1
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Do Q, Zhang R, Hooper G, Xu L. Differential Contributions of Distinct Free Radical Peroxidation Mechanisms to the Induction of Ferroptosis. JACS AU 2023; 3:1100-1117. [PMID: 37124288 PMCID: PMC10131203 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Lipid peroxidation can propagate through either the hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) or peroxyl radical addition (PRA) mechanism. However, the contribution of the PRA mechanism to the induction of ferroptosis has not been studied. In this study, we aim to elucidate the relationship between the reactivity and mechanisms of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis induction. We found that while some peroxidation-reactive lipids, such as 7-dehydrocholesterol, vitamins D3 and A, and coenzyme Q10, suppress ferroptosis, both nonconjugated and conjugated PUFAs enhanced cell death induced by RSL3, a ferroptosis inducer. Importantly, we found that conjugated PUFAs, including conjugated linolenic acid (CLA 18:3) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA 18:2), can induce or potentiate ferroptosis much more potently than nonconjugated PUFAs. We next sought to elucidate the mechanism underlying the different ferroptosis-inducing potency of conjugated and nonconjugated PUFAs. Lipidomics revealed that conjugated and nonconjugated PUFAs are incorporated into distinct cellular lipid species. The different peroxidation mechanisms predict the formation of higher levels of reactive electrophilic aldehydes from conjugated PUFAs than nonconjugated PUFAs, which was confirmed by aldehyde-trapping and mass spectrometry. RNA sequencing revealed that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and proteasome are among the most significantly upregulated pathways in cells treated with CLA 18:3, suggesting increased ER stress and activation of unfolded protein response. These results suggest that protein damage by lipid electrophiles is a key step in ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Do
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Rutan Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gavin Hooper
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Libin Xu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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2
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Meng X, Liu Y, Huo M, Yang S, Zhang X, Tian L, Li W, Wei J, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Wang Z, Abliz Z. Mapping of Fatty Aldehydes in the Diabetic Rat Brain Using On-Tissue Chemical Derivatization and Air-Flow-Assisted Desorption Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:36-46. [PMID: 36564034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fatty aldehydes (FALs) are involved in various biological processes, and their abnormal metabolism is related to the occurrence and development of neurological diseases. Because of their low ionization efficiency, methods for in situ detection and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) analysis of FALs remain underreported. On-tissue chemical tagging of hardly ionizable target analytes with easily ionized moieties can improve ionization efficiency and detection sensitivity in MSI experiments. In this study, an on-tissue chemical derivatization-air-flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-MSI method was developed to visualize FALs in the rat brain. The method showed high sensitivity and specificity, allowing the use of in situ high-resolution MS3 to identify FALs. The methodology was applied to investigate the region-specific distribution of FALs in the brains of control and diabetic encephalopathy (DE) rats. In DE rats, FALs were found to be significantly enriched in various brain regions, especially in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Thus, increased FAL levels and oxidative stress occurred in a region-dependent manner, which may contribute to cognitive function deficits in DE. In summary, we provide a novel method for the in situ detection of FALs in biological tissues as well as new insights into the potential pathogenesis of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyue Meng
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meiling Huo
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lu Tian
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wanfang Li
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinfeng Wei
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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3
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Wang SY, Liu H, Zhu JH, Zhou SS, Xu JD, Zhou J, Mao Q, Kong M, Li SL, Zhu H. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine capturing combined with mass defect filtering strategy to identify aliphatic aldehydes in biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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4
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Gallart-Ayala H, Teav T, Ivanisevic J. Metabolomics meets lipidomics: Assessing the small molecule component of metabolism. Bioessays 2021; 42:e2000052. [PMID: 33230910 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, including lipidomics, is emerging as a quantitative biology approach for the assessment of energy flow through metabolism and information flow through metabolic signaling; thus, providing novel insights into metabolism and its regulation, in health, healthy ageing and disease. In this forward-looking review we provide an overview on the origins of metabolomics, on its role in this postgenomic era of biochemistry and its application to investigate metabolite role and (bio)activity, from model systems to human population studies. We present the challenges inherent to this analytical science, and approaches and modes of analysis that are used to resolve, characterize and measure the infinite chemical diversity contained in the metabolome (including lipidome) of complex biological matrices. In the current outbreak of metabolic diseases such as cardiometabolic disorders, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolomics appears to be ideally situated for the investigation of disease pathophysiology from a metabolite perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Schröter A, Mahler HC, Sayed NB, Koulov AV, Huwyler J, Jahn M. 4-Hydroxynonenal - A Toxic Leachable from Clinically Used Administration Materials. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3268-3275. [PMID: 34090902 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The migration of chemicals from processing materials into biopharmaceuticals can lead to various problems. Leachables from administration materials, with no possibility of further clearance, are of particular concern. Released chemicals can be toxic or react with formulation components, thereby impacting product safety. Therapeutic proteins, which are susceptible to chemical modifications, have highest risk to be affected. AIM The aim of this study was to identify a previously unknown leachable compound from clinical administration sets, which was present above the applied generic safety threshold. METHODS Extracts of commonly used clinical administration sets were analyzed using a recently established specific assay allowing the identification and quantification of the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in a drug product surrogate solution. HNE was quantified after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and liquid extraction of the formed hydrazone by LC-MRM analysis. RESULTS Potentially genotoxic HNE was a leachable compound from all tested administration sets, in parts exceeding safety thresholds for genotoxicants. The HNE-releasing polymer was identified as PVC. CONCLUSION Clinical administration sets should be, like manufacturing materials and container closure systems, in the focus of routine leachables studies. Manufacturers of clinical administration sets should show responsibility to avoid the presence of safety concerning chemicals, like HNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Schröter
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstr. 60G, 4057 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanns-Christian Mahler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadia Ben Sayed
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstr. 60G, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Atanas V Koulov
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstr. 60G, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Jahn
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstr. 60G, 4057 Basel, Switzerland.
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6
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Pounina TA, Gloriozova TA, Savidov N, Dembitsky VM. Sulfated and Sulfur-Containing Steroids and Their Pharmacological Profile. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:240. [PMID: 33923288 PMCID: PMC8145587 DOI: 10.3390/md19050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The review focuses on sulfated steroids that have been isolated from seaweeds, marine sponges, soft corals, ascidians, starfish, and other marine invertebrates. Sulfur-containing steroids and triterpenoids are sourced from sedentary marine coelenterates, plants, marine sediments, crude oil, and other geological deposits. The review presents the pharmacological profile of sulfated steroids, sulfur-containing steroids, and triterpenoids, which is based on data obtained using the PASS program. In addition, several semi-synthetic and synthetic epithio steroids, which represent a rare group of bioactive lipids that have not yet been found in nature, but possess a high level of antitumor activity, were included in this review for the comparative pharmacological characterization of this class of compounds. About 140 steroids and triterpenoids are presented in this review, which demonstrate a wide range of biological activities. Therefore, out of 71 sulfated steroids, thirteen show strong antitumor activity with a confidence level of more than 90%, out of 50 sulfur-containing steroids, only four show strong antitumor activity with a confidence level of more than 93%, and out of eighteen epithio steroids, thirteen steroids show strong antitumor activity with a confidence level of 91% to 97.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A. Pounina
- Far Eastern Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nick Savidov
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada;
| | - Valery M. Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada;
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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7
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Gates PJ. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry for the routine analysis of low molecular weight analytes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2021; 27:13-28. [PMID: 33820464 PMCID: PMC8054169 DOI: 10.1177/14690667211005055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The routine analysis of low molecular weight analytes by mass spectrometry is often complicated by the lability of the analyte's functional groups and/or the lack of moieties that can be easily charged. If a molecule is too labile this precludes analysis by techniques such as electron ionisation or chemical ionisation as the analyte will undergo thermal decomposition prior to ionisation as well as spontaneous fragmentation during the ionisation process. If the analyte has a low propensity to form ions in electrospray ionisation (i.e., lacks acidic or basic sites) then often no analyte related ions are observed. In this paper, the robustness and versatility of the established method of atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation is demonstrated for the analysis of low molecular weight analytes. The utility of the technique is demonstrated through the analysis of 30 reference standards of varying functionality, and further by the analysis of 75 synthetic samples which were problematic when analysed by electron or electrospray ionisation. The resulting spectra are dominated by intact molecular species ([M+H]+ and M+ in positive ion mode and [M - H]- and [M + Cl]- in negative ion mode) along with logical neutral losses reminiscent of what you might expect from the analyte's structure (losses of H2O from alcohols or CO from aldehydes etc). This paper presents atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation as an essential tool for broadening the chemical space of successful analyses for any routine mass spectrometry service laboratory of facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Gates
- Paul J Gates, School of Chemistry,
University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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8
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Heaney LM, Kang S, Turner MA, Lindley MR, Thomas CLP. Evidence for alternative exhaled elimination profiles of disinfection by-products and potential markers of airway responses to swimming in a chlorinated pool environment. INDOOR AIR 2020; 30:284-293. [PMID: 31814168 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine-based disinfectants protect pool water from pathogen contamination but produce potentially harmful halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs). This study characterized the bioaccumulation and elimination of exhaled DBPs post-swimming and investigated changes in exhaled breath profiles associated with chlorinated pool exposure. Nineteen participants provided alveolar-enriched breath samples prior to and 5, 90, 300, 510, and 600 minutes post-swimming. Known DBPs associated with chlorinated water were quantitated by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two distinct exhaled DBP elimination profiles were observed. Most participants (84%) reported peak concentrations immediately post-swimming that reduced exponentially. A sub-group exhibited a previously unobserved and delayed washout profile with peak levels at 90 minutes post-exposure. Metabolomic investigations tentatively identified two candidate biomarkers associated with swimming pool exposure, demonstrating an upregulation in the hours after exposure. These data demonstrated a hitherto undescribed exhaled DBP elimination profile in a small number of participants which contrasts previous findings of uniform accumulation and exponential elimination. This sub-group which exhibited delayed peak-exhaled concentrations suggests the uptake, processing, and immediate elimination of DBPs are not ubiquitous across individuals as previously understood. Additionally, non-targeted metabolomics highlighted extended buildup of compounds tentatively associated with swimming in a chlorinated pool environment that may indicate airway responses to DBP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam M Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Shuo Kang
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Matthew A Turner
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Martin R Lindley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Charles L Paul Thomas
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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9
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4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal in food products: A review of the toxicity, occurrence, mitigation strategies and analysis methods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Diez-Simon C, Mumm R, Hall RD. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics of volatiles as a new tool for understanding aroma and flavour chemistry in processed food products. Metabolomics 2019; 15:41. [PMID: 30868334 PMCID: PMC6476848 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When foods are processed or cooked, many chemical reactions occur involving a wide range of metabolites including sugars, amino acids and lipids. These chemical processes often lead to the formation of volatile aroma compounds that can make food tastier or may introduce off-flavours. Metabolomics tools are only now being used to study the formation of these flavour compounds in order to understand better the beneficial and less beneficial aspects of food processing. AIM OF REVIEW To provide a critical overview of the diverse MS-based studies carried out in recent years in food metabolomics and to review some biochemical properties and flavour characteristics of the different groups of aroma-related metabolites. A description of volatiles from processed foods, and their relevant chemical and sensorial characteristics is provided. In addition, this review also summarizes the formation of the flavour compounds from their precursors, and the interconnections between Maillard reactions and the amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate degradation pathways. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review provides new insights into processed ingredients and describes how metabolomics will help to enable us to produce, preserve, design and distribute higher-quality foods for health promotion and better flavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Diez-Simon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roland Mumm
- Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert D Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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12
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Leopold J, Popkova Y, Engel KM, Schiller J. Visualizing phosphatidylcholine via mass spectrometry imaging: relevance to human health. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:791-800. [PMID: 30241449 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1526679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques are nowadays widely used to obtain spatially resolved metabolite information from biological tissues. Since (phospho)lipids occur in all animal tissues and are very sensitively detectable, they are often in the focus of such studies. This particularly applies for phosphatidylcholines (PC) which are very sensitively detectable as positive ions due to the permanent positive charge of their choline headgroup. Areas covered: After a short introduction of lipid species occurring in biological systems and approaches normally used to obtain spatially resolved mass spectra (with the focus on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled to time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MSI) a survey will be given which diseases have so far been characterized by changes of the PC composition. Expert commentary: Since PC species are very sensitively detectable by MS, sensitivity is not a major issue. However, spatial resolution is still limited and cellular dimensions can be hardly resolved by MALDI-TOF MSI, which is a critical point of the available approaches. Due to lacks of reproducibility and standardization further development is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Leopold
- a Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics , Leipzig University , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Yulia Popkova
- a Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics , Leipzig University , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Kathrin M Engel
- a Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics , Leipzig University , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- a Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics , Leipzig University , Leipzig , Germany
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13
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Frazão CR, Maton V, François JM, Walther T. Development of a Metabolite Sensor for High-Throughput Detection of Aldehydes in Escherichia Coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:118. [PMID: 30191150 PMCID: PMC6115493 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a fluorescence-based metabolite sensor enabling in vivo detection of various aldehydes of biotechnological interest in Escherichia coli. YqhC is a transcriptional regulator that is known to be involved in the upregulation of the yqhD-dgkA operon in the presence of aldehydes. We took advantage of this property by constructing a bi-modular biosensor, in which a sensing module constitutively expresses yqhC while a reporter module drives the expression of the syfp2 reporter gene that is put under control of the yqhD promoter. The sensitivity of the sensor has been optimized by engineering the 5′-UTRs of both the sensing and the reporter modules resulting in a 70-fold gain of fluorescence in response to the model compound glycolaldehyde at 5 mM. The optimized sensor further responded to other aldehydes when supplemented to the cultivation medium at concentrations of 1–10 mM. We furthermore showed that this metabolite sensor was functional in vivo as it responded to the presence of glycoladehyde that is specifically produced upon induction of a synthetic xylulose-1-phosphate pathway expressed in E. coli. This bi-modular sensor can therefore be employed as an exquisite tool for FACS-based ultra-high-throughput screening of aldehyde (over) producing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio R Frazão
- LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Victor Maton
- LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean M François
- LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Walther
- LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of hypoxic conditions to the chemical composition of membranes is not completely established. Plasmalogens, containing an alkenyl group with aldehydogenic ether linkage, are significant components of membrane lipids and their level can change in oxygen deficiency. METHODS Analysis of plasmalogens in red blood cells was performed in patients (n = 17) with coronary heart disease, stable angina (functional class II-III) and coronary atherosclerosis. The control group consisted of 17 healthy volunteers. In addition, isolated blood samples of seven healthy volunteers were analysed before and after 180 min incubation at 37 °C. Fatty acid ethyl esters and diethyl acetals of fatty aldehydes, obtained during sample preparation from red blood cells, were analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Quantitative assessment of the change of the plasmalogen levels was evaluated as change of the share of fatty aldehyde diethyl acetals in the total sum of fatty aldehyde diethyl acetals and fatty acid ethyl esters. RESULTS In comparison with the healthy volunteers, an increase in plasmalogen content of red blood cells and a reduction of the pH of the blood plasma in the group of patients with coronary heart disease were detected. In experimental hypoxia, there was an increase in the plasmalogen content of the red blood cells and a plasma pH decrease in all samples subjected to the incubation. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate changes in the physicochemical properties of the cell membrane in hypoxia. One of the most likely reasons of the increase of plasmalogen content in the membranes may be a more significant increase in activity of calcium-dependent phospholipases in comparison with the activity of calcium-independent plasmalogen phospholipases.
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15
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Sousa BC, Pitt AR, Spickett CM. Chemistry and analysis of HNE and other prominent carbonyl-containing lipid oxidation compounds. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:294-308. [PMID: 28192230 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The process of lipid oxidation generates a diverse array of small aldehydes and carbonyl-containing compounds, which may occur in free form or esterified within phospholipids and cholesterol esters. These aldehydes mostly result from fragmentation of fatty acyl chains following radical oxidation, and the products can be subdivided into alkanals, alkenals (usually α,β-unsaturated), γ-substituted alkenals and bis-aldehydes. Isolevuglandins are non-fragmented di-carbonyl compounds derived from H2-isoprostanes, and oxidation of the ω-3-fatty acid docosahexenoic acid yield analogous 22 carbon neuroketals. Non-radical oxidation by hypochlorous acid can generate α-chlorofatty aldehydes from plasmenyl phospholipids. Most of these compounds are reactive and have generally been considered as toxic products of a deleterious process. The reactivity is especially high for the α,β-unsaturated alkenals, such as acrolein and crotonaldehyde, and for γ-substituted alkenals, of which 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 4-oxo-2-nonenal are best known. Nevertheless, in recent years several previously neglected aldehydes have been investigated and also found to have significant reactivity and biological effects; notable examples are 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and 4-hydroxy-dodecadienal. This has led to substantial interest in the biological effects of all of these lipid oxidation products and their roles in disease, including proposals that HNE is a second messenger or signalling molecule. However, it is becoming clear that many of the effects elicited by these compounds relate to their propensity for forming adducts with nucleophilic groups on proteins, DNA and specific phospholipids. This emphasizes the need for good analytical methods, not just for free lipid oxidation products but also for the resulting adducts with biomolecules. The most informative methods are those utilizing HPLC separations and mass spectrometry, although analysis of the wide variety of possible adducts is very challenging. Nevertheless, evidence for the occurrence of lipid-derived aldehyde adducts in biological and clinical samples is building, and offers an exciting area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bebiana C Sousa
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Andrew R Pitt
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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16
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Charged tag founded in N-(1-chloroalkyl)pyridinium quaternization for quantification of fatty aldehydes. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 937:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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17
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Tie C, Hu T, Jia ZX, Zhang JL. Derivatization Strategy for the Comprehensive Characterization of Endogenous Fatty Aldehydes Using HPLC-Multiple Reaction Monitoring. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7762-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Tie
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Substance
and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking
Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Ting Hu
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Substance
and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking
Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xin Jia
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Substance
and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking
Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Substance
and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking
Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China
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18
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Suh JH, Eltanawy A, Rangan A, Saba JD. A facile stable-isotope dilution method for determination of sphingosine phosphate lyase activity. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 194:101-9. [PMID: 26408264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new technique for quantifying sphingosine phosphate lyase activity in biological samples is described. In this procedure, 2-hydrazinoquinoline is used to convert (2E)-hexadecenal into the corresponding hydrazone derivative to improve ionization efficiency and selectivity of detection. Combined utilization of liquid chromatographic separation and multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry allows for simultaneous quantification of the substrate S1P and product (2E)-hexadecenal. Incorporation of (2E)- d5-hexadecenal as an internal standard improves detection accuracy and precision. A simple one-step derivatization procedure eliminates the need for further extractions. Limits of quantification for (2E)-hexadecenal and sphingosine-1-phosphate are 100 and 50fmol, respectively. The assay displays a wide dynamic detection range useful for detection of low basal sphingosine phosphate lyase activity in wild type cells, SPL-overexpressing cell lines, and wild type mouse tissues. Compared to current methods, the capacity for simultaneous detection of sphingosine-1-phosphate and (2E)-hexadecenal greatly improves the accuracy of results and shows excellent sensitivity and specificity for sphingosine phosphate lyase activity detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung H Suh
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, United States
| | - Abeer Eltanawy
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, United States
| | - Apoorva Rangan
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, United States
| | - Julie D Saba
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, United States.
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19
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Maldini M, Natella F, Baima S, Morelli G, Scaccini C, Langridge J, Astarita G. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Predominant Alterations in Lipid Metabolism Following Light Exposure in Broccoli Sprouts. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13678-91. [PMID: 26084047 PMCID: PMC4490517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of vegetables belonging to the family Brassicaceae (e.g., broccoli and cauliflower) is linked to a reduced incidence of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The molecular composition of such plants is strongly affected by growing conditions. Here we developed an unbiased metabolomics approach to investigate the effect of light and dark exposure on the metabolome of broccoli sprouts and we applied such an approach to provide a bird’s-eye view of the overall metabolic response after light exposure. Broccoli seeds were germinated and grown hydroponically for five days in total darkness or with a light/dark photoperiod (16 h light/8 h dark cycle). We used an ultra-performance liquid-chromatography system coupled to an ion-mobility, time-of-flight mass spectrometer to profile the large array of metabolites present in the sprouts. Differences at the metabolite level between groups were analyzed using multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis and correlation analysis. Altered metabolites were identified by searching publicly available and in-house databases. Metabolite pathway analyses were used to support the identification of subtle but significant changes among groups of related metabolites that may have gone unnoticed with conventional approaches. Besides the chlorophyll pathway, light exposure activated the biosynthesis and metabolism of sterol lipids, prenol lipids, and polyunsaturated lipids, which are essential for the photosynthetic machinery. Our results also revealed that light exposure increased the levels of polyketides, including flavonoids, and oxylipins, which play essential roles in the plant’s developmental processes and defense mechanism against herbivores. This study highlights the significant contribution of light exposure to the ultimate metabolic phenotype, which might affect the cellular physiology and nutritional value of broccoli sprouts. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of an unbiased omics approach for the comprehensive study of the metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Maldini
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA), 00184 Roma, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Fausta Natella
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA), 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - Simona Baima
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA), 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Morelli
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA), 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - Cristina Scaccini
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA), 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - James Langridge
- Waters Corporation, Health Sciences, Milford, MA 01757, USA.
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Waters Corporation, Health Sciences, Milford, MA 01757, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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20
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Jouanin I, Chevolleau S, Canlet C, Lorber C, Pierre F, Guéraud F, Debrauwer L. Facile Oxime Ether Synthesis: Free Carbonyl Compound Derivatization by a Brominated O-Benzylhydroxylamine. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2015.1035791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jouanin
- INRA, UMR, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Chevolleau
- INRA, UMR, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- INRA, UMR, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Lorber
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- INRA, UMR, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- INRA, UMR, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- INRA, UMR, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
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21
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Fuchs B. Analytical methods for (oxidized) plasmalogens: Methodological aspects and applications. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:599-617. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.999675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Sun Z, Wang X, Cai Y, Fu J, You J. Development of a pair of differential H/D isotope-coded derivatization reagents d0/d3-4-(1-methyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenlamine and its application for determination of aldehydes in selected aquatic products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 120:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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A simple method to identify ether lipids in spermatozoa samples by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6675-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Murphy SA, Nicolaou A. Lipidomics applications in health, disease and nutrition research. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1336-46. [PMID: 23729171 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The structural and functional diversity of lipids accounts for their involvement into a wide range of homeostatic processes and disease states, including lifestyle-related diseases as well as genetic conditions. Challenges presented by this diversity have been addressed to a great extent by the development of lipidomics, a platform that makes possible the detailed profiling and characterisation of lipid species present in any cell, organelle, tissue or body fluid, and allows for a wider appreciation of the biological role of lipid networks. Progress in the field of lipidomics has been greatly facilitated by recent advances in MS and includes a range of analytical platforms supporting applications spanning from qualitative and quantitative assessment of multiple species to lipid imaging. Here we review these MS techniques currently in routine use in lipidomics, alongside with new ones that have started making an impact in the field. Recent applications in health, disease and nutrition-related questions will also be discussed with a view to convey the importance of lipidomics contributions to biosciences and food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Murphy
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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25
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Üllen A, Singewald E, Konya V, Fauler G, Reicher H, Nusshold C, Hammer A, Kratky D, Heinemann A, Holzer P, Malle E, Sattler W. Myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants induce blood-brain barrier dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64034. [PMID: 23691142 PMCID: PMC3653856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral leukocytes can exacerbate brain damage by release of cytotoxic mediators that disrupt blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. One of the oxidants released by activated leukocytes is hypochlorous acid (HOCl) formed via the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-Cl(-) system. In the present study we examined the role of leukocyte activation, leukocyte-derived MPO and MPO-generated oxidants on BBB function in vitro and in vivo. In a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, neutrophils that had become adherent released MPO into the cerebrovasculature. In vivo, LPS-induced BBB dysfunction was significantly lower in MPO-deficient mice as compared to wild-type littermates. Both, fMLP-activated leukocytes and the MPO-H2O2-Cl(-) system inflicted barrier dysfunction of primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) that was partially rescued with the MPO inhibitor 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide. BMVEC treatment with the MPO-H2O2-Cl(-) system or activated neutrophils resulted in the formation of plasmalogen-derived chlorinated fatty aldehydes. 2-chlorohexadecanal (2-ClHDA) severely compromised BMVEC barrier function and induced morphological alterations in tight and adherens junctions. In situ perfusion of rat brain with 2-ClHDA increased BBB permeability in vivo. 2-ClHDA potently activated the MAPK cascade at physiological concentrations. An ERK1/2 and JNK antagonist (PD098059 and SP600125, respectively) protected against 2-ClHDA-induced barrier dysfunction in vitro. The current data provide evidence that interference with the MPO pathway could protect against BBB dysfunction under (neuro)inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Üllen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Evelin Singewald
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Viktoria Konya
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Günter Fauler
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Helga Reicher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Nusshold
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Hammer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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26
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Synthesis of customized petroleum-replica fuel molecules by targeted modification of free fatty acid pools in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:7636-41. [PMID: 23610415 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215966110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofuels are the most immediate, practical solution for mitigating dependence on fossil hydrocarbons, but current biofuels (alcohols and biodiesels) require significant downstream processing and are not fully compatible with modern, mass-market internal combustion engines. Rather, the ideal biofuels are structurally and chemically identical to the fossil fuels they seek to replace (i.e., aliphatic n- and iso-alkanes and -alkenes of various chain lengths). Here we report on production of such petroleum-replica hydrocarbons in Escherichia coli. The activity of the fatty acid (FA) reductase complex from Photorhabdus luminescens was coupled with aldehyde decarbonylase from Nostoc punctiforme to use free FAs as substrates for alkane biosynthesis. This combination of genes enabled rational alterations to hydrocarbon chain length (Cn) and the production of branched alkanes through upstream genetic and exogenous manipulations of the FA pool. Genetic components for targeted manipulation of the FA pool included expression of a thioesterase from Cinnamomum camphora (camphor) to alter alkane Cn and expression of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex and β-keto acyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III from Bacillus subtilis to synthesize branched (iso-) alkanes. Rather than simply reconstituting existing metabolic routes to alkane production found in nature, these results demonstrate the ability to design and implement artificial molecular pathways for the production of renewable, industrially relevant fuel molecules.
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27
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Ivanov IP, Dimitrova MB, Tasheva DN, Cheshmedzhieva DV, Lozanov VS, Ilieva SV. Synthesis, structural analysis and application of a series of solid-state fluorochromes—aryl hydrazones of 4-hydrazino-N-hexyl-1,8-naphthalimide. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Cacas JL, Melser S, Domergue F, Joubès J, Bourdenx B, Schmitter JM, Mongrand S. Rapid nanoscale quantitative analysis of plant sphingolipid long-chain bases by GC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2745-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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