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Marty L, Pastre C, Blaise M, Beaumelle B. [Mechanism enabling HIV Tat association with viral particles]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:915-917. [PMID: 38108716 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Marty
- Institut de recherche en infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR 9004, université de Montpellier-CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Pastre
- Institut de recherche en infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR 9004, université de Montpellier-CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mickaël Blaise
- Institut de recherche en infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR 9004, université de Montpellier-CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Beaumelle
- Institut de recherche en infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR 9004, université de Montpellier-CNRS, Montpellier, France
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2
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Stauffer W, Bobardt M, Ure D, Foster R, Gallay P. The Cyclophilin Inhibitor Rencofilstat Decreases HCV-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Independently of Its Antiviral Activity. Viruses 2023; 15:2099. [PMID: 37896876 PMCID: PMC10612079 DOI: 10.3390/v15102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for the identification of new drugs that inhibit HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our work demonstrates that cyclophilin inhibitors (CypIs) represent such new drugs. We demonstrate that the nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporine A (CsA) analog (CsAa) rencofilstat possesses dual therapeutic activities for the treatment of HCV infection and HCV-induced HCC. Specifically, we show that the HCV infection of humanized mice results in the progressive development of HCC. This is true for the four genotypes tested (1 to 4). Remarkably, we demonstrate that rencofilstat inhibits the development of HCV-induced HCC in mice even when added 16 weeks after infection when HCC is well established. Importantly, we show that rencofilstat drastically reduces HCC progression independently of its anti-HCV activity. Indeed, the CypI rencofilstat inhibits HCC, while other anti-HCV agents such as NS5A (NS5Ai) and NS5B (NS5Bi) fail to reduce HCC. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that the CypI rencofilstat represents a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCV-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Stauffer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (W.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Michael Bobardt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (W.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Daren Ure
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edison, NJ 08837, USA; (D.U.); (R.F.)
| | - Robert Foster
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edison, NJ 08837, USA; (D.U.); (R.F.)
| | - Philippe Gallay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (W.S.); (M.B.)
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3
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Stauffer W, Bobardt M, Ure D, Foster R, Gallay P. The Cyclophilin Inhibitor Rencofilstat Decreases HCV-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Independently of Its Antiviral Activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.19.553982. [PMID: 37645728 PMCID: PMC10462172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.19.553982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for the identification of new drugs that inhibit HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our work demonstrates that cyclophilin inhibitors (CypI) represent such new drugs. We demonstrated that the non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine A (CsA) analog (CsAa) rencofilstat possesses dual therapeutic activities for the treatment of HCV infection and HCV-induced HCC. Specifically, we showed that HCV infection of humanized mice results in the progressive development of HCC. This was true for four genotypes tested (1 to 4). Remarkably, we demonstrated that rencofilstat inhibits the development of HCV-induced HCC in mice even when added 16 weeks post-infection when HCC is well established. Importantly, we showed that rencofilstat drastically reduces HCC progression independently of its anti-HCV activity. Indeed, the CypI rencofilstat inhibits HCC while other anti-HCV agents such as NS5A (NS5Ai) and NS5B (NS5Bi) fail to reduce HCC. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that the CypI rencofilstat represents a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCV-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Stauffer
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael Bobardt
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daren Ure
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edison, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert Foster
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edison, New Jersey, USA
| | - Philippe Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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4
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Gervais O, Papadopoulou A, Gratacap R, Hillestad B, Tinch AE, Martin SAM, Houston RD, Robledo D. Transcriptomic response to ISAV infection in the gills, head kidney and spleen of resistant and susceptible Atlantic salmon. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:775. [PMID: 36443659 PMCID: PMC9703674 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious Salmon Anaemia virus (ISAV) is an orthomyxovirus responsible for large losses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. Current available treatments and vaccines are not fully effective, and therefore selective breeding to produce ISAV-resistant strains of Atlantic salmon is a high priority for the industry. Genomic selection and potentially genome editing can be applied to enhance the disease resistance of aquaculture stocks, and both approaches can benefit from increased knowledge on the genomic mechanisms of resistance to ISAV. To improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying resistance to ISAV in Atlantic salmon we performed a transcriptomic study in ISAV-infected salmon with contrasting levels of resistance to this virus. RESULTS Three different tissues (gills, head kidney and spleen) were collected on 12 resistant and 12 susceptible fish at three timepoints (pre-challenge, 7 and 14 days post challenge) and RNA sequenced. The transcriptomes of infected and non-infected fish and of resistant and susceptible fish were compared at each timepoint. The results show that the responses to ISAV are organ-specific; an important response to the infection was observed in the head kidney, with up-regulation of immune processes such as interferon and NLR pathways, while in gills and spleen the response was more moderate. In addition to immune related genes, our results suggest that other processes such as ubiquitination and ribosomal processing are important during early infection with ISAV. Moreover, the comparison between resistant and susceptible fish has also highlighted some interesting genes related to ubiquitination, intracellular transport and the inflammasome. CONCLUSIONS Atlantic salmon infection by ISAV revealed an organ-specific response, implying differential function during the infection. An immune response was observed in the head kidney in these early timepoints, while gills and spleen showed modest responses in comparison. Comparison between resistance and susceptible samples have highlighted genes of interest for further studies, for instance those related to ubiquitination or the inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Gervais
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Athina Papadopoulou
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Remi Gratacap
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Alan E. Tinch
- Benchmark Genetics, Penicuik, UK ,The Center for Aquaculture Technologies, San Diego, USA
| | - Samuel A. M. Martin
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ross D. Houston
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Diego Robledo
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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5
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Sekhon SS, Shin W, Kim SY, Jeong D, Choi W, Choi B, Min J, Ahn J, Kim Y. Cyclophilin A-mediated mitigation of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10436. [PMID: 36712291 PMCID: PMC9874840 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cyclophilin A (hCypA) is important for the replication of multiple coronaviruses (CoVs), and cyclosporine A inhibitors can suppress CoVs. The emergence of rapidly spreading severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has sparked concerns that mutations affect the binding ability of the spike (S) protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell receptor, affecting the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Far-western blotting and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) results revealed that hCypA interacts strongly with the viral SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), with a binding affinity of 6.85 × 10-8 M. The molecular interaction between hCypA and the viral protein interface was shown using three-dimensional structural analysis, which revealed the blocking of key residues on the RBD interface by hCypA. The RBD facilitates binding to the ACE2 receptor. The hCypA-S protein complex suppressed the binding of RBD to the ACE2 receptor, which a required event for CoV entry into the host cell. The reliability of this postulated blocking mechanism of the hCypA-SARS-CoV2 RBD complex with ACE was confirmed by SPR and molecular interaction lateral flow (MILF) strip assay, which offers the immunochromatographic signal read-outs. The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants with key mutations in RBD had a negligible effect on the binding of the RBD variants to hCypA, indicating an effective mitigation strategy for SARS-CoV-2 variants. The MILF strip assay results also highlight the neutralizing effect of hCypA by effectively blocking RBD (wild type and its variants) from binding ACE2. Given the importance of hCypA in viral entry regulation, it has the potential to be used as a target for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woo‐Ri Shin
- Department of MicrobiologyChungbuk National UniversitySeowon‐GuCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyShin Ansan UniversityDanwon‐Gu, AnsanRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Seok Jeong
- SEJONGBIOHeungdeok‐gu, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Wooil Choi
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical EngineeringJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | | | - Jiho Min
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical EngineeringJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Ji‐Young Ahn
- Department of MicrobiologyChungbuk National UniversitySeowon‐GuCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Yang‐Hoon Kim
- Department of MicrobiologyChungbuk National UniversitySeowon‐GuCheongjuSouth Korea
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6
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El-Desouky MG, El-Bindary AA, El-Afify MAM, Hassan N. Synthesis, characterization, theoretical calculation, DNA binding, molecular docking, anticovid-19 and anticancer chelation studies of some transition metal complexes. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2047072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. G. El-Desouky
- Laboratory Department Egyptian Propylene and Polypropylene Company, Port Said, Egypt
| | - A. A. El-Bindary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - M. A. M. El-Afify
- Laboratory Department Egyptian Propylene and Polypropylene Company, Port Said, Egypt
| | - N. Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
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7
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Ullah MF, Ali Y, Khan MR, Khan IU, Yan B, Ijaz Khan M, Malik M. A review of COVID-19: Treatment strategies and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology approaches to the coronavirus disease. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:860-871. [PMID: 34658640 PMCID: PMC8511869 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has put the world on lockdown for the first time in decades. This has wreaked havoc on the global economy, put additional burden on local and global public health resources, and, most importantly, jeopardised human health. CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, and the CRISPR associated (Cas) protein (CRISPR/Cas) was identified to have structures in E. coli. The most modern of these systems is CRISPR/Cas. Editing the genomes of plants and animals took several years and cost hundreds of thousands of dollars until the CRISPR approach was discovered in 2012. As a result, CRISPR/Cas has piqued the scientific community's attention, particularly for disease diagnosis and treatment, because it is faster, less expensive, and more precise than previous genome editing technologies. Data from gene mutations in specific patients gathered using CRISPR/Cas can aid in the identification of the best treatment strategy for each patient, as well as other research domains such as coronavirus replication in cell culture, such as SARS-CoV2. The implications of the most prevalent driver mutations, on the other hand, are often unknown, making treatment interpretation difficult. For detecting a wide range of target genes, the CRISPR/Cas categories provide highly sensitive and selective tools. Genome-wide association studies are a relatively new strategy to discovering genes involved in human disease when it comes to the next steps in genomic research. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas provides a method for modifying non-coding portions of the genome, which will help advance whole genome libraries by speeding up the analysis of these poorly defined parts of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhat Ullah
- Genome Editing & Sequencing Lab, National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Ali
- Genome Editing & Sequencing Lab, National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ramzan Khan
- Genome Editing & Sequencing Lab, National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Inam Ullah Khan
- University of Sheffield, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Arts Tower Western Bank, Sheffield, S102TN, The University of Sheffield, Manchester, UK
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - M. Ijaz Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - M.Y. Malik
- Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Liang L, Lin R, Xie Y, Lin H, Shao F, Rui W, Chen H. The Role of Cyclophilins in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2548-2560. [PMID: 34326693 PMCID: PMC8315013 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps) is a kind of ubiquitous protein family in organisms, which has biological functions such as promoting intracellular protein folding and participating in the pathological processes of inflammation and tumor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are two common intestinal diseases, but the etiology and pathogenesis of these two diseases are still unclear. IBD and CRC are closely associated, IBD has always been considered as one of the main risks of CRC. However, the role of Cyps in these two related intestinal diseases is rarely studied and reported. In this review, the expression of CypA, CypB and CypD in IBD, especially ulcerative colitis (UC), and CRC, their relationship with the development of these two intestinal diseases, as well as the possible pathogenesis, were briefly summarized, so as to provide modest reference for clinical researches and treatments in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Liang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Rongxiao Lin
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Huaqing Lin
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Plaform, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wen Rui
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Plaform, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
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9
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Schmidpeter PAM, Rheinberger J, Nimigean CM. Prolyl isomerization controls activation kinetics of a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6401. [PMID: 33328472 PMCID: PMC7744796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SthK, a cyclic nucleotide-modulated ion channel from Spirochaeta thermophila, activates slowly upon cAMP increase. This is reminiscent of the slow, cAMP-induced activation reported for the hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated channel HCN2 in the family of so-called pacemaker channels. Here, we investigate slow cAMP-induced activation in purified SthK channels using stopped-flow assays, mutagenesis, enzymatic catalysis and inhibition assays revealing that the cis/trans conformation of a conserved proline in the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain determines the activation kinetics of SthK. We propose that SthK exists in two forms: trans Pro300 SthK with high ligand binding affinity and fast activation, and cis Pro300 SthK with low affinity and slow activation. Following channel activation, the cis/trans equilibrium, catalyzed by prolyl isomerases, is shifted towards trans, while steady-state channel activity is unaffected. Our results reveal prolyl isomerization as a regulatory mechanism for SthK, and potentially eukaryotic HCN channels. This mechanism could contribute to electrical rhythmicity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A. M. Schmidpeter
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Jan Rheinberger
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA ,grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Present Address: University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Crina M. Nimigean
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
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10
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Pawlotsky JM. COVID-19 Pandemic: Time to Revive the Cyclophilin Inhibitor Alisporivir. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:2191-2194. [PMID: 32409832 PMCID: PMC7239253 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
December 2019 saw the emergence of a new epidemic of pneumonia of varying severity, called COVID-19, caused by a newly identified coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. No therapeutic option is available to treat this infection that has already killed more than 235,000 people worldwide. This Viewpoint summarizes the strong scientific arguments supporting the use of alisporivir, a non-immunosuppressive analogue of cyclosporine A with potent cyclophilin inhibition properties that has reached Phase 3 clinical development, for the treatment of COVID-19. They include the strong cyclophilin dependency of the lifecycle of many coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and preclinical data showing strong antiviral and cytoprotective properties of alisporivir in various models of coronavirus infection, including SARS-CoV-2. Alisporivir should be tested without delay on both virological and clinical endpoints in patients with or at-risk of severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,Inserm U955, Créteil, France
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11
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El-Hoshoudy AN. Investigating the potential antiviral activity drugs against SARS-CoV-2 by molecular docking simulation. J Mol Liq 2020; 318:113968. [PMID: 32839634 PMCID: PMC7399655 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, scary viral pneumonia is known as (COVID-19) has swept the whole world. The new virus strain designated as SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the coronavirus family. Although the current medical research directed towards the development of a novel therapeutic agent, no anti-viral drug approved until now. On the medical scale, the development of an approved drug is a time-consuming process, so research is directed towards screening of ligands and drugs multimodal structure-based-design and then docked to the main viral protease to investigate the active binding sites. The bioinformatic approaches used to evaluate the competence of a comprehensive range of ligands and drugs before their clinical implementation. In this study, a computational approach through molecular docking simulation is conducted for screening the antiviral activity of drugs, natural sources, and inhibitory compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 genome. The main virus protease was collected from a Protein Data Bank (PDB# 6YB7) and docked with a sequence of 19 approved antiviral drugs, 10 natural inhibitory ligands against COVID-19 downloaded from PubChem, in addition to 10 natural sources optimized for Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to identify the antiviral activity of these candidates against COVID-19. The docking results were promised and indicated that the reported ligands can firmly bind to the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and leads to inhibition of its infectious impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N El-Hoshoudy
- Computational Chemistry Group, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, 11727 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Poulsen NN, von Brunn A, Hornum M, Blomberg Jensen M. Cyclosporine and COVID-19: Risk or favorable? Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2975-2982. [PMID: 32777170 PMCID: PMC7436557 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is declared a global health emergency. COVID-19 is triggered by a novel coronavirus: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Baseline characteristics of admitted patients with COVID-19 show that adiposity, diabetes, and hypertension are risk factors for developing severe disease, but so far immunosuppressed patients who are listed as high-risk patients have not been more susceptible to severe COVID-19 than the rest of the population. Multiple clinical trials are currently being conducted, which may identify more drugs that can lower mortality, morbidity, and burden on the society. Several independent studies have convincingly shown that cyclosporine inhibit replication of several different coronaviruses in vitro. The cyclosporine-analog alisporivir has recently been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. These findings are intriguing, although there is no clinical evidence for a protective effect to reduce the likelihood of severe COVID-19 or to treat the immune storm or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that often causes severe morbidity. Here, we review the putative link between COVID-19 and cyclosporine, while we await more robust clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Nicholine Poulsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Group of Skeletal, Mineral, and Gonadal Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albrecht von Brunn
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich/German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Mads Hornum
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Blomberg Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Group of Skeletal, Mineral, and Gonadal Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Division of Bone and Mineral Research, HSDM/HMS Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA,Correspondence Martin Blomberg Jensen
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Structurally distinct cyclosporin and sanglifehrin analogs CRV431 and NV556 suppress established HCV infection in humanized-liver mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237236. [PMID: 32764799 PMCID: PMC7413547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors (CypIs)—cyclosporin A analog CRV431 and sanglifehrin analog NV556—efficiently inhibit HCV replication in vitro. In this study, we asked whether they can also reduce HCV replication in vivo. We found that a single oral administration of CRV431 and NV556 to HCV-infected humanized-liver mice drastically reduced HCV blood levels. The antiviral effect was observed when CRV431 or NV556 were each individually administered with HCV, 3, 6 weeks or even 3 months post-infection when viral replication is robust. These results were confirmed in chimeric mice implanted with human hepatocytes isolated from three distinct donors. Remarkably, no viral rebound was observed 5 months after a single dose administration of 50 mg/kg of CRV431 or NV556 four weeks post-HCV infection, indicating the possibility of suppression of an established viral infection. Since we recently demonstrated that both CRV431 and NV556 also inhibit the development of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in nonviral-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mouse models, our present data suggest that the two entirely structurally different CypIs—CRV431 and NV556—derived from unrelated natural products, represent attractive partners to current direct-acting agent (DAA) regimens for the treatment of hepatitis C and liver diseases.
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Goto K, Nishitsuji H, Sugiyama M, Nishida N, Mizokami M, Shimotohno K. Orchestration of Intracellular Circuits by G Protein-Coupled Receptor 39 for Hepatitis B Virus Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165661. [PMID: 32784555 PMCID: PMC7460832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a highly persistent pathogen causing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), takes full advantage of host machinery, presenting therapeutic targets. Here we aimed to identify novel druggable host cellular factors using the reporter HBV we have recently generated. In an RNAi screen of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), GPCR39 (GPR39) appeared as the top hit to facilitate HBV proliferation. Lentiviral overexpression of active GPR39 proteins and an agonist enhanced HBV replication and transcriptional activities of viral promoters, inducing the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP)-β (CEBPB). Meanwhile, GPR39 was uncovered to activate the heat shock response, upregulating the expression of proviral heat shock proteins (HSPs). In addition, glioma-associated oncogene homologue signaling, a recently reported target of GPR39, was suggested to inhibit HBV replication and eventually suppress expression of CEBPB and HSPs. Thus, GPR39 provirally governed intracellular circuits simultaneously affecting the carcinopathogenetic gene functions. GPR39 and the regulated signaling networks would serve as antiviral targets, and strategies with selective inhibitors of GPR39 functions can develop host-targeted antiviral therapies preventing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaku Goto
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-47-372-3501; Fax: +81-47-375-4766
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15
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Xue Q, Liu H, Sun M, Zhao W, Chen Y, Chen J, Wei C, Cai X, Xue Q. Peste des petits ruminants virus hemagglutinin (H) induces lysosomal degradation of host cyclophilin A to facilitate viral replication. Virus Res 2019; 277:197844. [PMID: 31866422 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a highly contagious disease that affects sheep and goats. To better understand PPRV replication and virulence, cyclophilin A (CypA), a multifunctional goat host protein, was selected for further studies. CypA has been reported to inhibit or facilitate viral replication. However, the precise roles of CypA during PPRV infection remain unclear. Our data show for the first time that CypA suppressed PPRV replication by its PPIase activity, and PPRV infection decreased CypA protein levels. Detailed analysis revealed that PPRV H protein was responsible for the reduction of CypA, which was dependent on the lysosome pathway. No interaction was identified between H and CypA. Furthermore, the 35-58 region of H was essential for the reduction of CypA. In conclusion, our findings identify the antiviral role of CypA against PPRV and provide key insights into how PPRV H protein antagonizes host antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huaidong Liu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Miao Sun
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jian Chen
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunxia Wei
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Qinghong Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China.
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16
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Ma-Lauer Y, Zheng Y, Malešević M, von Brunn B, Fischer G, von Brunn A. Influences of cyclosporin A and non-immunosuppressive derivatives on cellular cyclophilins and viral nucleocapsid protein during human coronavirus 229E replication. Antiviral Res 2019; 173:104620. [PMID: 31634494 PMCID: PMC7114175 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The well-known immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A inhibits replication of various viruses including coronaviruses by binding to cellular cyclophilins thus inactivating their cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase function. Viral nucleocapsid proteins are inevitable for genome encapsidation and replication. Here we demonstrate the interaction between the N protein of HCoV-229E and cyclophilin A, not cyclophilin B. Cyclophilin inhibitors abolish this interaction. Upon infection, cyclophilin A stays evenly distributed throughout the cell, whereas cyclophilin B concentrates at ER-bleb-like structures. We further show the inhibitory potential of non-immunosuppressive CsA derivatives Alisporivir, NIM811, compound 3 on HCoV-229E-GFP and -Luciferase replication in human Huh-7.5 hepatoma cells at 18 and 48 h time points post infection with EC50 s at low micromolar ranges. Thus, non-immunosuppressive CsA derivatives effectively inhibit HCoV-229E replication suggesting them as possible candidates for the treatment of HCoV infection. The interruption of interaction between CypA and N protein by CsA and its derivatives suggest a mechanism how CypA inhibitors suppress viral replication. HCoV-229E replication is inhibited by Alisporivir, NIM811 and other non-immunosuppressive Cyclosporin A derivatives. HCoV-229E N protein interacts with cyclophilin A. Cyclophilin A is required for coronavirus replication. Cyclophilin B concentrates in bleb-like structures of the ER in HCoV-infected Huh7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma-Lauer
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Zheng
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Miroslav Malešević
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Brigitte von Brunn
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry Goettingen, BO Halle, Germany
| | - Albrecht von Brunn
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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17
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Gallay P, Ure D, Bobardt M, Chatterji U, Ou J, Trepanier D, Foster R. The cyclophilin inhibitor CRV431 inhibits liver HBV DNA and HBsAg in transgenic mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217433. [PMID: 31181107 PMCID: PMC6557616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health burden worldwide with 240 million chronically infected individuals. Nucleos(t)ide analogs and interferons are the current standards of care due to their suppression of HBV replication, but the treatments rarely eradicate HBV from individuals. Similar to current treatments for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients, improved HBV therapies will require the combination of multiple drugs which target distinct steps of the HBV life cycle. In this study, we tested the potential of a cyclophilin inhibitor, CRV431, to affect HBV replication in transgenic mice. We found that oral treatment with CRV431 (50 mg/kg/day) for a period of 16 days significantly reduced liver HBV DNA levels and moderately decreased serum HBsAg levels. We observed an additive inhibitory effect on liver HBV DNA levels in mice treated with a combination of low doses of CRV431 (10 mg/kg/day) and the nucleotide prodrug, tenofovir exalidex (TXL), (5 mg/kg/day). No toxicity was observed in CRV431-treated mice. Although it is well known that CRV431 neutralizes the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity of cyclophilins, its anti-HBV mechanism(s) of action remains unknown. Nevertheless, this study provides the first demonstration of a beneficial effect of a cyclophilin inhibitor in vivo in an HBV transgenic mouse model. Altogether our data reveal the potential of CRV431 to be part of improved new therapies for HBV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daren Ure
- ContraVir Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edison, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Michael Bobardt
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Udayan Chatterji
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - James Ou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Trepanier
- ContraVir Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edison, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Robert Foster
- ContraVir Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edison, New Jersey, United States of America
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18
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Abstract
Coronaviruses are pathogens with a serious impact on human and animal health. They mostly cause enteric or respiratory disease, which can be severe and life threatening, e.g., in the case of the zoonotic coronaviruses causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in humans. Despite the economic and societal impact of such coronavirus infections, and the likelihood of future outbreaks of additional pathogenic coronaviruses, our options to prevent or treat coronavirus infections remain very limited. This highlights the importance of advancing our knowledge on the replication of these viruses and their interactions with the host. Compared to other +RNA viruses, coronaviruses have an exceptionally large genome and employ a complex genome expression strategy. Next to a role in basic virus replication or virus assembly, many of the coronavirus proteins expressed in the infected cell contribute to the coronavirus-host interplay. For example, by interacting with the host cell to create an optimal environment for coronavirus replication, by altering host gene expression or by counteracting the host’s antiviral defenses. These coronavirus–host interactions are key to viral pathogenesis and will ultimately determine the outcome of infection. Due to the complexity of the coronavirus proteome and replication cycle, our knowledge of host factors involved in coronavirus replication is still in an early stage compared to what is known for some other +RNA viruses. This review summarizes our current understanding of coronavirus–host interactions at the level of the infected cell, with special attention for the assembly and function of the viral RNA-synthesising machinery and the evasion of cellular innate immune responses.
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19
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Seal S, Polley S, Sau S. A staphylococcal cyclophilin carries a single domain and unfolds via the formation of an intermediate that preserves cyclosporin A binding activity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210771. [PMID: 30925148 PMCID: PMC6440624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin (Cyp), a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), acts as a virulence factor in many bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus. The enzymatic activity of Cyp is inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive drug. To precisely determine the unfolding mechanism and the domain structure of Cyp, we have investigated a chimeric S. aureus Cyp (rCyp) using various probes. Our limited proteolysis and the consequent analysis of the proteolytic fragments indicate that rCyp is composed of one domain with a short flexible tail at the C-terminal end. We also show that the urea-induced unfolding of both rCyp and rCyp-CsA is completely reversible and proceeds via the synthesis of at least one stable intermediate. Both the secondary structure and the tertiary structure of each intermediate appears very similar to those of the corresponding native protein. Conversely, the hydrophobic surface areas of the intermediates are comparatively less. Further analyses reveal no loss of CsA binding activity in rCyp intermediate. The thermodynamic stability of rCyp was also significantly increased in the presence of CsA, recommending that this protein could be employed to screen new CsA derivatives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Seal
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumitra Polley
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Sau
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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20
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Mackman RL, Steadman VA, Dean DK, Jansa P, Poullennec KG, Appleby T, Austin C, Blakemore CA, Cai R, Cannizzaro C, Chin G, Chiva JYC, Dunbar NA, Fliri H, Highton AJ, Hui H, Ji M, Jin H, Karki K, Keats AJ, Lazarides L, Lee YJ, Liclican A, Mish M, Murray B, Pettit SB, Pyun P, Sangi M, Santos R, Sanvoisin J, Schmitz U, Schrier A, Siegel D, Sperandio D, Stepan G, Tian Y, Watt GM, Yang H, Schultz BE. Discovery of a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Cyclophilin Inhibitor Derived from the Sanglifehrin Macrocycle. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9473-9499. [PMID: 30074795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins are a family of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases that are implicated in a wide range of diseases including hepatitis C. Our aim was to discover through total synthesis an orally bioavailable, non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin (Cyp) inhibitor with potent anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity that could serve as part of an all oral antiviral combination therapy. An initial lead 2 derived from the sanglifehrin A macrocycle was optimized using structure based design to produce a potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor 3. The macrocycle ring size was reduced by one atom, and an internal hydrogen bond drove improved permeability and drug-like properties. 3 demonstrates potent Cyp inhibition ( Kd = 5 nM), potent anti-HCV 2a activity (EC50 = 98 nM), and high oral bioavailability in rat (100%) and dog (55%). The synthetic accessibility and properties of 3 support its potential as an anti-HCV agent and for interrogating the role of Cyp inhibition in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Mackman
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Victoria A Steadman
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - David K Dean
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - Petr Jansa
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Karine G Poullennec
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - Todd Appleby
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Carol Austin
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A Blakemore
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - Ruby Cai
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Carina Cannizzaro
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Gregory Chin
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Jean-Yves C Chiva
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Dunbar
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - Hans Fliri
- Cypralis Ltd. , Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT , United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Highton
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - Hon Hui
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Mingzhe Ji
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Haolun Jin
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Kapil Karki
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Andrew J Keats
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - Linos Lazarides
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Jen Lee
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Albert Liclican
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Michael Mish
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Bernard Murray
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Simon B Pettit
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - Peter Pyun
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Michael Sangi
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Rex Santos
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Jonathan Sanvoisin
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - Uli Schmitz
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Adam Schrier
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Dustin Siegel
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - David Sperandio
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - George Stepan
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Yang Tian
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Gregory M Watt
- Selcia Ltd. , Fyfield Business and Research Park, Fyfield Road , Ongar , Essex CM5 0GS , United Kingdom
| | - Hai Yang
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
| | - Brian E Schultz
- Gilead Sciences Inc. , 333 Lakeside Drive , Foster City , California 94404 , United States
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21
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de Wilde AH, Pham U, Posthuma CC, Snijder EJ. Cyclophilins and cyclophilin inhibitors in nidovirus replication. Virology 2018; 522:46-55. [PMID: 30014857 PMCID: PMC7112023 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps) belong to the family of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases). The PPIase activity of most Cyps is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A and several of its non-immunosuppressive analogs, which can also block the replication of nidoviruses (arteriviruses and coronaviruses). Cyclophilins have been reported to play an essential role in the replication of several other RNA viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus-1, hepatitis C virus, and influenza A virus. Likewise, the replication of various nidoviruses was reported to depend on Cyps or other PPIases. This review summarizes our current understanding of this class of nidovirus-host interactions, including the potential function of in particular CypA and the inhibitory effect of Cyp inhibitors. Also the involvement of the FK-506-binding proteins and parvulins is discussed. The nidovirus data are placed in a broader perspective by summarizing the most relevant data on Cyp interactions and Cyp inhibitors for other RNA viruses. Nidovirus replication is inhibited by cyclophilin inhibitors. Arterivirus replication depends on cyclophilin A. Cyclosporin A blocks arterivirus RNA synthesis. Using cyclophilin inhibitors against nidoviruses in vivo needs more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan H de Wilde
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Uyen Pham
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clara C Posthuma
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Snijder
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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22
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Characterization of the Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Activity of New Nonpeptidic Small-Molecule Cyclophilin Inhibitors with the Potential for Broad Anti-Flaviviridae Activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00126-18. [PMID: 29760125 PMCID: PMC6021681 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00126-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although members of the Flaviviridae display high incidence, morbidity, and mortality rates, the development of specific antiviral drugs for each virus is unlikely. Cyclophilins, a family of host peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases), play a pivotal role in the life cycles of many viruses and therefore represent an attractive target for broad-spectrum antiviral development. We report here the pangenotypic anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity of a small-molecule cyclophilin inhibitor (SMCypI). Mechanistic and modeling studies revealed that the SMCypI bound to cyclophilin A in competition with cyclosporine (CsA), inhibited its PPIase activity, and disrupted the CypA-nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) interaction. Resistance selection showed that the lead SMCypI hardly selected amino acid substitutions conferring low-level or no resistance in vitro. Interestingly, the SMCypI selected D320E and Y321H substitutions, located in domain II of the NS5A protein. These substitutions were previously associated with low-level resistance to cyclophilin inhibitors such as alisporivir. Finally, the SMCypI inhibited the replication of other members of the Flaviviridae family with higher 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) than for HCV. Thus, because of its chemical plasticity and simplicity of synthesis, our new family of SMCypIs represents a promising new class of drugs with the potential for broad-spectrum anti-Flaviviridae activity as well as an invaluable tool to explore the role of cyclophilins in viral life cycles.
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23
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Liu H, Xue Q, Cao W, Yang F, Ma L, Liu W, Zhang K, Liu X, Zhu Z, Zheng H. Foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural protein 2B interacts with cyclophilin A, modulating virus replication. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201701351. [PMID: 29906248 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious virus that affects cloven-hoofed animals. To understand better the role of nonstructural protein 2B of the causative agent FMD virus (FMDV) in the process of virus replication, we identified a porcine host protein, cyclophilin A (CypA), which interacts with FMDV 2B. The 2B-CypA interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. CypA showed antiviral functions during FMDV infection. Overexpression of CypA decreased FMDV leader protein (Lpro) and 3A at protein levels. CypA-induced reduction of Lpro enhanced the synthesis of host proteins and increased the integrality of host eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)-4γ (eIF4G). The reduction of Lpro and 3A was dependent on the proteasome pathway. No interaction was identified between CypA and Lpro or 3A. However, CypA-induced reduction of Lpro and 3A was suppressed by 2B, and disruption of 2B-CypA interaction impaired this inhibitive effect induced by 2B. In summary, our findings identify the antiviral role of CypA against FMDV and provide key insights into how FMDV antagonizes host antiviral response by 2B protein.-Liu, H., Xue, Q., Cao, W., Yang, F., Ma, L., Liu, W., Zhang, K., Liu, X., Zhu, Z., Zheng, H. Foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural protein 2B interacts with cyclophilin A, modulating virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linna Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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24
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Zhao X, Xia C, Wang X, Wang H, Xin M, Yu L, Liang Y. Cyclophilin J PPIase Inhibitors Derived from 2,3-Quinoxaline-6 Amine Exhibit Antitumor Activity. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29520233 PMCID: PMC5826973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin J (CyPJ), also called peptidylprolyl isomerase like 3, has been identified as a novel member of the cyclophilin family. Our previous research has resolved the three-dimensional structure of CyPJ and demonstrated the peptidylprolyl cis–trans isomerase (PPIase) activity of CyPJ, which can be inhibited by the common immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA). Importantly, CyPJ is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and promotes tumor growth; CyPJ inhibition by CsA- or siRNA-based knockdown results in a remarkable suppression of HCC. These findings suggest that CyPJ may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC, and discovery of relevant inhibitors may facilitate development of a novel CyPJ-based targeting therapy. However, apart from the common inhibitor CsA, CyPJ has yet to be investigated as a target for cancer therapy. Here, we report structure-based identification of novel small molecule non-peptidic CyPJ inhibitors and their potential as antitumor lead compounds. Based on computer-aided virtual screening, in silico, and subsequently surface plasmon resonance analysis, 19 potential inhibitors of CyPJ were identified and selected for further evaluation of PPIase CyPJ inhibition in vitro. Thirteen out of 19 compounds exhibited notable inhibition against PPIase activity. Among them, the compound ZX-J-19, with a quinoxaline nucleus, showed potential for tumor inhibition; thus, we selected it for further structure–activity optimization. A total of 22 chemical derivatives with 2,3-substituted quinoxaline-6-amine modifications were designed and successfully synthesized. At least 2 out of the 22 derivatives, such as ZX-J-19j and ZX-J-19l, demonstrated remarkable inhibition of tumor cell growth, comparable to CsA but much stronger than 5-fluorouracil. These results indicate that these two small molecules represent novel potential lead compounds for CyPJ-based antitumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ming Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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25
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Coronaviruses and arteriviruses display striking differences in their cyclophilin A-dependence during replication in cell culture. Virology 2017; 517:148-156. [PMID: 29249267 PMCID: PMC7112125 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CypA) is an important host factor in the replication of a variety of RNA viruses. Also the replication of several nidoviruses was reported to depend on CypA, although possibly not to the same extent. These prior studies are difficult to compare, since different nidoviruses, cell lines and experimental set-ups were used. Here, we investigated the CypA dependence of three distantly related nidoviruses that can all replicate in Huh7 cells: the arterivirus equine arteritis virus (EAV), the alphacoronavirus human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), and the betacoronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The replication of these viruses was compared in the same parental Huh7 cells and in CypA-knockout Huh7 cells generated using CRISPR/Cas9-technology. CypA depletion reduced EAV yields by ~ 3-log, whereas MERS-CoV progeny titers were modestly reduced (3-fold) and HCoV-229E replication was unchanged. This study reveals that the replication of nidoviruses can differ strikingly in its dependence on cellular CypA. Nidoviruses display differences in sensitivity towards cyclophilin A depletion. Replication of MERS-coronavirus is reduced modestly in cyclophilin A-knockout cells. Equine arteritis virus replication is strongly inhibited by cyclophilin A depletion. Chromosomal anomalies complicate CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in Huh7 cells.
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26
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Kaufmann SHE, Dorhoi A, Hotchkiss RS, Bartenschlager R. Host-directed therapies for bacterial and viral infections. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 17:35-56. [PMID: 28935918 PMCID: PMC7097079 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Host-directed therapy (HDT) is a novel approach in the field of anti-infectives for overcoming antimicrobial resistance. HDT aims to interfere with host cell factors that are required by a pathogen for replication or persistence, to enhance protective immune responses against a pathogen, to reduce exacerbated inflammation and to balance immune reactivity at sites of pathology. HDTs encompassing the 'shock and kill' strategy or the delivery of recombinant interferons are possible approaches to treat HIV infections. HDTs that suppress the cytokine storm that is induced by some acute viral infections represent a promising concept. In tuberculosis, HDT aims to enhance the antimicrobial activities of phagocytes through phagosomal maturation, autophagy and antimicrobial peptides. HDTs also curtail inflammation through interference with soluble (such as eicosanoids or cytokines) or cellular (co-stimulatory molecules) factors and modulate granulomas to allow the access of antimicrobials or to restrict tissue damage. Numerous parallels between the immunological abnormalities that occur in sepsis and cancer indicate that the HDTs that are effective in oncology may also hold promise in sepsis. Advances in immune phenotyping, genetic screening and biosignatures will help to guide drug therapy to optimize the host response. Combinations of canonical pathogen-directed drugs and novel HDTs will become indispensable in treating emerging infections and diseases caused by drug-resistant pathogens.
Host-directed therapy (HDT) aims to interfere with host cell factors that are required by a pathogen for replication or persistence. In this Review, Kaufmannet al. describe recent progress in the development of HDTs for the treatment of viral and bacterial infections and the challenges in bringing these approaches to the clinic. Despite the recent increase in the development of antivirals and antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance and the lack of broad-spectrum virus-targeting drugs are still important issues and additional alternative approaches to treat infectious diseases are urgently needed. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is an emerging approach in the field of anti-infectives. The strategy behind HDT is to interfere with host cell factors that are required by a pathogen for replication or persistence, to enhance protective immune responses against a pathogen, to reduce exacerbated inflammation and to balance immune reactivity at sites of pathology. Although HDTs encompassing interferons are well established for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis, novel strategies aimed at the functional cure of persistent viral infections and the development of broad-spectrum antivirals against emerging viruses seem to be crucial. In chronic bacterial infections, such as tuberculosis, HDT strategies aim to enhance the antimicrobial activities of phagocytes and to curtail inflammation through interference with soluble factors (such as eicosanoids and cytokines) or cellular factors (such as co-stimulatory molecules). This Review describes current progress in the development of HDTs for viral and bacterial infections, including sepsis, and the challenges in bringing these new approaches to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Richard S Hotchkiss
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, 660 S. Euclid, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg Partner Site, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Microbial cyclophilins: specialized functions in virulence and beyond. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:164. [PMID: 28791545 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins belong to the superfamily of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases, EC: 5.2.1.8), the enzymes that catalyze the cis/trans isomerization of peptidyl-prolyl peptide bonds in unfolded and partially folded polypeptide chains and native state proteins. Cyclophilins have been extensively studied, since they are involved in multiple cellular processes related to human pathologies, such as neurodegenerative disorders, infectious diseases, and cancer. However, the presence of cyclophilins in all domains of life indicates a broader biological importance. In this mini-review, we summarize current advances in the study of microbial cyclophilins. Apart from their anticipated role in protein folding and chaperoning, cyclophilins are involved in several other biological processes, such as cellular signal transduction, adaptation to stress, control of pathogens virulence, and modulation of host immune response. Since many existing family members do not have well-defined functions and novel ones are being characterized, the requirement for further studies on their biological role and molecular mechanism of action is apparent.
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28
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Tanaka Y, Sato Y, Sasaki T. Feline coronavirus replication is affected by both cyclophilin A and cyclophilin B. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:190-200. [PMID: 27902373 PMCID: PMC7079567 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) causes the fatal disease feline infectious peritonitis, which is currently incurable by drug treatment, and no effective vaccines are available. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a cyclophilin (Cyp) inhibitor, inhibits the replication of FCoV in vitro and in vivo as well as the replication of human and animal coronaviruses. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of coronavirus replication by CsA is unknown. In this study, we analysed the role of Cyps in FCoV replication using knockdown and knockout cells specific to Cyps. Inhibition of CypA and CypB reduced FCoV replication, with replication in knockout cells being much less than that in knockdown cells. Furthermore, the proteins expressed by CypA and CypB harbouring mutations in their respective predicted peptidyl-prolyl cis–transisomerase active sites, which also alter the affinities between Cyps and CsA, inhibited FCoV replication. These findings indicate that the peptidyl-prolyl cis–transisomerase active sites of Cyps might be required for FCoV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yuka Sato
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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29
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Ahmed-Belkacem A, Colliandre L, Ahnou N, Nevers Q, Gelin M, Bessin Y, Brillet R, Cala O, Douguet D, Bourguet W, Krimm I, Pawlotsky JM, Guichou JF. Fragment-based discovery of a new family of non-peptidic small-molecule cyclophilin inhibitors with potent antiviral activities. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12777. [PMID: 27652979 PMCID: PMC5036131 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins are peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIase) that catalyse the interconversion of the peptide bond at proline residues. Several cyclophilins play a pivotal role in the life cycle of a number of viruses. The existing cyclophilin inhibitors, all derived from cyclosporine A or sanglifehrin A, have disadvantages, including their size, potential for side effects unrelated to cyclophilin inhibition and drug–drug interactions, unclear antiviral spectrum and manufacturing issues. Here we use a fragment-based drug discovery approach using nucleic magnetic resonance, X-ray crystallography and structure-based compound optimization to generate a new family of non-peptidic, small-molecule cyclophilin inhibitors with potent in vitro PPIase inhibitory activity and antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and coronaviruses. This family of compounds has the potential for broad-spectrum, high-barrier-to-resistance treatment of viral infections. Cyclophilins play a key role in the life cycle of many viruses and represent important drug targets for broad-spectrum antiviral therapies. Here, the authors use fragment-based drug discovery to develop non-peptidic inhibitors of human cyclophilins with high activity against replication of a number of viral families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Ahmed-Belkacem
- INSERM U955 'Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers', Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Lionel Colliandre
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Nazim Ahnou
- INSERM U955 'Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers', Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Quentin Nevers
- INSERM U955 'Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers', Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Muriel Gelin
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Bessin
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Rozenn Brillet
- INSERM U955 'Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers', Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Cala
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR5280, Université Lyon 1, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dominique Douguet
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Krimm
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR5280, Université Lyon 1, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- INSERM U955 'Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers', Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France.,National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and Delta, Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-François Guichou
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
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30
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Xiao J, Song X, Deng J, Lv L, Ma P, Gao B, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Xu J. Inhibition of cyclophilin A suppresses H2O2-enhanced replication of HCMV through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:961-71. [PMID: 27642560 PMCID: PMC5011495 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can be accelerated by intracellular and extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulation, mediated by the activation of the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, it remains unknown whether host gene expression is involved in H2O2‐upregulated HCMV replication. Here, we show that the expression of the host gene, cyclophilin A (CyPA), could be facilitated by treatment with H2O2 in a dose‐dependent manner. Experiments with CyPA‐specific siRNA, or with cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of CyPA, confirmed that H2O2‐mediated upregulation of HCMV replication is specifically mediated by upregulation of CyPA expression. Furthermore, depletion or inhibition of CyPA reduced H2O2‐induced p38 activation, consistent with that of H2O2‐upregulated HCMV lytic replication. These results show that H2O2 is capable of activating ROS‐CyPA–p38 MAPK interactions to enhance HCMV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply TechnologiesChina
| | - Xin Song
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply TechnologiesChina
| | - Jiang Deng
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply TechnologiesChina
| | - Liping Lv
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply TechnologiesChina
| | - Ping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply TechnologiesChina
| | - Bo Gao
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply TechnologiesChina
| | - Xipeng Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply TechnologiesChina
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply TechnologiesChina
| | - Jinbo Xu
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply TechnologiesChina
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31
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Eyckerman S, Titeca K, Van Quickelberghe E, Cloots E, Verhee A, Samyn N, De Ceuninck L, Timmerman E, De Sutter D, Lievens S, Van Calenbergh S, Gevaert K, Tavernier J. Trapping mammalian protein complexes in viral particles. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11416. [PMID: 27122307 PMCID: PMC4853472 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lysis is an inevitable step in classical mass spectrometry–based strategies to analyse protein complexes. Complementary lysis conditions, in situ cross-linking strategies and proximal labelling techniques are currently used to reduce lysis effects on the protein complex. We have developed Virotrap, a viral particle sorting approach that obviates the need for cell homogenization and preserves the protein complexes during purification. By fusing a bait protein to the HIV-1 GAG protein, we show that interaction partners become trapped within virus-like particles (VLPs) that bud from mammalian cells. Using an efficient VLP enrichment protocol, Virotrap allows the detection of known binary interactions and MS-based identification of novel protein partners as well. In addition, we show the identification of stimulus-dependent interactions and demonstrate trapping of protein partners for small molecules. Virotrap constitutes an elegant complementary approach to the arsenal of methods to study protein complexes. A large portion of the proteome carries out its cellular function as part of macromolecular complexes. Here the authors describe Virotrap, a novel lysis-free approach for the isolation and identification of biologically relevant protein-protein and small molecule-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Eyckerman
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Kevin Titeca
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Emmy Van Quickelberghe
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Eva Cloots
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Annick Verhee
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Noortje Samyn
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Leentje De Ceuninck
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Evy Timmerman
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Delphine De Sutter
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Sam Lievens
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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32
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von Brunn A, Ciesek S, von Brunn B, Carbajo-Lozoya J. Genetic deficiency and polymorphisms of cyclophilin A reveal its essential role for Human Coronavirus 229E replication. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 14:56-61. [PMID: 26318518 PMCID: PMC7102849 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Replication of coronaviruses is inhibited in vitro by cyclosporin A, a well-known immunosuppressive drug which binds to cellular cyclophilins thus inactivating their enzymatic cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase function. Latter is required for proper folding of cellular proteins and of proteins of several viruses. Here, we summarize present knowledge on the role of cyclophilin A during coronavirus replication. We present data on the effect of cyclophilin A single nucleotide polymorphism mutants on the replication of human CoV-229E demonstrating the requirement of proper cyclophilin A function for virus propagation. Results define cellular cyclophilin A as a host target for inhibition of coronaviruses ranging from relatively mild common cold to highly pathogenic SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses with the perspective of disclosing non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin A analogs to broadly inactivate the coronavirus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht von Brunn
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany.
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology und Endocrinology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Brigitte von Brunn
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - Javier Carbajo-Lozoya
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
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33
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Schmid F. Preface. Special Issue on Proline-directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1963-4. [PMID: 25999160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Schmid
- Laboratorium für Biochemie und Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Roles of Prolyl Isomerases in RNA-Mediated Gene Expression. Biomolecules 2015; 5:974-99. [PMID: 25992900 PMCID: PMC4496705 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) that include immunophilins (cyclophilins and FKBPs) and parvulins (Pin1, Par14, Par17) participate in cell signaling, transcription, pre-mRNA processing and mRNA decay. The human genome encodes 19 cyclophilins, 18 FKBPs and three parvulins. Immunophilins are receptors for the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A, FK506, and rapamycin that are used in organ transplantation. Pin1 has also been targeted in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, asthma, and a number of cancers. While these PPIases are characterized as molecular chaperones, they also act in a nonchaperone manner to promote protein-protein interactions using surfaces outside their active sites. The immunosuppressive drugs act by a gain-of-function mechanism by promoting protein-protein interactions in vivo. Several immunophilins have been identified as components of the spliceosome and are essential for alternative splicing. Pin1 plays roles in transcription and RNA processing by catalyzing conformational changes in the RNA Pol II C-terminal domain. Pin1 also binds several RNA binding proteins such as AUF1, KSRP, HuR, and SLBP that regulate mRNA decay by remodeling mRNP complexes. The functions of ribonucleoprotein associated PPIases are largely unknown. This review highlights PPIases that play roles in RNA-mediated gene expression, providing insight into their structures, functions and mechanisms of action in mRNP remodeling in vivo.
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