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Rai A, Patwardhan RS, Jayakumar S, Pachpatil P, Das D, Panigrahi GC, Gota V, Patwardhan S, Sandur SK. Clobetasol propionate, a Nrf-2 inhibitor, sensitizes human lung cancer cells to radiation-induced killing via mitochondrial ROS-dependent ferroptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1506-1519. [PMID: 38480835 PMCID: PMC11192725 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining radiotherapy with Nrf-2 inhibitor holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for radioresistant lung cancer. Here, the radiosensitizing efficacy of a synthetic glucocorticoid clobetasol propionate (CP) in A549 human lung cancer cells was evaluated. CP exhibited potent radiosensitization in lung cancer cells via inhibition of Nrf-2 pathway, leading to elevation of oxidative stress. Transcriptomic studies revealed significant modulation of pathways related to ferroptosis, fatty acid and glutathione metabolism. Consistent with these findings, CP treatment followed by radiation exposure showed characteristic features of ferroptosis in terms of mitochondrial swelling, rupture and loss of cristae. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death triggered by iron-dependent ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation. In combination with radiation, CP showed enhanced iron release, mitochondrial ROS, and lipid peroxidation, indicating ferroptosis induction. Further, iron chelation, inhibition of lipid peroxidation or scavenging mitochondrial ROS prevented CP-mediated radiosensitization. Nrf-2 negatively regulates ferroptosis through upregulation of antioxidant defense and iron homeostasis. Interestingly, Nrf-2 overexpressing A549 cells were refractory to CP-mediated ferroptosis induction and radiosensitization. Thus, this study identified anti-psoriatic drug clobetasol propionate can be repurposed as a promising radiosensitizer for Keap-1 mutant lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Rai
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sundarraj Jayakumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Pradnya Pachpatil
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Bio Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Dhruv Das
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Applied Genomics Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Girish Ch Panigrahi
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sejal Patwardhan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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2
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Yu X, Wang Y, Tan J, Li Y, Yang P, Liu X, Lai J, Zhang Y, Cai L, Gu Y, Xu L, Li Y. Inhibition of NRF2 enhances the acute myeloid leukemia cell death induced by venetoclax via the ferroptosis pathway. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:35. [PMID: 38238299 PMCID: PMC10796764 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Venetoclax, an inhibitor that selectively targets B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) that has been approved for treating adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in combination with hypomethylating agents. However, its short duration of response and emergence of resistance are significant issues. In this study, we found that the sensitivity of AML cells to venetoclax was considerably enhanced by ML385, an inhibitor of the ferroptosis factor nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Using AML samples, we verified that NRF2 and its target gene ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) were highly expressed in patients with AML and correlated with poor prognosis. Downregulation of NRF2 could inhibit FTH1 expression and significantly enhance the venetoclax-induced labile iron pool and lipid peroxidation. By contrast, NRF2 overexpression or administration of the reactive oxygen species inhibitor N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E could effectively suppress the anti-AML effects of ML385+venetoclax. Furthermore, the ferroptosis inducer erastin increased the anti-AML effects of venetoclax. Our study demonstrated that NRF2 inhibition could enhance the AML cell death induced by venetoclax via the ferroptosis pathway. Thus, the combination of ML385 with venetoclax may offer a favorable strategy for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio-engineering Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiaxiong Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Pengyue Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jing Lai
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Letong Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yinfeng Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ling Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yangqiu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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3
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Glorieux C, Enríquez C, González C, Aguirre-Martínez G, Buc Calderon P. The Multifaceted Roles of NRF2 in Cancer: Friend or Foe? Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:70. [PMID: 38247494 PMCID: PMC10812565 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiological concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play vital roles in various normal cellular processes, whereas excessive ROS generation is central to disease pathogenesis. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a critical transcription factor that regulates the cellular antioxidant systems in response to oxidative stress by governing the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes that shield cells from diverse oxidative alterations. NRF2 and its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) have been the focus of numerous investigations in elucidating whether NRF2 suppresses tumor promotion or conversely exerts pro-oncogenic effects. NRF2 has been found to participate in various pathological processes, including dysregulated cell proliferation, metabolic remodeling, and resistance to apoptosis. Herein, this review article will examine the intriguing role of phase separation in activating the NRF2 transcriptional activity and explore the NRF2 dual impacts on tumor immunology, cancer stem cells, metastasis, and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). Taken together, this review aims to discuss the NRF2 multifaceted roles in both cancer prevention and promotion while also addressing the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations associated with modulating NRF2 therapeutically in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Glorieux
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Cinthya Enríquez
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (C.E.); (C.G.); (G.A.-M.)
- Programa de Magister en Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Constanza González
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (C.E.); (C.G.); (G.A.-M.)
| | - Gabriela Aguirre-Martínez
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (C.E.); (C.G.); (G.A.-M.)
- Instituto de Química Medicinal, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (C.E.); (C.G.); (G.A.-M.)
- Instituto de Química Medicinal, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Research Group in Metabolism and Nutrition, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Tanwar S, Ghaemi B, Raj P, Singh A, Wu L, Yuan Y, Arifin DR, McMahon MT, Bulte JWM, Barman I. A Smart Intracellular Self-Assembling Bioorthogonal Raman Active Nanoprobe for Targeted Tumor Imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304164. [PMID: 37715297 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the principle of in situ self-assembly, the development of enzyme-activated molecular nanoprobes can have a profound impact on targeted tumor detection. However, despite their intrinsic promise, obtaining an optical readout of enzyme activity with high specificity in native milieu has proven to be challenging. Here, a fundamentally new class of Raman-active self-assembling bioorthogonal enzyme recognition (nanoSABER) probes for targeted tumor imaging is reported. This class of Raman probes presents narrow spectral bands reflecting their vibrational fingerprints and offers an attractive solution for optical imaging at different bio-organization levels. The optical beacon harnesses an enzyme-responsive peptide sequence, unique tumor-penetrating properties, and vibrational tags with stretching frequencies in the cell-silent Raman window. The design of nanoSABER is tailored and engineered to transform into a supramolecular structure exhibiting distinct vibrational signatures in presence of target enzyme, creating a direct causality between enzyme activity and Raman signal. Through the integration of substrate-specific for tumor-associated enzyme legumain, unique capabilities of nanoSABER for imaging enzyme activity at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels in combination with machine learning models are shown. These results demonstrate that the nanoSABER probe may serve as a versatile platform for Raman-based recognition of tumor aggressiveness, drug accumulation, and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Tanwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Behnaz Ghaemi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Piyush Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Aruna Singh
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Inc., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lintong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Dian R Arifin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Michael T McMahon
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Inc., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Inc., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
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5
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Lin L, Wu Q, Lu F, Lei J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhu N, Yu Y, Ning Z, She T, Hu M. Nrf2 signaling pathway: current status and potential therapeutic targetable role in human cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1184079. [PMID: 37810967 PMCID: PMC10559910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1184079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a borderless global health challenge that continues to threaten human health. Studies have found that oxidative stress (OS) is often associated with the etiology of many diseases, especially the aging process and cancer. Involved in the OS reaction as a key transcription factor, Nrf2 is a pivotal regulator of cellular redox state and detoxification. Nrf2 can prevent oxidative damage by regulating gene expression with antioxidant response elements (ARE) to promote the antioxidant response process. OS is generated with an imbalance in the redox state and promotes the accumulation of mutations and genome instability, thus associated with the establishment and development of different cancers. Nrf2 activation regulates a plethora of processes inducing cellular proliferation, differentiation and death, and is strongly associated with OS-mediated cancer. What's more, Nrf2 activation is also involved in anti-inflammatory effects and metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and multidrug resistance. Nrf2 is highly expressed in multiple human body parts of digestive system, respiratory system, reproductive system and nervous system. In oncology research, Nrf2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Therefore, certain natural compounds and drugs can exert anti-cancer effects through the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and blocking the Nrf2 signaling pathway can reduce some types of tumor recurrence rates and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy. However, Nrf2's dual role and controversial impact in cancer are inevitable consideration factors when treating Nrf2 as a therapeutic target. In this review, we summarized the current state of biological characteristics of Nrf2 and its dual role and development mechanism in different tumor cells, discussed Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and its downstream genes, elaborated the expression of related signaling pathways such as AMPK/mTOR and NF-κB. Besides, the main mechanism of Nrf2 as a cancer therapeutic target and the therapeutic strategies using Nrf2 inhibitors or activators, as well as the possible positive and negative effects of Nrf2 activation were also reviewed. It can be concluded that Nrf2 is related to OS and serves as an important factor in cancer formation and development, thus provides a basis for targeted therapy in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Feifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jiaming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Medical School of Facial Features, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ni Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Tonghui She
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Meichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Asha Parveen SM, Kami Reddy KR, Ummanni R. Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase - 1 expression is increased under tBHP-induced oxidative stress regulates nitric oxide production in PCa cells attenuates mitochondrial ROS-mediated apoptosis. Nitric Oxide 2023; 138-139:70-84. [PMID: 37423418 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1) expression is frequently elevated in different cancers including prostate cancer (PCa) and enhances nitric oxide (NO) production in tumor cells by metabolising endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors. DDAH1 protects the PCa cells from cell death and promotes survival. In this study, we have investigated the cytoprotective role of DDAH1 and determined the mechanism of DDAH1 in protecting the cells in tumor microenvironment. Proteomic analysis of PCa cells with stable overexpression of DDAH1 has identified that oxidative stress-related activity is altered. Oxidative stress promotes cancer cell proliferation, survival and causes chemoresistance. A known inducer of oxidative stress, tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (tBHP) treatment to PCa cells led to elevated DDAH1 level that is actively involved in protecting the PCa cells from oxidative stress induced cell damage. In PC3-DDAH1- cells, tBHP treatment led to higher mROS levels indicating that the loss of DDAH1 increases the oxidative stress and eventually leads to cell death. Under oxidative stress, nuclear Nrf2 controlled by SIRT1 positively regulates DDAH1 expression in PC3 cells. In PC3-DDAH1+ cells, tBHP induced DNA damage is well tolerated compared to wild-type cells while PC3-DDAH1- became sensitive to tBHP. In PC3 cells, tBHPexposure has increased the production of NO and GSH which may be acting as an antioxidant defence to overcome oxidative stress. Furthermore, in tBHP treated PCa cells, DDAH1 is controlling the expression of Bcl2, active PARP and caspase 3. Taken together, these results confirm that DDAH1 is involved in the antioxidant defence system and promotes cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakkarai Mohamed Asha Parveen
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Karthik Reddy Kami Reddy
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Tossetta G, Fantone S, Marzioni D, Mazzucchelli R. Role of Natural and Synthetic Compounds in Modulating NRF2/KEAP1 Signaling Pathway in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113037. [PMID: 37296999 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Prostate cancer can be treated by surgery or active surveillance when early diagnosed but, when diagnosed at an advanced or metastatic stage, radiation therapy or androgen-deprivation therapy is needed to reduce cancer progression. However, both of these therapies can cause prostate cancer resistance to treatment. Several studies demonstrated that oxidative stress is involved in cancer occurrence, development, progression and treatment resistance. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/KEAP1 (Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1) pathway plays an important role in protecting cells against oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and NRF2 activation can determine cell fate. In particular, toxic levels of ROS lead physiological cell death and cell tumor suppression, while lower ROS levels are associated with carcinogenesis and cancer progression. On the contrary, a high level of NRF2 promotes cell survival related to cancer progression activating an adaptive antioxidant response. In this review, we analyzed the current literature regarding the role of natural and synthetic compounds in modulating NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzucchelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Pathological Anatomy, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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8
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Soares S, Faria I, Aires F, Monteiro A, Pinto G, Sales MG, Correa-Duarte MA, Guerreiro SG, Fernandes R. Application of Gold Nanoparticles as Radiosensitizer for Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044122. [PMID: 36835538 PMCID: PMC9964626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 50% of all prostate cancer (PCa) patients are treated by radiotherapy (RT). Radioresistance and cancer recurrence are two consequences of the therapy and are related to dose heterogeneity and non-selectivity between normal and tumoral cells. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could be used as potential radiosensitizers to overcome these therapeutic limitations of RT. This study assessed the biological interaction of different morphologies of AuNPs with ionizing radiation (IR) in PCa cells. To achieve that aim, three different amine-pegylated AuNPs were synthesized with distinct sizes and shapes (spherical, AuNPsp-PEG, star, AuNPst-PEG, and rods, AuNPr-PEG) and viability, injury and colony assays were used to analyze their biological effect on PCa cells (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP) when submitted to the accumulative fraction of RT. The combinatory effect of AuNPs with IR decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis compared to cells treated only with IR or untreated cells. Additionally, our results showed an increase in the sensitization enhancement ratio by cells treated with AuNPs and IR, and this effect is cell line dependent. Our findings support that the design of AuNPs modulated their cellular behavior and suggested that AuNPs could improve the RT efficacy in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Soares
- ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BioMark@ISEP/CEB—Center of Biological Engineering of Minho University, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Faria
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Aires
- Radiotherapy Service, São João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Armanda Monteiro
- Radiotherapy Service, São João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Pinto
- Radiotherapy Service, São João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Goreti Sales
- ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Biomark@UC/CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Correa-Duarte
- CINBIO, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISGS), and Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 36310 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana G. Guerreiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Immunology of the University of Porto-IPATIMUP, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.G.G.); (R.F.)
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS) & Hospital Escola Fernando Pessoa (HEFP), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.G.G.); (R.F.)
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9
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Costantini E, Di Nicola M, Marchioni M, Aielli L, Reale M, Schips L. Effects of Curcumin and Lactoferrin to Inhibit the Growth and Migration of Prostatic Cancer Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16193. [PMID: 36498267 PMCID: PMC9737629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains one of the main causes of death for men worldwide. Despite recent advances in cancer treatment, patients develop resistance after an initial period of optimal efficacy. Nowadays, it is accepted that natural compounds can result in health benefits with a preventive or adjuvant effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin (CU), a bioactive compound in the spice turmeric, and lactoferrin (LF), a natural glycoprotein with immunomodulatory properties, on DU145 and PC3. Prostate cancer cells were cultured with and without LF (175 μM) and CU (2.5 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL), alone and in combination. Cell viability, migration ability, death receptors (DRs), and integrins (α3, β1) gene expression were evaluated, as well as human annexin V quantification and Akt phosphorylation. Differences among cells group, defined according to the treatment used, were assessed with ANOVA. The results showed that the effects of CU and LF are different between the two prostatic cell lines analyzed. In DU145, a reduction in cell proliferation and migration is reported both in the presence of single and combined treatments. In PC3 cells, there is a significant reduction in proliferation in the presence of CU alone, while the inhibition of migration is mainly related to the LF treatment and its combination with CU, compared to untreated cells. Moreover, the reduction in gene expression of integrins and Akt pathway activation were observed mostly in the presence of the CU and LF combination, including the upregulation of DR and annexin V levels, with greater significance for the DU145 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that CU and LF may have a potentially beneficial effect, mainly when administered in combination, leading to a reduction in cancer cells' aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Michele Marchioni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Lisa Aielli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Luigi Schips
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.D.N.); (L.S.)
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10
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Pszczółkowska B, Olejarz W, Filipek M, Tartas A, Kubiak-Tomaszewska G, Żołnierzak A, Życieńska K, Ginter J, Lorenc T, Brzozowska B. Exosome secretion and cellular response of DU145 and PC3 after exposure to alpha radiation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:639-650. [PMID: 36098819 PMCID: PMC9630248 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are spherical membrane nanovesicles secreted from cells, and they play an important role in tumor immune response, metastasis, angiogenesis, and survival. Studies investigating exosomes isolated from cells exposed to photon radiation commonly used in conventional radiotherapy demonstrate the influence of this type of radiation on exosome characteristics and secretion. There is currently no research investigating the effects of densely ionizing particles such as protons and alpha radiation on exosomes. Thus we have evaluated the cellular response of human prostate cancer cells exposed to 0, 2, and 6 Gy of alpha radiation emitted from the Am-241 source. Irradiated PC3 and DU145 cell lines, characterized by differences in radiosensitivity, were studied using apoptosis, LDH, and IL-6 assays. Additionally, the corresponding concentration and size of isolated exosomes were measured using NTA. We found that exposure to ionizing radiation resulted in gross changes in viability and cell damage. There were increased amounts of apoptotic or necrotic cells as a function of radiation dose. We demonstrated that irradiated PC3 cells secrete higher quantities of exosomes compared to DU145 cells. Additionally, we also found no statistical difference in exosome size for control and irradiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pszczółkowska
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093 Poland
| | - Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw, 02-097 Poland
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw, 02-097 Poland
| | - Mateusz Filipek
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093 Poland
| | - Adrianna Tartas
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093 Poland
| | - Grażyna Kubiak-Tomaszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw, 02-097 Poland
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw, 02-097 Poland
| | - Aleksandra Żołnierzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw, 02-097 Poland
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw, 02-097 Poland
| | - Katarzyna Życieńska
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093 Poland
| | - Józef Ginter
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093 Poland
| | - Tomasz Lorenc
- 1st Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubińskiego Street, Warsaw, 02-004 Poland
| | - Beata Brzozowska
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093 Poland
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11
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Rajput M, Mishra D, Kumar K, Singh RP. Silibinin Radiosensitizes EGF Receptor-knockdown Prostate Cancer Cells by Attenuating DNA Repair Pathways. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:170-181. [PMID: 36258717 PMCID: PMC9537578 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of radioresistance in prostate cancer (PCa) cells is a major obstacle in cancer therapy and contributes to the relapse of the disease. EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling plays an important role in the development of radioresistance. Herein, we have assessed the modulatory effects of silibinin on radiation-induced resistance via DNA repair pathways in EGFR-knockdown DU145 cells. shRNA-based silencing of EGFR was done in radioresistant human PCa DU145 cells and effects of ionizing radiation (IR) and silibinin were assessed using clonogenic and trypan blue assays. Furthermore, radiosensitizing effects of silibinin on PCa in context with EGFR were analyzed using flow cytometry, comet assay, and immunoblotting. Silibinin decreased the colony formation ability with an increased death of DU145 cells exposed to IR (5 Gray), with a concomitant decrease in Rad51 protein expression. Silibinin (25 μM) augmented the IR-induced cytotoxic effect in EGFR-knockdown PCa cells, along with induction of G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Further, we studied homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways in silibinin-induced DNA double-strand breaks in EGFR-knockdown DU145 cells. Silibinin down-regulated the expression of Rad51 and DNA-dependent protein kinase proteins without any considerable effect on Ku70 and Ku80 in IR-exposed EGFR-knockdown PCa cells. The pro-survival signaling proteins, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, phospho-Akt and phospho-STAT3 were decreased by silibinin in EGFR-deficient PCa cells. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of silibinin-induced radiosensitization of PCa cells by targeting DNA repair pathways, HR and NHEJ, and suppressing the pro-survival signaling pathways, ERK1/2, Akt and STAT3, in EGFR-knockdown PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Rajput
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepali Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunal Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana P. Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, New Delhi, India,Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,Correspondence to Rana P. Singh, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-7044
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12
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Buttari B, Arese M, Oberley-Deegan RE, Saso L, Chatterjee A. NRF2: A crucial regulator for mitochondrial metabolic shift and prostate cancer progression. Front Physiol 2022; 13:989793. [PMID: 36213236 PMCID: PMC9540504 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.989793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alterations are a common survival mechanism for prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Oxidative stress in the cellular and tumor microenvironment dictates metabolic switching in the cancer cells to adopt, prosper and escape therapeutic stress. Therefore, regulation of oxidative stress in tumor cells and in the tumor-microenvironment may enhance the action of conventional anticancer therapies. NRF2 is the master regulator for oxidative stress management. However, the overall oxidative stress varies with PCa clinical stage, metabolic state and therapy used for the cancer. In agreement, the blanket use of NRF2 inducers or inhibitors along with anticancer therapies cause adverse effects in some preclinical cancer models. In this review, we have summarized the levels of oxidative stress, metabolic preferences and NRF2 activity in the different stages of prostate cancer. We also propose condition specific ways to use NRF2 inducers or inhibitors along with conventional prostate cancer therapies. The significance of this review is not only to provide a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of NRF2 to regulate oxidative stress-mediated metabolic switching by prostate cancer cells to escape the radiation, chemo, or hormonal therapies, and to grow aggressively, but also to provide a potential therapeutic method to control aggressive prostate cancer growth by stage specific proper use of NRF2 regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rebecca E. Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘‘Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Arpita Chatterjee,
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13
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Gao Y, Chen B, Wang R, Xu A, Wu L, Lu H, Zhao G. Knockdown of RRM1 in tumor cells promotes radio-/chemotherapy induced ferroptosis by regulating p53 ubiquitination and p21-GPX4 signaling axis. Cell Death Discov 2022; 8:343. [PMID: 35915092 PMCID: PMC9343379 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a type of regulated cell death brought about by lipid peroxidation, has been discovered to suppress tumor growth. Here, we report that targeting RRM1 promotes ferroptosis and affects sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapeutics in cancer cells. In vitro experiments demonstrate that RRM1 increases the accumulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation by disrupting the activity and expression of the antioxidant enzyme GPX4. Further studies reveal the downstream mechanisms of RRM1, which can regulate the deubiquitinating enzyme USP11 and ubiquitinating enzyme MDM2 to affect the ubiquitination modification of p53. Unstable p53 then inhibited the activity and expression of GPX4 by restraining the p21 protein. Furthermore, our data reveal that targeting RRM1 also increases radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptotic signaling and causes crosstalk between ferroptosis and apoptosis. On the basis of our collective findings, we propose that RRM1 is an essential negative mediator of radiosensitivity through regulating ferroptosis, which could serve as a potential target to inhibit the tumor's antioxidant system and enhance the efficiency of radio/chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Chen
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruru Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - An Xu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huayi Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Guoping Zhao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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14
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5-Aminolevulinic acid overcomes hypoxia-induced radiation resistance by enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in prostate cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:350-363. [PMID: 35365766 PMCID: PMC9296661 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The naturally occurring amino acid 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) biosynthesised in the mitochondria. When accumulated PpIX is excited by light (wavelength of 625–635 nm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated. Here, we investigated whether 5-ALA may increase the sensitisation of prostate cancer (PCA) cells to radiotherapy through the generation of ROS via its metabolite, PpIX. Methods Effect of 5-ALA on PC-3 and DU-145 PCA cell lines treated with ionising radiation (IR) was examined in vitro and in vivo with assessment by clonogenic assay, mitochondrial function and ROS production under normoxia or hypoxia condition. Results 5-ALA enhanced intra-mitochondrial ROS production immediately after exposure to IR and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential via increase of intra-cellular PpIX. IR with 5-ALA induced mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ATP production, switching energy metabolism to the quiescence. Under hypoxic condition, ROS burst and mitochondrial dysfunction were induced by IR with 5-ALA resulting reducing cancer stemness and radiation resistance. Conclusion These results suggest that combined therapy with 5-ALA and radiation therapy is a novel strategy to improve the anti-cancer effects of radiation therapy for PCA.
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15
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Patwardhan RS, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Thioredoxin reductase: An emerging pharmacologic target for radiosensitization of cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 17:101341. [PMID: 35078017 PMCID: PMC8790659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel agents are required to increase the radiosensitivity of cancer and improve the outcome of radiotherapy. Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) reduce the oxidized cysteine thiols in several proteins, which regulate cellular redox, survival, proliferation, DNA synthesis, transcription factor activity and apoptosis. TrxR is essential for maintaining a conducive redox state for tumor growth, survival and resistance to therapy. Therefore, it is an appealing pharmacological target for the radiosensitization of tumors. Ionizing radiation (IR) is known to cause cytotoxicity through ROS, oxidative stress and DNA damage. Inhibition of thioredoxin system augments IR induced oxidative stress and potentiates cytotoxic effects. However, TrxR also regulates several critical cellular processes in normal cells. Here, we highlight the pre-clinical research and pharmacological studies to surmise possible utility of different TrxR inhibitors for radiosensitization. This review provides a succinct perspective on the role of TrxR inhibitors during the radiotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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16
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Redox-responsive nanoparticles enhance radiation therapy by altering multifaceted radio-resistance mechanisms in human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells and xenografts. Radiother Oncol 2022; 170:213-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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HACE1-mediated NRF2 activation causes enhanced malignant phenotypes and decreased radiosensitivity of glioma cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:399. [PMID: 34815381 PMCID: PMC8611003 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HACE1, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, is frequently inactivated and has been evidenced as a putative tumor suppressor in different types of cancer. However, its role in glioma remains elusive. Here, we observed increased expression of HACE1 in gliomas related to control subjects, and found a strong correlation of high HACE1 expression with poor prognosis in patients with WHO grade III and IV as well as low-grade glioma (LGG) patients receiving radiotherapy. HACE1 knockdown obviously suppressed malignant behaviors of glioma cells, while ectopic expression of HACE1 enhanced cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Further studies revealed that HACE1 enhanced protein stability of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) by competitively binding to NRF2 with another E3 ligase KEAP1. Besides, HACE1 also promoted internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated mRNA translation of NRF2. These effects did not depend on its E3 ligase activity. Finally, we demonstrated that HACE1 dramatically reduced cellular ROS levels by activating NRF2, thereby decreasing the response of glioma cells to radiation. Altogether, our data demonstrate that HACE1 causes enhanced malignant phenotypes and decreased radiosensitivity of glioma cells by activating NRF2, and indicate that it may act as the role of prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target in glioma.
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18
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Petrović N, Stanojković TP, Nikitović M. MicroRNAs in prostate cancer following radiotherapy: Towards predicting response to radiation treatment. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1543-1560. [PMID: 34348602 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210804085135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed male cancer worldwide. Early diagnosis of PCa, response to therapy and prognosis still represent a challenge. Nearly 60% of PCa patients undergo radiation therapy (RT) which might cause side effects. In spite of numerous researches in this field, predictive biomarkers for radiation toxicity are still not elucidated. MicroRNAs as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression are shown to be changed during and after irradiation. Manipulation with miRNA levels might be used to modulate response to RT-to reverse radioresistance-to induce radiosensitivity, or if needed, to reduce sensitivity to treatment to avoid side effects. In this review we have listed and described miRNAs involved in response to RT in PCa, and highlighted potential candidates for future biological tests predicting radiation response to RT, with the special focus on side effects of RT. Individual radiation response is a result of the interactions between physical characteristics of radiation treatment and biological background of each patient, and miRNA expression changes among others. According to described literature we concluded that let-7, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-146a, miR-155, and members of miR-17/92 cluster might be promising candidates for biological tests predicting radiosensitivity of PCa patients undergoing radiation treatment, and as future agents for modulation of radiation response. Predictive miRNA panels, especially for acute and late side effects of RT can serve as a starting point for decisions for individualized RT planning. We believe that this review might be one step closer to understanding molecular mechanisms underlying individual radiation response of patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Petrović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Health and Environment, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade. Serbia
| | - Tatjana P Stanojković
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade. Serbia
| | - Marina Nikitović
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade. Serbia
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19
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Macedo-Silva C, Benedetti R, Ciardiello F, Cappabianca S, Jerónimo C, Altucci L. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying prostate cancer radioresistance. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:125. [PMID: 34103085 PMCID: PMC8186094 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the mainstay treatments for prostate cancer (PCa), a highly prevalent neoplasm among males worldwide. About 30% of newly diagnosed PCa patients receive RT with a curative intent. However, biochemical relapse occurs in 20–40% of advanced PCa treated with RT either alone or in combination with adjuvant-hormonal therapy. Epigenetic alterations, frequently associated with molecular variations in PCa, contribute to the acquisition of a radioresistant phenotype. Increased DNA damage repair and cell cycle deregulation decreases radio-response in PCa patients. Moreover, the interplay between epigenome and cell growth pathways is extensively described in published literature. Importantly, as the clinical pattern of PCa ranges from an indolent tumor to an aggressive disease, discovering specific targetable epigenetic molecules able to overcome and predict PCa radioresistance is urgently needed. Currently, histone-deacetylase and DNA-methyltransferase inhibitors are the most studied classes of chromatin-modifying drugs (so-called ‘epidrugs’) within cancer radiosensitization context. Nonetheless, the lack of reliable validation trials is a foremost drawback. This review summarizes the major epigenetically induced changes in radioresistant-like PCa cells and describes recently reported targeted epigenetic therapies in pre-clinical and clinical settings. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Macedo-Silva
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy.,Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center at Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, F Bdg, 1st Floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cappabianca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center at Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, F Bdg, 1st Floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology at School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy.
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20
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Zhang P, Marill J, Darmon A, Mohamed Anesary N, Lu B, Paris S. NBTXR3 Radiotherapy-Activated Functionalized Hafnium Oxide Nanoparticles Show Efficient Antitumor Effects Across a Large Panel of Human Cancer Models. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2761-2773. [PMID: 33880022 PMCID: PMC8052129 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s301182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The side effects of radiotherapy induced on healthy tissue limit its use. To overcome this issue and fully exploit the potential of radiotherapy to treat cancers, the first-in-class radioenhancer NBTXR3 (functionalized hafnium oxide nanoparticles) has been designed to amplify the effects of radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thanks to its physical mode of action, NBTXR3 has the potential to be used to treat any type of solid tumor. Here we demonstrate that NBTXR3 can be used to treat a wide variety of solid cancers. For this, we evaluated different parameters on a large panel of human cancer models, such as nanoparticle endocytosis, in vitro cell death induction, dispersion, and retention of NBTXR3 in the tumor tissue and tumor growth control. RESULTS Whatever the model considered, we show that NBTXR3 was internalized by cancer cells and persisted within the tumors throughout radiotherapy treatment. NBTXR3 activated by radiotherapy was also more effective in destroying cancer cells and in controlling tumor growth than radiotherapy alone. Beyond the effects of NBTXR3 as single agent, we show that the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy treatment was improved when combined with NBTXR3. CONCLUSION These data support that NBTXR3 could be universally used to treat solid cancers when radiotherapy is indicated, opening promising new therapeutic perspectives of treatment for the benefit of many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bo Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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21
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Mahmoud NN, Aqabani H, Hikmat S, Abu-Dahab R. Colloidal Stability and Cytotoxicity of Polydopamine-Conjugated Gold Nanorods against Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:1299. [PMID: 33670890 PMCID: PMC7957783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Cell invasion is an important step in the process of cancer metastasis. Herein, gold nanorods (GNRs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated GNRs were conjugated with polydopamine (PDA). The PDA-nanoconjugates demonstrated excellent colloidal stability upon lyophilization and dispersion in cell culture media with or without the addition of fetal bovine albumin (FBS), compared to unconjugated GNRs. PDA-nanoconjugates exhibited a considerable cytotoxicity against DU-145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines over a concentration range of 48 μg/mL-12 μg/mL, while they were biocompatible over a concentration range of 3.0 μg/mL-0.185 μg/mL. Furthermore, PDA-nanoconjugates demonstrated possible anti-invasion activity towards prostate cancer cell lines, particularly DU-145 cell line, by reducing cell migration and cell adhesion properties. The PDA-nanoconjugates could be considered a promising nano-platform toward cancer treatment by reducing the invasion activity; it could also be considered a drug delivery system for chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf N. Mahmoud
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (H.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Hakam Aqabani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (H.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Suhair Hikmat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (H.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Rana Abu-Dahab
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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22
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Modulating the unfolded protein response with ONC201 to impact on radiation response in prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4252. [PMID: 33608585 PMCID: PMC7896060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men and a notable cause of cancer mortality when it metastasises. The unfolded protein response (UPR) can be cytoprotective but when acutely activated can lead to cell death. In this study, we sought to enhance the acute activation of the UPR using radiation and ONC201, an UPR activator. Treating PCa cells with ONC201 quickly increased the expression of all the key regulators of the UPR and reduced the oxidative phosphorylation, with cell death occurring 72 h later. We exploited this time lag to sensitize prostate cancer cells to radiation through short-term treatment with ONC201. To understand how priming occurred, we performed RNA-Seq analysis and found that ONC201 suppressed the expression of cell cycle and DNA repair factors. In conclusion, we have shown that ONC201 can prime enhanced radiation response.
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23
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Li M, Li Y, Xiong H, Jiang D, Li L, Huang H, Kang Y, Pang J. Reactive oxygen species and glutathione dual responsive nanoparticles for enhanced prostate cancer therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:111956. [PMID: 33812584 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX)-based chemotherapy of prostate cancer is still confronted with significant challenges due to insufficient drug accumulation at the tumor sites and the systemic side effects on normal cells and organs. Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanosized drug delivery systems have shown enormous potential to improve the anticancer efficacy and minimize the systemic side effects of chemotherapeutics. However, most of the currently redox-responsive nanoparticles respond only to single stimuli, which compromise the treatment effect. Hence, inspired by the abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells, we proposed a unique ROS and GSH dual responsive nanocarrier (PCL-SS) for DTX delivery. The DTX-loaded PCL-SS nanoparticles (PCL-SS@DTX NPs) were not only stable in a normal physiological environment but also rapidly triggered DTX release in prostate cancer cells. In vitro experiments showed that PCL-SS@DTX NPs had robust prostate cancer cell cytotoxicity, induced cell apoptosis, inhibited cell migration and invasion and exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility. In mice bearing orthotopic prostate cancer, PCL-SS@DTX NPs could accumulate in orthotopic tumor sites and then significantly weaken tumor growth by inhibiting prostate cancer cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis, without obvious damages to major organs. Overall, this dual responsive nanosized drug delivery system may act as a promising therapeutic option for prostate cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; Department of Urology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Mengxiong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yamei Li
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Haiyun Xiong
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Donggen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Lujing Li
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Yang Kang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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24
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Foster K, Oyenihi O, Rademan S, Erhabor J, Matsabisa M, Barker J, Langat MK, Kendal-Smith A, Asemota H, Delgoda R. Selective cytotoxic and anti-metastatic activity in DU-145 prostate cancer cells induced by Annona muricata L. bark extract and phytochemical, annonacin. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:375. [PMID: 33302945 PMCID: PMC7727144 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annona muricata L. was identified as a popular medicinal plant in treatment regimens among cancer patients in Jamaica by a previously conducted structured questionnaire. Ethnomedically used plant parts, were examined in this study against human prostate cancer cells for the first time and mechanisms of action elucidated for the most potent of them, along with the active phytochemical, annonacin. METHODS Nine extracts of varying polarity from the leaves and bark of A. muricata were assessed initially for cytotoxicity using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on PC-3 prostate cancer cells and the ethyl acetate bark (EAB) extract was identified as the most potent. EAB extract was then standardized for annonacin content using High-performance Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and shown to be effective against a second prostate cancer cell line (DU-145) also. The mode of cell death in DU-145 cells were assessed via several apoptotic assays including induction of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspases and annexin V externalization combined with morphological observations using confocal microscopy. In addition, the potential to prevent metastasis was examined via inhibition of cell migration, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenesis using the chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM). RESULTS Annonacin and EAB extract displayed selective and potent cytotoxicity against the DU-145 prostate carcinoma cells with IC50 values of 0.1 ± 0.07 μM and 55.501 ± 0.55 μg/mL respectively, without impacting RWPE-1 normal prostate cells, in stark contrast to chemotherapeutic docetaxel which lacked such selectivity. Docetaxel's impact on the cancerous DU-145 was improved by 50% when used in combination with EAB extract. Insignificant levels of intracellular ROS content, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, Caspase 3/7 activation, annexin V content, along with stained morphological evaluations, pointed to a non-apoptotic mode of cell death. The extract at 50 μg/mL deterred cell migration in the wound-healing assay, while inhibition of angiogenesis was displayed in the CAM and VEGF inhibition assays for both EAB (100 μg /mL) and annonacin (0.5 μM). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the standardized EAB extract and annonacin appear to induce selective and potent cell death via a necrotic pathway in DU-145 cells, while also preventing cell migration and angiogenesis, which warrant further examinations for mechanistic insights and validity in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Foster
- Natural Products Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
- Biotechnolgy Centre, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Omolola Oyenihi
- Pharmacology Department, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Sunelle Rademan
- Pharmacology Department, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Joseph Erhabor
- Pharmacology Department, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Motlalepula Matsabisa
- Pharmacology Department, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - Moses K Langat
- Jodrell Laboratory, Department of Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Amy Kendal-Smith
- Jodrell Laboratory, Department of Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | - Helen Asemota
- Biotechnolgy Centre, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Rupika Delgoda
- Natural Products Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
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25
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Saliev T, Baiskhanova D, Beznosko D, Begimbetova D, Umbayev B, Nurgozhin T, Fakhradiyev I, Tanabayev B, Pavalkis D. A New Insight on the Radioprotective Potential of Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E663. [PMID: 33266046 PMCID: PMC7760922 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The aim of the study was to scrutinize the ability of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) to prevent radiation-induced damage to human cells. Materials and Methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were exposed to ionizing radiation at three low doses (22.62 mGy, 45.27 mGy, and 67.88 mGy) in the presence of EACA at the concentration of 50 ng/mL. Results: EACA was able to prevent cell death induced by low-dose X-ray radiation and suppress the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). EACA also demonstrated a capacity to protect DNA from radiation-induced damage. The data indicated that EACA is capable of suppression of radiation-induced apoptosis. Comparative tests of antioxidative activity of EACA and a range of free radical scavengers showed an ability of EACA to effectively inhibit the generation of ROS. Conclusions: This study showed that the pretreatment of PBMCs with EACA is able to protect the cells from radiation-elicited damage, including free radicals' formation, DNA damage, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (T.N.); (I.F.)
| | - Dinara Baiskhanova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (D.B.); (D.B.); (B.U.)
| | | | - Dinara Begimbetova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (D.B.); (D.B.); (B.U.)
| | - Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (D.B.); (D.B.); (B.U.)
| | - Talgat Nurgozhin
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (T.N.); (I.F.)
| | - Ildar Fakhradiyev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (T.N.); (I.F.)
| | | | - Dainius Pavalkis
- NJSC “Astana Medical University”, Nur-sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
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26
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Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Behaviors of Prostate Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1269624. [PMID: 33062666 PMCID: PMC7538255 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1269624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), known as a heterogenous disease, has a high incidence and mortality rate around the world and seriously threatens public health. As an inevitable by-product of cellular metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit beneficial effects by regulating signaling cascades and homeostasis. More and more evidence highlights that PCa is closely associated with age, and high levels of ROS are driven through activation of several signaling pathways with age, which facilitate the initiation, development, and progression of PCa. Nevertheless, excessive amounts of ROS result in harmful effects, such as genotoxicity and cell death. On the other hand, PCa cells adaptively upregulate antioxidant genes to detoxify from ROS, suggesting that a subtle balance of intracellular ROS levels is required for cancer cell functions. The current review discusses the generation and biological roles of ROS in PCa and provides new strategies based on the regulation of ROS for the treatment of PCa.
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27
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Abbasi A, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Amiri A, Keshavarzi F, Nejabat N, Ramezani F, Sardarian A, Zal F. Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer Cells by Vitamin C plus Quercetin: role of Nrf2 in Inducing Oxidative Stress. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2003-2013. [PMID: 32924610 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1819346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of sequential treatment with Vitamin C (VC) and Quercetin (Q) on Nrf2-related oxidative stress in PC3 and DU145 cells, viability was measured by MTT assay. Intracellular ROS levels were determined, using 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent as a probe. Nrf2 gene expression was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Nrf2 protein levels were defined by western blot analysis. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) and hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) enzymes were measured. The IC50 values for VC + Q were 263.03-372.1 µM and 144.2-194.1 µM respectively and 200 µM VC + 50 µM Q (dose no.1) and 100 µM VC + 75 µM Q (dose no.2) were selected. Sequential treatment of PC3 cells led to a significant reduction of Nrf2 mRNA expression and protein levels in addition to a significant reduction of GPx, GR and NQO1 enzymatic activity. Although the data was slightly different for DU145 cells after the treatments, in terms of Nrf2 gene expression, we obtained the same results. Our study revealed the significant effects of sequential treatment with VC + Q on Nrf2 suppression in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Amiri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Keshavarzi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Nejabat
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Sardarian
- Orthodontic Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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28
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Argenziano M, Foglietta F, Canaparo R, Spagnolo R, Della Pepa C, Caldera F, Trotta F, Serpe L, Cavalli R. Biological Effect Evaluation of Glutathione-Responsive Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges: 2D and 3D Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122775. [PMID: 32560204 PMCID: PMC7355809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the bioeffects of glutathione-responsive β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (GSH-NSs) on two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. The bioeffects of two types of GSH-NS formulations, with low (GSH-NS B) and high (GSH-NS D) disulfide-bond content, were evaluated on 2D colorectal (HCT116 and HT-29) and prostatic (DU-145 and PC3) cancer cell cultures. In particular, the cellular uptake of GSH-NS was evaluated, as their effects on cell growth, mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity, cell cycle distribution, mRNA expression, and reactive oxygen species production. The effect of GSH-NSs on cell growth was also evaluated on multicellular spheroids (MCS) and a comparison of the GSH-NS cell growth inhibitory activity, in terms of inhibition concentration (IC)50 values, was performed between 2D and 3D cell cultures. A significant decrease in 2D cell growth was observed at high GSH-NS concentrations, with the formulation with a low disulfide-bond content, GSH-NS B, being more cytotoxic than the formulation with a high disulfide-bond content, GSH-NS D. The cell growth decrease induced by GSH-NS was owing to G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, a significant down-regulation of mRNA expression of the cyclin genes CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 and up-regulation of mRNA expression of the cyclin inhibitor genes CDKN1A and CDKN2A were observed. On the other hand, a significant decrease in MCS growth was also observed at high GSH-NS concentrations, but not influenced by the nanosponge disulfide-bond content, with the MCS IC50 values being significantly higher than those obtained on 2D cell cultures. GSH-NSs are suitable nanocarries as they provoke limited cellular effects, as cell cycle arrest only occurred at concentrations significantly higher than those used for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (F.F.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (C.D.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (F.F.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (C.D.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (F.F.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (C.D.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Rita Spagnolo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (F.F.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (C.D.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Carlo Della Pepa
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (F.F.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (C.D.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (F.F.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (C.D.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (F.F.); (R.C.); (R.S.); (C.D.P.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-7190; Fax: +39-011-670-7162
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29
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Chaves FM, Pavan ICB, da Silva LGS, de Freitas LB, Rostagno MA, Antunes AEC, Bezerra RMN, Simabuco FM. Pomegranate Juice and Peel Extracts are Able to Inhibit Proliferation, Migration and Colony Formation of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines and Modulate the Akt/mTOR/S6K Signaling Pathway. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:54-62. [PMID: 31838616 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is known to contain polyphenols with many potential health benefits, including anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties. It has been used in popular medicine for cancer treatment, which still represents the major cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. Importantly, pomegranate peels are valuable by-products of the food industry that are rich in polyphenols. Here we report a comparison between juice and peel aqueous extracts in prostate cancer DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines. Both extracts were able to inhibit the proliferation, migration and colony formation of those cells, although peel extracts presented more robust effects compared to juice. Besides, the growth-related mTOR/S6K signaling pathway presented strong inhibition after pomegranate extracts treatment. This study presents evidence that both juice and isolated peel extracts from promegate fruit have important anti-cancer effects against prostate cancer cells, modulating the mTOR/S6K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Machado Chaves
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim São Paulo, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Dairy, Probiotics and Prebiotics Laboratory (LLPP), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim São Paulo, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (LABDIME), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Salvino da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim São Paulo, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lidia Broglio de Freitas
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (LABDIME), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Ariel Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim São Paulo, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane Elisabete Costa Antunes
- Dairy, Probiotics and Prebiotics Laboratory (LLPP), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim São Paulo, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim São Paulo, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (LABDIME), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Potential Applications of NRF2 Modulators in Cancer Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030193. [PMID: 32106613 PMCID: PMC7139512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) regulatory pathway plays an essential role in protecting cells and tissues from oxidative, electrophilic, and xenobiotic stress. By controlling the transactivation of over 500 cytoprotective genes, the NRF2 transcription factor has been implicated in the physiopathology of several human diseases, including cancer. In this respect, accumulating evidence indicates that NRF2 can act as a double-edged sword, being able to mediate tumor suppressive or pro-oncogenic functions, depending on the specific biological context of its activation. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms that control NRF2 functions and the most appropriate context of its activation is a prerequisite for the development of effective therapeutic strategies based on NRF2 modulation. In line of principle, the controlled activation of NRF2 might reduce the risk of cancer initiation and development in normal cells by scavenging reactive-oxygen species (ROS) and by preventing genomic instability through decreased DNA damage. In contrast however, already transformed cells with constitutive or prolonged activation of NRF2 signaling might represent a major clinical hurdle and exhibit an aggressive phenotype characterized by therapy resistance and unfavorable prognosis, requiring the use of NRF2 inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the dual roles of the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway in cancer promotion and inhibition, describing the mechanisms of its activation and potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of context-specific modulation of NRF2.
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γ-Tocotrienol and α-Tocopherol Ether Acetate Enhance Docetaxel Activity in Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020398. [PMID: 31963634 PMCID: PMC7024271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, and metastatic prostate cancer is currently incurable. Prostate cancer frequently becomes resistant to standard of care treatments, and the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs is often accompanied by toxic side effects. Combination therapy is one tool that can be used to combat therapeutic resistance and drug toxicity. Vitamin E (VE) compounds and analogs have been proposed as potential non-toxic chemotherapeutics. Here we modeled combination therapy using mixture design response surface methodology (MDRSM), a statistical technique designed to optimize mixture compositions, to determine whether combinations of three chemotherapeutic agents: γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3), α-tocopherol ether acetate (α-TEA), and docetaxel (DOC), would prove more effective than docetaxel alone in the treatment of human prostate cancer cells. Response surfaces were generated for cell viability, and the optimal treatment combination for reducing cell viability was calculated. We found that a combination of 20 µM γ-T3, 30 µM α-TEA, and 25 nm DOC was most effective in the treatment of PC-3 cells. We also found that the combination of γ-T3 and α-TEA with DOC decreased the amount of DOC required to reduce cell viability in PC-3 cells and ameliorated therapeutic resistance in DOC-resistant PC-3 cells.
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Kim U, Kim CY, Lee JM, Ryu B, Kim J, Shin C, Park JH. Pimozide Inhibits the Human Prostate Cancer Cells Through the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1517. [PMID: 32009948 PMCID: PMC6976539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The United States Food and Drug Administration-approved antipsychotic drug, pimozide, has anticancer activities. However, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in its effect on prostate cancer is not well-known. We examined cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, ROS production, and the expression of antioxidant-related genes after treatment of human prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cells with pimozide. In addition, histopathology, ROS production, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were analyzed after administering pimozide to TRAMP, a transgenic mouse with prostate cancer. Pimozide increased the generation of ROS in both cell lines and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. Oxidative stress induced by pimozide caused changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, peroxiredoxin 6, and glutathione peroxidase 2) and CISD2. Co-treatment with glutathione, an antioxidant, reduced pimozide-induced ROS levels, and counteracted the inhibition of cell proliferation. Administration of pimozide to TRAMP mice reduced the progression of prostate cancer with increased ROS generation and decreased SOD activity. These results suggest that the antipsychotic drug, pimozide, has beneficial effects in prostate cancer in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism of pimozide may be related to augmenting ROS generation. We recommend pimozide as a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukjin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changsoo Shin
- Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Li S, Li H, Xu X, Saw PE, Zhang L. Nanocarrier-mediated antioxidant delivery for liver diseases. Theranostics 2020; 10:1262-1280. [PMID: 31938064 PMCID: PMC6956819 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver is the principal detoxifying organ and metabolizes various compounds that produce free radicals (FR) constantly. To maintain the oxidative/antioxidative balance in the liver, antioxidants would scavenge FR by preventing tissue damage through FR formation, scavenging, or by enhancing their decomposition. The disruption of this balance therefore leads to oxidative stress and in turn leads to the onset of various diseases. Supplying the liver with exogeneous antioxidants is an effective way to recreate the oxidative/antioxidative balance in the liver homeostasis. Nevertheless, due to the short half-life and instability of antioxidants in circulation, the methodology for delivering antioxidants to the liver needs to be improved. Nanocarrier mediated delivery of antioxidants proved to be an ingenious way to safely and efficiently deliver a high payload of antioxidants into the liver for circumventing liver diseases. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the role of reactive oxygen species (oxidant) and ROS scavengers (antioxidant) in liver diseases. Subsequently, current nanocarrier mediated antioxidant delivery methods for liver diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiru Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
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Guerreiro A, Chatterton N, Crabb EM, Golding JP. A comparison of the radiosensitisation ability of 22 different element metal oxide nanoparticles using clinical megavoltage X-rays. Cancer Nanotechnol 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-019-0057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A wide range of nanoparticles (NPs), composed of different elements and their compounds, are being developed by several groups as possible radiosensitisers, with some already in clinical trials. However, no systematic experimental survey of the clinical X-ray radiosensitising potential of different element nanoparticles has been made. Here, we directly compare the irradiation-induced (10 Gy of 6-MV X-ray photon) production of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen in aqueous solutions of the following metal oxide nanoparticles: Al2O3, SiO2, Sc2O3, TiO2, V2O5, Cr2O3, MnO2, Fe3O4, CoO, NiO, CuO, ZnO, ZrO2, MoO3, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, Tb4O7, Dy2O3, Er2O3 and HfO2. We also examine DNA damage due to these NPs in unirradiated and irradiated conditions.
Results
Without any X-rays, several NPs produced more radicals than water alone. Thus, V2O5 NPs produced around 5-times more hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. MnO2 NPs produced around 10-times more superoxide anions and Tb4O7 produced around 3-times more singlet oxygen. Lanthanides produce fewer hydroxyl radicals than water. Following irradiation, V2O5 NPs produced nearly 10-times more hydroxyl radicals than water. Changes in radical concentrations were determined by subtracting unirradiated values from irradiated values. These were then compared with irradiation-induced changes in water only. Irradiation-specific increases in hydroxyl radical were seen with most NPs, but these were only significantly above the values of water for V2O5, while the Lanthanides showed irradiation-specific decreases in hydroxyl radical, compared to water. Only TiO2 showed a trend of irradiation-specific increase in superoxides, while V2O5, MnO2, CoO, CuO, MoO3 and Tb4O7 all demonstrated significant irradiation-specific decreases in superoxide, compared to water. No irradiation-specific increases in singlet oxygen were seen, but V2O5, NiO, CuO, MoO3 and the lanthanides demonstrated irradiation-specific decreases in singlet oxygen, compared to water. MoO3 and CuO produced DNA damage in the absence of radiation, while the highest irradiation-specific DNA damage was observed with CuO. In contrast, MnO2, Fe3O4 and CoO were slightly protective against irradiation-induced DNA damage.
Conclusions
Beyond identifying promising metal oxide NP radiosensitisers and radioprotectors, our broad comparisons reveal unexpected differences that suggest the surface chemistry of NP radiosensitisers is an important criterion for their success.
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Molecular signatures associated with prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) exposure to inactivated Zika virus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15351. [PMID: 31653965 PMCID: PMC6814752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection associated with microcephaly cases has elicited much research on the mechanisms involved in ZIKV-host cell interactions. It has been described that Zika virus impairs cell growth, raising a hypothesis about its oncolytic potential against cancer cells. ZIKV tumor cell growth inhibition was later confirmed for glioblastoma. It was also demonstrated that an inactivated ZIKV prototype (ZVp) based on bacterial outer membrane vesicles has antiproliferative activity upon other cancer cell lines, such as PC-3 prostate cancer cell. This study aims at understanding the pathways that might be involved with the antiproliferative effect of Zika virus against prostate cancer cells. A metabolomic approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis led to the identification of 21 statistically relevant markers of PC-3 cells treated with ZVp. The markers were associated with metabolic alterations that trigger lipid remodeling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory mediators, as well as disrupted porphyrin and folate metabolism. These findings highlight molecular signatures of ZVp-induced response that may be involved on cellular pathways triggered by its antiproliferative effect. To our knowledge, this is the first reported metabolomic assessment of ZIKV effect on prostate cancer cells, a promising topic for further research.
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Glucosinolate-Degradation Products as Co-Adjuvant Therapy on Prostate Cancer in Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204977. [PMID: 31600887 PMCID: PMC6834131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolate-degradation products (GS-degradation products) are believed to be responsible for the anticancer effects of cruciferous vegetables. Furthermore, they could improve the efficacy and reduce side-effects of chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxic effects of GS-degradation products on androgen-insensitive human prostate cancer (AIPC) PC-3 and DU 145 cells and investigate their ability to sensitize such cells to chemotherapeutic drug Docetaxel (DOCE). Cells were cultured under growing concentrations of allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC), sulforaphane (SFN), 4-pentenyl-isothiocyanate (4PI), iberin (IB), indole-3-carbinol (I3C), or phenethyl-isothiocyanate (PEITC) in absence or presence of DOCE. The anti-tumor effects of these compounds were analyzed using the trypan blue exclusion, apoptosis, invasion and RT-qPCR assays and confocal microscopy. We observed that AITC, SFN, IB, and/or PEITC induced a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on PC-3 and DU 145 cells, which was mediated, at least, by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Likewise, we showed that these GS-degradation products sensitized both cell lines to DOCE by synergic mechanisms. Taken together, our results indicate that GS-degradation products can be promising compounds as co-adjuvant therapy in prostate cancer.
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Protective effect of minocycline on LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased seizure threshold through nitric oxide pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Genotoxic stress-triggered β-catenin/JDP2/PRMT5 complex facilitates reestablishing glutathione homeostasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3761. [PMID: 31434880 PMCID: PMC6704105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying how cells subjected to genotoxic stress reestablish reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis to scavenge genotoxic stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), which maintains the physiological function of cellular processes and cell survival, remain unclear. Herein, we report that, via a TCF-independent mechanism, genotoxic stress induces the enrichment of β-catenin in chromatin, where it forms a complex with ATM phosphorylated-JDP2 and PRMT5. This elicits histone H3R2me1/H3R2me2s-induced transcriptional activation by the recruitment of the WDR5/MLL methyltransferase complexes and concomitant H3K4 methylation at the promoters of multiple genes in GSH-metabolic cascade. Treatment with OICR-9429, a small-molecule antagonist of the WDR5-MLL interaction, inhibits the β-catenin/JDP2/PRMT5 complex-reestablished GSH metabolism, leading to a lethal increase in the already-elevated levels of ROS in the genotoxic-agent treated cancer cells. Therefore, our results unveil a plausible role for β-catenin in reestablishing redox homeostasis upon genotoxic stress and shed light on the mechanisms of inducible chemotherapy resistance in cancer. It is known that genotoxic stress induces high levels of ROS and deplete cellular glutathione stores. Here, Cao et al. uncover a β-catenin-dependent TCF/LEF-independent mechanism that promotes histone-mediated transcriptional activation of glutathione synthesis.
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Gent R, du Toit T, Swart AC. 11α-Hydroxyprogesterone, a potent 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, is metabolised by steroid-5α-reductase and cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase to produce C11α-derivatives of 21-deoxycortisol and 11-hydroxyandrostenedione in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105369. [PMID: 31039398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
11α-Hydroxyprogesterone (11αOHP4) and 11β-hydroxyprogesterone (11βOHP4) have been reported to be inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) type 2, together with 11β-hydroxytestosterone and 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, and their C11-keto derivatives being inhibitors of 11βHSD1. Our in vitro assays in transiently transfected HEK293 cells, however, show that 11αOHP4 is a potent inhibitor of 11βHSD2 and while this steroid does not serve as a substrate for the enzyme, the aforementioned C11-oxy steroids are indeed substrates for both 11βHSD isozymes. 11βOHP4 is metabolised by 11βHSD2 yielding 11-ketoprogesterone with 11βHSD1 catalysing the reverse reaction, similar to the reduction of the other C11-oxy steroids. In the same model system, novel 11αOHP4 metabolites were detected in its conversion by steroid-5α-reductase (SRD5A) types 1 and 2 yielding 11α-hydroxydihydroprogesterone and its conversion by cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) yielding the hydroxylase product, 11α,17α-dihydroxyprogesterone, and the 17,20 lyase product, 11α-hydroxyandrostenedione. We also detected both 11αOHP4 and 11βOHP4 in prostate cancer tissue- ∼23 and ∼32 ng/g respectively with 11KP4 levels >300 ng/g. In vitro assays in PC3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell models, showed that the metabolism of 11αOHP4 and 11βOHP4 was comparable. In LNCaP cells expressing CYP17A1, 11αOHP4 and 11βOHP4 were metabolised with negligible substrate, 4%, remaining after 48 h, while the steroid substrate 11β,17α-dihydroxyprogesterone (21dF) was metabolised to C11-keto C19 steroids yielding 11-ketotestosterone. Despite the fact that 11αOHP4 is not metabolised by 11βHSD2, it is a substrate for SRD5A and CYP17A1, yielding C11α-hydroxy C19 steroids as well as the C11α-hydroxy derivative of 21dF-the latter associated with clinical conditions characterised by androgen excess. With our data showing that 11αOHP4 is present at high levels in prostate cancer tissue, the steroid may serve as a precursor to unique C11α-hydroxy C19 steroids. The potential impact of 11αOHP4 and its metabolites on human pathophysiology can however only be fully assessed once C11α-hydroxyl metabolite levels are comprehensively analysed.
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Key Words
- 11-hydroxyprogesterone (11OHP4, 4-PREGNEN-11β-OL-3,20-DIONE)
- 11-ketoprogesterone (11KP4, 4-PREGNEN-3,11,20-TRIONE)
- 11-ketotestosterone (11KT, 4-ANDROSTEN-17β-OL-3,11-DIONE)
- 21-deoxycortisol (21-desoxycortisol, 21dF, 4-PREGNEN-11β,17-DIOL-3,20-DIONE)
- 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD, 21-OH CAH)
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH)
- Cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1, P450c17)
- LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Gent
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Therina du Toit
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Amanda C Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
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Yang C, Peng S, Sun Y, Miao H, Lyu M, Ma S, Luo Y, Xiong R, Xie C, Quan H. Development of a hypoxic nanocomposite containing high-Z element as 5-fluorouracil carrier activated self-amplified chemoradiotherapy co-enhancement. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181790. [PMID: 31312471 PMCID: PMC6599783 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The synergetic effect of chemoradiotherapy achievement is encouraging but significantly hampered by the prevalence of hypoxia, leading to drug/radiation resistance in solid tumours. To address the problem and improve the efficiency of cancer therapy, a lamellar-structure multifunctional graphene oxide (GO) drug-delivery system with an average size of 243 nm, co-delivering of metronidazole (MI), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and FePt magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), was successfully designed and synthesized in the study. The integration of hypoxic drug carrier loading radiosensitizers and chemotherapeutic drugs simultaneously, combines the properties of hypoxia-sensitivity and chemoradiotherapy co-enhancement within a single nanoplatform, which is expected to provide new ideas for cancer treatment. Through in vitro tests, the hypoxia-sensitivity and cytotoxicity of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the nanocomposites (NCs) were proved. Moreover, the additive effect between MI, 5-FU and FePt MNPs in cytotoxicity and radiation sensitization aspects is disclosed. It performs an enhanced cell proliferation inhibition and makes up a self-amplified radiotherapy enhancement system that improves radiation efficiency and cell radiosensitivity simultaneously. In conclusion, the study recommended a novel and promising multifunctional nanoplatform which performed a self-amplified effect that activated chemoradiotherapy co-enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Peng
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Miao
- Wuhan Taikang Hospital, Wuhan 430400, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijing Ma
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Rui Xiong e-mail:
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Conghua Xie e-mail:
| | - Hong Quan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Hong Quan e-mail:
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Wu S, Lu H, Bai Y. Nrf2 in cancers: A double-edged sword. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2252-2267. [PMID: 30929309 PMCID: PMC6536957 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2/Keap1 pathway is an important signaling cascade responsible for the resistance of oxidative damage induced by exogenous chemicals. It maintains the redox homeostasis, exerts anti-inflammation and anticancer activity by regulating its multiple downstream cytoprotective genes, thereby plays a vital role in cell survival. Interestingly, in recent years, accumulating evidence suggests that Nrf2 has a contradictory role in cancers. Aberrant activation of Nrf2 is associated with poor prognosis. The constitutive activation of Nrf2 in various cancers induces pro-survival genes and promotes cancer cell proliferation by metabolic reprogramming, repression of cancer cell apoptosis, and enhancement of self-renewal capacity of cancer stem cells. More importantly, Nrf2 is proved to contribute to the chemoresistance and radioresistance of cancer cells as well as inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. A number of Nrf2 inhibitors discovered for cancer treatment were reviewed in this report. These provide a new strategy that targeting Nrf2 could be a promising therapeutic approach against cancer. This review aims to summarize the dual effects of Nrf2 in cancer, revealing its function both in cancer prevention and inhibition, to further discover novel anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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ROS Reduction Does Not Decrease the Anticancer Efficacy of X-Ray in Two Breast Cancer Cell Lines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3782074. [PMID: 31001373 PMCID: PMC6437742 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3782074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is effective on a large number of cancer types and is one of the most frequently administrated treatments for cancer patients. The anticancer efficacy of X-ray radiotherapy has been frequently correlated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation, which is also a limiting factor for its toxicity on normal tissues. Here, we found that although 4-10 Gy X-rays could significantly reduce cell numbers in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the ROS level changes are less in MCF-7 cells than in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, although both the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and 1 T static magnetic field (SMF) could reduce X-ray-induced ROS elevation, they did not prevent X-ray-induced cell number reduction or cell death increase, which is significantly different from cisplatin. These results demonstrate that although the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin on two breast cancer cell lines is dependent on ROS, the anticancer efficacy of X-ray is not. Moreover, by testing 19 different cell lines, we found that 1 T SMF could effectively reduce ROS levels in multiple cell lines by 10-20%, which encourages further studies to investigate whether SMF could be used as a potential "physical antioxidant" in the future.
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SWATH proteomic profiling of prostate cancer cells identifies NUSAP1 as a potential molecular target for Galiellalactone. J Proteomics 2019; 193:217-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Silencing of type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β stabilizes prostate apoptosis response-4 and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Biochem J 2019; 476:405-419. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β (PtdIns 4-kinase II β) is an enigma among the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase family. The role of PtdIns 4-kinase II β in MCF-7 cells was addressed with the help of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA transfection increased pan-caspase activity and induced apoptosis in cancerous MCF-7 cells. Non-cancerous MCF-10A cells were resistant to PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA-induced apoptosis. Caspase 8 and 9 inhibitors rescued MCF-7 cells from apoptosis. Shotgun proteomic studies with Flag-tagged PtdIns 4-kinase II β immunoprecipitates showed tumor suppressor prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) as one of the interacting proteins in HEK293 cells. In reciprocal experiments, Par-4 antibodies co-precipitated PtdIns 4-kinase II β from MCF-7 cells. Deletion of membrane localization motif (ΔCCPCC) or a mutation in ATP-binding region (D304A) of PtdIns 4-kinase II β did not affect its interaction with Par-4. Pull-down assays with GST-PtdIns 4-kinase II β-truncated mutants showed that the region between 101 and 215 amino acid residues is essential for interaction with Par-4. At molecular level, PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA transfection increased Par-4 stability, its nuclear localization and inhibition of NF-κB binding to target DNA. Knocking down of Par-4 with siRNA (small interfering RNA) rescued MCF-7 cells from PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that PtdIns 4-kinase II β may be a novel regulator of Par-4 through protein–protein interactions. These studies have potential implications in cancer therapy.
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Xu Z, Zhang Y, Ding J, Hu W, Tan C, Wang M, Tang J, Xu Y. miR-17-3p Downregulates Mitochondrial Antioxidant Enzymes and Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Prostate Cancer Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:64-77. [PMID: 30240971 PMCID: PMC6143750 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Radioresistance remains to be a major obstacle in the management of patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). We have identified a mature miR-17-3p processed from the 3' arm of precursor miR-17, which appeared to be able to inhibit three major antioxidant enzymes located in mitochondria, i.e., manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase 2 (Gpx2), and thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2). Here we show that upregulation of miR-17-3p remarkably sensitized PCa cells to ionizing radiation (IR). Reductions of the three antioxidants led to increasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation as well as declining mitochondrial respiration. The miR-17-3p-mediated dysfunction of mitochondrial antioxidants apparently sensitizing IR therapy was manifested in vitro and in vivo. Substantially, the miR-17-3p effect on suppression of the antioxidants can be efficiently eliminated or attenuated by transfecting with either an miR-17-3p inhibitor or each of the related antioxidant cDNA expression constructs. Overall, in addition to the insights into the functional assessments for the duplex of miR-17-5p and miR-17-3p, the present study highlights the rigorous evidence that demonstrated suppression of multiple mitochondrial antioxidants by a single microRNA (miRNA), thereby providing a promising approach to improve radiotherapy for advanced PCa by targeting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiaji Ding
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weizi Hu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunli Tan
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Peng Y, Zhang R, Yang X, Zhang Z, Kang N, Bao L, Shen Y, Yan H, Zheng F. Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses the proliferation of prostate cancer cell line PC3 through ROS-induced cell cycle arrest. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1139-1145. [PMID: 30655875 PMCID: PMC6312957 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the potential antitumor effects of ginsenoside Rg3 in prostate cancer cells, the androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line PC3 was cultured and incubated with ginsenoside Rg3 in vitro. Cell number counts, cell proliferation assays and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining were performed to evaluate cell proliferation. The results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 led to cell proliferation arrest; ginsenoside Rg3 decreased the number of cells and increased the positive SA-β-gal staining rate in PC3 cells. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry revealed that ginsenoside Rg3 interfered with the G1/S transition in PC3 cells. The mechanism involved in ginsenoside Rg3-induced cell proliferation arrest was then further investigated. This indicated that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PC3 cells was upregulated by ginsenoside Rg3 treatment. Furthermore, pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a scavenger of ROS, was able to reverse the effects on cell number and cell cycle arrest induced by ginsenoside Rg3 in PC3 cells. These results indicate that ginsenoside Rg3 exhibits anticancer effects on prostate cancer cells through ROS-mediated arrest of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Peng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Zhaiyi Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Liying Bao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Shen
- Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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Exposure of Breast and Lung Cancer Cells to a Novel Estrone Analog Prior to Radiation Enhances Bcl-2-Mediated Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102887. [PMID: 30249026 PMCID: PMC6212960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Following exposure of cells to gamma-radiation, a cascade of intracellular consequences may be observed in a semitemporal manner. This includes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation initially, with consequent signaling for DNA repair and facilitative regulation of the cell cycle. Failure to rectify the damage or ROS levels leads to induction of senescence or apoptosis. 2-Ethyl-3-O-sulfamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10),15-tetraen-17-ol (ESE-15-ol), a 2-methoxyestradiole analog designed in silico for superior pharmacokinetics, was investigated for its potential to enhance apoptotic signaling and decrease the long-term survival of cells exposed to radiation. Sequential early intracellular effects within radiation-treated MCF-7 breast- and A549 lung cancer cells pre-exposed to low-dose ESE-15-ol were investigated using various flow cytometric protocols, spectrophotometry, and microscopy. Long-term cellular survival and proliferation was examined using clonogenic studies, which demonstrated a significant decrease in the presensitized cells. Combination-treated cells exhibited increased superoxide formation, and decreased Bcl-2 expression and -phosphorylation. Induction of apoptosis and elevation of the sub-G1 phase was evident in the pre-exposed MCF-7 cells, although only minimally in the A549 cells at 48-h. These results indicate that low-dose ESE-15-ol may increase tumor response to radiation. Future studies will investigate the effect of ESE-15-ol pre-exposure on radiation-induced DNA damage and repair mechanisms.
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Rothmiller S, Schröder S, Strobelt R, Wolf M, Wang J, Jiang X, Worek F, Steinritz D, Thiermann H, Schmidt A. Sulfur mustard resistant keratinocytes obtained elevated glutathione levels and other changes in the antioxidative defense mechanism. Toxicol Lett 2018; 293:51-61. [PMID: 29183814 PMCID: PMC6235149 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent blistering chemical warfare agent, which was first used in 1917. Despite the Chemical Weapons Convention, a use was recently reported in Syria in 2015. This emphasizes the importance to develop countermeasures against chemical warfare agents. Despite intensive research, there is still no antidote or prophylaxis available against SM. METHODS The newly developed SM-resistant keratinocyte cell line HaCaT/SM was used to identify new target structures for drug development, particularly the adaptations in protective measures against oxidative stress. For this purpose, glutathione (GSH) and NAD(P)H levels, the effect of glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibition as well as activation and expression of Nrf2, GST, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR) as well as multi-drug resistance (MDR) proteins 1, 3 and 5 were investigated. RESULTS The HaCaT/SM cells showed not only a better survival after treatment with SM or cytostatic drugs, but also hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). They exhibit more GSH even after SM treatment. Nrf2 levels were significantly lower. Inhibition of GST led to significantly decreased, activation to slightly higher IC50 values after SM treatment and a lower expression of GST was observed. The cells also expressed less GCLC and GSR. Expression of MDR1, MDR3 and MDR5 was higher under control conditions, but less stimulated by SM treatment. An increased NADP+/NADPH ratio as well as higher NAD+ levels were shown. CONCLUSION In summary, an improved response of the resistant cell line to oxidative stress was observed. The underlying mechanisms are elevated GSH levels as well as lower expression of Nrf2 and its targets GCLC and GST as well as GSR and MDR1, MDR3 and MDR5. GST is an especially interesting target because its inhibition already induced a significant SM sensitivity. SM resistance also caused redox equivalent level differences. Taken together, these findings provide further insight into the mechanism of SM resistance and may open a window for novel therapeutic targets in SM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rothmiller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Schröder
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Romano Strobelt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Wolf
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Jin Wang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, One Baylor Plaza Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiqian Jiang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, One Baylor Plaza Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Munich, Goethestr. 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Schmidt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department for Sports Sciences, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany.
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Tan J, Li L, Shi W, Sun D, Xu C, Miao Y, Fan H, Liu J, Cheng H, Wu M, Shen W. Protective Effect of 2-Hydroxymethyl Anthraquinone from Hedyotis diffusa Willd in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury Mediated by TLR4-NF-κB Pathway. Inflammation 2018; 41:2136-2148. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wang Z, Han G, Liu Q, Zhang W, Wang J. Silencing of PYGB suppresses growth and promotes the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells via the NF‑κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3800-3808. [PMID: 30106110 PMCID: PMC6131497 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain‑type glycogen phosphorylase (PYGB) is an enzyme that metabolizes glycogen, whose function is to provide energy for an organism in an emergency state. The present study purposed to investigate the role and mechanism of PYGB silencing on the growth and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. A cell counting kit‑8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to determine the cell viability, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, respectively. Colorimetry was performed to analyze the activity of caspase‑3. Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the associated mRNA and protein expression levels. The results revealed that PYGB was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and was associated with disease progression. In addition, PYGB silencing suppressed the cell viability of PC3 cells. PYGB silencing promoted apoptosis of PC3 cells via the regulation of the expression levels of cleaved‑poly (adenosine diphosphate‑ribose) polymerase, cleaved‑caspase‑3, B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein. PYGB silencing increased the ROS content in PC3 cells, and affected nuclear factor (NF)‑κB/nuclear factor‑erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways in PC3 cells. In conclusion, PYGB silencing suppressed the growth and promoted the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by affecting the NF‑κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway. The present study provided evidence that may lead to the development of a potential therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA 252 Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Qinghong Liu
- Department of Urology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, East Hospital Affiliated to Ji'an Hospital, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
| | - Jinshan Wang
- Department of Urology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
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