1
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Gupta RK. Human brown fat and metabolic disease: a heated debate. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e176678. [PMID: 38038128 PMCID: PMC10688977 DOI: 10.1172/jci176678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
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2
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Deschemin JC, Ransy C, Bouillaud F, Chung S, Galy B, Peyssonnaux C, Vaulont S. Hepcidin deficiency in mice impairs white adipose tissue browning possibly due to a defect in de novo adipogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12794. [PMID: 37550331 PMCID: PMC10406828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of iron in the two major sites of adaptive thermogenesis, namely the beige inguinal (iWAT) and brown adipose tissues (BAT) has not been fully understood yet. Body iron levels and distribution is controlled by the iron regulatory peptide hepcidin. Here, we explored iron homeostasis and thermogenic activity in brown and beige fat in wild-type and iron loaded Hepcidin KO mice. Hepcidin-deficient mice displayed iron overload in both iWAT and BAT, and preferential accumulation of ferritin in stromal cells compared to mature adipocytes. In contrast to BAT, the iWAT of Hepcidin KO animals featured with defective thermogenesis evidenced by an altered beige signature, including reduced UCP1 levels and decreased mitochondrial respiration. This thermogenic modification appeared cell autonomous and persisted after a 48 h-cold challenge, a potent trigger of thermogenesis, suggesting compromised de novo adipogenesis. Given that WAT browning occurs in both mice and humans, our results provide physiological results to interrogate the thermogenic capacity of patients with iron overload disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Deschemin
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Céline Ransy
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Bouillaud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Bruno Galy
- German Cancer Research Center, "Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis", Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carole Peyssonnaux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vaulont
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.
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3
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Correspondence: André C. Carpentier, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave N, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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4
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Roth L, Johann K, Hönes GS, Oelkrug R, Wagner L, Hoffmann A, Krohn K, Moeller LC, Weiner J, Heiker JT, Klöting N, Tönjes A, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Mittag J, Krause K. Thyroid hormones regulate Zfp423 expression in regionally distinct adipose depots through direct and cell-autonomous action. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112088. [PMID: 36753417 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis is a major regulator of many differentiation processes, including adipose tissue. However, it remains unclear whether and how thyroid hormone (TH) signaling contributes to preadipocyte commitment and differentiation into mature adipocytes. Here, we show a cell-autonomous effect of TH on the transcriptional regulation of zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423), an early adipogenic determination factor, in murine adipose depots. Mechanistically, binding of the unliganded TH receptor to a negative TH responsive element within the Zfp423 promoter activates transcriptional activity that is reversed upon TH binding. Zfp423 upregulation is associated with increased GFP+ preadipocyte recruitment in stromal vascular fraction isolated from white fat of hypothyroid Zfp423GFP reporter mice. RNA sequencing identified Zfp423-driven gene programs that are modulated in response to TH during adipogenic differentiation. Collectively, we identified Zfp423 as a key molecule that integrates TH signaling into the regulation of adipose tissue plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Roth
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes/Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes/Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Leonie Wagner
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Krohn
- DNA Core Unit Leipzig, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars C Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes/Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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5
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Rahbani JF, Scholtes C, Lagarde DM, Hussain MF, Roesler A, Dykstra CB, Bunk J, Samborska B, O'Brien SL, Tripp E, Pacis A, Angueira AR, Johansen OS, Cinkornpumin J, Hossain I, Lynes MD, Zhang Y, White AP, Pastor WA, Chondronikola M, Sidossis L, Klein S, Kralli A, Cypess AM, Pedersen SB, Jessen N, Tseng YH, Gerhart-Hines Z, Seale P, Calebiro D, Giguère V, Kazak L. ADRA1A-Gα q signalling potentiates adipocyte thermogenesis through CKB and TNAP. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1459-1473. [PMID: 36344764 PMCID: PMC9684074 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Noradrenaline (NA) regulates cold-stimulated adipocyte thermogenesis1. Aside from cAMP signalling downstream of β-adrenergic receptor activation, how NA promotes thermogenic output is still not fully understood. Here, we show that coordinated α1-adrenergic receptor (AR) and β3-AR signalling induces the expression of thermogenic genes of the futile creatine cycle2,3, and that early B cell factors, oestrogen-related receptors and PGC1α are required for this response in vivo. NA triggers physical and functional coupling between the α1-AR subtype (ADRA1A) and Gαq to promote adipocyte thermogenesis in a manner that is dependent on the effector proteins of the futile creatine cycle, creatine kinase B and tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase. Combined Gαq and Gαs signalling selectively in adipocytes promotes a continual rise in whole-body energy expenditure, and creatine kinase B is required for this effect. Thus, the ADRA1A-Gαq-futile creatine cycle axis is a key regulator of facultative and adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janane F Rahbani
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charlotte Scholtes
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damien M Lagarde
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammed F Hussain
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Roesler
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christien B Dykstra
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jakub Bunk
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bozena Samborska
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shannon L O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma Tripp
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alain Pacis
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anthony R Angueira
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olivia S Johansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ishtiaque Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew P White
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William A Pastor
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Chondronikola
- Department of Nutrition and Radiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Labros Sidossis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vincent Giguère
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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6
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Hepler C, Weidemann BJ, Waldeck NJ, Marcheva B, Cedernaes J, Thorne AK, Kobayashi Y, Nozawa R, Newman MV, Gao P, Shao M, Ramsey KM, Gupta RK, Bass J. Time-restricted feeding mitigates obesity through adipocyte thermogenesis. Science 2022; 378:276-284. [PMID: 36264811 PMCID: PMC10150371 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl8007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Misalignment of feeding rhythms with the light-dark cycle leads to disrupted peripheral circadian clocks and obesity. Conversely, restricting feeding to the active period mitigates metabolic syndrome through mechanisms that remain unknown. We found that genetic enhancement of adipocyte thermogenesis through ablation of the zinc finger protein 423 (ZFP423) attenuated obesity caused by consumption of a high-fat diet during the inactive (light) period by increasing futile creatine cycling in mice. Circadian control of adipocyte creatine metabolism underlies the timing of diet-induced thermogenesis, and enhancement of adipocyte circadian rhythms through overexpression of the clock activator brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) ameliorated metabolic complications during diet-induced obesity. These findings uncover rhythmic creatine-mediated thermogenesis as an essential mechanism that drives metabolic benefits during time-restricted feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hepler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Weidemann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nathan J. Waldeck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Biliana Marcheva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jonathan Cedernaes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anneke K. Thorne
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yumiko Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rino Nozawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marsha V. Newman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Kathryn M. Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rana K. Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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7
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Adipocyte HIF2α functions as a thermostat via PKA Cα regulation in beige adipocytes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3268. [PMID: 35672324 PMCID: PMC9174489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic adipocytes generate heat to maintain body temperature against hypothermia in response to cold. Although tight regulation of thermogenesis is required to prevent energy sources depletion, the molecular details that tune thermogenesis are not thoroughly understood. Here, we demonstrate that adipocyte hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) plays a key role in calibrating thermogenic function upon cold and re-warming. In beige adipocytes, HIFα attenuates protein kinase A (PKA) activity, leading to suppression of thermogenic activity. Mechanistically, HIF2α suppresses PKA activity by inducing miR-3085-3p expression to downregulate PKA catalytic subunit α (PKA Cα). Ablation of adipocyte HIF2α stimulates retention of beige adipocytes, accompanied by increased PKA Cα during re-warming after cold stimuli. Moreover, administration of miR-3085-3p promotes beige-to-white transition via downregulation of PKA Cα and mitochondrial abundance in adipocyte HIF2α deficient mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that HIF2α-dependent PKA regulation plays an important role as a thermostat through dynamic remodeling of beige adipocytes. Thermogenic adipocytes maintain body temperature in response to cold, but how this is tuned during cold and re-warming is unclear. Here, the authors show HIF2α inhibits beige adipocyte retention, regulating PKA catalysis to control dynamic adipocyte remodelling.
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8
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Abstract
In this issue of Journal of Experimental Medicine, Yin et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20212491) discover that loss of FNIP1 is associated with browning of white adipose tissue, which they propose is driven by decreased calcium uptake into the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Bunk
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Shao M, Zhang Q, Truong A, Shan B, Vishvanath L, Li L, Seale P, Gupta RK. ZFP423 controls EBF2 coactivator recruitment and PPARγ occupancy to determine the thermogenic plasticity of adipocytes. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1461-1474. [PMID: 34620682 PMCID: PMC8559675 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348780.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Energy-storing white adipocytes maintain their identity by suppressing the energy-burning thermogenic gene program of brown and beige adipocytes. Here, we reveal that the protein-protein interaction between the transcriptional coregulator ZFP423 and brown fat determination factor EBF2 is essential for restraining the thermogenic phenotype of white adipose tissue (WAT). Disruption of the ZFP423-EBF2 protein interaction through CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing triggers widespread "browning" of WAT in adult mice. Mechanistically, ZFP423 recruits the NuRD corepressor complex to EBF2-bound thermogenic gene enhancers. Loss of adipocyte Zfp423 induces an EBF2 NuRD-to-BAF coregulator switch and a shift in PPARγ occupancy to thermogenic genes. This shift in PPARγ occupancy increases the antidiabetic efficacy of the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone in obesity while diminishing the unwanted weight-gaining effect of the drug. These data indicate that ZFP423 controls EBF2 coactivator recruitment and PPARγ occupancy to determine the thermogenic plasticity of adipocytes and highlight the potential of therapeutically targeting transcriptional brakes to induce beige adipocyte biogenesis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Qianbin Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ashley Truong
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Bo Shan
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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10
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Chen L, Liu R, He X, Pei S, Li D. Effects of brown seaweed polyphenols, a class of phlorotannins, on metabolic disorders via regulation of fat function. Food Funct 2021; 12:2378-2388. [PMID: 33645609 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02886j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that fat dysfunction is the main driver of development of metabolic disorders. Changes in diet and lifestyle are particularly important to reverse the current global rise in obesity-related metabolic disorders. Seaweed has been consumed for thousands of years, and it is rich in bioactive compounds, especially unique polyphenols. The aim of the present review is to summarize the effects of different seaweed polyphenols on fat function in metabolic disorders and the related mechanisms. Seaweed polyphenols activate white adipose tissue to "brown" or "beige" adipose tissue to enhance energy consumption. In addition, the amelioration of fat factor imbalance and inflammatory response is also considered as an important reason for the regulation of lipid function with seaweed polyphenols. The present review provides an important basis for using seaweed polyphenols as potential dietary supplements to prevent metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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11
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Auclair M, Roblot N, Capel E, Fève B, Antoine B. Pharmacological modulation of RORα controls fat browning, adaptive thermogenesis, and body weight in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E219-E233. [PMID: 33252251 PMCID: PMC8260366 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00131.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Beiging is an attractive therapeutic strategy to fight against obesity and its side metabolic complications. The loss of function of the nuclear transcription factor RORα has been related to a lean phenotype with higher thermogenesis in sg/sg mice lacking this protein. Here we show that pharmacological modulation of RORα activity exerts reciprocal and cell-autonomous effect on UCP1 expression ex vivo, in cellulo, and in vivo. The RORα inverse-agonist SR3335 upregulated UCP1 expression in brown and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) explants of wild-type (WT) mice, whereas the RORα agonist SR1078 had the opposite effect. We confirmed the reciprocal action of these synthetic RORα ligands on gene expression, mitochondrial mass, and uncoupled oxygen consumption rate in cultured murine and human adipocytes. Time course analysis revealed stepwise variation in gene expression, first of TLE3, an inhibitor of the thermogenic program, followed by a reciprocal effect on PRDM16 and UCP1. Finally, RORα ligands were shown to be useful tools to modulate in vivo UCP1 expression in scWAT with associated changes in this fat depot mass. SR3335 and SR1078 provoked the opposite effects on the WT mice body weight, but without any effect on sg/sg mice. This slimming effect of SR3335 was related to an increased adaptive thermogenesis of the mice, as assessed by the rectal temperature of cold-stressed mice and induction of UCP1 in scWAT, as well as by indirect calorimetry in presence or not of a β3-adrenoceptor agonist. These data confirmed that RORα ligands could be useful tools to modulate thermogenesis and energy homeostasis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The regulation of adipose tissue browning was not fully deciphered and required further studies explaining how the regulation of this process may be of interest for tackling obesity and related metabolic disorders. Our data confirmed the involvement of the transcription factor RORα in the regulation of nonshivering thermogenesis, and importantly, revealed the possibility to in vivo modulate its activity by synthetic ligands with beneficial consequences on fat mass and body weight of the mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/drug effects
- Adipocytes/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/physiology
- Adult
- Animals
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Cell Transdifferentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cold-Shock Response/drug effects
- Cold-Shock Response/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/agonists
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/physiology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Auclair
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Roblot
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Capel
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Service d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Antoine
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
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12
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Lopes H, Egan B. Visceral adiposity syndrome and cardiometabolism. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed52-32717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of fat in the human body is related to hemodynamic and metabolic homeostasis. Brown fat is inversely related to body mass index and is associated with a lower probability of developing diabetes. Beige adipose tissue shares some functional characteristics with brown adipose tissue. White adipose tissue constitutes the majority of the fatty tissue and is mainly distributed in the subcutaneous and abdominal cavity. Intra-abdominal white fat has gained prominence in recent years for its association with cardiovascular risk factors and higher cardiovascular mortality. This review article discusses the human adaptation in the environment, a sympathovagal and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal imbalance as a possible cause of increased visceral adiposity and its consequences on cardiometabolism.
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13
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Increased prostaglandin-D2 in male STAT3-deficient hearts shifts cardiac progenitor cells from endothelial to white adipocyte differentiation. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000739. [PMID: 33370269 PMCID: PMC7793290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac levels of the signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-3 (STAT3) decline with age, and male but not female mice with a cardiomyocyte-specific STAT3 deficiency conditional knockout (CKO) display premature age-related heart failure associated with reduced cardiac capillary density. In the present study, isolated male and female CKO-cardiomyocytes exhibit increased prostaglandin (PG)-generating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. The PG-degrading hydroxyprostaglandin-dehydrogenase-15 (HPGD) expression is only reduced in male cardiomyocytes, which is associated with increased prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) secretion from isolated male but not female CKO-cardiomyocytes. Reduced HPGD expression in male cardiomyocytes derive from impaired androgen receptor (AR)–signaling due to loss of its cofactor STAT3. Elevated PGD2 secretion in males is associated with increased white adipocyte accumulation in aged male but not female hearts. Adipocyte differentiation is enhanced in isolated stem cell antigen-1 (SCA-1)+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) from young male CKO-mice compared with the adipocyte differentiation of male wild-type (WT)-CPC and CPC isolated from female mice. Epigenetic analysis in freshly isolated male CKO-CPC display hypermethylation in pro-angiogenic genes (Fgfr2, Epas1) and hypomethylation in the white adipocyte differentiation gene Zfp423 associated with up-regulated ZFP423 expression and a shift from endothelial to white adipocyte differentiation compared with WT-CPC. The expression of the histone-methyltransferase EZH2 is reduced in male CKO-CPC compared with male WT-CPC, whereas no differences in the EZH2 expression in female CPC were observed. Clonally expanded CPC can differentiate into endothelial cells or into adipocytes depending on the differentiation conditions. ZFP423 overexpression is sufficient to induce white adipocyte differentiation of clonal CPC. In isolated WT-CPC, PGD2 stimulation reduces the expression of EZH2, thereby up-regulating ZFP423 expression and promoting white adipocyte differentiation. The treatment of young male CKO mice with the COX inhibitor Ibuprofen or the PGD2 receptor (DP)2 receptor antagonist BAY-u 3405 in vivo increased EZH2 expression and reduced ZFP423 expression and adipocyte differentiation in CKO-CPC. Thus, cardiomyocyte STAT3 deficiency leads to age-related and sex-specific cardiac remodeling and failure in part due to sex-specific alterations in PGD2 secretion and subsequent epigenetic impairment of the differentiation potential of CPC. Causally involved is the impaired AR signaling in absence of STAT3, which reduces the expression of the PG-degrading enzyme HPGD. Impaired androgen-receptor-signaling due to STAT3-deficiency promotes increased prostaglandin-D2-secretion from male but not female cardiomyocytes; this induces an epigenetic switch in cardiac progenitor cells from endothelial to white adipocyte differentiation, associated with reduced cardiac capillary density, increased cardiac white fat deposits and heart failure in aged male but not female mice.
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14
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Hussain MF, Roesler A, Kazak L. Regulation of adipocyte thermogenesis: mechanisms controlling obesity. FEBS J 2020; 287:3370-3385. [PMID: 32301220 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte biology has been intensely researched in recent years due to the emergence of obesity as a serious global health concern and because of the realization that adipose tissue is more than simply a cell type that stores and releases lipids. The plasticity of adipose tissues, to rapidly adapt to altered physiological states of energy demand, is under neuronal and endocrine control. The capacity for white adipocytes to store chemical energy in lipid droplets is key for protecting other organs from the toxic effects of ectopic lipid deposition. In contrast, thermogenic (brown and beige) adipocytes combust macronutrients to generate heat. The thermogenic activity of adipocytes allows them to protect themselves and other tissues from lipid overaccumulation. Advances in brown fat biology have uncovered key molecular players involved in adipocyte determination, differentiation, and thermogenic activation. It is now, well appreciated that three distinct adipocyte types exist: white, beige, and brown. Moreover, functional differences are present within adipocyte subtypes located in anatomically distinct locations. Adding to this complexity is the recent realization from single-cell sequencing studies that adipocyte progenitors are also heterogeneous. Understanding the molecular details of how to increase the number of thermogenic fat cells and their activation may delineate some of the pathophysiological basis of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Here, we review recent advances that have extended our understanding of the central role that adipose tissue plays in energy balance and the mechanisms that control their amount and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Faiz Hussain
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Roesler
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Shao M, Wang QA, Song A, Vishvanath L, Busbuso NC, Scherer PE, Gupta RK. Cellular Origins of Beige Fat Cells Revisited. Diabetes 2019; 68:1874-1885. [PMID: 31540940 PMCID: PMC6754244 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activated beige adipocytes have therapeutic potential due to their ability to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis. To date, the origin of beige adipocytes remains enigmatic. Whether beige cells arise through de novo differentiation from resident precursors or through reprogramming of mature white adipocytes has been a topic of intense discussion. Here, we offer our perspective on the natural origin of beige adipocytes in mice. In particular, we revisit recent lineage-tracing studies that shed light on this issue and offer new insight into how environmental housing temperatures early in life influence the mode of beige adipocyte biogenesis upon cold exposure later in life. We suggest a unified model in which beige adipocytes (UCP1+ multilocular cells) in rodents initially arise predominantly from progenitors (i.e., de novo beige adipogenesis) upon the first exposure to cold temperatures and then interconvert between "dormant beige" and "active beige" phenotypes (i.e., beige cell activation) upon subsequent changes in environmental temperature. Importantly, we highlight experimental considerations needed to visualize de novo adipogenesis versus beige cell activation in mice. A precise understanding of the cellular origins of beige adipocytes emanating in response to physiological and pharmacological stimuli may better inform therapeutic strategies to recruit beige adipocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Anying Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Napoleon C Busbuso
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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16
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Wang Z, Yin ZT, Zhang F, Li XQ, Chen SR, Yang N, Porter TE, Hou Z. Dynamics of transcriptome changes during subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation in ducks. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:688. [PMID: 31477016 PMCID: PMC6720933 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pekin duck is an important animal model for its ability for fat synthesis and deposition. However, transcriptional dynamic regulation of adipose differentiation driven by complex signal cascades remains largely unexplored in this model. This study aimed to explore adipogenic transcriptional dynamics before (proliferation) and after (differentiation) initial preadipocyte differentiation in ducks. RESULTS Exogenous oleic acid alone successfully induced duck subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation. We explored 36 mRNA-seq libraries in order to study transcriptome dynamics during proliferation and differentiation processes at 6 time points. Using robust statistical analysis, we identified 845, 652, 359, 2401 and 1933 genes differentially expressed between -48 h and 0 h, 0 h and 12 h, 12 h and 24 h, 24 h and 48 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively (FDR < 0.05, FC > 1.5). At the proliferation stage, proliferation related pathways and basic cellular and metabolic processes were inhibited, while regulatory factors that initiate differentiation enter the ready-to-activate state, which provides a precondition for initiating adipose differentiation. According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis, pathways positively related to adipogenic differentiation are significantly activated at the differentiation stage, while WNT, FOXO and other pathways that inhibit preadipocyte differentiation are negatively regulated. Moreover, we identified and classified more than 100 transcription factors that showed significant changes during differentiation, and found novel transcription factors that were not reported to be related to preadipoctye differentiation. Finally, we manually assembled a proposed regulation network model of subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation base on the expression data, and suggested that E2F1 may serve as an important link between the processes of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS For the first time we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome dynamics of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. The current study provides a solid basis for understanding the synthesis and deposition of subcutaneous fat in ducks. Furthermore, the information generated will allow future investigations of specific genes involved in particular stages of duck adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si-Rui Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tom E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhuocheng Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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17
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Liu M, Zheng M, Cai D, Xie J, Jin Z, Liu H, Liu J. Zeaxanthin promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and adipocyte browning via AMPKα1 activation. Food Funct 2019; 10:2221-2233. [PMID: 30950462 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02527d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zeaxanthin (ZEA), a type of oxygenated carotenoid with strong antioxidant activity, has previously been found to exhibit an anti-lipogenesis effect. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ZEA on brown-like adipocyte formation and mitochondrial biogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Brown adipocyte-specific markers, mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress, and the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 were assessed. ZEA treated adipocytes demonstrated a brown-like pattern, with upregulated expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and other brown adipocyte markers. In addition, ZEA intervention induced a dramatic increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and in the mRNA levels of genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, ZEA attenuated mitochondrial oxidative damage caused by lipid peroxidation in adipocytes, significantly improved the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide. Finally, we concluded that AMPKα1 mediated the ZEA-caused inhibition of lipid accumulation and promotion of brown and beige adipocyte-biomarker expression, as the positive effects of ZEA were diminished by Prkaa1 (AMPKα1) knockdown. These findings demonstrated that ZEA promoted the expression of brown and beige adipogenesis markers and mitochondrial biogenesis, which involved AMPKα1 activation, thus contributing to the anti-obesity effects of ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
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18
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Jung SM, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Guertin DA. Brown Adipose Tissue Development and Metabolism. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 251:3-36. [PMID: 30203328 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue is well known to be a thermoregulatory organ particularly important in small rodents and human infants, but it was only recently that its existence and significance to metabolic fitness in adult humans have been widely realized. The ability of active brown fat to expend high amounts of energy has raised interest in stimulating thermogenesis therapeutically to treat metabolic diseases related to obesity and type 2 diabetes. In parallel, there has been a surge of research aimed at understanding the biology of rodent and human brown fat development, its remarkable metabolic properties, and the phenomenon of white fat browning, in which white adipocytes can be converted into brown like adipocytes with similar thermogenic properties. Here, we review the current understanding of the developmental and metabolic pathways involved in forming thermogenic adipocytes, and highlight some of the many unknown functions of brown fat that make its study a rich and exciting area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Myung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Division of Endocrinology, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,Lei Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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