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Sulis PM, Bittencourt Mendes AK, Fernandes TA, Frederico MJS, Rey DP, Aragón M, Ruparelia KC, Silva FRMB. Signal transduction of the insulin secretion induced by the chalcone analogue, (E)-3-(phenyl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, and its role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Biochimie 2023; 212:85-94. [PMID: 37080419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A chalcone analogue, (E)-3-(phenyl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (DMU 101), was synthesized using classic base catalysis and Claisen-Schmidt condensation, and then screened for its antidiabetic properties. The compound's effects on glucose and lipid metabolism were assayed in rats that were treated acutely and for a short time to elucidate its mechanism of action, evaluating glucose tolerance and lactate dehydrogenase activity in response to chalcone analogue administration. The chalcone's in vitro and ex vivo effects on glycogen, glucose, lipid and lipolysis were also investigated, as well as the mechanism by which it induces 45Ca2+ influx-mediated insulin secretion. The analogue (10 mg/kg) diminished glycemia, without inducing acute cell damage, increased glycogen content in the skeletal muscle and reduced serum triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, but did not alter high-density lipoprotein or low-density lipoprotein. Chalcone (10 μM) stimulated glucose uptake in the soleus muscle and did not modulate in vitro or ex vivo lipolysis. This analogue also increased insulin secretion by triggering calcium influx and blocking ATP-sensitive K+ channels and voltage-dependent calcium channels. However, it also modulated stored calcium via sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) and ryanodine receptor (RYR) activity. These findings indicate that this chalcone may induce cellular repolarization via a mechanism mediated by calcium-dependent potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Miranda Sulis
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, 88040- 900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Alves Fernandes
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, 88040- 900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marisa Jadna Silva Frederico
- Federal University of Ceará, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000 - Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Diana Patricia Rey
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, 88040- 900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; National University of Colombia, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, Cra. 30 No. 45-03, 111321, Bogotá, D. C, Colombia
| | - Marcela Aragón
- National University of Colombia, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, Cra. 30 No. 45-03, 111321, Bogotá, D. C, Colombia
| | - Ketan C Ruparelia
- De Montfort University, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Leicester School of Pharmacy, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, 88040- 900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Cellular Bioelectricity Center (NUBIOCEL), Center of Biological Sciences, University Campus, Trindade, 88040- 900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Haussler MR, Haussler CA, Jurutka PW. Genomically anchored vitamin D receptor mediates an abundance of bioprotective actions elicited by its 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D hormonal ligand. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:313-383. [PMID: 37717990 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the actions of its physiologic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) ligand produced in kidney and at extrarenal sites during times of physiologic and cellular stress. The ligand-receptor complex transcriptionally controls genes encoding factors that regulate calcium and phosphate sensing/transport, bone remodeling, immune function, and nervous system maintenance. With the aid of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), 1,25D/VDR primarily participates in an intricate network of feedback controls that govern extracellular calcium and phosphate concentrations, mainly influencing bone formation and mineralization, ectopic calcification, and indirectly supporting many fundamental roles of calcium. Beyond endocrine and intracrine effects, 1,25D/VDR signaling impacts multiple biochemical phenomena that potentially affect human health and disease, including autophagy, carcinogenesis, cell growth/differentiation, detoxification, metabolic homeostasis, and oxidative stress mitigation. Several health advantages conferred by 1,25D/VDR appear to be promulgated by induction of klotho, an anti-aging renal peptide hormone which functions as a co-receptor for FGF23 and, like 1,25D, regulates nrf2, foxo, mTOR and other cellular protective pathways. Among hundreds of genes for which expression is modulated by 1,25D/VDR either primarily or secondarily in a cell-specific manner, the resulting gene products (in addition to those expressed in the classic skeletal mineral regulatory tissues kidney, intestine, and bone), fall into multiple biochemical categories including apoptosis, cholesterol homeostasis, glycolysis, hypoxia, inflammation, p53 signaling, unfolded protein response and xenobiotic metabolism. Thus, 1,25D/VDR is a bone mineral control instrument that also signals the maintenance of multiple cellular processes in the face of environmental and genetic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
| | - Carol A Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, United States
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Obaid AA, Almasmoum H, Almaimani RA, El-Boshy M, Aslam A, Idris S, Ghaith MM, El-Readi MZ, Ahmad J, Farrash WF, Mujalli A, Eid SY, Elzubier ME, Refaat B. Vitamin D and calcium co-therapy mitigates pre-established cadmium nephropathy by regulating renal calcium homeostatic molecules and improving anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in rat. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127221. [PMID: 37244046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental pollutant and chronic toxicity could induce nephropathy by increasing renal oxidative stress and inflammation. Although vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca) prophylactic treatments attenuated Cd-induced cell injury, none of the prior studies measure their renoprotective effects against pre-established Cd-nephropathy. AIMS To measure the alleviating effects of VD and/or Ca single and dual therapies against pre-established nephrotoxicity induced by chronic Cd toxicity prior to treatment initiation. METHODS Forty male adult rats were allocated into: negative controls (NC), positive controls (PC), Ca, VD and VC groups. The study lasted for eight weeks and all animals, except the NC, received CdCl2 in drinking water (44 mg/L) throughout the study. Ca (100 mg/kg) and/or VD (350 IU/kg) were given (five times/week) during the last four weeks to the designated groups. Subsequently, the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), VD synthesising (Cyp27b1) and catabolizing (Cyp24a1) enzymes with VD receptor (VDR) and binding protein (VDBP) was measured in renal tissues. Similarly, renal expression of Ca voltage-dependent channels (CaV1.1/CaV3.1), store-operated channels (RyR1/ITPR1), and binding proteins (CAM/CAMKIIA/S100A1/S100B) were measured. Serum markers of renal function alongside several markers of oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2/GSH/GPx/CAT) and inflammation (IL-6/TNF-α/IL-10) together with renal cell apoptosis and expression of caspase-3 were also measured. RESULTS The PC group exhibited hypovitaminosis D, hypocalcaemia, hypercalciuria, proteinuria, reduced creatinine clearance, and increased renal apoptosis/necrosis with higher caspase-3 expression. Markers of renal tissue damage (TGF-β1/iNOS/NGAL/KIM-1), oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2), and inflammation (TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6) increased, whilst the antioxidants (GSH/GPx/CAT) and IL-10 decreased, in the PC group. The PC renal tissues also showed abnormal expression of Cyp27b1, Cyp24a1, VDR, and VDBP, alongside Ca-membranous (CaV1.1/CaV3.1) and store-operated channels (RyR1/ITPR1) and cytosolic Ca-binding proteins (CAM/CAMKIIA/S100A1/S100B). Although VD was superior to Ca monotherapy, their combination revealed the best mitigation effects by attenuating serum and renal tissue Cd concentrations, inflammation and oxidative stress, alongside modulating the expression of VD/Ca-molecules. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show improved alleviations against Cd-nephropathy by co-supplementing VD and Ca, possibly by better regulation of Ca-dependent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Obaid
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Z El-Readi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam F Farrash
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Mujalli
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa Y Eid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Elzubier
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Touil H, Mounts K, De Jager PL. Differential impact of environmental factors on systemic and localized autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147447. [PMID: 37283765 PMCID: PMC10239830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of environmental factors on the development of autoimmune disease is being broadly investigated to better understand the multifactorial nature of autoimmune pathogenesis and to identify potential areas of intervention. Areas of particular interest include the influence of lifestyle, nutrition, and vitamin deficiencies on autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. In this review, we discuss how particular lifestyles and dietary patterns may contribute to or modulate autoimmunity. We explored this concept through a spectrum of several autoimmune diseases including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Alopecia Areata (AA) affecting the central nervous system, whole body, and the hair follicles, respectively. A clear commonality between the autoimmune conditions of interest here is low Vitamin D, a well-researched hormone in the context of autoimmunity with pleiotropic immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. While low levels are often correlated with disease activity and progression in MS and AA, the relationship is less clear in SLE. Despite strong associations with autoimmunity, we lack conclusive evidence which elucidates its role in contributing to pathogenesis or simply as a result of chronic inflammation. In a similar vein, other vitamins impacting the development and course of these diseases are explored in this review, and overall diet and lifestyle. Recent work exploring the effects of dietary interventions on MS showed that a balanced diet was linked to improvement in clinical parameters, comorbid conditions, and overall quality of life for patients. In patients with MS, SLE and AA, certain diets and supplements are linked to lower incidence and improved symptoms. Conversely, obesity during adolescence was linked with higher incidence of MS while in SLE it was associated with organ damage. Autoimmunity is thought to emerge from the complex interplay between environmental factors and genetic background. Although the scope of this review focuses on environmental factors, it is imperative to elaborate the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environment due to the multifactorial origin of these disease. Here, we offer a comprehensive review about the influence of recent environmental and lifestyle factors on these autoimmune diseases and potential translation into therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Touil
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kristin Mounts
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Philip Lawrence De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Kar P, Goswami R. Effect of calcitriol and calcium on basal ganglia calcification in hypoparathyroidism: experimental models. J Mol Endocrinol 2023; 70:JME-22-0108. [PMID: 36445941 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Basal ganglia calcification (BGC) is a common complication in hypoparathyroid patients, linked to hyperphosphatemia and altered vitamin-D and calcium homeostasis following conventional therapy. The pathogenesis of BGC in hypoparathyroidism is not clear. Recently, we developed an ex vivo model of BGC using rat-striatal cell culture in 10.0 mmol/L of β-glycerophosphate (31.8 mg/dL phosphate). However, the effect of 1,25(OH)2 D, calcium, and milder phosphate excess on BGC in hypoparathyroidism is not known. This study describes two modified ex vivo models investigating pathogenesis of BGC in 'drug-naïve' and 'conventionally treated' hypoparathyroid state. The first modification involved striatal cells cultured in low concentration 1,25(OH)2D (16.0 pg/mL), ionized calcium(0.99 mmol/L), hPTH(1-34) (6.0 pg/mL), and 2.68 mmol/L (8.3 mg/dL) of phosphate akin to 'drug-naïve' state for 24 days. In second modification, striatal cells were exposed to 46.0 pg/mL of 1,25(OH)2D, normal ionized calcium of 1.17 mmol/L, and 2.20 mmol/L (6.8 mg/dL) of phosphate akin to 'conventionally treated' state. Striatal cell culture under 'drug-naïve' state showed that even 16.0 pg/mL of 1,25(OH)2D enhanced the calcification. In 'conventionally treated' model, striatal cell calcification was enhanced in 54% cases over 'drug-naïve' state. Calcification in 'conventionally treated' state further increased on increasing phosphate to 8.3 mg/dL, suggesting importance of phosphatemic control in hypoparathyroid patients. Striatal cells in 'drug-naïve' state showed increased mRNA expression of pro-osteogenic Wnt3a, Cd133,Vglut-1-neuronal phosphate-transporters, calcium-ion channel-Trvp2,Alp, and Collagen-1α and decreased expression of Ca-II. These models suggest that in 'drug-naïve' state, 1,25(OH)2D along with moderately elevated phosphate increases the expression of pro-osteogenic molecules to induce BGC. Although normalization of calcium in 'conventionally treated' state increased the expression of Opg, Osterix, Alp, and Cav2, calcification increased only in a subset, akin to variation in progression of BGC in hypoparathyroid patients on conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmita Kar
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravinder Goswami
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Gharehaghaji SH, Panahi Y, Khalilzadeh E, Saiah GV. In vivo electrophysiological study of vitamin D3 protective effects on PTZ-induced seizures in rats. Res Pharm Sci 2022; 18:59-66. [PMID: 36846737 PMCID: PMC9951785 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.363596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The purpose of the current study was to investigate the protective effects of acute and chronic administration of different doses of vitamin D3 on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptiform activities in rats. Experimental approach Sixty Wistar rats in chronic and acute groups were used in this study. In the chronic groups, animals received vitamin D3 at 50, 100, and 150 μg/kg; vitamin D3 (50 μg/kg, i.p.) + diazepam (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), and almond oil (i.p.) daily for two weeks whereas, in the acute groups the animal received a single dose of chemicals just 30 min before PTZ administration. The electrophysiological recording was performed by implanting a unilateral bipolar electrode in the pyramidal cell layer of the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Epileptic activities were induced by intraperitoneal injection of PTZ (80 mg/kg, i.p.). The spike count and amplitude were analyzed using the eTrace software. Finding/Results Chronic administration of all doses of vitamin D3 and its combination with diazepam significantly reduced both spike counts and amplitudes following PTZ administration. While the acute doses were ineffective. Conclusion and implication The results of the study indicated that chronic but not acute administration of vitamin D3 has a protective effect on PTZ-induced epileptiform activity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hosseinchi Gharehaghaji
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
| | - Yousef Panahi
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. Iran,Corresponding author: Y. Panahi Tel & Fax: +98-4136378743
| | - Emad Khalilzadeh
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
| | - Gholamreza Vafaei Saiah
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
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Cui X, Eyles DW. Vitamin D and the Central Nervous System: Causative and Preventative Mechanisms in Brain Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204353. [PMID: 36297037 PMCID: PMC9610817 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty of the last one hundred years of vitamin D research have involved investigations of the brain as a target organ for this hormone. Our group was one of the first to investigate brain outcomes resulting from primarily restricting dietary vitamin D during brain development. With the advent of new molecular and neurochemical techniques in neuroscience, there has been increasing interest in the potential neuroprotective actions of vitamin D in response to a variety of adverse exposures and how this hormone could affect brain development and function. Rather than provide an exhaustive summary of this data and a listing of neurological or psychiatric conditions that vitamin D deficiency has been associated with, here, we provide an update on the actions of this vitamin in the brain and cellular processes vitamin D may be targeting in psychiatry and neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol Q4076, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia Q4076, Australia
| | - Darryl W. Eyles
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol Q4076, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia Q4076, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Alhaidari HM, Babtain F, Alqadi K, Bouges A, Baeesa S, Al-Said YA. Association between serum vitamin D levels and age in patients with epilepsy: a retrospective study from an epilepsy center in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2022; 42:262-268. [PMID: 35933609 PMCID: PMC9357294 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2022.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to various medical conditions such as bone loss, decreased mineralization, endocrine disorders, and central nervous system disorders, including epilepsy. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, the specific association between vitamin D levels and age in PWE is unclear. OBJECTIVES Identify the relation between vitamin D level and age in PWE and evaluate factors that may play a role in seizure control. DESIGN Retrospective analytical medical record review SETTING: Outpatient epilepsy research clinic in Saudi Arabia PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between November 2016 and April 2020, we selected eligible PWE aged older than 14 years whose vita-min D levels were recorded at least once after reviewing 1550 patient electronic files. We analyzed data on serum vitamin D level by age and other factors, vitamin D supplement use, seizure classification, and conducted a multivariate logistic regression to assess associations with seizure control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relationships between vitamin D levels and age and factors that might affect seizure control. SAMPLE SIZE 524 patients RESULTS: The prevalence of low serum vitamin D levels was high (86.8%). The median vitamin D level in all patients was low (38 nmol/L), and was lower in young PWE than in adult PWE (P<.01). Only 146 patients received vitamin D supplements. High vitamin D levels were associated with a 40% seizure reduction. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is underestimated in PWE in Saudi Arabia, and is more prevalent among young adults and patients on polytherapy than in other PWE. Patients with high vitamin D levels had good seizure control compared with those with low levels. The effect of vitamin D supplements on seizure control should be further investigated in randomized control trials. LIMITATIONS Retrospective study and no categorization by presence of supplementation. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fawzi Babtain
- From the Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alqadi
- From the Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Bouges
- From the Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- From the Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A Al-Said
- From the Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Gombash SE, Lee PW, Sawdai E, Lovett-Racke AE. Vitamin D as a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis: Immunoregulatory or Neuroprotective? Front Neurol 2022; 13:796933. [PMID: 35651353 PMCID: PMC9149265 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.796933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency during childhood has been linked to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), typically an adult-onset inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Since vitamin D was known to have immunoregulatory properties on both innate and adaptive immunity, it was hypothesized that low vitamin D resulted in aberrant immune responses and the development of MS. However, vitamin D receptors are present on many cell types, including neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia, and vitamin D has profound effects on development and function of the CNS. This leads to the possibility that low vitamin D may alter the CNS in a manner that makes it vulnerable to inflammation and the development of MS. This review analysis the role of vitamin D in the immune and nervous system, and how vitamin D insufficiency in children may contribute to the development of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Gombash
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Priscilla W Lee
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth Sawdai
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amy E Lovett-Racke
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Quintero-Fabián S, Bandala C, Pichardo-Macías LA, Contreras-García IJ, Gómez-Manzo S, Hernández-Ochoa B, Martínez-Orozco JA, Ignacio- Mejía I, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N. Vitamin D and its possible relationship to neuroprotection in COVID-19: evidence in the literature. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1346-1368. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220401140737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Vitamin D is a hormone involved in the regulation of important biological processes such as signal transduction, immune response, metabolic regulation and also in the nervous and vascular systems. To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection does not have a specific treatment, however various drugs have been proposed, including those that attenuate the intense inflammatory response and recently the use of vitamin D, in clinical trials, as part of the treatment of COVID-19 has provided promising results. It has been observed in some clinical studies that the use of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and its two metabolites the circulating form, calcidiol or calcifediol (25-hydroxycalciferol, 25-(OH)-D) and the active form, calcitriol (1,25-(OH)2-D), in different doses, improve the clinical manifestations, prognosis and survival of patients infected with COVID-19 probably because of its anti-inflammatory, antiviral and lung-protective action. In relation to the central nervous system (CNS) it has been shown, in clinical studies, that vitamin D is beneficial in some neurological and psychiatric conditions because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, modulation of neurotransmitters actions, regulation of calcium homeostasis between other mechanisms. It has been showed that COVID-19 infection induces CNS complications such as headache, anosmia, ageusia, neuropathy, encephalitis, stroke, thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhages, cytotoxic lesions and psychiatric conditions and it has been proposed that the use of dietary supplements, as vitamin and minerals, can be adjuvants in this disease. In this review the evidence of possible role of vitamin D, and its metabolites, as protector against the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Quintero-Fabián
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, UDEFA, Mexico City, 11200, Mexico
| | - Cindy Bandala
- Division de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 14389, Mexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Luz Adriana Pichardo-Macías
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, 07738, Mexico
| | | | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 04530, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - José Arturo Martínez-Orozco
- Departmento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Iván Ignacio- Mejía
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, UDEFA, Mexico City, 11200, Mexico
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 04530, Mexico
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11
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Lai R, Hsu Y, Shie F, Huang C, Chen M, Juang J. Non-genomic rewiring of vitamin D receptor to p53 as a key to Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13509. [PMID: 34725922 PMCID: PMC8672786 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational epidemiological studies have associated vitamin D deficiency with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether vitamin D deficiency would result in some impacts on the vitamin D binding receptor (VDR) remains to be characterized in AD. Vitamin D helps maintain adult brain health genomically through binding with and activating a VDR/retinoid X receptor (RXR) transcriptional complex. Thus, we investigated the role of VDR in AD using postmortem human brains, APP/PS1 mice, and cell cultures. Intriguingly, although vitamin D was decreased in AD patients and mice, hippocampal VDR levels were inversely increased. The abnormally increased levels of VDR were found to be colocalized with Aβ plaques, gliosis and autophagosomes, implicating a non-genomic activation of VDR in AD pathogenesis. Mechanistic investigation revealed that Aβ upregulated VDR without its canonical ligand vitamin D and switched its heterodimer binding-partner from RXR to p53. The VDR/p53 complex localized mostly in the cytosol, increased neuronal autophagy and apoptosis. Chemically inhibiting p53 switched VDR back to RXR, reversing amyloidosis and cognitive impairment in AD mice. These results suggest a non-genomic rewiring of VDR to p53 is key for the progression of AD, and thus VDR/p53 pathway might be targeted to treat people with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai‐Hua Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
| | - Yueh‐Ying Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
| | - Feng‐Shiun Shie
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
| | - Che‐Ching Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in MedicineDepartment of Life SciencesNTHU & NHRINational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Mei‐Hsin Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
| | - Jyh‐Lyh Juang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
- Ph.D. Program for AgingChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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12
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Mendes AKB, Sulis PM, Cavalari FC, Padilla DPR, Aragón M, Gaspar JM, Silva FRMB. 1α,25-(OH) 2 vitamin D 3 prevents insulin resistance and regulates coordinated exocytosis and insulin secretion. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108864. [PMID: 34606907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is associated with improvements in insulin resistance and glycemia. In this study, we investigated the short-term effect of 1α,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3 (1,25-D3) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on the glycemia and insulin sensitivity of control and dexamethasone-induced insulin-resistance rats. 45Ca2+ influx responses to 1,25-D3 and its role in insulin secretion were investigated in isolated pancreatic islets from control rats. In vivo, 5 d treatment with 1,25-D3 (i.p.) prevented insulin resistance in dexamethasone-treated rats. Treatment with 1,25-D3 improved the activities of hepatic enzymes, serum lipids and calcium concentrations in insulin-resistant rats. 25-D3 (o.g.) does not affect insulin resistance. In pancreatic islets, 1,25-D3 increased insulin secretion and stimulated rapid response 45Ca2+ influx. The stimulatory effect of 1,25-D3 on 45Ca2+ influx was decreased by diazoxide, apamine, thapsigargin, dantrolene, 2-APB, nifedipine, TEA, PKA, PKC, and cytoskeleton inhibitor, while it was increased by glibenclamide and N-ethylmaleimide. The stimulatory effect of 1,25-D3 on 45Ca2+ influx involves the activation of L-type VDCC, K+-ATP, K+-Ca2+, and Kv channels, which augment cytosolic calcium. These ionic changes mobilize calcium from stores and downstream activation of PKC, PKA tethering vesicle traffic and fusion at the plasma membrane for insulin secretion. This is the first study highlighting the unprecedented role of 1,25-D3 (short-term effect) in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and on prevention of insulin resistance. Furthermore, this study shows the intracellular β-cell signal transduction of 1,25-D3 through the modulation of pivotal ionic channels and proteins exhibiting a coordinated exocytosis of vesicles for insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karla Bittencourt Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil
| | - Paola Miranda Sulis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carvalho Cavalari
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil; Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil
| | - Diana Patricia Rey Padilla
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Farmácia, Facultad de Ciencias, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Marcela Aragón
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Farmácia, Facultad de Ciencias, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Joana Margarida Gaspar
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil; Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil.
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13
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A hierarchical regulatory network analysis of the vitamin D induced transcriptome reveals novel regulators and complete VDR dependency in monocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6518. [PMID: 33753848 PMCID: PMC7985518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the high affinity nuclear target of the biologically active form of vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). In order to identify pure genomic transcriptional effects of 1,25(OH)2D3, we used VDR cistrome, transcriptome and open chromatin data, obtained from the human monocytic cell line THP-1, for a novel hierarchical analysis applying three bioinformatics approaches. We predicted 75.6% of all early 1,25(OH)2D3-responding (2.5 or 4 h) and 57.4% of the late differentially expressed genes (24 h) to be primary VDR target genes. VDR knockout led to a complete loss of 1,25(OH)2D3–induced genome-wide gene regulation. Thus, there was no indication of any VDR-independent non-genomic actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 modulating its transcriptional response. Among the predicted primary VDR target genes, 47 were coding for transcription factors and thus may mediate secondary 1,25(OH)2D3 responses. CEBPA and ETS1 ChIP-seq data and RNA-seq following CEBPA knockdown were used to validate the predicted regulation of secondary vitamin D target genes by both transcription factors. In conclusion, a directional network containing 47 partly novel primary VDR target transcription factors describes secondary responses in a highly complex vitamin D signaling cascade. The central transcription factor VDR is indispensable for all transcriptome-wide effects of the nuclear hormone.
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14
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Yadav RK, Minz E, Mehan S. Understanding Abnormal c-JNK/p38MAPK Signaling in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Potential Drug Targets and Influences on Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:417-429. [PMID: 33557726 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210126113848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
c-JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members work in a cell-specific manner to regulate neuronal signals. The abnormal activation of these cellular signals can cause glutamate excitotoxicity, disrupted protein homeostasis, defective axonal transport, and synaptic dysfunction. Various pre-clinical and clinical findings indicate that the up-regulation of c-JNK and p38MAPK signaling is associated with neurological disorders. Exceptionally, a significant amount of experimental data has recently shown that dysregulated c-JNK and p38MAPK are implicated in the damage to the central nervous system, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Furthermore, currently available information has shown that c- JNK/p38MAPK signaling inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic alternative for improving histopathological, functional, and demyelination defects related to motor neuron disabilities. Understanding the abnormal activation of c-JNK/p38MAPK signaling and the prediction of motor neuron loss may help identify important therapeutic interventions that could prevent neurocomplications. Based on the involvement of c-JNK/p38MAPK signaling in the brain, we have assumed that the downregulation of the c-JNK/p38MAPK signaling pathway could trigger neuroprotection and neurotrophic effects towards clinicopathological presentations of ALS and other brain diseases. Thus, this research-based review also outlines the inhibition of c-JNK and p38MAPK signal downregulation in the pursuit of disease-modifying therapies for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar Kumar Yadav
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Elizabeth Minz
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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15
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Haussler MR, Livingston S, Sabir ZL, Haussler CA, Jurutka PW. Vitamin D Receptor Mediates a Myriad of Biological Actions Dependent on Its 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Ligand: Distinct Regulatory Themes Revealed by Induction of Klotho and Fibroblast Growth Factor-23. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10432. [PMID: 33553988 PMCID: PMC7839824 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormonal vitamin D metabolite, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], produced in kidney, acts in numerous end organs via the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) to trigger molecular events that orchestrate bone mineral homeostasis. VDR is a ligand‐controlled transcription factor that obligatorily heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor (RXR) to target vitamin D responsive elements (VDREs) in the vicinity of vitamin D‐regulated genes. Circulating 1,25(OH)2D concentrations are governed by PTH, an inducer of renal D‐hormone biosynthesis catalyzed by CYP27B1 that functions as the key player in a calcemic endocrine circuit, and by fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF23), a repressor of the CYP27B1 renal enzyme, creating a hypophosphatemic endocrine loop. 1,25(OH)2D/VDR–RXR acts in kidney to induce Klotho (a phosphaturic coreceptor for FGF23) to correct hyperphosphatemia, NPT2a/c to correct hypophosphatemia, and TRPV5 and CaBP28k to enhance calcium reabsorption. 1,25(OH)2D‐liganded VDR–RXR functions in osteoblasts/osteocytes by augmenting RANK‐ligand expression to paracrine signal osteoclastic bone resorption, while simultaneously inducing FGF23, SPP1, BGLP, LRP5, ANK1, ENPP1, and TNAP, and conversely repressing RUNX2 and PHEX expression, effecting localized control of mineralization to sculpt the skeleton. Herein, we document the history of 1,25(OH)2D/VDR and summarize recent advances in characterizing their physiology, biochemistry, and mechanism of action by highlighting two examples of 1,25(OH)2D/VDR molecular function. The first is VDR‐mediated primary induction of Klotho mRNA by 1,25(OH)2D in kidney via a mechanism initiated by the docking of liganded VDR–RXR on a VDRE at −35 kb in the mouse Klotho gene. In contrast, the secondary induction of FGF23 by 1,25(OH)2D in bone is proposed to involve rapid nongenomic action of 1,25(OH)2D/VDR to acutely activate PI3K, in turn signaling the induction of MZF1, a transcription factor that, in cooperation with c‐ets1‐P, binds to an enhancer element centered at −263 bp in the promoter‐proximal region of the mouse fgf23 gene. Chronically, 1,25(OH)2D‐induced osteopontin apparently potentiates MZF1. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ
| | - Sarah Livingston
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University Glendale AZ
| | - Zhela L Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University Glendale AZ
| | - Carol A Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ.,School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University Glendale AZ
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16
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Sjöqvist M, Antfolk D, Suarez-Rodriguez F, Sahlgren C. From structural resilience to cell specification - Intermediate filaments as regulators of cell fate. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21182. [PMID: 33205514 PMCID: PMC7839487 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001627r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades intermediate filaments (IFs) have emerged as important regulators of cellular signaling events, ascribing IFs with functions beyond the structural support they provide. The organ and developmental stage‐specific expression of IFs regulate cell differentiation within developing or remodeling tissues. Lack of IFs causes perturbed stem cell differentiation in vasculature, intestine, nervous system, and mammary gland, in transgenic mouse models. The aberrant cell fate decisions are caused by deregulation of different stem cell signaling pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, YAP/TAZ, and TGFβ. Mutations in genes coding for IFs cause an array of different diseases, many related to stem cell dysfunction, but the molecular mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of how IFs interact with and regulate the activity, localization and function of different signaling proteins in stem cells, and how the assembly state and PTM profile of IFs may affect these processes. Identifying when, where and how IFs and cell signaling congregate, will expand our understanding of IF‐linked stem cell dysfunction during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Sjöqvist
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Antfolk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Freddy Suarez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
It has been 20 years since we first proposed vitamin D as a "possible" neurosteroid.( 1 ) Our work over the last two decades, particularly results from our cellular and animal models, has confirmed the numerous ways in which vitamin D differentiates the developing brain. As a result, vitamin D can now confidently take its place among all other steroids known to regulate brain development.( 2 ) Others have concentrated on the possible neuroprotective functions of vitamin D in adult brains. Here these data are integrated, and possible mechanisms outlined for the various roles vitamin D appears to play in both developing and mature brains and how such actions shape behavior. There is now also good evidence linking gestational and/or neonatal vitamin D deficiency with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism, and adult vitamin D deficiency with certain degenerative conditions. In this mini-review, the focus is on what we have learned over these past 20 years regarding the genomic and nongenomic actions of vitamin D in shaping brain development, neurophysiology, and behavior in animal models. © 2020 The Author. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Walter Eyles
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research The Park Centre for Mental Health Wacol Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
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18
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Miclea A, Bagnoud M, Chan A, Hoepner R. A Brief Review of the Effects of Vitamin D on Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:781. [PMID: 32435244 PMCID: PMC7218089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized as an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. It is one of the most common neurological disorders in young adults. Over the past decades, increasing evidence suggested that hypovitaminosis D is a contributing factor to the risk of developing MS. From different risk factors contributing to the development of MS, vitamin D status is of particular interest since it is not only a modifiable risk factor but is also associated with MS disease activity. MS patients with lower serum vitamin D concentrations were shown to have higher disease activity. However, this finding does not demonstrate causality. In this regard, prospective vitamin D supplementation studies missed statistical significance in its primary endpoints but showed promising results in secondary outcome measures or post hoc analyses. An explanation for missed primary endpoints may be underpowered trials. Besides vitamin D supplementation as a potential add-on to long-term immunotherapeutic treatment, a recent laboratory study of our group pointed toward a beneficial effect of vitamin D to improve the efficacy of glucocorticoids in relapse therapy. In the following article, we will briefly review the effects of vitamin D on MS by outlining its effects on the immune and nervous system and by reviewing the association between vitamin D and MS risk as well as MS disease activity. We will also review the effects of vitamin D supplementation on MS risk and MS disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Miclea
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maud Bagnoud
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Chan
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Hoepner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Murugeswari P, Firoz A, Murali S, Vinekar A, Krishna L, Anandula VR, Jeyabalan N, Chevour P, Jayadev C, Shetty R, Carpentier G, Kumaramanickavel G, Ghosh A, Das D. Vitamin-D3 (α-1, 25(OH) 2D3) Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium From Hyperoxic Insults. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:4. [PMID: 32031576 PMCID: PMC7325624 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress affects the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leading to development of vascular eye diseases. Cholecalciferol (VIT-D) is a known modulator of oxidative stress and angiogenesis. This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of VIT-D on RPE cells incubated under hyperoxic conditions. Methods Cadaver primary RPE (PRPE) cells were cultured in hyperoxia (40% O2) with or without VIT-D (α-1, 25(OH) 2D3). The functional and physiological effects of PRPE cells with VIT-D treatment were analyzed using molecular and biochemical tools. Results Vascular signaling modulators, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Notch, were reduced in hyperoxic conditions but significantly upregulated in the presence of VIT-D. Additionally, PRPE conditioned medium with VIT-D induced the tubulogenesis in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cells. VIT-D supplementation restored phagocytosis and transmembrane potential in PRPE cells cultured under hyperoxia. Conclusions VIT-D protects RPE cells and promotes angiogenesis under hyperoxic insult. These findings may give impetus to the potential of VIT-D as a therapeutic agent in hyperoxia induced retinal vascular diseases.
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20
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Morello M, Pieri M, Zenobi R, Talamo A, Stephan D, Landel V, Féron F, Millet P. The Influence of Vitamin D on Neurodegeneration and Neurological Disorders: A Rationale for its Physio-pathological Actions. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2475-2491. [PMID: 32175837 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316145725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone implicated in the regulation of neuronal integrity and many brain functions. Its influence, as a nutrient and a hormone, on the physiopathology of the most common neurodegenerative diseases is continuously emphasized by new studies. This review addresses what is currently known about the action of vitamin D on the nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Further vitamin D research is necessary to understand how the action of this "neuroactive" steroid can help to optimize the prevention and treatment of several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morello
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Zenobi
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Talamo
- Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Delphine Stephan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - Verena Landel
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - François Féron
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Millet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France.,Association UNIVI (Agirc-Arrco), 75010 Paris, France.,Hôpital Gériatrique les Magnolias, Ballainvilliers, France
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21
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El-Boshy M, Refaat B, Almaimani RA, Abdelghany AH, Ahmad J, Idris S, Almasmoum H, Mahbub AA, Ghaith MM, BaSalamah MA. Vitamin D 3 and calcium cosupplementation alleviates cadmium hepatotoxicity in the rat: Enhanced antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions by remodeling cellular calcium pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22440. [PMID: 31926057 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca) attenuate cadmium (Cd) metabolism, their combined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions against Cd toxicity have not been previously explored. Hence, this study measured the protective effects of VD ± Ca supplements against Cd hepatotoxicity. Forty adult male rats were distributed to: negative controls (NCs), positive controls (PCs), VD, Ca, and VD3 and Ca (VDC) groups. All groups, except NC, received CdCl2 in drinking water (44 mg/L) for 4 weeks individually or concurrently with intramuscular VD3 (600 IU/kg; three times per week) and/or oral Ca (100 mg/kg; five times per week). The PC group showed abnormal hepatic biochemical parameters and increase in cellular cytochrome C, caspase-9, and caspase-3 alongside the apoptotic/necrotic cell numbers by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling technique. The PC hepatic tissue also had substantially elevated pro-oxidants (malondialdehyde [MDA]/H2 O2 /protein carbonyls) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β]/IL-6/IL17A/tumor necrosis factor-α), whereas the anti-inflammatory (IL-10/IL-22) and antioxidants (glutathione [GSH]/GPx/catalase enzyme [CAT]) markers declined. Hypovitaminosis D, low hepatic tissue Ca, aberrant hepatic expression of VD-metabolizing enzymes (Cyp2R1/Cyp27a1/cyp24a1), receptor and binding protein alongside Ca-membrane (CaV 1.1/CaV 3.1), and store-operated (RyR1/ITPR1) channels, and Ca-binding proteins (CAM/CAMKIIA/S100A1/S100B) were observed in the PC group. Both monotherapies decreased serum, but not tissue Cd levels, restored the targeted hepatic VD/Ca molecules' expression. However, these effects were more prominent in the VD group than the Ca group. The VDC group, contrariwise, disclosed the greatest alleviations on serum and tissue Cd, inflammatory and oxidative markers, the VD/Ca molecules and tissue integrity. In conclusion, this report is the first to reveal boosted protection for cosupplementing VD and Ca against Cd hepatotoxicity that could be due to enhanced antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and modulation of the Ca pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Boshy
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelghany H Abdelghany
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A Mahbub
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A BaSalamah
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Alzghoul L. Role of Vitamin D in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4357-4367. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191122092215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder with heterogeneous etiology.
Vitamin D can function as a fat-soluble vitamin as well as a hormone, and can exert its effect through both genomic
and non-genomic mechanisms. In the last decades, several studies have examined the relationship between
vitamin D levels and ASD. These studies demonstrated that low vitamin D status in early development has been
hypothesized as an environmental risk factor for ASD. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that
vitamin D deficiency in early life can alter brain development, dysregulates neurotransmitter balance in the brain,
decreases body and brain antioxidant ability, and alters the immune system in ways that resemble pathological
features commonly seen in ASD. In this review, we focused on the association between vitamin D and ASD. In
addition, the above-mentioned mechanisms of action that link vitamin D deficiency with ASD were also discussed.
Finally, clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation treatment of ASD have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loai Alzghoul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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23
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1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D modulates L-type voltage-gated calcium channels in a subset of neurons in the developing mouse prefrontal cortex. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:281. [PMID: 31712549 PMCID: PMC6848150 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been associated with a range of genetic and environmental risk factors. Here we explored a link between two risk factors that converge on a shared neurobiological pathway. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified risk variants in genes that code for L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs), while epidemiological studies have found an increased risk of schizophrenia in those with neonatal vitamin D deficiency. The active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) is a secosteroid that rapidly modulates L-VGCCs via non-genomic mechanisms in a range of peripheral tissues, though its non-genomic effects within the brain remain largely unexplored. Here we used calcium imaging, electrophysiology and molecular biology to determine whether 1,25(OH)2D non-genomically modulated L-VGCCs in the developing prefrontal cortex, a region widely implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. Wide-field Ca2+ imaging revealed that physiological concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D rapidly enhanced activity-dependent somatic Ca2+ levels in a small subset of neurons in the developing PFC, termed vitamin D-responsive neurons (VDRNs). Somatic nucleated patch recordings revealed a rapid, 1,25(OH)2D-evoked increase in high-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents. Enhanced activity-dependent Ca2+ levels were mediated by L-VGCC but not associated with any changes to Cacna1c (L-VGCC pore-forming subunit) mRNA expression. Since L-VGCC activity is critical to healthy neurodevelopment, these data suggest that suboptimal concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D could alter brain maturation through modulation of L-VGCC signalling and as such may provide a parsimonious link between epidemiologic and genetic risk factors for schizophrenia.
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24
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Kim JM, Heo HS, Shin SC, Kwon HK, Lee JC, Sung ES, Kim HS, Park GC, Lee BJ. Increased calcium channel in the lamina propria of aging rat. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8810-8824. [PMID: 31682233 PMCID: PMC6834399 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in lamina propria of the vocal folds are important changes that are associated with decreased vibrations and increased stiffness in aging vocal fold. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in gene expression of lamina propria using next generation sequencing (NGS) in young and aging rats and to identify genes that affect aging-related ECM changes for developing novel therapeutic target molecule. Among the 40 genes suggested in the NGS analysis, voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) subunit alpha1 S (CACNA1S), VGCC auxiliary subunit beta 1 (CACNB1), and VGCC auxiliary subunit gamma 1 (CACNG1) were increased in the lamina propria of the old rats compared to the young rats. The synthesis of collagen I and III in hVFFs decreased after si-CACNA1S and verapamil treatment. The expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and -8 were increased in hVFFs after the treatment of verapamil. However, there was no change in the expression of MMP-2 and -9. These results suggest that some calcium channels may be related with the alteration of aging-related ECM in vocal folds. Calcium channel has promising potential as a novel therapeutic target for the remodeling ECM of aging lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Sam Heo
- Division of Bio-Medical Informatics, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chan Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Keun Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Choon Lee
- , Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Suk Sung
- , Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, school of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Translational Dental Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Cheol Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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25
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Functional Nutrients for Epilepsy. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061309. [PMID: 31185666 PMCID: PMC6628163 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder of which seizures are a core symptom. Approximately one third of epileptic patients are resistant to antiepileptic drugs and therefore require alternative therapeutic options. Dietary and nutritional supplements can in some cases replace drugs, but with the exception of ketogenic diets, there are no officially recommended dietary considerations for patients with epilepsy. In this review we summarize a selection of nutritional suggestions that have proved beneficial in treating different types of epilepsy. We describe the types of seizures and epilepsy and follow this with an introduction to basic molecular mechanisms. We then examine several functional nutrients for which there is clinical evidence of therapeutic efficacy in reducing seizures or epilepsy-associated sudden death. We also discuss experimental results that demonstrate possible molecular mechanisms elicited by the administration of various nutrients. The availability of multiple dietary and nutritional candidates that show favorable outcomes in animals implies that assessing the clinical potential of these substances will improve translational medicine, ultimately benefitting epilepsy patients.
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26
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Hadjadj L, Pál É, Monori-Kiss A, Sziva RE, Korsós-Novák Á, Mária Horváth E, Benkő R, Magyar A, Magyar P, Benyó Z, Nádasy GL, Várbíró S. Vitamin D deficiency and androgen excess result eutrophic remodeling and reduced myogenic adaptation in small cerebral arterioles in female rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:529-534. [PMID: 30623742 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1554037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (vitD) insufficiency affects 1 billion people worldwide. Androgen excess (AE) occurs in 8% of fertile females. There are few data about the combined effect of vitD deficiency and AE on the early biomechanical changes of cerebral arterioles in fertile-aged female. Forty-six adolescent female Wistar rats (21-28 day-old, weighing 90-110 g) were grouped randomly in four groups: vitD supplemented groups with and without transdermal testosterone (T) treatment, as well as vitD deficient groups also with and without transdermal T (n = 11 or 12, in all cases). After 8 weeks of treatment, anterior cerebral arterioles (in vivo diameter of 90-130 µm) were obtained and cylindrical segments were examined by pressure arteriography. Myogenic tone, tangential stress and incremental elastic moduli were computed and statistically analyzed. Elastic density was studied on resorcin-fuchsin-stained histological section. VitD deficiency with T treatment resulted in significantly lower inner radii and higher wall thickness values with reduced tangential stress and increased elastic fiber density. VitD deficiency reduced myogenic tone at higher intraluminar pressures (>110 mmHg). Our conclusion is that plasma vitD level is an important factor in the control of myogenic tone in cerebral resistance arteries. AE and vitD deficiency acting parallel induce remodeling of their wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hadjadj
- a Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Éva Pál
- a Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anna Monori-Kiss
- a Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Réka Eszter Sziva
- b 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Ágnes Korsós-Novák
- c Department of Pathology , Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Hetényi Géza Regional Hospital , Szolnok , Hungary
| | - Eszter Mária Horváth
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Rita Benkő
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Attila Magyar
- e Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Semmelweis University , Faculty of Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Péter Magyar
- f Department of Radiology , Semmelweis University , Faculty of Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- a Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - György L Nádasy
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Várbíró
- b 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
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27
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Vitamin D in Synaptic Plasticity, Cognitive Function, and Neuropsychiatric Illness. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:293-306. [PMID: 30795846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over a billion people worldwide are affected by vitamin D deficiency. Although vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired cognition, the mechanisms mediating this link are poorly understood. The extracellular matrix (ECM) has now emerged as an important participant of synaptic plasticity and a new hypothesis is that vitamin D may interact with aggregates of the ECM, perineuronal nets (PNNs), to regulate brain plasticity. Dysregulation of PNNs caused by vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the presentation of cognitive deficits. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the role of vitamin D in brain plasticity and cognition could help identify ways to treat cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric conditions.
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28
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Enhanced remedial effects for vitamin D3 and calcium co-supplementation against pre-existing lead nephrotoxicity in mice: The roles of renal calcium homeostatic molecules. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:512-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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Eyles DW, Trzaskowski M, Vinkhuyzen AAE, Mattheisen M, Meier S, Gooch H, Anggono V, Cui X, Tan MC, Burne THJ, Jang SE, Kvaskoff D, Hougaard DM, Nørgaard-Pedersen B, Cohen A, Agerbo E, Pedersen CB, Børglum AD, Mors O, Sah P, Wray NR, Mortensen PB, McGrath JJ. The association between neonatal vitamin D status and risk of schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17692. [PMID: 30523285 PMCID: PMC6283870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clues from the epidemiology of schizophrenia, such as the increased risk in those born in winter/spring, have led to the hypothesis that prenatal vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of later schizophrenia. We wish to explore this hypothesis in a large Danish case-control study (n = 2602). The concentration of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was assessed from neonatal dried blood samples. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated when examined for quintiles of 25OHD concentration. In addition, we examined statistical models that combined 25OHD concentration and the schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS) in a sample that combined the new sample with a previous study (total n = 3464; samples assayed and genotyped between 2008-2013). Compared to the reference (fourth) quintile, those in the lowest quintile (<20.4 nmol/L) had a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia (IRR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.12–1.85). None of the other quintile comparisons were significantly different. There was no significant interaction between 25OHD and the PRS. Neonatal vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia in later life. These findings could have important public health implications related to the primary prevention of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maciej Trzaskowski
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna A E Vinkhuyzen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sandra Meier
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Mental Health Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helen Gooch
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victor Anggono
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Men Chee Tan
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Thomas H J Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Se Eun Jang
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - David Kvaskoff
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - David M Hougaard
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Nørgaard-Pedersen
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arieh Cohen
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten B Pedersen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine and iSEQ-Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia. .,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia. .,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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30
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Integrative cytological analysis of the effects of Ca 2+ and vitamin D 3 on extracellular Ca 2+ flux and intracellular Ca 2+ reserves in the mantle of the pearl oyster (Hyriopsis cumingii Lea). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 227:50-55. [PMID: 30236454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To examine Ca2+ absorption and transportation in the freshwater pearl oyster, Hyriopsis cumingii Lea, we studied the effects of different levels of either extracellular Ca2+ or 1,25(OH)2D3 on extracellular Ca2+ flux and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in mantle cells using the non-invasive micro-test technique and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The inner and outer mantle (IM and OM) cells from mussels were cultured and then treated with different concentrations of Ca2+ and 1,25(OH)2D3. Extracellular Ca2+ flux and intracellular Ca2+ reserves were analyzed. The results showed that both extracellular Ca2+ and 1,25(OH)2D3 had significant effects on Ca2+ flux and reserves in mantle cells, especially in IM cells (P < .05). The increase in extracellular Ca2+ concentrations resulted in the conversion of extracellular Ca2+ flux into influx with an increase in flow rate (P < .05). The calcium ion fluorescence intensity of OM cells was higher than that of IM cells (P < .05). 1,25(OH)2D3 addition also significantly increased the influx rate of extracellular Ca2+, especially in IM cells, which were more sensitive to 1,25(OH)2D3 addition and had significantly higher Ca2+ influx rates than did OM cells (P < .05). Fluorescence intensities of intracellular Ca2+ first increased and then decreased with increasing 1,25(OH)2D3 levels. The study showed that IM cells play an important role in absorbing Ca2+ from the environment, while OM cells mainly function in the temporary storage and transportation of Ca2+ in the body. The current results suggested that high levels of extracellular Ca2+ (1.25 mM) or 1,25(OH)2D3 (over 100 IU/L) were favorable for Ca2+ uptake and maintenance in the body.
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31
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Tamayo M, Martin-Nunes L, Val-Blasco A, Piedras MJ, Larriba MJ, Gómez-Hurtado N, Fernández-Velasco M, Delgado C. Calcitriol, the Bioactive Metabolite of Vitamin D, Increases Ventricular K + Currents in Isolated Mouse Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1186. [PMID: 30197603 PMCID: PMC6117532 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcitriol, the bioactive metabolite of vitamin D, interacts with the ubiquitously expressed nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) to induce genomic effects, but it can also elicit rapid responses via membrane-associated VDR through mechanisms that are poorly understood. The down-regulation of K+ currents is the main origin of electrophysiological remodeling in pathological hypertrophy and heart failure (HF), which can contribute to action potential prolongation and subsequently increase the risk of triggered arrhythmias. Adult mouse ventricular myocytes were isolated and treated with 10 nM calcitriol or vehicle for 15–30 min. In some experiments, cardiomyocytes were pretreated with the Akt inhibitor triciribine. In the adult mouse ventricle, outward K+ currents involved in cardiac repolarization are comprised of three components: the fast transient outward current (Itof), the ultrarapid delayed rectifier K+ current (Ikur), and the non-inactivating steady-state outward current (Iss). K+ currents were investigated using the whole-cell or the perforated patch-clamp technique and normalized to cell capacitance to obtain current densities. Calcitriol treatment of cardiomyocytes induced an increase in the density of Itof and Ikur, which was lost in myocytes isolated from VDR-knockout mice. In addition, calcitriol activated Akt in cardiomyocytes and pretreatment with triciribine prevented the calcitriol-induced increase of outward K+ currents. In conclusion, we demonstrate that calcitriol via VDR and Akt increases both Itof and Ikur densities in mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes. Our findings may provide new mechanistics clues for the cardioprotective role of this hormone in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Tamayo
- Biomedical Research Institute "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM/CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martin-Nunes
- Biomedical Research Institute "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM/CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Val-Blasco
- Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ/CIBER-CV, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Piedras
- Biomedical Research Institute "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM/CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain.,University Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Larriba
- Biomedical Research Institute "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM/CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Delgado
- Biomedical Research Institute "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM/CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Bhattarai P, Bhattarai JP, Kim MS, Han SK. Non-genomic action of vitamin D3 on N-methyl-D-aspartate and kainate receptor-mediated actions in juvenile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1231-1238. [PMID: 27225229 DOI: 10.1071/rd15357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a versatile signalling molecule that plays a critical role in calcium homeostasis. There are several studies showing the genomic action of vitamin D in the control of reproduction; however, the quick non-genomic action of vitamin D at the hypothalamic level is not well understood. Therefore, to investigate the effect of vitamin D on juvenile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, excitatory neurotransmitter receptor agonists N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 30μM) and kainate (10μM) were applied in the absence or in the presence of vitamin D3 (VitaD3, 10nM). The NMDA-mediated responses were decreased by VitaD3 in the absence and in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a sodium-channel blocker, with the mean relative inward current being 0.56±0.07 and 0.66±0.07 (P<0.05), respectively. In addition, VitaD3 induced a decrease in the frequency of gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated (GABAergic) spontaneous postsynaptic currents and spontaneous postsynaptic currents induced by NMDA application with a mean relative frequency of 0.595±0.07 and 0.56±0.09, respectively. Further, VitaD3 decreased the kainate-induced inward currents in the absence and in the presence of TTX with a relative inward current of 0.64±0.06 and 0.68±0.06, respectively (P<0.05). These results suggest that VitaD3 has a non-genomic action and partially inhibits the NMDA and kainate receptor-mediated actions of GnRH neurons, suggesting that VitaD3 may regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis at the time of pubertal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Bhattarai
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Duckjin Dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Janardhan P Bhattarai
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Duckjin Dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Medical School, and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Duckjin Dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Duckjin Dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
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Freedman R, Hunter SK, Hoffman MC. Prenatal Primary Prevention of Mental Illness by Micronutrient Supplements in Pregnancy. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 175:607-619. [PMID: 29558816 PMCID: PMC6984656 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17070836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Genes, infection, malnutrition, and other factors affecting fetal brain development are a major component of risk for a child's emotional development and later mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism. Prenatal interventions to ameliorate that risk have yet to be established for clinical use. A systematic review of prenatal nutrients and childhood emotional development and later mental illness was performed. Randomized trials of folic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and omega-3 fatty acid supplements assess effects of doses beyond those adequate to remedy deficiencies to promote normal fetal development despite genetic and environmental risks. Folic acid to prevent neural tube defects is an example. Vitamins A and D are currently recommended at maximum levels, but women's incomplete compliance permits observational studies of their effects. Folic acid and phosphatidylcholine supplements have shown evidence for improving childhood emotional development associated with later mental illnesses. Vitamins A and D decreased the risk for schizophrenia and autism in retrospective observations. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during early pregnancy increased the risk for schizophrenia and increased symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but in later pregnancy it decreased childhood wheezing and premature birth. Studies are complicated by the length of time between birth and the emergence of mental illnesses like schizophrenia, compared with anomalies like facial clefts identified at birth. As part of comprehensive maternal and fetal care, prenatal nutrient interventions should be further considered as uniquely effective first steps in decreasing risk for future psychiatric and other illnesses in newborn children. [AJP at 175: Remembering Our Past As We Envision Our Future July 1959: Longitudinal Observations of Biological Deviations in a Schizophrenic Infant Barbara Fish described the course of an infant born with fluctuating motor problems who developed schizophrenia. (Am J Psychiatry 1959; 116:25-31 )].
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Freedman
- From the Institute for Children’s Mental Disorders and the Departments of Psychiatry and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Sharon K. Hunter
- From the Institute for Children’s Mental Disorders and the Departments of Psychiatry and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - M. Camille Hoffman
- From the Institute for Children’s Mental Disorders and the Departments of Psychiatry and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
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Schmitz F, Pierozan P, Biasibetti-Brendler H, Ferreira FS, Dos Santos Petry F, Trindade VMT, Pessoa-Pureur R, Wyse ATS. Methylphenidate disrupts cytoskeletal homeostasis and reduces membrane-associated lipid content in juvenile rat hippocampus. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:693-704. [PMID: 29288365 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although methylphenidate (MPH) is ubiquitously prescribed to children and adolescents, the consequences of chronic utilization of this psychostimulant are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of MPH on cytoskeletal homeostasis and lipid content in rat hippocampus. Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of MPH (2.0 mg/kg) or saline solution (controls), once a day, from the 15th to the 44th day of age. Results showed that MPH provoked hypophosphorylation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and reduced its immunocontent. Middle and high molecular weight neurofilament subunits (NF-M, NF-H) were hypophosphorylated by MPH on KSP repeat tail domains, while NFL, NFM and NFH immunocontents were not altered. MPH increased protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) immunocontents. MPH also decreased the total content of ganglioside and phospholipid, as well as the main brain gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, and GD1b) and the major brain phospholipids (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine). Total cholesterol content was also reduced in the hippocampi of juvenile rats treated with MPH. These results provide evidence that disruptions of cytoskeletal and lipid homeostasis in hippocampus of juvenile rats are triggers by chronic MPH treatment and present a new basis for understanding the effects and consequences associated with chronic use of this psychostimulant during the development of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Helena Biasibetti-Brendler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dos Santos Petry
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Celular de Lipídios, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Treis Trindade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Celular de Lipídios, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Regina Pessoa-Pureur
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório do Citoesqueleto, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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Caccamo D, Ricca S, Currò M, Ientile R. Health Risks of Hypovitaminosis D: A Review of New Molecular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030892. [PMID: 29562608 PMCID: PMC5877753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D has become a pandemic, being observed in all ethnicities and age groups worldwide. Environmental factors, such as increased air pollution and reduced ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, as well as lifestyle factors, i.e., decreased outdoor activities and/or poor intake of vitamin D-rich food, are likely involved in the etiology of a dramatic reduction of vitamin D circulating levels. The insufficiency/deficiency of vitamin D has long been known for its association with osteoporosis and rickets. However, in the last few decades it has become a serious public health concern since it has been shown to be independently associated with various chronic pathological conditions such as cancer, coronary heart disease, neurological diseases, type II diabetes, autoimmune diseases, depression, with various inflammatory disorders, and with increased risk for all-cause mortality in the general population. Prevention strategies for these disorders have recently involved supplementation with either vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 or their analogs at required daily doses and tolerable upper-limit levels. This review will focus on the emerging evidence about non-classical biological functions of vitamin D in various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sergio Ricca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ientile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Miratashi Yazdi SA, Abbasi M, Miratashi Yazdi SM. Epilepsy and vitamin D: a comprehensive review of current knowledge. Rev Neurosci 2018; 28:185-201. [PMID: 27988507 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has been considered as neurosteroid, and its pivotal role in neuroprotection, brain development, and immunomodulation has been noticed in studies; however, our knowledge regarding its role in neurological disorders is still developing. The potential role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology and treatment of epilepsy, as one the most prevalent neurological disorders, has received less attention in recent years. In this article, we review the possible relationship between vitamin D and epilepsy from different aspects, including the action mechanism of vitamin D in the central nervous system and ecological and epidemiological findings. We also present the outcome of studies that evaluated the level of vitamin D and the impact of administrating vitamin D in epileptic patients or animal subjects. We also review the current evidence on interactions between vitamin D and antiepileptic drugs.
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Stessman LE, Peeples ES. Vitamin D and Its Role in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Neonatology 2018; 113:305-312. [PMID: 29466806 DOI: 10.1159/000486819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that vitamin D plays an important role in many adult neurologic disorders, but is also critical in neuronal development and pruning in the neonatal and pediatric populations. Neonates are at a particularly high risk of vitamin D deficiency, in part due to the high prevalence of maternal deficiency during pregnancy. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that infants born to vitamin D-deficient mothers are at a high risk of developing neonatal brain injury, and recent clinical studies have shown that neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) tend to be vitamin D-deficient. There are limited data, however, on whether additional prenatal or postnatal supplementation may alter the prevalence or severity of neonatal HIE. This review examines the current data supporting the neuroprotective role of vitamin D, with a focus on how these findings may be translated to neonates with HIE.
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Vitamin D and Neurological Diseases: An Endocrine View. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112482. [PMID: 29160835 PMCID: PMC5713448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D system comprises hormone precursors, active metabolites, carriers, enzymes, and receptors involved in genomic and non-genomic effects. In addition to classical bone-related effects, this system has also been shown to activate multiple molecular mediators and elicit many physiological functions. In vitro and in vivo studies have, in fact, increasingly focused on the "non-calcemic" actions of vitamin D, which are associated with the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular morbidity, autoimmunity, inflammation, and cancer. In parallel, growing evidence has recognized that a multimodal association links vitamin D system to brain development, functions and diseases. With vitamin D deficiency reaching epidemic proportions worldwide, there is now concern that optimal levels of vitamin D in the bloodstream are also necessary to preserve the neurological development and protect the adult brain. The aim of this review is to highlight the relationship between vitamin D and neurological diseases.
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Cui X, Gooch H, Petty A, McGrath JJ, Eyles D. Vitamin D and the brain: Genomic and non-genomic actions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:131-143. [PMID: 28579120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1,25(OH)2D3 (vitamin D) is well-recognized as a neurosteroid that modulates multiple brain functions. A growing body of evidence indicates that vitamin D plays a pivotal role in brain development, neurotransmission, neuroprotection and immunomodulation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts these functions in the brain are still unclear. Vitamin D signalling occurs via the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a zinc-finger protein in the nuclear receptor superfamily. Like other nuclear steroids, vitamin D has both genomic and non-genomic actions. The transcriptional activity of vitamin D occurs via the nuclear VDR. Its faster, non-genomic actions can occur when the VDR is distributed outside the nucleus. The VDR is present in the developing and adult brain where it mediates the effects of vitamin D on brain development and function. The purpose of this review is to summarise the in vitro and in vivo work that has been conducted to characterise the genomic and non-genomic actions of vitamin D in the brain. Additionally we link these processes to functional neurochemical and behavioural outcomes. Elucidation of the precise molecular mechanisms underpinning vitamin D signalling in the brain may prove useful in understanding the role this steroid plays in brain ontogeny and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Helen Gooch
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Alice Petty
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld 4076, Australia; National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Darryl Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld 4076, Australia.
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Cass WA, Peters LE. Reduced ability of calcitriol to promote augmented dopamine release in the lesioned striatum of aged rats. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:222-229. [PMID: 28390950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that affects over one million people in the United States. Previous studies, carried out in young adult rats, have shown that calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D, can be neuroprotective in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) models of PD. However, as PD usually affects older individuals, the ability of calcitriol to promote dopaminergic recovery was examined in lesioned young adult (4 month old), middle-aged (14 month old) and aged (22 month old) rats. Animals were given a single injection of 12 μg 6-OHDA into the right striatum. Four weeks later they were administered vehicle or calcitriol (1.0 μg/kg, s.c.) once a day for eight consecutive days. In vivo microdialysis experiments were carried out three weeks after the calcitriol or vehicle treatments to measure potassium and amphetamine evoked overflow of DA from both the left and right striata. In control animals treated with 6-OHDA and vehicle there were significant reductions in evoked overflow of DA on the lesioned side of the brain compared to the contralateral side. The calcitriol treatments significantly increased evoked overflow of DA from the lesioned striatum in both the young adult and middle-aged rats. However, the calcitriol treatments did not significantly augment DA overflow in the aged rats. Postmortem tissue levels of striatal DA were also increased in the young and middle-aged animals, but not in the aged animals. In the substantia nigra, the calcitriol treatments led to increased levels of DA in all three age groups. Thus, the effects of calcitriol were similar in the young adult and middle-aged animals, but in the aged animals the effects of calcitriol were diminished. These results suggest that calcitriol may help promote recovery of dopaminergic functioning in injured nigrostriatal neurons; however, the effectiveness of calcitriol may be reduced in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A Cass
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Laura E Peters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Garcia‐Gil M, Pierucci F, Vestri A, Meacci E. Crosstalk between sphingolipids and vitamin D3: potential role in the nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:605-627. [PMID: 28127747 PMCID: PMC6398521 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are both structural and bioactive compounds. In particular, ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate regulate cell fate, inflammation and excitability. 1-α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3 ) is known to play an important physiological role in growth and differentiation in a variety of cell types, including neural cells, through genomic actions mediated by its specific receptor, and non-genomic effects that result in the activation of specific signalling pathways. 1,25(OH)2 D3 and sphingolipids, in particular sphingosine 1-phosphate, share many common effectors, including calcium regulation, growth factors and inflammatory cytokines, but it is still not known whether they can act synergistically. Alterations in the signalling and concentrations of sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 have been found in neurodegenerative diseases and fingolimod, a structural analogue of sphingosine, has been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This review, after a brief description of the role of sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 , will focus on the potential crosstalk between sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 in neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia‐Gil
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ‘Nutraceuticals and Food for Health’University of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, Molecular and Applied Biology Research UnitUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- Interuniversitary Miology InstitutesItaly
| | - Ambra Vestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, Molecular and Applied Biology Research UnitUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- Interuniversitary Miology InstitutesItaly
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, Molecular and Applied Biology Research UnitUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- Interuniversitary Miology InstitutesItaly
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Tamayo M, Manzanares E, Bas M, Martín-Nunes L, Val-Blasco A, Jesús Larriba M, Fernández-Velasco M, Delgado C. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) increases L-type calcium current via protein kinase A signaling and modulates calcium cycling and contractility in isolated mouse ventricular myocytes. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:432-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Heimfarth L, da Silva Ferreira F, Pierozan P, Mingori MR, Moreira JCF, da Rocha JBT, Pessoa-Pureur R. Astrocyte-neuron interaction in diphenyl ditelluride toxicity directed to the cytoskeleton. Toxicology 2017; 379:1-11. [PMID: 28137618 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diphenylditelluride (PhTe)2 is a neurotoxin that disrupts cytoskeletal homeostasis. We are showing that different concentrations of (PhTe)2 caused hypophosphorylation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin and neurofilament subunits (NFL, NFM and NFH) and altered actin organization in co-cultured astrocytes and neurons from cerebral cortex of rats. These mechanisms were mediated by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors without participation of either L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (L-VDCC) or metabotropic glutamate receptors. Upregulated Ca2+ influx downstream of NMDA receptors activated Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) causing hypophosphorylation of astrocyte and neuron IFs. Immunocytochemistry showed that hypophosphorylated intermediate filaments (IF) failed to disrupt their organization into the cytoskeleton. However, phalloidin-actin-FITC stained cytoskeleton evidenced misregulation of actin distribution, cell spreading and increased stress fibers in astrocytes. βIII tubulin staining showed that neurite meshworks are not altered by (PhTe)2, suggesting greater susceptibility of astrocytes than neurons to (PheTe)2 toxicity. These findings indicate that signals leading to IF hypophosphorylation fail to disrupt the cytoskeletal IF meshwork of interacting astrocytes and neurons in vitro however astrocyte actin network seems more susceptible. Our findings support that intracellular Ca2+ is one of the crucial signals that modulate the action of (PhTe)2 in co-cultured astrocytes and neurons and highlights the cytoskeleton as an end-point of the neurotoxicity of this compound. Cytoskeletal misregulation is associated with cell dysfunction, therefore, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating the neurotoxicity of this compound is a matter of increasing interest since tellurium compounds are increasingly released in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Heimfarth
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Pierozan
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moara Rodrigues Mingori
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Regina Pessoa-Pureur
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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The Role of Vitamin D₃ in the Development and Neuroprotection of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 100:273-97. [PMID: 26827956 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has long been synonymous with bone health. More recently, new health benefits are continually being associated with vitamin D, including a burgeoning field on neuroprotective properties. This has generated a huge explosion of interest in recent years in the potential for vitamin D to be used not only as a therapeutic in neurodegenerative disease, including Parkinson's disease, but also as biomarkers and for risk association. With an emphasis on Parkinson's disease, this chapter will discuss recent evidence supporting the assertion that vitamin D can be a useful therapeutic agent used as an intervention therapy to be combined with existing treatments; and the case for further development of novel treatments utilizing the potential of vitamin D. In addition, we present novel, previously unpublished evidence showing that in a unilateral model of Parkinson's disease, vitamin D can not only reduce the extent of denervation, but that this is also reflected in functional benefit to the animals. The potential of vitamin D is slowly being realized; in the future, it will be widely associated with far more than just bone health and may even contribute to an elusive treatment of neurodegenerative illness.
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Reis KP, Heimfarth L, Pierozan P, Ferreira F, Loureiro SO, Fernandes CG, Carvalho RV, Pessoa-Pureur R. High postnatal susceptibility of hippocampal cytoskeleton in response to ethanol exposure during pregnancy and lactation. Alcohol 2015; 49:665-74. [PMID: 26314629 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol exposure to offspring during pregnancy and lactation leads to developmental disorders, including central nervous system dysfunction. In the present work, we have studied the effect of chronic ethanol exposure during pregnancy and lactation on the phosphorylating system associated with the astrocytic and neuronal intermediate filament (IF) proteins: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament (NF) subunits of low, medium, and high molecular weight (NFL, NFM, and NFH, respectively) in 9- and 21-day-old pups. Female rats were fed with 20% ethanol in their drinking water during pregnancy and lactation. The homeostasis of the IF phosphorylation was not altered in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, or hippocampus of 9-day-old pups. However, GFAP, NFL, and NFM were hyperphosphorylated in the hippocampus of 21-day-old pups. PKA had been activated in the hippocampus, and Ser55 in the N-terminal region of NFL was hyperphosphorylated. In addition, JNK/MAPK was activated and KSP repeats in the C-terminal region of NFM were hyperphosphorylated in the hippocampus of 21-day-old pups. Decreased NFH immunocontent but an unaltered total NFH/phosphoNFH ratio suggested altered stoichiometry of NFs in the hippocampus of ethanol-exposed 21-day-old pups. In contrast to the high susceptibility of hippocampal cytoskeleton in developing rats, the homeostasis of the cytoskeleton of ethanol-fed adult females was not altered. Disruption of the cytoskeletal homeostasis in neural cells supports the view that regions of the brain are differentially vulnerable to alcohol insult during pregnancy and lactation, suggesting that modulation of JNK/MAPK and PKA signaling cascades target the hippocampal cytoskeleton in a window of vulnerability in 21-day-old pups. Our findings are relevant, since disruption of the cytoskeleton in immature hippocampus could contribute to later hippocampal damage associated with ethanol toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pires Reis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rônan Vivian Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Regina Pessoa-Pureur
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Borges CC, Salles AF, Bringhenti I, Souza-Mello V, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency on the Pi3k/Akt pathway and pancreatic islet morphology in diet-induced obese mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:346-57. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celina Carvalho Borges
- Laboratory of Morphometry; Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases; Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology; State University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Andreza Fernandes Salles
- Laboratory of Morphometry; Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases; Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology; State University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Isabele Bringhenti
- Laboratory of Morphometry; Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases; Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology; State University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry; Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases; Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology; State University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry; Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases; Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology; State University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry; Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases; Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology; State University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Effect of cholecalciferol on the anticonvulsant action of some second generation antiepileptic drugs in the mouse model of maximal electroshock. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:875-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Gc-protein-derived macrophage activating factor counteracts the neuronal damage induced by oxaliplatin. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:197-209. [PMID: 25304987 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-based regimens are effective in metastasized advanced cancers. However, a major limitation to their widespread use is represented by neurotoxicity that leads to peripheral neuropathy. In this study we evaluated the roles of a proven immunotherapeutic agent [Gc-protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF)] in preventing or decreasing oxaliplatin-induced neuronal damage and in modulating microglia activation following oxaliplatin-induced damage. The effects of oxaliplatin and of a commercially available formula of GcMAF [oleic acid-GcMAF (OA-GcMAF)] were studied in human neurons (SH-SY5Y cells) and in human microglial cells (C13NJ). Cell density, morphology and viability, as well as production of cAMP and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), markers of neuron regeneration [neuromodulin or growth associated protein-43 (Gap-43)] and markers of microglia activation [ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and B7-2], were determined. OA-GcMAF reverted the damage inflicted by oxaliplatin on human neurons and preserved their viability. The neuroprotective effect was accompanied by increased intracellular cAMP production, as well as by increased expression of VEGF and neuromodulin. OA-GcMAF did not revert the effects of oxaliplatin on microglial cell viability. However, it increased microglial activation following oxaliplatin-induced damage, resulting in an increased expression of the markers Iba1 and B7-2 without any concomitant increase in cell number. When neurons and microglial cells were co-cultured, the presence of OA-GcMAF significantly counteracted the toxic effects of oxaliplatin. Our results demonstrate that OA-GcMAF, already used in the immunotherapy of advanced cancers, may significantly contribute to neutralizing the neurotoxicity induced by oxaliplatin, at the same time possibly concurring to an integrated anticancer effect. The association between these two powerful anticancer molecules would probably produce the dual effect of reduction of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity, together with possible synergism in the overall anticancer effect.
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49
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Cui X, Gooch H, Groves NJ, Sah P, Burne TH, Eyles DW, McGrath JJ. Vitamin D and the brain: key questions for future research. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:305-9. [PMID: 25448739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade a convergent body of evidence has emerged from epidemiology, animal experiments and clinical trials which links low vitamin D status with a range of adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes. This research demonstrates that the timing of exposure to low vitamin D influences the nature of brain phenotypes, as exposures during gestation versus adulthood result in different phenotypes. With respect to early life exposures, there is robust evidence from rodent experiments indicating that transient developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency is associated with changes in brain structure, neurochemistry, gene and protein expression and behavior. In particular, DVD deficiency is associated with alterations in the dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems. In contrast, recently published animal experiments indicate that adult vitamin D (AVD) deficiency is associated with more subtle neurochemical and behavioral phenotypes. This paper explores key issues that need to be addressed in future research. There is a need to define the timing and duration of the 'critical window' during which low vitamin D status is associated with differential and adverse brain outcomes. We discuss the role for 'two-hit hypotheses', which propose that adult vitamin D deficiency leaves the brain more vulnerable to secondary adverse exposures, and thus may exacerbate disease progression. Finally, we explore the evidence implicating a role for vitamin D in rapid, non-genomic mechanisms that may involve L-type calcium channels and brain function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia.
| | - Helen Gooch
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Natalie J Groves
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas H Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld 4076, Australia
| | - Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld 4076, Australia
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld 4076, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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Groves NJ, McGrath JJ, Burne THJ. Vitamin D as a neurosteroid affecting the developing and adult brain. Annu Rev Nutr 2015; 34:117-41. [PMID: 25033060 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071813-105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent throughout the world, and growing evidence supports a requirement for optimal vitamin D levels for the healthy developing and adult brain. Vitamin D has important roles in proliferation and differentiation, calcium signaling within the brain, and neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions; it may also alter neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Recent experimental studies highlight the impact that vitamin D deficiency has on brain function in health and disease. In addition, results from recent animal studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency during adulthood may exacerbate underlying brain disorders and/or worsen recovery from brain stressors. An increasing number of epidemiological studies indicate that vitamin D deficiency is associated with a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Vitamin D supplementation is readily available and affordable, and this review highlights the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Groves
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;
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