1
|
Zhou C, Hu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Wei S, Liu Z. Disruption of the peripheral biological clock may play a role in sleep deprivation-induced dysregulation of lipid metabolism in both the daytime and nighttime phases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159530. [PMID: 38964437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effect of sleep deprivation (SD) on lipid metabolism or lipid metabolism regulation in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) during the light and dark phases and explored the possible mechanisms underlying the diurnal effect of SD on lipid metabolism associated with clock genes. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice aged 2 months were deprived of sleep daily for 20 h for ten consecutive days with weakly forced locomotion. The body weights and food consumption levels of the SD and control mice were recorded, and the mice were then sacrificed at ZT (zeitgeber time) 2 and ZT 14. The peripheral clock genes, enzymes involved in fat synthesis and catabolism in the WAT, and melatonin signalling pathway-mediated lipid metabolism in the liver were assessed. Untargeted metabolomics and tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics were used to identify differential lipid metabolism pathways in the liver. RESULTS Bodyweight gain and daily food consumption were dramatically elevated after SD. Profound disruptions in the diurnal regulation of the hepatic peripheral clock and enzymes involved in fat synthesis and catabolism in the WAT were observed, with a strong emphasis on hepatic lipid metabolic pathways, while melatonin signalling pathway-mediated lipid metabolism exhibited moderate changes. CONCLUSIONS In mice, ten consecutive days of SD increased body weight gain and daily food consumption. In addition, SD profoundly disrupted lipid metabolism in the WAT and liver during the light and dark periods. These diurnal changes may be related to disorders of the peripheral biological clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chufan Zhou
- Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China; Nanjing Children's Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziping Hu
- Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shougang Wei
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chabowski DS, Hughes WE, Hockenberry JC, LoGiudice J, Beyer AM, Gutterman DD. Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 maintains NO-mediated flow-mediated dilatation in human adipose resistance arterioles. J Physiol 2023; 601:469-481. [PMID: 36575638 PMCID: PMC10979460 DOI: 10.1113/jp283923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction predicts adverse cardiovascular events despite absence of large vessel disease. A shift in the mediator of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) from nitric oxide (NO) to mitochondrial-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) occurs in arterioles from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The underlying mechanisms governing this shift are not completely defined. Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3) is a transmembrane protein that dephosphorylates lysophosphatidic acid, a bioactive lipid, causing a receptor-mediated increase in reactive oxygen species. A single nucleotide loss-of-function polymorphism in the gene coding for LPP3 (rs17114036) is associated with elevated risk for CAD, independent of traditional risk factors. LPP3 is suppressed by miR-92a, which is elevated in the circulation of patients with CAD. Repression of LPP3 increases vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in animal models. We investigated the role of LPP3 and miR-92a as a mechanism for microvascular dysfunction in CAD. We hypothesized that modulation of LPP3 is critically involved in the disease-associated shift in mediator of FMD. LPP3 protein expression was reduced in left ventricle tissue from CAD relative to non-CAD patients (P = 0.004), with mRNA expression unchanged (P = 0.96). Reducing LPP3 expression (non-CAD) caused a shift from NO to H2 O2 (% maximal dilatation: Control 78.1 ± 11.4% vs. Peg-Cat 30.0 ± 11.2%; P < 0.0001). miR-92a is elevated in CAD arterioles (fold change: 1.9 ± 0.01 P = 0.04), while inhibition of miR-92a restored NO-mediated FMD (CAD), and enhancing miR-92a expression (non-CAD) elicited H2 O2 -mediated dilatation (P < 0.0001). Our data suggests LPP3 is crucial in the disease-associated switch in the mediator of FMD. KEY POINTS: Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3) expression is reduced in heart tissue patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Loss of LPP3 in CAD is associated with an increase in the LPP3 inhibitor, miR-92a. Inhibition of LPP3 in the microvasculature of healthy patients mimics the CAD flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) phenotype. Inhibition of miR-92a restores nitric oxide-mediated FMD in the microvasculature of CAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid S Chabowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - William E Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joseph C Hockenberry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - John LoGiudice
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David D Gutterman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao N, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Li X, Li Z, Xiao H. Wun2-mediated integrin recycling promotes apoptotic cell clearance in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2545-2561. [PMID: 35840760 PMCID: PMC9751302 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell (AC) clearance is a complex process in which phagocytes recognize, engulf, and digest ACs during organismal development and tissue homeostasis. Impaired efferocytosis results in developmental defects and autoimmune diseases. In the current study, we performed RNA-sequencing to systematically identify regulators involved in the phagocytosis of ACs by Drosophila melanogaster macrophage-like S2 cells, followed by targeted RNA interference screening. Wunen2 (Wun2), a homolog of mammalian lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP), was deemed as required for efferocytosis both in vitro and in vivo. However, efferocytosis was independent of Wun2 phosphatase activity. Proteomic analysis further revealed that Rab11 and its effector Rip11 are interaction partners of Wun2. Therefore, Wun2 collaborates with Rip11 and Rab11 to mediate efficient recycling of the phagocytic receptor βν integrin subunit to the plasma membrane. The loss of Wun2 results in the routing of βv integrin subunit (Itgbn) into lysosomes, leading to its degradation. The deficiency of βv integrin subunit on the cell surface leads to aberrant and disorganized actin cytoskeleton, thereby influencing the formation of macrophage pseudopodia toward ACs and thus failure to engulf them. The findings of this study provide insights that clarify how phagocytes coordinate AC signals and adopt a precise mechanism for the maintenance of engulfment receptors at their cell membrane surface to regulate efferocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ntatsoulis K, Karampitsakos T, Tsitoura E, Stylianaki EA, Matralis AN, Tzouvelekis A, Antoniou K, Aidinis V. Commonalities Between ARDS, Pulmonary Fibrosis and COVID-19: The Potential of Autotaxin as a Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687397. [PMID: 34671341 PMCID: PMC8522582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like hyperinflammation and endothelial dysfunction, that can lead to respiratory and multi organ failure and death. Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and pulmonary fibrosis confer an increased risk for severe disease, while a subset of COVID-19-related ARDS surviving patients will develop a fibroproliferative response that can persist post hospitalization. Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted lysophospholipase D, largely responsible for the extracellular production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a pleiotropic signaling lysophospholipid with multiple effects in pulmonary and immune cells. In this review, we discuss the similarities of COVID-19, ARDS and ILDs, and suggest ATX as a possible pathologic link and a potential common therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntatsoulis
- Institute of Bio-Innovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Karampitsakos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eliza Tsitoura
- Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Pneumonology, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elli-Anna Stylianaki
- Institute of Bio-Innovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios N. Matralis
- Institute of Bio-Innovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Katerina Antoniou
- Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Pneumonology, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute of Bio-Innovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Signaling Regulates the Homing and Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSPCs) by Enhancing Incorporation of CXCR4 Receptor into Membrane Lipid Rafts. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:954-967. [PMID: 32661868 PMCID: PMC7456406 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fast and efficient homing and engraftment of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) is crucial for positive clinical outcomes from transplantation. We found that this process depends on activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, both in the HSPCs to be transplanted and in the cells in the recipient bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. For the first time we provide evidence that functional deficiency in the Nlrp3 inflammasome in transplanted cells or in the host microenvironment leads to defective homing and engraftment. At the molecular level, functional deficiency of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in HSPCs leads to their defective migration in response to the major BM homing chemoattractant stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and to other supportive chemoattractants, including sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP). We report that activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome increases autocrine release of eATP, which promotes incorporation of the CXCR4 receptor into membrane lipid rafts at the leading surface of migrating cells. On the other hand, a lack of Nlrp3 inflammasome expression in BM conditioned for transplantation leads to a decrease in expression of SDF-1 and danger-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), which are responsible for activation of the complement cascade (ComC), which in turn facilitates the homing and engraftment of HSPCs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nikitopoulou I, Ninou I, Manitsopoulos N, Dimopoulou I, Orfanos SE, Aidinis V, Kotanidou A. A role for bronchial epithelial autotaxin in ventilator-induced lung injury. Intensive Care Med Exp 2021; 9:12. [PMID: 33778909 PMCID: PMC8005331 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-021-00379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may eventually result in heterogeneous lung collapse and edema-flooded airways, predisposing the lung to progressive tissue damage known as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Autotaxin (ATX; ENPP2), the enzyme largely responsible for extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production, has been suggested to play a pathogenic role in, among others, pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Methods C57BL/6 mice were subjected to low and high tidal volume mechanical ventilation using a small animal ventilator: respiratory mechanics were evaluated, and plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were obtained. Total protein concentration was determined, and lung histopathology was further performed Results Injurious ventilation resulted in increased BALF levels of ATX. Genetic deletion of ATX from bronchial epithelial cells attenuated VILI-induced pulmonary edema. Conclusion ATX participates in VILI pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Nikitopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, 45, Ipsilantou Street, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Ninou
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Manitsopoulos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, 45, Ipsilantou Street, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, 45, Ipsilantou Street, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Orfanos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, 45, Ipsilantou Street, Athens, Greece.,2nd Department of Critical Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, 45, Ipsilantou Street, Athens, Greece. .,1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, 45, Ipsilantou Street, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
James KD, Jenkinson WE, Anderson G. Non-Epithelial Stromal Cells in Thymus Development and Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:634367. [PMID: 33717173 PMCID: PMC7946857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus supports T-cell development via specialized microenvironments that ensure a diverse, functional and self-tolerant T-cell population. These microenvironments are classically defined as distinct cortex and medulla regions that each contain specialized subsets of stromal cells. Extensive research on thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortex and medulla has defined their essential roles during T-cell development. Significantly, there are additional non-epithelial stromal cells (NES) that exist alongside TEC within thymic microenvironments, including multiple subsets of mesenchymal and endothelial cells. In contrast to our current understanding of TEC biology, the developmental origins, lineage relationships, and functional properties, of NES remain poorly understood. However, experimental evidence suggests these cells are important for thymus function by either directly influencing T-cell development, or by indirectly regulating TEC development and/or function. Here, we focus attention on the contribution of NES to thymic microenvironments, including their phenotypic identification and functional classification, and explore their impact on thymus function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran D James
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - William E Jenkinson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nugent S, Potvin O, Cunnane SC, Chen TH, Duchesne S. Associating Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factor Genes and FDG-PET Brain Metabolism in Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:580633. [PMID: 33192474 PMCID: PMC7661639 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.580633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have linked type 2 diabetes (T2D) to an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This has led to an interest in using antidiabetic treatments for the prevention of AD. However, the underlying mechanisms explaining the relationship between T2D and AD have not been completely elucidated. Objective: Our objective was to examine cerebral 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake during normal aging and in AD patients in regions associated with diabetes genetic risk factor expression to highlight which genes may serve as potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Methods: We calculated regional glucose metabolism differences in units of standardized uptake values (SUVR) for 386 cognitively healthy adults and 335 clinically probable AD patients. We then proceeded to extract gene-expression data from the publicly available Allen Human Brain Atlas (HBA) database. We used the nearest genes to 46 AD- and T2D-associated SNPs previously identified in the literature, and mapped their expression to the same 34 cortical regions in which we calculated SUVRs. SNPs with a donor consistency of 0.40 or greater were selected for further analysis. We evaluated the associations between SUVR and gene-expression across the brain. Results: Of the 46 risk-factor genes, 15 were found to be significantly correlated with FDG-PET brain metabolism in healthy adults and probable AD patients after correction for multiple comparisons. Using multiple regression, we found that five genes explained a total of 72.5% of the SUVR variance across the healthy adult group regions, while four genes explained a total of 79.3% of the SUVR variance across the probable AD group regions. There were significant differences in whole-brain SUVR as a function of allele frequencies for two genes. Conclusions: These results highlight the association between risk factor genes for T2D and regional glucose metabolism during both normal aging and in probable AD. Highlighted genes were associated with mitochondrial stability, vascular maintenance, and glucose intolerance. Pharmacological intervention of these pathways has the potential to improve glucose metabolism during normal again as well as in AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Nugent
- Centre de Recherche CERVO de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Potvin
- Centre de Recherche CERVO de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Sciences Center, Geriatrics Institute, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ting-Huei Chen
- Centre de Recherche CERVO de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Mathématiques et Statistiques, Faculté des Sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- Centre de Recherche CERVO de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Radiologie et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang X, Brindley DN. Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases and Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091263. [PMID: 32887262 PMCID: PMC7564803 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are a group of three enzymes (LPP1–3) that belong to a phospholipid phosphatase (PLPP) family. The LPPs dephosphorylate a wide spectrum of bioactive lipid phosphates, among which lysophosphatidate (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are two important extracellular signaling molecules. The LPPs are integral membrane proteins, which are localized on plasma membranes and intracellular membranes, including the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi network. LPPs regulate signaling transduction in cancer cells and demonstrate different effects in cancer progression through the breakdown of extracellular LPA and S1P and other intracellular substrates. This review is intended to summarize an up-to-date understanding about the functions of LPPs in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - David N. Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pamenter ME, Hall JE, Tanabe Y, Simonson TS. Cross-Species Insights Into Genomic Adaptations to Hypoxia. Front Genet 2020; 11:743. [PMID: 32849780 PMCID: PMC7387696 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over millions of years, vertebrate species populated vast environments spanning the globe. Among the most challenging habitats encountered were those with limited availability of oxygen, yet many animal and human populations inhabit and perform life cycle functions and/or daily activities in varying degrees of hypoxia today. Of particular interest are species that inhabit high-altitude niches, which experience chronic hypobaric hypoxia throughout their lives. Physiological and molecular aspects of adaptation to hypoxia have long been the focus of high-altitude populations and, within the past decade, genomic information has become increasingly accessible. These data provide an opportunity to search for common genetic signatures of selection across uniquely informative populations and thereby augment our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adaptations to hypoxia. In this review, we synthesize the available genomic findings across hypoxia-tolerant species to provide a comprehensive view of putatively hypoxia-adaptive genes and pathways. In many cases, adaptive signatures across species converge on the same genetic pathways or on genes themselves [i.e., the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway). However, specific variants thought to underlie function are distinct between species and populations, and, in most cases, the precise functional role of these genomic differences remains unknown. Efforts to standardize these findings and explore relationships between genotype and phenotype will provide important clues into the evolutionary and mechanistic bases of physiological adaptations to environmental hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - James E. Hall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yuuka Tanabe
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang X, McMullen TP, Brindley DN. Increasing the low lipid phosphate phosphatase 1 activity in breast cancer cells decreases transcription by AP-1 and expressions of matrix metalloproteinases and cyclin D1/D3. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:6129-6142. [PMID: 31534541 PMCID: PMC6735510 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in breast cancer patients and lysophosphatidate (LPA) signaling promotes this process. LPA signaling is attenuated by lipid phosphate phosphatase-1 (LPP1) whose activity is decreased in cancers. Consequently, increasing LPP1 levels suppresses breast tumor growth and metastasis. This study shows that increasing LPP1 in breast cancer cells decreases transcription through cFos and cJun. This decreases production of cyclin D1/D3 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which provides new insights into the role of LPP1 in controlling tumor growth and metastasis. Methods: Invasiveness was determined by a Matrigel invasion assay. MMP expression was measured by qPCR, multiplex LASER bead technology and gelatin zymography. Levels of cJUN, cFOS, FRA1, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3 were determined by qPCR and western blotting. Collagen was determined by Picro-Sirius Red staining. Results: Increasing LPP1 expression inhibited invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through Matrigel. This was accompanied by decreases in expression of MMP-1, -3, -7, -9, -10, -12 and -13, which are transcriptionally regulated by the AP-1 complex. Increasing LPP1 attenuated the induction of mRNA of MMP-1, -3, cFOS, and cJUN by EGF or TNFα, but increased FRA1. LPP1 expression also decreased the induction of protein levels for cFOS and cJUN in nuclei and cytoplasmic fractions by EGF and TNFα. Protein levels of cyclin D1 and D3 were also decreased by LPP1. Although FRA1 in total cell lysates or cytoplasm was increased by LPP1, nuclear FRA1 was not affected. LPP1-induced decreases in MMPs in mouse tumors created with MDA-MB-231 cells were accompanied by increased collagen in the tumors and fewer lung metastases. Knockdown of LPP1 in MDA-MB-231 cells increased the protein levels of MMP-1 and -3. Human breast tumors also have lower levels of LPP1 and higher levels of cJUN, cFOS, MMP-1, -7, -8, -9, -12, -13, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3 relative to normal breast tissue. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the low LPP1 expression in breast cancer cells is associated with high levels of cyclin D1/D3 and MMPs as a result of increased transcription by cFOS and cJUN. Increasing LPP1 expression provides a novel approach for decreasing transcription through AP-1, which could provide a strategy for decreasing tumor growth and metastasis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mao G, Smyth SS, Morris AJ. Regulation of PLPP3 gene expression by NF-κB family transcription factors. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14009-14019. [PMID: 31362988 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3), encoded by the PLPP3 gene, is an integral membrane enzyme that dephosphorylates phosphate esters of glycero- and sphingophospholipids. Cell surface LPP3 can terminate the signaling actions of bioactive lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1 phosphate, which likely explains its role in developmental angiogenesis, vascular injury responses, and cell migration. Heritable variants in the final intron PLPP3 associate with interindividual variability in coronary artery disease risk that may result from disruption of enhancer sequences that normally act in cis to increase expression of the gene. However, the mechanisms regulating PLPP3 expression are not well understood. We show that the human PLPP3 promoter contains three functional NF-κB response elements. All of these are required for maximal induction of PLPP3 promoter activity in reporter assays. The identified sequences recruit RelA and RelB components of the NF-κB transcription complex to chromatin, and these transcription factors bind to the identified target sequences in two different cell types. LPA promotes binding of Rel family transcription factors to the PLPP3 promoter and increases PLPP3 gene expression through mechanisms that are attenuated by an NF-κB inhibitor, LPA receptor antagonists, and inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3 kinase. These findings indicate that up-regulation of PLPP3 during inflammation and atherosclerosis results from canonical activation of the NF-κB signaling cascade to increase PLPP3 expression through nuclear import and binding of RelA and RelB transcription factors to the PLPP3 promoter and suggest a mechanism by which the LPP3 substrate, LPA, can regulate PLPP3 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guogen Mao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536.,Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Susan S Smyth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536.,Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 .,Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Objective Blood lipids are well-known risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to explore the association between 17 lipid-related gene polymorphisms and CHD. Methods The current study examined with 784 CHD cases and 739 non-CHD controls. Genotyping was performed on the MassARRAY iPLEX® assay platform. Results Our analyses revealed a significant association of APOE rs7259620 with CHD (genotype: χ2=6.353, df=2, p=0.042; allele: χ2=5.05, df=1, p=0.025; recessive model: χ2=5.57, df=1, p=0.018). A further gender-based subgroup analysis revealed significant associations of APOE rs7259620 and PPAP2B rs72664392 with CHD in males (genotype: χ2=8.379, df=2, p=0.015; allele: χ2=5.190, df=1, p=0.023; recessive model: χ2=19.3, df=1, p<0.0001) and females (genotype: χ2=9.878, df=2, p=0.007), respectively. Subsequent breakdown analysis by age showed that CETP rs4783961, MLXIPL rs35493868, and PON2 rs12704796 were significantly associated with CHD among individuals younger than 55 years of age (CETP rs4783961: χ2=8.966, df=1, p=0.011 by genotype; MLXIPL rs35493868: χ2=4.87, df=1, p=0.027 by allele; χ2=4.88, df=1, p=0.027 by dominant model; PON2 rs12704796: χ2=6.511, df=2, p=0.039 by genotype; χ2=6.210, df=1, p=0.013 by allele; χ2=5.03, df=1, p=0.025 by dominant model). Significant allelic association was observed between LEPR rs656451 and CHD among individuals older than 65 years of age (χ2=4.410, df=1, p=0.036). Conclusion Our study revealed significant associations of APOE, PPAP2B, CETP, MLXIPL, PON2, and LEPR gene polymorphisms with CHD among the Han Chinese.
Collapse
|
14
|
Aldi S, Matic LP, Hamm G, van Keulen D, Tempel D, Holmstrøm K, Szwajda A, Nielsen BS, Emilsson V, Ait-Belkacem R, Lengquist M, Paulsson-Berne G, Eriksson P, Lindeman JHN, Gool AJ, Stauber J, Hedin U, Hurt-Camejo E. Integrated Human Evaluation of the Lysophosphatidic Acid Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Atherosclerosis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 10:17-28. [PMID: 30003117 PMCID: PMC6039967 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Variants in the PLPP3 gene encoding for lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 3 have been associated with susceptibility to atherosclerosis independently of classical risk factors. PLPP3 inactivates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic product of phospholipase activity. Here we performed the first exploratory analysis of PLPP3, LPA, and LPA receptors (LPARs 1–6) in human atherosclerosis. PLPP3 transcript and protein were repressed when comparing plaques versus normal arteries and plaques from symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients, and they were negatively associated with risk of adverse cardiovascular events. PLPP3 localized to macrophages, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells (ECs) in plaques. LPAR 2, 5, and especially 6 showed increased expression in plaques, with LPAR6 localized in ECs and positively correlated to PLPP3. Utilizing in situ mass spectrometry imaging, LPA and its precursors were found in the plaque fibrous cap, co-localizing with PLPP3 and LPAR6. In vitro, PLPP3 silencing in ECs under LPA stimulation resulted in increased expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines. LPAR6 silencing inhibited LPA-induced cell activation, but not when PLPP3 was silenced simultaneously. Our results show that repression of PLPP3 plays a key role in atherosclerosis by promoting EC activation. Altogether, the PLPP3 pathway represents a suitable target for investigations into novel therapeutic approaches to ameliorate atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Aldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Agnieszka Szwajda
- Translational Sciences, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Valur Emilsson
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Mariette Lengquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Eva Hurt-Camejo
- Translational Sciences, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ninou I, Magkrioti C, Aidinis V. Autotaxin in Pathophysiology and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:180. [PMID: 29951481 PMCID: PMC6008954 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipid signaling is emerging as a druggable regulator of pathophysiological responses, and especially fibrosis, exemplified by the relative ongoing clinical trials in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. In this review, we focus on ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase-phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2), or as more widely known Autotaxin (ATX), a secreted lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) largely responsible for extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production. In turn, LPA is a bioactive phospholipid autacoid, forming locally upon increased ATX levels and acting also locally through its receptors, likely guided by ATX's structural conformation and cell surface associations. Increased ATX activity levels have been detected in many inflammatory and fibroproliferative conditions, while genetic and pharmacologic studies have confirmed a pleiotropic participation of ATX/LPA in different processes and disorders. In pulmonary fibrosis, ATX levels rise in the broncheoalveolar fluid (BALF) and stimulate LPA production. LPA engagement of its receptors activate multiple G-protein mediated signal transduction pathways leading to different responses from pulmonary cells including the production of pro-inflammatory signals from stressed epithelial cells, the modulation of endothelial physiology, the activation of TGF signaling and the stimulation of fibroblast accumulation. Genetic or pharmacologic targeting of the ATX/LPA axis attenuated disease development in animal models, thus providing the proof of principle for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Ninou
- Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Christiana Magkrioti
- Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chandra M, Escalante-Alcalde D, Bhuiyan MS, Orr AW, Kevil C, Morris AJ, Nam H, Dominic P, McCarthy KJ, Miriyala S, Panchatcharam M. Cardiac-specific inactivation of LPP3 in mice leads to myocardial dysfunction and heart failure. Redox Biol 2017; 14:261-271. [PMID: 28982073 PMCID: PMC5635346 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid Phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3), encoded by the Plpp3 gene, is an enzyme that dephosphorylates the bioactive lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). To study the role of LPP3 in the myocardium, we generated a cardiac specific Plpp3 deficient mouse strain. Although these mice were viable at birth in contrast to global Plpp3 knockout mice, they showed increased mortality ~ 8 months. LPP3 deficient mice had enlarged hearts with reduced left ventricular performance as seen by echocardiography. Cardiac specific Plpp3 deficient mice had longer ventricular effective refractory periods compared to their Plpp3 littermates. We observed that lack of Lpp3 enhanced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy based on analysis of cell surface area. We found that lack of Lpp3 signaling was mediated through the activation of Rho and phospho-ERK pathways. There are increased levels of fetal genes Natriuretic Peptide A and B (Nppa and Nppb) expression indicating myocardial dysfunction. These mice also demonstrate mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the basal oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial ATP production, and spare respiratory capacity as measured through mitochondrial bioenergetics. Histology and transmission electron microscopy of these hearts showed disrupted sarcomere organization and intercalated disc, with a prominent disruption of the cristae and vacuole formation in the mitochondria. Our findings suggest that LPA/LPP3-signaling nexus plays an important role in normal function of cardiomyocytes. PLPP3 plays a prominent role in the heart compared to other isoforms of PLPP. Lack of PLPP3 results in deteriorating cardiac function. PLPP3 regulates LPA signaling in cardiomyocytes. Presence of PLPP3 is required for optimal mitochondrial function. Increased free radical production is mitigated with activated PLPP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mini Chandra
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Diana Escalante-Alcalde
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, Mexico
| | - Md Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Anthony Wayne Orr
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Christopher Kevil
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Hyung Nam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Paari Dominic
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Kevin J McCarthy
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA; Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Sumitra Miriyala
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
| | - Manikandan Panchatcharam
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that can exert diverse biological effects in various diseased states of the kidney by activating at least six cognate G protein-coupled receptors and its complex network of heterotrimeric G proteins. In many models of acute and chronic kidney injury, pathological elevations in LPA promotes abnormal changes in renal tubular epithelial cell architecture by activating apoptotic signaling, recruits immune cells to the site of injury, and stimulates profibrotic signaling by increasing gene transcription. In renal cancers, LPA can promote vascular cell proliferation and tumor cell invasion. In this review, a summary will be provided to describe the involvement of LPA, its synthetic enzymes, and its associated receptors in normal and diseased kidneys. Further elucidation of the LPA system may open new doors in developing a lipid-receptor therapeutic platform for kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Busnelli M, Manzini S, Hilvo M, Parolini C, Ganzetti GS, Dellera F, Ekroos K, Jänis M, Escalante-Alcalde D, Sirtori CR, Laaksonen R, Chiesa G. Liver-specific deletion of the Plpp3 gene alters plasma lipid composition and worsens atherosclerosis in apoE -/- mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44503. [PMID: 28291223 PMCID: PMC5349609 DOI: 10.1038/srep44503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The PLPP3 gene encodes for a ubiquitous enzyme that dephosphorylates several lipid substrates. Genome-wide association studies identified PLPP3 as a gene that plays a role in coronary artery disease susceptibility. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Plpp3 deletion on atherosclerosis development in mice. Because the constitutive deletion of Plpp3 in mice is lethal, conditional Plpp3 hepatocyte-specific null mice were generated by crossing floxed Plpp3 mice with animals expressing Cre recombinase under control of the albumin promoter. The mice were crossed onto the athero-prone apoE-/- background to obtain Plpp3f/fapoE-/-Alb-Cre+ and Plpp3f/fapoE-/-Alb-Cre- offspring, the latter of which were used as controls. The mice were fed chow or a Western diet for 32 or 12 weeks, respectively. On the Western diet, Alb-Cre+ mice developed more atherosclerosis than Alb-Cre- mice, both at the aortic sinus and aorta. Lipidomic analysis showed that hepatic Plpp3 deletion significantly modified the levels of several plasma lipids involved in atherosclerosis, including lactosylceramides, lysophosphatidic acids, and lysophosphatidylinositols. In conclusion, Plpp3 ablation in mice worsened atherosclerosis development. Lipidomic analysis suggested that the hepatic Plpp3 deletion may promote atherosclerosis by increasing plasma levels of several low-abundant pro-atherogenic lipids, thus providing a molecular basis for the observed results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia S Ganzetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Dellera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Minna Jänis
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Diana Escalante-Alcalde
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Mx. 04510, México
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kurano M, Kano K, Dohi T, Matsumoto H, Igarashi K, Nishikawa M, Ohkawa R, Ikeda H, Miyauchi K, Daida H, Aoki J, Yatomi Y. Different origins of lysophospholipid mediators between coronary and peripheral arteries in acute coronary syndrome. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:433-442. [PMID: 28007846 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p071803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acids (LysoPAs) and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) are emerging lipid mediators proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In this study, we attempted to elucidate how LysoPA and LysoPS become elevated in ACS using human blood samples collected simultaneously from culprit coronary arteries and peripheral arteries in ACS subjects. We found that: 1) the plasma LysoPA, LysoPS, and lysophosphatidylglycerol levels were not different, while the lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), lysophosphatidylinositol, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) levels were significantly lower in the culprit coronary arteries; 2) the serum autotaxin (ATX) level was lower and the serum phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A1 (PS-PLA1) level was higher in the culprit coronary arteries; 3) the LysoPE and ATX levels were significant explanatory factors for the mainly elevated species of LysoPA, except for 22:6 LysoPA, in the peripheral arteries, while the LysoPC and LysoPE levels, but not the ATX level, were explanatory factors in the culprit coronary arteries; and 4) 18:0 and 18:1 LysoPS were significantly correlated with PS-PLA1 only in the culprit coronary arteries. In conclusion, the origins of LysoPA and LysoPS might differ between culprit coronary arteries and peripheral arteries, and substrates for ATX, such as LysoPC and LysoPE, might be important for the generation of LysoPA in ACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST)
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST).,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Dohi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koji Igarashi
- Bioscience Division, Reagent Development Department, AIA Research Group, TOSOH Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST)
| | - Ryunosuke Ohkawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST).,Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST).,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan .,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST).,Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Genomics of human fatty liver disease reveal mechanistically linked lipid droplet-associated gene regulations in bland steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Transl Res 2016; 177:41-69. [PMID: 27376874 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder hallmarked by excessive lipid deposits. Based on our recent research on lipid droplet (LD) formation in hepatocytes, we investigated LD-associated gene regulations in NAFLD of different grades, that is, steatosis vs steatohepatitis by comparing liver biopsies from healthy controls (N = 13) and NAFLD patients (N = 102). On average, more than 700 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified of which 146 are mechanistically linked to LD formation. We identified 51 LD-associated DEGs frequently regulated in patient samples (range ≥5 to ≤102) with the liver-receptor homolog-1(NR5A2), that is, a key regulator of cholesterol metabolism being commonly repressed among 100 patients examined. With bland steatosis, notable regulations involved hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated-protein and diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase-2 renowned for their role in LD-growth. Conversely, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated DEGs coded for epidermal growth factor receptor and TLR4 signaling with decreased expression of the GTPase Rab5 and the lipid phosphohydrolase PPAP2B thus highlighting adaptive responses to inflammation, LDL-mediated endocytosis and lipogenesis, respectively. Studies with steatotic primary human hepatocyte cultures demonstrated induction of LD-associated PLIN2, CIDEC, DNAAF1, whereas repressed expression of CPT1A, ANGPTL4, and PKLR informed on burdened mitochondrial metabolism. Equally, repressed expression of the B-lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL13 and STAT4 as well as induced FGF21 evidenced amelioration of steatosis-related inflammation. In-vitro/in-vivo patient sample comparisons confirmed C-reactive protein, SOCS3, NR5A2, and SOD2 as commonly regulated. Lastly, STRING network analysis highlighted potential "druggable" targets with PLIN2, CIDEC, and hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated-protein being confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. In conclusion, steatosis and steatohepatitis specific gene regulations informed on the pathogenesis of NAFLD to broaden the perspective of targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
21
|
Touat-Hamici Z, Weidmann H, Blum Y, Proust C, Durand H, Iannacci F, Codoni V, Gaignard P, Thérond P, Civelek M, Karabina SA, Lusis AJ, Cambien F, Ninio E. Role of lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 in human aortic endothelial cell function. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 112:702-713. [PMID: 27694435 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3; type 2 phosphatidic acid phosphatase β (LPP3; PPAP2B) is a transmembrane protein dephosphorylating and thereby terminating signalling of lipid substrates including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Human LPP3 possesses a cell adhesion motif that allows interaction with integrins. A polymorphism (rs17114036) in PPAP2B is associated with coronary artery disease, which prompted us to investigate the possible role of LPP3 in human endothelial dysfunction, a condition promoting atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS To study the role of LPP3 in endothelial cells we used human primary aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) in which LPP3 was silenced or overexpressed using either wild type or mutated cDNA constructs. LPP3 silencing in HAECs enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, leucocyte adhesion, cell survival, and migration and impaired angiogenesis, whereas wild-type LPP3 overexpression reversed these effects and induced apoptosis. We also demonstrated that LPP3 expression was negatively correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Mutations in either the catalytic or the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) domains impaired endothelial cell function and pharmacological inhibition of S1P or LPA restored it. LPA was not secreted in HAECs under silencing or overexpressing LPP3. However, the intra- and extra-cellular levels of S1P tended to be correlated with LPP3 expression, indicating that S1P is probably degraded by LPP3. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that LPP3 is a negative regulator of inflammatory cytokines, leucocyte adhesion, cell survival, and migration in HAECs, suggesting a protective role of LPP3 against endothelial dysfunction in humans. Both the catalytic and the RGD functional domains were involved and S1P, but not LPA, might be the endogenous substrate of LPP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahia Touat-Hamici
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, INSERM UMR_S 1166, ICAN, Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Henri Weidmann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, INSERM UMR_S 1166, ICAN, Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yuna Blum
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Carole Proust
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, INSERM UMR_S 1166, ICAN, Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Durand
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, INSERM UMR_S 1166, ICAN, Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Francesca Iannacci
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, INSERM UMR_S 1166, ICAN, Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Veronica Codoni
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, INSERM UMR_S 1166, ICAN, Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Gaignard
- APHP, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris Sud, UR Lip(Sys), UFR de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - Patrice Thérond
- APHP, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris Sud, UR Lip(Sys), UFR de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Sonia A Karabina
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, INSERM UMR_S 933, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - François Cambien
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, INSERM UMR_S 1166, ICAN, Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ewa Ninio
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, INSERM UMR_S 1166, ICAN, Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases Team, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Titz B, Boué S, Phillips B, Talikka M, Vihervaara T, Schneider T, Nury C, Elamin A, Guedj E, Peck MJ, Schlage WK, Cabanski M, Leroy P, Vuillaume G, Martin F, Ivanov NV, Veljkovic E, Ekroos K, Laaksonen R, Vanscheeuwijck P, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Effects of Cigarette Smoke, Cessation, and Switching to Two Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products on Lung Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6 and Apoe-/- Mice-An Integrative Systems Toxicology Analysis. Toxicol Sci 2016; 149:441-57. [PMID: 26582801 PMCID: PMC4725611 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of cigarette smoke (CS), a major cause of lung diseases, on the composition and metabolism of lung lipids is incompletely understood. Here, we integrated quantitative lipidomics and proteomics to investigate exposure effects on lung lipid metabolism in a C57BL/6 and an Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe(-/-)) mouse study. In these studies, mice were exposed to high concentrations of 3R4F reference CS, aerosol from potential modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) or filtered air (Sham) for up to 8 months. The 2 assessed MRTPs, the prototypical MRTP for C57BL/6 mice and the Tobacco Heating System 2.2 for Apoe(-/-) mice, utilize "heat-not-burn" technologies and were each matched in nicotine concentrations to the 3R4F CS. After 2 months of CS exposure, some groups were either switched to the MRTP or underwent cessation. In both mouse strains, CS strongly affected several categories of lung lipids and lipid-related proteins. Candidate surfactant lipids, surfactant proteins, and surfactant metabolizing proteins were increased. Inflammatory eicosanoids, their metabolic enzymes, and several ceramide classes were elevated. Overall, CS induced a coordinated lipid response controlled by transcription regulators such as SREBP proteins and supported by other metabolic adaptations. In contrast, most of these changes were absent in the mice exposed to the potential MRTPs, in the cessation group, and the switching group. Our findings demonstrate the complex biological response of the lungs to CS exposure and support the benefits of cessation or switching to a heat-not-burn product using a design such as those employed in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Titz
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland; *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland;
| | - Stéphanie Boué
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, 50 Science Park Road, Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Marja Talikka
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Schneider
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Nury
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Elamin
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Peck
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Schlage
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Cabanski
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Vuillaume
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Emilija Veljkovic
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Biologinkuja 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Fleming
- From the Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu C, Huang RT, Kuo CH, Kumar S, Kim CW, Lin YC, Chen YJ, Birukova A, Birukov KG, Dulin NO, Civelek M, Lusis AJ, Loyer X, Tedgui A, Dai G, Jo H, Fang Y. Mechanosensitive PPAP2B Regulates Endothelial Responses to Atherorelevant Hemodynamic Forces. Circ Res 2015; 117:e41-e53. [PMID: 26034042 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.306457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE PhosPhatidic Acid Phosphatase type 2B (PPAP2B), an integral membrane protein known as lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP3) that inactivates lysophosphatidic acid, was implicated in coronary artery disease (CAD) by genome-wide association studies. However, it is unclear whether genome-wide association studies-identified coronary artery disease genes, including PPAP2B, participate in mechanotransduction mechanisms by which vascular endothelia respond to local atherorelevant hemodynamics that contribute to the regional nature of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE To establish the critical role of PPAP2B in endothelial responses to hemodynamics. METHODS AND RESULTS Reduced PPAP2B was detected in vivo in mouse and swine aortic arch (AA) endothelia exposed to chronic disturbed flow, and in mouse carotid artery endothelia subjected to surgically induced acute disturbed flow. In humans, PPAP2B was reduced in the downstream part of carotid plaques where low shear stress prevails. In culture, reduced PPAP2B was measured in human aortic endothelial cells under atherosusceptible waveform mimicking flow in human carotid sinus. Flow-sensitive microRNA-92a and transcription factor KLF2 were identified as upstream inhibitor and activator of endothelial PPAP2B, respectively. PPAP2B suppression abrogated atheroprotection of unidirectional flow; inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 restored the flow-dependent, anti-inflammatory phenotype in PPAP2B-deficient cells. PPAP2B inhibition resulted in myosin light-chain phosphorylation and intercellular gaps, which were abolished by lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1/2 inhibition. Expression quantitative trait locus mapping demonstrated PPAP2B coronary artery disease risk allele is not linked to PPAP2B expression in various human tissues but significantly associated with reduced PPAP2B in human aortic endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Atherorelevant flows dynamically modulate endothelial PPAP2B expression through miR-92a and KLF2. Mechanosensitive PPAP2B plays a critical role in promoting anti-inflammatory phenotype and maintaining vascular integrity of endothelial monolayer under atheroprotective flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congqing Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Los Angeles
| | - Ru-Ting Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Los Angeles
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Los Angeles
| | - Chan Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Los Angeles
| | - Yen-Chen Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Los Angeles
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Los Angeles
| | - Anna Birukova
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Xavier Loyer
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, University Paris Descartes
| | - Alain Tedgui
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, University Paris Descartes
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Los Angeles
| | - Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Reschen ME, Gaulton KJ, Lin D, Soilleux EJ, Morris AJ, Smyth SS, O'Callaghan CA. Lipid-induced epigenomic changes in human macrophages identify a coronary artery disease-associated variant that regulates PPAP2B Expression through Altered C/EBP-beta binding. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005061. [PMID: 25835000 PMCID: PMC4383549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 40 loci that affect risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the causal mechanisms at the majority of loci are unknown. Recent studies have suggested that many causal GWAS variants influence disease through altered transcriptional regulation in disease-relevant cell types. We explored changes in transcriptional regulation during a key pathophysiological event in CAD, the environmental lipid-induced transformation of macrophages to lipid-laden foam cells. We used a combination of open chromatin mapping with formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE-seq) and enhancer and transcription factor mapping using chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP-seq) in primary human macrophages before and after exposure to atherogenic oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), with resultant foam cell formation. OxLDL-induced foam cell formation was associated with changes in a subset of open chromatin and active enhancer sites that strongly correlated with expression changes of nearby genes. OxLDL-regulated enhancers were enriched for several transcription factors including C/EBP-beta, which has no previously documented role in foam cell formation. OxLDL exposure up-regulated C/EBP-beta expression and increased genomic binding events, most prominently around genes involved in inflammatory response pathways. Variants at CAD-associated loci were significantly and specifically enriched in the subset of chromatin sites altered by oxLDL exposure, including rs72664324 in an oxLDL-induced enhancer at the PPAP2B locus. OxLDL increased C/EBP beta binding to this site and C/EBP beta binding and enhancer activity were stronger with the protective A allele of rs72664324. In addition, expression of the PPAP2B protein product LPP3 was present in foam cells in human atherosclerotic plaques and oxLDL exposure up-regulated LPP3 in macrophages resulting in increased degradation of pro-inflammatory mediators. Our results demonstrate a genetic mechanism contributing to CAD risk at the PPAP2B locus and highlight the value of studying epigenetic changes in disease processes involving pathogenic environmental stimuli. Coronary artery disease is a complex disease where over 40 genomic loci contributing to genetic risk have been identified. However, identifying the precise variants, genomic elements and genes that mediate this risk at each locus has proved challenging. We hypothesized that some genetic risk variants may influence a key step in development of coronary artery disease, which occurs when macrophages encounter environmentally-derived lipid. These cells take up lipid and accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques in the walls of blood vessels where they contribute to the inflammatory atherosclerotic disease process. Therefore, we studied the effects of this lipid exposure on the genomic activity of these cells. Environmental lipid exposure triggered changes in transcriptional regulation and gene expression. Variants at coronary artery disease risk loci were enriched for genomic regions altered by lipid exposure. We studied one such risk variant rs72664324 in detail and found that it altered binding of the C/EBP-beta transcription factor and altered expression of the PPAP2B gene. PPAP2B encodes an enzyme that degrades pro-inflammatory substances. Our study demonstrates a hitherto unknown genetic mechanism underlying atherosclerotic heart disease and demonstrates the value of studying changes in transcriptional regulation in key disease processes involving environmental influences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Reschen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Da Lin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J. Soilleux
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford and Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Susan S. Smyth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Navab M, Chattopadhyay A, Hough G, Meriwether D, Fogelman SI, Wagner AC, Grijalva V, Su F, Anantharamaiah GM, Hwang LH, Faull KF, Reddy ST, Fogelman AM. Source and role of intestinally derived lysophosphatidic acid in dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:871-87. [PMID: 25646365 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m056614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that i) a Western diet increased levels of unsaturated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in small intestine and plasma of LDL receptor null (LDLR(-/-)) mice, and ii) supplementing standard mouse chow with unsaturated (but not saturated) LPA produced dyslipidemia and inflammation. Here we report that supplementing chow with unsaturated (but not saturated) LPA resulted in aortic atherosclerosis, which was ameliorated by adding transgenic 6F tomatoes. Supplementing chow with lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) 18:1 (but not LysoPC 18:0) resulted in dyslipidemia similar to that seen on adding LPA 18:1 to chow. PF8380 (a specific inhibitor of autotaxin) significantly ameliorated the LysoPC 18:1-induced dyslipidemia. Supplementing chow with LysoPC 18:1 dramatically increased the levels of unsaturated LPA species in small intestine, liver, and plasma, and the increase was significantly ameliorated by PF8380 indicating that the conversion of LysoPC 18:1 to LPA 18:1 was autotaxin dependent. Adding LysoPC 18:0 to chow increased levels of LPA 18:0 in small intestine, liver, and plasma but was not altered by PF8380 indicating that conversion of LysoPC 18:0 to LPA 18:0 was autotaxin independent. We conclude that i) intestinally derived unsaturated (but not saturated) LPA can cause atherosclerosis in LDLR(-/-) mice, and ii) autotaxin mediates the conversion of unsaturated (but not saturated) LysoPC to LPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Navab
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Arnab Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Greg Hough
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - David Meriwether
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736 Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Spencer I Fogelman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Alan C Wagner
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Victor Grijalva
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - G M Anantharamaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Lin H Hwang
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Kym F Faull
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736 Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736 Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang X, Yang L, Wang H, Shao F, Yu J, Jiang H, Han Y, Gong D, Gu Z. Growth hormone-regulated mRNAs and miRNAs in chicken hepatocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112896. [PMID: 25386791 PMCID: PMC4227886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a key regulatory factor in animal growth, development and metabolism. Based on the expression level of the GH receptor, the chicken liver is a major target organ of GH, but the biological effects of GH on the chicken liver are not fully understood. In this work we identified mRNAs and miRNAs that are regulated by GH in primary hepatocytes from female chickens through RNA-seq, and analyzed the functional relevance of these mRNAs and miRNAs through GO enrichment analysis and miRNA target prediction. A total of 164 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between GH-treated and control chicken hepatocytes, of which 112 were up-regulated and 52 were down-regulated by GH. A total of 225 chicken miRNAs were identified by the RNA-Seq analysis. Among these miRNAs 16 were up-regulated and 1 miRNA was down-regulated by GH. The GH-regulated mRNAs were mainly involved in growth and metabolism. Most of the GH-upregulated or GH-downregulated miRNAs were predicted to target the GH-downregulated or GH-upregulated mRNAs, respectively, involved in lipid metabolism. This study reveals that GH regulates the expression of many mRNAs involved in metabolism in female chicken hepatocytes, which suggests that GH plays an important role in regulating liver metabolism in female chickens. The results of this study also support the hypothesis that GH regulates lipid metabolism in chicken liver in part by regulating the expression of miRNAs that target the mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingguo Wang
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, P R China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P R China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, P R China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, P R China
| | - Fang Shao
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, P R China
| | - JianFeng Yu
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, P R China
| | - Honglin Jiang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yaoping Han
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, P R China
| | - Daoqing Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P R China
| | - Zhiliang Gu
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, P R China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Han X, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Wang J, Yang J, Niu J. Association between phosphatase related gene variants and coronary artery disease: case-control study and meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14058-76. [PMID: 25123136 PMCID: PMC4159839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that the serum alkaline phosphatase is an independent predictor of the coronary artery disease (CAD). In this work, we aimed to summarize the association between three phosphatase related single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs12526453, rs11066301 and rs3828329) and the risk of CAD in Han Chinese. Our results showed that the rs3828329 of the ACP1 gene was closely related to the risk of CAD in Han Chinese (OR = 1.45, p = 0.0006). This significant association of rs3828329 with CAD was only found in the females (Additive model: OR = 1.80, p = 0.001; dominant model: OR = 1.69, p = 0.03; recessive model: OR = 1.96, p = 0.0008). Moreover, rs3828329 was likely to exert its effect in females aged 65 years and older (OR = 2.27, p = 0.001). Further meta-analyses showed that the rs12526453 of PHACTR11 gene (OR = 1.14, p < 0.0001, random-effect method) and the rs11066301 of PTPN11 gene (OR = 1.15, p < 0.0001, fixed-effects method) were associated with CAD risk in multiple populations. Our results showed that the polymorphisms rs12526453 and rs11066301 are significantly associated with the CAD risk in multiple populations. The rs3828329 of ACP1 gene is also a risk factor of CAD in Han Chinese females aged 65 years and older.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Han
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, Laiwu 271100, China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, Laiwu 271100, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, Laiwu 271100, China.
| | - Zengtang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, Laiwu 271100, China.
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China.
| | - Jiamin Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, Laiwu 271100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Crystal structure of lipid phosphatase Escherichia coli phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:7636-40. [PMID: 24821770 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403097111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-integrated type II phosphatidic acid phosphatases (PAP2s) are important for numerous bacterial to human biological processes, including glucose transport, lipid metabolism, and signaling. Escherichia coli phosphatidylglycerol-phosphate phosphatase B (ecPgpB) catalyzes removing the terminal phosphate group from a lipid carrier, undecaprenyl pyrophosphate, and is essential for transport of many hydrophilic small molecules across the membrane. We determined the crystal structure of ecPgpB at a resolution of 3.2 Å. This structure shares a similar folding topology and a nearly identical active site with soluble PAP2 enzymes. However, the substrate binding mechanism appears to be fundamentally different from that in soluble PAP2 enzymes. In ecPgpB, the potential substrate entrance to the active site is located in a cleft formed by a V-shaped transmembrane helix pair, allowing lateral movement of the lipid substrate entering the active site from the membrane lipid bilayer. Activity assays of point mutations confirmed the importance of the catalytic residues and potential residues involved in phosphate binding. The structure also suggests an induced-fit mechanism for the substrate binding. The 3D structure of ecPgpB serves as a prototype to study eukaryotic PAP2 enzymes, including human glucose-6-phosphatase, a key enzyme in the homeostatic regulation of blood glucose concentrations.
Collapse
|
30
|
Potentials of the Circulating Pruritogenic Mediator Lysophosphatidic Acid in Development of Allergic Skin Inflammation in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1593-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
31
|
Motiejūnaitė R, Aranda J, Kazlauskas A. Pericytes prevent regression of endothelial cell tubes by accelerating metabolism of lysophosphatidic acid. Microvasc Res 2014; 93:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
32
|
Perrakis A, Moolenaar WH. Autotaxin: structure-function and signaling. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1010-8. [PMID: 24548887 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r046391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX), or ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2, is a secreted lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) that hydrolyzes extracellular lysophospholipids into the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a ligand for specific G protein-coupled receptors. ATX-LPA signaling is essential for development and has been implicated in a great diversity of (patho)physiological processes, ranging from lymphocyte homing to tumor progression. Structural and functional studies have revealed what makes ATX a unique lysoPLD, and how secreted ATX binds to its target cells. The ATX catalytic domain shows a characteristic bimetallic active site followed by a shallow binding groove that can accommodate nucleotides as well as the glycerol moiety of lysophospholipids, and by a deep lipid-binding pocket. In addition, the catalytic domain has an open tunnel of unknown function adjacent to the active site. Here, we discuss our current understanding of ATX structure-function relationships and signaling mechanisms, and how ATX isoforms use distinct mechanisms to target LPA production to the plasma membrane, notably binding to integrins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. We also briefly discuss the development of drug-like inhibitors of ATX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassis Perrakis
- Divisions of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Moolenaar
- Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Smyth SS, Mueller P, Yang F, Brandon JA, Morris AJ. Arguing the case for the autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid-lipid phosphate phosphatase 3-signaling nexus in the development and complications of atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:479-86. [PMID: 24482375 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The structurally simple glycero- and sphingo-phospholipids, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate, serve as important receptor-active mediators that influence blood and vascular cell function and are positioned to influence the events that contribute to the progression and complications of atherosclerosis. Growing evidence from preclinical animal models has implicated LPA, LPA receptors, and key enzymes involved in LPA metabolism in pathophysiologic events that may underlie atherosclerotic vascular disease. These observations are supported by genetic analysis in humans implicating a lipid phosphate phosphatase as a novel risk factor for coronary artery disease. In this review, we summarize current understanding of LPA production, metabolism, and signaling as may be relevant for atherosclerotic and other vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Smyth
- From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cardiovascular Medicine Service, Lexington, KY (S.S.S., A.J.M.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (S.S.S., P.M., F.Y., J.A.B., A.J.M.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ile KE, Renault AD. Compartmentalizing the embryo: lipids and septate junction mediated barrier function. Fly (Austin) 2012; 7:18-22. [PMID: 23221483 PMCID: PMC3660746 DOI: 10.4161/fly.22938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are a class of enzymes that can dephosphorylate a number of lysophopholipids in vitro. Analysis of knockouts of LPP family members has demonstrated striking but diverse developmental roles for these enzymes. LPP3 is required for mouse vascular development while the Drosophila LPPs Wunen (Wun) and Wunen2 (Wun2) are required during embryogenesis for germ cell migration and survival. In a recent publication we examined if these fly LPPs have further developmental roles and found that Wun is required for proper tracheal formation. In particular we highlight a role for Wun in septate junction mediated barrier function in the tracheal system. In this paper we discuss further the possible mechanisms by which LPPs may influence barrier activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Ile
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Panchatcharam M, Miriyala S, Salous A, Wheeler J, Dong A, Mueller P, Sunkara M, Escalante-Alcalde D, Morris AJ, Smyth SS. Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 negatively regulates smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation to limit intimal hyperplasia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 33:52-9. [PMID: 23104851 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3) degrades bioactive lysophospholipids, including lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate, and thereby terminates their signaling effects. Although emerging evidence links lysophosphatidic acid to atherosclerosis and vascular injury responses, little is known about the role of vascular LPP3. The goal of this study was to determine the role of LPP3 in the development of vascular neointima formation and smooth muscle cells (SMC) responses. METHODS AND RESULTS We report that LPP3 is expressed in vascular SMC after experimental arterial injury. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we establish that a major function of LPP3 in isolated SMC cells is to attenuate proliferation (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) activity, Rho activation, and migration in response to serum and lysophosphatidic acid. These effects are at least partially a consequence of LPP3-catalyzed lysophosphatidic acid hydrolysis. Mice with selective inactivation of LPP3 in SMC display an exaggerated neointimal response to injury. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that LPP3 serves as an intrinsic negative regulator of SMC phenotypic modulation and inflammation after vascular injury, in part, by regulating lysophospholipid signaling. These findings may provide a mechanistic link to explain the association between a PPAP2B polymorphism and coronary artery disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Panchatcharam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, 255 BBRSB, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Successful clinical outcomes from transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) depend upon efficient HSC homing to bone marrow (BM), subsequent engraftment, and, finally, BM repopulation. Homing of intravenously administered HSCs from peripheral blood (PB) through the circulation to the BM stem cell niches, which is the first critical step that precedes their engraftment, is enforced by chemotactic factors released in the BM microenvironment that chemoattract HSCs. These chemotactic factors include α-chemokine stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), the bioactive phosphosphingolipids sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramid-1-phosphate (C1P), and the extracellular nucleotides ATP and UTP. Stem cells may also respond to a Ca2+ or H+ gradient by employing calcium- or proton-sensing receptors, respectively. In this review, we will present emerging strategies based on ex vivo manipulation of graft HSCs that are aimed at enhancing the responsiveness of HSCs to BM-secreted chemoattractants and/or promoting HSC adhesion and seeding efficiency in the BM microenvironment.
Collapse
|