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Yang J, Kinyamu HK, Ward JM, Scappini E, Muse G, Archer TK. Unlocking cellular plasticity: enhancing human iPSC reprogramming through bromodomain inhibition and extracellular matrix gene expression regulation. Stem Cells 2024; 42:706-719. [PMID: 38825983 PMCID: PMC11291304 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The transformation from a fibroblast mesenchymal cell state to an epithelial-like state is critical for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming. In this report, we describe studies with PFI-3, a small-molecule inhibitor that specifically targets the bromodomains of SMARCA2/4 and PBRM1 subunits of SWI/SNF complex, as an enhancer of iPSC reprogramming efficiency. Our findings reveal that PFI-3 induces cellular plasticity in multiple human dermal fibroblasts, leading to a mesenchymal-epithelial transition during iPSC formation. This transition is characterized by the upregulation of E-cadherin expression, a key protein involved in epithelial cell adhesion. Additionally, we identified COL11A1 as a reprogramming barrier and demonstrated COL11A1 knockdown increased reprogramming efficiency. Notably, we found that PFI-3 significantly reduced the expression of numerous extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, particularly those involved in collagen assembly. Our research provides key insights into the early stages of iPSC reprogramming, highlighting the crucial role of ECM changes and cellular plasticity in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - H Karimi Kinyamu
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - James M Ward
- Integrative Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Erica Scappini
- The Fluorescence Microscopy and Imaging Center, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Ginger Muse
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Trevor K Archer
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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2
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Lee J, Tang JCY, Dutton J, Dunn R, Fraser WD, Enright K, Clark DR, Stewart CE, Erskine RM. The Collagen Synthesis Response to an Acute Bout of Resistance Exercise Is Greater when Ingesting 30 g Hydrolyzed Collagen Compared with 15 g and 0 g in Resistance-Trained Young Men. J Nutr 2024; 154:2076-2086. [PMID: 38007183 PMCID: PMC11282471 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise (RE) stimulates collagen synthesis in skeletal muscle and tendon but there is limited and equivocal evidence regarding an effect of collagen supplementation and exercise on collagen synthesis. Furthermore, it is not known if a dose-response exists regarding the effect of hydrolyzed collagen (HC) ingestion and RE on collagen synthesis. OBJECTIVE To determine the HC dose-response effect on collagen synthesis after high-intensity RE in resistance-trained young men. METHODS Using a double-blind, randomized crossover design, 10 resistance-trained males (age: 26 ± 3 y; height: 1.77 ± 0.04 m; mass: 79.7 ± 7.0 kg) ingested 0 g, 15 g, or 30 g HC with 50 mg vitamin C 1 h before performing 4 sets' barbell back squat RE at 10-repetition maximum load, after which they rested for 6 h. Blood samples were collected throughout each of the 3 interventions to analyze procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) concentration, and the concentration of 18 collagen amino acids. RESULTS The serum PINP concentration × time area under the curve (AUC) was greater for 30 g (267 ± 79 μg·L-1·h) than for 15 g (235 ± 70 μg·L-1·h, P = 0.013) and 0 g HC (219 ± 88 μg·L-1·h, P = 0.002) but there was no difference between 0 and 15 g HC (P = 0.225). The AUCs of glycine and proline were greater for 30 g than for 15 and 0 g HC (P < 0.05). Plasma β-CTX concentration decreased from -1 to +6 h (P < 0.05), with no differences between interventions. CONCLUSIONS Ingesting 30 g HC before high-intensity RE augments whole-body collagen synthesis more than 15 g and 0 g HC in resistance-trained young males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonsung Lee
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan C Y Tang
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - John Dutton
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rachel Dunn
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - William D Fraser
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK; Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Kevin Enright
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - David R Clark
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Claire E Stewart
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK.
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3
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Lee Satcher R, Fiedler B, Ghali A, Dirschl DR. Effect of Spaceflight and Microgravity on the Musculoskeletal System: A Review. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2024; 32:535-541. [PMID: 38652883 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-23-00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With National Aeronautics and Space Administration's plans for longer distance, longer duration spaceflights such as missions to Mars and the surge in popularity of space tourism, the need to better understand the effects of spaceflight on the musculoskeletal system has never been more present. However, there is a paucity of information on how spaceflight affects orthopaedic health. This review surveys existing literature and discusses the effect of spaceflight on each aspect of the musculoskeletal system. Spaceflight reduces bone mineral density at rapid rates because of multiple mechanisms. While this seems to be recoverable upon re-exposure to gravity, concern for fracture in spaceflight remains as microgravity impairs bone strength and fracture healing. Muscles, tendons, and entheses similarly undergo microgravity adaptation. These changes result in decreased muscle mass, increased tendon laxity, and decreased enthesis stiffness, thus decreasing the strength of the muscle-tendon-enthesis unit with variable recovery upon gravity re-exposure. Spaceflight also affects joint health; unloading of the joints facilitates changes that thin and atrophy cartilage similar to arthritic phenotypes. These changes are likely recoverable upon return to gravity with exercise. Multiple questions remain regarding effects of longer duration flights on health and implications of these findings on terrestrial medicine, which should be the target of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lee Satcher
- From the Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (Lee Satcher), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Fiedler, Ghali, and Dirschl)
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4
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Abhari RE, Snelling SJ, Augustynak E, Davis S, Fischer R, Carr AJ, Mouthuy PA. A Hybrid Electrospun-Extruded Polydioxanone Suture for Tendon Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2024; 30:214-224. [PMID: 38126344 PMCID: PMC10954604 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many surgical tendon repairs fail despite advances in surgical materials and techniques. Tendon repair failure can be partially attributed to the tendon's poor intrinsic healing capacity and the repurposing of sutures from other clinical applications. Electrospun materials show promise as a biological scaffold to support endogenous tendon repair, but their relatively low tensile strength has limited their clinical translation. It is hypothesized that combining electrospun fibers with a material with increased tensile strength may improve the suture's mechanical properties while retaining biophysical cues necessary to encourage cell-mediated repair. This article describes the production of a hybrid electrospun-extruded suture with a sheath of submicron electrospun fibers and a core of melt-extruded fibers. The porosity and tensile strength of this hybrid suture is compared with an electrospun-only braided suture and clinically used sutures Vicryl and polydioxanone (PDS). Bioactivity is assessed by measuring the adsorbed serum proteins on electrospun and melt-extruded filaments using mass spectrometry. Human hamstring tendon fibroblast attachment and proliferation were quantified and compared between the hybrid and control sutures. Combining an electrospun sheath with melt-extruded cores created a hybrid braid with increased tensile strength (70.1 ± 0.3N) compared with an electrospun only suture (12.9 ± 1 N, p < 0.0001). The hybrid suture had a similar force at break to clinical sutures, but lower stiffness and stress. The Young's modulus was 772.6 ± 32 MPa for the hybrid suture, 1693.0 ± 69 MPa for PDS, and 3838.0 ± 132 MPa for Vicryl, p < 0.0001. Hybrid sutures had lower overall porosity than electrospun-only sutures (40 ± 4% and 60 ± 7%, respectively, p = 0.0018) but had a significantly larger overall porosity and average pore diameter compared with surgical sutures. There were similar clusters of adsorbed proteins on electrospun and melt-extruded filaments, which were distinct from PDS. Tendon fibroblast attachment and cell proliferation on hybrid and electrospun sutures were significantly higher than on clinical sutures. This study demonstrated that a bioactive suture with increased tensile strength and lower stiffness could be produced by adding a core of 10 μm melt-extruded fibers to a sheath of electrospun fibers. In contrast to currently used sutures, the hybrid sutures promoted a bioactive response: serum proteins adsorbed, and fibroblasts attached, survived, grew along the sutures, and adopted appropriate morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanna E. Abhari
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J.B. Snelling
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edyta Augustynak
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Davis
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Berniak K, Ura DP, Piórkowski A, Stachewicz U. Cell-Material Interplay in Focal Adhesion Points. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9944-9955. [PMID: 38354103 PMCID: PMC10910443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The complex interplay between cells and materials is a key focus of this research, aiming to develop optimal scaffolds for regenerative medicine. The need for tissue regeneration underscores understanding cellular behavior on scaffolds, especially cell adhesion to polymer fibers forming focal adhesions. Key proteins, paxillin and vinculin, regulate cell signaling, migration, and mechanotransduction in response to the extracellular environment. This study utilizes advanced microscopy, specifically the AiryScan technique, along with advanced image analysis employing the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) cluster algorithm, to investigate protein distribution during osteoblast cell adhesion to polymer fibers and glass substrates. During cell attachment to both glass and polymer fibers, a noticeable shift in the local maxima of paxillin and vinculin signals is observed at the adhesion sites. The focal adhesion sites on polymer fibers are smaller and elliptical but exhibit higher protein density than on the typical glass surface. The characteristics of focal adhesions, influenced by paxillin and vinculin, such as size and density, can potentially reflect the strength and stability of cell adhesion. Efficient adhesion correlates with well-organized, larger focal adhesions characterized by increased accumulation of paxillin and vinculin. These findings offer promising implications for enhancing scaffold design, evaluating adhesion to various substrates, and refining cellular interactions in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Berniak
- Faculty
of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Daniel P. Ura
- Faculty
of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Adam Piórkowski
- Department
of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty
of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
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Hahn F, Ferrandez-Montero A, Queri M, Vancaeyzeele C, Plesse C, Agniel R, Leroy-Dudal J. Electroactive 4D Porous Scaffold Based on Conducting Polymer as a Responsive and Dynamic In Vitro Cell Culture Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5613-5626. [PMID: 38278772 PMCID: PMC10859895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
In vivo, cells reside in a 3D porous and dynamic microenvironment. It provides biochemical and biophysical cues that regulate cell behavior in physiological and pathological processes. In the context of fundamental cell biology research, tissue engineering, and cell-based drug screening systems, a challenge is to develop relevant in vitro models that could integrate the dynamic properties of the cell microenvironment. Taking advantage of the promising high internal phase emulsion templating, we here designed a polyHIPE scaffold with a wide interconnected porosity and functionalized its internal 3D surface with a thin layer of electroactive conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) to turn it into a 4D electroresponsive scaffold. The resulting scaffold was cytocompatible with fibroblasts, supported cellular infiltration, and hosted cells, which display a 3D spreading morphology. It demonstrated robust actuation in ion- and protein-rich complex culture media, and its electroresponsiveness was not altered by fibroblast colonization. Thanks to customized electrochemical stimulation setups, the electromechanical response of the polyHIPE/PEDOT scaffolds was characterized in situ under a confocal microscope and showed 10% reversible volume variations. Finally, the setups were used to monitor in real time and in situ fibroblasts cultured into the polyHIPE/PEDOT scaffold during several cycles of electromechanical stimuli. Thus, we demonstrated the proof of concept of this tunable scaffold as a tool for future 4D cell culture and mechanobiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hahn
- Equipe
de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules (ERRMECe),
Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), I-Mat, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Neuville
sur Oise, France
- Laboratoire
de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), I-Mat, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Ana Ferrandez-Montero
- Equipe
de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules (ERRMECe),
Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), I-Mat, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Neuville
sur Oise, France
- Laboratoire
de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), I-Mat, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Neuville sur Oise, France
- Instituto
de Ceramica y Vidrio (ICV), CSIC, Campus Cantoblanco, Kelsen 5., 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mélodie Queri
- Equipe
de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules (ERRMECe),
Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), I-Mat, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Neuville
sur Oise, France
- Laboratoire
de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), I-Mat, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Cédric Vancaeyzeele
- Laboratoire
de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), I-Mat, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Cédric Plesse
- Laboratoire
de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), I-Mat, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Rémy Agniel
- Equipe
de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules (ERRMECe),
Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), I-Mat, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Neuville
sur Oise, France
| | - Johanne Leroy-Dudal
- Equipe
de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules (ERRMECe),
Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), I-Mat, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Neuville
sur Oise, France
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7
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Cheng L, Yue H, Zhang H, Liu Q, Du L, Liu X, Xie J, Shen Y. The influence of microenvironment stiffness on endothelial cell fate: Implication for occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2023; 334:122233. [PMID: 37918628 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is characterized by phenotypic changes in fibrous proliferation, chronic inflammation and lipid accumulation mediated by vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) which are correlated with the stiffening and ectopic remodeling of local extracellular matrix (ECM). The native residents, ECs and SMCs, are not only affected by various chemical factors including inflammatory mediators and chemokines, but also by a range of physical stimuli, such as shear stress and ECM stiffness, presented in the microenvironmental niche. Especially, ECs, as a semi-selective barrier, can sense mechanical forces, respond quickly to changes in mechanical loading and provide context-specific adaptive responses to restore homeostasis. However, blood arteries undergo stiffening and lose their elasticity with age. Reports have shown that the ECM stiffening could influence EC fate by changing the cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, cell to cell contact, migration and even communication with SMCs. The cell behaviour changes mediated by ECM stiffening are dependent on the activation of a signaling cascade of mechanoperception and mechanotransduction. Although the substantial evidence directly indicates the importance of ECM stiffening on the native ECs, the understanding about this complex interplay is still largely limited. In this review, we systematically summarize the roles of ECM stiffening on the behaviours of endothelial cells and elucidate the underlying details in biological mechanism, aiming to provide the process of how ECs integrate ECM mechanics and the highlights for bioaffinity of tissue-specific engineered scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Yue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huaiyi Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyu Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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8
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Yang J, Karimi Kinyamu H, Ward JM, Scappini E, Archer TK. Unlocking cellular plasticity: Enhancing human iPSC reprogramming through bromodomain inhibition and extracellular matrix gene expression regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562265. [PMID: 37873209 PMCID: PMC10592827 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of fibroblasts into epithelial cells is critical for iPSC reprogramming. In this report, we describe studies with PFI-3, a small molecule inhibitor that specifically targets the bromodomains of SMARCA2/4 and PBRM1 subunit of SWI/SNF complex, as an enhancer of iPSC reprogramming efficiency. Our findings revealed that PFI-3 induces cellular plasticity in multiple human dermal fibroblasts, leading to a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) during iPSC formation. This transition was characterized by the upregulation of E-cadherin expression, a key protein involved in epithelial cell adhesion. Additionally, we identified COL11A1 as a reprogramming barrier and demonstrated COL11A1 knockdown increased reprogramming efficiency. Notably, we found that PFI-3 significantly reduced the expression of numerous extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, particularly those involved in collagen assembly. Our research provides key insights into the early stages of iPSC reprogramming, highlighting the crucial role of ECM changes and cellular plasticity in this process.
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9
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González-González AM, Cruz R, Rosales-Ibáñez R, Hernández-Sánchez F, Carrillo-Escalante HJ, Rodríguez-Martínez JJ, Velasquillo C, Talamás-Lara D, Ludert JE. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Polylactic-Co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) (80:20) Scaffold for Improved Treatment of Chondral (Cartilage) Injuries. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102324. [PMID: 37242899 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a specialized tissue that provides a smooth surface for joint movement and load transmission. Unfortunately, it has limited regenerative capacity. Tissue engineering, combining different cell types, scaffolds, growth factors, and physical stimulation has become an alternative for repairing and regenerating articular cartilage. Dental Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cells (DFMSCs) are attractive candidates for cartilage tissue engineering because of their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, on the other hand, the polymers blend like Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) have shown promise given their mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In this work, the physicochemical properties of polymer blends were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and were positive for both techniques. The DFMSCs demonstrated stemness by flow cytometry. The scaffold showed to be a non-toxic effect when we evaluated it with Alamar blue, and the samples were analyzed using SEM and phalloidin staining to evaluate cell adhesion to the scaffold. The synthesis of glycosaminoglycans was positive on the construct in vitro. Finally, the PCL/PLGA scaffold showed a better repair capacity than two commercial compounds, when tested in a chondral defect rat model. These results suggest that the PCL/PLGA (80:20) scaffold may be suitable for applications in the tissue engineering of articular hyaline cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arely M González-González
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Tisular y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 54090, Mexico
| | - Raymundo Cruz
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Raúl Rosales-Ibáñez
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Tisular y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 54090, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jesús Jiovanni Rodríguez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Tisular y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 54090, Mexico
| | - Cristina Velasquillo
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico
| | - Daniel Talamás-Lara
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Juan E Ludert
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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10
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Hardy M, Feehan L, Savvides G, Wong J. How controlled motion alters the biophysical properties of musculoskeletal tissue architecture. J Hand Ther 2023; 36:269-279. [PMID: 37029054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Movement is fundamental to the normal behaviour of the hand, not only for day-to-day activity, but also for fundamental processes like development, tissue homeostasis and repair. Controlled motion is a concept that hand therapists apply to their patients daily for functional gains, yet the scientific understanding of how this works is poorly understood. PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE To review the biology of the tissues in the hand that respond to movement and provide a basic science understanding of how it can be manipulated to facilitate better functionThe review outlines the concept of controlled motion and actions across the scales of tissue architecture, highlighting the the role of movement forces in tissue development, homeostasis and repair. The biophysical behaviour of mechanosensitve tissues of the hand such as skin, tendon, bone and cartilage are discussed. CONCLUSION Controlled motion during early healing is a form of controlled stress and can be harnessed to generate appropriate reparative tissues. Understanding the temporal and spatial biology of tissue repair allows therapists to tailor therapies that allow optimal recovery based around progressive biophysical stimuli by movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Hardy
- Past Director Rehab Services and Hand Management Center, St. Dominic Hospital, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lynne Feehan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Georgia Savvides
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Wong
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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11
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Wang C, Ramahdita G, Genin G, Huebsch N, Ma Z. Dynamic mechanobiology of cardiac cells and tissues: Current status and future perspective. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011314. [PMID: 37008887 PMCID: PMC10062054 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces impact cardiac cells and tissues over their entire lifespan, from development to growth and eventually to pathophysiology. However, the mechanobiological pathways that drive cell and tissue responses to mechanical forces are only now beginning to be understood, due in part to the challenges in replicating the evolving dynamic microenvironments of cardiac cells and tissues in a laboratory setting. Although many in vitro cardiac models have been established to provide specific stiffness, topography, or viscoelasticity to cardiac cells and tissues via biomaterial scaffolds or external stimuli, technologies for presenting time-evolving mechanical microenvironments have only recently been developed. In this review, we summarize the range of in vitro platforms that have been used for cardiac mechanobiological studies. We provide a comprehensive review on phenotypic and molecular changes of cardiomyocytes in response to these environments, with a focus on how dynamic mechanical cues are transduced and deciphered. We conclude with our vision of how these findings will help to define the baseline of heart pathology and of how these in vitro systems will potentially serve to improve the development of therapies for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghiska Ramahdita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | | | | | - Zhen Ma
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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12
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Pensalfini M, Tepole AB. Mechano-biological and bio-mechanical pathways in cutaneous wound healing. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010902. [PMID: 36893170 PMCID: PMC10030043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries to the skin heal through coordinated action of fibroblast-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, ECM remodeling, and wound contraction. Defects involving the dermis result in fibrotic scars featuring increased stiffness and altered collagen content and organization. Although computational models are crucial to unravel the underlying biochemical and biophysical mechanisms, simulations of the evolving wound biomechanics are seldom benchmarked against measurements. Here, we leverage recent quantifications of local tissue stiffness in murine wounds to refine a previously-proposed systems-mechanobiological finite-element model. Fibroblasts are considered as the main cell type involved in ECM remodeling and wound contraction. Tissue rebuilding is coordinated by the release and diffusion of a cytokine wave, e.g. TGF-β, itself developed in response to an earlier inflammatory signal triggered by platelet aggregation. We calibrate a model of the evolving wound biomechanics through a custom-developed hierarchical Bayesian inverse analysis procedure. Further calibration is based on published biochemical and morphological murine wound healing data over a 21-day healing period. The calibrated model recapitulates the temporal evolution of: inflammatory signal, fibroblast infiltration, collagen buildup, and wound contraction. Moreover, it enables in silico hypothesis testing, which we explore by: (i) quantifying the alteration of wound contraction profiles corresponding to the measured variability in local wound stiffness; (ii) proposing alternative constitutive links connecting the dynamics of the biochemical fields to the evolving mechanical properties; (iii) discussing the plausibility of a stretch- vs. stiffness-mediated mechanobiological coupling. Ultimately, our model challenges the current understanding of wound biomechanics and mechanobiology, beside offering a versatile tool to explore and eventually control scar fibrosis after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pensalfini
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Institute for Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LaCàN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Buganza Tepole
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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13
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Loerakker S, Humphrey JD. Computer Model-Driven Design in Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:45-57. [PMID: 35974236 PMCID: PMC9832109 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Continuing advances in genomics, molecular and cellular mechanobiology and immunobiology, including transcriptomics and proteomics, and biomechanics increasingly reveal the complexity underlying native tissue and organ structure and function. Identifying methods to repair, regenerate, or replace vital tissues and organs remains one of the greatest challenges of modern biomedical engineering, one that deserves our very best effort. Notwithstanding the continuing need for improving standard methods of investigation, including cell, organoid, and tissue culture, biomaterials development and fabrication, animal models, and clinical research, it is increasingly evident that modern computational methods should play increasingly greater roles in advancing the basic science, bioengineering, and clinical application of regenerative medicine. This brief review focuses on the development and application of computational models of tissue and organ mechanobiology and mechanics for purposes of designing tissue engineered constructs and understanding their development in vitro and in situ. Although the basic approaches are general, for illustrative purposes we describe two recent examples from cardiovascular medicine-tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) and tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs)-to highlight current methods of approach as well as continuing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Loerakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale University and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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14
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Development of Inhalable Spray Dried Nitrofurantoin Formulations for the Treatment of Emphysema. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010146. [PMID: 36678775 PMCID: PMC9867496 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A central characteristic of emphysematous progression is the continuous destruction of the lung extracellular matrix (ECM). Current treatments for emphysema have only addressed symptoms rather than preventing or reversing the loss of lung ECM. Nitrofurantoin (NF) is an antibiotic that has the potential to induce lung fibrosis as a side effect upon oral administration. Our study aims to repurpose NF as an inhalable therapeutic strategy to upregulate ECM expression, thereby reversing the disease progression within the emphysematous lung. Spray-dried (SD) formulations of NF were prepared in conjunction with a two-fluid nozzle (2FN) and three-fluid nozzle (3FN) using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and NF at 1:1 w/w. The formulations were characterized for their physicochemical properties (particle size, morphology, solid-state characteristics, aerodynamic behaviour, and dissolution properties) and characterized in vitro with efficacy studies on human lung fibroblasts. The 2FN formulation displayed a mass mean aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1.8 ± 0.05 µm and fine particle fraction (FPF) of 87.4 ± 2.8% with significantly greater deposition predicted in the lower lung region compared to the 3FN formulation (MMAD: 4.4 ± 0.4 µm; FPF: 40 ± 5.8%). Furthermore, drug dissolution studies showed that NF released from the 2FN formulation after 3 h was significantly higher (55.7%) as compared to the 3FN formulation (42.4%). Importantly, efficacy studies in human lung fibroblasts showed that the 2FN formulation induced significantly enhanced ECM protein expression levels of periostin and Type IV Collagen (203.2% and 84.2% increase, respectively) compared to untreated cells, while 3FN formulations induced only a 172.5% increase in periostin and a 38.1% increase in type IV collagen. In conclusion, our study highlights the influence of nozzle choice in inhalable spray-dried formulations and supports the feasibility of using SD NF prepared using 2FN as a potential inhalable therapeutic agent to upregulate ECM protein production.
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15
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Luo W, Wang Y, Han Q, Wang Z, Jiao J, Gong X, Liu Y, Zhang A, Zhang H, Chen H, Wang J, Wu M. Advanced strategies for constructing interfacial tissues of bone and tendon/ligament. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221144714. [PMID: 36582940 PMCID: PMC9793068 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221144714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enthesis, the interfacial tissue between a tendon/ligament and bone, exhibits a complex histological transition from soft to hard tissue, which significantly complicates its repair and regeneration after injury. Because traditional surgical treatments for enthesis injury are not satisfactory, tissue engineering has emerged as a strategy for improving treatment success. Rapid advances in enthesis tissue engineering have led to the development of several strategies for promoting enthesis tissue regeneration, including biological scaffolds, cells, growth factors, and biophysical modulation. In this review, we discuss recent advances in enthesis tissue engineering, particularly the use of biological scaffolds, as well as perspectives on the future directions in enthesis tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin
Province, Changchun, China
| | - Jianhang Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuqiang Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Aobo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,Minfei Wu, Department of Orthopedics, The
Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Sreet, Changchun 130041, China.
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16
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Liu H, Chansoria P, Delrot P, Angelidakis E, Rizzo R, Rütsche D, Applegate LA, Loterie D, Zenobi-Wong M. Filamented Light (FLight) Biofabrication of Highly Aligned Tissue-Engineered Constructs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204301. [PMID: 36095325 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell-laden hydrogels used in tissue engineering generally lack sufficient 3D topographical guidance for cells to mature into aligned tissues. A new strategy called filamented light (FLight) biofabrication rapidly creates hydrogels composed of unidirectional microfilament networks, with diameters on the length scale of single cells. Due to optical modulation instability, a light beam is divided optically into FLight beams. Local polymerization of a photoactive resin is triggered, leading to local increase in refractive index, which itself creates self-focusing waveguides and further polymerization of photoresin into long hydrogel microfilaments. Diameter and spacing of the microfilaments can be tuned from 2 to 30 µm by changing the coherence length of the light beam. Microfilaments show outstanding cell instructive properties with fibroblasts, tenocytes, endothelial cells, and myoblasts, influencing cell alignment, nuclear deformation, and extracellular matrix deposition. FLight is compatible with multiple types of photoresins and allows for biofabrication of centimeter-scale hydrogel constructs with excellent cell viability within seconds (<10 s per construct). Multidirectional microfilaments are achievable within a single hydrogel construct by changing the direction of FLight projection, and complex multimaterial/multicellular tissue-engineered constructs are possible by sequentially exchanging the cell-laden photoresin. FLight offers a transformational approach to developing anisotropic tissues using photo-crosslinkable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Parth Chansoria
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Paul Delrot
- Readily3D SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Emmanouil Angelidakis
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Rütsche
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - Damien Loterie
- Readily3D SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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17
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Huang YT, Wu YF, Wang HK, Yao CCJ, Chiu YH, Sun JS, Chao YH. Cyclic mechanical stretch regulates the AMPK/Egr1 pathway in tenocytes via Ca2+-mediated mechanosensing. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:590-602. [PMID: 35229695 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2044321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanical stimuli are essential for the maintenance of tendon tissue homeostasis. The study aims to elucidate the mechanobiological mechanisms underlying the maintenance of tenocyte homeostasis by cyclic mechanical stretch under high-glucose (HG) condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary tenocytes were isolated from rat Achilles tendon and 2D-cultured under HG condition. The in vitro effects of a single bout, 2-h cyclic biaxial stretch session (1 Hz, 8%) on primary rat tenocytes were explored through Flexcell system. Cell viability, tenogenic gene expression, intracellular calcium concentration, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression, and signaling pathway activation were analyzed in tenocytes with or without mechanical stretch. RESULTS Mechanical stretch increased tenocyte proliferation and upregulated early growth response protein 1 (Egr1) expression. An increase in intracellular calcium was observed after 30 min of stretching. Mechanical stretch phosphorylated FAK, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2), and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a time-dependent manner, and these effects were abrogated after blocking intracellular calcium. Inhibition of FAK, CaMKK2, and AMPK downregulated the expression of Egr1. In addition, mechanical stretch reinforced cytoskeletal organization via calcium (Ca2+)/FAK signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that mechanical stretch-induced calcium influx activated CaMKK2/AMPK signaling and FAK-cytoskeleton reorganization, thereby promoting the expression of Egr1, which may help maintain tendon cell characteristics and homeostasis in the context of diabetic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Huang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Wu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Hsing-Kuo Wang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chen Jane Yao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Chiu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Tai-Chung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Chao
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Zitnay RG, Herron MR, Carney KR, Potter S, Emerson LL, Weiss JA, Mendoza MC. Mechanics of lung cancer: A finite element model shows strain amplification during early tumorigenesis. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010153. [PMID: 36279309 PMCID: PMC9632844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Early lung cancer lesions develop within a unique microenvironment that undergoes constant cyclic stretch from respiration. While tumor stiffening is an established driver of tumor progression, the contribution of stress and strain to lung cancer is unknown. We developed tissue scale finite element models of lung tissue to test how early lesions alter respiration-induced strain. We found that an early tumor, represented as alveolar filling, amplified the strain experienced in the adjacent alveolar walls. Tumor stiffening further increased the amplitude of the strain in the adjacent alveolar walls and extended the strain amplification deeper into the normal lung. In contrast, the strain experienced in the tumor proper was less than the applied strain, although regions of amplification appeared at the tumor edge. Measurements of the alveolar wall thickness in clinical and mouse model samples of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) showed wall thickening adjacent to the tumors, consistent with cellular response to strain. Modeling alveolar wall thickening by encircling the tumor with thickened walls moved the strain amplification radially outward, to the next adjacent alveolus. Simulating iterative thickening in response to amplified strain produced tracks of thickened walls. We observed such tracks in early-stage clinical samples. The tracks were populated with invading tumor cells, suggesting that strain amplification in very early lung lesions could guide pro-invasive remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. The simulation results and tumor measurements suggest that cells at the edge of a lung tumor and in surrounding alveolar walls experience increased strain during respiration that could promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G. Zitnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Herron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Keith R. Carney
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Scott Potter
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lyska L. Emerson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Michelle C. Mendoza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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19
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Wei J, Yao J, Yan M, Xie Y, Liu P, Mao Y, Li X. The role of matrix stiffness in cancer stromal cell fate and targeting therapeutic strategies. Acta Biomater 2022; 150:34-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Regulation of collagen deposition in the trout heart during thermal acclimation. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:99-108. [PMID: 35243359 PMCID: PMC8857596 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The passive mechanical properties of the vertebrate heart are controlled in part by the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Changes in the ECM, caused by increased blood pressure, injury or disease can affect the capacity of the heart to fill with blood during diastole. In mammalian species, cardiac fibrosis caused by an increase in collagen in the ECM, leads to a loss of heart function and these changes in composition are considered to be permanent. Recent work has demonstrated that the cardiac ventricle of some fish species have the capacity to both increase and decrease collagen content in response to thermal acclimation. It is thought that these changes in collagen content help maintain ventricle function over seasonal changes in environmental temperatures. This current work reviews the cellular mechanisms responsible for regulating collagen deposition in the mammalian heart and proposes a cellular pathway by which a change in temperature can affect the collagen content of the fish ventricle through mechanotransduction. This work specifically focuses on the role of transforming growth factor β1, MAPK signaling pathways, and biomechanical stretch in regulating collagen content in the fish ventricle. It is hoped that this work increases the appreciation of the use of comparative models to gain insight into phenomenon with biomedical relevance.
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21
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Zhu B, Chen HX, Li S, Tan JH, Xie Y, Zou MX, Wang C, Xue JB, Li XL, Cao Y, Yan YG. Comprehensive analysis of N6-methyladenosine (m 6A) modification during the degeneration of lumbar intervertebral disc in mice. J Orthop Translat 2022; 31:126-138. [PMID: 34976732 PMCID: PMC8685911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification pattern of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue during intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Methods A standing mouse model was generated, and staining and imaging methods were used to evaluate the IDD model. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) was used to analyze m6A methylation-associated transcripts in the NP, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of methylation-related enzymes and conduct bio-informatics analysis. Results The standing mouse model caused IDD. Continuous axial pressure changed the expression of related methylases in degenerated NP tissue. Relative to the control group, the expression levels of KIAA1429, METTL14, METTL3, METTL4, WTAP, DGCR8, EIF3A and YTHDC1 in the experimental group were higher, while those of FTO, ELAVL1, HNRNPC1 and SRSF2 were lower. We identified 985 differentially expressed genes through MeRIP-Seq, among which 363 genes were significantly up-regulated, and 622 genes were significantly down-regulated. In addition, among the 9648 genes counted, 1319 m6A peaks with significant differences in methylation were identified, among which 933 were significantly up-regulated, and 386 were significantly down-regulated. Genes and pathways that were enriched in IDD have been identified. Conclusion The results of this study elucidated the m6A methylation pattern of NP tissue in degenerated lumbar intervertebral disc of mice and provided new perspectives and clues for research on and the treatment of lumbar disc degeneration. The Translational potential of this article As one of the important causes of low back and leg pain, intervertebral disc degeneration brings a huge economic burden to the society, family and medical system. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration is of great significance for guiding clinical treatment. In this study, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing on mice lumbar nucleus pulposus tissues found that differentially expressed genes and changes in the expression of related methylases, confirming that RNA methylation is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration. The process provides new vision and clues for future research on intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hao-xiang Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jing-hua Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-xiang Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jing-bo Xue
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xue-lin Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yi-guo Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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22
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Halper J. Basic Components of Connective Tissues and Extracellular Matrix: Fibronectin, Fibrinogen, Laminin, Elastin, Fibrillins, Fibulins, Matrilins, Tenascins and Thrombospondins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:105-126. [PMID: 34807416 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagens are the most abundant components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and many types of soft tissues. Elastin is another major component of certain soft tissues, such as arterial walls and ligaments. It is an insoluble polymer of the monomeric soluble precursor tropoelastin, and the main component of elastic fibers in matrix tissue where it provides elastic recoil and resilience to a variety of connective tissues, e.g., aorta and ligaments. Elastic fibers regulate activity of transforming growth factors β (TGFβ) through their association with fibrillin microfibrils. Elastin also plays a role in cell adhesion, cell migration, and has the ability to participate in cell signaling. Mutations in the elastin gene lead to cutis laxa. Many other molecules, though lower in quantity, function as essential, structural and/or functional components of the extracellular matrix in soft tissues. Some of these are reviewed in this chapter. Besides their basic structure, biochemistry and physiology, their roles in disorders of soft tissues are discussed only briefly as most chapters in this volume deal with relevant individual compounds. Fibronectin with its multidomain structure plays a role of "master organizer" in matrix assembly as it forms a bridge between cell surface receptors, e.g., integrins, and compounds such collagen, proteoglycans and other focal adhesion molecules. It also plays an essential role in the assembly of fibrillin-1 into a structured network. Though the primary role of fibrinogen is in clot formation, after conversion to fibrin by thrombin it also binds to a variety of compounds, particularly to various growth factors, and as such, fibrinogen is a player in cardiovascular and extracellular matrix physiology. Laminins contribute to the structure of the ECM and modulate cellular functions such as adhesion, differentiation, migration, stability of phenotype, and resistance towards apoptosis. Fibrillins represent the predominant core of microfibrils in elastic as well as non-elastic extracellular matrixes, and interact closely with tropoelastin and integrins. Not only do microfibrils provide structural integrity of specific organ systems, but they also provide basis for elastogenesis in elastic tissues. Fibrillin is important for the assembly of elastin into elastic fibers. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene are closely associated with Marfan syndrome. Latent TGFβ binding proteins (LTBPs) are included here as their structure is similar to fibrillins. Several categories of ECM components described after fibrillins are sub-classified as matricellular proteins, i.e., they are secreted into ECM, but do not provide structure. Rather they interact with cell membrane receptors, collagens, proteases, hormones and growth factors, communicating and directing cell-ECM traffic. Fibulins are tightly connected with basement membranes, elastic fibers and other components of extracellular matrix and participate in formation of elastic fibers. Matrilins have been emerging as a new group of supporting actors, and their role in connective tissue physiology and pathophysiology has not been fully characterized. Tenascins are ECM polymorphic glycoproteins found in many connective tissues in the body. Their expression is regulated by mechanical stress both during development and in adulthood. Tenascins mediate both inflammatory and fibrotic processes to enable effective tissue repair and play roles in pathogenesis of Ehlers-Danlos, heart disease, and regeneration and recovery of musculo-tendinous tissue. One of the roles of thrombospondin 1 is activation of TGFβ. Increased expression of thrombospondin and TGFβ activity was observed in fibrotic skin disorders such as keloids and scleroderma. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) or thrombospondin-5 is primarily present in the cartilage. High levels of COMP are present in fibrotic scars and systemic sclerosis of the skin, and in tendon, especially with physical activity, loading and post-injury. It plays a role in vascular wall remodeling and has been found in atherosclerotic plaques as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Halper
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Basic Sciences, AU/UGA Medical Partnership, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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23
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Xue W, Shi W, Kong Y, Kuss M, Duan B. Anisotropic scaffolds for peripheral nerve and spinal cord regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4141-4160. [PMID: 33997498 PMCID: PMC8099454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of long-gap (>10 mm) peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a continuous challenge due to limited native tissue regeneration capabilities. The current clinical strategy of using autografts for PNI suffers from a source shortage, while the pharmacological treatment for SCI presents dissatisfactory results. Tissue engineering, as an alternative, is a promising approach for regenerating peripheral nerves and spinal cords. Through providing a beneficial environment, a scaffold is the primary element in tissue engineering. In particular, scaffolds with anisotropic structures resembling the native extracellular matrix (ECM) can effectively guide neural outgrowth and reconnection. In this review, the anatomy of peripheral nerves and spinal cords, as well as current clinical treatments for PNI and SCI, is first summarized. An overview of the critical components in peripheral nerve and spinal cord tissue engineering and the current status of regeneration approaches are also discussed. Recent advances in the fabrication of anisotropic surface patterns, aligned fibrous substrates, and 3D hydrogel scaffolds, as well as their in vitro and in vivo effects are highlighted. Finally, we summarize potential mechanisms underlying the anisotropic architectures in orienting axonal and glial cell growth, along with their challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xue
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yunfan Kong
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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24
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Yeh CF, Chou C, Yang KC. Mechanotransduction in fibrosis: Mechanisms and treatment targets. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:279-314. [PMID: 34696888 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
To perceive and integrate the environmental cues, cells and tissues sense and interpret various physical forces like shear, tensile, and compression stress. Mechanotransduction involves the sensing and translation of mechanical forces into biochemical and mechanical signals to guide cell fate and achieve tissue homeostasis. Disruption of this mechanical homeostasis by tissue injury elicits multiple cellular responses leading to pathological matrix deposition and tissue stiffening, and consequent evolution toward pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic phenotypes, leading to tissue/organ fibrosis. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms linking mechanotransduction to fibrosis and uncovers the potential therapeutic targets to halt or resolve fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fan Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Caroline Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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25
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Eichinger JF, Paukner D, Aydin RC, Wall WA, Humphrey JD, Cyron CJ. What do cells regulate in soft tissues on short time scales? Acta Biomater 2021; 134:348-356. [PMID: 34332102 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells within living soft biological tissues seem to promote the maintenance of a mechanical state within a defined range near a so-called set-point. This mechanobiological process is often referred to as mechanical homeostasis. During this process, cells interact with the fibers of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). It remains poorly understood, however, what individual cells actually regulate during these interactions, and how these micromechanical regulations are translated to the tissue-level to lead to what we observe as biomaterial properties. Herein, we examine this question by a combination of experiments, theoretical analysis, and computational modeling. We demonstrate that on short time scales (hours) - during which deposition and degradation of ECM fibers can largely be neglected - cells appear to not regulate the stress / strain in the ECM or their own shape, but rather only the contractile forces that they exert on the surrounding ECM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cells in soft biological tissues sense and regulate the mechanical state of the extracellular matrix to ensure structural integrity and functionality. This so-called mechanical homeostasis plays an important role in the natural history of various diseases such as aneurysms in the cardiovascular system or cancer. Yet, it remains poorly understood to date which target quantity cells regulate on the mircroscale and how it translates to the macroscale. In this paper, we combine experiments, computer simulations, and theoretical analysis to compare different hypotheses about this target quantity. This allows us to identify a likely candidate for it at least on short time scales and in the simplified environment of tissue equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Eichinger
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany; Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Paukner
- Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Roland C Aydin
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang A Wall
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Christian J Cyron
- Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
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26
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Holwerda AM, van Loon LJC. The impact of collagen protein ingestion on musculoskeletal connective tissue remodeling: a narrative review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1497-1514. [PMID: 34605901 PMCID: PMC9086765 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the central structural component of extracellular connective tissue, which provides elastic qualities to tissues. For skeletal muscle, extracellular connective tissue transmits contractile force to the tendons and bones. Connective tissue proteins are in a constant state of remodeling and have been shown to express a high level of plasticity. Dietary-protein ingestion increases muscle protein synthesis rates. High-quality, rapidly digestible proteins are generally considered the preferred protein source to maximally stimulate myofibrillar (contractile) protein synthesis rates. In contrast, recent evidence demonstrates that protein ingestion does not increase muscle connective tissue protein synthesis. The absence of an increase in muscle connective tissue protein synthesis after protein ingestion may be explained by insufficient provision of glycine and/or proline. Dietary collagen contains large amounts of glycine and proline and, therefore, has been proposed to provide the precursors required to facilitate connective tissue protein synthesis. This literature review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the current knowledge on the proposed benefits of dietary collagen consumption to stimulate connective tissue remodeling to improve health and functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Holwerda
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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27
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Furnishing Wound Repair by the Subcutaneous Fascia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169006. [PMID: 34445709 PMCID: PMC8396603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals rapidly heal wounds through fibrous connective tissue build up and tissue contraction. Recent findings from mouse attribute wound healing to physical mobilization of a fibroelastic connective tissue layer that resides beneath the skin, termed subcutaneous fascia or superficial fascia, into sites of injury. Fascial mobilization assembles diverse cell types and matrix components needed for rapid wound repair. These observations suggest that the factors directly affecting fascial mobility are responsible for chronic skin wounds and excessive skin scarring. In this review, we discuss the link between the fascia's unique tissue anatomy, composition, biomechanical, and rheologic properties to its ability to mobilize its tissue assemblage. Fascia is thus at the forefront of tissue pathology and a better understanding of how it is mobilized may crystallize our view of wound healing alterations during aging, diabetes, and fibrous disease and create novel therapeutic strategies for wound repair.
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28
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Leslie MN, Chou J, Young PM, Traini D, Bradbury P, Ong HX. How Do Mechanics Guide Fibroblast Activity? Complex Disruptions during Emphysema Shape Cellular Responses and Limit Research. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:110. [PMID: 34436113 PMCID: PMC8389228 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8080110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emphysema death toll has steadily risen over recent decades, causing the disease to become the third most common cause of death worldwide in 2019. Emphysema is currently incurable and could be due to a genetic condition (Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency) or exposure to pollutants/irritants, such as cigarette smoke or poorly ventilated cooking fires. Despite the growing burden of emphysema, the mechanisms behind emphysematous pathogenesis and progression are not fully understood by the scientific literature. A key aspect of emphysematous progression is the destruction of the lung parenchyma extracellular matrix (ECM), causing a drastic shift in the mechanical properties of the lung (known as mechanobiology). The mechanical properties of the lung such as the stiffness of the parenchyma (measured as the elastic modulus) and the stretch forces required for inhalation and exhalation are both reduced in emphysema. Fibroblasts function to maintain the structural and mechanical integrity of the lung parenchyma, yet, in the context of emphysema, these fibroblasts appear incapable of repairing the ECM, allowing emphysema to progress. This relationship between the disturbances in the mechanical cues experienced by an emphysematous lung and fibroblast behaviour is constantly overlooked and consequently understudied, thus warranting further research. Interestingly, the failure of current research models to integrate the altered mechanical environment of an emphysematous lung may be limiting our understanding of emphysematous pathogenesis and progression, potentially disrupting the development of novel treatments. This review will focus on the significance of emphysematous lung mechanobiology to fibroblast activity and current research limitations by examining: (1) the impact of mechanical cues on fibroblast activity and the cell cycle, (2) the potential role of mechanical cues in the diminished activity of emphysematous fibroblasts and, finally, (3) the limitations of current emphysematous lung research models and treatments as a result of the overlooked emphysematous mechanical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew N. Leslie
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (M.N.L.); (P.M.Y.); (D.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Healthy and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Joshua Chou
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Paul M. Young
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (M.N.L.); (P.M.Y.); (D.T.)
- Department of Marketing, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (M.N.L.); (P.M.Y.); (D.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Healthy and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Peta Bradbury
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (M.N.L.); (P.M.Y.); (D.T.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumoral Development Group, UMR168—Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (M.N.L.); (P.M.Y.); (D.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Healthy and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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29
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desJardins-Park HE, Wan DC. Leveraging Mechanical Forces to Target Insulin Injection-Induced Lipohypertrophy and Fibrosis. Diabetes Spectr 2021; 34:308-312. [PMID: 34511858 PMCID: PMC8387605 DOI: 10.2337/ds20-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
Cells of the vascular wall are exquisitely sensitive to changes in their mechanical environment. In healthy vessels, mechanical forces regulate signaling and gene expression to direct the remodeling needed for the vessel wall to maintain optimal function. Major diseases of arteries involve maladaptive remodeling with compromised or lost homeostatic mechanisms. Whereas homeostasis invokes negative feedback loops at multiple scales to mediate mechanobiological stability, disease progression often occurs via positive feedback that generates mechanobiological instabilities. In this review, we focus on the cell biology, wall mechanics, and regulatory pathways associated with arterial health and how changes in these processes lead to disease. We discuss how positive feedback loops arise via biomechanical and biochemical means. We conclude that inflammation plays a central role in overriding homeostatic pathways and suggest future directions for addressing therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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31
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Eichinger JF, Grill MJ, Kermani ID, Aydin RC, Wall WA, Humphrey JD, Cyron CJ. A computational framework for modeling cell-matrix interactions in soft biological tissues. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1851-1870. [PMID: 34173132 PMCID: PMC8450219 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Living soft tissues appear to promote the development and maintenance of a preferred mechanical state within a defined tolerance around a so-called set point. This phenomenon is often referred to as mechanical homeostasis. In contradiction to the prominent role of mechanical homeostasis in various (patho)physiological processes, its underlying micromechanical mechanisms acting on the level of individual cells and fibers remain poorly understood, especially how these mechanisms on the microscale lead to what we macroscopically call mechanical homeostasis. Here, we present a novel computational framework based on the finite element method that is constructed bottom up, that is, it models key mechanobiological mechanisms such as actin cytoskeleton contraction and molecular clutch behavior of individual cells interacting with a reconstructed three-dimensional extracellular fiber matrix. The framework reproduces many experimental observations regarding mechanical homeostasis on short time scales (hours), in which the deposition and degradation of extracellular matrix can largely be neglected. This model can serve as a systematic tool for future in silico studies of the origin of the numerous still unexplained experimental observations about mechanical homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Eichinger
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany.,Institute for Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Grill
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Iman Davoodi Kermani
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Roland C Aydin
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Wall
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Christian J Cyron
- Institute for Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany. .,Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany.
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Eichinger JF, Haeusel LJ, Paukner D, Aydin RC, Humphrey JD, Cyron CJ. Mechanical homeostasis in tissue equivalents: a review. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:833-850. [PMID: 33683513 PMCID: PMC8154823 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that growth and remodeling of load bearing soft biological tissues is to a large extent controlled by mechanical factors. Mechanical homeostasis, which describes the natural tendency of such tissues to establish, maintain, or restore a preferred mechanical state, is thought to be one mechanism by which such control is achieved across multiple scales. Yet, many questions remain regarding what promotes or prevents homeostasis. Tissue equivalents, such as collagen gels seeded with living cells, have become an important tool to address these open questions under well-defined, though limited, conditions. This article briefly reviews the current state of research in this area. It summarizes, categorizes, and compares experimental observations from the literature that focus on the development of tension in tissue equivalents. It focuses primarily on uniaxial and biaxial experimental studies, which are well-suited for quantifying interactions between mechanics and biology. The article concludes with a brief discussion of key questions for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Eichinger
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lea J Haeusel
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Paukner
- Institute of Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Roland C Aydin
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Christian J Cyron
- Institute of Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
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Behmer Hansen RA, Wang X, Kaw G, Pierre V, Senyo SE. Accounting for Material Changes in Decellularized Tissue with Underutilized Methodologies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6696295. [PMID: 34159202 PMCID: PMC8187050 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6696295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue decellularization has rapidly developed to be a practical approach in tissue engineering research; biological tissue is cleared of cells resulting in a protein-rich husk as a natural scaffold for growing transplanted cells as a donor organ therapy. Minimally processed, acellular extracellular matrix reproduces natural interactions with cells in vitro and for tissue engineering applications in animal models. There are many decellularization techniques that achieve preservation of molecular profile (proteins and sugars), microstructure features such as organization of ECM layers (interstitial matrix and basement membrane) and organ level macrofeatures (vasculature and tissue compartments). While structural and molecular cues receive attention, mechanical and material properties of decellularized tissues are not often discussed. The effects of decellularization on an organ depend on the tissue properties, clearing mechanism, chemical interactions, solubility, temperature, and treatment duration. Physical characterization by a few labs including work from the authors provides evidence that decellularization protocols should be tailored to specific research questions. Physical characterization beyond histology and immunohistochemistry of the decellularized matrix (dECM) extends evaluation of retained functional features of the original tissue. We direct our attention to current technologies that can be employed for structure function analysis of dECM using underutilized tools such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass spectrometry, and rheometry. Structural imaging and mechanical functional testing combined with high-throughput molecular analyses opens a new approach for a deeper appreciation of how cellular behavior is influenced by the isolated microenvironment (specifically dECM). Additionally, the impact of these features with different decellularization techniques and generation of synthetic material scaffolds with desired attributes are informed. Ultimately, this mechanical profiling provides a new dimension to our understanding of decellularized matrix and its role in new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Behmer Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xinming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gitanjali Kaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valinteshley Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samuel E. Senyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Meeremans M, Van de Walle GR, Van Vlierberghe S, De Schauwer C. The Lack of a Representative Tendinopathy Model Hampers Fundamental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651164. [PMID: 34012963 PMCID: PMC8126669 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overuse tendon injuries are a major cause of musculoskeletal morbidity in both human and equine athletes, due to the cumulative degenerative damage. These injuries present significant challenges as the healing process often results in the formation of inferior scar tissue. The poor success with conventional therapy supports the need to search for novel treatments to restore functionality and regenerate tissue as close to native tendon as possible. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based strategies represent promising therapeutic tools for tendon repair in both human and veterinary medicine. The translation of tissue engineering strategies from basic research findings, however, into clinical use has been hampered by the limited understanding of the multifaceted MSC mechanisms of action. In vitro models serve as important biological tools to study cell behavior, bypassing the confounding factors associated with in vivo experiments. Controllable and reproducible in vitro conditions should be provided to study the MSC healing mechanisms in tendon injuries. Unfortunately, no physiologically representative tendinopathy models exist to date. A major shortcoming of most currently available in vitro tendon models is the lack of extracellular tendon matrix and vascular supply. These models often make use of synthetic biomaterials, which do not reflect the natural tendon composition. Alternatively, decellularized tendon has been applied, but it is challenging to obtain reproducible results due to its variable composition, less efficient cell seeding approaches and lack of cell encapsulation and vascularization. The current review will overview pros and cons associated with the use of different biomaterials and technologies enabling scaffold production. In addition, the characteristics of the ideal, state-of-the-art tendinopathy model will be discussed. Briefly, a representative in vitro tendinopathy model should be vascularized and mimic the hierarchical structure of the tendon matrix with elongated cells being organized in a parallel fashion and subjected to uniaxial stretching. Incorporation of mechanical stimulation, preferably uniaxial stretching may be a key element in order to obtain appropriate matrix alignment and create a pathophysiological model. Together, a thorough discussion on the current status and future directions for tendon models will enhance fundamental MSC research, accelerating translation of MSC therapies for tendon injuries from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Meeremans
- Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Catharina De Schauwer
- Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Silawal S, Kohl B, Shi J, Schulze-Tanzil G. Complement Regulation in Human Tenocytes under the Influence of Anaphylatoxin C5a. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063105. [PMID: 33803624 PMCID: PMC8003014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A central part of the complement system, the anaphylatoxin C5a was investigated in this study to learn its effects on tenocytes in respect to understanding the potential expression of other crucial complement factors and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in tendinopathy. Human hamstring tendon-derived tenocytes were treated with recombinant C5a protein in concentrations of 25 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL for 0.5 h (early phase), 4 h (intermediate phase), and 24 h (late phase). Tenocytes survival was assessed after 24 h stimulation by live-dead assay. The gene expression of complement-related factors C5aR, the complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) CD46, CD55, CD59, and of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 was monitored using qPCR. Tenocytes were immunolabeled for C5aR and CD55 proteins. TNFα production was monitored by ELISA. Tenocyte survival was not impaired through C5a stimulation. Interestingly, the gene expression of C5aR and that of the CRPs CD46 and CD59 was significantly reduced in the intermediate and late phase, and that of TNFα only in an early phase, compared to the control group. ELISA analysis indicated a concomitant not significant trend of impaired TNFα protein synthesis at 4 h. However, there was also an early significant induction of CD55 and CD59 mediated by 25 ng/mL anaphylatoxin C5a. Hence, exposure of tenocytes to C5a obviously evokes a time and concentration-dependent response in their expression of complement and pro-inflammatory factors. C5a, released in damaged tendons, might directly contribute to tenocyte activation and thereby be involved in tendon healing and tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Silawal
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, General Hospital Nuremberg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (S.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Benjamin Kohl
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Berlin Institute of Health, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jingjian Shi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, General Hospital Nuremberg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (S.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, General Hospital Nuremberg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (S.S.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-911-398-11-6772
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Agergaard AS, Svensson RB, Malmgaard-Clausen NM, Couppé C, Hjortshoej MH, Doessing S, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP. Clinical Outcomes, Structure, and Function Improve With Both Heavy and Moderate Loads in the Treatment of Patellar Tendinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:982-993. [PMID: 33616456 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520988741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loading interventions have become a predominant treatment strategy for tendinopathy, and positive clinical outcomes and tendon tissue responses may depend on the exercise dose and load magnitude. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose was to investigate if the load magnitude influenced the effect of a 12-week loading intervention for patellar tendinopathy in the short term (12 weeks) and long term (52 weeks). We hypothesized that a greater load magnitude of 90% of 1 repetition maximum (RM) would yield a more positive clinical outcome, tendon structure, and tendon function compared with a lower load magnitude of 55% of 1 RM when the total exercise volume was kept equal in both groups. STUDY DESIGN Randomized clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS A total of 44 adult participants with chronic patellar tendinopathy were included and randomized to undergo moderate slow resistance (MSR group; 55% of 1 RM) or heavy slow resistance (HSR group; 90% of 1 RM). Function and symptoms (Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella questionnaire [VISA-P]), tendon pain during activity (numeric rating scale [NRS]), and ultrasound findings (tendon vascularization and swelling) were assessed before the intervention, at 6 and 12 weeks during the intervention, and at 52 weeks from baseline. Tendon function (functional tests) and tendon structure (ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) were investigated before and after the intervention period. RESULTS The HSR and MSR interventions both yielded significant clinical improvements in the VISA-P score (mean ± SEM) (HSR: 0 weeks, 58.8 ± 4.3; 12 weeks, 70.5 ± 4.4; 52 weeks, 79.7 ± 4.6) (MSR: 0 weeks, 59.9 ± 2.5; 12 weeks, 72.5 ± 2.9; 52 weeks, 82.6 ± 2.5), NRS score for running, NRS score for squats, NRS score for preferred sport, single-leg decline squat, and patient satisfaction after 12 weeks, and these were maintained after 52 weeks. HSR loading was not superior to MSR loading for any of the measured clinical outcomes. Similarly, there were no differences in functional (strength and jumping ability) or structural (tendon thickness, power Doppler area, and cross-sectional area) improvements between the groups undergoing HSR and MSR loading. CONCLUSION There was no superior effect of exercising with a high load magnitude (HSR) compared with a moderate load magnitude (MSR) for the clinical outcome, tendon structure, or tendon function in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy in the short term. Both HSR and MSR showed equally good, continued improvements in outcomes in the long term but did not reach normal values for healthy tendons. REGISTRATION NCT03096067 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Agergaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene B Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj M Malmgaard-Clausen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Hjortshoej
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Doessing
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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O’Reilly S, Crofton E, Brown J, Strong J, Ziviani J. Use of tape for the management of hypertrophic scar development: A comprehensive review. Scars Burn Heal 2021; 7:20595131211029206. [PMID: 34290886 PMCID: PMC8278453 DOI: 10.1177/20595131211029206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tapes have been used to aid fresh wound closure. For hypertrophic scars, the use of tapes as a therapy to reduce the mechanical forces that stimulate excessive and long-term scarring is yet to be evaluated. The aim of this comprehensive review was to explore the current clinical application of tapes, as a minimally invasive option, as purposed specifically for the management of hypertrophic scarring, regardless of scar causation. METHOD Databases were searched using MeSH terms including one identifier for hypertrophic scar and one for the intervention of taping. Studies included the following: patients who received tape for a minimum of 12 weeks as a method of wound closure specifically for the purpose of scar prevention; those who received tape as a method of scar management after scar formation; reported outcomes addressing subjective and/or objective scar appearance; and were available in English. RESULTS With respect to non-stretch tapes, their use for the prevention of linear surgical scarring is evident in reducing scar characteristics of height, colour and itch. Statistically significant results were found in median scar width, reduction in procedure times and overall scar rating. Tapes were predominately applied by participants themselves, and incidence of irritation was infrequently reported. After 12 months, significance with respect to scar pain, itch, thickness and overall scar elevation was reported in one study investigating paper tape. Two papers reported the use of high stretch tapes; however, subjective results limited formal analysis. Although the use of taping for abnormal hypertrophic scar management is in its infancy, emerging research indicates tapes with an element of stretch may have a positive impact. CONCLUSIONS Non-stretch tapes, for the prevention of linear surgical scarring, are effective in reducing scar characteristics of height, colour and itch. Paper tapes have shown effectiveness when applied during wound remodelling or even on mature scarring, with reported subjective changes in scar colour, thickness and pliability. Preliminary evidence of the benefits of high-stretch, elasticised tapes for scar management in the remodelling phase of wound healing have also been reported. LAY SUMMARY Patients are often concerned about unsightly scars that form on their bodies after trauma, especially burn injuries. These scars can be thick, red and raised on the skin, and can impact on the patient's quality of life. For some scars, the process of skin thickening continues for up to two years after an injury.Unfortunately, scar formation is a part of the body's healing process, whereby there is a constant pull or tension under and along the skin's surface. The use of simple tapes, such as microporetm, to help with wound closure are sometimes used as a therapy to reduce the tension on the skin's surface when a wound is healing to minimise scar formation. However, the effectiveness of taping has not been proven. This paper looks at the available evidence to support the use of taping to reduce scar features of height, thickness and colour. Initial evidence of mixed levels, suggests some benefits of tapes for scar management and show preliminary efficacy for reduction of scar height, thickness and colour. More research is required to determine the direct impact, comparison to other treatments available and patient viewpoint for this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O’Reilly
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Erin Crofton
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Jennifer Strong
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny Ziviani
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Jadidi M, Razian SA, Habibnezhad M, Anttila E, Kamenskiy A. Mechanical, structural, and physiologic differences in human elastic and muscular arteries of different ages: Comparison of the descending thoracic aorta to the superficial femoral artery. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:268-283. [PMID: 33127484 PMCID: PMC7738395 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Elastic and muscular arteries differ in structure, function, and mechanical properties, and may adapt differently to aging. We compared the descending thoracic aortas (TA) and the superficial femoral arteries (SFA) of 27 tissue donors (average 41±18 years, range 13-73 years) using planar biaxial testing, constitutive modeling, and bidirectional histology. Both TAs and SFAs increased in size with age, with the outer radius increasing more than the inner radius, but the TAs thickened 6-fold and widened 3-fold faster than the SFAs. The circumferential opening angle did not change in the TA, but increased 2.4-fold in the SFA. Young TAs were relatively isotropic, but the anisotropy increased with age due to longitudinal stiffening. SFAs were 51% more compliant longitudinally irrespective of age. Older TAs and SFAs were stiffer, but the SFA stiffened 5.6-fold faster circumferentially than the TA. Physiologic stresses decreased with age in both arteries, with greater changes occurring longitudinally. TAs had larger circumferential, but smaller longitudinal stresses than the SFAs, larger cardiac cycle stretch, 36% lower circumferential stiffness, and 8-fold more elastic energy available for pulsation. TAs contained elastin sheets separated by smooth muscle cells (SMCs), collagen, and glycosaminoglycans, while the SFAs had SMCs, collagen, and longitudinal elastic fibers. With age, densities of elastin and SMCs decreased, collagen remained constant due to medial thickening, and the glycosaminoglycans increased. Elastic and muscular arteries demonstrate different morphological, mechanical, physiologic, and structural characteristics and adapt differently to aging. While the aortas remodel to preserve the Windkessel function, the SFAs maintain higher longitudinal compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jadidi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Mahmoud Habibnezhad
- Department of Computer Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Eric Anttila
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Alexey Kamenskiy
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Neph A, Schroeder A, Enseki KR, Everts PA, Wang JHC, Onishi K. Role of Mechanical Loading for Platelet-Rich Plasma-Treated Achilles Tendinopathy. Curr Sports Med Rep 2020; 19:209-216. [PMID: 32516191 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is no consensus on the optimal rehabilitation protocol after platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment for tendinopathy despite basic science studies showing the critical role of mechanical loading in the restoration of tendon structure and function posttreatment. In this article, we will review tendon mechanobiology, platelet biology, and review levels I and II Achilles tendon clinical studies paying particular attention to the role of mechanical loading in rehabilitation of injured tendons. Animal studies emphasize the synergistic effect of mechanical tendon loading and PRP to treat tendon injury while clinical studies described minimal details on loading protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Neph
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Allison Schroeder
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Keelen R Enseki
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Peter A Everts
- Scientific and Research Department at Gulf Coast Biologics, Fort Myers, FL
| | - James H-C Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery at University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Autologous Fat Transfer for Scar Prevention and Remodeling: A Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-controlled Trial. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2830. [PMID: 33154872 PMCID: PMC7605847 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autologous fat transfer—also referred to as fat grafting—has been reported to provide beneficial effects to overlying scar and skin. Despite procedural frequency, there is a paucity of high-level evidence guiding the surgeon in technique, patient selection, and efficacy.
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Vasilevich AS, Vermeulen S, Kamphuis M, Roumans N, Eroumé S, Hebels DGAJ, van de Peppel J, Reihs R, Beijer NRM, Carlier A, Carpenter AE, Singh S, de Boer J. On the correlation between material-induced cell shape and phenotypical response of human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18988. [PMID: 33149200 PMCID: PMC7642380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning rules by which cell shape impacts cell function would enable control of cell physiology and fate in medical applications, particularly, on the interface of cells and material of the implants. We defined the phenotypic response of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to 2176 randomly generated surface topographies by probing basic functions such as migration, proliferation, protein synthesis, apoptosis, and differentiation using quantitative image analysis. Clustering the surfaces into 28 archetypical cell shapes, we found a very strict correlation between cell shape and physiological response and selected seven cell shapes to describe the molecular mechanism leading to phenotypic diversity. Transcriptomics analysis revealed a tight link between cell shape, molecular signatures, and phenotype. For instance, proliferation is strongly reduced in cells with limited spreading, resulting in down-regulation of genes involved in the G2/M cycle and subsequent quiescence, whereas cells with large filopodia are related to activation of early response genes and inhibition of the osteogenic process. In this paper we were aiming to identify a universal set of genes that regulate the material-induced phenotypical response of human mesenchymal stem cells. This will allow designing implants that can actively regulate cellular, molecular signalling through cell shape. Here we are proposing an approach to tackle this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksei S Vasilevich
- BIS-Biointerface Science in Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Vermeulen
- BIS-Biointerface Science in Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Kamphuis
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Roumans
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Said Eroumé
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennie G A J Hebels
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rika Reihs
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick R M Beijer
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne E Carpenter
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shantanu Singh
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jan de Boer
- BIS-Biointerface Science in Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Cun X, Hosta-Rigau L. Topography: A Biophysical Approach to Direct the Fate of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2070. [PMID: 33092104 PMCID: PMC7590059 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising strategy to treat tissue and organ loss or damage caused by injury or disease. During the past two decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted a tremendous amount of interest in tissue engineering due to their multipotency and self-renewal ability. MSCs are also the most multipotent stem cells in the human adult body. However, the application of MSCs in tissue engineering is relatively limited because it is difficult to guide their differentiation toward a specific cell lineage by using traditional biochemical factors. Besides biochemical factors, the differentiation of MSCs also influenced by biophysical cues. To this end, much effort has been devoted to directing the cell lineage decisions of MSCs through adjusting the biophysical properties of biomaterials. The surface topography of the biomaterial-based scaffold can modulate the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. Presently, the development of micro- and nano-fabrication techniques has made it possible to control the surface topography of the scaffold precisely. In this review, we highlight and discuss how the main topographical features (i.e., roughness, patterns, and porosity) are an efficient approach to control the fate of MSCs and the application of topography in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- DTU Health Tech, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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Ramaswamy Y, Roohani I, No YJ, Madafiglio G, Chang F, Zhang F, Lu Z, Zreiqat H. Nature-inspired topographies on hydroxyapatite surfaces regulate stem cells behaviour. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1107-1117. [PMID: 33102949 PMCID: PMC7569262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface topography is one of the key factors in regulating interactions between materials and cells. While topographies presented to cells in vivo are non-symmetrical and in complex shapes, current fabrication techniques are limited to replicate these complex geometries. In this study, we developed a microcasting technique and successfully produced imprinted hydroxyapatite (HAp) surfaces with nature-inspired (honeycomb, pillars, and isolated islands) topographies. The in vitro biological performance of the developed non-symmetrical topographies was evaluated using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). We demonstrated that ADSCs cultured on all HAp surfaces, except honeycomb patterns, presented well-defined stress fibers and expressed focal adhesion protein (paxillin) molecules. Isolated islands topographies significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs with increased alkaline phosphatase activity and upregulation of key osteogenic markers, compared to the other topographies and the control unmodified (flat) HAp surface. In contrast, honeycomb topographies hampered the ability of the ADSCs to proliferate and differentiate to the osteogenic lineage. This work presents a facile technique to imprint nature-derived topographies on the surface of bioceramics which opens up opportunities for the development of bioresponsive interfaces in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogambha Ramaswamy
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Iman Roohani
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Genevieve Madafiglio
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Frank Chang
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Furong Zhang
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Zufu Lu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Czerwonatis S, Dehghani F, Steinke H, Hepp P, Bechmann I. Nameless in anatomy, but famous among surgeons: The so called “deltotrapezoid fascia”. Ann Anat 2020; 231:151488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hoang VT, Matossian MD, Ucar DA, Elliott S, La J, Wright MK, Burks HE, Perles A, Hossain F, King CT, Browning VE, Bursavich J, Fang F, Del Valle L, Bhatt AB, Cavanaugh JE, Flaherty PT, Anbalagan M, Rowan BG, Bratton MR, Nephew KP, Miele L, Collins-Burow BM, Martin EC, Burow ME. ERK5 Is Required for Tumor Growth and Maintenance Through Regulation of the Extracellular Matrix in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1164. [PMID: 32850332 PMCID: PMC7416559 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members regulate diverse cellular processes involved in tumor initiation and progression, yet the role of ERK5 in cancer biology is not fully understood. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents a clinical challenge due to the aggressive nature of the disease and a lack of targeted therapies. ERK5 signaling contributes to drug resistance and metastatic progression through distinct mechanisms, including activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). More recently a role for ERK5 in regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been proposed, and here we investigated the necessity of ERK5 in TNBC tumor formation. Depletion of ERK5 expression using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in MDA-MB-231 and Hs-578T cells resulted in loss of mesenchymal features, as observed through gene expression profile and cell morphology, and suppressed TNBC cell migration. In vivo xenograft experiments revealed ERK5 knockout disrupted tumor growth kinetics, which was restored using high concentration Matrigel™ and ERK5-ko reduced expression of the angiogenesis marker CD31. These findings implicated a role for ERK5 in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and matrix integrity. RNA-sequencing analyses demonstrated downregulation of matrix-associated genes, integrins, and pro-angiogenic factors in ERK5-ko cells. Tissue decellularization combined with cryo-SEM and interrogation of biomechanical properties revealed that ERK5-ko resulted in loss of key ECM fiber alignment and mechanosensing capabilities in breast cancer xenografts compared to parental wild-type cells. In this study, we identified a novel role for ERK5 in tumor growth kinetics through modulation of the ECM and angiogenesis axis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T. Hoang
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Margarite D. Matossian
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Deniz A. Ucar
- Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Steven Elliott
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline La
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Maryl K. Wright
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hope E. Burks
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Aaron Perles
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Fokhrul Hossain
- Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Connor T. King
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Valentino E. Browning
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacob Bursavich
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Fang Fang
- Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Akshita B. Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jane E. Cavanaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patrick T. Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Muralidharan Anbalagan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Brian G. Rowan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Melyssa R. Bratton
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Core, Xavier University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kenneth P. Nephew
- Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Bridgette M. Collins-Burow
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Eichinger JF, Paukner D, Szafron JM, Aydin RC, Humphrey JD, Cyron CJ. Computer-Controlled Biaxial Bioreactor for Investigating Cell-Mediated Homeostasis in Tissue Equivalents. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:071011. [PMID: 32005993 PMCID: PMC7172870 DOI: 10.1115/1.4046201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Soft biological tissues consist of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), a network of diverse proteins, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans that surround the cells. The cells actively sense the surrounding ECM and regulate its mechanical state. Cell-seeded collagen or fibrin gels, so-called tissue equivalents, are simple but powerful model systems to study this phenomenon. Nevertheless, few quantitative studies document the stresses that cells establish and maintain in such gels; moreover, most prior data were collected via uniaxial experiments whereas soft tissues are mainly subject to multiaxial loading in vivo. To begin to close this gap between existing experimental data and in vivo conditions, we describe here a computer-controlled bioreactor that enables accurate measurements of the evolution of mechanical tension and deformation of tissue equivalents under well-controlled biaxial loads. This device allows diverse studies, including how cells establish a homeostatic state of biaxial stress and if they maintain it in response to mechanical perturbations. It similarly allows, for example, studies of the impact of cell and matrix density, exogenous growth factors and cytokines, and different types of loading conditions (uniaxial, strip-biaxial, and biaxial) on these processes. As illustrative results, we show that NIH/3T3 fibroblasts establish a homeostatic mechanical state that depends on cell density and collagen concentration. Following perturbations from this homeostatic state, the cells were able to recover biaxial loading similar to homeostatic. Depending on the precise loads, however, they were not always able to fully maintain that state.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Eichinger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, Garching 85748, Germany; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 42, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - D. Paukner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - J. M. Szafron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - R. C. Aydin
- Department for Simulation of Solids and Structures, Materials Mechanics, Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - J. D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - C. J. Cyron
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 42, Hamburg 21073, Germany; Department for Simulation of Solids and Structures, Materials Mechanics, Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
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47
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O Bortolazzo F, D Lucke L, de Oliveira Fujii L, Marqueti RDC, Vieira Ramos G, Theodoro V, Bombeiro AL, Felonato M, A Dalia R, D Carneiro G, Pontes Vicente C, A M Esquisatto M, A S Mendonça F, T Dos Santos GM, R Pimentel E, de Aro AA. Microcurrent and adipose-derived stem cells modulate genes expression involved in the structural recovery of transected tendon of rats. FASEB J 2020; 34:10011-10026. [PMID: 32558993 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902942rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common and have a high incidence of re-rupture that can cause loss of functionality. Therapies with adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) and the microcurrent (low-intensity electrical stimulation) application present promising effects on the tissue repair. We analyzed the expression of genes and the participation of some molecules potentially involved in the structural recovery of the Achilles tendon of rats, in response to the application of both therapies, isolated and combined. The tendons were distributed in five groups: normal (N), transected (T), transected and ASC (C) or microcurrent (M) or with ASC, and microcurrent (MC). Microcurrent therapy was beneficial for tendon repair, as it was observed a statistically significant increase in the organization of the collagen fibers, with involvement of the TNC, CTGF, FN, FMDO, and COL3A1 genes as well as PCNA, IL-10, and TNF-α. ASC therapy significantly increased the TNC and FMDO genes expression with no changes in the molecular organization of collagen. With the association of therapies, a significant greater collagen fibers organization was observed with involvement of the FMOD gene. The therapies did not affect the expression of COL1A1, SMAD2, SMAD3, MKX, and EGR1 genes, nor did they influence the amount of collagen I and III, caspase-3, tenomodulin (Tnmd), and hydroxyproline. In conclusion, the application of the microcurrent isolated or associated with ASC increased the organization of the collagen fibers, which can result in a greater biomechanical resistance in relation to the tendons treated only with ASC. Future studies will be needed to demonstrate the biological effects of these therapies on the functional recovery of injured tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O Bortolazzo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia D Lucke
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Fujii
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Marqueti
- Graduate Program of rehabilitation science and Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Theodoro
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L Bombeiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maíra Felonato
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Dalia
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giane D Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pontes Vicente
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A M Esquisatto
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A S Mendonça
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Maria T Dos Santos
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson R Pimentel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea A de Aro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
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48
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Influence of Angulation in Cervical Prosthetic Emergences Relative to the Gingival Tissue of Teeth Treated under the Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique (BOPT). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to digitally evaluate the effect of the cervical emergence of restorations in terms of gingival tissue volume. Materials and methods: In this study, 31 upper front teeth (from canine to canine) were selected and prepared using the biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT). Each tooth had undergone a change in its provisional process with different emergence profile angles: 30° and 60°. Each sample was digitalised (STL file) using an intraoral scanner. By using various pieces of manipulation software for STL files, a volumetric analysis protocol was carried out. Changes in gingival thickness and position were measured at the buccal and the lingual positions. Results: By increasing the angulation of the emergence profile to 60°, the gingival thickness increased by 0.255 ± 0.381 mm (p = 0.001; t-test) at buccal and by 0.038 ± 0.381 mm at lingual (p = 0.600; t-test). In relation to the gingival height, at buccal, there is an apical displacement of 0.262 ± 0.246 mm (p = 0.001; t-test), and at lingual, there is an apical displacement of 0.390 ± 0.279 mm (p = 0.001; t-test). It was shown that an increase in the provisional emergence profile angle significantly diminishes the gingival height while significantly increasing gingival thickness. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r = 0.636, was moderately high and significant (p = 0.001; Pearson). Conclusions: The soft tissue surrounding the BOPT restored tooth evolved according to the prosthetic emergence angle of the provisional restoration, enabling us to plan for an apico-coronal and bucco-lingual displacement of the gingival tissue prior to the definitive restoration.
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Aleksenko L, Quaye IK. Pregnancy-induced Cardiovascular Pathologies: Importance of Structural Components and Lipids. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:447-466. [PMID: 32540145 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy leads to adaptations for maternal and fetal energy needs. The cardiovascular system bears the brunt of the adaptations as the heart and vessels enable nutrient supply to maternal organs facilitated by the placenta to the fetus. The components of the cardiovascular system are critical in the balance between maternal homeostatic and fetus driven homeorhetic regulation. Since lipids intersect maternal cardiovascular function and fetal needs with growth and in stress, factors affecting lipid deposition and mobilization impact risk outcomes. Here, the cardiovascular components and functional derangements associated with cardiovascular pathology in pregnancy, vis-à-vis lipid deposition, mobilization and maternal and/or cardiac and fetal energy needs are detailed. Most reports on the components and associated pathology in pregnancy, are on derangements affecting the extracellular matrix and epicardial fat, followed by the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, pericytes and myocytes. Targeted studies on all cardiovascular components and pathological outcomes in pregnancy will enhance targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Aleksenko
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Isaac K Quaye
- Regent University College of Science and Technology, Accra, Ghana
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50
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Braz JKFS, Martins GM, Morales N, Naulin P, Fuentes C, Barrera NP, O Vitoriano J, Rocha HAO, Oliveira MF, Alves C, Moura CEB. Live endothelial cells on plasma-nitrided and oxidized titanium: An approach for evaluating biocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 113:111014. [PMID: 32487415 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of titanium plasma nitriding and oxidation on live endothelial cell viscoelasticity. For this, mechanically polished titanium surfaces and two surfaces treated by planar cathode discharge in nitriding (36N2 and 24H2) and oxidant (36O2 and 24H2). Surfaces were characterized regarding wettability, roughness and chemical composition. Rabbit aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were cultured on the titanium surfaces. Cell morphology, viability and viscoelasticity were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction confirmed the presence of TiN0,26 on the surface (grazing angle theta 1°) of the nitrided samples, decreasing with depth. On the oxidized surface had the formation of TiO3 on the material surface (Theta 1°) and in the deeper layers was noted, with a marked presence of Ti (Theta 3°). Both plasma treatments increased surface roughness and they are hydrophilic (angle <90°). However, oxidation led to a more hydrophilic titanium surface (66.59° ± 3.65 vs. 76.88° ± 2.68; p = 0.001) due to titanium oxide films in their stoichiometric varieties (Ti3O, TiO2, Ti6O), especially Ti3O. Despite focal adhesion on the surfaces, viability was different after 24 h, as cell viability on the oxidized surface was higher than on the nitrided surface (9.1 × 103 vs. 4.5 × 103cells; p < 0.05). This can be explained by analyzing the viscoelastic property of the cellular cytoskeleton (nuclear and peripheral) by AFM. Surface oxidation significantly increased RAECs viscoelasticity at cell periphery, in comparison to the nucleus (2.36 ± 0.3 vs. 1.5 ± 0.4; p < 0.05), and to the RAECs periphery in contact with nitrided surfaces (1.36 ± 0.7; p < 0.05) and polished surfaces (1.55 ± 0.6; p < 0.05). Taken together, our results have shown that titanium plasma treatment directly increased cell viscoelasticity via surface oxidation, and this mechanobiological property subsequently increased biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Karla F S Braz
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Brazil; Escola Multicampi de Ciências Médicas do Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Moura Martins
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Nicole Morales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Naulin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Fuentes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson P Barrera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jussier O Vitoriano
- Laboratório de Plasma Aplicado a Agricultura, Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Hugo A O Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Moacir F Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Brazil.
| | - Clodomiro Alves
- Laboratório de Plasma Aplicado a Agricultura, Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Eduardo B Moura
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Brazil.
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