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Gouilleux B, Christensen NV, Malmos KG, Vosegaard T. Analytical Evaluation of Low-Field 31P NMR Spectroscopy for Lipid Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3035-3042. [PMID: 30657309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the potential of 31P NMR with simple, maintenance-free benchtop spectrometers to probe phospholipids in complex mixtures. 31P NMR-based lipidomics has become an important topic in a wide range of applications in food- and health-sciences, and the continuous improvements of compact, maintenance- and cryogen-free instruments opens new opportunities for NMR routine analyses. A prior milestone is the evaluation of the analytical performance provided by 31P NMR at low magnetic field. To address this, we assess the ability of state-of-the-art benchtop NMR spectrometers to detect, identify, and quantify several types of phospholipids in mixtures. Relying on heteronuclear cross-polarization experiments, phospholipids can be detected in 2 h with a limit of detection of 0.5 mM at 1 T and 0.2 mM at 2 T, while the headgroups of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidyl-glycerol (PG) can be unambiguously assigned based on 2D 1H-31P total correlated spectroscopy (TOCSY) spectra. Furthermore, two quantitative methods to obtain absolute concentrations are proposed and discussed, and the performance is evaluated regarding precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Gouilleux
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nichlas Vous Christensen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kirsten G Malmos
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vosegaard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14 , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Fairgrieve-Park L, Fallone CJ, Yahya A. Long TE PRESS and STEAM for measuring the triglyceride glycerol CH 2 protons at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4021. [PMID: 30376203 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The glycerol methylene proton resonances (4-4.5 parts per million, ppm), which arise from the triglyceride backbone, are relevant to fat composition assessment and can be measured with proton MRS. The purpose of the presented work is to determine long TE (echo time) point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) values at 3 T to resolve the glycerol resonances from that of overlapping water. The response of the glycerol methylene protons of nine edible oils as a function of PRESS and STEAM TE (mixing time, TM = 20 ms) was investigated. In addition, high resolution NMR spectra of the oils were acquired at 16.5 T. Long TE values where J-coupling losses were lowest were selected, namely a TE of 180 ms for PRESS (first echo time 17 ms) and a TE of 100 ms for STEAM (mixing time 20 ms). Oil olefinic (≈5.4 ppm) to glycerol ratios were calculated from the long TE spectra and correlated with 16.5 T ratios. The two techniques yielded olefinic/glycerol ratios that correlated with 16.5 T ratios (R2 = 0.79 for PRESS and 0.90 for STEAM). The efficacy of the sequences in resolving the glycerol resonance from that of water was verified in vivo on tibial bone marrow of four healthy volunteers. In addition, the potential for using the glycerol methylene signal normalized to the methyl signal (≈0.9 ppm) to assess changes in free fatty acid content was demonstrated by measuring differences in spectra acquired from a triglyceride peanut oil phantom and from a phantom composed of a mixture of peanut oil and free fatty acid oleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara J Fallone
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Li J, Vosegaard T, Guo Z. Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance in lipid analyses: An emerging powerful tool for lipidomics studies. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 68:37-56. [PMID: 28911967 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of lipids in cell, tissue, and organ physiology is crucial; as many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases, are closely related to absorption and metabolism of lipids. Mass spectrometry (MS) based methods are the most developed powerful tools to study the synthetic pathways and metabolic networks of cellular lipids in biological systems; leading to the birth of an emerging subject lipidomics, which has been extensively reviewed. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), another powerful analytical tool, which allows the visualization of single atoms and molecules, is receiving increasing attention in lipidomics analyses. However, very little work focusing on lipidomic studies using NMR has been critically reviewed. This paper presents a first comprehensive summary of application of 1H, 13C &31P NMR in lipids and lipidomics analyses. The scientific basis, principles and characteristic diagnostic peaks assigned to specific atoms/molecular structures of lipids are presented. Applications of 2D NMR in mapping and monitoring of the components and their changes in complex lipids systems, as well as alteration of lipid profiling over disease development are also reviewed. The applications of NMR lipidomics in diseases diagnosis and food adulteration are exemplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Li
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Vosegaard
- Danish Center for Ultrahigh-Field NMR Spectroscopy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Shariff MI, Tognarelli JM, Lewis MR, Want EJ, Mohamed FEZ, Ladep NG, Crossey MM, Khan SA, Jalan R, Holmes E, Taylor-Robinson SD. Plasma Lipid Profiling in a Rat Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potential Modulation Through Quinolone Administration. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015; 5:286-94. [PMID: 26900269 PMCID: PMC4723654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2015.07.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The primary aim of this study was to characterise the blood metabolic profile of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a rat model, and the secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of the quinolone, norfloxacin on metabolic profiles and exploring the role that gut sterilisation may have on HCC development. METHODS HCC was induced in 10 Fischer rats by administration of intra-peritoneal diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and oral N-nitrosomorpholine. Plasma was collected upon sacrifice. Five of these rats were concomitantly administered oral norfloxacin. Six Fischer non-treated rats acted as healthy controls. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were acquired using a 600 MHz NMR system. RESULTS Control animals were 120 g heavier than diseased counterparts. Proton NMR spectra from diseased rats displayed significant decreases in lipoproteins, unsaturated fatty acids, acetyl-glycoprotein, acetoacetate, and glucose (P ≤ 0.001). Plasma citrate and formate levels were increased (P = 0.02). Norfloxacin appeared to abrogate this effect slightly. CONCLUSION The spectral profiles of plasma in rats with HCC display marked changes with relation to lipid metabolism and cellular turnover. Norfloxacin appears to moderate these metabolic alterations to a small degree.
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Key Words
- 1-D, one-dimensional
- 1H, human proton
- CPMG, Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill 3B
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- FID, free induction decay
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- NMOR, N-nitrosomorpholine
- NMR spectroscopy
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- NOESY, nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy
- PCA, principal components analysis
- PLS-DA, partial least squares discriminant analysis
- Q2, goodness of prediction
- R2, goodness of fit
- RD, relaxation delay
- RF, radiofrequency
- SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
- TLR-4, Toll-like receptor 4
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- metabonomics
- norfloxacin
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I.F. Shariff
- Liver Unit, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua M. Tognarelli
- Liver Unit, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Address for correspondence: Joshua Tognarelli, Liver Unit, Department Of Medicine, 10th Floor QEQM Wing, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, South Wharf Street, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom. Tel.: +44 207 886 6454; fax: +44 207 724 9369.
| | - Matthew R. Lewis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J. Want
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nimzing G. Ladep
- Liver Unit, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mary M.E. Crossey
- Liver Unit, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Shahid A. Khan
- Liver Unit, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Department of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D. Taylor-Robinson
- Liver Unit, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were (1) to determine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic characteristics and metabolite profiles of serum samples from patients with pancreatic cancer compared with noncancerous control samples and (2) to ascertain if the accuracy of metabolite identification by 1D spectra can be improved upon by confirmation of spin-system assignment using more sophisticated experiments. METHODS Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, including 1D, total correlation spectroscopy, and heteronuclear multiple/single quantum coherence, were obtained from serum samples from patients with pancreatic cancer and control subjects and used to determine serum levels of a range of metabolites. RESULTS The data show that total choline (P = 0.03), taurine (P = 0.03), and glucose plus triglycerides (P = 0.01) are significantly higher in cancer versus control samples. Also detected were species that could not be individually identified and that were designated UCM (unresolved complex matter). Levels of UCM are significantly higher in subjects with cancer, being almost double those of control samples. CONCLUSIONS Although metabolites such as lactate, taurine, glucose, choline, and triglycerides can be determined from 1D spectra, accuracy is improved by confirmation of spin-system assignment with total correlation spectroscopy and heteronuclear multiple/single quantum coherence spectral analysis. In addition, we introduce a new metric, UCM, which is at higher concentrations in cancer compared with control samples.
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Zhu H, Rubin D, He Q. The fast spiral-SelMQC technique for in vivo MR spectroscopic imaging of polyunsaturated fatty acids in human breast tissue. Magn Reson Med 2012; 67:8-19. [PMID: 22028250 PMCID: PMC3245377 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The selective multiple-quantum coherence transfer method has been applied to image polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) distributions in human breast tissues in vivo for cancer detection, with complete suppression of the unwanted lipid and water signals in a single scan. The Cartesian k-space mapping of PUFA in vivo using the selective multiple-quantum coherence transfer (Sel-MQC) chemical shift imaging (CSI) technique, however, requires excessive MR scan time. In this article, we report a fast Spiral-SelMQC sequence using a rapid spiral k-space sampling scheme. The Spiral-SelMQC images of PUFA distribution in human breast were acquired using two-interleaved spirals on a 3 T GE Signa magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Approximately 160-fold reduction of acquisition time was observed as compared with the corresponding selective multiple-quantum coherence transfer CSI method with an equivalent number of scans, permitting acquisition of high-resolution PUFA images in minutes. The reconstructed Spiral-SelMQC PUFA images of human breast tissues achieved a sub-millimeter resolution of 0.54 × 0.54 or 0.63 × 0.63 mm(2) /pixel for field of view = 14 or 16 cm, respectively. The Spiral-SelMQC parameters for PUFA detection were optimized in 2D selective multiple-quantum coherence transfer experiments to suppress monounsaturated fatty acids and other lipid signals. The fast in vivo Spiral-SelMQC imaging method will be applied to study human breast cancer and other human diseases in extracranial organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Denis Rubin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Qiuhong He
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Griffitts J, Saunders D, Tesiram YA, Reid GE, Salih A, Liu S, Lydic TA, Busik JV, Kang JX, Towner RA. Non-mammalian fat-1 gene prevents neoplasia when introduced to a mouse hepatocarcinogenesis model: Omega-3 fatty acids prevent liver neoplasia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2010; 1801:1133-44. [PMID: 20620224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a non-mammalian omega-3 desaturase in a mouse hepatocarcinogenesis model. Mice containing double mutations (DM) in c-myc and TGF-alpha (transforming growth factor-alpha), leading to liver neoplasia, were crossed with mice containing omega-3 desaturase. MRI analysis of triple mutant (TM) mice showed the absence of neoplasia at all time points for 92% of mice in the study. Pathological changes of TM (TGFalpha/c-myc/fat-1) mouse liver tissue was similar to control mouse liver tissue. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements of unsaturated fatty acids found a significant difference (p<0.005) between DM and TM transgenic (Tg) mice at 34 and 40 weeks of age. HPLC analysis of mouse liver tissue revealed markedly decreased levels of omega-6 fatty acids in TM mice when compared to DM (TGFalpha/c-myc) and control (CD1) mice. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis indicated significantly decreased 16:0/20:4 and 18:1/20:4 and elevated 16:0/22:6 fatty acyl groups in both GPCho and GPEtn, and elevated 16:0/20:5, 18:0/18:2, 18:0/18:1 and 18:0/22:6 in GPCho, within TM mice compared to DM mice. Total fatty acid analysis indicated a significant decrease in 18:1n9 in TM mice compared to DM mice. Western blot analysis of liver tissue showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB) levels at 40 weeks of age in TM mice compared to DM mice. Microarray analysis of TM versus DM mice livers at 40 weeks revealed alterations in genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cell-to-cell signaling, p53 signaling, and arachidonic acid (20:4) metabolism. Endogenous omega-3 fatty acids were found to prevent HCC development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Griffitts
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Griffitts J, Tesiram Y, Reid GE, Saunders D, Floyd RA, Towner RA. In vivo MRS assessment of altered fatty acyl unsaturation in liver tumor formation of a TGF alpha/c-myc transgenic mouse model. J Lipid Res 2008; 50:611-22. [PMID: 19065002 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800265-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current detection methods (computed tomography, ultrasound, and MRI) for hepatocarcinogenesis in humans rely on visual confirmation of neoplastic formations. A more effective early detection method is needed. Using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we show that alterations in the integral ratios of the bis-allyl to vinyl hydrogen protons in unsaturated lipid fatty acyl groups correlate with the development of neoplastic formations in vivo in a TGFalpha/c-myc mouse hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. HPLC analysis of the TGFalpha/c-myc mice liver tissue revealed a significant increase in the amount of oleic acid, along with alterations in linoleic and gamma-linolenic acids, as compared with control CD1 mice. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis indicated a significant increase in the abundance of specific glycerol phosphatidylcholine (GPCho) lipids containing palmitic and oleic acids between control CD1 and TGFalpha/c-myc mice liver tissue extracts. Western blot analysis of the mice liver tissue indicates alterations in the desaturase enzyme stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD)1, responsible for palmitic and oleic acid formation. Microarray analysis detected alterations in several genes involved with fatty acid metabolism, particularly SCD2, in transgenic mouse liver tissue. In correlation with the HPLC, mass spectrometry, Western blot, and microarray analyses, we are able to confirm the ability of in vivo MRS to detect precancerous lesions in the mouse liver before visual neoplastic formations were detectable by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Griffitts
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Tesiram YA, Saunders D, Towner RA. Chemical speciation by selective heteronuclear single-quantum coherence spectroscopy: determination of double-bond quantity in unsaturated fatty acid compounds. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2008; 21:345-56. [PMID: 17854108 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A method for identifying fatty acid species based on the number of double bonds contained in a lipid molecule is presented. Common to all polyunsaturated fatty acids are two signature resonances at approximately 5.3 and 2.8 ppm in the proton chemical-shift spectrum of NMR. These resonances are from the vinyl and bis-allyl protons, respectively, and, although they can be readily observed by NMR from lipid extracts of biological samples, direct speciation has never been demonstrated by NMR. By modifying a conventional HSQC pulse sequence with a J-pulse on the spin system of the vinyl group (generalized as an IS spin system) at the beginning of the initial polarization transfer period and selectively inverting the 13C (I) spins with a narrowband sech/tanh inversion pulse, the collection of data in both dimensions can be restricted to a narrow slice of the chemical-shift range. The resolution is subsequently determined by digitizer efficiency, and spectra can be collected optimally from within a very narrow 1 x 6 ppm window of the respective proton and carbon chemical-shift ranges. With this modification it is possible to distinguish at least one resonance each from the multiple shifts expected from the indirectly detected nuclei of the fatty acid species, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, which contain one, two, three and four double bonds, respectively. This and similar methods of applied selectivity are of potential interest in characterizing speciation in biological samples where mixtures are often encountered and chemical shifts of the same structural group of similar molecules give rise to complicated overlapping resonances but are important for diagnosis of disease processes such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasvir A Tesiram
- Small Animal MRI Core Facility, Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Zechmann CM, Woenne EC, Brix G, Radzwill N, Ilg M, Bachert P, Peschke P, Kirsch S, Kauczor HU, Delorme S, Semmler W, Kiessling F. Impact of stroma on the growth, microcirculation, and metabolism of experimental prostate tumors. Neoplasia 2007; 9:57-67. [PMID: 17325744 PMCID: PMC1803035 DOI: 10.1593/neo.06688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancers (PCa), the formation of malignant stroma may substantially influence tumor phenotype and aggressiveness. Thus, the impact of the orthotopic and subcutaneous implantations of hormone-sensitive (H), hormone-insensitive (HI), and anaplastic (AT1) Dunning PCa in rats on growth, microcirculation, and metabolism was investigated. For this purpose, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy ([(1)H]MRS) were applied in combination with histology. Consistent observations revealed that orthotopic H tumors grew significantly slower compared to subcutaneous ones, whereas the growth of HI and AT1 tumors was comparable at both locations. Histologic analysis indicated that glandular differentiation and a close interaction of tumor cells and smooth muscle cells (SMC) were associated with slow tumor growth. Furthermore, there was a significantly lower SMC density in subcutaneous H tumors than in orthotopic H tumors. Perfusion was observed to be significantly lower in orthotopic H tumors than in subcutaneous H tumors. Regional blood volume and permeability-surface area product showed no significant differences between tumor models and their implantation sites. Differences in growth between subcutaneous and orthotopic H tumors can be attributed to tumor-stroma interaction and perfusion. Here, SMC, may stabilize glandular structures and contribute to the maintenance of differentiated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Zechmann
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva C Woenne
- Junior Group Molecular Imaging, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Brix
- Department of Medical Radiation Hygiene and Dosimetry, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Ilg
- Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Peschke
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kirsch
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Delorme
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfhard Semmler
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Junior Group Molecular Imaging, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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He Q, Shkarin P, Hooley RJ, Lannin DR, Weinreb JC, Bossuyt VIJ. In vivo MR spectroscopic imaging of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in healthy and cancerous breast tissues by selective multiple-quantum coherence transfer (Sel-MQC): A preliminary study. Magn Reson Med 2007; 58:1079-85. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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