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Wong A, Sun Q, Latif II, Karwi QG. Metabolic flux in macrophages in obesity and type-2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:13210. [PMID: 38988822 PMCID: PMC11233469 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent literature extensively investigates the crucial role of energy metabolism in determining the inflammatory response and polarization status of macrophages. This rapidly expanding area of research highlights the importance of understanding the link between energy metabolism and macrophage function. The metabolic pathways in macrophages are intricate and interdependent, and they can affect the polarization of macrophages. Previous studies suggested that glucose flux through cytosolic glycolysis is necessary to trigger pro-inflammatory phenotypes of macrophages, and fatty acid oxidation is crucial to support anti-inflammatory responses. However, recent studies demonstrated that this understanding is oversimplified and that the metabolic control of macrophage polarization is highly complex and not fully understood yet. How the metabolic flux through different metabolic pathways (glycolysis, glucose oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, ketone oxidation, and amino acid oxidation) is altered by obesity- and type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated insulin resistance is also not fully defined. This mini-review focuses on the impact of insulin resistance in obesity and T2D on the metabolic flux through the main metabolic pathways in macrophages, which might be linked to changes in their inflammatory responses. We closely evaluated the experimental studies and methodologies used in the published research and highlighted priority research areas for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Qiuyu Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ismail Ibrahim Latif
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubaa, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, NL, Canada
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Shen C, Ding X, Ruan J, Ruan F, Hu W, Huang J, He C, Yu Y, Zuo Z. Black phosphorus quantum dots induce myocardial inflammatory responses and metabolic disorders in mice. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:53-64. [PMID: 37980037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
As an ultrasmall derivative of black phosphorus (BP) sheets, BP quantum dots (BP-QDs) have been effectively used in many fields. Currently, information on the cardiotoxicity induced by BP-QDs remains limited. We aimed to evaluate BP-QD-induced cardiac toxicity in mice. Histopathological examination of heart tissue sections was performed. Transcriptome sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR (RT‒qPCR), western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays were used to detect the mRNA and/or protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and glucose/lipid metabolism pathway-related genes. We found that heart weight and heart/body weight index (HBI) were significantly reduced in mice after intragastric administration of 0.1 or 1 mg/kg BP-QDs for 28 days. In addition, obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and increased cardiomyocyte diameter were observed in the BP-QD-treated groups. Altered expression of proinflammatory cytokines and genes related to the NF-κB signaling pathway further confirmed that BP-QD exposure induced inflammatory responses. In addition, BP-QD treatment also affected the PI3K-AKT, PPARγ, thermogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and cardiac muscle contraction signaling pathways. The expression of genes related to glucose/lipid metabolism signaling pathways was dramatically affected by BP-QD exposure, and the effect was primarily mediated by the PPAR signaling pathway. Our study provides new insights into the toxicity of BP-QDs to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jinpeng Ruan
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fengkai Ruan
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weiping Hu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiyi Huang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chengyong He
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Okrit F, Chayanupatkul M, Wanpiyarat N, Siriviriyakul P, Werawatganon D. Genistein and sex hormone treatment alleviated hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation in orchidectomized rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26055. [PMID: 38380011 PMCID: PMC10877361 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency has been reported to accelerate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there are minimal data on the risk of NAFLD in transgender women and the treatment of NAFLD in this population. This study aimed to investigate the treatment effects and the mechanisms of action of genistein and sex hormones in orchiectomized (ORX) rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a high fat high fructose diet (HFHF). Seven-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 6 each group); 1) control group, 2) ORX + standard diet group, 3) HFHF group, 4) ORX + HFHF group, 5) ORX + HFHF diet + testosterone group (50 mg/kg body weight (BW) once weekly), 6) ORX + HFHF diet + estradiol group (1.6 mg/kg BW daily), and 7) ORX + HFHF diet + genistein group (16 mg/kg BW daily). The duration of treatment was 6 weeks. Liver tissue was used for histological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining and hepatic fat measurement by Oil Red O staining. Protein expression levels of histone deacetylase3 (HDAC3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) were analyzed by immunoblotting. Hepatic nuclear factor (NF)-ĸB expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Rats in the ORX + HFHF group had the highest degree of hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and the highest percentage of positive Oil Red O staining area among all groups. The expression of HDAC3 and PPARδ was downregulated, while NF-ĸB expression was upregulated in the ORX + HFHF group when compared with control and ORX + standard diet groups. Testosterone, estradiol and genistein treatment improved histological features of NASH together with the reversal of HDAC3, PPARδ and NF-ĸB protein expression comparing with the ORX + HFHF group. In summary, genistein and sex hormone treatment could alleviate NASH through the up-regulation of HDAC3 and PPARδ, and the suppression of NF-ĸB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatist Okrit
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Chayanupatkul
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natcha Wanpiyarat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasong Siriviriyakul
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Werawatganon
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Souza-Tavares H, Miranda CS, Vasques-Monteiro IML, Sandoval C, Santana-Oliveira DA, Silva-Veiga FM, Fernandes-da-Silva A, Souza-Mello V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as targets to treat metabolic diseases: Focus on the adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4136-4155. [PMID: 37475842 PMCID: PMC10354577 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i26.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is experiencing reflections of the intersection of two pandemics: Obesity and coronavirus disease 2019. The prevalence of obesity has tripled since 1975 worldwide, representing substantial public health costs due to its comorbidities. The adipose tissue is the initial site of obesity impairments. During excessive energy intake, it undergoes hyperplasia and hypertrophy until overt inflammation and insulin resistance turn adipocytes into dysfunctional cells that send lipotoxic signals to other organs. The pancreas is one of the organs most affected by obesity. Once lipotoxicity becomes chronic, there is an increase in insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells, a surrogate for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These alterations threaten the survival of the pancreatic islets, which tend to become dysfunctional, reaching exhaustion in the long term. As for the liver, lipotoxicity favors lipogenesis and impairs beta-oxidation, resulting in hepatic steatosis. This silent disease affects around 30% of the worldwide population and can evolve into end-stage liver disease. Although therapy for hepatic steatosis remains to be defined, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activation copes with T2DM management. Peroxisome PPARs are transcription factors found at the intersection of several metabolic pathways, leading to insulin resistance relief, improved thermogenesis, and expressive hepatic steatosis mitigation by increasing mitochondrial beta-oxidation. This review aimed to update the potential of PPAR agonists as targets to treat metabolic diseases, focusing on adipose tissue plasticity and hepatic and pancreatic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno 5310431, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Department of Anatomy, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil
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Miao M, Wang X, Liu T, Li YJ, Yu WQ, Yang TM, Guo SD. Targeting PPARs for therapy of atherosclerosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125008. [PMID: 37217063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chief pathogenic factor of cardiovascular disease, is associated with many factors including inflammation, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and are widely expressed with tissue- and cell-specificity. They control multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and redox homeostasis. Given the diverse biological functions of PPARs, they have been extensively studied since their discovery in 1990s. Although controversies exist, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that PPAR activation attenuates atherosclerosis. Recent advances are valuable for understanding the mechanisms of action of PPAR activation. This article reviews the recent findings, mainly from the year of 2018 to present, including endogenous molecules in regulation of PPARs, roles of PPARs in atherosclerosis by focusing on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and synthesized PPAR modulators. This article provides information valuable for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, for pharmacologists that are interested in developing novel PPAR agonists and antagonists with lower side effects as well as for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tong-Mei Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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6
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Chirico N, Kessler EL, Maas RGC, Fang J, Qin J, Dokter I, Daniels M, Šarić T, Neef K, Buikema JW, Lei Z, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, van Mil A. Small molecule-mediated rapid maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:531. [PMID: 36575473 PMCID: PMC9795728 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) do not display all hallmarks of mature primary cardiomyocytes, especially the ability to use fatty acids (FA) as an energy source, containing high mitochondrial mass, presenting binucleation and increased DNA content per nuclei (polyploidism), and synchronized electrical conduction. This immaturity represents a bottleneck to their application in (1) disease modelling-as most cardiac (genetic) diseases have a middle-age onset-and (2) clinically relevant models, where integration and functional coupling are key. So far, several methods have been reported to enhance iPSC-CM maturation; however, these protocols are laborious, costly, and not easily scalable. Therefore, we developed a simple, low-cost, and rapid protocol to promote cardiomyocyte maturation using two small molecule activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ and gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPAR/PGC-1α) pathway: asiatic acid (AA) and GW501516 (GW). METHODS AND RESULTS: Monolayers of iPSC-CMs were incubated with AA or GW every other day for ten days resulting in increased expression of FA metabolism-related genes and markers for mitochondrial activity. AA-treated iPSC-CMs responsiveness to the mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors increased and exhibited higher flexibility in substrate utilization. Additionally, structural maturity improved after treatment as demonstrated by an increase in mRNA expression of sarcomeric-related genes and higher nuclear polyploidy in AA-treated samples. Furthermore, treatment led to increased ion channel gene expression and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we developed a fast, easy, and economical method to induce iPSC-CMs maturation via PPAR/PGC-1α activation. Treatment with AA or GW led to increased metabolic, structural, functional, and electrophysiological maturation, evaluated using a multiparametric quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Chirico
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elise L. Kessler
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renée G. C. Maas
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juntao Fang
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jiabin Qin
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Dokter
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Daniels
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tomo Šarić
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Neef
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.491096.3Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem Buikema
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.411737.7Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Papatheodorou I, Makrecka-Kuka M, Kuka J, Liepinsh E, Dambrova M, Lazou A. Pharmacological activation of PPARβ/δ preserves mitochondrial respiratory function in ischemia/reperfusion via stimulation of fatty acid oxidation-linked respiration and PGC-1α/NRF-1 signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:941822. [PMID: 36046786 PMCID: PMC9420994 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.941822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to significant impairment of cardiac function and remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) confers cardioprotection via pleiotropic effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PPARβ/δ activation on myocardial mitochondrial respiratory function and link this effect with cardioprotection after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). For this purpose, rats were treated with the PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 and/or antagonist GSK0660 in vivo. Mitochondrial respiration and ROS production rates were determined using high-resolution fluororespirometry. Activation of PPARβ/δ did not alter mitochondrial respiratory function in the healthy heart, however, inhibition of PPARβ/δ reduced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and complex II-linked mitochondrial respiration and shifted the substrate dependence away from succinate-related energy production and towards NADH. Activation of PPARβ/δ reduced mitochondrial stress during in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation. Furthermore, it preserved FAO-dependent mitochondrial respiration and lowered ROS production at oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent state during ex vivo I/R. PPARβ/δ activation was also followed by increased mRNA expression of components of FAO -linked respiration and of transcription factors governing mitochondrial homeostasis (carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b and 2-CPT-1b and CPT-2, electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase -ETFDH, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha- PGC-1α and nuclear respiratory factor 1-NRF-1). In conclusion, activation of PPARβ/δ stimulated both FAO-linked respiration and PGC-1α/NRF -1 signaling and preserved mitochondrial respiratory function during I/R. These effects are associated with reduced infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Papatheodorou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Makrecka-Kuka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Kuka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Antigone Lazou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- *Correspondence: Antigone Lazou,
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8
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Wenzl FA, Ambrosini S, Mohammed SA, Kraler S, Lüscher TF, Costantino S, Paneni F. Inflammation in Metabolic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:742178. [PMID: 34671656 PMCID: PMC8520939 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.742178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overlapping pandemics of lifestyle-related diseases pose a substantial threat to cardiovascular health. Apart from coronary artery disease, metabolic disturbances linked to obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes directly compromise myocardial structure and function through independent and shared mechanisms heavily involving inflammatory signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic dysregulation causes systemic inflammation, which in turn aggravates cardiovascular disease. Indeed, elevated systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and metabolic substrates induce an inflammatory state in different cardiac cells and lead to subcellular alterations thereby promoting maladaptive myocardial remodeling. At the cellular level, inflammation-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired calcium handling, and lipotoxicity contribute to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and dysfunction, extracellular matrix accumulation and microvascular disease. In cardiometabolic patients, myocardial inflammation is maintained by innate immune cell activation mediated by pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and downstream activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB-dependent pathways. Chronic low-grade inflammation progressively alters metabolic processes in the heart, leading to a metabolic cardiomyopathy (MC) phenotype and eventually to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In accordance with preclinical data, observational studies consistently showed increased inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic features in patients with HFpEF. Future treatment approaches of MC may target inflammatory mediators as they are closely intertwined with cardiac nutrient metabolism. Here, we review current evidence on inflammatory processes involved in the development of MC and provide an overview of nutrient and cytokine-driven pro-inflammatory effects stratified by cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Wenzl
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kraler
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Aguilar-Recarte D, Palomer X, Wahli W, Vázquez-Carrera M. The PPARβ/δ-AMPK Connection in the Treatment of Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8555. [PMID: 34445261 PMCID: PMC8395240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus do not adequately control the disease in many patients. Consequently, there is a need for new drugs to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among the new potential pharmacological strategies, activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ show promise. Remarkably, most of the antidiabetic effects of PPARβ/δ agonists involve AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This review summarizes the recent mechanistic insights into the antidiabetic effects of the PPARβ/δ-AMPK pathway, including the upregulation of glucose uptake, muscle remodeling, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and autophagy, as well as the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects resulting from the PPARβ/δ-AMPK pathway may provide the basis for the development of new therapies in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguilar-Recarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.-R.); (X.P.)
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.-R.); (X.P.)
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, UMR1331, CEDEX, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.-R.); (X.P.)
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Kim SR, Choi S, Kim K, Chang J, Kim SM, Cho Y, Oh YH, Lee G, Son JS, Kim KH, Park SM. Association of the combined effects of air pollution and changes in physical activity with cardiovascular disease in young adults. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2487-2497. [PMID: 33780974 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Little is known about the trade-off between the health benefits of physical activity (PA) and the potential harmful effects of increased exposure to air pollution during outdoor PA. We examined the association of the combined effects of air pollution and changes in PA with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young adults. METHODS AND RESULTS This nationwide cohort study included 1 469 972 young adults aged 20-39 years. Air pollution exposure was estimated by the annual average cumulative level of particulate matter (PM). PA was calculated as minutes of metabolic equivalent tasks per week (MET-min/week) based on two consecutive health examinations from 2009 to 2012. Compared with the participants exposed to low-to-moderate levels of PM2.5 or PM10 who continuously engaged in ≥1000 MET-min/week of PA, those who decreased their PA from ≥1000 MET-min/week to 1-499 MET-min/week [PM10 adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.48] and to 0 MET-min/week (physically inactive; PM10 aHR 1.38; 95% CI 1.07-1.78) had an increased risk of CVD (P for trend <0.01). Among participants exposed to high levels of PM2.5 or PM10, the risk of CVD was elevated with an increase in PA above 1000 MET-min/week. CONCLUSION Reducing PA may lead to subsequent elevation of CVD risk in young adults exposed to low-to-moderate levels of PM2.5 or PM10, whereas a large increase in PA in a high-pollution environment may adversely affect cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Rae Kim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Kyuwoong Kim
- Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jooyoung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Yoosun Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, 15, Aran 13-gil, Jeju-si, Jeju 63241, South Korea
| | - Gyeongsil Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Joung Sik Son
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Kyae Hyung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.,Institute for Public Health and Medical Service, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
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11
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Todorović Z, Đurašević S, Stojković M, Grigorov I, Pavlović S, Jasnić N, Tosti T, Macut JB, Thiemermann C, Đorđević J. Lipidomics Provides New Insight into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets of the Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062798. [PMID: 33801983 PMCID: PMC7999969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play an essential role in both tissue protection and damage. Tissue ischemia creates anaerobic conditions in which enzyme inactivation occurs, and reperfusion can initiate oxidative stress that leads to harmful changes in membrane lipids, the formation of aldehydes, and chain damage until cell death. The critical event in such a series of harmful events in the cell is the unwanted accumulation of fatty acids that leads to lipotoxicity. Lipid analysis provides additional insight into the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) disorders and reveals new targets for drug action. The profile of changes in the composition of fatty acids in the cell, as well as the time course of these changes, indicate both the mechanism of damage and new therapeutic possibilities. A therapeutic approach to reperfusion lipotoxicity involves attenuation of fatty acids overload, i.e., their transport to adipose tissue and/or inhibition of the adverse effects of fatty acids on cell damage and death. The latter option involves using PPAR agonists and drugs that modulate the transport of fatty acids via carnitine into the interior of the mitochondria or the redirection of long-chain fatty acids to peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Todorović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (J.B.M.)
- University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-63-8827076
| | - Siniša Đurašević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Đ.); (N.J.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Maja Stojković
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (J.B.M.)
| | - Ilijana Grigorov
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Slađan Pavlović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Nebojša Jasnić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Đ.); (N.J.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Tomislav Tosti
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelica Bjekić Macut
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (J.B.M.)
- University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Jelena Đorđević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Đ.); (N.J.); (J.Đ.)
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12
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Shao M, Lu L, Wang Q, Ma L, Tian X, Li C, Li C, Guo D, Wang Q, Wang W, Wang Y. The multi-faceted role of retinoid X receptor in cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111264. [PMID: 33761589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are members of ligand-dependent transcription factors whose effects on a diversity of cellular processes, including cellular proliferation, the immune response, and lipid and glucose metabolism. Knock out of RXRα causes a hypoplasia of the myocardium which is lethal during fetal life. In addition, the heart maintains a well-orchestrated balances in utilizing fatty acids (FAs) and other substrates to meet the high energy requirements. As the master transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism, RXRs become particularly important for the energy needs of the heart. Accumulating evidence suggested that RXRs may exert direct beneficial effects in the heart both through heterodimerization with other nuclear receptors (NRs) and homodimerization, thus standing as suitable targets for treating in cardiovascular diseases. Although compounds that target RXRs are promising drugs, their use is limited by toxicity. A better understanding of the structural biology of RXRs in cardiovascular disease should enable the rational design of more selective nuclear receptor modulators to overcome these problems. Here, this review summarizes a brief overview of RXRs structure and versatility of RXR action in the control of cardiovascular diseases. And we also discussed the therapeutic potential of RXR ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Shao
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Linghui Lu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xue Tian
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Changxiang Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongqing Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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13
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Khan S, Ahmad SS, Kamal MA. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Mechanism to Management in a Nutshell. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:268-281. [PMID: 32735531 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200731174724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by gradually failing heart with detrimental cardiac remodelings, such as fibrosis and diastolic and systolic dysfunction, which is not directly attributable to coronary artery disease. Insulin resistance and resulting hyperglycemia is the main trigger involved in the initiation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. There is a constellation of many pathophysiological events, such as lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, dysfunctional immune modulation promoting increased rate of cardiac cell injury, apoptosis, and necrosis, which ultimately culminates into interstitial fibrosis, cardiac stiffness, diastolic dysfunction, initially, and later systolic dysfunction too. These events finally lead to clinical heart failure of DCM. Herein, The pathophysiology of DCM is briefly discussed. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies currently used for DCM are also briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Khan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Syed S Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Kadayat TM, Shrestha A, Jeon YH, An H, Kim J, Cho SJ, Chin J. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta (PPARδ): A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10109-10134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Man Kadayat
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Aarajana Shrestha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongchan An
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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15
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PPARs as Metabolic Regulators in the Liver: Lessons from Liver-Specific PPAR-Null Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062061. [PMID: 32192216 PMCID: PMC7139552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, β/δ, and γ modulate lipid homeostasis. PPARα regulates lipid metabolism in the liver, the organ that largely controls whole-body nutrient/energy homeostasis, and its abnormalities may lead to hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, steatofibrosis, and liver cancer. PPARβ/δ promotes fatty acid β-oxidation largely in extrahepatic organs, and PPARγ stores triacylglycerol in adipocytes. Investigations using liver-specific PPAR-disrupted mice have revealed major but distinct contributions of the three PPARs in the liver. This review summarizes the findings of liver-specific PPAR-null mice and discusses the role of PPARs in the liver.
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16
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Long Noncoding Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in Age-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123079. [PMID: 31238513 PMCID: PMC6627372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most serious health problem in the world, displaying high rates of morbidity and mortality. One of the main risk factors for CVDs is age. Indeed, several mechanisms are at play during aging, determining the functional decline of the cardiovascular system. Aging cells and tissues are characterized by diminished autophagy, causing the accumulation of damaged proteins and mitochondria, as well as by increased levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, senescence and inflammation. These processes can induce a rapid deterioration of cellular quality-control systems. However, the molecular mechanisms of age-associated CVDs are only partially known, hampering the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Evidence has emerged indicating that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs), are implicated in most patho-physiological mechanisms. Specifically, lncRNAs can bind miRNAs and act as competing endogenous-RNAs (ceRNAs), therefore modulating the levels of the mRNAs targeted by the sponged miRNA. These complex lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks, by regulating autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, senescence and inflammation, play a crucial role in the development of age-dependent CVDs. In this review, the emerging knowledge on lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks will be summarized and the way in which they influence age-related CVDs development will be discussed.
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17
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Oikonomou E, Mourouzis K, Fountoulakis P, Papamikroulis GA, Siasos G, Antonopoulos A, Vogiatzi G, Tsalamadris S, Vavuranakis M, Tousoulis D. Interrelationship between diabetes mellitus and heart failure: the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in left ventricle performance. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 23:389-408. [PMID: 29453696 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a common cardiac syndrome, whose pathophysiology involves complex mechanisms, some of which remain unknown. Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes not only a glucose metabolic disorder accompanied by insulin resistance but also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and HF. During the last years though emerging data set up, a bidirectional interrelationship between these two entities. In the case of DM impaired calcium homeostasis, free fatty acid metabolism, redox state, and advance glycation end products may accelerate cardiac dysfunction. On the other hand, when HF exists, hypoperfusion of the liver and pancreas, b-blocker and diuretic treatment, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction may cause impairment of glucose metabolism. These molecular pathways may be used as therapeutic targets for novel antidiabetic agents. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) not only improve insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolism but also manifest a diversity of actions directly or indirectly associated with systolic or diastolic performance of left ventricle and symptoms of HF. Interestingly, they may beneficially affect remodeling of the left ventricle, fibrosis, and diastolic performance but they may cause impaired water handing, sodium retention, and decompensation of HF which should be taken into consideration in the management of patients with DM. In this review article, we present the pathophysiological data linking HF with DM and we focus on the molecular mechanisms of PPARs agonists in left ventricle systolic and diastolic performance providing useful insights in the molecular mechanism of this class of metabolically active regiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Angelos Papamikroulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexis Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tsalamadris
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
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18
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Abstract
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) can transcriptionally regulate target genes. PPARδ exerts essential regulatory functions in the heart, which requires constant energy supply. PPARδ plays a key role in energy metabolism, controlling not only fatty acid (FA) and glucose oxidation, but also redox homeostasis, mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammation, and cardiomyocyte proliferation. PPARδ signaling is impaired in the heart under various pathological conditions, such as pathological cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and diabetic cardiomyopathy. PPARδ deficiency in the heart leads to cardiac dysfunction, myocardial lipid accumulation, cardiac hypertrophy/remodeling and heart failure. This article provides an up-today overview of this research area and discusses the role of PPARδ in the heart in light of the complex mechanisms of its transcriptional regulation and its potential as a translatable therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Yang
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, LSU Healther Science Center, 533 Bolivar St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qinqiang Long
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
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19
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Naringenin exhibits the protective effect on cardiac hypertrophy via EETs-PPARs activation in streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Sanmarco LM, Eberhardt N, Ponce NE, Cano RC, Bonacci G, Aoki MP. New Insights into the Immunobiology of Mononuclear Phagocytic Cells and Their Relevance to the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1921. [PMID: 29375564 PMCID: PMC5767236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the primary immune cells that reside within the myocardium, suggesting that these mononuclear phagocytes are essential in the orchestration of cardiac immunity and homeostasis. Independent of the nature of the injury, the heart triggers leukocyte activation and recruitment. However, inflammation is harmful to this vital terminally differentiated organ with extremely poor regenerative capacity. As such, cardiac tissue has evolved particular strategies to increase the stress tolerance and minimize the impact of inflammation. In this sense, growing evidences show that mononuclear phagocytic cells are particularly dynamic during cardiac inflammation or infection and would actively participate in tissue repair and functional recovery. They respond to soluble mediators such as metabolites or cytokines, which play central roles in the timing of the intrinsic cardiac stress response. During myocardial infarction two distinct phases of monocyte influx have been identified. Upon infarction, the heart modulates its chemokine expression profile that sequentially and actively recruits inflammatory monocytes, first, and healing monocytes, later. In the same way, a sudden switch from inflammatory macrophages (with microbicidal effectors) toward anti-inflammatory macrophages occurs within the myocardium very shortly after infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas cardiomyopathy. While in sterile injury, healing response is necessary to stop tissue damage; during an intracellular infection, the anti-inflammatory milieu in infected hearts would promote microbial persistence. The balance of mononuclear phagocytic cells seems to be also dynamic in atherosclerosis influencing plaque initiation and fate. This review summarizes the participation of mononuclear phagocyte system in cardiovascular diseases, keeping in mind that the immune system evolved to promote the reestablishment of tissue homeostasis following infection/injury, and that the effects of different mediators could modulate the magnitude and quality of the immune response. The knowledge of the effects triggered by diverse mediators would serve to identify new therapeutic targets in different cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Maria Sanmarco
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Eberhardt
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Eric Ponce
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roxana Carolina Cano
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Unidad Asociada Área Ciencias Agrarias, Ingeniería, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Bonacci
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Pilar Aoki
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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21
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Frati G, Schirone L, Chimenti I, Yee D, Biondi-Zoccai G, Volpe M, Sciarretta S. An overview of the inflammatory signalling mechanisms in the myocardium underlying the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:378-388. [PMID: 28395009 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a highly morbid and mortal clinical condition that represents the last stage of most cardiovascular disorders. Diabetes is strongly associated with an increased incidence of heart failure and directly promotes cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis. These changes, in turn, contribute to the development of ventricular dysfunction. The clinical condition associated with the spectrum of cardiac abnormalities induced by diabetes is termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Myocardial inflammation has recently emerged as a pathophysiological process contributing to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction in cardiac diseases. Myocardial inflammation is also implicated in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Several molecular mechanisms link diabetes to myocardial inflammation. The NF-κB signalling pathway and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are strongly activated in the diabetic heart, thereby promoting myocardial inflammation. Advanced glycation end-products and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules also represent strong triggers for inflammation. The mediators resulting from this inflammatory process modulate specific intracellular signalling mechanisms in cardiac cells that promote the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review article will provide an overview of the signalling molecular mechanisms linking diabetic cardiomyopathy to myocardial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 04100 Latina (LT), Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 04100 Latina (LT), Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 04100 Latina (LT), Italy
| | - Derek Yee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 04100 Latina (LT), Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 04100 Latina (LT), Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 04100 Latina (LT), Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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22
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Abushouk AI, El-Husseny MWA, Bahbah EI, Elmaraezy A, Ali AA, Ashraf A, Abdel-Daim MM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as therapeutic targets for heart failure. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:692-700. [PMID: 28886529 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a common clinical syndrome that affects more than 23 million individuals worldwide. Despite the marked advances in its management, the mortality rates in HF patients have remained unacceptably high. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear transcription regulators, involved in the regulation of fatty acid and glucose metabolism. PPAR agonists are currently used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia; however, their role as therapeutic agents for HF remains under investigation. Preclinical studies have shown that pharmacological modulation of PPARs can upregulate the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, PPAR agonists were proven able to improve ventricular contractility and reduce cardiac remodelling in animal models through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic, and anti-apoptotic activities. Whether these effects can be replicated in humans is yet to be proven. This article reviews the interactions of PPARs with the pathophysiological mechanisms of HF and how the pharmacological modulation of these receptors can be of benefit for HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eshak I Bahbah
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elmaraezy
- NovaMed Medical Research Association, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Ashraf Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; Minia Medical Research Society, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ashraf
- Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; Minia Medical Research Society, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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23
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Magadum A, Ding Y, He L, Kim T, Vasudevarao MD, Long Q, Yang K, Wickramasinghe N, Renikunta HV, Dubois N, Weidinger G, Yang Q, Engel FB. Live cell screening platform identifies PPARδ as a regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair. Cell Res 2017; 27:1002-1019. [PMID: 28621328 PMCID: PMC5539351 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish can efficiently regenerate their heart through cardiomyocyte proliferation. In contrast, mammalian cardiomyocytes stop proliferating shortly after birth, limiting the regenerative capacity of the postnatal mammalian heart. Therefore, if the endogenous potential of postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation could be enhanced, it could offer a promising future therapy for heart failure patients. Here, we set out to systematically identify small molecules triggering postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. By screening chemical compound libraries utilizing a Fucci-based system for assessing cell cycle stages, we identified carbacyclin as an inducer of postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. In vitro, carbacyclin induced proliferation of neonatal and adult mononuclear rat cardiomyocytes via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ)/PDK1/p308Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Inhibition of PPARδ reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart regeneration. Notably, inducible cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of constitutively active PPARδ as well as treatment with PPARδ agonist after myocardial infarction in mice induced cell cycle progression in cardiomyocytes, reduced scarring, and improved cardiac function. Collectively, we established a cardiomyocyte proliferation screening system and present a new drugable target with promise for the treatment of cardiac pathologies caused by cardiomyocyte loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Magadum
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yishu Ding
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
| | - Lan He
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
| | - Teayoun Kim
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
| | | | - Qinqiang Long
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Kevin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
| | - Nadeera Wickramasinghe
- Department for Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Box 1040, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Harsha V Renikunta
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Nicole Dubois
- Department for Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Box 1040, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Felix B Engel
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
- Department of Nephropathology, Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 12, Erlangen 91054, Germany
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE)
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24
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Wang Y, Yu B, Wang L, Yang M, Xia Z, Wei W, Zhang F, Yuan X. Pioglitazone ameliorates glomerular NLRP3 inflammasome activation in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181248. [PMID: 28708885 PMCID: PMC5510862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Pioglitazone (PIO) has been found to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in patients with diabetes mellitus, but it is still unclear whether PIO exhibits a similar effect in DN. We aimed to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of PIO on DN, as well as investigate if NLRP3 is a pharmacologic target of PIO. Methods We divided 48 apolipoprotein E (apoE) (-/-) mice into 4 groups: apoE (-/-), apoE (-/-) with PIO, diabetic apoE (-/-), and diabetic apoE (-/-) with PIO. Wild type male C57BL/6 mice were used as controls (n = 8 per group). After 8 weeks of PIO treatment, we examined the baseline characteristics and metabolic parameters of each group, and we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the expression levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), NLRP3, nuclear factor—kappa B (NF-κB), caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-18, and IL-1β in each group. Results Compared to the diabetic apoE (-/-) group, PIO treatment decreased blood glucose, cholesterol, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels. It also depressed the glomerular mesangial expansion. PIO down-regulated expression of AGEs, RAGE, and NF-κB, all of which further depressed NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β levels. Conclusion Pioglitazone can ameliorate diabetic renal damage, and this effect is related to the inhibition of renal AGE/RAGE axis activation and the down-regulation of NF-κB expression. These effects lead to a decline in NLRP3 levels and downstream secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of nephrology, the affiliated hospital of Yangzhou University (Yangzhou NO.1 people’s hospital), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of emergency, the affiliated hospital of Yangzhou University (Yangzhou NO.1 people’s hospital), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of cardiology, the affiliated hospital of Yangzhou University (Yangzhou NO.1 people’s hospital), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of nephrology, the affiliated hospital of Yangzhou University (Yangzhou NO.1 people’s hospital), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyin Xia
- Department of nephrology, the affiliated hospital of Yangzhou University (Yangzhou NO.1 people’s hospital), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of nephrology, the affiliated hospital of Yangzhou University (Yangzhou NO.1 people’s hospital), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- Central lab, the affiliated hospital of Yangzhou University (Yangzhou NO.1 people’s hospital), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochen Yuan
- Department of cardiology, the affiliated hospital of Yangzhou University (Yangzhou NO.1 people’s hospital), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Development and Progression of Cardiac Remodeling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3920195. [PMID: 28751931 PMCID: PMC5511646 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3920195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathological molecular mechanisms involved in myocardial remodeling contribute to alter the existing structure of the heart, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Among the complex signaling network that characterizes myocardial remodeling, the distinct processes are myocyte loss, cardiac hypertrophy, alteration of extracellular matrix homeostasis, fibrosis, defective autophagy, metabolic abnormalities, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Several pathophysiological stimuli, such as pressure and volume overload, trigger the remodeling cascade, a process that initially confers protection to the heart as a compensatory mechanism. Yet chronic inflammation after myocardial infarction also leads to cardiac remodeling that, when prolonged, leads to heart failure progression. Here, we review the molecular pathways involved in cardiac remodeling, with particular emphasis on those associated with myocardial infarction. A better understanding of cell signaling involved in cardiac remodeling may support the development of new therapeutic strategies towards the treatment of heart failure and reduction of cardiac complications. We will also discuss data derived from gene therapy approaches for modulating key mediators of cardiac remodeling.
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26
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Rodríguez-Calvo R, Chanda D, Oligschlaeger Y, Miglianico M, Coumans WA, Barroso E, Tajes M, Luiken JJ, Glatz JF, Vázquez-Carrera M, Neumann D. Small heterodimer partner (SHP) contributes to insulin resistance in cardiomyocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:541-551. [PMID: 28214558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Small heterodimer partner (SHP) is an atypical nuclear receptor expressed in heart that has been shown to inhibit the hypertrophic response. Here, we assessed the role of SHP in cardiac metabolism and inflammation. Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) displayed glucose intolerance accompanied by increased cardiac mRNA levels of Shp. In HL-1 cardiomyocytes, SHP overexpression inhibited both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and impaired the insulin signalling pathway (evidenced by reduced AKT and AS160 phosphorylation), similar to insulin resistant cells generated by high palmitate/high insulin treatment (HP/HI; 500μM/100nM). In addition, SHP overexpression increased Socs3 mRNA and reduced IRS-1 protein levels. SHP overexpression also induced Cd36 expression (~6.2 fold; p<0.001) linking to the observed intramyocellular lipid accumulation. SHP overexpressing cells further showed altered expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, i.e., Acaca, Acadvl or Ucp3, augmented NF-κB DNA-binding activity and induced transcripts of inflammatory genes, i.e., Il6 and Tnf mRNA (~4-fold induction, p<0.01). Alterations in metabolism and inflammation found in SHP overexpressing cells were associated with changes in the mRNA levels of Ppara (79% reduction, p<0.001) and Pparg (~58-fold induction, p<0.001). Finally, co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that SHP overexpression strongly reduced the physical interaction between PPARα and the p65 subunit of NF-κB, suggesting that dissociation of these two proteins is one of the mechanisms by which SHP initiates the inflammatory response in cardiac cells. Overall, our results suggest that SHP upregulation upon high-fat feeding leads to lipid accumulation, insulin resistance and inflammation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Dipanjan Chanda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Oligschlaeger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marie Miglianico
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Will A Coumans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Pediatrica-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Faculty of Pharmacy, Diagonal 643, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Tajes
- Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Dr. Aiguader 88, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joost Jfp Luiken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Fc Glatz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Pediatrica-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Faculty of Pharmacy, Diagonal 643, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands.
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27
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Wang Y, Qian Y, Fang Q, Zhong P, Li W, Wang L, Fu W, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Li X, Liang G. Saturated palmitic acid induces myocardial inflammatory injuries through direct binding to TLR4 accessory protein MD2. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13997. [PMID: 28045026 PMCID: PMC5216130 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for a number of diseases including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Excess saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in obesity play a significant role in cardiovascular diseases by activating innate immunity responses. However, the mechanisms by which SFAs activate the innate immune system are not fully known. Here we report that palmitic acid (PA), the most abundant circulating SFA, induces myocardial inflammatory injury through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) accessory protein MD2 in mouse and cell culture experimental models. Md2 knockout mice are protected against PA- and high-fat diet-induced myocardial injury. Studies of cell surface binding, cell-free protein–protein interactions and molecular docking simulations indicate that PA directly binds to MD2, supporting a mechanism by which PA activates TLR4 and downstream inflammatory responses. We conclude that PA is a crucial contributor to obesity-associated myocardial injury, which is likely regulated via its direct binding to MD2. The free fatty acid-mediated inflammatory activities are regulated through TLR4. Here the authors show that palmitic acid binds to MD2, initiating complex formation with TLR4, recruitment of MyD88, and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory molecules, and that MD2 blockade protects against diet-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qilu Fang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Weixin Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lintao Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Weitao Fu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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28
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Tan NS, Vázquez-Carrera M, Montagner A, Sng MK, Guillou H, Wahli W. Transcriptional control of physiological and pathological processes by the nuclear receptor PPARβ/δ. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 64:98-122. [PMID: 27665713 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Academia, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Agency for Science Technology & Research, 138673, Singapore; KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ming Keat Sng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Academia, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
| | - Hervé Guillou
- INRA ToxAlim, UMR1331, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Academia, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore; INRA ToxAlim, UMR1331, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse Cedex 3, France; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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29
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Balandaram G, Kramer LR, Kang BH, Murray IA, Perdew GH, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ suppresses liver tumorigenesis in hepatitis B transgenic mice. Toxicology 2016; 363-364:1-9. [PMID: 27427494 PMCID: PMC5278792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) inhibits steatosis and inflammation, known risk factors for liver cancer. In this study, the effect of ligand activation of PPARβ/δ in modulating liver tumorigenesis in transgenic hepatitis B virus (HBV) mice was examined. Activation of PPARβ/δ in HBV mice reduced steatosis, the average number of liver foci, and tumor multiplicity. Reduced expression of hepatic CYCLIN D1 and c-MYC, tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnfa) mRNA, serum levels of alanine aminotransaminase, and an increase in apoptotic signaling was also observed following ligand activation of PPARβ/δ in HBV mice compared to controls. Inhibition of Tnfa mRNA expression was not observed in wild-type hepatocytes. Ligand activation of PPARβ/δ inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA expression of Tnfa in wild-type, but not in Pparβ/δ-null Kupffer cells. Interestingly, LPS-induced expression of Tnfa mRNA was also inhibited in Kupffer cells from a transgenic mouse line that expressed a DNA binding mutant form of PPARβ/δ compared to controls. Combined, these results suggest that ligand activation of PPARβ/δ attenuates hepatic tumorigenesis in HBV transgenic mice by inhibiting steatosis and cell proliferation, enhancing hepatocyte apoptosis, and modulating anti-inflammatory activity in Kupffer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Balandaram
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lance R Kramer
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Boo-Hyon Kang
- Chemon Nonclinical Research Institute, 240 Nampyeong-ro, Yangji-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Iain A Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Vázquez-Carrera M. Unraveling the Effects of PPARβ/δ on Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:319-334. [PMID: 27005447 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance precedes dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development. Preclinical evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ activators may prevent and treat obesity-induced insulin resistance and T2DM, while clinical trials highlight their potential utility in dyslipidemia. This review summarizes recent mechanistic insights into the antidiabetic effects of PPARβ/δ activators, including their anti-inflammatory actions, their ability to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and hepatic lipogenesis, and to improve atherogenesis and insulin sensitivity, as well as their capacity to activate pathways that are also stimulated by exercise. Findings from clinical trials are also examined. Dissecting the effects of PPARβ/δ ligands on insulin sensitivity and atherogenesis may provide a basis for the development of therapies for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Pediatric Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Jung TW, Choi KM. Pharmacological Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17020192. [PMID: 26840310 PMCID: PMC4783926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the principal organelle responsible for correct protein folding, a step in protein synthesis that is critical for the functional conformation of proteins. ER stress is a primary feature of secretory cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases, such as certain neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disorders. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a defense mechanism to attenuate ER stress and maintain the homeostasis of the organism. Two major degradation systems, including the proteasome and autophagy, are involved in this defense system. If ER stress overwhelms the capacity of the cell's defense mechanisms, apoptotic death may result. This review is focused on the various pharmacological modulators that can protect cells from damage induced by ER stress. The possible mechanisms for cytoprotection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Korea.
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Korea.
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32
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Palomer X, Barroso E, Zarei M, Botteri G, Vázquez-Carrera M. PPARβ/δ and lipid metabolism in the heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1569-78. [PMID: 26825692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac lipid metabolism is the focus of attention due to its involvement in the development of cardiac disorders. Both a reduction and an increase in fatty acid utilization make the heart more prone to the development of lipotoxic cardiac dysfunction. The ligand-activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ modulates different aspects of cardiac fatty acid metabolism, and targeting this nuclear receptor can improve heart diseases caused by altered fatty acid metabolism. In addition, PPARβ/δ regulates glucose metabolism, the cardiac levels of endogenous antioxidants, mitochondrial biogenesis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the insulin signaling pathway and lipid-induced myocardial inflammatory responses. As a result, PPARβ/δ ligands can improve cardiac function and ameliorate the pathological progression of cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, cardiac oxidative damage, ischemia-reperfusion injury, lipotoxic cardiac dysfunction and lipid-induced cardiac inflammation. Most of these findings have been observed in preclinical studies and it remains to be established to what extent these intriguing observations can be translated into clinical practice. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Palomer
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaia Botteri
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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Barlaka E, Galatou E, Mellidis K, Ravingerova T, Lazou A. Role of Pleiotropic Properties of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the Heart: Focus on the Nonmetabolic Effects in Cardiac Protection. Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 34:37-48. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Barlaka
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Eleftheria Galatou
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Kyriakos Mellidis
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Tanya Ravingerova
- Institute for Heart Research; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
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34
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Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 up-regulation by PPAR-β/δ prevents lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:823-37. [PMID: 26253087 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids cause endothelial dysfunction involving increased ROS (reactive oxygen species) and reduced NO (nitric oxide) bioavailability. We show that in MAECs (mouse aortic endothelial cells), the PPARβ/δ (peroxisome- proliferator-activated receptor β/δ) agonist GW0742 prevented the decreased A23187-stimulated NO production, phosphorylation of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) at Ser1177 and increased intracellular ROS levels caused by exposure to palmitate in vitro. The impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine in mouse aorta induced by palmitate was restored by GW0742. In vivo, GW0742 treatment prevented the reduced aortic relaxation, phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177, and increased ROS production and NADPH oxidase in mice fed on a high-fat diet. The PPARβ/δ antagonist GSK0660 abolished all of these protective effects induced by GW0742. This agonist enhanced the expression of CPT (carnitine palmitoyltransferase)-1. The effects of GW0742 on acetylcholine- induced relaxation in aorta and on NO and ROS production in MAECs exposed to palmitate were abolished by the CPT-1 inhibitor etomoxir or by siRNA targeting CPT-1. GW0742 also inhibited the increase in DAG (diacylglycerol), PKCα/βII (protein kinase Cα/βII) activation, and phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr495 induced by palmitate in MAECs, which were abolished by etomoxir. In conclusion, PPARβ/δ activation restored the lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction by up-regulation of CPT-1, thus reducing DAG accumulation and the subsequent PKC-mediated ROS production and eNOS inhibition.
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Heart: Lessons from the Past and Future Directions. PPAR Res 2015; 2015:271983. [PMID: 26587015 PMCID: PMC4637490 DOI: 10.1155/2015/271983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear family of ligand activated transcriptional factors and comprise three different isoforms, PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ. The main role of PPARs is to regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Several studies have demonstrated that PPAR agonists improve dyslipidemia and glucose control in animals, supporting their potential as a promising therapeutic option to treat diabetes and dyslipidemia. However, substantial differences exist in the therapeutic or adverse effects of specific drug candidates, and clinical studies have yielded inconsistent data on their cardioprotective effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the molecular function of PPARs and the mechanisms of the PPAR regulation by posttranslational modification in the heart. We also describe the results and lessons learned from important clinical trials on PPAR agonists and discuss the potential future directions for this class of drugs.
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36
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High-fat diet induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the inhibition of autophagy. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2245-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Palomer X, Capdevila-Busquets E, Botteri G, Davidson MM, Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J, Vidal F, Barroso E, Chan TO, Feldman AM, Vázquez-Carrera M. miR-146a targets Fos expression in human cardiac cells. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1081-91. [PMID: 26112171 PMCID: PMC4582106 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.020768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-146a is a microRNA whose transcript levels are induced in the heart upon activation of NF-κB, a transcription factor induced by pro-inflammatory molecules (such as TNF-α) that is strongly related to the pathogenesis of cardiac disorders. The main goal of this study consisted of studying new roles of miR-146a in cardiac pathological processes caused by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Our results demonstrate that miR-146a transcript levels were sharply increased in cardiac ventricular tissue of transgenic mice with specific overexpression of TNF-α in the heart, and also in a cardiomyocyte cell line of human origin (AC16) exposed to TNF-α. Among all the in silico predicted miR-146a target genes, Fos mRNA and protein levels notably decreased after TNF-α treatment or miR-146a overexpression. These changes correlated with a diminution in the DNA-binding activity of AP-1, the Fos-containing transcription factor complex. Interestingly, AP-1 inhibition was accompanied by a reduction in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 mRNA levels in human cardiac cells. The specific regulation of this MMP by miR-146a was further confirmed at the secretion and enzymatic activity levels, as well as after anti-miR-mediated miR-146a inhibition. The results reported here demonstrate that Fos is a direct target of miR-146a activity and that downregulation of the Fos–AP-1 pathway by miR-146a has the capacity to inhibit MMP-9 activity. Given that MMP-9 is an AP-1 target gene involved in cardiac remodeling, myocardial dysfunction and progression of heart failure, these findings suggest that miR-146a might be a new and promising therapeutic tool for treating cardiac disorders associated with enhanced inflammation in the heart. Summary: These findings demonstrate that Fos is a direct target of miR-146a activity and that downregulation of the Fos–AP-1 pathway by miR-146a can inhibit MMP-9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, IBUB (Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona) and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Eva Capdevila-Busquets
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, IBUB (Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona) and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Gaia Botteri
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, IBUB (Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona) and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Mercy M Davidson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, P&S 11-451, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Avda. Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Avda. Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain
| | - Francisco Vidal
- Unitat de Diagnòstic i Teràpia Molecular, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, IBUB (Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona) and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Tung O Chan
- Department of Medicine, The Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N, Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, IBUB (Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona) and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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38
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Myers RB, Yoshioka J. Regulating PPARδ signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy for skeletal muscle disorders in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H967-9. [PMID: 25770240 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00169.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Myers
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Yoshioka
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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39
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Picatoste B, Ramírez E, Egido J, Tuñón J, Lorenzo Ó. Targeting metabolic disturbance in the diabetic heart. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:17. [PMID: 25856422 PMCID: PMC4328972 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as ventricular dysfunction initiated by alterations in cardiac energy substrates in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. In addition to the demonstrated burden of cardiovascular events associated with diabetes, diabetic cardiomyopathy partly explains why diabetic patients are subject to a greater risk of heart failure and a worse outcome after myocardial ischemia. The raising prevalence and accumulating costs of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients underscore the deficiencies of tertiary prevention and call for a shift in medical treatment. It is becoming increasingly clearer that the effective prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy require measures to regulate the metabolic derangement occurring in the heart rather than merely restoring suitable systemic parameters. Recent research has provided deeper insight into the metabolic etiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy and numerous heart-specific targets that may substitute or reinforce current strategies. From both experimental and translational perspectives, in this review we first discuss the progress made with conventional therapies, and then focus on the need for prospective metabolic targets that may avert myocardial vulnerability and functional decline in next-generation diabetic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Fuentes-Antrás
- />Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - Belén Picatoste
- />Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, 28040 Spain
- />Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Ramírez
- />Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, 28040 Spain
- />Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- />Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, 28040 Spain
- />Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) network, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Tuñón
- />Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - Óscar Lorenzo
- />Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, 28040 Spain
- />Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) network, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Picatoste B, Gómez-Hernández A, Egido J, Tuñón J, Lorenzo Ó. Updating experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:656795. [PMID: 25973429 PMCID: PMC4417999 DOI: 10.1155/2015/656795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy entails a serious cardiac dysfunction induced by alterations in structure and contractility of the myocardium. This pathology is initiated by changes in energy substrates and occurs in the absence of atherothrombosis, hypertension, or other cardiomyopathies. Inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, steatosis, and apoptosis in the myocardium have been studied in numerous diabetic experimental models in animals, mostly rodents. Type I and type II diabetes were induced by genetic manipulation, pancreatic toxins, and fat and sweet diets, and animals recapitulate the main features of human diabetes and related cardiomyopathy. In this review we update and discuss the main experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, analysing the associated metabolic, structural, and functional abnormalities, and including current tools for detection of these responses. Also, novel experimental models based on genetic modifications of specific related genes have been discussed. The study of specific pathways or factors responsible for cardiac failures may be useful to design new pharmacological strategies for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fuentes-Antrás
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Picatoste
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gómez-Hernández
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Egido
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Tuñón
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó. Lorenzo
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *Ó. Lorenzo:
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41
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Neels JG, Grimaldi PA. Physiological functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:795-858. [PMID: 24987006 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ, are a family of transcription factors activated by a diversity of molecules including fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites. PPARs regulate the transcription of a large variety of genes implicated in metabolism, inflammation, proliferation, and differentiation in different cell types. These transcriptional regulations involve both direct transactivation and interaction with other transcriptional regulatory pathways. The functions of PPARα and PPARγ have been extensively documented mainly because these isoforms are activated by molecules clinically used as hypolipidemic and antidiabetic compounds. The physiological functions of PPARβ remained for a while less investigated, but the finding that specific synthetic agonists exert beneficial actions in obese subjects uplifted the studies aimed to elucidate the roles of this PPAR isoform. Intensive work based on pharmacological and genetic approaches and on the use of both in vitro and in vivo models has considerably improved our knowledge on the physiological roles of PPARβ in various cell types. This review will summarize the accumulated evidence for the implication of PPARβ in the regulation of development, metabolism, and inflammation in several tissues, including skeletal muscle, heart, skin, and intestine. Some of these findings indicate that pharmacological activation of PPARβ could be envisioned as a therapeutic option for the correction of metabolic disorders and a variety of inflammatory conditions. However, other experimental data suggesting that activation of PPARβ could result in serious adverse effects, such as carcinogenesis and psoriasis, raise concerns about the clinical use of potent PPARβ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap G Neels
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Adaptive Responses to Immuno-metabolic Dysregulations," Nice, France; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Paul A Grimaldi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Adaptive Responses to Immuno-metabolic Dysregulations," Nice, France; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
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42
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Huynh K, Bernardo BC, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and new treatment strategies targeting antioxidant signaling pathways. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:375-415. [PMID: 24462787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic population. Both experimental and clinical evidence suggest that diabetic subjects are predisposed to a distinct cardiomyopathy, independent of concomitant macro- and microvascular disorders. 'Diabetic cardiomyopathy' is characterized by early impairments in diastolic function, accompanied by the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The pathophysiology underlying diabetes-induced cardiac damage is complex and multifactorial, with elevated oxidative stress as a key contributor. We now review the current evidence of molecular disturbances present in the diabetic heart, and their role in the development of diabetes-induced impairments in myocardial function and structure. Our focus incorporates both the contribution of increased reactive oxygen species production and reduced antioxidant defenses to diabetic cardiomyopathy, together with modulation of protein signaling pathways and the emerging role of protein O-GlcNAcylation and miRNA dysregulation in the progression of diabetic heart disease. Lastly, we discuss both conventional and novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic patients, from inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system, through recent evidence favoring supplementation of endogenous antioxidants for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Novel therapeutic strategies, such as gene therapy targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K(p110α) signaling pathway, and miRNA dysregulation, are also reviewed. Targeting redox stress and protective protein signaling pathways may represent a future strategy for combating the ever-increasing incidence of heart failure in the diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Huynh
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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43
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Ioan AM, Tuñón J, Egido J, Lorenzo Ó. Activation of toll-like receptors and inflammasome complexes in the diabetic cardiomyopathy-associated inflammation. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:847827. [PMID: 24744784 PMCID: PMC3972909 DOI: 10.1155/2014/847827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as a ventricular dysfunction initiated by alterations in cardiac energy substrates in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance are major inducers of the chronic low-grade inflammatory state that characterizes the diabetic heart. Cardiac Toll-like receptors and inflammasome complexes may be key inducers for inflammation probably through NF-κB activation and ROS overproduction. However, metabolic dysregulated factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and sirtuins may serve as therapeutic targets to control this response by mitigating both Toll-like receptors and inflammasome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fuentes-Antrás
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. M. Ioan
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Tuñón
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Egido
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó. Lorenzo
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *Ó. Lorenzo:
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44
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Alteration of energy substrates and ROS production in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:461967. [PMID: 24288443 PMCID: PMC3833358 DOI: 10.1155/2013/461967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is initiated by alterations in energy substrates. Despite excess of plasma glucose and lipids, the diabetic heart almost exclusively depends on fatty acid degradation. Glycolytic enzymes and transporters are impaired by fatty acid metabolism, leading to accumulation of glucose derivatives. However, fatty acid oxidation yields lower ATP production per mole of oxygen than glucose, causing mitochondrial uncoupling and decreased energy efficiency. In addition, the oxidation of fatty acids can saturate and cause their deposition in the cytosol, where they deviate to induce toxic metabolites or gene expression by nuclear-receptor interaction. Hyperglycemia, the fatty acid oxidation pathway, and the cytosolic storage of fatty acid and glucose/fatty acid derivatives are major inducers of reactive oxygen species. However, the presence of these species can be essential for physiological responses in the diabetic myocardium.
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45
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Wepler M, Hafner S, Scheuerle A, Reize M, Gröger M, Wagner F, Simon F, Matallo J, Gottschalch F, Seifritz A, Stahl B, Matejovic M, Kapoor A, Möller P, Calzia E, Georgieff M, Wachter U, Vogt JA, Thiemermann C, Radermacher P, McCook O. Effects of the PPAR-β/δ agonist GW0742 during resuscitated porcine septic shock. Intensive Care Med Exp 2013; 1:28. [PMID: 26266797 PMCID: PMC4796150 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In un-resuscitated rodent models of septic shock, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPAR-β/δ) agonist GW0742 improved visceral organ function. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether GW0742 would attenuate kidney injury during long-term, resuscitated, porcine polymicrobial septic shock. Methods Six, 12, and 18 h after the induction of fecal peritonitis by inoculation of autologous feces, anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented male pigs with pre-existing atherosclerosis resulting from familial hypercholesteremia and atherogenic diet randomly received either vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide, n = 12) or GW0742 (n = 10). Resuscitation comprised hydroxyethyl starch and norepinephrine infusion titrated to maintain mean arterial pressure at baseline values. Results Despite aggressive fluid resuscitation, fecal peritonitis was associated with arterial hypotension requiring norepinephrine infusion, ultimately resulting in progressive lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury. GW0742 did not beneficially affect any parameter of systemic and regional hemodynamics, gas exchange, metabolism, or organ function. The parameters of inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and organ injury (post-mortem analysis for histomorphology and markers of apoptosis) were not influenced either. Immunohistochemistry of pre-shock kidney biopsies from a previous study in this swine strain showed markedly lower PPAR-β/δ receptor expression than in healthy animals. Conclusions In swine with pre-existing atherosclerosis, the PPAR-β/δ agonist GW0742 failed to attenuate septic shock-induced circulatory failure and kidney dysfunction, most likely due to reduced receptor expression coinciding with cardiovascular and metabolic co-morbidity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2197-425X-1-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wepler
- Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Helmholtzstrasse 8-1, Ulm, 89081, Germany,
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46
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Palomer X, Salvadó L, Barroso E, Vázquez-Carrera M. An overview of the crosstalk between inflammatory processes and metabolic dysregulation during diabetic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3160-72. [PMID: 23932046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus are all linked to cardiovascular diseases such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Diabetic cardiomyopathy in particular, is characterized by structural and functional alterations in the heart muscle of people with diabetes that finally lead to heart failure, and which is not directly attributable to coronary artery disease or hypertension. Several mechanisms have been involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, such as alterations in myocardial energy metabolism and calcium signaling. Metabolic disturbances during diabetic cardiomyopathy are characterized by increased lipid oxidation, intramyocardial triglyceride accumulation, and reduced glucose utilization. Overall changes result in enhanced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, the progression of heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy usually entails a local rise in cytokines in cardiac cells and the activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Interestingly, increasing evidences are arising in the recent years that point to a potential link between chronic low-grade inflammation in the heart and metabolic dysregulation. Therefore, in this review we summarize recent new insights into the crosstalk between inflammatory processes and metabolic dysregulation in the failing heart during diabetes, paying special attention to the role of NF-κB and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs). In addition, we briefly describe the role of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and other pathways regulating cardiac energy metabolism, as well as their relationship with diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, IBUB (Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona), Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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47
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Lee TI, Kao YH, Chen YC, Huang JH, Hsiao FC, Chen YJ. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors modulate cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 100:330-9. [PMID: 23369225 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Chronic inflammation and derangement of myocardial energy and lipid homeostasis are common features of DM. The transcription factors of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily, which are important in regulating energy and lipid homeostasis. There are three PPAR isoforms, α, γ, and δ, and their roles have been increasingly recognized to be important in CVD. These three isoforms are expressed in the heart and play pivotal roles in myocardial lipid metabolism, as well as glucose and energy homeostasis, and contribute to extra metabolic roles with effects on inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, regulation of PPARs may have significant effects on cardiac electrical activity and arrhythmogenesis. This review describes the roles of PPARs and their agonists in DM cardiomyopathy, inflammation, and cardiac electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-I Lee
- Department of General Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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48
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Monsalve FA, Pyarasani RD, Delgado-Lopez F, Moore-Carrasco R. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:549627. [PMID: 23781121 PMCID: PMC3678499 DOI: 10.1155/2013/549627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is estimated to affect more than one in five adults, and its prevalence is growing in the adult and pediatric populations. The most widely recognized metabolic risk factors are atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and elevated plasma glucose. Individuals with these characteristics commonly manifest a prothrombotic state and a proinflammatory state as well. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) may serve as potential therapeutic targets for treating the metabolic syndrome and its related risk factors. The PPARs are transcriptional factors belonging to the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily. So far, three isoforms of PPARs have been identified, namely, PPAR- α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ. Various endogenous and exogenous ligands of PPARs have been identified. PPAR- α and PPAR- γ are mainly involved in regulating lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis, and their agonists are used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and T2DM. Whereas PPAR- β / δ function is to regulate lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, anti-inflammation, and fatty acid oxidation and its agonists are used in the treatment of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This review mainly focuses on the biological role of PPARs in gene regulation and metabolic diseases, with particular focus on the therapeutic potential of PPAR modulators in the treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A. Monsalve
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Chile
- Instituto de Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Chile
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Chile
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49
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Mandard S, Patsouris D. Nuclear control of the inflammatory response in mammals by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. PPAR Res 2013; 2013:613864. [PMID: 23577023 PMCID: PMC3614066 DOI: 10.1155/2013/613864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that play pivotal roles in the regulation of a very large number of biological processes including inflammation. Using specific examples, this paper focuses on the interplay between PPARs and innate immunity/inflammation and, when possible, compares it among species. We focus on recent discoveries establishing how inflammation and PPARs interact in the context of obesity-induced inflammation and type 2 diabetes, mostly in mouse and humans. We illustrate that PPAR γ ability to alleviate obesity-associated inflammation raises an interesting pharmacologic potential. In the light of recent findings, the protective role of PPAR α and PPAR β / δ against the hepatic inflammatory response is also addressed. While PPARs agonists are well-established agents that can treat numerous inflammatory issues in rodents and humans, surprisingly very little has been described in other species. We therefore also review the implication of PPARs in inflammatory bowel disease; acute-phase response; and central, cardiac, and endothelial inflammation and compare it along different species (mainly mouse, rat, human, and pig). In the light of the data available in the literature, there is no doubt that more studies concerning the impact of PPAR ligands in livestock should be undertaken because it may finally raise unconsidered health and sanitary benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Mandard
- Centre de Recherche INSERM-UMR866 “Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer” Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne 7, Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - David Patsouris
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRA 1235, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69921 Oullins, France
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, MB-24, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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50
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Hardwick JP, Eckman K, Lee YK, Abdelmegeed MA, Esterle A, Chilian WM, Chiang JY, Song BJ. Eicosanoids in metabolic syndrome. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2013; 66:157-266. [PMID: 23433458 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404717-4.00005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic persistent inflammation plays a significant role in disease pathology of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is a constellation of diseases that include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with many of the MetS diseases. These metabolic derangements trigger a persistent inflammatory cascade, which includes production of lipid autacoids (eicosanoids) that recruit immune cells to the site of injury and subsequent expression of cytokines and chemokines that amplify the inflammatory response. In acute inflammation, the transcellular synthesis of antiinflammatory eicosanoids resolve inflammation, while persistent activation of the autacoid-cytokine-chemokine cascade in metabolic disease leads to chronic inflammation and accompanying tissue pathology. Many drugs targeting the eicosanoid pathways have been shown to be effective in the treatment of MetS, suggesting a common linkage between inflammation, MetS and drug metabolism. The cross-talk between inflammation and MetS seems apparent because of the growing evidence linking immune cell activation and metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Thus modulation of lipid metabolism through either dietary adjustment or selective drugs may become a new paradigm in the treatment of metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the mechanisms linking eicosanoid metabolism to persistent inflammation and altered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Hardwick
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA.
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