sAD in women, worldwide, may be attributed to an interplay among aging, sex, and lifestyle, influenced by genetics, metabolic changes, and hormones. Interestingly, epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNAs (miRNAs), known as master regulators of gene expression, may contribute to this observed sexual dimorphism in sAD. OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential impact of sex-associated miRNAs on processes manifesting sAD pathology, as described by the Tau-driven Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) leading to memory loss. METHODS Using publicly available human miRNA datasets, sex-biased miRNAs, defined as differentially expressed by sex in tissues possibly affected by sAD pathology, were collected. In addition, sex hormone-related miRNAs were also retrieved from the literature. The compiled sex-biased and sex hormone-related miRNAs were further plugged into the dysregulated processes of the Tau-driven AOP for memory loss. RESULTS Several miRNAs, previously identified as sex-associated, were implicated in dysregulated processes associated with the manifestation of sAD pathology. Importantly, the described pathology processes were not confined to a particular sex. A mechanistic-based approach utilizing miRNAs was adopted in order to elucidate the link between sex and biological processes potentially involved in the development of memory loss. CONCLUSIONS The identification of sex-associated miRNAs involved in the early processes manifesting memory loss may shed light to the complex molecular mechanisms underlying sAD pathogenesis in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsamou
- ToxGenSolutions (TGS), Oxfordlaan 70, 6229EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Erwin L Roggen
- ToxGenSolutions (TGS), Oxfordlaan 70, 6229EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Hung KC, Tien N, Bau DT, Yao CH, Chen CH, Yang JL, Lin ML, Chen SS. Let-7g Upregulation Attenuated the KRAS-PI3K-Rac1-Akt Axis-Mediated Bioenergetic Functions. Cells 2023; 12:2313. [PMID: 37759534 PMCID: PMC10527334 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of signaling pathways contributes to cancer cells with metabolic reprogramming. Thus, targeting signaling modulators is considered a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. Subcellular fractionation, coimmunoprecipitation, biochemical analysis, and gene manipulation experiments revealed that decreasing the interaction of kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) with p110α in lipid rafts with the use of naringenin (NGN), a citrus flavonoid, causes lipid raft-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-GTP-ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)-protein kinase B (Akt)-regulated metabolic dysfunction of glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), leading to apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. The use of lethal-7g (let-7g) mimic and let-7g inhibitor confirmed that elevated let-7g resulted in a decrease in KRAS expression, which attenuated the PI3K-Rac1-Akt-BCL-2/BCL-xL-modulated mitochondrial energy metabolic functions. Increased let-7g depends on the suppression of the RNA-specificity of monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) ribonuclease since NGN specifically blocks the degradation of pre-let-7g by NPC cell-derived immunoprecipitated MCPIP1. Converging lines of evidence indicate that the inhibition of MCPIP1 by NGN leads to let-7g upregulation, suppressing oncogenic KRAS-modulated PI3K-Rac1-Akt signaling and thereby impeding the metabolic activities of aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial OXPHOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chen Hung
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Army Force General Hospital, Taichung 41152, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- General Education Center, College of Humanities and General Education, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406053, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404394, Taiwan;
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Chan-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 26644, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Shun Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
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Gorący A, Rosik J, Szostak J, Szostak B, Retfiński S, Machaj F, Pawlik A. Improving mitochondrial function in preclinical models of heart failure: therapeutic targets for future clinical therapies? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:593-608. [PMID: 37477241 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2240021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome resulting from the unsuccessful compensation of symptoms of myocardial damage. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a process that occurs because of an attempt to adapt to the disruption of metabolic and energetic pathways occurring in the myocardium. This, in turn, leads to further dysfunction in cardiomyocyte processes. Currently, many therapeutic strategies have been implemented to improve mitochondrial function, but their effectiveness varies widely. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on new models of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function in the treatment of heart failure. EXPERT OPINION Therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria appear to be a valuable option for treating heart failure. Currently, the greatest challenge is to develop new research models that could restore the disrupted metabolic processes in mitochondria as comprehensively as possible. Only the development of therapies that focus on improving as many dysregulated mitochondrial processes as possible in patients with heart failure will be able to bring the expected clinical improvement, along with inhibition of disease progression. Combined strategies involving the reduction of the effects of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, appear to be a promising possibility for developing new therapies for a complex and multifactorial disease such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gorący
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Szostak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Szymon Retfiński
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Patel D, Thankachan S, Fawaz P P A, Venkatesh T, Prasada Kabekkodu S, Suresh PS. Deciphering the role of MitomiRs in cancer: A comprehensive review. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:118-130. [PMID: 37120081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate many metabolic and signal transduction pathways. The role of miRNAs, usually found in the cytoplasm, in regulating gene expression and cancer progression has been extensively studied in the last few decades. However, very recently, miRNAs were found to localize in the mitochondria. MiRNAs that specifically localize in the mitochondria and the cytoplasmic miRNAs associated with mitochondria that directly or indirectly modulate specific mitochondrial functions are termed as "mitomiRs". Although it is not clear about the origin of mitomiRs that are situated within mitochondria (nuclear or mitochondrial origin), it is evident that they have specific functions in modulating gene expression and regulating important mitochondrial metabolic pathways. Through this review, we aim to delineate the mechanisms by which mitomiRs alter mitochondrial metabolic pathways and influence the initiation and progression of cancer. We further discuss the functions of particular mitomiRs, which have been widely studied in the context of mitochondrial metabolism and oncogenic signaling pathways. Based on the current knowledge, we can conclude that mitomiRs contribute significantly to mitochondrial function and metabolic regulation, and that dysregulation of mitomiRs can aid the proliferation of cancer cells. Therefore, the less explored area of mitomiRs' biology can be an important topic of research investigation in the future for targeting cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Patel
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut-673601, Kerala, India
| | - Sanu Thankachan
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut-673601, Kerala, India
| | - Abu Fawaz P P
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipa1-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Thejaswini Venkatesh
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipa1-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmanaban S Suresh
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut-673601, Kerala, India.
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Challenging Cellular Homeostasis: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416152. [PMID: 36555797 PMCID: PMC9787707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules that act in post-transcriptional regulation in animals and plants. A mature miRNA is the end product of consecutive, highly regulated processing steps of the primary miRNA transcript. Following base-paring of the mature miRNA with its mRNA target, translation is inhibited, and the targeted mRNA is degraded. There are hundreds of miRNAs in each cell that work together to regulate cellular key processes, including development, differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, inflammation, viral infection, and more. In this review, we present an overlooked layer of cellular regulation that addresses cell dynamics affecting miRNA accessibility. We discuss the regulation of miRNA local storage and translocation among cell compartments. The local amounts of the miRNAs and their targets dictate their actual availability, which determines the ability to fine-tune cell responses to abrupt or chronic changes. We emphasize that changes in miRNA storage and compactization occur under induced stress and changing conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate shared principles on cell physiology, governed by miRNA under oxidative stress, tumorigenesis, viral infection, or synaptic plasticity. The evidence presented in this review article highlights the importance of spatial and temporal miRNA regulation for cell physiology. We argue that limiting the research to mature miRNAs within the cytosol undermines our understanding of the efficacy of miRNAs to regulate cell fate under stress conditions.
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Tsamou M, Carpi D, Pistollato F, Roggen EL. Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease- and Neurotoxicity-Related microRNAs Affecting Key Events of Tau-Driven Adverse Outcome Pathway Toward Memory Loss. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1427-1457. [PMID: 35213375 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A complex network of aging-related homeostatic pathways that are sensitive to further deterioration in the presence of genetic, systemic, and environmental risk factors, and lifestyle, is implicated in the pathogenesis of progressive neurodegenerative diseases, such as sporadic (late-onset) Alzheimer's disease (sAD). OBJECTIVE Since sAD pathology and neurotoxicity share microRNAs (miRs) regulating common as well as overlapping pathological processes, environmental neurotoxic compounds are hypothesized to exert a risk for sAD initiation and progression. METHODS Literature search for miRs associated with human sAD and environmental neurotoxic compounds was conducted. Functional miR analysis using PathDip was performed to create miR-target interaction networks. RESULTS The identified miRs were successfully linked to the hypothetical starting point and key events of the earlier proposed tau-driven adverse outcome pathway toward memory loss. Functional miR analysis confirmed most of the findings retrieved from literature and revealed some interesting findings. The analysis identified 40 miRs involved in both sAD and neurotoxicity that dysregulated processes governing the plausible adverse outcome pathway for memory loss. CONCLUSION Creating miR-target interaction networks related to pathological processes involved in sAD initiation and progression, and environmental chemical-induced neurotoxicity, respectively, provided overlapping miR-target interaction networks. This overlap offered an opportunity to create an alternative picture of the mechanisms underlying sAD initiation and early progression. Looking at initiation and progression of sAD from this new angle may open for new biomarkers and novel drug targets for sAD before the appearance of the first clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsamou
- ToxGenSolutions (TGS), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Donatella Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra VA, Italy
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MitomiRs: their roles in mitochondria and importance in cancer cell metabolism. Radiol Oncol 2021; 55:379-392. [PMID: 34821131 PMCID: PMC8647792 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2021-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play important roles in almost all biological pathways. They regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by binding to the 3’untranslated region (3’UTR) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). MitomiRs are miRNAs of nuclear or mitochondrial origin that are localized in mitochondria and have a crucial role in regulation of mitochondrial function and metabolism. In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the major sites of oxidative metabolism of sugars, lipids, amino acids, and other bio-macromolecules. They are also the main sites of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Conclusions In the review, we discuss the role of mitomiRs in mitochondria and introduce currently well studied mitomiRs, their target genes and functions. We also discuss their role in cancer initiation and progression through the regulation of mRNA expression in mitochondria. MitomiRs directly target key molecules such as transporters or enzymes in cell metabolism and regulate several oncogenic signaling pathways. They also play an important role in the Warburg effect, which is vital for cancer cells to maintain their proliferative potential. In addition, we discuss how they indirectly upregulate hexokinase 2 (HK2), an enzyme involved in glucose phosphorylation, and thus may affect energy metabolism in breast cancer cells. In tumor tissues such as breast cancer and head and neck tumors, the expression of one of the mitomiRs (miR-210) correlates with hypoxia gene signatures, suggesting a direct link between mitomiR expression and hypoxia in cancer. The miR-17/92 cluster has been shown to act as a key factor in metabolic reprogramming of tumors by regulating glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism. This cluster is deregulated in B-cell lymphomas, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and T-cell lymphomas, and is particularly overexpressed in several other cancers. Based on the current knowledge, we can conclude that there is a large number of miRNAs present in mitochondria, termed mitomiR, and that they are important regulators of mitochondrial function. Therefore, mitomiRs are important players in the metabolism of cancer cells, which need to be further investigated in order to develop a potential new therapies for cancer.
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8
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An Integrated Transcriptomic Approach to Identify Molecular Markers of Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115414. [PMID: 34063776 PMCID: PMC8196602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors are highly efficacious immunosuppressive agents used in pediatric kidney transplantation. However, calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity (CNIT) has been associated with the development of chronic renal allograft dysfunction and decreased graft survival. This study evaluated 37 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies from pediatric kidney transplant recipients using gene expression profiling. Normal allograft samples (n = 12) served as negative controls and were compared to biopsies exhibiting CNIT (n = 11). The remaining samples served as positive controls to validate CNIT marker specificity and were characterized by other common causes of graft failure such as acute rejection (n = 7) and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (n = 7). MiRNA profiles served as the platform for data integration. Oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction were the top molecular pathways associated with overexpressed genes in CNIT samples. Decreased ATP synthesis was identified as a significant biological function in CNIT, while key toxicology pathways included NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and increased permeability transition of mitochondria. An integrative analysis demonstrated a panel of 13 significant miRNAs and their 33 CNIT-specific gene targets involved with mitochondrial activity and function. We also identified a candidate panel of miRNAs/genes, which may serve as future molecular markers for CNIT diagnosis as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Garbern JC, Lee RT. Mitochondria and metabolic transitions in cardiomyocytes: lessons from development for stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:177. [PMID: 33712058 PMCID: PMC7953594 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods to differentiate cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) inadequately recapitulate complete development and result in PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) with an immature or fetal-like phenotype. Embryonic and fetal development are highly dynamic periods during which the developing embryo or fetus is exposed to changing nutrient, oxygen, and hormone levels until birth. It is becoming increasingly apparent that these metabolic changes initiate developmental processes to mature cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria are central to these changes, responding to these metabolic changes and transitioning from small, fragmented mitochondria to large organelles capable of producing enough ATP to support the contractile function of the heart. These changes in mitochondria may not simply be a response to cardiomyocyte maturation; the metabolic signals that occur throughout development may actually be central to the maturation process in cardiomyocytes. Here, we review methods to enhance maturation of PSC-CMs and highlight evidence from development indicating the key roles that mitochondria play during cardiomyocyte maturation. We evaluate metabolic transitions that occur during development and how these affect molecular nutrient sensors, discuss how regulation of nutrient sensing pathways affect mitochondrial dynamics and function, and explore how changes in mitochondrial function can affect metabolite production, the cell cycle, and epigenetics to influence maturation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Rodrigues SC, Cardoso RMS, Duarte FV. Mitochondrial microRNAs: A Putative Role in Tissue Regeneration. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120486. [PMID: 33371511 PMCID: PMC7767490 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most famous role of mitochondria is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, a metabolic pathway that involves a chain of four protein complexes (the electron transport chain, ETC) that generates a proton-motive force that in turn drives the ATP synthesis by the Complex V (ATP synthase). An impressive number of more than 1000 mitochondrial proteins have been discovered. Since mitochondrial proteins have a dual genetic origin, it is predicted that ~99% of these proteins are nuclear-encoded and are synthesized in the cytoplasmatic compartment, being further imported through mitochondrial membrane transporters. The lasting 1% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and synthesized by the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome). As a result, an appropriate regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis is absolutely required to achieve and maintain normal mitochondrial function. Regarding miRNAs in mitochondria, it is well-recognized nowadays that several cellular mechanisms involving mitochondria are regulated by many genetic players that originate from either nuclear- or mitochondrial-encoded small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs). Growing evidence collected from whole genome and transcriptome sequencing highlight the role of distinct members of this class, from short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Some of the mechanisms that have been shown to be modulated are the expression of mitochondrial proteins itself, as well as the more complex coordination of mitochondrial structure and dynamics with its function. We devote particular attention to the role of mitochondrial miRNAs and to their role in the modulation of several molecular processes that could ultimately contribute to tissue regeneration accomplishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia C. Rodrigues
- Exogenus Therapeutics, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal;
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe V. Duarte
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Jusic A, Devaux Y. Mitochondrial noncoding RNA-regulatory network in cardiovascular disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:23. [PMID: 32140778 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function and integrity are vital for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, particularly in high-energy demanding cells. Cardiomyocytes have a large number of mitochondria, which provide a continuous and bulk supply of the ATP necessary for cardiac mechanical function. More than 90% of the ATP consumed by the heart is derived from the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Decreased energy supply as the main consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The discovery of noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) in the mitochondrial compartment has changed the traditional view of molecular pathways involved in the regulatory network of CVD. Mitochondrial ncRNAs participate in controlling cardiovascular pathogenesis by regulating glycolysis, mitochondrial energy status, and the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the association between impaired mitochondrial function resulting from fluctuation in expression levels of ncRNAs and specific disease phenotype can aid in preventing and treating CVD. This review presents an overview of the role of mitochondrial ncRNAs in the complex regulatory network of the cardiovascular pathology. We will summarize and discuss (1) mitochondrial microRNAs (mitomiRs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) encoded either by nuclear or mitochondrial genome which are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism; (2) the role of mitomiRs and lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of several CVD such as hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, acute myocardial infarction and heart failure; (3) the biomarker and therapeutic potential of mitochondrial ncRNAs in CVD; (4) and the challenges inherent to their translation into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amela Jusic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B rue Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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Sekar D, Johnson J, Biruntha M, Lakhmanan G, Gurunathan D, Ross K. Biological and Clinical Relevance of microRNAs in Mitochondrial Diseases/Dysfunctions. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 39:1379-1384. [PMID: 31855060 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction arises from an inadequate number of mitochondria, an inability to provide necessary substrates to mitochondria, or a dysfunction in their electron transport and a denosine triphosphate synthesis machinery. Occurrences of mitochondrial dysfunction are due to genetic or environmental changes in the mitochondria or in the nuclear DNA that codes mitochondrial components. Currently, drug options are available, yet no treatment exists in sight of this disease and needs a new insight into molecular and signaling pathways for this disease. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, and noncoding RNAs function as a master regulator of gene expression. The evolution of miRNAs in the past two decades emerged as a key regulator of gene expression that controls physiological pathological cellular differentiation processes, and metabolic homeostasis such as development and cancer. It has been known that miRNAs are a potential biomarker in both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. But, in the case of mitochondrial dysfunction in miRNAs, the number of studies and investigations are comparatively less than those on other diseases and dysfunctions. In this review, we have elaborated the roles of miRNAs in the mitochondrial diseases and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Sekar
- Dental Research Cell and Biomedical Research Unit (DRC-BRULAC), Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Jayapriya Johnson
- Dental Research Cell and Biomedical Research Unit (DRC-BRULAC), Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - M Biruntha
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Ganesh Lakhmanan
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Deepa Gurunathan
- Department of Pedodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Toxopeus E, Lynam-Lennon N, Biermann K, Dickens G, de Ruiter PE, van Lanschot J, Reynolds JV, Wijnhoven B, O'Sullivan J, van der Laan L. Tumor microRNA-126 controls cell viability and associates with poor survival in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1210-1219. [PMID: 31390899 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219868671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma displays a poor prognosis and current treatments are often not curative. Pathological TNM-stage is a prognostic parameter, but a better understanding of the pathophysiology of esophageal adenocarcinoma is needed to better predict survival. Recent work in other malignancies indicated an important role for the regulator microRNA-126 (miR-126) in tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of miR-126 in esophageal adenocarcinoma and to correlate expression of miR-126 with tumor cell behavior and patient survival. Functional assays were performed in esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines (OE33) in vitro by overexpressing or antagonizing miR-126 and assessing cellular processes linked to the hallmarks of cancer. In vivo pre-treatment biopsies of 58 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery were analyzed for miR-126 expression in tumor cells by qRT-PCR and patient survival was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. In OE33 cancer cells, stable overexpression of miR-126 modest though significantly altered expression of genes related to cell death (MEK1) and DNA repair (POLB and TERF1) was observed. Also the secretion of the angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors, VEGF, IL-1β, and IL-6 were regulated by miR-126 ( P < 0.029). Importantly, miR-126 was found to be a regulator of cell viability in OE33 cells. Overexpressing ( P = 0.043) and antagonizing ( P = 0.035) miR-126 showed reciprocal effects on tumor cell viability and significantly regulated expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, TP53, and GATA6 ( P < 0.031). In patients, high levels of miR-126 expression in pre-treatment tumors were significantly associated with poor survival ( P = 0.031). In multivariable analysis, high miR-126 ( P = 0.038) together with ypN-stage ( P = 0.048) were shown to be independent risk factors for poor survival. In conclusion, high expression of miR-126 in esophageal adenocarcinoma prevents tumor-cell death and is associated with poor patient survival. This study warrants further analysis of miR-126 as biomarker or potential therapeutic target for OAC. Impact statement Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a common form of cancer of the esophagus. It has an increasing health impact as it is associated with very poor patient survival. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of this cancer is needed to identify better treatment strategies and to provide a better prognosis for these patients. MicroRNAs have emerged as important molecular regulators of cancer cell viability and proliferation. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of one very well established microRNA, miR-126, in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Our research shows clear experimental evidence that miR-126 controls cell viability of esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. High (over)expression of miR-126 increased the viability of these cells. Our preclinical data were shown to be clinically relevant for this field of oncology. In an independent validation study of esophageal adenocarcinoma biopsies, we confirmed that high miR-126 expression in tumor cells was an independent risk factor for poor patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Toxopeus
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, GD Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
| | - N Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Biermann
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, GD Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
| | - G Dickens
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, GD Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
| | - P E de Ruiter
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, GD Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
| | - Jjb van Lanschot
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, GD Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
| | - J V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bpl Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, GD Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
| | - J O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ljw van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, GD Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
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14
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Mitochondrial miR-762 regulates apoptosis and myocardial infarction by impairing ND2. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:500. [PMID: 31235686 PMCID: PMC6591419 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that act as negative regulators of gene expression, but how miRNAs affect mitochondrial function in the heart is unclear. Using a miRNA microarray assay, we found that miR-762 predominantly translocated in the mitochondria and was significantly upregulated upon anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) treatment. Knockdown of endogenous miR-762 significantly attenuated the decrease in intracellular ATP levels, the increase in ROS levels, the decrease in mitochondrial complex I enzyme activity and the increase in apoptotic cell death in cardiomyocytes, which was induced by A/R treatment. In addition, knockdown of miR-762 ameliorated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. Mechanistically, we showed that enforced expression of miR-762 dramatically decreased the protein levels of endogenous NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) but had no effect on the transcript levels of ND2. The luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-762 bound to the coding sequence of ND2. In addition, knockdown of endogenous ND2 significantly decreased intracellular ATP levels, increased ROS levels, reduced mitochondrial complex I enzyme activity and increased apoptotic cell death in cardiomyocytes, which was induced by A/R treatment. Furthermore, we found that the inhibitory effect of miR-762 downregulation was attenuated by ND2 knockdown. Thus, our findings suggest that miR-762 participates in the regulation of mitochondrial function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by ND2, a core assembly subunit of mitochondrial complex I. Our results revealed that mitochondrial miR-762, as a new player in mitochondrial dysfunction, may provide a new therapeutic target for myocardial infarction.
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15
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Thomas LW, Ashcroft M. Exploring the molecular interface between hypoxia-inducible factor signalling and mitochondria. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1759-1777. [PMID: 30767037 PMCID: PMC6453877 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is required for the survival of the majority of eukaryotic organisms, as it is important for many cellular processes. Eukaryotic cells utilize oxygen for the production of biochemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated from the catabolism of carbon-rich fuels such as glucose, lipids and glutamine. The intracellular sites of oxygen consumption-coupled ATP production are the mitochondria, double-membraned organelles that provide a dynamic and multifaceted role in cell signalling and metabolism. Highly evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanisms exist to sense and respond to changes in cellular oxygen levels. The primary transcriptional regulators of the response to decreased oxygen levels (hypoxia) are the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which play important roles in both physiological and pathophysiological contexts. In this review we explore the relationship between HIF-regulated signalling pathways and the mitochondria, including the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, biogenesis and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Thomas
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Margaret Ashcroft
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.
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16
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de la Cruz López KG, Toledo Guzmán ME, Sánchez EO, García Carrancá A. mTORC1 as a Regulator of Mitochondrial Functions and a Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1373. [PMID: 31921637 PMCID: PMC6923780 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous proliferation of tumor cells requires constant adaptations of energy metabolism to rapidly fuel cell growth and division. This energetic adaptation often comprises deregulated glucose uptake and lactate production in the presence of oxygen, a process known as the "Warburg effect." For many years it was thought that the Warburg effect was a result of mitochondrial damage, however, unlike this proposal tumor cell mitochondria maintain their functionality, and is essential for integrating a variety of signals and adapting the metabolic activity of the tumor cell. The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of numerous cellular processes implicated in proliferation, metabolism, and cell growth. mTORC1 controls cellular metabolism mainly by regulating the translation and transcription of metabolic genes, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1/2 (SREBP1/2), and hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α). Interestingly it has been shown that mTORC1 regulates mitochondrial metabolism, thus representing an important regulator in mitochondrial function. Here we present an overview on the role of mTORC1 in the regulation of mitochondrial functions in cancer, considering new evidences showing that mTORC1 regulates the translation of nucleus-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs that result in an increased ATP mitochondrial production. Moreover, we discuss the relationship between mTORC1 and glutaminolysis, as well as mitochondrial metabolites. In addition, mitochondrial fission processes regulated by mTORC1 and its impact on cancer are discussed. Finally, we also review the therapeutic efficacy of mTORC1 inhibitors in cancer treatments, considering its use in combination with other drugs, with particular focus on cellular metabolism inhibitors, that could help improve their anti neoplastic effect and eliminate cancer cells in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Griselda de la Cruz López
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Alejandro García Carrancá
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alejandro García Carrancá
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17
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Burgos-Aceves MA, Cohen A, Paolella G, Lepretti M, Smith Y, Faggio C, Lionetti L. Modulation of mitochondrial functions by xenobiotic-induced microRNA: From environmental sentinel organisms to mammals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:79-88. [PMID: 30015121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in energetic metabolism, signaling pathways, and overall cell viability. They are in the first line in facing cellular energy requirements in stress conditions, such as in response to xenobiotic exposure. Recently, a novel regulatory key role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in important signaling pathways in mitochondria has been proposed. Consequently, alteration in miRNAs expression by xenobiotics could outcome into mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species overexpression, and liberation of apoptosis or necrosis activating proteins. The aim of this review is to show the highlights about mitochondria-associated miRNAs in cellular processes exposed to xenobiotic stress in different cell types involved in detoxification processes or sensitive to environmental hazards in marine sentinel organisms and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Amit Cohen
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marilena Lepretti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Yoav Smith
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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18
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Kiyuna LA, Albuquerque RPE, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Ferreira JCB. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in heart failure: Challenges and opportunities. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:155-168. [PMID: 30227272 PMCID: PMC6309415 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by impaired bioenergetics, oxidative stress and aldehydic load is a hallmark of heart failure. Recently, different research groups have provided evidence that selective activation of mitochondrial detoxifying systems that counteract excessive accumulation of ROS, RNS and reactive aldehydes is sufficient to stop cardiac degeneration upon chronic stress, such as heart failure. Therefore, pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches targeting mitochondria detoxification may play a critical role in the prevention or treatment of heart failure. In this review we discuss the most recent findings on the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and aldehydic load in heart failure, highlighting the most recent preclinical and clinical studies using mitochondria-targeted molecules and exercise training as effective tools against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Akemi Kiyuna
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
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19
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Rong X, Sun-Waterhouse D, Wang D, Jiang Y, Li F, Chen Y, Zhao S, Li D. The Significance of Regulatory MicroRNAs: Their Roles in Toxicodynamics of Mycotoxins and in the Protection Offered by Dietary Therapeutics Against Mycotoxin-Induced Toxicity. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:48-66. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Rong
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences; The Univ. of Auckland; Private Bag Auckland 92019 New Zealand
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
- Shandong Inst. of Pomology; Taian Shandong 271000 P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Yilun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety of Shandong Province; Jinan Shandong 250100 P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
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20
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Lemcke H, David R. Potential mechanisms of microRNA mobility. Traffic 2018; 19:910-917. [PMID: 30058163 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are important epigenetic modulators of gene expression that control cellular physiology as well as tissue homeostasis, and development. In addition to the temporal aspects of miRNA-mediated gene regulation, the intracellular localization of miRNA is crucial for its silencing activity. Recent studies indicated that miRNA is even translocated between cells via gap junctional cell-cell contacts, allowing spatiotemporal modulation of gene expression within multicellular systems. Although non coding RNA remains a focus of intense research, studies regarding the intra-and intercellular mobility of small RNAs are still largely missing. Emerging data from experimental and computational work suggest the involvement of transport mechanisms governing proper localization of miRNA in single cells and cellular syncytia. Based on these data, we discuss a model of miRNA translocation that could help to address the spatial aspects of miRNA function and the impact of miRNA molecules on the intercellular signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Lemcke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert David
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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21
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HHV-6 encoded small non-coding RNAs define an intermediate and early stage in viral reactivation. NPJ Genom Med 2018; 3:25. [PMID: 30210807 PMCID: PMC6125432 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-018-0064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6A and 6B frequently acquires latency. HHV-6 activation has been associated with various human diseases. Germ line inheritance of chromosomally integrated HHV-6 makes viral DNA-based analysis difficult for determination of early stages of viral activation. We characterized early stages of HHV-6 activation using high throughput transcriptomics studies and applied the results to understand virus activation under clinical conditions. Using a latent HHV-6A cell culture model in U2OS cells, we identified an early stage of viral reactivation, which we define as transactivation that is marked by transcription of several viral small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in the absence of detectable increase in viral replication and proteome. Using deep sequencing approaches, we detected previously known as well as a new viral sncRNAs that characterized viral transactivation and differentiated it from latency. Here we show changes in human transcriptome upon viral transactivation that reflect multiple alterations in mitochondria-associated pathways, which was supported by observation of increased mitochondrial fragmentation in virus reactivated cells. Furthermore, we present here a unique clinical case of DIHS/DRESS associated death where HHV-6 sncRNA-U14 was abundantly detected throughout the body of the patient in the presence of low viral DNA. In this study, we have identified a unique and early stage of viral activation that is characterized by abundant transcription of viral sncRNAs, which can serve as an ideal biomarker under clinical conditions.
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22
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Tian ZQ, Jiang H, Lu ZB. MiR-320 regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting AKIP1. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:41. [PMID: 30181740 PMCID: PMC6114048 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs play important roles in regulation of the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this study was to investigate microRNA-320 (miR-320) expression in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the roles of miR-320 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting AKIP1 (A kinase interacting protein 1). Methods The level of miR-320 was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected via terminal dUTP nick end-labeling assay. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated via flow cytometry. Bioinformatics tools were used to identify the target gene of miR-320. The expression levels of AKIP1 mRNA and protein were detected via qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results Both the level of miR-320 and the rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis were substantially higher in the I/R group and H9c2 cells subjected to H/R than in the corresponding controls. Overexpression of miR-320 significantly promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas downregulation of miR-320 had an opposite effect. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-320 directly targets AKIP1. Moreover, knock down and overexpression of AKIP1 had similar effects on the H9c2 cells subjected to H/R. Conclusions miR-320 plays an important role in regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by I/R injury by targeting AKIP1 and inducing the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Tian
- 1Department of Cardiology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- 2Department of Cardiology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bing Lu
- 2Department of Cardiology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060 People's Republic of China
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23
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High content image analysis reveals function of miR-124 upstream of Vimentin in regulating motor neuron mitochondria. Sci Rep 2018; 8:59. [PMID: 29311649 PMCID: PMC5758812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical for neuronal function and their dysregulation is repeatedly observed in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we implemented high content image analysis for investigating the impact of several miRNAs in mouse primary motor neurons. This survey directed our attention to the neuron-specific miR-124, which controls axonal morphology. By performing next generation sequencing analysis and molecular studies, we characterized novel roles for miR-124 in control of mitochondria localization and function. We further demonstrated that the intermediate filament Vimentin is a key target of miR-124 in this system. Our data establishes a new pathway for control of mitochondria function in motor neurons, revealing the value of a neuron-specific miRNA gene as a mechanism for the re-shaping of otherwise ubiquitously-expressed intermediate filament network, upstream of mitochondria activity and cellular metabolism.
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24
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Venkatesh T, Hussain SA, Suresh PS. A tale of three RNAs in mitochondria: tRNA, tRNA derived fragments and mitomiRs. J Theor Biol 2017; 435:42-49. [PMID: 28888947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thejaswini Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, India.
| | - Shaharabhanu A Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, India
| | - Padmanaban S Suresh
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India.
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25
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Rivera-Barahona A, Fulgencio-Covián A, Pérez-Cerdá C, Ramos R, Barry MA, Ugarte M, Pérez B, Richard E, Desviat LR. Dysregulated miRNAs and their pathogenic implications for the neurometabolic disease propionic acidemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5727. [PMID: 28720782 PMCID: PMC5516006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNome expression profiling was performed in a mouse model of propionic acidemia (PA) and in patients’ plasma samples to investigate the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of the disease and to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. PA is a potentially lethal neurometabolic disease with patients developing neurological deficits and cardiomyopathy in the long-term, among other complications. In the PA mouse liver we identified 14 significantly dysregulated miRNAs. Three selected miRNAs, miR-34a-5p, miR-338-3p and miR-350, were found upregulated in brain and heart tissues. Predicted targets involved in apoptosis, stress-signaling and mitochondrial function, were inversely found down-regulated. Functional analysis with miRNA mimics in cellular models confirmed these findings. miRNA profiling in plasma samples from neonatal PA patients and age-matched control individuals identified a set of differentially expressed miRNAs, several were coincident with those identified in the PA mouse, among them miR-34a-5p and miR-338-3p. These two miRNAs were also found dysregulated in childhood and adult PA patients’ cohorts. Taken together, the results reveal miRNA signatures in PA useful to identify potential biomarkers, to refine the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this rare disease and, eventually, to improve the management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rivera-Barahona
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fulgencio-Covián
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Pérez-Cerdá
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ramos
- Genomic Facility, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Magdalena Ugarte
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Richard
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes R Desviat
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Geiger J, Dalgaard LT. Interplay of mitochondrial metabolism and microRNAs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:631-646. [PMID: 27563705 PMCID: PMC11107739 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles in cellular metabolism. Several crucial metabolic pathways such as the energy producing electron transport chain or the tricarboxylic acid cycle are hosted inside the mitochondria. The proper function of mitochondria depends on the import of proteins, which are encoded in the nucleus and synthesized in the cytosol. Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are short non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules with the ability to prevent messenger RNA (mRNA)-translation or to induce the degradation of mRNA-transcripts. Although miRNAs are mainly located in the cytosol or the nucleus, a subset of ~150 different miRNAs, called mitomiRs, has also been found localized to mitochondrial fractions of cells and tissues together with the subunits of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC); the protein complex through which miRNAs normally act to prevent translation of their mRNA-targets. The focus of this review is on miRNAs and mitomiRs with influence on mitochondrial metabolism and their possible pathophysiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Geiger
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Bldg. 28A1, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Louise T Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Bldg. 28A1, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
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27
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Wang W, Zhuang Q, Ji K, Wen B, Lin P, Zhao Y, Li W, Yan C. Identification of miRNA, lncRNA and mRNA-associated ceRNA networks and potential biomarker for MELAS with mitochondrial DNA A3243G mutation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41639. [PMID: 28139706 PMCID: PMC5282567 DOI: 10.1038/srep41639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers in the field of mitochondrial biology are increasingly unveiling of the complex mechanisms between mitochondrial dysfunction and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, roles of ncRNAs underlying mitochondrial myopathy remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to elucidate the regulating networks of dysregulated ncRNAs in Mitochondrial myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes (MELAS) with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) A3243G mutation, which might make contributions to the unveiling of the complex mechanisms underlying mitochondrial myopathy and, possibly, new tools applicable to clinical practice. Through high-throughput technology followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and bioinformatics analyses, for the first time, we found that the dysregulated muscle miRNAs and lncRNAs between 20 MELAS patients with mtDNA A3243G mutation and 20 controls formed complex regulation networks and participated in immune system, signal transduction, translation, muscle contraction and other pathways in discovery and training phase. Then, selected ncRNAs were validated in muscle and serum in independent validation cohorts by qRT-PCR. Finally, ROC curve analysis indicated reduced serum miR-27b-3p had the better diagnosis value than lactate and might serve as a novel, noninvasive biomarker for MELAS. Follow-up investigation is warranted to better understand roles of ncRNAs in mitochondrial myopathy pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Disorders and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianqian Zhuang
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Kunqian Ji
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Disorders and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Wen
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Disorders and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Disorders and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Disorders and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Disorders and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Disorders and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Brain Science Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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28
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Ostrowski LA, Saville BJ. Natural antisense transcripts are linked to the modulation of mitochondrial function and teliospore dormancy in Ustilago maydis. Mol Microbiol 2017; 103:745-763. [PMID: 27888605 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The basidiomycete smut fungus Ustilago maydis causes common smut of corn. This disease is spread through the production of teliospores, which are thick-walled dormant structures characterized by low rates of respiration and metabolism. Teliospores are formed when the fungus grows within the plant, and the morphological steps involved in their formation have been described, but the molecular events leading to dormancy are not known. In U. maydis, natural antisense transcripts (NATs) can function to alter gene expression and many NATs have increased levels in the teliospore. One such NAT is as-ssm1 which is complementary to the gene for the mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase (ssm1), an enzyme important to mitochondrial function. The disruption of ssm1 leads to cell lysis, indicating it is also essential for cellular viability. To assess the function of as-ssm1, it was ectopically expressed in haploid cells, where it is not normally present. This expression led to reductions in growth rate, virulence, mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption. It also resulted in the formation of as-ssm1/ssm1 double-stranded RNA and increased ssm1 transcript levels, but no change in Ssm1 protein levels was detected. Together, these findings suggest a role for as-ssm1 in facilitating teliospore dormancy through dsRNA formation and reduction of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Ostrowski
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9L 0G2
| | - Barry J Saville
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9L 0G2.,Forensic Science Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9L 0G2
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29
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Gao CK, Liu H, Cui CJ, Liang ZG, Yao H, Tian Y. Roles of MicroRNA-195 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Genet 2016; 95:99-108. [PMID: 27019437 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate microRNA-195 (miR-195) expression in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the roles of miR-195 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis though targeting Bcl-2. A mouse model of I/R injury was established. MiR- 195 expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. After cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal rats and transfected with miR-195 mimic or inhibitor, the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model was established. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated using flow cytometry. Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expressions were detected by RT-PCR. Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c (Cyt-c) protein levels were determined by Western blot. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities were assessed by luciferase assay. Compared with the sham group, miR-195 expression levels and rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis increased significantly in I/R group (both P < 0.05). Compared to H/R + negative control (NC) group, rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis increased in H/R + miR-195 mimic group while decreased in H/R + miR-195 inhibitor group (both P <0.05). MiR-195 knockdown alleviated the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (P <0.05). MiR-195 overexpression decreased Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression, increased BaxmRNA and protein expression, Cyt-c protein expression and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities (all P <0.05).While, downregulated MiR-195 increased Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression, decreased Bax mRNA and protein expression, Cyt-c protein expression and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities (all P < 0.05). Our study identified that miR-195 expression was upregulated in myocardial I/R injury, and miR-195 overexpression may promote cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting Bcl-2 and inducing mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kui Gao
- Department of Emergency, Longnan Hospital of Daqing, Daqing 163001, People's Republic of
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30
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Makhdoumi P, Roohbakhsh A, Karimi G. MicroRNAs regulate mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1635-1644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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31
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Lei Q, Liu X, Fu H, Sun Y, Wang L, Xu G, Wang W, Yu Z, Liu C, Li P, Feng J, Li G, Wu M. miR-101 reverses hypomethylation of the PRDM16 promoter to disrupt mitochondrial function in astrocytoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5007-22. [PMID: 26701852 PMCID: PMC4826261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous report identified PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), a member of the PR-domain gene family, as a new methylation associated gene in astrocytoma cells. This previous study also reported that miR-101 is a tumor suppressor in glioma. The present study confirms that PRDM16 is a hypomethylated gene that can be overexpressed in astrocytoma patients and demonstrates that the hypomethylation status of the PRDM16 promoter can predict poor prognoses for astrocytoma patients. The results reported herein show that PRDM16 was inhibited by miR-101 directly and also through epigenetic regulation. PRDM16 was confirmed as a new target of miR-101 and shown to be directly inhibited by miR-101. miR-101 also decreased the expression of PRDM16 by altering the methylation status of the PRDM16 promoter. miR-101 was associated with a decrease in the methylation-related histones H3K4me2 and H3K27me3 and an increase in H3K9me3 and H4K20me3 on the PRDM16 promoter. In addition, EZH2, EED and DNMT3A were identified as direct targets of miR-101, and miR-101 suppressed PRDM16 expression by targeting DNMT3A which decreases histone H3K27me3 and H3K4me2 at the PRDM16 core promoter. The results reported here demonstrate that miR-101 disrupted cellular mitochondrial function and induced cellular apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway; for example, MMP and ATP levels decreased, while there was an increase in ADP/ATP ratios and ROS levels, levels of cleaved Caspase-9 and cleaved-PARP, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratios, and Smac release from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. Knockdown of PRDM16 reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of miR-101 inhibition. In summary, miR-101 reversed the hypomethylation of the PRDM16 promoter which suppressed the expression of PRDM16, disrupted cellular mitochondrial function, and induced cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lei
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijuan Fu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yingnan Sun
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Chenzhou City, 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
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32
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miR-125b controls monocyte adaptation to inflammation through mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics. Blood 2016; 128:3125-3136. [PMID: 27702798 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-697003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes drive monocyte differentiation and fate. Although abnormal mitochondria metabolism and innate immune responses participate in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders, molecular events regulating mitochondrial activity to control life and death in monocytes remain poorly understood. We show here that, in human monocytes, microRNA-125b (miR-125b) attenuates the mitochondrial respiration through the silencing of the BH3-only proapoptotic protein BIK and promotes the elongation of the mitochondrial network through the targeting of the mitochondrial fission process 1 protein MTP18, leading to apoptosis. Proinflammatory activation of monocyte-derived macrophages is associated with a concomitant increase in miR-125b expression and decrease in BIK and MTP18 expression, which lead to reduced oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced mitochondrial fusion. In a chronic inflammatory systemic disorder, CD14+ blood monocytes display reduced miR-125b expression as compared with healthy controls, inversely correlated with BIK and MTP18 messenger RNA expression. Our findings not only identify BIK and MTP18 as novel targets for miR-125b that control mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics, respectively, but also reveal a novel function for miR-125b in regulating metabolic adaptation of monocytes to inflammation. Together, these data unravel new molecular mechanisms for a proapoptotic role of miR-125b in monocytes and identify potential targets for interfering with excessive inflammatory activation of monocytes in inflammatory disorders.
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33
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Beltrán-Anaya FO, Cedro-Tanda A, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Romero-Cordoba SL. Insights into the Regulatory Role of Non-coding RNAs in Cancer Metabolism. Front Physiol 2016; 7:342. [PMID: 27551267 PMCID: PMC4976125 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a complex disease originated from alterations in several genes leading to disturbances in important signaling pathways in tumor biology, favoring heterogeneity that promotes adaptability and pharmacological resistance of tumor cells. Metabolic reprogramming has emerged as an important hallmark of cancer characterized by the presence of aerobic glycolysis, increased glutaminolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis, as well as an altered mitochondrial energy production. The metabolic switches that support energetic requirements of cancer cells are closely related to either activation of oncogenes or down-modulation of tumor-suppressor genes, finally leading to dysregulation of cell proliferation, metastasis and drug resistance signals. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one important kind of molecules that can regulate altered genes contributing, to the establishment of metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, diverse metabolic signals can regulate ncRNA expression and activity at genetic, transcriptional, or epigenetic levels. The regulatory landscape of ncRNAs may provide a new approach for understanding and treatment of different types of malignancies. In this review we discuss the regulatory role exerted by ncRNAs on metabolic enzymes and pathways involved in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. We also review how metabolic stress conditions and tumoral microenvironment influence ncRNA expression and activity. Furthermore, we comment on the therapeutic potential of metabolism-related ncRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy O Beltrán-Anaya
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Cedro-Tanda
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine Mexico City, Mexico
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34
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Kim D, Thairu MW, Hansen AK. Novel Insights into Insect-Microbe Interactions-Role of Epigenomics and Small RNAs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1164. [PMID: 27540386 PMCID: PMC4972996 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that microbes form close associations with the vast majority of animal species, especially insects. In fact, an array of diverse microbes is known to form shared metabolic pathways with their insect hosts. A growing area of research in insect-microbe interactions, notably for hemipteran insects and their mutualistic symbionts, is to elucidate the regulation of this inter-domain metabolism. This review examines two new emerging mechanisms of gene regulation and their importance in host-microbe interactions. Specifically, we highlight how the incipient areas of research on regulatory "dark matter" such as epigenomics and small RNAs, can play a pivotal role in the evolution of both insect and microbe gene regulation. We then propose specific models of how these dynamic forms of gene regulation can influence insect-symbiont-plant interactions. Future studies in this area of research will give us a systematic understanding of how these symbiotic microbes and animals reciprocally respond to and regulate their shared metabolic processes.
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35
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Dietrich A, Wallet C, Iqbal RK, Gualberto JM, Lotfi F. Organellar non-coding RNAs: Emerging regulation mechanisms. Biochimie 2015; 117:48-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Srinivasan H, Das S. Mitochondrial miRNA (MitomiR): a new player in cardiovascular health. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:855-61. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of human morbidity and mortality in the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate gene expression and are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of heart diseases, but the translocation phenomenon and the mode of action in mitochondria are largely unknown. Recent mitochondrial proteome analysis unveiled at least 2000 proteins, of which only 13 are made by the mitochondrial genome. There are numerous studies demonstrating the translocation of proteins into the mitochondria and also translocation of ribosomal RNA (viz., 5S rRNA) into mitochondria. Recent studies have suggested that miRNAs contain sequence elements that affect their subcellular localization, particularly nuclear localization. If there are sequence elements that direct miRNAs to the nucleus, it is also possible that similar sequence elements exist to direct miRNAs to the mitochondria. In this review we have summarized most of the miRNAs that have been shown to play an important role in mitochondrial function, either by regulating mitochondrial genes or by regulating nuclear genes that are known to influence mitochondrial function. While the focus of this review is cardiovascular diseases, we also illustrate the role of mitochondrial miRNA (MitomiR) in the initiation and progression of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Our goal here is to summarize the miRNAs that are localized to the mitochondrial fraction of cells, and how these miRNAs modulate cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemalatha Srinivasan
- Department School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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37
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Dasgupta N, Peng Y, Tan Z, Ciraolo G, Wang D, Li R. miRNAs in mtDNA-less cell mitochondria. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15004. [PMID: 27551440 PMCID: PMC4979498 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel regulation mechanism in mtDNA-less cells was investigated. Very low mtDNA copy in mtDNA-less 206 ρ° cells was identified. But no 13 mitochondria-specific proteins were translated in 206 ρ° cells. Their mitochondrial respiration complexes V, III and II were 86.5, 29.4 and 49.6% of 143B cells, respectively. Complexes I and IV completely lack in 206 ρ° cells. Non-mitochondrial respiration to generate ATP in 206 ρ° cells was discovered. The expression levels of some mitochondrial RNAs including 12S rRNA, COX1, COX2, COX3, ND4 and ND5 were low. However, ND1, ND3 and Cyto b were not expressed in 206 ρ° cells. Unequal transcription of mitochondrial RNAs indicated the post-transcriptional cleavage and processing mechanisms in the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression in 206 ρ° cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may modulate these mitochondrial RNA expression in these cells. RNA-induced silencing complex indeed within 206 ρ° cell mitochondria indicated miRNAs in 206 ρ° cell mitochondria. miRNA profile in mtDNA-less 206 ρ° cells was studied by next-generation sequencing of small RNAs. Several mitochondria-enriched miRNAs such as miR-181c-5p and miR-146a-5p were identified in 206 ρ° cell mitochondria. miR-181c-5p and miR-146a-5p had 23 and 19 potential targets on mitochondrial RNAs respectively, and these two miRNAs had multiple targets on mitochondria-associated messenger RNAs encoded by nuclear genes. These data provided the first direct evidence that miRNAs were imported into mitochondria and regulated mitochondrial RNA expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dasgupta
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Y Peng
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Z Tan
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - G Ciraolo
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - D Wang
- Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology Department, Ohio State University College of Dentistry , 304 W. 12th, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - R Li
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
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38
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Nymark P, Wijshoff P, Cavill R, van Herwijnen M, Coonen MLJ, Claessen S, Catalán J, Norppa H, Kleinjans JCS, Briedé JJ. Extensive temporal transcriptome and microRNA analyses identify molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes in human lung cells. Nanotoxicology 2015; 9:624-35. [PMID: 25831214 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1017022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding toxicity pathways of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) has recently been brought forward as a key step in twenty-first century ENM risk assessment. Molecular mechanisms linked to phenotypic end points is a step towards the development of toxicity tests based on key events, which may allow for grouping of ENM according to their modes of action. This study identified molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in human bronchial epithelial BEAS 2B cells following exposure to one of the most studied multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Mitsui MWCNT-7). Asbestos was used as a positive control and a non-carcinogenic glass wool material was included as a negative fibre control. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP↓) was observed for MWCNTs at a biologically relevant dose (0.25 μg/cm(2)) and for asbestos at 2 μg/cm(2), but not for glass wool. Extensive temporal transcriptomic and microRNA expression analyses identified a 330-gene signature (including 26 genes with known mitochondrial function) related to MWCNT- and asbestos-induced MMP↓. Forty-nine of the MMP↓-associated genes showed highly similar expression patterns over time (six time points) and the majority was found to be regulated by two transcription factors strongly involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, APP and NRF1. In addition, four miRNAs were correlated with MMP↓ and one of them, miR-1275, was found to negatively correlate with a large part of the MMP↓-associated genes. Cellular processes such as gluconeogenesis, mitochondrial LC-fatty acid β-oxidation and spindle microtubule function were enriched among the MMP↓-associated genes and miRNAs. These results are expected to be useful in the identification of key events in ENM-related toxicity pathways for the development of molecular screening techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Nymark
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
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39
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Mitochondria in health, aging and diseases: the epigenetic perspective. Biogerontology 2015; 16:569-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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40
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Borralho PM, Rodrigues CMP, Steer CJ. microRNAs in Mitochondria: An Unexplored Niche. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 887:31-51. [PMID: 26662985 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22380-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal organelles involved in the regulation of a myriad of crucial biological processes, including cell survival and cell death, rendering mitochondrial dysfunction a relevant step in numerous pathophysiological processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that add a new layer of complexity to the control of gene expression. miRNAs function as master regulators and fine-tuners of gene expression, primarily via posttranscriptional mechanisms, and are increasingly demonstrated as a paramount class of endogenous molecules with relevant diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications. miRNAs and other RNA interference have recently been reported to be present in mitochondria from several species, and we are now beginning to unveil mitochondrial miRNA transport mechanisms, biological function and targets to ascertain their role in this unexplored niche. Here, we describe miRNA biogenesis and present key findings regarding miRNA localization to mitochondria, origin, putative biological function, and implications for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Borralho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Departments of Medicine, and Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, VFW Cancer Research Center, 406 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Borralho PM, Steer CJ, Rodrigues CMP. Isolation of mitochondria from liver and extraction of total RNA and protein: analyses of microRNA and protein expressions. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1241:9-22. [PMID: 25308484 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1875-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated the presence of microRNAs (miRNAs) within mitochondria, although the origin, as well as the biological function of these mitochondrially located miRNAs is largely unknown. The identification and significance of this subcellular localization is gaining increasing relevance to the pathogenesis of certain disease states. Here we describe the isolation of highly purified mitochondria from rat liver by differential centrifugation, followed by RNAse A treatment to eliminate contaminating RNA. The coupled extraction of total RNA and protein is a more efficient design for allowing the downstream evaluation of miRNA and protein expression in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Borralho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
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The Emerging Role of MitomiRs in the Pathophysiology of Human Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 888:123-54. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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43
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Chan B, Manley J, Lee J, Singh SR. The emerging roles of microRNAs in cancer metabolism. Cancer Lett 2015; 356:301–8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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MicroRNA regulation of cancer metabolism: role in tumour suppression. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt A:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Duarte FV, Palmeira CM, Rolo AP. The Role of microRNAs in Mitochondria: Small Players Acting Wide. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:865-86. [PMID: 25264560 PMCID: PMC4276918 DOI: 10.3390/genes5040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that act as post-transcriptional gene regulators. They can inhibit target protein-coding genes, through repressing messenger RNA (mRNA) translation or promoting their degradation. miRNAs were initially found to be originated from nuclear genome and exported to cytosol; where they exerted most of their actions. More recently, miRNAs were found to be present specifically in mitochondria; even originated there from mitochondrial DNA, regulating in a direct manner genes coding for mitochondrial proteins, and consequently mitochondrial function. Since miRNAs are recognized as major players in several biological processes, they are being considered as a key to better understand, explain, and probably prevent/cure not only the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases but also mitochondrial dysfunction and associated diseases. Here we review some of the molecular mechanisms purported for miRNA actions in several biological processes, particularly the miRNAs acting in mitochondria or in mitochondria-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
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46
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Jin LH, Wei C. Role of MicroRNAs in the Warburg Effect and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:7015-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.17.7015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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47
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Mitochondrial MicroRNAs and Their Potential Role in Cell Function. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Rivalin R, Lepinoux-Chambaud C, Eyer J, Savagner F. The NFL-TBS.40-63 anti-glioblastoma peptide disrupts microtubule and mitochondrial networks in the T98G glioma cell line. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98473. [PMID: 24896268 PMCID: PMC4045719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive therapies, including combinations of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, glioblastoma remains a highly aggressive brain cancer with the worst prognosis of any central nervous system disease. We have previously identified a neurofilament-derived cell-penetrating peptide, NFL-TBS.40-63, that specifically enters by endocytosis in glioblastoma cells, where it induces microtubule destruction and inhibits cell proliferation. Here, we explore the impact of NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide on the mitochondrial network and its functions by using global cell respiration, quantitative PCR analysis of the main actors directing mitochondrial biogenesis, western blot analysis of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits and confocal microscopy. We show that the internalized peptide disturbs mitochondrial and microtubule networks, interferes with mitochondrial dynamics and induces a rapid depletion of global cell respiration. This effect may be related to reduced expression of the NRF-1 transcription factor and of specific miRNAs, which may impact mitochondrial biogenesis, in regard to default mitochondrial mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Rivalin
- Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie & Transgenese, LNBT, UPRES EA-3143, Université d'Angers, Bâtiment IBS-IRIS, Angers, France
| | - Claire Lepinoux-Chambaud
- Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie & Transgenese, LNBT, UPRES EA-3143, Université d'Angers, Bâtiment IBS-IRIS, Angers, France
| | - Joël Eyer
- Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie & Transgenese, LNBT, UPRES EA-3143, Université d'Angers, Bâtiment IBS-IRIS, Angers, France
| | - Frédérique Savagner
- Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie & Transgenese, LNBT, UPRES EA-3143, Université d'Angers, Bâtiment IBS-IRIS, Angers, France
- CHU Angers, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Angers, France
- * E-mail:
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Procaccio V, Bris C, Chao de la Barca J, Oca F, Chevrollier A, Amati-Bonneau P, Bonneau D, Reynier P. Perspectives of drug-based neuroprotection targeting mitochondria. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2014; 170:390-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Welchen E, García L, Mansilla N, Gonzalez DH. Coordination of plant mitochondrial biogenesis: keeping pace with cellular requirements. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 4:551. [PMID: 24409193 PMCID: PMC3884152 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitochondria are complex organelles that carry out numerous metabolic processes related with the generation of energy for cellular functions and the synthesis and degradation of several compounds. Mitochondria are semiautonomous and dynamic organelles changing in shape, number, and composition depending on tissue or developmental stage. The biogenesis of functional mitochondria requires the coordination of genes present both in the nucleus and the organelle. In addition, due to their central role, all processes held inside mitochondria must be finely coordinated with those in other organelles according to cellular demands. Coordination is achieved by transcriptional control of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins by specific transcription factors that recognize conserved elements in their promoter regions. In turn, the expression of most of these transcription factors is linked to developmental and environmental cues, according to the availability of nutrients, light-dark cycles, and warning signals generated in response to stress conditions. Among the signals impacting in the expression of nuclear genes, retrograde signals that originate inside mitochondria help to adjust mitochondrial biogenesis to organelle demands. Adding more complexity, several nuclear encoded proteins are dual localized to mitochondria and either chloroplasts or the nucleus. Dual targeting might establish a crosstalk between the nucleus and cell organelles to ensure a fine coordination of cellular activities. In this article, we discuss how the different levels of coordination of mitochondrial biogenesis interconnect to optimize the function of the organelle according to both internal and external demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del LitoralSanta Fe, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del LitoralSanta Fe, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Elina Welchen and Daniel H. Gonzalez, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CC 242 Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina e-mail: ;
| | - Lucila García
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del LitoralSanta Fe, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del LitoralSanta Fe, Argentina
| | - Natanael Mansilla
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del LitoralSanta Fe, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del LitoralSanta Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniel H. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del LitoralSanta Fe, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del LitoralSanta Fe, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Elina Welchen and Daniel H. Gonzalez, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CC 242 Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina e-mail: ;
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