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Guo J, Lyu S, Qi Y, Chen X, Yang L, Zhao C, Wang H. Molecular evolution and gene expression of ferritin family involved in immune defense of lampreys. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 146:104729. [PMID: 37187445 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, one of the key regulators of iron homeostasis, is widely present throughout almost all species. The vertebrate ferritin family, which originates from a single gene in the ancestral invertebrates, contains the widest variety of ferritin subtypes among all animal species. However, the evolutionary history of the vertebrate ferritin family remains to be further clarified. In this study, genome-wide identification of the ferritin homologs is performed in lampreys, which are the extant representatives of jawless vertebrates that diverged from the future jawed vertebrates more than 500 million years ago. Molecular evolutionary analyses show that four members of the lamprey ferritin family, L-FT1-4, are derived from a common ancestor with jawed vertebrate ferritins prior to the divergence of the jawed vertebrate ferritin subtypes. The lamprey ferritin family shares evolutionarily conserved characteristics of the ferritin H subunit with higher vertebrates, but certain members such as L-FT1 additionally accumulate some features of the M or L subunits. Expression profiling reveals that lamprey ferritins are highly expressed in the liver. The transcription of L-FT1 is significantly induced in the liver and heart during lipopolysaccharide stimulation, indicating that L-FTs may play a role in the innate immune response to bacterial infection in lampreys. Furthermore, the transcriptional expression of L-FT1 in quiescent and LPS-activated leukocytes is up- and down-regulated by the lamprey TGF-β2, an essential regulator of the inflammatory response, respectively. Our results provide new insights into the origin and evolution of the vertebrate ferritin family and reveal that lamprey ferritins may be involved in immune regulation as target genes of the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfu Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Shuangyu Lyu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yanchen Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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Tribondeau A, Sachs LM, Buisine N. Tetrabromobisphenol A effects on differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells reveals unexpected impact on immune system. Front Genet 2022; 13:996826. [PMID: 36386828 PMCID: PMC9640982 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.996826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a potent flame retardant used in numerous appliances and a major pollutant in households and ecosystems. In vertebrates, it was shown to affect neurodevelopment, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and thyroid signaling, but its toxicity and modes of actions are still a matter of debate. The molecular phenotype resulting from exposure to TBBPA is only poorly described, especially at the level of transcriptome reprogramming, which further limits our understanding of its molecular toxicity. In this work, we combined functional genomics and system biology to provide a system-wide description of the transcriptomic alterations induced by TBBPA acting on differentiating mESCs, and provide potential new toxicity markers. We found that TBBPA-induced transcriptome reprogramming affect a large collection of genes loosely connected within the network of biological pathways, indicating widespread interferences on biological processes. We also found two hotspots of action: at the level of neuronal differentiation markers, and surprisingly, at the level of immune system functions, which has been largely overlooked until now. This effect is particularly strong, as terminal differentiation markers of both myeloid and lymphoid lineages are strongly reduced: the membrane T cell receptor (Cd79a, Cd79b), interleukin seven receptor (Il7r), macrophages cytokine receptor (Csf1r), monocyte chemokine receptor (Ccr2). Also, the high affinity IgE receptor (Fcer1g), a key mediator of allergic reactions, is strongly induced. Thus, the molecular imbalance induce by TBBPA may be stronger than initially realized.
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Dini P, Kalbfleisch T, Uribe-Salazar JM, Carossino M, Ali HES, Loux SC, Esteller-Vico A, Norris JK, Anand L, Scoggin KE, Rodriguez Lopez CM, Breen J, Bailey E, Daels P, Ball BA. Parental bias in expression and interaction of genes in the equine placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2006474118. [PMID: 33853939 PMCID: PMC8072238 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006474118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most autosomal genes in the placenta show a biallelic expression pattern. However, some genes exhibit allele-specific transcription depending on the parental origin of the chromosomes on which the copy of the gene resides. Parentally expressed genes are involved in the reciprocal interaction between maternal and paternal genes, coordinating the allocation of resources between fetus and mother. One of the main challenges of studying parental-specific allelic expression (allele-specific expression [ASE]) in the placenta is the maternal cellular remnant at the fetomaternal interface. Horses (Equus caballus) have an epitheliochorial placenta in which both the endometrial epithelium and the epithelium of the chorionic villi are juxtaposed with minimal extension into the uterine mucosa, yet there is no information available on the allelic gene expression of equine chorioallantois (CA). In the current study, we present a dataset of 1,336 genes showing ASE in the equine CA (https://pouya-dini.github.io/equine-gene-db/) along with a workflow for analyzing ASE genes. We further identified 254 potentially imprinted genes among the parentally expressed genes in the equine CA and evaluated the expression pattern of these genes throughout gestation. Our gene ontology analysis implies that maternally expressed genes tend to decrease the length of gestation, while paternally expressed genes extend the length of gestation. This study provides fundamental information regarding parental gene expression during equine pregnancy, a species with a negligible amount of maternal cellular remnant in its placenta. This information will provide the basis for a better understanding of the role of parental gene expression in the placenta during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Dini
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Theodore Kalbfleisch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - José M Uribe-Salazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Genome Center, Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Shavahn C Loux
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Alejandro Esteller-Vico
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Jamie K Norris
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Lakshay Anand
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Carlos M Rodriguez Lopez
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - James Breen
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Ernest Bailey
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503
| | - Peter Daels
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Barry A Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503;
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Genolet O, Monaco AA, Dunkel I, Boettcher M, Schulz EG. Identification of X-chromosomal genes that drive sex differences in embryonic stem cells through a hierarchical CRISPR screening approach. Genome Biol 2021; 22:110. [PMID: 33863351 PMCID: PMC8051100 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-chromosomal genes contribute to sex differences, in particular during early development, when both X chromosomes are active in females. Double X-dosage shifts female pluripotent cells towards the naive stem cell state by increasing pluripotency factor expression, inhibiting the differentiation-promoting MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and delaying differentiation. RESULTS To identify the genetic basis of these sex differences, we use a two-step CRISPR screening approach to comprehensively identify X-linked genes that cause the female pluripotency phenotype in murine embryonic stem cells. A primary chromosome-wide CRISPR knockout screen and three secondary screens assaying for different aspects of the female pluripotency phenotype allow us to uncover multiple genes that act in concert and to disentangle their relative roles. Among them, we identify Dusp9 and Klhl13 as two central players. While Dusp9 mainly affects MAPK pathway intermediates, Klhl13 promotes pluripotency factor expression and delays differentiation, with both factors jointly repressing MAPK target gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Here, we elucidate the mechanisms that drive sex-induced differences in pluripotent cells and our approach serves as a blueprint to discover the genetic basis of the phenotypic consequences of other chromosomal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Genolet
- Otto Warburg Laboratories, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna A Monaco
- Otto Warburg Laboratories, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Present address: BIMSB, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilona Dunkel
- Otto Warburg Laboratories, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Edda G Schulz
- Otto Warburg Laboratories, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
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Di Sanzo M, Quaresima B, Biamonte F, Palmieri C, Faniello MC. FTH1 Pseudogenes in Cancer and Cell Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:E2554. [PMID: 33260500 PMCID: PMC7760355 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin, the principal intracellular iron-storage protein localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria, plays a major role in iron metabolism. The encoding ferritin genes are members of a multigene family that includes some pseudogenes. Even though pseudogenes have been initially considered as relics of ancient genes or junk DNA devoid of function, their role in controlling gene expression in normal and transformed cells has recently been re-evaluated. Numerous studies have revealed that some pseudogenes compete with their parental gene for binding to the microRNAs (miRNAs), while others generate small interference RNAs (siRNAs) to decrease functional gene expression, and still others encode functional mutated proteins. Consequently, pseudogenes can be considered as actual master regulators of numerous biological processes. Here, we provide a detailed classification and description of the structural features of the ferritin pseudogenes known to date and review the recent evidence on their mutual interrelation within the complex regulatory network of the ferritin gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Di Sanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.S.); (B.Q.); (F.B.)
| | - Barbara Quaresima
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.S.); (B.Q.); (F.B.)
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.S.); (B.Q.); (F.B.)
| | - Camillo Palmieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.S.); (B.Q.); (F.B.)
| | - Maria Concetta Faniello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.S.); (B.Q.); (F.B.)
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy promotes ferroptosis induced by erastin, but not by RSL3 in HeLa cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118913. [PMID: 33245979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death characterized by a lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides due to an increase of intracellular iron and a decrease of antioxidant capacity. The reduction of antioxidant activity is obtained by using chemical agents, such as erastin and RSL3, the first one inhibiting the transmembrane cystine-glutamate antiporter causing a cysteine and glutathione depletion and the second one inactivating directly the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) respectively. The role of iron and its related proteins in supporting the formation of lipid peroxides, is not completely understood hence to try to shed light on it we generated HeLa clones with altered ferritinophagy, the ferritin degradation process, by knocking-out or overexpressing Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4 (NCOA4), the ferritin autophagic cargo-receptor. NCOA4 deficiency abolished ferritinophagy increasing ferritin level and making the cells more resistant to erastin, but unexpectedly more sensitive to RSL3. Interestingly, we found that erastin promoted ferritinophagy in HeLa cells expressing NCOA4, increasing the free iron, lipid peroxidation and the sensitivity to ferroptosis. In contrast, RSL3 did not modulate ferritinophagy, while NCOA4 overexpression delayed RSL3-induced cell death suggesting that RSL3 mechanism of action is independent of ferritin degradation process. Therefore, the ferritin-iron release in the execution of ferroptosis seems to depend on the inducing compound, its target and downstream pathway of cell death activation.
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Golan MP, Piłsyk S, Muszewska A, Wawrzyniak A. Ferritins in Chordata: Potential evolutionary trajectory marked by discrete selective pressures: History and reclassification of ferritins in chordates and geological events' influence on their evolution and radiation. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000207. [PMID: 33226145 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferritins (FTs) are iron storage proteins that are involved in managing iron-oxygen balance. In our work, we present a hypothesis on the putative effect of geological changes that have affected the evolution and radiation of ferritin proteins. Based on sequence analysis and phylogeny reconstruction, we hypothesize that two significant factors have been involved in the evolution of ferritin proteins: fluctuations of atmospheric oxygen concentrations, altering redox potential, and changing availability of water rich in bioavailable ferric ions. Fish, ancient amphibians, reptiles, and placental mammals developed the broadest repertoire of singular FTs, attributable to embryonic growth in aquatic environments containing low oxygen levels and abundant forms of soluble iron. In contrast, oviparous land vertebrates, like reptiles and birds, that have developed in high oxygen levels and limited levels of environmental Fe2+ exhibit a lower diversity of singular FTs, but display a broad repertoire of subfamilies, particularly notable in early reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej P Golan
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Sebastian Piłsyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Muszewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Morphological Sciences Department, College for Medical Sciences of University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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Aurrière J, Goudenège D, Baris OR, Boguenet M, May-Panloup P, Lenaers G, Khiati S. Cancer/Testis Antigens into mitochondria: a hub between spermatogenesis, tumorigenesis and mitochondrial physiology adaptation. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:73-81. [PMID: 33220498 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer/Testis Antigens (CTAs) genes are expressed only during spermatogenesis and tumorigenesis. Both processes share common specific metabolic adaptation related to energy supply, with a glucose to lactate gradient, leading to changes in mitochondrial physiology paralleling CTAs expression. In this review, we address the role of CTAs in mitochondria (mitoCTAs), by reviewing all published data, and assessing the putative localization of CTAs by screening for the presence of a mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS). We evidenced that among the 276 CTAs, five were already shown to interfere with mitochondrial activities and 67 display a potential MTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Aurrière
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - David Goudenège
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Olivier R Baris
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Magalie Boguenet
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Pascale May-Panloup
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France; Reproductive Biology Unit, Angers University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Salim Khiati
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France.
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Tang R, Liu X, Pan L, Chen R. Novel mutation in FTHL17 gene in pedigree with 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:1226-1235.e1. [PMID: 30922653 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic cause of a pedigree with four patients with 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (PGD). DESIGN Genetic mutation study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Four first cousins, from three households of a Chinese pedigree, affected by 46,XY PGD. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The patients were studied from clinical and genetic perspectives. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted in family members. RESULT(S) Four first cousins in the third generation were affected by 46,XY PGD. A specific familial characteristic was the prevalence of as high as 100% of gonadal tumors in patients. Whole-genome sequencing identified a new ferritin heavy chain-like 17 (FTHL17) mutation, c.GA442_443TT (p.E148L), which has the potential to interfere with protein function and cause 46,XY PGD. Moreover, the location (Xp21.2) of the FTHL17 gene proves that the family is X-linked recessive. In vitro functional study revealed that the perturbation of FTHL17 caused the decrease of protein expression and cell proliferation. CONCLUSION(S) We describe the first 46,XY PGD pedigree that may be attributed to mutations of the FTHL17 gene. We speculated that the FTHL17 gene is involved in the testis-determining pathway and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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VanBelzen DJ, Malik AS, Henthorn PS, Kornegay JN, Stedman HH. Mechanism of Deletion Removing All Dystrophin Exons in a Canine Model for DMD Implicates Concerted Evolution of X Chromosome Pseudogenes. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2017; 4:62-71. [PMID: 28344992 PMCID: PMC5363321 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-linked, muscle-wasting disorder caused by mutations in the large, 2.4-Mb dystrophin gene. The majority of DMD-causing mutations are sporadic, multi-exon, frameshifting deletions, with the potential for variable immunological tolerance to the dystrophin protein from patient to patient. While systemic gene therapy holds promise in the treatment of DMD, immune responses to vectors and transgenes must first be rigorously evaluated in informative preclinical models to ensure patient safety. A widely used canine model for DMD, golden retriever muscular dystrophy, expresses detectable amounts of near full-length dystrophin due to alternative splicing around an intronic point mutation, thereby confounding the interpretation of immune responses to dystrophin-derived gene therapies. Here we characterize a naturally occurring deletion in a dystrophin-null canine, the German shorthaired pointer. The deletion spans 5.6 Mb of the X chromosome and encompasses all coding exons of the DMD and TMEM47 genes. The sequences surrounding the deletion breakpoints are virtually identical, suggesting that the deletion occurred through a homologous recombination event. Interestingly, the deletion breakpoints are within loci that are syntenically conserved among mammals, yet the high homology among this subset of ferritin-like loci is unique to the canine genome, suggesting lineage-specific concerted evolution of these atypical sequence elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Jake VanBelzen
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alock S. Malik
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paula S. Henthorn
- Section of Medical Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joe N. Kornegay
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hansell H. Stedman
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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DNA methylation of the Fthl17 5'-upstream region regulates differential Fthl17 expression in lung cancer cells and germline stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172219. [PMID: 28207785 PMCID: PMC5312872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ferritin heavy polypeptide-like 17 (Fthl17) gene is a member of the cancer/testis antigen gene family, and is preferentially expressed in cancer cells and in testis. Although DNA methylation has been linked to the regulation of human FTHL17 gene expression, detailed epigenetic regulation of its expression has not been investigated. To address this, we assessed the epigenetic regulation of murine Fthl17 gene expression in cancer cells and germ cells. Fthl17 was more highly expressed in testis, a murine lung cancer cell line, KLN205, and in germline stem cells (GSCs) than in normal lung tissues. Furthermore, the Fthl17 expression level in GSCs was significantly higher than in KLN205 cells. We performed bisulfite-sequencing and luciferase (luc) reporter assays to examine the role of DNA methylation of the Fthl17 promoter in the regulation of Fthl17 expression. In KLN205 cells, testis, and GSCs, the Fthl17 5’-upstream region was hypo-methylated compared with normal lung tissues. Luc reporter assays indicated that hypo-methylation of the -0.6 kb to 0 kb region upstream from the transcription start site (TSS) was involved in the up-regulation of Fthl17 expression in KLN205 cells and GSCs. Because the -0.6 kb to -0.3 kb or the -0.3 kb to 0 kb region were relatively more hypo-methylated in KLN205 cells and in GSCs, respectively, compared with other regions between -0.6 kb to 0 kb, those regions may contribute to Fthl17 up-regulation in each cell type. Following treatment with 5-Azacytidine, the -0.3 kb to 0 kb region became hypo-methylated, and Fthl17 expression was up-regulated in KLN205 cells to a level comparable to that in GSCs. Together, the results suggest that hypo-methylation of different but adjacent regions immediately upstream of the Fthl17 gene contribute to differential expression levels in lung cancer cells and GSCs, and hypo-methylation of the TSS-proximal region may be critical for high level expression.
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Li L, Zhang L, Knez M. Comparison of two endogenous delivery agents in cancer therapy: Exosomes and ferritin. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Ferritins, the main intracellular iron storage proteins, have been studied for over 60 years, mainly focusing on the mammalian ones. This allowed the elucidation of the structure of these proteins and the mechanisms regulating their iron incorporation and mineralization. However, ferritin is present in most, although not all, eukaryotic cells, comprising monocellular and multicellular invertebrates and vertebrates. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the general properties of ferritins that are common to various eukaryotic phyla (except plants), and to give an overview on the structure, function and regulation of ferritins. An update on the animal models that were used to characterize H, L and mitochondrial ferritins is also provided. The data show that ferritin structure is highly conserved among different phyla. It exerts an important cytoprotective function against oxidative damage and plays a role in innate immunity, where it also contributes to prevent parenchymal tissue from the cytotoxicity of pro-inflammatory agonists released by the activation of the immune response activation. Less clear are the properties of the secretory ferritins expressed by insects and molluscs, which may be important for understanding the role played by serum ferritin in mammals.
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14
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Di Sanzo M, Aversa I, Santamaria G, Gagliardi M, Panebianco M, Biamonte F, Zolea F, Faniello MC, Cuda G, Costanzo F. FTH1P3, a Novel H-Ferritin Pseudogene Transcriptionally Active, Is Ubiquitously Expressed and Regulated during Cell Differentiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151359. [PMID: 26982978 PMCID: PMC4794146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin, the major iron storage protein, performs its essential functions in the cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondria. The variable assembly of 24 subunits of the Heavy (H) and Light (L) type composes the cytoplasmic molecule. In humans, two distinct genes code these subunits, both belonging to complex multigene families. Until now, one H gene has been identified with the coding sequence interrupted by three introns and more than 20 intronless copies widely dispersed on different chromosomes. Two of the intronless genes are actively transcribed in a tissue-specific manner. Herein, we report that FTH1P3, another intronless pseudogene, is transcribed. FTH1P3 transcript was detected in several cell lines and tissues, suggesting that its transcription is ubiquitary, as it happens for the parental ferritin H gene. Moreover, FTH1P3 expression is positively regulated during the cell differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Di Sanzo
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ilenia Aversa
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Mariafranca Panebianco
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabiana Zolea
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Faniello
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
- * E-mail:
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15
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Sun W, Jiao C, Xiao Y, Wang L, Yu C, Liu J, Yu Y, Wang L. Salt-Dependent Aggregation and Assembly of E coli-Expressed Ferritin. Dose Response 2016; 14:1559325816632102. [PMID: 26977139 PMCID: PMC4773902 DOI: 10.1177/1559325816632102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin, with the primary function of iron storage, is a nearly ubiquitous protein found in most living organisms. Our recent investigations suggest that ferritin can assemble nanoparticles. So we use ferritin as a novel type of delivery vehicle for recombinant epitope vaccines. And, we found that ferritin form nonnative aggregates depended sensitively on NaCl concentrations. Here, we report that ferritin is an ion-sensitive protein and has the attribute of salt-dependent aggregation. Our results indicate that recombinant ferritin can be released as a soluble form from Escherichia coli at low NaCl concentrations (≤50 mmol/L). Moreover, this result affords us to confirm a proper self-assembling solution for soluble ferritin or other ferritin-based fusion proteins to assemble nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengfeng Jiao
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luowei Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Eid R, Boucher E, Gharib N, Khoury C, Arab NTT, Murray A, Young PG, Mandato CA, Greenwood MT. Identification of human ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1 (FTH1) and yeast RGI1 (YER067W) as pro-survival sequences that counteract the effects of Bax and copper in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Exp Cell Res 2016; 342:52-61. [PMID: 26886577 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is a sub-family of iron binding proteins that form multi-subunit nanotype iron storage structures and prevent oxidative stress induced apoptosis. Here we describe the identification and characterization of human ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1 (FTH1) as a suppressor of the pro-apoptotic murine Bax sequence in yeast. In addition we demonstrate that FTH1 is a general pro-survival sequence since it also prevents the cell death inducing effects of copper when heterologously expressed in yeast. Although ferritins are phylogenetically widely distributed and are present in most species of Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya, ferritin is conspicuously absent in most fungal species including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An in silico analysis of the yeast proteome lead to the identification of the 161 residue RGI1 (YER067W) encoded protein as a candidate for being a yeast ferritin. In addition to sharing 20% sequence identity with the 183 residue FTH1, RGI1 also has similar pro-survival properties as ferritin when overexpressed in yeast. Analysis of recombinant protein by SDS-PAGE and by electron microscopy revealed the expected formation of higher-order structures for FTH1 that was not observed with Rgi1p. Further analysis revealed that cells overexpressing RGI1 do not show increased resistance to iron toxicity and do not have enhanced capacity to store iron. In contrast, cells lacking RGI1 were found to be hypersensitive to the toxic effects of iron. Overall, our results suggest that Rgi1p is a novel pro-survival protein whose function is not related to ferritin but nevertheless it may have a role in regulating yeast sensitivity to iron stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Eid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Boucher
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nada Gharib
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chamel Khoury
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nagla T T Arab
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alistair Murray
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul G Young
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig A Mandato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael T Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Maxfield KE, Taus PJ, Corcoran K, Wooten J, Macion J, Zhou Y, Borromeo M, Kollipara RK, Yan J, Xie Y, Xie XJ, Whitehurst AW. Comprehensive functional characterization of cancer-testis antigens defines obligate participation in multiple hallmarks of cancer. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8840. [PMID: 26567849 PMCID: PMC4660212 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumours frequently activate genes whose expression is otherwise biased to the testis,
collectively known as cancer–testis antigens (CTAs). The extent to which
CTA expression represents epiphenomena or confers tumorigenic traits is unknown. In
this study, to address this, we implemented a multidimensional functional genomics
approach that incorporates 7 different phenotypic assays in 11 distinct disease
settings. We identify 26 CTAs that are essential for tumor cell viability and/or are
pathological drivers of HIF, WNT or TGFβ signalling. In particular, we
discover that Foetal and Adult Testis Expressed 1 (FATE1) is a key survival factor
in multiple oncogenic backgrounds. FATE1 prevents the accumulation of the
stress-sensing BH3-only protein, BCL-2-Interacting Killer (BIK), thereby permitting
viability in the presence of toxic stimuli. Furthermore, ZNF165 promotes
TGFβ signalling by directly suppressing the expression of negative feedback
regulatory pathways. This action is essential for the survival of triple negative
breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, CTAs make significant
direct contributions to tumour biology. Proteins usually expressed solely in the testes are often found
over-expressed in cancer and are termed cancer testis antigens. Here, the authors use a
comprehensive screening strategy to identify 26 cancer-testis antigens that promote
tumorigenic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Maxfield
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Patrick J Taus
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen Corcoran
- Department of Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Joshua Wooten
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer Macion
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yunyun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Science, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Mark Borromeo
- Department of Neuroscience, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Rahul K Kollipara
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jingsheng Yan
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Clinical Science, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Xian-Jin Xie
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Clinical Science, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Angelique W Whitehurst
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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