1
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Salihovic S, Nyström N, Mathisen CBW, Kruse R, Olbjørn C, Andersen S, Noble AJ, Dorn-Rasmussen M, Bazov I, Perminow G, Opheim R, Detlie TE, Huppertz-Hauss G, Hedin CRH, Carlson M, Öhman L, Magnusson MK, Keita ÅV, Söderholm JD, D'Amato M, Orešič M, Wewer V, Satsangi J, Lindqvist CM, Burisch J, Uhlig HH, Repsilber D, Hyötyläinen T, Høivik ML, Halfvarson J. Identification and validation of a blood- based diagnostic lipidomic signature of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4567. [PMID: 38830848 PMCID: PMC11148148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Improved biomarkers are needed for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Here we identify a diagnostic lipidomic signature for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease by analyzing blood samples from a discovery cohort of incident treatment-naïve pediatric patients and validating findings in an independent inception cohort. The lipidomic signature comprising of only lactosyl ceramide (d18:1/16:0) and phosphatidylcholine (18:0p/22:6) improves the diagnostic prediction compared with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Adding high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to the signature does not improve its performance. In patients providing a stool sample, the diagnostic performance of the lipidomic signature and fecal calprotectin, a marker of gastrointestinal inflammation, does not substantially differ. Upon investigation in a third pediatric cohort, the findings of increased lactosyl ceramide (d18:1/16:0) and decreased phosphatidylcholine (18:0p/22:6) absolute concentrations are confirmed. Translation of the lipidomic signature into a scalable diagnostic blood test for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease has the potential to support clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Salihovic
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Niklas Nyström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Bache-Wiig Mathisen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Kruse
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Christine Olbjørn
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Svend Andersen
- Department of Pediatrics, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Alexandra J Noble
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Dorn-Rasmussen
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescence Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Igor Bazov
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gøri Perminow
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Opheim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Espen Detlie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Charlotte R H Hedin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Carlson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria K Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Vibeke Wewer
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescence Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Mårten Lindqvist
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Johan Burisch
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Gastrounit, medical division, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dirk Repsilber
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Marte Lie Høivik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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2
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Chen Q, Wu C, Xu J, Ye C, Chen X, Tian H, Zong N, Zhang S, Li L, Gao Y, Zhao D, Lv X, Yang Q, Wang L, Cui J, Lin Z, Lu J, Yang R, Yin F, Qin N, Li N, Xu Q, Qin H. Donor-recipient intermicrobial interactions impact transfer of subspecies and fecal microbiota transplantation outcome. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:349-365.e4. [PMID: 38367621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Studies on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have reported inconsistent connections between clinical outcomes and donor strain engraftment. Analyses of subspecies-level crosstalk and its influences on lineage transfer in metagenomic FMT datasets have proved challenging, as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are generally not linked and are often absent. Here, we utilized species genome bin (SGB), which employs co-abundance binning, to investigate subspecies-level microbiome dynamics in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who had gastrointestinal comorbidities and underwent encapsulated FMT (Chinese Clinical Trial: 2100043906). We found that interactions between donor and recipient microbes, which were overwhelmingly phylogenetically divergent, were important for subspecies transfer and positive clinical outcomes. Additionally, a donor-recipient SGB match was indicative of a high likelihood of strain transfer. Importantly, these ecodynamics were shared across FMT datasets encompassing multiple diseases. Collectively, these findings provide detailed insight into specific microbial interactions and dynamics that determine FMT success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Chen
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Gut Microbiota Research and Engineering Development, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Institute of Gut Microbiota Research and Engineering Development, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Institute of Gut Microbiota Research and Engineering Development, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hongliang Tian
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Naixin Zong
- Institute of Gut Microbiota Research and Engineering Development, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shaoyi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Long Li
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Gut Microbiota Research and Engineering Development, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Lv
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qilin Yang
- Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiaqu Cui
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhiliang Lin
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jubao Lu
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fang Yin
- Institute of Gut Microbiota Research and Engineering Development, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Nan Qin
- Institute of Gut Microbiota Research and Engineering Development, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Qian Xu
- Institute of Gut Microbiota Research and Engineering Development, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Gut Microbiota Research and Engineering Development, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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3
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Li J, Luo T, Wang D, Zhao Y, Jin Y, Yang G, Zhang X. Therapeutic application and potential mechanism of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in inflammatory bowel disease. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00047-X. [PMID: 38341033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are membrane vesicles characterized by a phospholipid bilayer as the basic skeleton that is wrapped by various functional components of proteins and nucleic acids. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that PDEVs can be a potential treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can, to some extent, compensate for the limitations of existing therapies. AIM OF REVIEW This review summarizes the recent advances and potential mechanisms underlying PDEVs obtained from different sources to alleviate IBD. In addition, the review discusses the possible applications and challenges of PDEVs, providing a theoretical basis for exploring novel and practical therapeutic strategies for IBD. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In IBD, the crosstalk mechanism of PDEVs may regulate the intestinal microenvironment homeostasis, especially immune responses, the intestinal barrier, and the gut microbiota. In addition, drug loading enhances the therapeutic potential of PDEVs, particularly regarding improved tissue targeting and stability. In the future, not only immunotherapy based on PDEVs may be an effective treatment for IBD, but also the intestinal barrier and intestinal microbiota will be a new direction for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute of Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute of Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang Province, China; Biomanufacturing Research Institute of Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Krmic M, Perez E, Scollan P, Ivanchenko K, Gamez Hernandez A, Giancaspro J, Rosario J, Ceja-Vega J, Gudyka J, Porteus R, Lee S. Aspirin Interacts with Cholesterol-Containing Membranes in a pH-Dependent Manner. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16444-16456. [PMID: 37939382 PMCID: PMC10666536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin has been used for broad therapeutic treatment, including secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease associated with increased cholesterol levels. Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to interact with lipid membranes and change their biophysical properties. In this study, mixed lipid model bilayers made from 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) comprising varying concentrations of cholesterol (10:1, 4:1, and 1:1 mole ratio of lipid:chol), prepared by the droplet interface bilayer method, were used to examine the effects of aspirin at various pH on transbilayer water permeability. The presence of aspirin increases the water permeability of POPC bilayers in a concentration-dependent manner, with a greater magnitude of increase at pH 3 compared to pH 7. In the presence of cholesterol, aspirin is similarly shown to increase water permeability; however, the extent of the increase depends on both the concentration of cholesterol and the pH, with the least pronounced enhancement in water permeability at high cholesterol levels at pH 7. A fusion of data from differential scanning calorimetry, confocal Raman microspectrophotometry, and interfacial tensiometric measurements demonstrates that aspirin can promote significant thermal, structural, and interfacial property perturbations in the mixed-lipid POPC or DOPC membranes containing cholesterol, indicating a disordering effect on the lipid membranes. Our findings suggest that aspirin fluidizes phosphocholine membranes in both cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched states and that the overall effect is greater when aspirin is in a neutral state. These results confer a deeper comprehension of the divergent effects of aspirin on biological membranes having heterogeneous compositions, under varying physiological pH and different cholesterol compositions, with implications for a better understanding of the gastrointestinal toxicity induced by the long term use of this important nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Krmic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Iona University, 715 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Escarlin Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Iona University, 715 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Patrick Scollan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Iona University, 715 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Katherine Ivanchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Iona University, 715 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Alondra Gamez Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Iona University, 715 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Joseph Giancaspro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Iona University, 715 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Juan Rosario
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Iona University, 715 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Jasmin Ceja-Vega
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Iona University, 715 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Jamie Gudyka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Iona University, 715 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Riley Porteus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Iona University, 715 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Sunghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Iona University, 715 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
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Luo Y, Guo Y, Zhao W, Khalifa SAM, El-Seedi HR, Su X, Wu L. Total Lipid Extracts of Honeybee Drone Larvae Are Modulated by Extraction Temperature and Display Consistent Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Foods 2023; 12:4058. [PMID: 38002118 PMCID: PMC10670194 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybee drone larvae are male bees that develop from unfertilized eggs and play a role in colony reproduction. The nutritional value of honeybee drone larvae is due to their high protein, lipid, and other nutrient contents, making them a profitable food source for humans in some cultures. Drone larvae lipids (DLLs) contribute to drone development; however, few studies have explored their substantial compositions and bioactive functions. In this study, we carried out DLL lipidomics analysis using UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS prior to in vitro anti-inflammatory activity analysis. The results highlighted the importance of the extraction temperature on the DLL composition. A total of 21 lipids were found in the DLL extract, mostly categorized into five groups: nine phospholipids, three sphingolipids, two neutral lipids, one plant glycoglycerolipid, four lipid acyl, and others. Drying extraction at -20 °C produced more sphingolipids, phospholipids, and unsaturated fatty acids. Of 37 fatty acids, 18 were displayed at -20 °C degrees, as shown by GC-MS quantitative analysis. Myristic (246.99 ± 13.19 μg/g), palmitic (1707.87 ± 60.53 μg/g), stearic (852.32 ± 24.17 μg/g), and oleic (2463.03 ± 149.61 μg/g) acids were the predominant fatty acids. Furthermore, we examined the significant in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of DLL (-20 °C) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged RAW264.7 cells. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen (ROS) production and mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10, COX-2, and iNOS were significantly decreased, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory function of DLL. Overall, this study provided insight into the lipid composition of DLL, revealed the influence of temperature, and explored the functionality of DLL (-20 °C), allowing for further application of DLLs as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.L.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yuyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.L.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.)
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.L.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Capio Saint Göran’s Hospital, Sankt Göransplan 1, 11219 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoling Su
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Liming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.L.); (Y.G.); (W.Z.)
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6
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Maniewska J, Gąsiorowska J, Czyżnikowska Ż, Michalak K, Szczęśniak-Sięga BM. New Meloxicam Derivatives-Synthesis and Interaction with Phospholipid Bilayers Measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:416. [PMID: 37103843 PMCID: PMC10145084 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present paper was to assess the ability of five newly designed and synthesized meloxicam analogues to interact with phospholipid bilayers. Calorimetric and fluorescence spectroscopic measurements revealed that, depending on the details of the chemical structure, the studied compounds penetrated bilayers and affected mainly their polar/apolar regions, closer to the surface of the model membrane. The influence of meloxicam analogues on the thermotropic properties of DPPC bilayers was clearly visible because these compounds reduced the temperature and cooperativity of the main phospholipid phase transition. Additionally, the studied compounds quenched the fluorescence of prodan to a higher extent than laurdan, what pointed to a more pronounced interaction with membrane segments close to its surface. We presume that a more pronounced intercalation of the studied compounds into the phospholipid bilayer may be related to the presence of the molecule of a two-carbon aliphatic linker with a carbonyl group and fluorine substituent/trifluoromethyl group (compounds PR25 and PR49) or the three-carbon linker together with the trifluoromethyl group (PR50). Moreover, computational investigations of the ADMET properties have shown that the new meloxicam analogues are characterized by beneficial expected physicochemical parameters, so we may presume that they will have a good bioavailability after an oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Maniewska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Gąsiorowska
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 3a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Żaneta Czyżnikowska
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Michalak
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 3a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Berenika M. Szczęśniak-Sięga
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Mønsted MØ, Bilgin M, Kuzma M, Pelantová H, Pedersen K, Tomášová P, Nazmutdinova A, Šedivá B, Funda D, Castro-Mejía JL, Holm LJ, Nielsen DS, Haupt-Jorgensen M. Reduced phosphatidylcholine level in the intestinal mucus layer of prediabetic NOD mice. APMIS 2023; 131:237-248. [PMID: 36811202 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with rising incidence. Pre- and manifest T1D is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction, skewed microbiota composition, and serum dyslipidemia. The intestinal mucus layer protects against pathogens and its structure and phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid composition may be compromised in T1D, potentially contributing to barrier dysfunction. This study compared prediabetic Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice to healthy C57BL/6 mice by analyzing the intestinal mucus PC profile by shotgun lipidomics, plasma metabolomics by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, intestinal mucus production by histology, and cecal microbiota composition by 16 S rRNA sequencing. Jejunal mucus PC class levels were decreased in early prediabetic NOD vs C57BL/6 mice. In colonic mucus of NOD mice, the level of several PC species was reduced throughout prediabetes. In plasma, similar reductions of PC species were observed in early prediabetic NOD mice, where also increased beta-oxidation was prominent. No histological alterations were found in jejunal nor colonic mucus between the mouse strains. However, the β-diversity of the cecal microbiota composition differed between prediabetic NOD and C57BL/6 mice, and the bacterial species driving this difference were related to decreased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-production in the NOD mice. This study reports reduced levels of PCs in the intestinal mucus layer and plasma of prediabetic NOD mice as well as reduced proportions of SCFA-producing bacteria in cecal content at early prediabetes, possibly contributing to intestinal barrier dysfunction and T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Øgaard Mønsted
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, The Bartholin Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mesut Bilgin
- Lipidomics Core Facility, Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, The Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, The Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Pedersen
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, The Bartholin Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Tomášová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, The Czech Republic
| | | | - Blanka Šedivá
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Plzeň, The Czech Republic
| | - David Funda
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, The Czech Republic
| | | | - Laurits Juulskov Holm
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, The Bartholin Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fritsch DA, Jackson MI, Wernimont SM, Feld GK, MacLeay JM, Brejda JJ, Cochrane CY, Gross KL. Microbiome function underpins the efficacy of a fiber-supplemented dietary intervention in dogs with chronic large bowel diarrhea. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:245. [PMID: 35751094 PMCID: PMC9233311 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic large bowel diarrhea is a common occurrence in pet dogs. While nutritional intervention is considered the primary therapy, the metabolic and gut microfloral effects of fiber and polyphenol-enriched therapeutic foods are poorly understood. Methods This prospective clinical study enrolled 31 adult dogs from private veterinary practices with chronic, active large bowel diarrhea. Enrolled dogs received a complete and balanced dry therapeutic food containing a proprietary fiber bundle for 56 days. Metagenomic and metabolomic profiling were performed on fecal samples at Days 1, 2, 3, 14, 28, and 56; metabolomic analysis was conducted on serum samples taken at Days 1, 2, 3, 28, and 56. Results The dietary intervention improved clinical signs and had a clear effect on the gut microfloral metabolic output of canines with chronic diarrhea, shifting gut metabolism from a predominantly proteolytic to saccharolytic fermentative state. Microbial metabolism of tryptophan to beneficial indole postbiotics and the conversion of plant-derived phenolics into bioavailable postbiotics were observed. The intervention altered the endocannabinoid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and sphingolipid profiles, suggesting a modulation in gastrointestinal inflammation. Changes in membrane phospholipid and collagen signatures were indicative of improved gut function and possible alleviation of the pathophysiology related to chronic diarrhea. Conclusions In dogs with chronic diarrhea, feeding specific dietary fibers increased gut saccharolysis and bioavailable phenolic and indole-related compounds, while suppressing putrefaction. These changes were associated with improved markers of gut inflammation and stool quality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03315-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale A Fritsch
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.
| | - Matthew I Jackson
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.,Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd St., Topeka, KS, USA
| | - Susan M Wernimont
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.,Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd St., Topeka, KS, USA
| | - Geoffrey K Feld
- Metabolon, Inc., 617 Davis Dr, Morrisville, NC, USA.,Geocyte, Dublin, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Chun-Yen Cochrane
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.,Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd St., Topeka, KS, USA
| | - Kathy L Gross
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.,Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd St., Topeka, KS, USA
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Nicolson GL, Ferreira de Mattos G, Ash M, Settineri R, Escribá PV. Fundamentals of Membrane Lipid Replacement: A Natural Medicine Approach to Repairing Cellular Membranes and Reducing Fatigue, Pain, and Other Symptoms While Restoring Function in Chronic Illnesses and Aging. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:944. [PMID: 34940446 PMCID: PMC8707623 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane Lipid Replacement (MLR) uses natural membrane lipid supplements to safely replace damaged, oxidized lipids in membranes in order to restore membrane function, decrease symptoms and improve health. Oral MLR supplements contain mixtures of cell membrane glycerolphospholipids, fatty acids, and other lipids, and can be used to replace and remove damaged cellular and intracellular membrane lipids. Membrane injury, caused mainly by oxidative damage, occurs in essentially all chronic and acute medical conditions, including cancer and degenerative diseases, and in normal processes, such as aging and development. After ingestion, the protected MLR glycerolphospholipids and other lipids are dispersed, absorbed, and internalized in the small intestines, where they can be partitioned into circulating lipoproteins, globules, liposomes, micelles, membranes, and other carriers and transported in the lymphatics and blood circulation to tissues and cellular sites where they are taken in by cells and partitioned into various cellular membranes. Once inside cells, the glycerolphospholipids and other lipids are transferred to various intracellular membranes by lipid carriers, globules, liposomes, chylomicrons, or by direct membrane-membrane interactions. The entire process appears to be driven by 'bulk flow' or mass action principles, where surplus concentrations of replacement lipids can stimulate the natural exchange and removal of damaged membrane lipids while the replacement lipids undergo further enzymatic alterations. Clinical studies have demonstrated the advantages of MLR in restoring membrane and organelle function and reducing fatigue, pain, and other symptoms in chronic illness and aging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L. Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA
| | - Gonzalo Ferreira de Mattos
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Department of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay;
| | - Michael Ash
- Clinical Education, Newton Abbot, Devon TQ12 4SG, UK;
| | | | - Pablo V. Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
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Zu M, Xie D, Canup BSB, Chen N, Wang Y, Sun R, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Dai F, Xiao B. 'Green' nanotherapeutics from tea leaves for orally targeted prevention and alleviation of colon diseases. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121178. [PMID: 34656857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although synthesized nanotherapeutics (NTs) are attractive for the oral treatment of colon diseases, their clinical translations are constrained by the unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes, potential adverse effects, and high cost of mass production. Here, we report the development of tea leaf-derived natural NTs with desirable particle sizes (140.0 nm) and negative surface charge (-14.6 mV). These natural exosome-like NTs were found to contain large amounts of lipids, some functional proteins, and many bioactive small molecules. Specifically, galactose groups on the surface of NTs could mediate their specific internalization by macrophages via galactose receptor-mediated endocytosis. Moreover, these NTs were able to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increase the amount of anti-inflammatory IL-10 secreted by macrophages. Orally administered NTs could efficiently inhibit the inflammatory bowel responses, restore disrupted colonic barriers and enhance the diversity and overall abundance of gut microbiota, thereby preventing or alleviating inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated colon cancer. The present study brings new insights to the facile application of a versatile and robust natural nanoplatform for the prevention and treatment of colon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghang Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dengchao Xie
- Tea Research Institute, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Brandon S B Canup
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Nanxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ruxin Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yuming Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Bo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Wagner C, Kesisoglou F, Pepin XJH, Parrott N, Emami Riedmaier A. Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Predicting Drug-Food Interactions: Recommendations for Improving Predictive Performance of Low Confidence Food Effect Models. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:85. [PMID: 34142242 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Food can alter drug absorption and impact safety and efficacy. Besides conducting clinical studies, in vitro approaches such as biorelevant solubility and dissolution testing and in vivo dog studies are typical approaches to estimate a drug's food effect. The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models has gained importance and is nowadays a standard tool for food effect predictions at preclinical and clinical stages in the pharmaceutical industry. This manuscript is part of a broader publication from the IQ Consortium's food effect physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) modeling working group and complements previous publications by focusing on cases where the food effect was predicted with low confidence. Pazopanib-HCl, trospium-Cl, and ziprasidone-HCl served as model compounds to provide insights into why several food effect predictions failed in the first instance. Furthermore, the manuscript depicts approaches whereby PBPK-based food effect predictions may be improved. These improvements should focus on the PBPK model functionality, especially better reflecting fasted- and fed-state gastric solubility, gastric re-acidification, and complex mechanisms related to gastric emptying of drugs. For improvement of in vitro methodologies, the focus should be on the development of more predictive solubility, supersaturation, and precipitation assays. With regards to the general PBPK modeling methodology, modelers should account for the full solubility profile when modeling ionizable compounds, including common ion effects, and apply a straightforward strategy to account for drug precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Technologies, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | | | - Xavier J H Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Pepin XJH, Huckle JE, Alluri RV, Basu S, Dodd S, Parrott N, Emami Riedmaier A. Understanding Mechanisms of Food Effect and Developing Reliable PBPK Models Using a Middle-out Approach. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:12. [PMID: 33398593 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, 40% of approved oral drugs exhibited a significant effect of food on their pharmacokinetics (PK) and currently the only method to characterize the effect of food on drug absorption, which is recognized by the authorities, is to conduct a clinical evaluation. Within the pharmaceutical industry, there is a significant effort to predict the mechanism and clinical relevance of a food effect. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models combining both drug-specific and physiology-specific data have been used to predict the effect of food on absorption and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. This manuscript provides detailed descriptions of how a middle-out modeling approach, combining bottom-up in vitro-based predictions with limited top-down fitting of key model parameters for clinical data, can be successfully used to predict the magnitude and direction of food effect when it is predicted poorly by a bottom-up approach. For nefazodone, a mechanistic clearance for the gut and liver was added, for furosemide, an absorption window was introduced, and for aprepitant, the biorelevant solubility was refined using multiple solubility measurements. In all cases, these adjustments were supported by literature data and showcased a rational approach to assess the factors limiting absorption and exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier J H Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK.
| | - James E Huckle
- Drug Product Technology, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Ravindra V Alluri
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sumit Basu
- Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Drug Metabolism-Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics (PPDM-QP2), Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Dodd
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
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Miclotte L, De Paepe K, Rymenans L, Callewaert C, Raes J, Rajkovic A, Van Camp J, Van de Wiele T. Dietary Emulsifiers Alter Composition and Activity of the Human Gut Microbiota in vitro, Irrespective of Chemical or Natural Emulsifier Origin. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:577474. [PMID: 33250870 PMCID: PMC7676226 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.577474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of additives in food products has become an important public health concern. In recent reports, dietary emulsifiers have been shown to affect the gut microbiota, contributing to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and metabolic syndrome. So far, it is not yet known whether similar microbiome shifts are observable for a more diverse set of emulsifier types and to what extent these effects vary with the unique features of an individual's microbiome. To bridge this gap, we investigated the effect of five dietary emulsifiers on the fecal microbiota from 10 human individuals upon a 48 h exposure. Community structure was assessed with quantitative microbial profiling, functionality was evaluated by measuring fermentation metabolites, and pro-inflammatory properties were assessed with the phylogenetic prediction algorithm PICRUSt, together with a TLR5 reporter cell assay for flagellin. A comparison was made between two mainstream chemical emulsifiers (carboxymethylcellulose and P80), a natural extract (soy lecithin), and biotechnological emulsifiers (sophorolipids and rhamnolipids). While fecal microbiota responded in a donor-dependent manner to the different emulsifiers, profound differences between emulsifiers were observed. Rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, and soy lecithin eliminated 91 ± 0, 89 ± 1, and 87 ± 1% of the viable bacterial population after 48 h, yet they all selectively increased the proportional abundance of putative pathogens. Moreover, profound shifts in butyrate (-96 ± 6, -73 ± 24, and -34 ± 25%) and propionate (+13 ± 24, +88 ± 50, and +29 ± 16%) production were observed for these emulsifiers. Phylogenetic prediction indicated higher motility, which was, however, not confirmed by increased flagellin levels using the TLR5 reporter cell assay. We conclude that dietary emulsifiers can severely impact the gut microbiota, and this seems to be proportional to their emulsifying strength, rather than emulsifier type or origin. As biotechnological emulsifiers were especially more impactful than chemical emulsifiers, caution is warranted when considering them as more natural alternatives for clean label strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Miclotte
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Rymenans
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Nucleomics Core, Lab of Molecular Bacteriology – Rega, KULeuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Callewaert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Nucleomics Core, Lab of Molecular Bacteriology – Rega, KULeuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Effinger A, M O'Driscoll C, McAllister M, Fotaki N. Gastrointestinal diseases and their impact on drug solubility: Ulcerative Colitis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 152:105458. [PMID: 32645424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For poorly soluble compounds, drug product performance in patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) compared to healthy subjects can be affected due to differences in drug solubility in GI fluids. A risk assessment tool was developed to identify compounds with a high risk of altered solubility in the GI fluids of UC patients. Pathophysiological changes impacting on the composition of GI fluids in UC patients were considered and UC biorelevant media representative of the stomach, intestine and colon were developed based on biorelevant media based on healthy subjects and literature data using a Design of Experiment approach. The UC media were characterised and revealed differences in surface tension, osmolality and buffer capacity compared to media based on healthy subjects. The solubility of six drugs was investigated in UC biorelevant media and results were related to media- and drug-dependent factors. A lower drug solubility in UC intestinal media was observed for compounds with a high lipophilicity. In UC simulated colonic fluids, drug solubility was altered for ionisable compounds. Additionally, a higher solubility of neutral lipophilic drugs was observed in UC fasted state colonic media with increased concentrations of soluble proteins. The developed UC biorelevant media offer the possibility to identify the risk of altered drug solubilisation in UC patients without conducting expensive clinical trials. A high risk was related to drug ionization properties and lipophilicity in the current study with all investigated drugs showing differences in solubility in biorelevant media based on UC patients compared to healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Effinger
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
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Zu M, Song H, Zhang J, Chen Q, Deng S, Canup BS, Yuan Y, Xiao B. Lycium barbarum lipid-based edible nanoparticles protect against experimental colitis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 187:110747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Du WZ, Zhang AH, Ren JL, Lyu K, Tuo LY, Xu W. Study of Differential Serum Metabolites in Patients with Adenomatous Polyps of Colon and Yang-Deficiency Constitution Based on Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 28:403-409. [PMID: 31784934 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the differences between the serum metabolites in patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution and those without colon polyps and with balanced constitution, and look for biomarkers that can be used to distinguish between the two groups. METHODS General patient information was gathered, and Chinese medicine constitution were collected in 940 patients who underwent electronic colonoscopy. A total of 119 patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution were included in the experimental group, and 150 patients without colon polyps and with balanced constitution were included in the control group. Metabolomics analysis was performed on the fasting venous blood obtained from each patient in both groups. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed on the detection results, potential biomarkers were screened, metabolic pathway changes were determined, and the metabolic processes involved were discussed. RESULTS A total of 59 differential biomarkers between the experimental group and the control group were identified. The differential metabolites were found mainly in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway, and the bile acid 3-oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid was the biomarker that distinguished the experimental group from the control group. CONCLUSION With the help of metabolomics analysis, the differential metabolites in patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution and those in patients without colon polyps and with balanced constitution could be identified. The biomarker 3-oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid may have potential diagnostic value in patients with adenomatous polyp of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution. (Trial Registration No. NCT02986308).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhang Du
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jun-Ling Ren
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Kun Lyu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lu-Yao Tuo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Nilsson Å, Duan RD. Pancreatic and mucosal enzymes in choline phospholipid digestion. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G425-G445. [PMID: 30576217 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00320.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The digestion of choline phospholipids is important for choline homeostasis, lipid signaling, postprandial lipid and energy metabolism, and interaction with intestinal bacteria. The digestion is mediated by the combined action of pancreatic and mucosal enzymes. In the proximal small intestine, hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to 1-lyso-PC and free fatty acid (FFA) by the pancreatic phospholipase A2 IB coincides with the digestion of the dietary triacylglycerols by lipases, but part of the PC digestion is extended and must be mediated by other enzymes as the jejunoileal brush-border phospholipase B/lipase and mucosal secreted phospholipase A2 X. Absorbed 1-lyso-PC is partitioned in the mucosal cells between degradation and reacylation into chyle PC. Reutilization of choline for hepatic bile PC synthesis, and the reacylation of 1-lyso-PC into chylomicron PC by the lyso-PC-acyl-CoA-acyltransferase 3 are important features of choline recycling and postprandial lipid metabolism. The role of mucosal enzymes is emphasized by sphingomyelin (SM) being sequentially hydrolyzed by brush-border alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase) and neutral ceramidase to sphingosine and FFA, which are well absorbed. Ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate are generated and are both metabolic intermediates and important lipid messengers. Alk-SMase has anti-inflammatory effects that counteract gut inflammation and tumorigenesis. These may be mediated by multiple mechanisms including generation of sphingolipid metabolites and suppression of autotaxin induction and lyso-phosphatidic acid formation. Here we summarize current knowledge on the roles of pancreatic and mucosal enzymes in PC and SM digestion, and its implications in intestinal and liver diseases, bacterial choline metabolism in the gut, and cholesterol absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åke Nilsson
- Department of Clow-linical Sciences Lund, Division of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Rui-Dong Duan
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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Vázquez L, Corzo-Martínez M, Arranz-Martínez P, Barroso E, Reglero G, Torres C. Bioactive Lipids. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sun N, Chen J, Wang D, Lin S. Advance in food-derived phospholipids: Sources, molecular species and structure as well as their biological activities. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lima MPD, Lopes EM, Gomes LDS, França ARDS, Acha BT, Carvalho ALM, Almeida FRDC. Technological development of microemulsions with perspectives for pain treatment: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:691-702. [PMID: 30175633 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1519025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable translucent systems widely used for systemic delivery of drugs. The present study is the first to analyze the biotechnological potential of microemulsion systems for therapeutic purposes, through transdermal route, for pain treatment. AREAS COVERED Patents were searched in the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), European Patent Office (Espacenet), United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and National Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI). The inclusion criteria were published patents containing the keywords; 'microemulsion' and 'transdermal' in their title or abstract. 208 patents were found. However, only those patents which mentioned in their abstract or in their description the use of microemulsion system (object of invention) for pain treatment were selected. Were excluded duplicate patents and those that did not report pharmacological use of MEs specifically for pain treatment. Thus, sixteen patents were selected and described in the present study. EXPERT OPINION Patents were found that focused specifically on the development process of microemulsion systems, the inclusion of essential oils in microemulsions, which place microemulsions as delivery systems for NSAIDs and other substances, as well as microemulsions for transdermal administration. These studies reinforce the therapeutic applicability of MEs in the treatment of acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Everton Moraes Lopes
- a Medicinal Plants Research nucleus, Center of Health Sciences , Federal University of Piauí , Teresina , Brazil
| | - Laércio da Silva Gomes
- a Medicinal Plants Research nucleus, Center of Health Sciences , Federal University of Piauí , Teresina , Brazil
| | - Ana Rita de Sousa França
- a Medicinal Plants Research nucleus, Center of Health Sciences , Federal University of Piauí , Teresina , Brazil
| | - Boris Timah Acha
- a Medicinal Plants Research nucleus, Center of Health Sciences , Federal University of Piauí , Teresina , Brazil
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Munsch-Alatossava P, Käkelä R, Ibarra D, Youbi-Idrissi M, Alatossava T. Phospholipolysis Caused by Different Types of Bacterial Phospholipases During Cold Storage of Bovine Raw Milk Is Prevented by N 2 Gas Flushing. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1307. [PMID: 29971053 PMCID: PMC6018212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold storage aims to preserve the quality and safety of raw milk from farms to dairies; unfortunately, low temperatures also promote the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria, some of which produce heat-stable enzymes that cause spoilage of milk or dairy products. Previously, N2 gas flushing of raw milk has demonstrated significant potential as a method to hinder bacterial growth at both laboratory and pilot plant scales. Using a mass spectrometry-based lipidomics approach, we examined the impact of cold storage [at 6°C for up to 7 days, the control condition (C)], on the relative amounts of major phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine/PE, phosphatidylcholine/PC, phosphatidylserine/PS, phosphatidylinositol/PI, and sphingomyelin/SM) in three bovine raw milk samples, and compared it to the condition that received additional N2 gas flushing (N). As expected, bacterial growth was hindered by the N2-based treatment (over 4 log-units lower at day 7) compared to the non-treated control condition. At the end of the cold storage period, the control condition (C7) revealed higher hydrolysis of PC, SM, PE, and PS (the major species reached 27.2, 26.7, 34.6, and 9.9 μM, respectively), compared to the N2-flushed samples (N7) (the major species reached 55.6, 35.9, 54.0, and 18.8 μM, respectively). C7 samples also exhibited a three-fold higher phosphatidic acid (PA) content (6.8 μM) and a five-fold higher content (17.3 μM) of lysophospholipids (LPE, LPC, LPS, and LPI) whereas both lysophospholipids and PA remained at their initial levels for 7 days in N7 samples. Taking into consideration the significant phospholipid losses in the controls, the lipid profiling results together with the microbiological data suggest a major role of phospholipase (PLase) C (PLC) in phospholipolysis during cold storage. However, the experimental data also indicate that bacterial sphingomyelinase C, together with PLases PLD and PLA contributed to the degradation of phospholipids present in raw milk as well, and potential contributions from PLB activity cannot be excluded. Altogether, this lipidomics study highlights the beneficial effects of N2 flushing treatment on the quality and safety of raw milk through its ability to effectively hinder phospholipolysis during cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dominique Ibarra
- Air Liquide, Centre de Recherches Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Tapani Alatossava
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Is Important for Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function and Susceptibility to Colitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:353-366. [PMID: 29128569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells form a barrier that is critical in protecting the host from the hostile luminal environment. Previously, we showed that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor 1 regulates proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells, such that the absence of LPA1 mitigates the epithelial wound healing process. This study provides evidence that LPA1 is important for the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity. The epithelial permeability, determined by fluorescently labeled dextran flux and transepithelial resistance, is increased in the intestine of mice with global deletion of Lpar1, Lpar1-/- (Lpa1-/-). Serum liposaccharide level and bacteria loads in the intestinal mucosa and peripheral organs were elevated in Lpa1-/- mice. Decreased claudin-4, caudin-7, and E-cadherin expression in Lpa1-/- mice further suggested defective apical junction integrity in these mice. Regulation of LPA1 expression in Caco-2 cells modulated epithelial permeability and the expression levels of junctional proteins. The increased epithelial permeability in Lpa1-/- mice correlated with increased susceptibility to an experimental model of colitis. This resulted in more severe inflammation and increased mortality compared with control mice. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ significantly increased paracellular permeability, which was blocked by cotreatment with LPA, but not LPA1 knockdown cells. Similarly, orally given LPA blocked tumor necrosis factor-mediated intestinal barrier defect in mice. LPA1 plays a significant role in maintenance of epithelial barrier in the intestine via regulation of apical junction integrity.
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Ding H, Dupont AW, Singhal S, Scott LD, Guha S, Younes M, Bi X. In vivo analysis of mucosal lipids reveals histological disease activity in ulcerative colitis using endoscope-coupled Raman spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:3426-3439. [PMID: 28717578 PMCID: PMC5508839 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to evaluate endoscopic Raman spectroscopy as a noninvasive technique to determine histological inflammatory status of colitis. Colon mucosal composition was investigated in vivo from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and from age- and body mass index (BMI) matched controls using endoscope-coupled Raman spectroscopy. The results were co-registered with histological assessment of inflammatory status at the same locations. Substantial decreases (50-60%) in the content of phosphotidylcholines (PCs) and total lipids were observed in inflamed colon tissue (histology grade 1, 2 and 3) compared to those from the quiescent (histology grade 0) and from the controls. No significant difference was observed in lipids or PC contents between control and grade 0, or among grades 1 - 3. The degree of lipid unsaturation increased in the inflamed tissue regardless of disease severity. The inflammation-associated alterations in lipids and PC are observed independent of BMI or the anatomical locations for data collection. Multivariate analysis using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm classified the spectra of the controls or the inactive colitis from those of inflamed tissue with a sensitivity of 83.5% and 97.1% respectively. Our results showed that mucosal lipid content is related to the microscopic disease activity, and thus could serve as a valuable spectral marker to differentiate active colitis from the quiescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Center for Precision Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Andrew W. Dupont
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shashideep Singhal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Larry D. Scott
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sushovan Guha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mamoun Younes
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohong Bi
- Center for Precision Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Nicolson GL, Ash ME. Membrane Lipid Replacement for chronic illnesses, aging and cancer using oral glycerolphospholipid formulations with fructooligosaccharides to restore phospholipid function in cellular membranes, organelles, cells and tissues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1704-1724. [PMID: 28432031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane Lipid Replacement is the use of functional, oral supplements containing mixtures of cell membrane glycerolphospholipids, plus fructooligosaccharides (for protection against oxidative, bile acid and enzymatic damage) and antioxidants, in order to safely replace damaged, oxidized, membrane phospholipids and restore membrane, organelle, cellular and organ function. Defects in cellular and intracellular membranes are characteristic of all chronic medical conditions, including cancer, and normal processes, such as aging. Once the replacement glycerolphospholipids have been ingested, dispersed, complexed and transported, while being protected by fructooligosaccharides and several natural mechanisms, they can be inserted into cell membranes, lipoproteins, lipid globules, lipid droplets, liposomes and other carriers. They are conveyed by the lymphatics and blood circulation to cellular sites where they are endocytosed or incorporated into or transported by cell membranes. Inside cells the glycerolphospholipids can be transferred to various intracellular membranes by lipid globules, liposomes, membrane-membrane contact or by lipid carrier transfer. Eventually they arrive at their membrane destinations due to 'bulk flow' principles, and there they can stimulate the natural removal and replacement of damaged membrane lipids while undergoing further enzymatic alterations. Clinical trials have shown the benefits of Membrane Lipid Replacement in restoring mitochondrial function and reducing fatigue in aged subjects and chronically ill patients. Recently Membrane Lipid Replacement has been used to reduce pain and other symptoms as well as removing hydrophobic chemical contaminants, suggesting that there are additional new uses for this safe, natural medicine supplement. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California 92649, USA.
| | - Michael E Ash
- Clinical Education, Newton Abbot, Devon, TQ12 4SG, UK
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Rogler G. Resolution of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2:521-530. [PMID: 28606878 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease at present mainly targets mediators of inflammation to stop or suppress pro-inflammatory processes. Typical examples are steroids, suppression of T cells by thioguanine nucleotides, or antibodies against cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor, interleukin 12, or interleukin 23. In addition to suppression of inflammation, development of therapeutic strategies that support resolution of inflammation or that actively resolve inflammation might be desirable. Resolution of inflammation is now seen as an active process involving specific mediators (eg, lipid mediators or specific cytokines) that is mandatory to restore organ function and completely shut down inflammation. The molecular pathways involved in resolution of inflammation have been investigated in recent years and could be adopted in treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease. Among these approaches are anti-integrin strategies and means to produce or locally increase restitution or resolution factors, such as restoration of the activity of transforming growth factor-β by anti-SMAD7 antisense oligonucleotides. The potential role of inflammation-resolving lipid mediators (eg, resolvins), however, still warrants further study and clinical development. This Review focuses on the specific role of active resolution of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease pathophysiology. Potential therapeutic targets based on these pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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The Immunosuppressant Mycophenolic Acid Alters Nucleotide and Lipid Metabolism in an Intestinal Cell Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45088. [PMID: 28327659 PMCID: PMC5361167 DOI: 10.1038/srep45088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the negative effects of mycophenolic acid (MPA) on human intestinal cells. Effects of MPA exposure and guanosine supplementation on nucleotide concentrations in LS180 cells were assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Proteomics analysis was carried out using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture combined with gel-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and lipidome analysis using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Despite supplementation, depletion of guanosine nucleotides (p < 0.001 at 24 and 72 h; 5, 100, and 250 μM MPA) and upregulation of uridine and cytidine nucleotides (p < 0.001 at 24 h; 5 μM MPA) occurred after exposure to MPA. MPA significantly altered 35 proteins mainly related to nucleotide-dependent processes and lipid metabolism. Cross-reference with previous studies of MPA-associated protein changes widely corroborated these results, but showed differences that may be model- and/or method-dependent. MPA exposure increased intracellular concentrations of fatty acids, cholesterol, and phosphatidylcholine (p < 0.01 at 72 h; 100 μM MPA) which corresponded to the changes in lipid-metabolizing proteins. MPA affected intracellular nucleotide levels, nucleotide-dependent processes, expression of structural proteins, fatty acid and lipid metabolism in LS180 cells. These changes may compromise intestinal membrane integrity and contribute to gastrointestinal toxicity.
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Assessing gastric toxicity of xanthone derivatives of anti-inflammatory activity using simulation and experimental approaches. Biophys Chem 2016; 220:20-33. [PMID: 27846425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Xanthones are tricyclic compounds of natural or synthetic origin exhibiting a broad spectrum of therapeutic activities. Three synthetic xanthone derivatives (KS1, KS2, and KS3) with properties typical for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) were objects of the presented model study. NSAIDs are in common use however; several of them exhibit gastric toxicity predominantly resulting from their direct interactions with the outermost lipid layer of the gastric mucosa that impair its hydrophobic barrier property. Among the studied xanthones, gastric toxicity of only KS2 has been determined in previous pharmacological studies, and it is low. In this study, carried out using X-ray diffraction and computer simulation, a palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol bilayer (POPC-Chol) was used as a model of a hydrophobic layer of lipids protecting gastric mucosa as POPC and Chol are the main lipids in human mucus. X-ray diffraction data were used to validate the computer model. The aim of the study was to assess potential gastric toxicity of the xanthones by analysing their atomic level interactions with lipids, ions, and water in the lipid bilayer and their effect on the bilayer physicochemical properties. The results show that xanthones have small effect on the bilayer properties except for its rigidity whereas their interactions with water, ions, and lipids depend on their protonation state and for a given state, are similar for all the xanthones. As gastric toxicity of KS2 is low, based on MD simulations one can predict that toxicity of KS1 and KS3 is also low.
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Wu X, Cao H, Zhao L, Song J, She Y, Feng Y. Metabolomic analysis of glycerophospholipid signatures of inflammation treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced-RAW264.7 cells using 1H NMR and U-HPLC/Q-TOF-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1028:199-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Xu R, Lei YH, Shi J, Zhou YJ, Chen YW, He ZJ. Effects of lactadherin on plasma D-lactic acid and small intestinal MUC2 and claudin-1 expression levels in rats with rotavirus-induced diarrhea. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:943-950. [PMID: 26998017 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of lactadherin on plasma D-lactic acid and small intestinal mucin (MUC) 2 and claudin-1 expression levels in rats with diarrhea induced by rotavirus (RV) infection. A total of 75 seven-day-old healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following five groups: Control (C), RV infection (RVI), lactadherin before rotavirus infection (LBRI), lactadherin after rotavirus infection (LARI), and blank (B). On day 4 of artificial feeding, the rats in groups RVI, LBRI and LARI were intragastric administered 1×106 PFU RV; whereas the rats in groups C and B were intragastrically administered an equal volume of maintenance solution from the RV supernatant and normal saline, respectively. In the LBRI and LARI groups, rats received daily intragastric administration of 0.25 mg lactadherin for three days prior to and following infection with RV, respectively. The course of diarrheal symptoms was observed in each group and samples were collected on days 1, 4, and 7 post-infection in order to determine the mucosal morphology, plasma D-lactic acid levels and the expression levels of MUC2 and the intracellular junction protein, claudin-1, in the small intestine. On day 4 post-infection, the rats in group RVI demonstrated severely damaged small intestines and typical diarrheal characteristics, as detected by light microscopy; whereas rats in groups LBRI and LARI demonstrated intact small intestinal villi with partial vacuolation of epithelial cells and changes in the position of their nuclei. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the rats in the RVI group had sparse, shortened, disordered intestinal microvilli and widened intercellular junctions; whereas those in groups LBRI and LARI had long intestinal microvilli sparser compared with groups B and C and slightly widened intercellular junctions. Plasma D-lactic acid levels were increased in groups RVI, LBRI and LARI, as compared with groups B and C, and the greatest levels were detected in the RVI group on days 1, 4 and 7 post-infection. In addition to maintaining intestinal permeability, lactadherin enhanced the expression levels of MUC2 and reduced the expression of claudin-1; therefore, further protecting the intestinal epithelial barrier, which may contribute to the prevention and treatment of diarrhea induced by infection with RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hui Lei
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China; Department of Perinatal Research Laboratory, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China; Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jun Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Chen
- Department of Perinatal Research Laboratory, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Key Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Juan He
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China; Department of Perinatal Research Laboratory, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Harrison A, Dubois LG, St John-Williams L, Moseley MA, Hardison RL, Heimlich DR, Stoddard A, Kerschner JE, Justice SS, Thompson JW, Mason KM. Comprehensive Proteomic and Metabolomic Signatures of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-Induced Acute Otitis Media Reveal Bacterial Aerobic Respiration in an Immunosuppressed Environment. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:1117-38. [PMID: 26711468 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.052498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the molecular details of the interactions between bacteria and host are critical to ultimately prevent disease. Recent technological advances allow simultaneous analysis of host and bacterial protein and metabolic profiles from a single small tissue sample to provide insight into pathogenesis. We used the chinchilla model of human otitis media to determine, for the first time, the most expansive delineation of global changes in protein and metabolite profiles during an experimentally induced disease. After 48 h of infection with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, middle ear tissue lysates were analyzed by high-resolution quantitative two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Dynamic changes in 105 chinchilla proteins and 66 metabolites define the early proteomic and metabolomic signature of otitis media. Our studies indicate that establishment of disease coincides with actin morphogenesis, suppression of inflammatory mediators, and bacterial aerobic respiration. We validated the observed increase in the actin-remodeling complex, Arp2/3, and experimentally showed a role for Arp2/3 in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae invasion. Direct inhibition of actin branch morphology altered bacterial invasion into host epithelial cells, and is supportive of our efforts to use the information gathered to modify outcomes of disease. The twenty-eight nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae proteins identified participate in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, redox homeostasis, and include cell wall-associated metabolic proteins. Quantitative characterization of the molecular signatures of infection will redefine our understanding of host response driven developmental changes during pathogenesis. These data represent the first comprehensive study of host protein and metabolite profiles in vivo in response to infection and show the feasibility of extensive characterization of host protein profiles during disease. Identification of novel protein targets and metabolic biomarkers will advance development of therapeutic and diagnostic options for treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Harrison
- From the ‡The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205
| | - Laura G Dubois
- ‡‡Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Lisa St John-Williams
- ‡‡Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - M Arthur Moseley
- ‡‡Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Rachael L Hardison
- From the ‡The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205
| | - Derek R Heimlich
- From the ‡The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205
| | | | - Joseph E Kerschner
- ‖Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226; **Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Sheryl S Justice
- From the ‡The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205; §The Center for Microbial Interface Biology and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J Will Thompson
- ‡‡Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Kevin M Mason
- From the ‡The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205; §The Center for Microbial Interface Biology and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210;
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Darabi M, Guillas-Baudouin I, Le Goff W, Chapman MJ, Kontush A. Therapeutic applications of reconstituted HDL: When structure meets function. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 157:28-42. [PMID: 26546991 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Reconstituted forms of HDL (rHDL) are under development for infusion as a therapeutic approach to attenuate atherosclerotic vascular disease and to reduce cardiovascular risk following acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. Currently available rHDL formulations developed for clinical use contain apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and one of the major lipid components of HDL, either phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin. Recent data have established that quantitatively minor molecular constituents of HDL particles can strongly influence their anti-atherogenic functionality. Novel rHDL formulations displaying enhanced biological activities, including cellular cholesterol efflux, may therefore offer promising prospects for the development of HDL-based, anti-atherosclerotic therapies. Indeed, recent structural and functional data identify phosphatidylserine as a bioactive component of HDL; the content of phosphatidylserine in HDL particles displays positive correlations with all metrics of their functionality. This review summarizes current knowledge of structure-function relationships in rHDL formulations, with a focus on phosphatidylserine and other negatively-charged phospholipids. Mechanisms potentially underlying the atheroprotective role of these lipids are discussed and their potential for the development of HDL-based therapies highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darabi
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Isabelle Guillas-Baudouin
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - M John Chapman
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Anatol Kontush
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Castro-Gómez P, Garcia-Serrano A, Visioli F, Fontecha J. Relevance of dietary glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids to human health. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 101:41-51. [PMID: 26242691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids participate in a variety of indispensable metabolic, neurological, and intracellular signaling processes. In this didactic paper we review the biological roles of phospholipids and try to unravel the precise nature of their putative healthful activities. We conclude that the biological actions of phospholipids activities potentially be nutraceutically exploited in the adjunct therapy of widely diffused pathologies such as neurodegeneration or the metabolic syndrome. As phospholipids can be recovered from inexpensive sources such as food processing by-products, ad-hoc investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Castro-Gómez
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Group of Lipids, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - A Garcia-Serrano
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Group of Lipids, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - F Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fontecha
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Group of Lipids, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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Valatas V, Bamias G, Kolios G. Experimental colitis models: Insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and translational issues. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:253-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Olson A, Diebel LN, Liberati DM. Phosphatidylcholine and the intestinal mucus layer: in vitro efficacy against Clostridium difficile-associated polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation. Am J Surg 2015; 209:493-7. [PMID: 25595713 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylcholine (PC), an important component of intestinal mucus, protects against Clostridium difficile toxin-induced intestinal barrier injury in vitro. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activation may contribute to intestinal injury and systemic toxicity in patients with C. difficile-associated disease. We therefore hypothesized that the intestinal barrier function against C. difficile toxin by exogenous PC would ameliorate PMN activation. METHODS Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) monolayers were cocultured with C. difficile toxin A and/or exogenous PC. Naïve PMNs were cocultured with IEC culture supernatants and PMN activation, and chemotactic potential determined. RESULTS PC treatment of IEC abrogated the enhanced PMN activation and chemotactic potential following toxin A exposure (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Exogenous PC ameliorated PMN activation from IECs exposed to C. difficile toxin. Administration of exogenous PC may be a useful adjunctive treatment in severely ill or immunocompromised patients with C. difficile-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Olson
- Department of Surgery, 6C University Health Center, 4201 Saint Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lawrence N Diebel
- Department of Surgery, 6C University Health Center, 4201 Saint Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - David M Liberati
- Department of Surgery, 6C University Health Center, 4201 Saint Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Exogenous phosphatidylcholine supplementation improves intestinal barrier defense against Clostridium difficile toxin. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 77:570-5; discussion 576. [PMID: 25250596 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile colitis have increased dramatically in the last decade. Disease severity is related to C. difficile virulence factors, including toxins A and B, as well as the patient's immune status. The intestinal mucus is an important component of innate barrier function in the intestine. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a key constituent of the intestinal mucus barrier, and exogenous PC administration has had therapeutic efficacy in patients with ulcerative colitis. We studied the protective function of exogenous PC on C. difficile toxin effects on the intestinal barrier in vitro. METHODS Mucus-producing (HT29-MTX strain) and non-mucus-producing (HT29 strain) intestinal epithelial monolayers were cocultured with PC and C. difficile toxin A added to the apical media. Basal chamber culture supernatants were subsequently obtained, and tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In other experiments, HT29 toxin A uptake, intestinal monolayer permeability, necrosis, and actin microfilament disruption were determined. RESULTS There was a threefold to fourfold decrease in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 levels and similar decreases in toxin A uptake and permeability changes in intestinal epithelial cells with mucus or PC versus control. Intestinal epithelial cell necrosis was reduced by more than 50% with either mucus or PC versus control. The integrity of HT29 cell cytoskeleton was demonstrated by both the mucus layer of the HT29-MTX strain and by exogenous PC administration by phalloidin staining of actin microfilaments. CONCLUSION PC supplementation was effective in improving intestinal barrier defense against C. difficile toxin A challenge. PC administration may be a useful therapeutic adjunct in severe cases of C. difficile colitis or in patients who do not improve with conventional treatment.
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Diebel LN, Liberati DM. Reinforcement of the intestinal mucus layer protects against Clostridium difficile intestinal injury in vitro. J Am Coll Surg 2014; 219:460-8. [PMID: 25067805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile infection is increasing in incidence and severity. Attributable factors include virulence factors, including C difficile toxins A and B, as well as host immunologic status. The mucus component of the intestinal barrier is impaired by malnutrition, shock insults, and alterations in the gut microbiome. Exogenous phosphatidylcholine (PC) administration results in reinforcement of the mucus layer and is of therapeutic benefit in chronic ulcerative colitis. We therefore studied the role of exogenous PC combined with secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) in intestinal barrier function against C difficile infection in vitro. STUDY DESIGN Dimeric IgA was placed in the basal chambers of mucus-producing (HT29-methotrexate) and non-mucus-producing (HT29) strains of intestinal epithelial monolayers and allowed to undergo transcytosis and, in additional experiments, exogenous colostral IgA (30 ng/mL) was added to the apical media. After subsequent coculture with PC and C difficile toxin A in the apical chamber, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, toxin A uptake, intestinal epithelial cell monolayer permeability, and necrosis were determined. RESULTS A significant decrease of 4- to 5-fold in tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels and equally significant decreases in toxin A uptake and permeability changes in the intestinal cell monolayers with mucus or PC and transcytosed or colostral IgA vs control are shown. All groups analyzed also displayed a 2- to 3-fold reduction in necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Mucus or "exogenous" mucus in the form of PC has a synergistic role with secretory IgA in barrier defense against C difficile toxin A. Exogenous PC administration can be a therapeutic adjunct in patients with severe or recalcitrant C difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence N Diebel
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University Medical Center, Detroit, MI.
| | - David M Liberati
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University Medical Center, Detroit, MI
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NMR-Based Metabonomic Studies on Stomach Heat and Cold Syndromes and Intervention Effects of the Corresponding Formulas. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:528396. [PMID: 24701240 PMCID: PMC3950656 DOI: 10.1155/2014/528396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zuojin Wan (ZJW) and Lizhong Wan (LZW) have been widely used in the treatment of Stomach heat and cold syndrome (SH and SC), respectively. In this study, a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) based metabonomic approach was developed to profile SH and SC-related metabolic perturbations in rat serum and to investigate the intervention effects of ZJW and LZW on the corresponding SH and SC. Compared to the conventional macroscopic and histopathological examinations, the metabonomic approach could enable discrimination between SH and SC based on serum metabolic profiles. Meanwhile, 17 and 15 potential biomarkers associated with SH and SC, respectively, which were mainly involved in gastric dysfunction and mucosal lesions, gut microbiotal activity, transmethylation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, were identified. Furthermore, taking the potential biomarkers as drug targets, it was revealed that administration of ZJW and LZW could exclusively reverse the pathological process of SH and SC, respectively, through partially regulating the disturbed metabolic pathways. This work showed biological basis related to SH and SC at metabolic level and offered a new paradigm for better understanding and explanation of “Fang Zheng Dui Ying” principle in traditional Chinese medicine from a systemic view.
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Le TT, Van Camp J, Dewettinck K. Milk Fat Globule Membrane Material. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63294-4.00012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Nicolson GL, Ash ME. Lipid Replacement Therapy: a natural medicine approach to replacing damaged lipids in cellular membranes and organelles and restoring function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:1657-79. [PMID: 24269541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid Replacement Therapy, the use of functional oral supplements containing cell membrane phospholipids and antioxidants, has been used to replace damaged, usually oxidized, membrane glycerophospholipids that accumulate during aging and in various clinical conditions in order to restore cellular function. This approach differs from other dietary and intravenous phospholipid interventions in the composition of phospholipids and their defense against oxidation during storage, ingestion, digestion and uptake as well as the use of protective molecules that noncovalently complex with phospholipid micelles and prevent their enzymatic and bile disruption. Once the phospholipids have been taken in by transport processes, they are protected by several natural mechanisms involving lipid receptors, transport and carrier molecules and circulating cells and lipoproteins until their delivery to tissues and cells where they can again be transferred to intracellular membranes by specific and nonspecific transport systems. Once delivered to membrane sites, they naturally replace and stimulate removal of damaged membrane lipids. Various chronic clinical conditions are characterized by membrane damage, mainly oxidative but also enzymatic, resulting in loss of cellular function. This is readily apparent in mitochondrial inner membranes where oxidative damage to phospholipids like cardiolipin and other molecules results in loss of trans-membrane potential, electron transport function and generation of high-energy molecules. Recent clinical trials have shown the benefits of Lipid Replacement Therapy in restoring mitochondrial function and reducing fatigue in aged subjects and patients with a variety of clinical diagnoses that are characterized by loss of mitochondrial function and include fatigue as a major symptom. This Article is Part of a Special Issue Entitled: Membrane Structure and Function: Relevance in the Cell's Physiology, Pathology and Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92649, USA.
| | - Michael E Ash
- Clinical Education, Newton Abbot, Devon TQ12 4SG, UK
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Cetinkaya M, Cansev M, Cekmez F, Tayman C, Canpolat FE, Kafa IM, Uysal S, Tunc T, Sarici SU. CDP-choline reduces severity of intestinal injury in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Surg Res 2012; 183:119-28. [PMID: 23228325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) is an endogenous intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a contributor to the mucosal defense of the intestine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible cytoprotective effect of CDP-choline treatment on intestinal cell damage, membrane phospholipid content, inflammation, and apoptosis in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). METHODS We divided a total of 30 newborn pups into three groups: control, NEC, and NEC + CDP-choline. We induced NEC by enteral formula feeding, exposure to hypoxia-hyperoxia, and cold stress. We administered CDP-choline intraperitoneally at 300 mg/kg/d for 3 d starting from the first day of life. We evaluated apoptosis macroscopically and histopathologically in combination with proinflammatory cytokines in the gut samples. Moreover, we determined membrane phospholipid levels as well as activities of xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and myeloperoxidase enzymes and the malondialdehyde content of intestinal tissue. RESULTS Mean clinical sickness score, macroscopic gut assessment score, and intestinal injury score were significantly improved, whereas mean apoptosis score and caspase-3 levels were significantly reduced in pups in the NEC + CDP-choline group compared with the NEC group. Tissue proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) levels as well as tissue malondialdehyde content and myeloperoxidase activities were reduced, whereas glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were preserved in the NEC + CDP-choline group. In addition, NEC damage reduced intestinal tissue membrane phospholipids, whereas CDP-choline significantly enhanced total phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine levels. Long-term follow-up in additional experiments revealed increased body weight, decreased clinical sickness scores, and enhanced survival in CDP-choline-receiving versus saline-receiving pups with NEC lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports, for the first time, beneficial effects of CDP-choline treatment on intestinal injury in a neonatal rat model of NEC. Our data suggest that CDP-choline may be used as an effective therapeutic agent to prevent NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merih Cetinkaya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
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Pharmacological activation of the bile acid nuclear farnesoid X receptor is feasible in patients with quiescent Crohn's colitis. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23189156 PMCID: PMC3506649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bile acid-activated nuclear receptor Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is critical in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and preventing bacterial overgrowth. Patients with Crohn's colitis (CC) exhibit reduced ileal FXR target gene expression. FXR agonists have been shown to ameliorate inflammation in murine colitis models. We here explore the feasibility of pharmacological FXR activation in CC. Methods Nine patients with quiescent CC and 12 disease controls were treated with the FXR ligand chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA; 15 mg/kg/day) for 8 days. Ileal FXR activation was assessed in the fasting state during 6 hrs after the first CDCA dose and on day 8, by quantification of serum levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19. Since FGF19 induces gallbladder (GB) refilling in murine models, we also determined concurrent GB volumes by ultrasound. On day 8 ileal and cecal biopsies were obtained and FXR target gene expression was determined. Results At baseline, FGF19 levels were not different between CC and disease controls. After the first CDCA dose, there were progressive increases of FGF19 levels and GB volumes during the next 6 hours in CC patients and disease controls (FGF19: 576 resp. 537% of basal; GB volumes: 190 resp. 178% of basal) without differences between both groups, and a further increase at day 8. In comparison with a separate untreated control group, CDCA affected FXR target gene expression in both CC and disease controls, without differences between both groups. Conclusions Pharmacological activation of FXR is feasible in patients with CC. These data provide a rationale to explore the anti-inflammatory properties of pharmacological activation of FXR in these patients. Trial Registration TrialRegister.nl NTR2009
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Different roles for lactococcal aggregation factor and mucin binding protein in adhesion to gastrointestinal mucosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:7993-8000. [PMID: 22961901 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02141-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of bacteria to mucosal surfaces and epithelial cells is one of the key features for the selection of probiotics. In this study, we assessed the adhesion property of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BGKP1 based on its strong autoaggregation phenotype and the presence of the mucin binding protein (MbpL). Genes involved in aggregation (aggL) and possible interaction with mucin (mbpL), present on the same plasmid pKP1, were previously separately cloned in the plasmid pAZIL. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed potentially different physiological roles of these two proteins in the process of adherence to the intestine during the passage of the strain through the gastrointestinal tract. We correlated the in vitro and in vivo aggregation of the BGKP1-20 carrying plasmid with aggL to binding to the colonic mucus through nonspecific hydrophobic interactions. The expression of AggL on the bacterial cell surface significantly increased the hydrophobicity of the strain. On the other hand, the presence of AggL in the strain reduced its ability to adhere to the ileum. Moreover, MbpL protein showed an affinity to bind gastric type mucin proteins such as MUC5AC. This protein did not contribute to the binding of the strain to the ileal or colonic part of the intestine. Different potential functions of lactococcal AggL and MbpL proteins in the process of adhesion to the gastrointestinal tract are proposed.
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Kovács T, Varga G, Erces D, Tőkés T, Tiszlavicz L, Ghyczy M, Vécsei L, Boros M, Kaszaki J. [Comparative study of novel therapeutic possibilities in animal experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease]. Magy Seb 2012; 65:191-7. [PMID: 22940387 DOI: 10.1556/maseb.65.2012.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The consequence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is cytokine-mediated severe local tissue damage. Our aim was to determine the extent of inflammatory response and to influence the morphologic changes during the subacute phase of trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis by oral phosphatidylcholine (PC) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist kynurenic acid therapy. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control, untreated colitis (ic TNBS), colitis fed with 2% PC-containing diet (3 days pre-treatment +3 days treatment after TNBS induction), colitis with kynurenic acid treatment (on day 6, n = 7) groups. The colitis was characterized by tissue myeloperoxidase and plasma TNF-alpha levels, the extent of tissue damage, structural changes in microvasculature (FITC-dextran staining) and mucosal injury (acridine orange staining) were determined by in vivo confocal laser scanning endomicroscopy (Optiscan Five1, Australia) and conventional histology (hematoxyilin-eosin staining). RESULTS Significant elevation in myeloperoxidase and TNF-alpha levels with remarkable damage in epithelial structure was detected in the colitis group. Both treatment regimens significantly decreased the level of inflammatory activation but only PC pretreatment could preserve the number of goblet cells and the epithelial structure. Treatment with kynurenic acid did not alter the morphology changes. CONCLUSION Oral PC pretreatment is a promising possibility in the therapy of IBDs through decreasing inflammatory reaction and increasing the number of goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Kovács
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Gyermekklinika, Gyermeksebészeti Osztály Szeged
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Dietary Phosphatidylcholine Supplementation Attenuates Inflammatory Mucosal Damage in a Rat Model of Experimental Colitis. Shock 2012; 38:177-85. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31825d1ed0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Dhawan S, Cailotto C, Harthoorn LF, de Jonge WJ. Cholinergic signalling in gut immunity. Life Sci 2012; 91:1038-42. [PMID: 22580288 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gut immune system shares many signalling molecules and receptors with the autonomic nervous system. A good example is the vagal neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), for which many immune cell types express cholinergic receptors (AChR). In the last decade the vagal nerve has emerged as an integral part of an immune regulation network via its release of ACh; a system coined "the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex". The perspective of cholinergic immune regulation in the gut mucosa has been widened by the recent discovery of populations of ACh producing immune cells in the spleen and other organs. As such, ACh, classically referred to as neurotransmitter, may serve a much broader function as bi-directional signalling molecule between neurons and non-neuronal cell types of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Dhawan
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and GI research, AMC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tanaka T, Kassai A, Ohmoto M, Morito K, Kashiwada Y, Takaishi Y, Urikura M, Morishige JI, Satouchi K, Tokumura A. Quantification of phosphatidic acid in foodstuffs using a thin-layer-chromatography-imaging technique. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4156-4161. [PMID: 22475031 DOI: 10.1021/jf300147y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Apical application of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a growth-factor-like phospholipid, was shown to prevent or restore gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as diarrhea and stomach ulcer, in experimental animals. Because LPA is formed from phosphatidic acid (PA) by the activity of digestive phospholipase A(2), PA is a potential component for dietary treatment of such GI disorders. Here, we quantified PA contained in 38 foodstuffs and 3 herbs by a thin-layer-chromatography-imaging technique. Vegetables belonging to Brassicaceae, such as cabbage leaves (700 nmol/g of wet weight) and Japanese radish leaves (570 nmol/g), contained higher amounts of PA than other foodstuffs. Amounts of PA in fruits, cereals, and starchy root vegetables were below 300 nmol/g. Animal foodstuffs contained low amounts of PA (<60 nmol/g). Interestingly, leaves of Mallotus japonicas, a Japanese edible herb used for treatment of stomach ulcer, had the highest PA (1410 nmol/g) among those examined. The data shown here will be useful for the development of dietary treatment for a damaged GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tanaka
- Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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Rieder F, Karrasch T, Ben-Horin S, Schirbel A, Ehehalt R, Wehkamp J, de Haar C, Velin D, Latella G, Scaldaferri F, Rogler G, Higgins P, Sans M. Results of the 2nd scientific workshop of the ECCO (III): basic mechanisms of intestinal healing. J Crohns Colitis 2012; 6:373-85. [PMID: 22405177 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The second scientific workshop of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO) focused on the relevance of intestinal healing for the disease course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objective was to better understand basic mechanisms, markers for disease prediction, detection and monitoring of intestinal healing, impact of intestinal healing on the disease course of IBD as well as therapeutic strategies. The results of this workshop are presented in four separate manuscripts. This section describes basic mechanisms of intestinal healing, identifies open questions in the field and provides a framework for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA.
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Collnot EM, Ali H, Lehr CM. Nano- and microparticulate drug carriers for targeting of the inflamed intestinal mucosa. J Control Release 2012; 161:235-46. [PMID: 22306429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conventional treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is based on the daily administration of high doses of immune-suppressant or anti-inflammatory drugs, often complicated by serious adverse effects. Thus, a carrier system that delivers the drug specifically to the inflamed intestinal regions and shows prolonged drug release would be desirable. The advent of TNF-α antibodies and other biopharmaceuticals as potent and specific immune modulators in recent years has broadened the treatment options in IBD, but further increases the necessity for adequate drug delivery, as integrity and bioactivity of the biological active have to be ensured. Exploiting the pathophysiological idiosyncrasies of IBD such as increased mucus production, changes in the structure of the intestinal epithelium and invasion of activated macrophages, different colloidal drug carrier systems have been designed to passively or actively target the site of inflammation. This review introduces different micro- or nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for oral application in IBD therapy for the delivery of small molecular compounds and next generation therapeutics from the group of biological (i.e. peptide and nucleotide based) drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Collnot
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Dept. of Drug Delivery Saarland University, Campus A 4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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