1
|
Ernst R, Renne MF, Jain A, von der Malsburg A. Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Homeostasis and the Unfolded Protein Response. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041400. [PMID: 38253414 PMCID: PMC11293554 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the key organelle for membrane biogenesis. Most lipids are synthesized in the ER, and most membrane proteins are first inserted into the ER membrane before they are transported to their target organelle. The composition and properties of the ER membrane must be carefully controlled to provide a suitable environment for the insertion and folding of membrane proteins. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a powerful signaling pathway that balances protein and lipid production in the ER. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of how aberrant compositions of the ER membrane, referred to as lipid bilayer stress, trigger the UPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ernst
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mike F Renne
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Aamna Jain
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexander von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moore WM, Brea RJ, Knittel C, Wrightsman E, Hui B, Lou J, Ancajas CF, Best MD, Devaraj NK, Budin I. Subcellular imaging of lipids and sugars using genetically encoded proximity sensors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.592120. [PMID: 38746395 PMCID: PMC11092643 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.592120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Live cell imaging of lipids and other metabolites is a long-standing challenge in cell biology. Bioorthogonal labeling tools allow for the conjugation of fluorophores to several phospholipid classes, but cannot discern their trafficking between adjacent organelles or asymmetry across individual membrane leaflets. Here we present fluorogen-activating coincidence sensing (FACES), a chemogenetic tool capable of quantitatively imaging subcellular lipid pools and reporting their transbilayer orientation in living cells. FACES combines bioorthogonal chemistry with genetically encoded fluorogen-activating proteins (FAPs) for reversible proximity sensing of conjugated molecules. We first validate this approach for quantifying discrete phosphatidylcholine pools in the ER and mitochondria that are trafficked by lipid transfer proteins. We then show that transmembrane domain-containing FAPs can be used to reveal the membrane asymmetry of multiple lipid classes that are generated in the trans-Golgi network. Lastly, we demonstrate that FACES is a generalizable tool for subcellular bioorthogonal imaging by measuring changes in mitochondrial N -acetylhexosamine levels. These results demonstrate the use of fluorogenic tags for spatially-defined molecular imaging.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kemmoku H, Takahashi K, Mukai K, Mori T, Hirosawa KM, Kiku F, Uchida Y, Kuchitsu Y, Nishioka Y, Sawa M, Kishimoto T, Tanaka K, Yokota Y, Arai H, Suzuki KGN, Taguchi T. Single-molecule localization microscopy reveals STING clustering at the trans-Golgi network through palmitoylation-dependent accumulation of cholesterol. Nat Commun 2024; 15:220. [PMID: 38212328 PMCID: PMC10784591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is critical for the type I interferon response to pathogen- or self-derived DNA in the cytosol. STING may function as a scaffold to activate TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), but direct cellular evidence remains lacking. Here we show, using single-molecule imaging of STING with enhanced time resolutions down to 5 ms, that STING becomes clustered at the trans-Golgi network (about 20 STING molecules per cluster). The clustering requires STING palmitoylation and the Golgi lipid order defined by cholesterol. Single-molecule imaging of TBK1 reveals that STING clustering enhances the association with TBK1. We thus provide quantitative proof-of-principle for the signaling STING scaffold, reveal the mechanistic role of STING palmitoylation in the STING activation, and resolve the long-standing question of the requirement of STING translocation for triggering the innate immune signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Kemmoku
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kanoko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kojiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mori
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Fumika Kiku
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Uchida
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kuchitsu
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Nishioka
- Research and Development, Carna Biosciences, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sawa
- Research and Development, Carna Biosciences, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Takuma Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasunari Yokota
- Department of EECE, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
- Division of Advanced Bioimaging, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Taguchi
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The sorting and trafficking of lipids between organelles gives rise to a dichotomy of bulk membrane properties between organelles of the secretory and endolysosome networks, giving rise to two "membrane territories" based on differences in lipid-packing density, net membrane charge, and bilayer leaflet asymmetries. The cellular organelle membrane dichotomy emerges from ER-to-PM anterograde membrane trafficking and the synthesis of sphingolipids and cholesterol flux at the trans-Golgi network, which constitutes the interface between the two membrane territories. Organelle homeostasis is maintained by vesicle-mediated retrieval of bulk membrane from the distal organelles of each territory to the endoplasmic reticulum or plasma membrane and by soluble lipid transfer proteins that traffic particular lipids. The concept of cellular membrane territories emphasizes the contrasting features of organelle membranes of the secretory and endolysosome networks and the essential roles of lipid-sorting pathways that maintain organelle function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeongho Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ageta-Ishihara N, Takemoto-Kimura S, Kondo Y, Okamura M, Bito H. Lipidation states orchestrate CLICK-III/CaMKIγ's stepwise association with Golgi and rafts-enriched membranes and specify its functional coupling to STEF-Rac1-dependent neurite extension. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1204302. [PMID: 37601281 PMCID: PMC10435254 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1204302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CLICK-III/CaMKIγ is a lipid-anchored neuronal isoform of multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, which mediates BDNF-dependent dendritogenesis in cultured cortical neurons. We found that two distinct lipidation states of CaMKIγ, namely, prenylation and palmitoylation, controlled its association with detergent-resistant microdomains in the dendrites and were essential for its dendritogenic activity. However, the impact of each lipid modification on membrane targeting/trafficking and how it specifies functional coupling leading to polarized changes in neuronal morphology are not clear. Here, we show that prenylation induces membrane anchoring of CaMKIγ, permitting access to the Golgi apparatus, and a subsequent palmitoylation facilitates association with cholesterol-enriched lipid microdomains or lipid rafts, in particular at the Golgi. To specifically test the role of palmitoylated CaMKγ in neurite extension, we identified and took advantage of a cell system, PC12, which, unlike neurons, conveniently lacked CaMKIγ and was deficient in the activity-dependent release of a neuritogenic growth factor while possessing the ability to activate polarized rafts signaling for morphogenesis. This system allowed us to rigorously demonstrate that an activity-dependent, lipid rafts-restricted Rac activation leading to neuritogenesis could be functionally rescued by dually lipidated CaMKIγ expression, revealing that not only prenylation but also palmitoylation is essential for CaMKIγ to activate a compartmentalized STEF-Rac1 pathway. These results shed light on the significance of recruiting prenylated and palmitoylated CaMKIγ into the coalescing signalosomes at lipid rafts together with Rac1 and its specific GEF and STEF and forming a compartmentalized Ca2+ signaling pathway that underlies activity-dependent neuritogenesis and morphogenesis during axodendritic polarization critical for brain development and circuitogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kondo
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gee YJ, Sea YL, Lal SK. Viral modulation of lipid rafts and their potential as putative antiviral targets. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2413. [PMID: 36504273 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are ubiquitous in cells. They are identified as cholesterol and glycosphingolipid enriched microdomains on cellular membranes. They serve as platforms for cellular communications by functioning in signal transduction and membrane trafficking. Such structural organisation fulfils cellular needs for normal function, but at the same time increases vulnerability of cells to pathogen invasion. Viruses rely heavily on lipid rafts in basically every stage of the viral life cycle for successful infection. Various mechanisms of lipid rafts modification exploited by diverse viruses for attachment, internalisation, membrane fusion, genome replication, assembly and release have been brought to light. This review focuses on virus-raft interactions and how a wide range of viruses manipulate lipid rafts at distinct stages of infection. The importance of virus-raft interactions in viral infections has inspired researchers to discover and develop antivirals that target this interaction, such as statins, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, viperin, 25-hydroxycholesterol and even anti-malarial drugs. The therapeutic modulations of lipid rafts as potential antiviral intervention from in vitro and in vivo evidence are discussed herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jing Gee
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Yi Lin Sea
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Sunil Kumar Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine & Biology Platform, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cecchi F, Rex K, Schmidt J, Vocke CD, Lee YH, Burkett S, Baker D, Damore MA, Coxon A, Burgess TL, Bottaro DP. Rilotumumab Resistance Acquired by Intracrine Hepatocyte Growth Factor Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:460. [PMID: 36672409 PMCID: PMC9857108 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a long-standing impediment to effective systemic cancer therapy and acquired drug resistance is a growing problem for molecularly-targeted therapeutics that otherwise have shown unprecedented successes in disease control. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/Met receptor pathway signaling is frequently involved in cancer and has been a subject of targeted drug development for nearly 30 years. To anticipate and study specific resistance mechanisms associated with targeting this pathway, we engineered resistance to the HGF-neutralizing antibody rilotumumab in glioblastoma cells harboring autocrine HGF/Met signaling, a frequent abnormality of this brain cancer in humans. We found that rilotumumab resistance was acquired through an unusual mechanism comprising dramatic HGF overproduction and misfolding, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-response signaling and redirected vesicular trafficking that effectively sequestered rilotumumab and misfolded HGF from native HGF and activated Met. Amplification of MET and HGF genes, with evidence of rapidly acquired intron-less, reverse-transcribed copies in DNA, was also observed. These changes enabled persistent Met pathway activation and improved cell survival under stress conditions. Point mutations in the HGF pathway or other complementary or downstream growth regulatory cascades that are frequently associated with targeted drug resistance in other prevalent cancer types were not observed. Although resistant cells were significantly more malignant, they retained sensitivity to Met kinase inhibition and acquired sensitivity to inhibition of ER stress signaling and cholesterol biosynthesis. Defining this mechanism reveals details of a rapidly acquired yet highly-orchestrated multisystem route of resistance to a selective molecularly-targeted agent and suggests strategies for early detection and effective intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Cecchi
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen Rex
- Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | | | - Cathy D. Vocke
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Young H. Lee
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandra Burkett
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Donald P. Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Żuk J, Bartuzi D, Miszta P, Kaczor AA. The Role of Lipids in Allosteric Modulation of Dopamine D 2 Receptor-In Silico Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041335. [PMID: 35209123 PMCID: PMC8874991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D2 receptor, belonging to the class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is an important drug target for several diseases, including schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease. The D2 receptor can be activated by the natural neurotransmitter dopamine or by synthetic ligands, which in both cases leads to the receptor coupling with a G protein. In addition to receptor modulation by orthosteric or allosteric ligands, it has been shown that lipids may affect the behaviour of membrane proteins. We constructed a model of a D2 receptor with a long intracellular loop (ICL3) coupled with Giα1 or Giα2 proteins, embedded in a complex asymmetric membrane, and simulated it in complex with positive, negative or neutral allosteric ligands. In this study, we focused on the influence of ligand binding and G protein coupling on the membrane–receptor interactions. We show that there is a noticeable interplay between the cell membrane, G proteins, D2 receptor and its modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Żuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland; (J.Ż.); (D.B.)
| | - Damian Bartuzi
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland; (J.Ż.); (D.B.)
| | - Przemysław Miszta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological, Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland; (J.Ż.); (D.B.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-72-73
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Körner C, Fröhlich F. Compartmentation and functions of sphingolipids. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 74:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
10
|
Reed JR, Guidry JJ, Backes WL. Proteomic and bioinformatics analysis of membrane lipid domains after Brij 98 solubilization of uninduced and phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomes: Defining the membrane localization of the P450 enzyme system. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:374-385. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
11
|
Moinpour M, Fracassi A, Brea RJ, Salvador-Castell M, Pandey S, Edwards MM, Seifert S, Joseph S, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Controlling Protein Enrichment in Lipid Sponge Phase Droplets using SNAP-tag Bioconjugation. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100624. [PMID: 34936727 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
All cells use organized lipid compartments to facilitate specific biological functions. Membrane-bound organelles create defined spatial environments that favor unique chemical reactions while isolating incompatible biological processes. Despite the fundamental role of cellular organelles, there is a scarcity of methods for preparing functional artificial lipid-based compartments. Here, we demonstrate a robust bioconjugation system for sequestering proteins into zwitterionic lipid sponge phase droplets. Incorporation of benzylguanine (BG)-modified phospholipids that form stable covalent linkages with an O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (SNAP-tag) fusion protein enables programmable control of protein capture. We show that this methodology can be used to anchor hydrophilic proteins at the lipid-aqueous interface, concentrating them within an accessible but protected chemical environment. SNAP-tag technology enables the integration of proteins that regulate complex biological functions in lipid sponge phase droplets, and should facilitate the development of advanced lipid-based artificial organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahta Moinpour
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Roberto J Brea
- University of A Coruna: Universidade da Coruna, Chemistry, SPAIN
| | | | - Sudip Pandey
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Physics, UNITED STATES
| | - Madison M Edwards
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Soenke Seifert
- Argonne National Laboratory, Xray science division, UNITED STATES
| | - Simpson Joseph
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Physics, UNITED STATES
| | - Neal Krishna Devaraj
- University of California, San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 9500 Gilman Drive, Urey Hall 4120, 92093, La Jolla, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Lipid and protein diversity provides structural and functional identity to the membrane compartments that define the eukaryotic cell. This compositional heterogeneity is maintained by the secretory pathway, which feeds newly synthesized proteins and lipids to the endomembrane systems. The precise sorting of lipids and proteins through the pathway guarantees the achievement of their correct delivery. Although proteins have been shown to be key for sorting mechanisms, whether and how lipids contribute to this process is still an open discussion. Our laboratory, in collaboration with other groups, has recently addressed the long-postulated role of membrane lipids in protein sorting in the secretory pathway, by investigating in yeast how a special class of lipid-linked cell surface proteins are differentially exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we comment on this interdisciplinary study that highlights the role of lipid diversity and the importance of protein-lipid interactions in sorting processes at the cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Muñiz
- Dept. Cell Biology, University of Seville, Seville, 41012 Spain;,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu M, Zhao H, Yang B, Yang S, Liu H, Tian H, Shui G, Chen Z, E L, Lai J, Song W. ZmCTLP1 is required for the maintenance of lipid homeostasis and the basal endosperm transfer layer in maize kernels. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2384-2399. [PMID: 34559890 PMCID: PMC9292782 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Maize kernel weight is influenced by the unloading of nutrients from the maternal placenta and their passage through the transfer tissue of the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) and the basal intermediate zone (BIZ) to the upper part of the endosperm. Here, we show that Small kernel 10 (Smk10) encodes a choline transporter-like protein 1 (ZmCTLP1) that facilitates choline uptake and is located in the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Its loss of function results in reduced choline content, leading to smaller kernels with a lower starch content. Mutation of ZmCTLP1 disrupts membrane lipid homeostasis and the normal development of wall in-growths. Expression levels of Mn1 and ZmSWEET4c, two kernel filling-related genes, are downregulated in the smk10, which is likely to be one of the major causes of incompletely differentiated transfer cells. Mutation of ZmCTLP1 also reduces the number of plasmodesmata (PD) in transfer cells, indicating that the smk10 mutant is impaired in PD formation. Intriguingly, we also observed premature cell death in the BETL and BIZ of the smk10 mutant. Together, our results suggest that ZmCTLP1-mediated choline transport affects kernel development, highlighting its important role in lipid homeostasis, wall in-growth formation and PD development in transfer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement CenterDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Haiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement CenterDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement CenterDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement CenterDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Haihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - He Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zongliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement CenterDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Lizhu E
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement CenterDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement CenterDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement CenterDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lujan P, Campelo F. Should I stay or should I go? Golgi membrane spatial organization for protein sorting and retention. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 707:108921. [PMID: 34038703 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is the membrane-bound organelle that lies at the center of the secretory pathway. Its main functions are to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis, to orchestrate protein processing and maturation, and to mediate protein sorting and export. These functions are not independent of one another, and they all require that the membranes of the Golgi complex have a well-defined biochemical composition. Importantly, a finely-regulated spatiotemporal organization of the Golgi membrane components is essential for the correct performance of the organelle. In here, we review our current mechanistic and molecular understanding of how Golgi membranes are spatially organized in the lateral and axial directions to fulfill their functions. In particular, we highlight the current evidence and proposed models of intra-Golgi transport, as well as the known mechanisms for the retention of Golgi residents and for the sorting and export of transmembrane cargo proteins. Despite the controversies, conflicting evidence, clashes between models, and technical limitations, the field has moved forward and we have gained extensive knowledge in this fascinating topic. However, there are still many important questions that remain to be completely answered. We hope that this review will help boost future investigations on these issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kusumi A, Fujiwara TK, Tsunoyama TA, Kasai RS, Liu AA, Hirosawa KM, Kinoshita M, Matsumori N, Komura N, Ando H, Suzuki KGN. Defining raft domains in the plasma membrane. Traffic 2021; 21:106-137. [PMID: 31760668 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many plasma membrane (PM) functions depend on the cholesterol concentration in the PM in strikingly nonlinear, cooperative ways: fully functional in the presence of physiological cholesterol levels (35~45 mol%), and nonfunctional below 25 mol% cholesterol; namely, still in the presence of high concentrations of cholesterol. This suggests the involvement of cholesterol-based complexes/domains formed cooperatively. In this review, by examining the results obtained by using fluorescent lipid analogs and avoiding the trap of circular logic, often found in the raft literature, we point out the fundamental similarities of liquid-ordered (Lo)-phase domains in giant unilamellar vesicles, Lo-phase-like domains formed at lower temperatures in giant PM vesicles, and detergent-resistant membranes: these domains are formed by cooperative interactions of cholesterol, saturated acyl chains, and unsaturated acyl chains, in the presence of >25 mol% cholesterol. The literature contains evidence, indicating that the domains formed by the same basic cooperative molecular interactions exist and play essential roles in signal transduction in the PM. Therefore, as a working definition, we propose that raft domains in the PM are liquid-like molecular complexes/domains formed by cooperative interactions of cholesterol with saturated acyl chains as well as unsaturated acyl chains, due to saturated acyl chains' weak multiple accommodating interactions with cholesterol and cholesterol's low miscibility with unsaturated acyl chains and TM proteins. Molecules move within raft domains and exchange with those in the bulk PM. We provide a logically established collection of fluorescent lipid probes that preferentially partition into raft and non-raft domains, as defined here, in the PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kusumi
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro K Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taka A Tsunoyama
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Rinshi S Kasai
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - An-An Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Koichiro M Hirosawa
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nagata K, Ishikawa T, Kawai-Yamada M, Takahashi T, Abe M. Ceramides mediate positional signals in Arabidopsis thaliana protoderm differentiation. Development 2021; 148:148/2/dev194969. [PMID: 33495212 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of distinct cell types in appropriate patterns is a fundamental process in the development of multicellular organisms. In Arabidopsis thaliana, protoderm/epidermis differentiates as a single cell layer at the outermost position. However, little is known about the molecular nature of the positional signals that achieve correct epidermal cell differentiation. Here, we propose that very-long-chain fatty acid-containing ceramides (VLCFA-Cers) mediate positional signals by stimulating the function of ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MERISTEM LAYER1 (ATML1), a master regulator of protoderm/epidermis differentiation, during lateral root development. We show that VLCFA-Cers, which are synthesized predominantly in the outermost cells, bind to the lipid-binding domain of ATML1. Importantly, this cell type-specific protein-lipid association alters the activity of ATML1 protein and consequently restricts its expression to the protoderm/epidermis through a transcriptional feedback loop. Furthermore, establishment of a compartment, enriched with VLCFA-containing sphingolipids, at the outer lateral membrane facing the external environment may function as a determinant of protodermal cell fate. Taken together, our results indicate that VLCFA-Cers play a pivotal role in directing protoderm/epidermis differentiation by mediating positional signals to ATML1.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nagata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Taku Takahashi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mitsutomo Abe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan .,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rodriguez-Gallardo S, Kurokawa K, Sabido-Bozo S, Cortes-Gomez A, Ikeda A, Zoni V, Aguilera-Romero A, Perez-Linero AM, Lopez S, Waga M, Araki M, Nakano M, Riezman H, Funato K, Vanni S, Nakano A, Muñiz M. Ceramide chain length-dependent protein sorting into selective endoplasmic reticulum exit sites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/50/eaba8237. [PMID: 33310842 PMCID: PMC7732199 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba8237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein sorting in the secretory pathway is crucial to maintain cellular compartmentalization and homeostasis. In addition to coat-mediated sorting, the role of lipids in driving protein sorting during secretory transport is a longstanding fundamental question that still remains unanswered. Here, we conduct 3D simultaneous multicolor high-resolution live imaging to demonstrate in vivo that newly synthesized glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins having a very long chain ceramide lipid moiety are clustered and sorted into specialized endoplasmic reticulum exit sites that are distinct from those used by transmembrane proteins. Furthermore, we show that the chain length of ceramide in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is critical for this sorting selectivity. Our study provides the first direct in vivo evidence for lipid chain length-based protein cargo sorting into selective export sites of the secretory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Rodriguez-Gallardo
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Susana Sabido-Bozo
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cortes-Gomez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Atsuko Ikeda
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Valeria Zoni
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Auxiliadora Aguilera-Romero
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Perez-Linero
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio Lopez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Miho Waga
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Misako Araki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Howard Riezman
- NCCR Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kouichi Funato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Stefano Vanni
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manuel Muñiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang HY, Bharti D, Levental I. Membrane Heterogeneity Beyond the Plasma Membrane. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580814. [PMID: 33330457 PMCID: PMC7710808 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and organization of cellular membranes have received intense interest, particularly in investigations of the raft hypothesis. The vast majority of these investigations have focused on the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, yielding significant progress in understanding membrane heterogeneity in terms of lipid composition, molecular structure, dynamic regulation, and functional relevance. In contrast, investigations on lipid organization in other membrane systems have been comparatively scarce, despite the likely relevance of membrane domains in these contexts. In this review, we summarize recent observations on lipid organization in organellar membranes, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, endo-lysosomes, lipid droplets, and secreted membranes like lung surfactant, milk fat globule membranes, and viral membranes. Across these non-plasma membrane systems, it seems that the biophysical principles underlying lipid self-organization contribute to lateral domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yin Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Deepti Bharti
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gutierrez-Armijos R, Sussmann RAC, Silber AM, Cortez M, Hernandez A. Abnormal sterol-induced cell wall glucan deficiency in yeast is due to impaired glucan synthase transport to the plasma membrane. Biochem J 2020; 477:BCJ20200663. [PMID: 33094814 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal sterols disrupt cellular functions through yet unclear mechanisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, accumulation of Δ8-sterols, the same type of sterols observed in patients of Conradi-Hünermann-Happle syndrome or in fungi after amine fungicide treatment, leads to cell wall weakness. We have studied the influence of Δ8-sterols on the activity of glucan synthase I, the protein synthetizing the main polymer in fungal cell walls, its regulation by the Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathway, and its transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. We ascertained that the catalytic characteristics were mostly unaffected by the presence of abnormal sterols but the enzyme was partially retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to glucan deficit at the cell wall. Furthermore, we observed that glucan synthase I traveled through an unconventional exocytic route to the plasma membrane that is associated with low density intracellular membranes. Also, we found out that the CWI pathway remained inactive despite low glucan levels at the cell wall. Taken together, these data suggest that Δ8-sterols affect cell walls by inhibiting unconventional secretion of proteins leading to retention and degradation of glucan synthase I, while the compensatory CWI pathway is unable to activate. These results could be instrumental to understand defects of bone development in cholesterol biosynthesis disorders and fungicide mechanisms of action.
Collapse
|
20
|
Vidal M. Exosomes and GPI-anchored proteins: Judicious pairs for investigating biomarkers from body fluids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:110-123. [PMID: 32828789 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are 50-100 nm membranous vesicles actively released by cells which can be indicative of a diseased cell status. They contain various kinds of molecule - proteins, mRNA, miRNA, lipids - that are actively being studied as potential biomarkers. Hereafter I put forward several arguments in favor of the potential use of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) as biomarkers especially of cancerous diseases. I will briefly update readers on the exosome field and review various features of GPI-APs, before further discussing the advantages of this class of proteins as potential exosomal biomarkers. I will finish with a few examples of exosomal GPI-APs that have already been demonstrated to be good prognostic markers, as well as innovative approaches developed to quantify these exosomal biomarkers.
Collapse
|
21
|
Löwe M, Kalacheva M, Boersma AJ, Kedrov A. The more the merrier: effects of macromolecular crowding on the structure and dynamics of biological membranes. FEBS J 2020; 287:5039-5067. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Löwe
- Synthetic Membrane Systems Institute of Biochemistry Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | | | - Alexej Kedrov
- Synthetic Membrane Systems Institute of Biochemistry Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ouweneel AB, Thomas MJ, Sorci-Thomas MG. The ins and outs of lipid rafts: functions in intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, microparticles, and cell membranes: Thematic Review Series: Biology of Lipid Rafts. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:676-686. [PMID: 33715815 PMCID: PMC7193959 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr119000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular membranes are not homogenous mixtures of proteins; rather, they are segregated into microdomains on the basis of preferential association between specific lipids and proteins. These microdomains, called lipid rafts, are well known for their role in receptor signaling on the plasma membrane (PM) and are essential to such cellular functions as signal transduction and spatial organization of the PM. A number of disease states, including atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disorders, may be caused by dysfunctional maintenance of lipid rafts. Lipid rafts do not occur only in the PM but also have been found in intracellular membranes and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we focus on discussing newly discovered functions of lipid rafts and microdomains in intracellular membranes, including lipid and protein trafficking from the ER, Golgi bodies, and endosomes to the PM, and we examine lipid raft involvement in the production and composition of EVs. Because lipid rafts are small and transient, visualization remains challenging. Future work with advanced techniques will continue to expand our knowledge about the roles of lipid rafts in cellular functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber B Ouweneel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Cardiovascular Center,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Michael J Thomas
- Cardiovascular Center,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Cardiovascular Center,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226. mailto:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carmon O, Laguerre F, Riachy L, Delestre-Delacour C, Wang Q, Tanguy E, Jeandel L, Cartier D, Thahouly T, Haeberlé AM, Fouillen L, Rezazgui O, Schapman D, Haefelé A, Goumon Y, Galas L, Renard PY, Alexandre S, Vitale N, Anouar Y, Montero-Hadjadje M. Chromogranin A preferential interaction with Golgi phosphatidic acid induces membrane deformation and contributes to secretory granule biogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:6769-6790. [PMID: 32227388 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000074r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a key luminal actor of secretory granule biogenesis at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) level but the molecular mechanisms involved remain obscure. Here, we investigated the possibility that CgA acts synergistically with specific membrane lipids to trigger secretory granule formation. We show that CgA preferentially interacts with the anionic glycerophospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA). In accordance, bioinformatic analysis predicted a PA-binding domain (PABD) in CgA sequence that effectively bound PA (36:1) or PA (40:6) in membrane models. We identified PA (36:1) and PA (40:6) as predominant species in Golgi and granule membranes of secretory cells, and we found that CgA interaction with these PA species promotes artificial membrane deformation and remodeling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that disruption of either CgA PABD or phospholipase D (PLD) activity significantly alters secretory granule formation in secretory cells. Our findings show for the first time the ability of CgA to interact with PLD-generated PA, which allows membrane remodeling and curvature, key processes necessary to initiate secretory granule budding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Carmon
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Fanny Laguerre
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Lina Riachy
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Charlène Delestre-Delacour
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Qili Wang
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emeline Tanguy
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lydie Jeandel
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Dorthe Cartier
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Tamou Thahouly
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Marie Haeberlé
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, CNRS, Plateforme Métabolome, Université de Bordeaux, UMR-5200, Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | - Olivier Rezazgui
- INSA Rouen, CNRS, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Rouen, France
| | - Damien Schapman
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Haefelé
- INSA Rouen, CNRS, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Rouen, France
| | - Yannick Goumon
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- INSA Rouen, CNRS, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Alexandre
- Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces Laboratory, CNRS, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UMR 6270, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Maité Montero-Hadjadje
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Levental I, Levental KR, Heberle FA. Lipid Rafts: Controversies Resolved, Mysteries Remain. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:341-353. [PMID: 32302547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The lipid raft hypothesis postulates that lipid-lipid interactions can laterally organize biological membranes into domains of distinct structures, compositions, and functions. This proposal has in equal measure exhilarated and frustrated membrane research for decades. While the physicochemical principles underlying lipid-driven domains has been explored and is well understood, the existence and relevance of such domains in cells remains elusive, despite decades of research. Here, we review the conceptual underpinnings of the raft hypothesis and critically discuss the supporting and contradicting evidence in cells, focusing on why controversies about the composition, properties, and even the very existence of lipid rafts remain unresolved. Finally, we highlight several recent breakthroughs that may resolve existing controversies and suggest general approaches for moving beyond questions of the existence of rafts and towards understanding their physiological significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 70030, USA.
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 70030, USA
| | - Frederick A Heberle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Shull Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 33830, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sundberg EL, Deng Y, Burd CG. Syndecan-1 Mediates Sorting of Soluble Lipoprotein Lipase with Sphingomyelin-Rich Membrane in the Golgi Apparatus. Dev Cell 2019; 51:387-398.e4. [PMID: 31543446 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the secretory pathway, budding of vesicular transport carriers from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) must coordinate specification of lipid composition with selection of secreted proteins. We elucidate a mechanism of soluble protein cargo sorting into secretory vesicles with a sphingomyelin-rich membrane; the integral membrane proteoglycan Syndecan-1 (SDC1) acts as a sorting receptor, capturing the soluble enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) during export from the TGN. Sorting of LPL requires bivalent interactions between LPL and SDC1-linked heparan sulfate chains and between LPL and the Golgi membrane. Physical features of the SDC1 transmembrane domain, rather than a specific sequence, confer targeting of SDC1 and bound LPL into the sphingomyelin secretion pathway. This study establishes that physicochemical properties of a protein transmembrane domain that drive lateral heterogeneity of the plasma membrane also operate at the TGN to confer sorting of an integral membrane protein and its ligand within the biosynthetic secretory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Sundberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Proteomic Analysis of Lipid Rafts from RBL-2H3 Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163904. [PMID: 31405203 PMCID: PMC6720779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are highly ordered membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and certain proteins. They are involved in the regulation of cellular processes in diverse cell types, including mast cells (MCs). The MC lipid raft protein composition was assessed using qualitative mass spectrometric characterization of the proteome from detergent-resistant membrane fractions from RBL-2H3 MCs. Using two different post-isolation treatment methods, a total of 949 lipid raft associated proteins were identified. The majority of these MC lipid raft proteins had already been described in the RaftProtV2 database and are among highest cited/experimentally validated lipid raft proteins. Additionally, more than half of the identified proteins had lipid modifications and/or transmembrane domains. Classification of identified proteins into functional categories showed that the proteins were associated with cellular membrane compartments, and with some biological and molecular functions, such as regulation, localization, binding, catalytic activity, and response to stimulus. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated an intimate involvement of identified proteins with various aspects of MC biological processes, especially those related to regulated secretion, organization/stabilization of macromolecules complexes, and signal transduction. This study represents the first comprehensive proteomic profile of MC lipid rafts and provides additional information to elucidate immunoregulatory functions coordinated by raft proteins in MCs.
Collapse
|
27
|
von Blume J, Hausser A. Lipid-dependent coupling of secretory cargo sorting and trafficking at the trans-Golgi network. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2412-2427. [PMID: 31344259 PMCID: PMC8048779 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) serves as a platform for secretory cargo sorting and trafficking. In recent years, it has become evident that a complex network of lipid–lipid and lipid–protein interactions contributes to these key functions. This review addresses the role of lipids at the TGN with a particular emphasis on sphingolipids and diacylglycerol. We further highlight how these lipids couple secretory cargo sorting and trafficking for spatiotemporal coordination of protein transport to the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Skotland T, Sandvig K. The role of PS 18:0/18:1 in membrane function. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2752. [PMID: 31227693 PMCID: PMC6588574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have demonstrated that the two leaflets of cellular membranes interact, potentially through so-called interdigitation between the fatty acyl groups. While the molecular mechanism underlying interleaflet coupling remains to be fully understood, recent results suggest interactions between the very-long-chain sphingolipids in the outer leaflet, and phosphatidylserine PS18:0/18:1 in the inner leaflet, and an important role for cholesterol for these interactions. Here we review the evidence that cross-linking of sphingolipids may result in clustering of phosphatidylserine and transfer of signals to the cytosol. Although much remains to be uncovered, the molecular properties and abundance of PS 18:0/18:1 suggest a unique role for this lipid. There are several lines of evidence for interactions between the two membrane leaflets in cells. In this review the authors discuss the transmembrane coupling of lipids, the involvement of phosphatidyl serine species PS 18:0/18:1, and their importance for various cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Skotland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausséen 70, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausséen 70, 0379, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Funato K, Riezman H, Muñiz M. Vesicular and non-vesicular lipid export from the ER to the secretory pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158453. [PMID: 31054928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is the site of synthesis of most glycerophospholipids, neutral lipids and the initial steps of sphingolipid biosynthesis of the secretory pathway. After synthesis, these lipids are distributed within the cells to create and maintain the specific compositions of the other secretory organelles. This represents a formidable challenge, particularly while there is a simultaneous and quantitatively important flux of membrane components stemming from the vesicular traffic of proteins through the pathway, which can also vary depending on the cell type and status. To meet this challenge cells have developed an intricate system of interorganellar contacts and lipid transport proteins, functioning in non-vesicular lipid transport, which are able to ensure membrane lipid homeostasis even in the absence of membrane trafficking. Nevertheless, under normal conditions, lipids are transported in cells by both vesicular and non-vesicular mechanisms. In this review we will discuss the mechanism and roles of vesicular and non-vesicular transport of lipids from the ER to other organelles of the secretory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Funato
- Department of Bioresource Science and Technology, Hiroshima University, Japan.
| | - Howard Riezman
- NCCR Chemical Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Muñiz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pakdel M, von Blume J. Exploring new routes for secretory protein export from the trans-Golgi network. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 29:235-240. [PMID: 29382805 PMCID: PMC5996961 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-02-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting of soluble proteins for transport to intracellular compartments and for secretion from cells is essential for cell and tissue homeostasis. The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a major sorting station that sorts secretory proteins into specific carriers to transport them to their final destinations. The sorting of lysosomal hydrolases at the TGN by the mannose 6-phosphate receptor is well understood. The recent discovery of a Ca2+-based sorting of secretory cargo at the TGN is beginning to uncover the mechanism by which cells sort secretory cargoes from Golgi residents and cargoes destined to the other cellular compartments. This Ca2+-based sorting involves the cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton, which through membrane anchored Ca2+ ATPase SPCA1 and the luminal Ca2+ binding protein Cab45 sorts of a subset of secretory proteins at the TGN. We present this discovery and highlight important challenges that remain unaddressed in the overall pathway of cargo sorting at the TGN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrshad Pakdel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julia von Blume
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sphingolipid-dependent Dscam sorting regulates axon segregation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:813. [PMID: 30778062 PMCID: PMC6379420 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with distinct protein compositions in axonal and dendritic compartments. Cellular mechanisms controlling polarized protein sorting have been described for mature nervous system but little is known about the segregation in newly differentiated neurons. In a forward genetic screen for regulators of Drosophila brain circuit development, we identified mutations in SPT, an evolutionary conserved enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis. Here we show that reduced levels of sphingolipids in SPT mutants cause axonal morphology defects similar to loss of cell recognition molecule Dscam. Loss- and gain-of-function studies show that neuronal sphingolipids are critical to prevent aggregation of axonal and dendritic Dscam isoforms, thereby ensuring precise Dscam localization to support axon branch segregation. Furthermore, SPT mutations causing neurodegenerative HSAN-I disorder in humans also result in formation of stable Dscam aggregates and axonal branch phenotypes in Drosophila neurons, indicating a causal link between developmental protein sorting defects and neuronal dysfunction. Little is known about the initial segregation of axonal and dendritic proteins during the differentiation of newly generated neurons. Here authors use a forward genetic screen to identify the role of sphingolipids in regulating the sub-cellular distribution of Dscam for neuronal patterning in Drosophila Mushroom Bodies
Collapse
|
32
|
Molugu TR, Brown MF. Cholesterol Effects on the Physical Properties of Lipid Membranes Viewed by Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1115:99-133. [PMID: 30649757 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04278-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we review the physical properties of lipid/cholesterol mixtures involving studies of model membranes using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The approach allows one to quantify the average membrane structure, fluctuations, and elastic deformation upon cholesterol interaction. Emphasis is placed on understanding the membrane structural deformation and emergent fluctuations at an atomistic level. Lineshape measurements using solid-state NMR spectroscopy give equilibrium structural properties, while relaxation time measurements study the molecular dynamics over a wide timescale range. The equilibrium properties of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and their binary and tertiary mixtures with cholesterol are accessible. Nonideal mixing of cholesterol with other lipids explains the occurrence of liquid-ordered domains. The entropic loss upon addition of cholesterol to sphingolipids is less than for glycerophospholipids, and may drive formation of lipid rafts. The functional dependence of 2H NMR spin-lattice relaxation (R 1Z) rates on segmental order parameters (S CD) for lipid membranes is indicative of emergent viscoelastic properties. Addition of cholesterol shows stiffening of the bilayer relative to the pure lipids and this effect is diminished for lanosterol. Opposite influences of cholesterol and detergents on collective dynamics and elasticity at an atomistic scale can potentially affect lipid raft formation in cellular membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trivikram R Molugu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael F Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mohamed A, Robinson H, Erramouspe PJ, Hill MM. Advances and challenges in understanding the role of the lipid raft proteome in human health. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:1053-1063. [PMID: 30403891 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1544895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phase separation as a biophysical principle drives the formation of liquid-ordered 'lipid raft' membrane microdomains in cellular membranes, including organelles. Given the critical role of cellular membranes in both compartmentalization and signaling, clarifying the roles of membrane microdomains and their mutual regulation of/by membrane proteins is important in understanding the fundamentals of biology, and has implications for health. Areas covered: This article will consider the evidence for lateral membrane phase separation in model membranes and organellar membranes, critically evaluate the current methods for lipid raft proteomics and discuss the biomedical implications of lipid rafts. Expert commentary: Lipid raft homeostasis is perturbed in numerous chronic conditions; hence, understanding the precise roles and regulation of the lipid raft proteome is important for health and medicine. The current technical challenges in performing lipid raft proteomics can be overcome through well-controlled experimental design and careful interpretation. Together with technical developments in mass spectrometry and microscopy, our understanding of lipid raft biology and function will improve through recognition of the similarity between organelle and plasma membrane lipid rafts and considered integration of published lipid raft proteomics data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed
- a Precision & Systems Biomedicine Laboratory , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Harley Robinson
- a Precision & Systems Biomedicine Laboratory , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia.,b Faculty of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Pablo Joaquin Erramouspe
- c Department of Emergency Medicine , University of California, Davis Medical Center , Sacramento , CA , USA
| | - Michelle M Hill
- a Precision & Systems Biomedicine Laboratory , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia.,d The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine , Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yasuda T, Slotte JP, Murata M. Nanosized Phase Segregation of Sphingomyelin and Dihydrosphigomyelin in Unsaturated Phosphatidylcholine Binary Membranes without Cholesterol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13426-13437. [PMID: 30350701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we applied fluorescence spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and 2H NMR to elucidate the properties of nanoscopic segregated domains in stearoylsphingomyelin (SSM)/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and dihydrostearoylsphingomyelin (dhSSM)/DOPC binary membranes. The results obtained from fluorescence measurements suggest the existence of gel-like domains with high fluidity in both SSM and dhSSM macroscopic gel phases. The DSC thermograms showed that DOPC destabilizes SM-rich gel-like domains to a much lesser extent compared to the same amount of cholesterol. It was also found that a stable lateral segregation occurs without cholesterol, indicating that SSM itself undergoes homophilic interactions to form small gel-like domains. 2H NMR experiments disclosed differences in the temperature-dependent ordering of SSM/DOPC and dhSSM/DOPC bilayers; the dhSSM membrane showed less miscibility with the DOPC fluid phase, higher thermal stability, and tighter packing. In addition, the NMR results suggest the formation of mid-sized gel-like aggregates consisting of dhSSM. These differences could be accounted for by homophilic interactions, as previously reported ( Yasuda Biophys. J. 2016 , 110 , 431 - 440 ). In the absence of cholesterol, the moderately strong sphingomyelin (SM)/SM affinity results in the formation of small gel-like domains, whereas a stronger dhSSM/dhSSM affinity leads to larger gel-like domains. Considering the similar physicochemical features of SSM and dhSSM, the present results suggest that the formation of nanosized domains of SM is better characterized by homophilic interactions than by SM-cholesterol interplay. These effects are considered important to the ordered domain formation of SMs in biological membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6A , Turku FIN-20520 , Finland
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Åbo Akademi University , Tykistökatu 6A , Turku FIN-20520 , Finland
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bieberich E. Sphingolipids and lipid rafts: Novel concepts and methods of analysis. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 216:114-131. [PMID: 30194926 PMCID: PMC6196108 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
About twenty years ago, the functional lipid raft model of the plasma membrane was published. It took into account decades of research showing that cellular membranes are not just homogenous mixtures of lipids and proteins. Lateral anisotropy leads to assembly of membrane domains with specific lipid and protein composition regulating vesicular traffic, cell polarity, and cell signaling pathways in a plethora of biological processes. However, what appeared to be a clearly defined entity of clustered raft lipids and proteins became increasingly fluid over the years, and many of the fundamental questions about biogenesis and structure of lipid rafts remained unanswered. Experimental obstacles in visualizing lipids and their interactions hampered progress in understanding just how big rafts are, where and when they are formed, and with which proteins raft lipids interact. In recent years, we have begun to answer some of these questions and sphingolipids may take center stage in re-defining the meaning and functional significance of lipid rafts. In addition to the archetypical cholesterol-sphingomyelin raft with liquid ordered (Lo) phase and the liquid-disordered (Ld) non-raft regions of cellular membranes, a third type of microdomains termed ceramide-rich platforms (CRPs) with gel-like structure has been identified. CRPs are "ceramide rafts" that may offer some fresh view on the membrane mesostructure and answer several critical questions for our understanding of lipid rafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hattori T, Itagaki T, Uji H, Kimura S. Temperature-Induced Phase Separation in Molecular Assembly of Nanotubes Comprising Amphiphilic Polypeptoid with Poly(N-ethyl glycine) in Water by a Hydrophilic-Region-Driven-Type Mechanism. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7178-7184. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hattori
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Toru Itagaki
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Uji
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tanaka S, Tani M. Mannosylinositol phosphorylceramides and ergosterol coodinately maintain cell wall integrity in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS J 2018; 285:2405-2427. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Motohiro Tani
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sobajima T, Yoshimura SI, Maeda T, Miyata H, Miyoshi E, Harada A. The Rab11-binding protein RELCH/KIAA1468 controls intracellular cholesterol distribution. J Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29514919 PMCID: PMC5940305 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201709123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sobajima et al. identify the novel protein RELCH/KIAA1468 as a Rab11-binding protein and show that RELCH/KIAA1468 and Rab11 regulate OSBP-dependent nonvesicular cholesterol transport from recycling endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Cholesterol, which is endocytosed to the late endosome (LE)/lysosome, is delivered to other organelles through vesicular and nonvesicular transport mechanisms. In this study, we discuss a novel mechanism of cholesterol transport from recycling endosomes (REs) to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) through RELCH/KIAA1468, which is newly identified in this study as a Rab11-GTP– and OSBP-binding protein. After treating cells with 25-hydroxycholesterol to induce OSBP relocation from the cytoplasm to the TGN, REs accumulated around the TGN area, but this accumulation was diminished in RELCH- or OSBP-depleted cells. Cholesterol content in the TGN was decreased in Rab11-, RELCH-, and OSBP-depleted cells and increased in the LE/lysosome. According to in vitro reconstitution experiments, RELCH tethers Rab11-bound RE-like and OSBP-bound TGN-like liposomes and promotes OSBP-dependent cholesterol transfer from RE-like to TGN-like liposomes. These data suggest that RELCH promotes nonvesicular cholesterol transport from REs to the TGN through membrane tethering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Sobajima
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Yoshimura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Maeda
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Miyata
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Harada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Coleman DT, Gray AL, Kridel SJ, Cardelli JA. Palmitoylation regulates the intracellular trafficking and stability of c-Met. Oncotarget 2018; 7:32664-77. [PMID: 27081699 PMCID: PMC5078042 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose activity can promote both mitogenic and motogenic phenotypes involved in tissue development and cancer progression. Herein, we report the first evidence that c-Met is palmitoylated and that palmitoylation facilitates its trafficking and stability. Inhibition of palmitoylation reduced the expression of c-Met in multiple cancer cell lines post-transcriptionally. Using surface biotinylation, confocal microscopy, and metabolic labeling we determined that inhibition of palmitoylation reduces the stability of newly synthesized c-Met and causes accumulation at the Golgi. Acyl-biotin exchange and click chemistry-based palmitate labeling indicated the c-Met β-chain is palmitoylated, and site-directed mutagenesis revealed two likely cysteine palmitoylation sites. Moreover, by monitoring palmitoylation kinetics during the biosynthesis and trafficking of c-Met, we revealed that stable palmitoylation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum prior to cleavage of the 170 kDa c-Met precursor to the mature 140 kDa form. Our data suggest palmitoylation is required for egress from the Golgi for transport to the plasma membrane. These findings introduce palmitoylation as a critical modification of c-Met, providing a novel therapeutic target for c-Met-driven cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T Coleman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Alana L Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Steven J Kridel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 25157, USA
| | - James A Cardelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang Y, Yang L, Tang Y, Tang R, Jing Y, Zhang C, Zhang B, Li X, Cui Y, Zhang C, Shi J, Zhao F, Lan W, Luan S. Arabidopsis choline transporter-like 1 (CTL1) regulates secretory trafficking of auxin transporters to control seedling growth. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2004310. [PMID: 29283991 PMCID: PMC5746207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin controls a myriad of plant developmental processes and plant response to environmental conditions. Precise trafficking of auxin transporters is essential for auxin homeostasis in plants. Here, we report characterization of Arabidopsis CTL1, which controls seedling growth and apical hook development by regulating intracellular trafficking of PIN-type auxin transporters. The CTL1 gene encodes a choline transporter-like protein with an expression pattern highly correlated with auxin distribution and is enriched in shoot and root apical meristems, lateral root primordia, the vascular system, and the concave side of the apical hook. The choline transporter-like 1 (CTL1) protein is localized to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), prevacuolar compartment (PVC), and plasma membrane (PM). Disruption of CTL1 gene expression alters the trafficking of 2 auxin efflux transporters—Arabidopsis PM-located auxin efflux transporter PIN-formed 1 (PIN1) and Arabidopsis PM-located auxin efflux transporter PIN-formed 3 (PIN3)—to the PM, thereby affecting auxin distribution and plant growth and development. We further found that phospholipids, sphingolipids, and other membrane lipids were significantly altered in the ctl1 mutant, linking CTL1 function to lipid homeostasis. We propose that CTL1 regulates protein sorting from the TGN to the PM through its function in lipid homeostasis. Auxin, a plant hormone, controls many aspects of plant growth and development. The precise transport and distribution of auxin hold the key to its function. A number of transport proteins are known to be involved in auxin translocation, and the PIN proteins, which are an integral part of membranes in plants, play a pivotal role in this process. Several PIN proteins are localized in the plasma membrane to mediate auxin efflux from cells, but their regulation is not well known. In this report, we analyze the role of a choline transport protein, choline transporter-like 1 (CTL1), and find that it controls the trafficking of Arabidopsis PM-located auxin efflux transporter PIN-formed 1 (PIN1) and Arabidopsis PM-located auxin efflux transporter PIN-formed 3 (PIN3) to the plasma membrane, thereby regulating auxin distribution during plant growth and development. In addition, we show that CTL1 has a role in lipid homeostasis in the membrane; thus, these findings provide a mechanistic link between choline transport, lipid homeostasis, and vesicle trafficking in plants. We conclude that CTL1 is a new factor in secretory protein sorting and that this finding contributes to the understanding of not only auxin distribution in plants but also protein trafficking in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumei Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renjie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Yanping Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaning Cui
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jisen Shi
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (SL)
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WL); (SL)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tan S, Zhang P, Xiao W, Feng B, Chen LY, Li S, Li P, Zhao WZ, Qi XT, Yin LP. TMD1 domain and CRAC motif determine the association and disassociation of MxIRT1 with detergent-resistant membranes. Traffic 2017; 19:122-137. [PMID: 29112302 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron is essential for most living organisms. The iron-regulated transporter1 (IRT1) plays a major role in iron uptake in roots, and its trafficking from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to plasma membrane (PM) is tightly coordinated with changes in iron environment. However, studies on the IRT1 response are limited. Here, we report that Malus xiaojinesis IRT1 (MxIRT1) associates with detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs, a biochemical counterpart of PM microdomains), whereas the PM microdomains are known platforms for signal transduction in the PM. Depending on the shift of MxIRT1 from microdomains to homogeneous regions in PM, MxIRT1-mediated iron absorption is activated by the cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus (CRAC) motif of MxIRT1. MxIRT1 initially associates with DRMs in ER via its transmembrane domain 1 (TMD1), and thus begins DRMs-dependent intracellular trafficking. Subsequently, MxIRT1 is sequestered in COPII vesicles via the ER export signal sequence in MxIRT1. These studies suggest that iron homeostasis is influenced by the CRAC motif and TMD1 domain due to their determination of MxIRT1-DRMs association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Tan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Bing Feng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-You Chen
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Zhao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Qi
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Yin
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ermini L, Ausman J, Melland-Smith M, Yeganeh B, Rolfo A, Litvack ML, Todros T, Letarte M, Post M, Caniggia I. A Single Sphingomyelin Species Promotes Exosomal Release of Endoglin into the Maternal Circulation in Preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12172. [PMID: 28939895 PMCID: PMC5610344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), an hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, exhibits increased circulating levels of a short form of the auxillary TGF-beta (TGFB) receptor endoglin (sENG). Until now, its release and functionality in PE remains poorly understood. Here we show that ENG selectively interacts with sphingomyelin(SM)-18:0 which promotes its clustering with metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) in SM-18:0 enriched lipid rafts of the apical syncytial membranes from PE placenta where ENG is cleaved by MMP14 into sENG. The SM-18:0 enriched lipid rafts also contain type 1 and 2 TGFB receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), but not soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT1), another protein secreted in excess in the circulation of women with PE. The truncated ENG is then released into the maternal circulation via SM-18:0 enriched exosomes together with TGFBR1 and 2. Such an exosomal TGFB receptor complex could be functionally active and block the vascular effects of TGFB in the circulation of PE women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ermini
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ausman
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Megan Melland-Smith
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Behzad Yeganeh
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Alessandro Rolfo
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Michael L Litvack
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Tullia Todros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turin, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Michelle Letarte
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sterol targeting drugs reveal life cycle stage-specific differences in trypanosome lipid rafts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9105. [PMID: 28831063 PMCID: PMC5567337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia play important roles in cell signaling, facilitated by the unique lipid environment of a ciliary membrane containing high concentrations of sterol-rich lipid rafts. The African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei is a single-celled eukaryote with a single cilium/flagellum. We tested whether flagellar sterol enrichment results from selective flagellar partitioning of specific sterol species or from general enrichment of all sterols. While all sterols are enriched in the flagellum, cholesterol is especially enriched. T. brucei cycles between its mammalian host (bloodstream cell), in which it scavenges cholesterol, and its tsetse fly host (procyclic cell), in which it both scavenges cholesterol and synthesizes ergosterol. We wondered whether the insect and mammalian life cycle stages possess chemically different lipid rafts due to different sterol utilization. Treatment of bloodstream parasites with cholesterol-specific methyl-β-cyclodextrin disrupts both membrane liquid order and localization of a raft-associated ciliary membrane calcium sensor. Treatment with ergosterol-specific amphotericin B does not. The opposite results were observed with ergosterol-rich procyclic cells. Further, these agents have opposite effects on flagellar sterol enrichment and cell metabolism in the two life cycle stages. These findings illuminate differences in the lipid rafts of an organism employing life cycle-specific sterols and have implications for treatment.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sarnataro D, Pepe A, Zurzolo C. Cell Biology of Prion Protein. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 150:57-82. [PMID: 28838675 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a mammalian glycoprotein which is usually found anchored to the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. The precise function of PrPC remains elusive but may depend upon its cellular localization. PrPC misfolds to a pathogenic isoform PrPSc, the causative agent of neurodegenerative prion diseases. Nonetheless some forms of prion disease develop in the apparent absence of infectious PrPSc, suggesting that molecular species of PrP distinct from PrPSc may represent the primary neurotoxic culprits. Indeed, in some inherited cases of human prion disease, the predominant form of PrP detectable in the brain is not PrPSc but rather CtmPrP, a transmembrane form of the protein. The relationship between the neurodegeneration occurring in prion diseases involving PrPSc and that associated with CtmPrP remains unclear. However, the different membrane topology of the PrP mutants, as well as the presence of the GPI anchor, could influence both the function and the intracellular localization and trafficking of the protein, all being potentially very important in the pathophysiological mechanism that ultimately causes the disease. Here, we review the latest findings on the fundamental aspects of prions biology, from the PrPC biosynthesis, function, and structure up to its intracellular traffic and analyze the possible roles of the different topological isoforms of the protein, as well as the GPI anchor, in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sarnataro
- University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; Ceinge-Biotecnologie avanzate, s.c.a r.l., Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Pepe
- University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogenese, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogenese, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bottanelli F, Kilian N, Ernst AM, Rivera-Molina F, Schroeder LK, Kromann EB, Lessard MD, Erdmann RS, Schepartz A, Baddeley D, Bewersdorf J, Toomre D, Rothman JE. A novel physiological role for ARF1 in the formation of bidirectional tubules from the Golgi. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1676-1687. [PMID: 28428254 PMCID: PMC5469610 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-12-0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Capitalizing on CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing techniques and super-resolution nanoscopy, we explore the role of the small GTPase ARF1 in mediating transport steps at the Golgi. Besides its well-established role in generating COPI vesicles, we find that ARF1 is also involved in the formation of long (∼3 µm), thin (∼110 nm diameter) tubular carriers. The anterograde and retrograde tubular carriers are both largely free of the classical Golgi coat proteins coatomer (COPI) and clathrin. Instead, they contain ARF1 along their entire length at a density estimated to be in the range of close packing. Experiments using a mutant form of ARF1 affecting GTP hydrolysis suggest that ARF1[GTP] is functionally required for the tubules to form. Dynamic confocal and stimulated emission depletion imaging shows that ARF1-rich tubular compartments fall into two distinct classes containing 1) anterograde cargoes and clathrin clusters or 2) retrograde cargoes and coatomer clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bottanelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Nicole Kilian
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Andreas M Ernst
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Lena K Schroeder
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Emil B Kromann
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Mark D Lessard
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Roman S Erdmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.,Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - David Baddeley
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.,Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.,Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.,Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - James E Rothman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 .,Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Golgi trafficking defects in postnatal microcephaly: The evidence for “Golgipathies”. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:46-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
47
|
Lipid Mediators of Allergic Disease: Pathways, Treatments, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 16:48. [PMID: 27333777 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive lipids are critical regulators of inflammation. Over the last 75 years, these diverse compounds have emerged as clinically-relevant mediators of allergic disease pathophysiology. Animal and human studies have demonstrated the importance of lipid mediators in the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. Lipids are critical participants in cell signaling events which influence key physiologic (bronchoconstriction) and immune phenomena (degranulation, chemotaxis, sensitization). Lipid-mediated cellular mechanisms including: (1) formation of structural support platforms (lipid rafts) for receptor signaling complexes, (2) activation of a diverse family of G-protein coupled receptors, and (3) mediating intracellular signaling cascades by acting as second messengers. Here, we review four classes of bioactive lipids (platelet activating factor, the leukotrienes, the prostanoids, and the sphingolipids) with special emphasis on lipid synthesis pathways and signaling, atopic disease pathology, and the ongoing development of atopy treatments targeting lipid mediator pathways.
Collapse
|
48
|
Blank B, von Blume J. Cab45-Unraveling key features of a novel secretory cargo sorter at the trans-Golgi network. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:383-390. [PMID: 28372832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate and efficient delivery of proteins to specific domains of the plasma membrane or to the extracellular space is critical for the ordered function of surface receptors and proteins such as insulin, collagens, antibodies, extracellular proteases. The trans-Golgi network is responsible for sorting proteins onto specific carriers for transport to their final destination. The role of the mannose-6-phosphate receptor in the sorting of hydrolases destined for lysosomes has been studied extensively, but the sorting mechanisms for secreted proteins remains poorly understood. We recently described a novel process that links the cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton to the membrane-anchored Ca2+ ATPase SPCA1 and the lumenal Ca2+-binding protein Cab45, which mediates sorting of a subset of secretory proteins at the TGN. In response to Ca2+ influx, Cab45 forms oligomers, enabling it to bind a variety of specific cargo molecules. Thus, we suggest that this represents a novel way to export cargo molecules without the need for a bona fide transmembrane cargo receptor. This review focuses on Cab45's molecular function and highlights its possible role in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Blank
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julia von Blume
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Varela ARP, Ventura AE, Carreira AC, Fedorov A, Futerman AH, Prieto M, Silva LC. Pathological levels of glucosylceramide change the biophysical properties of artificial and cell membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:340-346. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of glucosylceramide decreases membrane fluidity in artificial membranes and in cell models of Gaucher disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. P. Varela
- iMed.ULisboa – Research Institute for Medicines
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Ana E. Ventura
- iMed.ULisboa – Research Institute for Medicines
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Ana C. Carreira
- iMed.ULisboa – Research Institute for Medicines
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Aleksander Fedorov
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Anthony H. Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100
- Israel
| | - Manuel Prieto
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Liana C. Silva
- iMed.ULisboa – Research Institute for Medicines
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| |
Collapse
|