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Ghesmati Z, Rashid M, Fayezi S, Gieseler F, Alizadeh E, Darabi M. An update on the secretory functions of brown, white, and beige adipose tissue: Towards therapeutic applications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:279-308. [PMID: 38051471 PMCID: PMC10942928 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue, is vital in modulating whole-body energy metabolism. While WAT primarily stores energy, BAT dissipates energy as heat for thermoregulation. Beige adipose tissue is a hybrid form of adipose tissue that shares characteristics with WAT and BAT. Dysregulation of adipose tissue metabolism is linked to various disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infertility. Both brown and beige adipocytes secrete multiple molecules, such as batokines, packaged in extracellular vesicles or as soluble signaling molecules that play autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine roles. A greater understanding of the adipocyte secretome is essential for identifying novel molecular targets in treating metabolic disorders. Additionally, microRNAs show crucial roles in regulating adipose tissue differentiation and function, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for metabolic disorders. The browning of WAT has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in treating obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Many browning agents have been identified, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been developed to enhance their efficacy. This review scrutinizes the characteristics of and differences between white, brown, and beige adipose tissues, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the adipocytes, the significant roles of batokines, and regulatory microRNAs active in different adipose tissues. Finally, the potential of WAT browning in treating obesity and atherosclerosis, the relationship of BAT with cancer and fertility disorders, and the crosstalk between adipose tissue with circadian system and circadian disorders are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghesmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Fayezi
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Gieseler
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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Qin C, Wang H, Zhong J, Ran H, Peng W. miR-129 Regulates Yak Intramuscular Preadipocyte Proliferation and Differentiation through the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:632. [PMID: 38203803 PMCID: PMC10779486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
miR-129 plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes, including adipogenesis; however, its downstream molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-129 promotes yak adipogenesis in vitro via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Overexpression and interference of miR-129 in yak intramuscular preadipocytes (YIMAs) enhanced and inhibited cell differentiation, respectively, with corresponding changes in cell proliferation. Further investigation revealed that miR-129 enhances AKT and p-AKT activity in the AKT pathway without affecting cell apoptosis, and a specific inhibitor (LY294002) was used to confirm that miR-129 regulates YIMAs proliferation and differentiation through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our findings suggest that miR-129 promotes yak adipogenesis by enhancing PI3K/AKT pathway activity. This study provides the foundation to precisely elucidate the molecular mechanism of miR-129 in YIMAs adipogenesis and develop advanced miRNA-based strategies to improve meat nutrition and obesity-related ailments in beef production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Qin
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China; (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China; (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China; (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Hongbiao Ran
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China; (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Wei Peng
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
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Jia M, Xu T, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Dietary fatty acids activate or deactivate brown and beige fat. Life Sci 2023; 330:121978. [PMID: 37516433 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat have been documented to rapidly consume fatty acids (FAs) rather than deposit of lipid, and they have high capacity to dissipate energy via nonshivering thermogenesis, making BAT and beige fat potential organs to fight obesity and related chronic diseases. As the main substrate for thermogenesis and the basic constituent unit of triacylglycerol, FAs could modify BAT and remodel white adipose tissue (WAT) to beige fat. However, there are few comprehensive review covering the link between dietary FAs and thermogenic adipocyte..In this review, we described the metabolism of thermogenic adipose upon activation and comprehensively summarized publications on the dietary FAs that activate or deactivate BAT and beige fat. Specifically, eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA), α-linolenic acid (α-ALA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), oleic acid (OA), long-chain saturated fatty acid (LC-SFA) and medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA). in addition, the influences on BAT function, WAT remodeling, and lipid metabolism, as well as delineated the possible mechanisms are also reviewed. Characterizing thermogenic or obesogenic dietary FAs may offer novel insight into dietary oil and nutritional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tongcheng Xu
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
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4
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Identification of Differentially Expressed miRNAs in Porcine Adipose Tissues and Evaluation of Their Effects on Feed Efficiency. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122406. [PMID: 36553673 PMCID: PMC9778086 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency (FE) is a very important trait affecting the economic benefits of pig breeding enterprises. Adipose tissue can modulate a variety of processes such as feed intake, energy metabolism and systemic physiological processes. However, the mechanism by which microRNAs (miRNAs) in adipose tissues regulate FE remains largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to screen potential miRNAs related to FE through miRNA sequencing. The miRNA profiles in porcine adipose tissues were obtained and 14 miRNAs were identified differentially expressed in adipose tissues of pigs with extreme differences in FE, of which 9 were down-regulated and 5 were up-regulated. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that these miRNAs were significantly related to lipid metabolism and these miRNAs modulated FE by regulating lipid metabolism. Subsequently, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of five randomly selected DEMs was used to verify the reliability of miRNA-seq data. Furthermore, 39 differentially expressed target genes of these DEMs were obtained, and DEMs-target mRNA interaction networks were constructed. In addition, the most significantly down-regulated miRNAs, ssc-miR-122-5p and ssc-miR-192, might be the key miRNAs for FE. Our results reveal the mechanism by which adipose miRNAs regulate feed efficiency in pigs. This study provides a theoretical basis for the further study of swine feed efficiency improvement.
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Zapata J, Gallardo A, Romero C, Valenzuela R, Garcia-Diaz DF, Duarte L, Bustamante A, Gasaly N, Gotteland M, Echeverria F. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis in obesity: Potential relationship with gut microbiota. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 177:102388. [PMID: 34995899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide public health problem characterized by fat tissue accumulation, favouring adipose tissue and metabolic alterations. Increasing energy expenditure (EE) through brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning has gained relevance as a therapeutic approach. Different bioactive compounds, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), have been shown to induce those thermogenic effects. This process is regulated by the gut microbiota as well. Nevertheless, obesity is characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis, which can be restored by weight loss and n-3 PUFA intake, among other factors. Knowledge gap: However, the role of the gut microbiota on the n-3 PUFA effect in inducing thermogenesis in obesity has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This review aims to elucidate the potential implications of this interrelation on WAT browning adiposw sittue (BAT), BAT activity, and EE regulation in obesity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zapata
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Gallardo
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Romero
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Valenzuela
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - D F Garcia-Diaz
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Duarte
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Bustamante
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Gasaly
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; ICBM: Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - M Gotteland
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Echeverria
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Carrera de Nutricion y Dietetica, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Abbas MM, Soto P, Ramalingam L, El-Manzalawy Y, Bensmail H, Moustaid-Moussa N. Sex Differences in Fish Oil and Olanzapine Effects on Gut Microbiota in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:349. [PMID: 35057526 PMCID: PMC8780445 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Children are prescribed second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medications, such as olanzapine (OLZ) for FDA-approved and "off-label" indications. The long-term impact of early-life SGA medication exposure is unclear. Olanzapine and other SGA medications are known to cause excessive weight gain in young and adult patients, suggesting the possibility of long-term complications associated with the use of these drugs, such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Further, the weight gain effects of OLZ have previously been shown to depend on the presence of gut bacteria and treatment with OLZ, which shifts gut bacteria toward an "obesogenic" profile. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate changes in gut bacteria in adult mice following early life treatment with OLZ and being fed either a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet supplemented with fish oil, which has previously been shown to counteract gut dysbiosis, weight gain, and inflammation produced by a high-fat diet. Female and male C57Bl/6J mice were fed a high fat diet without (HF) or with the supplementation of fish oil (HF-FO) and treated with OLZ from postnatal day (PND) 37-65 resulting in four groups of mice: mice fed a HF diet and treated with OLZ (HF-OLZ), mice fed a HF diet and treated with vehicle (HF), mice fed a HF-FO diet and treated with OLZ (HF-FO-OLZ), and mice fed a HF-FO diet and treated with vehicle (HF-FO). Following euthanasia at approximately 164 days of age, we determined changes in gut bacteria populations and serum LPS binding protein, an established marker of gut inflammation and dysbiosis. Our results showed that male HF-FO and HF-FO-OLZ mice had lower body weights, at sacrifice, compared to the HF group, with a comparable body weight across groups in female mice. HF-FO and HF-FO-OLZ male groups also exhibited lower serum LPS binding protein levels compared to the HF group, with no differences across groups in female mice. Gut microbiota profiles were also different among the four groups; the Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes (B/F) ratio had the lowest value of 0.51 in the HF group compared to 0.6 in HF-OLZ, 0.9 in HF-FO, and 1.1 in HF-FO-OLZ, with no differences in female mice. In conclusion, FO reduced dietary obesity and its associated inflammation and increased the B/F ratio in male mice but did not benefit the female mice. Although the weight lowering effects of OLZ were unexpected, FO effects persisted in the presence of olanzapine, demonstrating its potential protective effects in male subjects using antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. Abbas
- Department of Translational Data Science and Informatics, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (M.M.A.); (Y.E.-M.)
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 5825, Qatar
| | - Paul Soto
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (P.S.); (L.R.)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (P.S.); (L.R.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Yasser El-Manzalawy
- Department of Translational Data Science and Informatics, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (M.M.A.); (Y.E.-M.)
| | - Halima Bensmail
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 5825, Qatar
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (P.S.); (L.R.)
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microRNAs in Human Adipose Tissue Physiology and Dysfunction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123342. [PMID: 34943849 PMCID: PMC8699244 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a large amount of evidence on the role of microRNA (miRNA) in regulating adipose tissue physiology. Indeed, miRNAs control critical steps in adipocyte differentiation, proliferation and browning, as well as lipolysis, lipogenesis and adipokine secretion. Overnutrition leads to a significant change in the adipocyte miRNOME, resulting in adipose tissue dysfunction. Moreover, via secreted mediators, dysfunctional adipocytes may impair the function of other organs and tissues. However, given their potential to control cell and whole-body energy expenditure, miRNAs also represent critical therapeutic targets for treating obesity and related metabolic complications. This review attempts to integrate present concepts on the role miRNAs play in adipose tissue physiology and obesity-related dysfunction and data from pre-clinical and clinical studies on the diagnostic or therapeutic potential of miRNA in obesity and its related complications.
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Gao W, Liu JL, Lu X, Yang Q. Epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:480-499. [PMID: 34289049 PMCID: PMC8530523 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. Although modern adoption of a sedentary lifestyle coupled with energy-dense nutrition is considered to be the main cause of obesity epidemic, genetic preposition contributes significantly to the imbalanced energy metabolism in obesity. However, the variants of genetic loci identified from large-scale genetic studies do not appear to fully explain the rapid increase in obesity epidemic in the last four to five decades. Recent advancements of next-generation sequencing technologies and studies of tissue-specific effects of epigenetic factors in metabolic organs have significantly advanced our understanding of epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity. The epigenome, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-mediated processes, is characterized as mitotically or meiotically heritable changes in gene function without alteration of DNA sequence. Importantly, epigenetic modifications are reversible. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the landscape of epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism could unravel novel molecular targets for obesity treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation, and RNA-mediated processes in regulating energy metabolism. We also discuss the effects of lifestyle modifications and therapeutic agents on epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Tokunaga Y, Yoshizaki H, Toriumi A, Kawaharada R, Ishida C, Hori M, Nakamura A. Effects of omega-7 palmitoleic acids on skeletal muscle differentiation in a hyperglycemic condition. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1369-1377. [PMID: 34248106 PMCID: PMC8498828 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and diabetes are known to be involved in fetal myogenesis, but the later stages of myogenesis are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of a
hyperglycemic environment on L6 skeletal myoblast differentiation and the function of omega-7 palmitoleic acids. Exposure to a high concentration of glucose (25 mM) in high-glucose culture
medium (HG) increased the expression of myogenic genes (MyoD, Myogenin, MRF4, Myhc2x, and Myhc2a) and the
synthesis of myosin. HG also activated the PI3K/AKT pathway revealed muscle cell differentiation. Furthermore, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an inflammatory cytokine
(Tnfaip3; tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3), which are crucial for the growth and differentiation of skeletal muscle, were increased by HG. Palmitoleic acids
suppressed the expression levels of myogenic regulatory genes and increased the expression level of a cell proliferation-related gene (Pax3). Trans-palmitoleic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid (TPA and EPA) increased the phosphorylation level of MAPK/ERK1/2 and downregulated ROS generation and Tnfaip3 expression. In contrast, cis-palmitoleic
acid inactivated MAPK/ERK1/2, leading to increased ROS generation. In conclusion, a hyperglycemic environment mediated by HG induced excessive muscle differentiation. Palmitoleic acids
inhibited myoblast differentiation by downregulating muscle-specific genes. Moreover, trans-palmitoleic acids may have beneficial antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory effects in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Tokunaga
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hitomi Yoshizaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Jissen Women's University, 4-1-1 Osakaue, Hino, Tokyo 191-8510, Japan
| | - Akiyo Toriumi
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, National University Corporation Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Kawaharada
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Chisato Ishida
- Department of Nutrition, Japanese Haramachi Red Cross Hospital, 698 Haramachi, Agatsumagun, Higashiagatsuma-machi, Gunma 377-0801, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akio Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Jissen Women's University, 4-1-1 Osakaue, Hino, Tokyo 191-8510, Japan
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Deng B, Tang X, Wang Y. Role of microRNA-129 in cancer and non-cancerous diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:918. [PMID: 34335879 PMCID: PMC8290460 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are involved in diverse biological signaling pathways and play important roles in the progression of various diseases, including both oncological and non-oncological diseases. These small non-coding RNAs can block translation, resulting in a low expression level of target genes. miR-129 is an miRNA that has been the focus of considerable research in recent years. A growing body of evidence shows that the miR-129 family not only functions in cancer, including osteosarcoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and ovarian, prostate, lung, breast and colon cancer, but also in non-cancerous diseases, including heart failure (HF), epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), obesity, diabetes and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). It is therefore necessary to summarize current research progress on the role of miR-129 in different diseases. The present review includes an updated summary of the mechanisms of the miR-129 family in oncological and non-oncological diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review focusing on the role of miR-129 in non-cancerous diseases such as obesity, HF, epilepsy, diabetes, IVDD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingpeng Deng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Zhang T, Linghu KG, Lou R, Li Z, Liu J, Li R, Qin ZH, Guo B, Lin L. Autophagy-regulating miRNAs: potential targets for obesity and related metabolic disorders. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1532-1538. [PMID: 33549825 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Ke-Gang Linghu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Ruohan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongsong Li
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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Abstract
MicroRNA-455-3p (miR-455-3p) is identify as a member of broadly conserved miRNA family expressed in most of the phylum and species. In humans, miR-455 is present on the human chromosome 9 at locus 9q32 and encoded by the human COL27A1 gene (collagen type XXVII alpha 1 chain). The role of miR-455 has been implicated in various human diseases such as cartilage development, adipogenesis, preeclampsia, and cancers, e.g., colon cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cancer, oral squamous cancer, skin cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Recently, our laboratory discovered the biomarker and therapeutic relevance of miR-455-3p in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our global microarray analysis of serum samples from AD patients, mild cognitive individuals (MCI), and healthy subjects unveiled the high level of miR-455-3p in AD patients relative to MCI and healthy controls. Further, validation analysis using different kinds of AD samples such as serum, postmortem brains, AD fibroblasts, AD B-lymphocytes, AD cell lines, AD mouse models, and AD cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the biomarker potential of miR-455-3p. The mechanistic link of miR-455-3p in AD was determined via modulation of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and amyloid-β (Aβ) levels. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed AβPP as validated target of miR-455-3p. Our study on mouse neuroblastoma cells revealed the protective role of miR-455-3p against Aβ-induced toxicities. We also noticed that miR-455-3p enhances cell survival and lifespan extension. High level of miR-455-3p reduces Aβ toxicity, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and synaptic activity, and maintains healthy mitochondrial dynamics. Based on these evidences, we cautiously conclude that miR-455-3p is a promising peripheral biomarker and therapeutic candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Departments of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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13
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Gharanei S, Shabir K, Brown JE, Weickert MO, Barber TM, Kyrou I, Randeva HS. Regulatory microRNAs in Brown, Brite and White Adipose Tissue. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112489. [PMID: 33207733 PMCID: PMC7696849 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of short noncoding RNAs which regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNA, inducing translational repression and messenger RNA degradation. This regulation of gene expression by miRNAs in adipose tissue (AT) can impact on the regulation of metabolism and energy homeostasis, particularly considering the different types of adipocytes which exist in mammals, i.e., white adipocytes (white AT; WAT), brown adipocytes (brown AT; BAT), and inducible brown adipocytes in WAT (beige or brite or brown-in-white adipocytes). Indeed, an increasing number of miRNAs has been identified to regulate key signaling pathways of adipogenesis in BAT, brite AT, and WAT by acting on transcription factors that promote or inhibit adipocyte differentiation. For example, MiR-328, MiR-378, MiR-30b/c, MiR-455, MiR-32, and MiR-193b-365 activate brown adipogenesis, whereas MiR-34a, MiR-133, MiR-155, and MiR-27b are brown adipogenesis inhibitors. Given that WAT mainly stores energy as lipids, whilst BAT mainly dissipates energy as heat, clarifying the effects of miRNAs in different types of AT has recently attracted significant research interest, aiming to also develop novel miRNA-based therapies against obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related diseases. Therefore, this review presents an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the role of key regulatory miRNAs in BAT, brite AT, and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seley Gharanei
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kiran Shabir
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (K.S.); (J.E.B.)
| | - James E. Brown
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (K.S.); (J.E.B.)
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Thomas M. Barber
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (K.S.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (K.S.); (J.E.B.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Comparison of polyphenol-rich wine grape seed flour-regulated fecal and blood microRNAs in high-fat, high-fructose diet-induced obese mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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15
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Protective Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Plus Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation Against White Adipose Tissue Abnormalities in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194433. [PMID: 32992508 PMCID: PMC7582637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) elicits white adipose tissue dysfunction. In this study, we have hypothesized that the metabolic modulator eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) combined with the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol (HT) attenuates HFD-induced white adipose tissue (WAT) alterations. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were administered with a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, 20% carbohydrates) or control diet (CD; 10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrates), with or without EPA (50 mg/kg/day), HT (5 mg/kg/day), or both for 12 weeks. Determinations in WAT include morphological parameters, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid content in phospholipids (gas chromatography), lipogenesis, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation markers, and gene expression and activities of transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) (p65 subunit) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Results: HFD led to WAT hypertrophy in relation to PPAR-γ downregulation. WAT metabolic dysfunction was characterized by upregulation of lipogenic SREBP-1c system, mitochondrial energy metabolism depression, loss of the antioxidant Nrf2 signaling with OS enhancement, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids depletion and activation of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB system. EPA and HT co-supplementation diminished HFD-dependent effects additively, reaching values close or similar to controls. Conclusion: Data presented strengthen the importance of combined protocols such as EPA plus HT to attenuate metabolic-inflammatory states triggered by obesity.
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16
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Kalupahana NS, Goonapienuwala BL, Moustaid-Moussa N. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Adipose Tissue: Inflammation and Browning. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:25-49. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are involved in whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Changes to mass and function of these tissues impact glucose homeostasis and whole-body energy balance during development of obesity, weight loss, and subsequent weight regain. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), which have known hypotriglyceridemic and cardioprotective effects, can also impact WAT and BAT function. In rodent models, these fatty acids alleviate obesity-associated WAT inflammation, improve energy metabolism, and increase thermogenic markers in BAT. Emerging evidence suggests that ω-3 PUFAs can also modulate gut microbiota impacting WAT function and adiposity. This review discusses molecular mechanisms, implications of these findings, translation to humans, and future work, especially with reference to the potential of these fatty acids in weight loss maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
| | - Bimba Lakmini Goonapienuwala
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Studies have shown the three-member paraoxonase (PON) multigene family to be involved in the development of a large variety of diseases with an inflammatory component. Environmental factors such as lifestyle-related factors differ widely between populations and it is important to consider that their impacts may be exerted through the epigenetic mechanisms, which connect genes, the environment and disease development and are a potential therapeutic avenue. RECENT FINDINGS In the review period, very little was published on epigenetics of PON2 or PON3, mostly on their diagnostic value in cancer by measuring methylation levels of these genes. However, the picture is more promising with PON1. Here, several studies have linked the epigenetic regulation of PON1 to various metabolic processes and particularly to the development of several diseases, including stroke, heart disease, aortic valve stenosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. SUMMARY Studies into the epigenetic regulation of the PON family are in their infancy. However, recent studies linking epigenetic regulation of PON1 to disease development will encourage further research and open up the possibility for new potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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18
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Kulterer OC, Niederstaetter L, Herz CT, Haug AR, Bileck A, Pils D, Kautzky-Willer A, Gerner C, Kiefer FW. The Presence of Active Brown Adipose Tissue Determines Cold-Induced Energy Expenditure and Oxylipin Profiles in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5825408. [PMID: 32343312 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence links brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increased cold-induced energy expenditure (CIEE) and regulation of lipid metabolism in humans. BAT has also been proposed as a novel source for biologically active lipid mediators including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and oxylipins. However, little is known about cold-mediated differences in energy expenditure and various lipid species between individuals with detectable BAT positive (BATpos) and those without BAT negative (BATneg). METHODS Here we investigated a unique cohort of matched BATpos and BATneg individuals identified by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography ([18F]-FDG PET/CT). BAT function, CIEE, and circulating oxylipins, were analyzed before and after short-term cold exposure using [18F]-FDG PET/CT, indirect calorimetry, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively. RESULTS We found that active BAT is the major determinant of CIEE since only BATpos individuals experienced significantly increased energy expenditure in response to cold. A single bout of moderate cold exposure resulted in the dissipation of an additional 20 kcal excess energy in BATpos but not in BATneg individuals. The presence of BAT was associated with a unique systemic PUFA and oxylipin profile characterized by increased levels of anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids as well as cytochrome P450 products but decreased concentrations of some proinflammatory hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids when compared with BATneg individuals. Notably, cold exposure raised circulating levels of various lipids, including the recently identified BAT-derived circulating factors (BATokines) DiHOME and 12-HEPE, only in BATpos individuals. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data emphasize that BAT in humans is a major contributor toward cold-mediated energy dissipation and a critical organ in the regulation of the systemic lipid pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana C Kulterer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Niederstaetter
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten T Herz
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander R Haug
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Fernández-Galilea M, Félix-Soriano E, Colón-Mesa I, Escoté X, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Omega-3 fatty acids as regulators of brown/beige adipose tissue: from mechanisms to therapeutic potential. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 76:251-267. [PMID: 31853728 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction represents the hallmark of obesity. Brown/beige adipose tissues play a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis through non-shivering thermogenesis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity has been inversely related to body fatness, suggesting that BAT activation is protective against obesity. BAT plays also a key role in the control of triglyceride clearance, glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, BAT/beige activation has been proposed as a strategy to prevent or ameliorate obesity development and associated commorbidities. In the last few years, a variety of preclinical studies have proposed n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) as novel inducers of BAT activity and white adipose tissue browning. Here, we review the in vitro and in vivo available evidences of the thermogenic properties of n-3 PUFAs, especially focusing on the molecular and cellular physiological mechanisms involved. Finally, we also discuss the challenges and future perspectives to better characterize the therapeutic potential of n-3 PUFAs as browning agents, especially in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernández-Galilea
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain.,IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Félix-Soriano
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Colón-Mesa
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xavier Escoté
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain.,Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria J Moreno-Aliaga
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain. .,IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain. .,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Lorente-Cebrián S, Herrera K, I. Milagro F, Sánchez J, de la Garza AL, Castro H. miRNAs and Novel Food Compounds Related to the Browning Process. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5998. [PMID: 31795191 PMCID: PMC6928892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. With the discovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans, BAT activation has emerged as a potential strategy for increasing energy expenditure. Recently, the presence of a third type of fat, referred to as beige or brite (brown in white), has been recognized to be present in certain kinds of white adipose tissue (WAT) depots. It has been suggested that WAT can undergo the process of browning in response to stimuli that induce and enhance the expression of thermogenesis: a metabolic feature typically associated with BAT. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small transcriptional regulators that control gene expression in a variety of tissues, including WAT and BAT. Likewise, it was shown that several food compounds could influence miRNAs associated with browning, thus, potentially contributing to the management of excessive adipose tissue accumulation (obesity) through specific nutritional and dietetic approaches. Therefore, this has created significant excitement towards the development of a promising dietary strategy to promote browning/beiging in WAT to potentially contribute to combat the growing epidemic of obesity. For this reason, we summarize the current knowledge about miRNAs and food compounds that could be applied in promoting adipose browning, as well as the cellular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lorente-Cebrián
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.L.-C.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Katya Herrera
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico; (K.H.)
- Nutrition Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.L.-C.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, 07020 Palma, Spain
| | - Ana Laura de la Garza
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico; (K.H.)
- Nutrition Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico; (K.H.)
- Nutrition Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico
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Miller M. Icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia: insights from the REDUCE-IT Trial. Future Cardiol 2019; 15:391-394. [PMID: 31524535 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2019-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Miller
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA
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22
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Wang Z, Yin ZT, Zhang F, Li XQ, Chen SR, Yang N, Porter TE, Hou Z. Dynamics of transcriptome changes during subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation in ducks. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:688. [PMID: 31477016 PMCID: PMC6720933 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pekin duck is an important animal model for its ability for fat synthesis and deposition. However, transcriptional dynamic regulation of adipose differentiation driven by complex signal cascades remains largely unexplored in this model. This study aimed to explore adipogenic transcriptional dynamics before (proliferation) and after (differentiation) initial preadipocyte differentiation in ducks. RESULTS Exogenous oleic acid alone successfully induced duck subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation. We explored 36 mRNA-seq libraries in order to study transcriptome dynamics during proliferation and differentiation processes at 6 time points. Using robust statistical analysis, we identified 845, 652, 359, 2401 and 1933 genes differentially expressed between -48 h and 0 h, 0 h and 12 h, 12 h and 24 h, 24 h and 48 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively (FDR < 0.05, FC > 1.5). At the proliferation stage, proliferation related pathways and basic cellular and metabolic processes were inhibited, while regulatory factors that initiate differentiation enter the ready-to-activate state, which provides a precondition for initiating adipose differentiation. According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis, pathways positively related to adipogenic differentiation are significantly activated at the differentiation stage, while WNT, FOXO and other pathways that inhibit preadipocyte differentiation are negatively regulated. Moreover, we identified and classified more than 100 transcription factors that showed significant changes during differentiation, and found novel transcription factors that were not reported to be related to preadipoctye differentiation. Finally, we manually assembled a proposed regulation network model of subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation base on the expression data, and suggested that E2F1 may serve as an important link between the processes of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS For the first time we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome dynamics of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. The current study provides a solid basis for understanding the synthesis and deposition of subcutaneous fat in ducks. Furthermore, the information generated will allow future investigations of specific genes involved in particular stages of duck adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si-Rui Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tom E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhuocheng Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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23
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Peng J, Xiong J, Cui C, Huang N, Zhang H, Wu X, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Wei H, Peng J. Maternal Eicosapentaenoic Acid Feeding Decreases Placental Lipid Deposition and Improves the Homeostasis of Oxidative Stress Through a Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) Independent Manner. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900343. [PMID: 31408587 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Maternal obesity has been associated with increased placental lipotoxicity and impaired mitochondrial function. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is an important regulator of both lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. The present study aims to determine whether supplementation of the maternal diet with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can decrease placental lipid deposition and improve antioxidant ability, in a SIRT1-dependent manner. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant SIRT1+/- mice (mated with male SIRT1+/- ) are fed a high-fat diet consisting of 60% of the kcal from fat, or an equienergy EPA diet for 18.5 d. Supplementation with EPA significantly changes maternal plasma, placental and fetal fatty acid composition, and decreases placental and fetal lipid content. In addition, placental antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation products are increased, placental uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and PPARγ coactivator-1 α (PGC1α) expression are activated, and mitochondrial swelling decreases. While SIRT1 deficiency has little effect on placental fatty acid composition and lipid content, decreased fetal lipid deposition is observed, placental PGC1α expression decreases, mitochondrial swelling increases, and placental total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity increases. Both EPA and SIRT1 have no effect on BODIPY-FL-C16 uptake. Interestingly, there is no significant interaction between diet and genotype. CONCLUSION Maternal EPA feeding decreases placental lipid deposition and improves placental oxidative stress homeostasis independent of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jia Xiong
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chenbin Cui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - XiaoYu Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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