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Wang M, Li C, Liu Y, Jin Y, Yu Y, Tan X, Zhang C. The effect of macrophages and their exosomes in ischemic heart disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1402468. [PMID: 38799471 PMCID: PMC11116575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1402468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide, with immune regulation playing a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Various immune cells are involved, and as one of the key immune cells residing in the heart, macrophages play an indispensable role in the inflammatory and reparative processes during cardiac ischemia. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles containing lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, and other bioactive molecules, have emerged as important mediators in the regulatory functions of macrophages and hold promise as a novel therapeutic target for IHD. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of different subsets of macrophages and their secreted exosomes during cardiac ischemia over the past five years. It also discusses the current status of clinical research utilizing macrophages and their exosomes, as well as strategies to enhance their therapeutic efficacy through biotechnology. The aim is to provide valuable insights for the treatment of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuchang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Rihan M, Sharma SS. Cardioprotective potential of compound 3K, a selective PKM2 inhibitor in isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction: A mechanistic study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116905. [PMID: 38521371 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack arises from acute or chronic prolonged ischemic conditions in the myocardium. Although several risk factors are associated with MI pathophysiology, one of the risk factors is an imbalance in the oxygen supply. The current available MI therapies are still inadequate due to the complexity of MI pathophysiology. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been implicated in numerous CVDs pathologies. However, the effect of specific pharmacological intervention targeting PKM2 has not been studied in MI. Therefore, in this study, we explored the effect of compound 3K, a PKM2-specific inhibitor, in isoproterenol-induced acute MI model. In this study, in order to induce MI in rats, isoproterenol (ISO) was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg over two days at an interval of 24 h. Specific PKM2 inhibitor, compound 3K (2 and 4 mg/kg), was administered in MI rats to investigate its cardioprotective potential. After the last administration of compound 3K, ECG and hemodynamic parameters were recorded using a PV-loop system. Cardiac histology, western blotting, and plasmatic cardiac damage markers were evaluated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Treatment of compound 3K significantly reduced ISO-induced alterations in ECG, ventricular functions, cardiac damage, infarct size, and cardiac fibrosis. Compound 3K treatment produced significant increase in PKM1 expression and decrease in PKM2 expression. In addition, HIF-1α, caspase-3, c-Myc, and PTBP1 expression were also reduced after compound 3K treatment. This study demonstrates the cardioprotective potential of compound 3K in MI, and its mechanisms of cardioprotective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rihan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
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Wang M, Hu Y, Cai F, Qiu J, Mao Y, Zhang Y. HIF‑1 and macrophage activation signalling pathways are potential biomarkers of invasive aspergillosis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:86. [PMID: 38274338 PMCID: PMC10809359 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe disease, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine the molecular mechanism of IA and to identify potential biomarkers using bioinformatics analysis. The GSE78000 dataset, which includes data from patients with IA and healthy individuals, was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the IA and control groups were identified with the 'affy' package in R software. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were then used to analyse the function and pathway enrichment of DEGs. The protein-protein interaction network was analysed with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) website. In addition, DEGs were confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting in samples with IA (n=6) and control samples (n=6) collected from the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology (Luoyang, China). The present study identified 735 DEGs, including 312 upregulated and 423 downregulated genes. Through GO and KEGG analyses of the DEGs, macrophage activation and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signalling pathways were revealed to be significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in patients with IA compared with that of the healthy individuals. Subsequently, correlation analysis of macrophage activation and HIF-1 signalling pathways was revealed using correlation as a distance metric for hierarchical clustering correlation analysis. However, there was no protein-protein interaction between the macrophage activity regulation and HIF-1 signalling pathways based on STRING analysis. In summary, the present study identified candidate genes and associated molecules that may be associated to IA and revealed potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Jiayong Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yingmin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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Feng Y, Xu J, Lu J, Hou J, Wang L, Dong D, Wang X, Wang X, Wu X, Chen X. EgCF mediates macrophage polarisation by influencing the glycolytic pathway. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e101. [PMID: 38124668 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disorder triggered by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) and predominantly occurred in the liver and lungs. The M2 macrophage level is considerably elevated among the liver of patients with hepatic CE and performs an integral function in liver fibrosis. However, the mechanism of CE inducing polarisation of macrophage to an M2 phenotype is unknown. In this study, macrophage was treated with E. granulosus cyst fluid (EgCF) to explore the mechanism of macrophage polarisation. Consequently, the expression of the M2 macrophage and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines increased after 48 h treatment by EgCF. In addition, EgCF promoted polarisation of macrophage to an M2 phenotype by inhibiting the expression of transcriptional factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), which increased the expression of glycolysis-associated genes, including hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2). The HIF-1α agonist ML228 also inhibited the induction of macrophage to an M2 phenotype by EgCF in vitro. Our findings indicate that E. granulosus inhibits glycolysis by suppressing the expression of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junying Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junxia Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lianghai Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dan Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xian Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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5
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Zuo W, Sun R, Ji Z, Ma G. Macrophage-driven cardiac inflammation and healing: insights from homeostasis and myocardial infarction. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:81. [PMID: 37858035 PMCID: PMC10585879 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Early and prompt reperfusion therapy has markedly improved the survival rates among patients enduring myocardial infarction (MI). Nonetheless, the resulting adverse remodeling and the subsequent onset of heart failure remain formidable clinical management challenges and represent a primary cause of disability in MI patients worldwide. Macrophages play a crucial role in immune system regulation and wield a profound influence over the inflammatory repair process following MI, thereby dictating the degree of myocardial injury and the subsequent pathological remodeling. Despite numerous previous biological studies that established the classical polarization model for macrophages, classifying them as either M1 pro-inflammatory or M2 pro-reparative macrophages, this simplistic categorization falls short of meeting the precision medicine standards, hindering the translational advancement of clinical research. Recently, advances in single-cell sequencing technology have facilitated a more profound exploration of macrophage heterogeneity and plasticity, opening avenues for the development of targeted interventions to address macrophage-related factors in the aftermath of MI. In this review, we provide a summary of macrophage origins, tissue distribution, classification, and surface markers. Furthermore, we delve into the multifaceted roles of macrophages in maintaining cardiac homeostasis and regulating inflammation during the post-MI period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Renhua Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 66 South Renmin Road, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Zhenjun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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6
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Su M, Cui J, Zhao J, Fu X. Skimmin ameliorates cardiac function via the regulation of M2 macrophages in a myocardial infarction mouse model. Perfusion 2023; 38:1298-1307. [PMID: 35532100 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial infarction (MI) is a coronary artery disorder with several complications, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac fibrosis. The current study is aimed to explore the protective effect of skimmin (SKI) on impaired heart tissues in MI. METHODS A mouse model of MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. SKI was intragastric administration for 7 days after MI. Masson staining was then conducted to measure the area of fibrosis in the myocardium. The expression levels of collagen I and collagen III were analyzed using Western blot. The levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and inflammatory factor were also detected. The expression of M1 polarization markers and M2 polarization markers in mice and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Finally, the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro were analyzed using transwell and EDU, respectively. RESULTS SKI improved cardiac function and cardiac fibrosis in mice with MI. SKI also decreased collagen I and collagen III expression, and inhibited inflammatory factor TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. SKI decreased the levels of MDA and increased the levels of GSH and SOD. Meanwhile, SKI could promote M2 macrophage polarization in vivo and in vitro. SKI could also repress the migration and proliferation of VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS SKI may ameliorate inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac fibrosis of MI by promoting M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxia Su
- Department of Comprehensive Geriatric Health Care, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Qingzhou, China
| | - Jingming Cui
- Office of Returning Visit, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Qingzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Comprehensive Geriatric Health Care, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Qingzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
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Wang Z, Wang Z. The role of macrophages polarization in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209438. [PMID: 37691951 PMCID: PMC10483837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis presents as a severe infectious disease frequently documented in clinical settings. Characterized by its systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis has the potential to trigger multi-organ dysfunction and can escalate to becoming life-threatening. A common fallout from sepsis is acute lung injury (ALI), which often progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Macrophages, due to their significant role in the immune system, are receiving increased attention in clinical studies. Macrophage polarization is a process that hinges on an intricate regulatory network influenced by a myriad of signaling molecules, transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, and metabolic reprogramming. In this review, our primary focus is on the classically activated macrophages (M1-like) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2-like) as the two paramount phenotypes instrumental in sepsis' host immune response. An imbalance between M1-like and M2-like macrophages can precipitate the onset and exacerbate the progression of sepsis. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between macrophage polarization and sepsis-induced acute lung injury (SALI) and elaborates on the intervention strategy that centers around the crucial process of macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhong Wang
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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8
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Li M, Yang Y, Xiong L, Jiang P, Wang J, Li C. Metabolism, metabolites, and macrophages in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:80. [PMID: 37491279 PMCID: PMC10367370 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial components of the tumour microenvironment and play a significant role in tumour development and drug resistance by creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Macrophages are essential components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems and contribute to pathogen resistance and the regulation of organism homeostasis. Macrophage function and polarization are closely linked to altered metabolism. Generally, M1 macrophages rely primarily on aerobic glycolysis, whereas M2 macrophages depend on oxidative metabolism. Metabolic studies have revealed that the metabolic signature of TAMs and metabolites in the tumour microenvironment regulate the function and polarization of TAMs. However, the precise effects of metabolic reprogramming on tumours and TAMs remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the impact of metabolic pathways on macrophage function and polarization as well as potential strategies for reprogramming macrophage metabolism in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liting Xiong
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Wu H, Xiong X, CUI X, Xiong J, Zhang Y, Xiang L, Xu TAO. Analysis of the influence of pyroptosis-related genes on molecular characteristics in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33620. [PMID: 37083810 PMCID: PMC10118340 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a newly identified mode of programmed cell death, but the potential role in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to identify differentially expressed genes from peripheral blood transcriptome data between normal subjects and patients with AMI which were downloaded by the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Comparing Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) training algorithms were used to identify pyroptosis-related genes, predicting patients with AMI by nomogram based on informative genes. Moreover, clustering was used to amplify the feature of pyroptosis, in order to facilitate analysis distinct biological differences. Diversity analysis indicated that a majority of pyroptosis-related genes are expressed at higher levels in patients with AMI. The receiver operating characteristic curves show that the RF model is more responsive than the SVM machine learning model to the pyroptosis characteristics of these patients in vivo. We obtained a column line graph diagnostic model which was developed based on 19 genes established by the RF model. After the consensus clustering algorithm of single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Enrichment Analysis, the results for them found that pyroptosis-related genes mediate the activation of multiple immune cells and many inflammatory pathways in the body. We used RF and SVM algorithms to determine 19 pyroptosis-related genes and evaluate their immunological effects in patients with AMI. We also constructed a series of by nomogram related to pyroptosis-related genes to predict the risk of developing AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Xiong
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xueying CUI
- Qingyun County People’s Hospital, Qingyun, Shandong, China
| | - Jianlong Xiong
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Liubo Xiang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - TAO Xu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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10
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Teng L, Li Z, Shi Y, Gao Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Bi L. Development and validation of a microenvironment-related prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma patients based on histone deacetylase family. Transl Oncol 2022; 26:101547. [PMID: 36191460 PMCID: PMC9531286 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase (HDAC) family can remove acetyl groups from histone lysine residues, and their high expression is closely related to the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Recently, it has been reported to play an immunosuppressive role in the microenvironment, but little is known about the mechanism. METHODS Through machine learning, we trained and verified the prognostic model composed of HDACs. CIBERSORT was used to calculate the percentage of immune cells in the microenvironment. Based on co-expression network, potential targets of HDACs were screened. After that, qRT-PCR was employed to evaluate the expression of downstream genes of HDACs, while HPLC-CAD analysis was applied to detect the concentration of arachidonic acid (AA). Finally, Flow cytometry, WB and IHC experiments were used to detect CD86 expression in RAW246.7. RESULTS We constructed a great prognostic model composed of HDAC1 and HDAC11 that was significantly associated with overall survival. These HDACs were related to the abundance of macrophages, which might be attributed to their regulation of fatty-acid-metabolism related genes. In vitro experiments, the mRNA expression of ACSM2A, ADH1B, CYP2C8, CYP4F2 and SLC27A5 in HCC-LM3 was significantly down-regulated, and specific inhibitors of HDAC1 and HDAC11 significantly promoted the expression of these genes. HDAC inhibitors can promote the metabolism of AA, which may relieve the effect of AA on the polarization of M1 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the blocking effect of HDAC1 and HDAC11 on the polarization of macrophages M1 in the microenvironment by inhibiting fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxin Teng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- College of Health Economics Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yipeng Shi
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zihan Gao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Lei Bi
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China.
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11
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Panax notoginseng saponins alleviates inflammation induced by microglial activation and protects against ischemic brain injury via inhibiting HIF-1α/PKM2/STAT3 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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12
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Rihan M, Sharma SS. Role of Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:382-402. [PMID: 36178660 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world's leading cause of death, accounting for 32% of all fatalities. Although therapeutic agents are available for CVDs, however, most of them have significant limitations such as the time-dependency effect, hypotension, and bradycardia. To overcome the limitations of current pharmacological therapies, new molecular targets and pathways need to be identified and investigated to provide better treatment options for CVDs. Recent evidence suggested the involvement of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and targeting PKM2 by its modulators (inhibitors and activators) has shown promising results in several CVDs. PKM2 regulates gene activation in the context of apoptosis, mitosis, hypoxia, inflammation, and metabolic reprogramming. PKM2 modulators might have a significant impact on the molecular pathways involved in CVD pathogenesis. Therefore, PKM2 modulators can be one of the therapeutic options for CVDs. This review provides an insight into PKM2 involvement in various CVDs along with their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rihan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
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Alquraishi M, Chahed S, Alani D, Puckett DL, Dowker PD, Hubbard K, Zhao Y, Kim JY, Nodit L, Fatima H, Donohoe D, Voy B, Chowanadisai W, Bettaieb A. Podocyte specific deletion of PKM2 ameliorates LPS-induced podocyte injury through beta-catenin. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:76. [PMID: 35637461 PMCID: PMC9150347 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with a severe decline in kidney function caused by abnormalities within the podocytes' glomerular matrix. Recently, AKI has been linked to alterations in glycolysis and the activity of glycolytic enzymes, including pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). However, the contribution of this enzyme to AKI remains largely unexplored. METHODS Cre-loxP technology was used to examine the effects of PKM2 specific deletion in podocytes on the activation status of key signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of AKI by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In addition, we used lentiviral shRNA to generate murine podocytes deficient in PKM2 and investigated the molecular mechanisms mediating PKM2 actions in vitro. RESULTS Specific PKM2 deletion in podocytes ameliorated LPS-induced protein excretion and alleviated LPS-induced alterations in blood urea nitrogen and serum albumin levels. In addition, PKM2 deletion in podocytes alleviated LPS-induced structural and morphological alterations to the tubules and to the brush borders. At the molecular level, PKM2 deficiency in podocytes suppressed LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis. In vitro, PKM2 knockdown in murine podocytes diminished LPS-induced apoptosis. These effects were concomitant with a reduction in LPS-induced activation of β-catenin and the loss of Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1) and nephrin. Notably, the overexpression of a constitutively active mutant of β-catenin abolished the protective effect of PKM2 knockdown. Conversely, PKM2 knockdown cells reconstituted with the phosphotyrosine binding-deficient PKM2 mutant (K433E) recapitulated the effect of PKM2 depletion on LPS-induced apoptosis, β-catenin activation, and reduction in WT1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrates that PKM2 plays a key role in podocyte injury and suggests that targetting PKM2 in podocytes could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alquraishi
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
- Present Address: Department of Community Health Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Chahed
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
| | - Dina Alani
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
| | - Dexter L. Puckett
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
| | - Presley D. Dowker
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
| | - Katelin Hubbard
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
- Present Address: Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
| | - Laurentia Nodit
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA
| | - Huma Fatima
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Dallas Donohoe
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
| | - Brynn Voy
- Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
| | - Winyoo Chowanadisai
- Department of Nutrition, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840 USA
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14
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Huang S, Li Z, Jiang S, Xu M. Metabolomic study on the protective effect of isoorientin against myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 598:81-88. [PMID: 35151208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction has become one of the largest threats to human life. Myocardial ischemia and hypoxia caused by myocardial infarction are important causes of myocardial cell injury. Compared with chemical drugs, botanical drugs that are natural antioxidants have relatively few toxic side effects. Isoorientin (ISO), a C-glucosyl flavone with a chemical nomenclature, exists in the human diet and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in other diseases. However, its role in myocardial infarction has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of ISO administration on cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction, on ROS levels in H9C2 myocardial cells after hypoxia in vitro, and on metabolomic changes in mice after myocardial infarction. We found that ISO improved cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction and inhibited hypoxia-induced oxidative stress injury in H9C2 cells in vitro. We also found through metabolomic analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis that ISO significantly changed metabolic pathways in mice after myocardial infarction, including histidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, renin secretion and other pathways. These results lay a foundation for further exploration of the protective effect of ISO against myocardial infarction and the development of related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoman Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Zexiong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Shaoru Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Mingwei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Jieyang, 522000, China.
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15
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Shi S, Zhang B, Li Y, Xu X, Lv J, Jia Q, Chai R, Xue W, Li Y, Wang Y, Wu H, Song Q, Hu Y. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: An Emerging Link in the Pathophysiology of Cardiorenal Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:837270. [PMID: 35282359 PMCID: PMC8914047 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.837270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the heart and kidney is carried out through various bidirectional pathways. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a pathological condition in which acute or chronic dysfunction in the heart or kidneys induces acute or chronic dysfunction of the other organ. Complex hemodynamic factors and biochemical and hormonal pathways contribute to the development of CRS. In addition to playing a critical role in generating metabolic energy in eukaryotic cells and serving as signaling hubs during several vital processes, mitochondria rapidly sense and respond to a wide range of stress stimuli in the external environment. Impaired adaptive responses ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, inducing cell death and tissue damage. Subsequently, these changes result in organ failure and trigger a vicious cycle. In vitro and animal studies have identified an important role of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis may be a promising therapeutic strategy to interrupt the vicious cycle between HF and acute kidney injury (AKI)/CKD. In this review, we hypothesize that mitochondrial dysfunction may also play a central role in the development and progression of CRS. We first focus on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of HF and AKI/CKD, then discuss the current research evidence supporting that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in various types of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingxuan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Lv
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiulei Jia
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoning Chai
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Xue
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yajiao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huaqin Wu
| | - Qingqiao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qingqiao Song
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yuanhui Hu
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16
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Wang C, Ma C, Gong L, Guo Y, Fu K, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Li Y. Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 12:803037. [PMID: 34970275 PMCID: PMC8712501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.803037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable heterogeneity and polarization. Under pathological conditions, in addition to the resident macrophages, other macrophages are also recruited to the diseased tissues, and polarize to various phenotypes (mainly M1 and M2) under the stimulation of various factors in the microenvironment, thus playing different roles and functions. Liver diseases are hepatic pathological changes caused by a variety of pathogenic factors (viruses, alcohol, drugs, etc.), including acute liver injury, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies have shown that macrophage polarization plays an important role in the initiation and development of liver diseases. However, because both macrophage polarization and the pathogenesis of liver diseases are complex, the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in liver diseases need to be further clarified. Therefore, the origin of hepatic macrophages, and the phenotypes and mechanisms of macrophage polarization are reviewed first in this paper. It is found that macrophage polarization involves several molecular mechanisms, mainly including TLR4/NF-κB, JAK/STATs, TGF-β/Smads, PPARγ, Notch, and miRNA signaling pathways. In addition, this paper also expounds the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in various liver diseases, which aims to provide references for further research of macrophage polarization in liver diseases, contributing to the therapeutic strategy of ameliorating liver diseases by modulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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17
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Feng Y, Li X, Wang J, Huang X, Meng L, Huang J. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) improve symptoms of post-ischemic stroke depression by activating VEGF to mediate the MAPK/ERK pathway. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2450. [PMID: 34898024 PMCID: PMC8785619 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and identify the effects and explore the mechanisms of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) on stroke-induced post stroke depression (PSD). METHODS Rats were separated into six different groups, including sham + saline, Stroke + saline, PSD + saline, PSD + recombinant pyruvate kinase M2 (rPKM2) (112 ng/kg), PSD + rPKM2 (224 ng/kg), and PSD + rPKM2 (224 ng/kg) + bevacizumab. Then, the body weight, sucrose preference rate, immobility time, horizontal movement, and vertical movement were determined to evaluate the effect of PKM2 on improving the depressive behavior of PSD rats. Subsequently, the proliferation of oligodendrocytes in subventricular zone (SVZ) of rats in each group was examined by western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were also detected by qPCR and ELISA to verify the anti-inflammatory effects of PKM2 on PSD rats. In addition, the protein expression levels of MDA, LDH, and NO were tested to reveal that PKM2 can reduce oxidative stress in PSD rats. The western blot and IHC assays were employed to examine the protein expression levels of VEGF, PKM2, and ERK in PSD rats. RESULTS In this study, the results showed that PKM2 can improve the depressive behavior and proliferation of oligodendrocytes in PSD rats. In addition, PKM2 has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects on PSD rats. Meanwhile, PKM2 activated the expression level of VEGF/MAPK/ERK pathway. CONCLUSION PKM2 improves symptoms of post-ischemic stroke depression by activating VEGF-mediated MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xuebin Li
- Department of Neurology, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise City, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Lanqing Meng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jianmin Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, Guangxi Province, China
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18
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Protocatechuic aldehyde protects cardiomycoytes against ischemic injury via regulation of nuclear pyruvate kinase M2. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3553-3566. [PMID: 34900536 PMCID: PMC8642444 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rescuing cells from stress damage emerges a potential therapeutic strategy to combat myocardial infarction. Protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA) is a major phenolic acid in Chinese herb Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza root). This study investigated whether PCA regulated nuclear pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) function to protect cardiomyocytes. In rats subjected to isoprenaline, PCA attenuated heart injury and protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Through DARTS and CETSA assays, we identified that PCA bound and promoted PKM2 nuclear translocation in cardiomyocytes exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). In the nucleus, PCA increased the binding of PKM2 to β-catenin via preserving PKM2 acetylation, and the complex, in cooperation with T-cell factor 4 (TCF4), was required for transcriptional induction of genes encoding anti-apoptotic proteins, contributing to rescuing cardiomyocyte survival. In addition, PCA ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and prevented mitochondrial apoptosis dependent on PKM2. Consistently, PCA increased the binding of PKM2 to β-catenin, improved heart contractive function, normalized heart structure and attenuated oxidative damage in mice subjected to artery ligation, but the protective effects were lost in Pkm2-deficient heart. Together, we showed that PCA regulated nuclear PKM2 function to rescue cardiomyocyte survival via β-catenin/TCF4 signaling cascade, suggesting the potential of pharmacological intervention of PKM2 shuttle to protect the heart.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- CETSA, cellular thermal shift assay
- CK-MB, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB
- DARTS, drug affinity responsive target stability
- Heart ischemia
- ISO, isoprenaline
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- Mitochondrial damage
- Myocardial infarction
- NRVMs, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes
- Nuclear translocation
- OGD, oxygen and glucose deprivation
- PCA, protocatechuic aldehyde
- PKM2
- PKM2, pyruvate kinase isoform M2
- Protocatechuic aldehyde
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TCF4
- TCF4, T-cell factor 4
- TUNEL, deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
- β-Catenin
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19
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Li Y, Tan J, Miao Y, Zhang Q. MicroRNA in extracellular vesicles regulates inflammation through macrophages under hypoxia. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:285. [PMID: 34635652 PMCID: PMC8505641 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV), critical mediators of cell-cell communication, allow cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material and therefore profoundly affect the general homeostasis. A hypoxic environment can affect the biogenesis and secrete of EVs, and the cargoes carried can participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In hypoxia-induced inflammation, microRNA(miRNA) in EV participates in transcriptional regulation through various pathways to promote or reduce the inflammatory response. Meanwhile, as an important factor of immune response, the polarization of macrophages is closely linked to miRNAs, which will eventually affect the inflammatory state. In this review, we outline the possible molecular mechanism of EV changes under hypoxia, focusing on the signaling pathways of several microRNAs involved in inflammation regulation and describing the process and mechanism of EV-miRNAs regulating macrophage polarization in hypoxic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052 Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Tan
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Medical University, 300052 Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052 Tianjin, China
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20
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Yao W, Ba Q, Wang H. Effects of Cadmium Exposure on the Immune System and Immunoregulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695484. [PMID: 34354707 PMCID: PMC8330548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a biologically non-essential heavy metal, is widespread in the environment, including the air, water, and soil, and is widely present in foods and quantum dot preparations. Cd enters the body primarily through inhalation and ingestion. Its biological half-life in humans is 10-35 years; therefore, Cd poses long-term health risks. While most studies on Cd toxicity have focused on organ and tissue damage, the immunotoxicity of Cd has drawn increasing attention recently. Cd accumulates in immune cells, modulates the function of the immune system, triggers immunological responses, and leads to diverse health problems. Cd acts as an immunotoxic agent by regulating the activity and apoptosis of immune cells, altering the secretion of immune cytokines, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, changing the frequency of T lymphocyte subsets, and altering the production of selective antibodies in immune cells. This review summarizes the immunological toxicity of Cd, elucidates the mechanisms underlying Cd toxicity in terms of innate immunity and adaptive immunity, and discusses potential strategies to alleviate the adverse effects of Cd on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Yuan J, Wang JM, Li ZW, Zhang CS, Cheng B, Yang SH, Liu BT, Zhu LJ, Cai DJ, Yu SG. Full-length transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of acupuncture at PC6 improves cardiac function in myocardial ischemia model. Chin Med 2021; 16:55. [PMID: 34238326 PMCID: PMC8268520 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathological process of myocardial ischemia (MI) is very complicated. Acupuncture at PC6 has been proved to be effective against MI injury, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the mechanism that underlies the effect of acupuncture on MI through full-length transcriptome. Methods Adult male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into control, MI, and PC6 groups. Mice in MI and PC6 group generated MI model by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The samples were collected 5 days after acupuncture treatment. Results The results showed that treatment by acupuncture improved cardiac function, decreased myocardial infraction area, and reduced the levels of cTnT and cTnI. Based on full-length transcriptome sequencing, 5083 differential expression genes (DEGs) and 324 DEGs were identified in the MI group and PC6 group, respectively. These genes regulated by acupuncture were mainly enriched in the inflammatory response pathway. Alternative splicing (AS) is a post-transcriptional action that contributes to the diversity of protein. In all samples, 8237 AS events associated with 1994 genes were found. Some differential AS-involved genes were enriched in the pathway related to heart disease. We also identified 602 new genes, 4 of which may the novel targets of acupuncture in MI. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the effect of acupuncture on MI may be based on the multi-level regulation of the transcriptome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00465-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun-Meng Wang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Shun Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Su-Hao Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bai-Tong Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ding-Jun Cai
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Shu-Guang Yu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan Province, China.
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22
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Pei L, Le Y, Chen H, Feng J, Liu Z, Zhu J, Wang C, Chen L, Dou X, Lu D. Cynaroside prevents macrophage polarization into pro-inflammatory phenotype and alleviates cecal ligation and puncture-induced liver injury by targeting PKM2/HIF-1α axis. Fitoterapia 2021; 152:104922. [PMID: 33984439 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of sepsis is still challenging and the liver is an important target of sepsis-related injury. Macrophages are important innate immune cells in liver, and modulation of macrophages M1/M2 polarization may be a promising strategy for septic liver injury treatment. Macrophage polarization and inflammation of liver tissue has been shown regulated by pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)-mediated aerobic glycolysis and immune inflammatory pathways. Therefore, modulating PKM2-mediated immunometabolic reprogramming presents a novel strategy for inflammation-associated diseases. In this study, cynaroside, a flavonoid compound, promoted macrophage phenotypic transition from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2, and mitigated sepsis-associated liver inflammatory damage. We established that cynaroside reduced binding of PKM2 to hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) by abolishing translocation of PKM2 to the nucleus and promoting PKM2 tetramer formation, as well as suppressing phosphorylation of PKM2 at Y105 in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, cynaroside restored pyruvate kinase activity, inhibited glycolysis-related proteins including PFKFB3, HK2 and HIF-1α, and inhibited glycolysis-related hyperacetylation of HMGB1 in septic liver. Therefore, this study reports a novel function of cynaroside in hepatic macrophage polarization, and cecum ligation and puncture-induced liver injury in septic mice. The findings provide crucial information with regard to therapeutic efficacy of cynaroside in the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhua Pei
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Le
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiafan Feng
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 330106 Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dezhao Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, China.
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Ding H, Wang JJ, Zhang XY, Yin L, Feng T. Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide Antagonizes LPS-Induced Inflammation by Altering the Glycolysis and Differentiation of Macrophages by Triggering the Degradation of PKM2. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 44:379-388. [PMID: 33390389 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation is the leading cause of multiple organ failure in sepsis. Pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) is a protein kinase and transcriptional coactivator that plays an important role in glycolysis. Recent studies have confirmed that glycolysis maintains the M1 differentiation and induces immune activation in macrophages. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), the main bioactive component of Chinese wolfberry, suppresses glycolysis and inflammation. Here, RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with LBP for evaluating its effects against LPS-induced inflammation. The differentiation of M1/M2 macrophages was assessed by flow cytometry for assessing the cell surface markers, CD86 and CD206. The enrichment of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and ubiquitin in the PKM2 protein complex was determined by co-immunoprecipitation. LBP suppressed LPS-induced glycolysis, differentiation of M1 macrophages, and the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and high mobility group (HMG) 1 proteins. The suppressive effects of LBP were similar to those of PKM2 knockdown, but were abolished by the overexpression of PKM2. LPS elevated the mRNA and protein levels of PKM2. LBP reduced the LPS-induced expression of PKM2 protein, but had no effects on the expression of PKM2 mRNA. LPS inhibited the ubiquitination of PKM2, probably by downregulating the expression of ubiquitin ligases, including Nedd4L, Nedd4, and Gnb2. LBP interfered with the inhibition of PKM2 ubiquitination by upregulating the expression of Nedd4L, Nedd4, and Gnb2. In conclusion, LBP suppressed the LPS-induced inflammation by altering glycolysis and the M1 differentiation of macrophages. The effects of LBP were mediated by the downregulation of PKM2 via enhanced ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ding
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Department of Critical Care Unit, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Coronary Care Unit (CCU), Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Xiao-Ya Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Department of Critical Care Unit, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Lei Yin
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Department of Critical Care Unit, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Tao Feng
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Department of Critical Care Unit, Ningxia Third Hospital
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24
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Lu S, Tian Y, Luo Y, Xu X, Ge W, Sun G, Sun X. Iminostilbene, a novel small-molecule modulator of PKM2, suppresses macrophage inflammation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Adv Res 2020; 29:83-94. [PMID: 33842007 PMCID: PMC8020153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation is a key factor in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Targeting leucocyte-mediated inflammation is an important strategy for MI/R therapy. Iminostilbene (ISB), a simple dibenzoazepine small molecule compound, has a strong anti-neurodegenerative effect. However, no study has shown the cardioprotective effect of ISB. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the role of ISB against MI/R injury and identify its molecular target. Methods To verify the cardiac protection of ISB in vivo and in vitro, we performed rat MI/R surgery and subjected inflammatory modeling of macrophages. In terms of molecular mechanisms, we designed and synthesized a small molecular probe of ISB and employed it on the click chemistry-activity-based protein profiling technique to fish for ISB targets in macrophages. To identify the target, we applied the competitive inhibition assay, surface-plasmon resonance (SPR), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay. Results In vivo, ISB showed robust anti-myocardial injury activity by improving cardiac function, reducing myocardial infarction, and inhibiting macrophage-mediated inflammation. In vitro, ISB strongly inhibited the transcription and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. The pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) was identified as the potential target of ISB through proteomic analysis and the competitive assay was performed for specific binding verification. Further thermodynamic and kinetic experiments showed that ISB was bound to PKM2 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in terms of the biological function of ISB on PKM2, ISB reduced the expression of PKM2, thereby reducing the expression of HIF1α and the phosphorylation of STAT3. Conclusion This study for the first time demonstrated that ISB targeted PKM2 to reduce macrophage inflammation thereby significantly alleviating MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glyeolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glyeolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glyeolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glyeolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Wenxiu Ge
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glyeolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glyeolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
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25
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Yu Y, Cai W, Zhou J, Lu H, Wang Y, Song Y, He R, Pei F, Wang X, Zhang R, Liu H, Wei F. Anti-arthritis effect of berberine associated with regulating energy metabolism of macrophages through AMPK/ HIF-1α pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106830. [PMID: 32738596 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is the effective constituent of Cortex phellodendri and was characterized as an excellent anti-microbial agent with significant anti-inflammatory effects. Previously, we had demonstrated that BBR alleviated the inflammatory response in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats by regulating polarization of macrophages. However, the exact mechanics by which BBR regulates macrophage polarization remained unclear. Here, we showed that BBR treatment had little influence on total number of macrophages in joints of AA rats, but increased the proportion of M2 macrophages and decreased the proportion of M1 macrophages. Meanwhile, we found BBR up-regulated the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation (p-AMPK) and down-regulated the expression of Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in synovial macrophages of AA rats. In vitro, using LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages from normal rats, we also verified that pretreatment with BBR promoted transition from M1 to M2 by up-regulating the expression of p-AMPK and suppressing the expression of HIF-1α. Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) could abrogate the inhibition of BBR on migration of macrophages. Glycolysis of M1 suppressed by BBR through decreasing lactate export, glucose consumption, and increasing intracellular ATP content, which was remarkably reversed by Compound C. These findings indicated that anti-arthritis effect of BBR is associated with regulating energy metabolism of macrophages through AMPK/HIF-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, No.2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, No.2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, No.2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Huaqiu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, No.2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, No.2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Yining Song
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, No.2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Rui He
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, No.2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Feilong Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, No.2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, No.2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Renhao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, No.2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, No.2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China; Anhui BBCA Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, No.6288, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, No.2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China; Anhui BBCA Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, No.6288, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, No.3, Feixi Rode, Hefei 230039, Anhui, China.
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26
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Wang Y, Fu M, Wang J, Zhang J, Han X, Song Y, Fan Y, Hu K, Zhou J, Ge J. Qiliqiangxin Improves Cardiac Function through Regulating Energy Metabolism via HIF-1 α-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms in Heart Failure Rats after Acute Myocardial Infarction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1276195. [PMID: 32626732 PMCID: PMC7306086 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1276195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study is aimed at investigating whether Qiliqiangxin (QL) could regulate myocardial energy metabolism in heart failure rats after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and further exploring the underlying mechanisms. AMI was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in adult male SD rats. AMI rats with ejection fraction (EF) < 50% at two weeks after the operation were chosen as heart failure rats for the main study. Rats were randomized into the sham, MI, MI+QL, and MI+QL+2-MeOE2 groups. The results showed that compared with the MI group, QL significantly improved cardiac function, reduced serum NT-proBNP level, and alleviated myocardial fibrosis. QL also increased myocardial capillary density by upregulated protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 by regulating the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Moreover, QL promoted ATP production, glucose uptake, and glycolysis by upregulating HIF-1α and a series of glycolysis-relevant enzymes in a HIF-1α-dependent manner. QL also improved myocardial glucose oxidation enzyme expression and free fatty acid uptake by a HIF-1α-independent pathway. Our results indicate that QL treatment improves cardiac function through regulating glucose uptake, FFA uptake, and key enzymes of energy metabolism via HIF-1α-dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqiang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zoucheng Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xueting Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyuan Fan
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Zhao XL, Yu L, Zhang SD, Ping K, Ni HY, Qin XY, Zhao CJ, Wang W, Efferth T, Fu YJ. Cryptochlorogenic acid attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress via upregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106436. [PMID: 32234671 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids are found in natural plants, such as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and chlorogenic acid. They have long been used as pharmacological actives, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA) is a special isomer of chlorogenic acid; the pharmacological effects and related molecular mechanisms of CCGA have been poorly reported. In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of CCGA in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results revealed that CCGA dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 and blocked iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expressions. CCGA also significantly increased the GSH/GSSG ratio and SOD activity and reduced the MDA level. Moreover, CCGA suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by hindering the phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) and degrading IκB. It also downregulated the phosphorylation of MAPKs. Our results indicated that CCGA significantly inhibited NF-κB activation by controlling the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and promoting the nuclear transfer of Nrf2. In conclusion, CCGA could attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory symptoms by modulating NF-κB/MAPK signaling cascades and inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress via Nrf2 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Liang Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sun-Dong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kou Ping
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai-Yan Ni
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Qin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chun-Jian Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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28
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Cheng Y, Luo D, Zhao Y, Rong J. N-Propargyl caffeate amide (PACA) prevents cardiac fibrosis in experimental myocardial infarction by promoting pro-resolving macrophage polarization. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5384-5398. [PMID: 32203054 PMCID: PMC7138579 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages control the initiation and resolution of cardiac fibrosis in post-infarction cardiac remodeling. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether N-propargyl caffeate amide (PACA) could suppress myocardial fibrosis via regulating macrophage polarization. By using rat model of isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis, we discovered that PACA could reduce cardiac fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner. To elucidate the anti-fibrotic mechanisms, we examined whether PACA affected pro-inflammatory M1 and pro-resolving macrophage biomarkers in macrophage polarization. As result, PACA reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory M1 biomarkers (e.g., iNOS, TNF-α, CXCL10, IL-6, CCL2 and CD80) while increased the expression of pro-resolving M2a biomarkers (e.g., IL-10, arginase-1, FZZ1, YM-1 and CD163) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. PACA also suppressed the elevation of M1 biomarker ED1 in the early phase but up-regulated the expression of pro-resolving biomarker ED2 in the later phase. Moreover, PACA reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic TGF-β1 and PDGF-α while maintained or even increased the production of pro-apoptotic MMP-13, MMP-9 and TRAIL. Importantly, mechanistic studies revealed that PACA might promote the switch of macrophage polarization towards a pro-resolving macrophage phenotype via activating PPAR-γ pathway. Taken together, this study suggested that PACA might be a drug candidate for preventing cardiac fibrosis in myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingke Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianhui Rong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
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29
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Zhang J, Wang M, Ye J, Liu J, Xu Y, Wang Z, Ye D, Zhao M, Wan J. The Anti-inflammatory Mediator Resolvin E1 Protects Mice Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Heart Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:203. [PMID: 32256344 PMCID: PMC7094758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a common severe complication of sepsis that contributes to mortality. SIC is closely associated with excessive inflammatory responses, failed inflammation resolution, and apoptotic damage. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived metabolite, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory or proresolving activity in multiple animal models of inflammatory disease. However, the therapeutic potential of RvE1 in SIC remains undetermined, which was, therefore, the aim of the present study. Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LPS + RvE1. Echocardiography, Western blotting (WB), quantitative real-time (QRT)-PCR, histological analyses, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cardiac function, myocardial inflammation, and the underlying mechanisms. Results The RvE1-injected group showed improved left ventricular (LV) function and reduced serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase myocardial bound (CK-MB) levels. Compared to LPS treatment alone, RvE1 treatment inhibited the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the heart and spleen and suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, in the heart. We also observed that the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways was blocked by RvE1 treatment, and this inhibition contributed to the improvement in the inflammatory response induced by LPS. RvE1 inhibited LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization and promoted macrophage polarization toward the M2-like phenotype in both the heart and spleen. In addition, LPS administration dysregulated cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) in the heart, which were rectified by RvE1 treatment. RvE1 also reduced myocardial apoptosis rate in response to LPS-induced heart injury. Conclusion RvE1 protects the heart against SIC possibly through the inhibition of the MAPK and NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathways, modulation of macrophage polarization, and reduction in myocardial apoptosis. RvE1 may be a novel lipid mediator for the treatment of SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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30
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Zhao M, Li F, Jian Y, Wang X, Yang H, Wang J, Su J, Lu X, Xi M, Wen A, Li J. Salvianolic acid B regulates macrophage polarization in ischemic/reperfused hearts by inhibiting mTORC1-induced glycolysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172916. [PMID: 31930970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in the healing and remodeling of cardiac tissues after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Here we investigated the potential effects of salvianolic acid B (SalB), one of the abundant and bioactive compounds extracted from Chinese herb Salvia Miltiorrhiza (Danshen), on macrophage-mediated inflammation after MI/R and the underlying mechanisms. In primary cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), SalB attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 biomarkers (IL-6, iNOS, CCL2 and TNF-α) mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, M2 biomarkers (Arg1, Clec10a and Mrc) mRNA levels following interleukinin-4 (IL-4) stimulation were significantly upregulated by SalB. In addition, LPS stimulation potently induced transcriptional upregulation of RagD, an important activation factor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Interestingly, SalB inhibited RagD upregulation and mTORC1 activation, decreased glycolysis, and reduced inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated macrophages, all of which were blunted in RagD knockdown macrophages. In mice subjected to MI/R, SalB treatment decreased cardiac M1-macrophages and increased M2-macrophages at 3 days post-MI/R, followed by decreased collagen deposition and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction at 7 days post-MI/R. Collectively, our data have shown that SalB decreases M1-polarized macrophages in MI/R hearts via inhibiting mTORC1-dependent glycolysis, which might contribute to alleviated inflammation and improved cardiac dysfunction afforded by SalB after MI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yufan Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xinming Lu
- YouYi Clinical Laboratories of Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Jia Li
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Rihan M, Nalla LV, Dharavath A, Shard A, Kalia K, Khairnar A. Pyruvate Kinase M2: a Metabolic Bug in Re-Wiring the Tumor Microenvironment. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2019; 12:149-167. [PMID: 31183810 PMCID: PMC6937361 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-019-00226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a newly emerged hallmark of cancer attaining a recent consideration as an essential factor for the progression and endurance of cancer cells. A prime event of this altered metabolism is increased glucose uptake and discharge of lactate into the cells surrounding constructing a favorable tumor niche. Several oncogenic factors help in promoting this consequence including, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis in tumor metabolism via exhibiting its low pyruvate kinase activity and nuclear moon-lightening functions to increase the synthesis of lactate and macromolecules for tumor proliferation. Not only its role in cancer cells but also its role in the tumor microenvironment cells has to be understood for developing the small molecules against it which is lacking with the literature till date. Therefore, in this present review, the role of PKM2 with respect to various tumor niche cells will be clarified. Further, it highlights the updated list of therapeutics targeting PKM2 pre-clinically and clinically with their added limitations. This upgraded understanding of PKM2 may provide a pace for the reader in developing chemotherapeutic strategies for better clinical survival with limited resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rihan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India
| | - Anil Dharavath
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India.
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India.
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Fitzpatrick SF. Immunometabolism and Sepsis: A Role for HIF? Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:85. [PMID: 31555665 PMCID: PMC6742688 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells occurs during both the hyperinflammatory and immunotolerant phases of sepsis. The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway plays a vital role in regulating these metabolic changes. This review initially summarizes the HIF-driven changes in metabolic dynamics of innate immune cells in response to sepsis. The hyperinflammatory phase of sepsis is accompanied by a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to HIF-1α mediated glycolysis. Furthermore, HIF driven alterations in arginine metabolism also occur during this phase. This promotes sepsis pathophysiology and the development of clinical symptoms. These early metabolic changes are followed by a late immunotolerant phase, in which suppressed HIF signaling promotes a switch from aerobic glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation, with a subsequent anti-inflammatory response developing. Recently the molecular mechanisms controlling HIF activation during these early and late phases have begun to be elucidated. In the final part of this review the contribution of toll-like receptors, transcription factors, metabolic intermediates, kinases and reactive oxygen species, in governing the HIF-induced metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells will be discussed. Importantly, understanding these regulatory mechanisms can lead to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting the HIF-dependent metabolic state of innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Fitzpatrick
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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33
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Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Yong C, Mao Y. Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha Prolifera Ameliorate Acute Myocardial Infarction in Vitro and in Vivo via Up-Regulating HIF-1α. Int Heart J 2019; 60:964-973. [PMID: 31257333 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious heart disease and the main reason for heart failure and sudden death worldwide. This study investigated the effects of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera (PEP) on AMI in vitro and in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanisms.Human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMVEC) were cultured in vitro in an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) environment to induce injury. The viability and apoptosis of HCMVEC were then detected using CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, respectively. ELISA was performed to measure the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Cell transfection was conducted to reduce the expression of HIF-1α. Expression of key factors involving in cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, MEK/ERK, and the NF-κB and mTOR pathways were evaluated using Western blotting. In vivo, Wistar rats were pre-treated by PEP and AMI was induced. The infarct size and cardiac functions (LVEDD, LVEF and LVFS) were measured.In vitro, PEP treatment significantly protected HCMVEC from OGD-induced viability loss, proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine expression, and autophagy. Moreover, PEP enhanced the expression of HIF-1α in HCMVEC via the MEK/ERK pathway. HIF-1α participated in the protective effects of PEP on OGD-treated HCMVEC. Furthermore, PEP attenuated OGD-induced NF-κB pathway activation and promoted the mTOR pathway in HCMVEC. In vivo, PEP pre-treatment reduced the infarct size and enhanced the LVEDD, LVEF and LVFS of rats via up-regulation of HIF-1α.PEP ameliorated AMI in vitro and in vivo through up-regulation of HIF-1α. In vitro, PEP could activate the MEK/ERK and mTOR pathways, but inactivate the NF-κB pathway in OGD-treated HCMVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Chunming Yong
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Yongjun Mao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
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Cheng Y, Rong J. Pro-resolving lipid mediators as therapeutic leads for cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:423-436. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1599360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Rong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Xu JY, Xiong YY, Lu XT, Yang YJ. Regulation of Type 2 Immunity in Myocardial Infarction. Front Immunol 2019; 10:62. [PMID: 30761134 PMCID: PMC6362944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 immunity participates in the pathogeneses of helminth infection and allergic diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that the components of type 2 immunity are also involved in maintaining metabolic hemostasis and facilitating the healing process after tissue injury. Numerous preclinical studies have suggested regulation of type 2 immunity-related cytokines, such as interleukin-4, -13, and -33, and cell types, such as M2 macrophages, mast cells, and eosinophils, affects cardiac functions after myocardial infarction (MI), providing new insights into the importance of immune modulation in the infarcted heart. This review provides an overview of the functions of these cytokines and cells in the setting of MI as well as their potential to predict the severity and prognosis of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Yan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Lu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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36
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Yao F, Yang G, Xian Y, Wang G, Zheng Z, Jin Z, Xie Y, Wang W, Gu J, Lin R. The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol acetate against inflammation of vascular endothelial cells partly through the SIRT6-mediated PKM2 signaling pathway. Food Funct 2019; 10:5789-5803. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HT-AC had anti-inflammatory effect in hypercholesterolemic mice and TNF-stimulated HUVECs. HT-AC inhibited the inflammatory response partly through the TNFRSF1A/SIRT6/PKM2-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Guangde Yang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Yushan Xian
- Department of Pharmacology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmacology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Yundong Xie
- College of Pharmacy
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine
- Xianyang 712000
- China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Department of Medical Experiment Animal Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Jianli Gu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
- Xi'an NO.3 hospital
- Xi'an 710018
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
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37
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Hua YL, Ma Q, Zhang XS, Yao WL, Ji P, Hu JJ, Wei YM. Urinary metabolomics analysis reveals the effect of volatile oil from Angelica sinensis on LPS-induced inflammation rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4402. [PMID: 30255631 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation occurs commonly and volatile oil from Angelica sinensis (VOAS) can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent. The molecular mechanisms that allow the anti-inflammatory factors to be expressed are still unknown. In this paper, we applied gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF-MS) based on a metabolomics platform coupled with a network approach to analyze urine samples in three groups of rats: one with LPS-induced inflammation (MI); one with intervention with VOAS; and normal controls (NC). Our study found definite metabolic footprints of inflammation and showed that all three groups of rats, MI, intervention with VOAS and NC have distinct metabolic profiles in urine. The concentrations of 48 metabolites differed significantly among the three groups. The metabolites in urine were screened by the GC-MS and LC-Q/TOF-MS methods. The significantly changed metabolites (p < 0.05, variable importance in projection > 1.5) between MI, NC and VOAS were included in the metabolic networks. Finally, hub metabolites were screened, including glycine, arachidonic acid, l-glutamate, pyruvate and succinate, which have high values of degree (k). the Results suggest that disorders of glycine, arachidonic acid, l-glutamate, pyruvate and succinate metabolism might play an important part in the predisposition and development of LPS-induced inflammation. By applying metabolomics with network methods, the mechanisms of diseases are clearly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Qi Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Xiao-Song Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Wan-Ling Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
| | - Yan-Ming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, China
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38
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Reddy SS, Agarwal H, Barthwal MK. Cilostazol ameliorates heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and diastolic dysfunction in obese and non-obese hypertensive mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 123:46-57. [PMID: 30138626 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cilostazol (Ciloz) a potent Type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor is effective against inflammation, insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy. However, the effect of Ciloz on obesity-associated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction has not been explored yet. Hence, we examined the effect of Ciloz on cardiac remodelling and dysfunction in non-obese and obese-insulin resistant mice infused with AngiotensinII (AngII). Male C57BL/6 J mice were initially subjected to 19 weeks of chow or high fat diet (HFD) regimen and thereafter animals were randomised for AngII (1500 ng/kg/min, s.c) infusion or saline and Ciloz (50 mg/kg, p.o) for another 1 week. Obese and non-obese mice infused with AngII exhibited significant diastolic dysfunction and features of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) since a decrease in fractional shortening and no change in ejection fraction were observed when compared with respective controls. Administration of AngII and Ciloz in HFD fed mice significantly improved the left ventricular function compared with AngII infused HFD mice as evinced from the echocardiographic data. Further, Ciloz treatment significantly reduced cardiomyocyte area, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis; and collagen deposition. Moreover, Ciloz reduced the inflammatory milieu in the heart as evinced by decreased F4/80+ and CD68+ cells; IL-1β and IL-6 gene transcripts. Quantitative assessment of the expression levels revealed substantial upregulation of MMP-9 (pro- and mature-forms) and α-SMA in the left ventricle of AngII infused HFD-fed mice, which was considerably suppressed by Ciloz regimen. The beneficial effect of Ciloz was associated with the normalization in gene expression of hypertrophic and fibrotic markers. Likewise, Ciloz administration markedly reduced the AngII and HFD induced TGF-β1/SMAD3 and Akt/mTOR signalling. Additionally, AngII administered and HFD-fed mice showed increased glycolytic flux, which was considerably diminished by Ciloz treatment as indicated from suppressed PKM2, HK-2, PDK-2, HIF-1α mRNA and GLUT-1 protein expression. Taken together, Ciloz might be therapeutically exploited against AngII and obesity-associated diastolic dysfunction thereby preventing overt heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukka Santosh Reddy
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Heena Agarwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Kolben TM, Rogatsch E, Vattai A, Hester A, Kuhn C, Schmoeckel E, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Kolben T. PPARγ Expression Is Diminished in Macrophages of Recurrent Miscarriage Placentas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071872. [PMID: 29949879 PMCID: PMC6073463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARγ belongs to the group of nuclear receptors which is expressed in the trophoblast and together with other factors is responsible for the maintenance of pregnancy. Apart from that PPARγ is also a main factor for macrophage polarization. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined expression pattern and frequency of PPARγ under physiological circumstances and in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages in the trophoblast and in maternal macrophages of the decidua. Human placental tissues of the first trimester (15 physiologic pregnancies, 15 spontaneous abortion and 16 recurrent miscarriage placentas) were analyzed for expression of the nuclear receptor PPARγ. Expression changes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time PCR (RT-PCR) in trophoblast and in maternal macrophages of the decidua. Maternal macrophages were identified by double immunofluorescence using cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) as marker for macrophages and further characterized regarding their M1/M2 polarization status. The intermediate villous trophoblast revealed a significantly lower PPARγ expression in spontaneous and recurrent abortion. Maternal macrophages express PPARγ. Their number is significantly enhanced in the decidua of spontaneous miscarriages whereas in recurrent miscarriages maternal macrophages seem to express PPARγ only in very few cases. PPARγ is associated with an M2 polarization state that is common for decidual macrophages. The lack of PPARγ in recurrent miscarriage decidual macrophages seems to be associated with a specific inflammatory response against the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Maria Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Rogatsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Anna Hester
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 27, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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40
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Mouton AJ, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Rivera Gonzalez OJ, Flynn ER, Freeman TC, Saucerman JJ, Garrett MR, Ma Y, Harmancey R, Lindsey ML. Mapping macrophage polarization over the myocardial infarction time continuum. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:26. [PMID: 29868933 PMCID: PMC5986831 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac macrophages regulate inflammation and scar formation. We hypothesized that macrophages undergo polarization state changes over the MI time course and assessed macrophage polarization transcriptomic signatures over the first week of MI. C57BL/6 J male mice (3–6 months old) were subjected to permanent coronary artery ligation to induce MI, and macrophages were isolated from the infarct region at days 1, 3, and 7 post-MI. Day 0, no MI resident cardiac macrophages served as the negative MI control. Whole transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-sequencing on n = 4 pooled sets for each time. Day 1 macrophages displayed a unique pro-inflammatory, extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading signature. By flow cytometry, day 0 macrophages were largely F4/80highLy6Clow resident macrophages, whereas day 1 macrophages were largely F4/80lowLy6Chigh infiltrating monocytes. Day 3 macrophages exhibited increased proliferation and phagocytosis, and expression of genes related to mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation, indicative of metabolic reprogramming. Day 7 macrophages displayed a pro-reparative signature enriched for genes involved in ECM remodeling and scar formation. By triple in situ hybridization, day 7 infarct macrophages in vivo expressed collagen I and periostin mRNA. Our results indicate macrophages show distinct gene expression profiles over the first week of MI, with metabolic reprogramming important for polarization. In addition to serving as indirect mediators of ECM remodeling, macrophages are a direct source of ECM components. Our study is the first to report the detailed changes in the macrophage transcriptome over the first week of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA.,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Osvaldo J Rivera Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA. .,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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