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Khan S, Mosvi SN, Vohra S, Poddar NK. Implication of calcium supplementations in health and diseases with special focus on colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024; 61:496-509. [PMID: 38456354 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2322565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Calcium is a fundamental and integrative element and helps to ensure optimal health by regulating various physiological and pathological processes. While there is substantiated evidence confirming the beneficial effects of calcium in the treatment, management, and prevention of various health conditions, including cancer, conflicting studies are imperative to acknowledge the potential negative role of calcium supplementation. The studies on calcium supplementation showed that a specific dose can help in the maintenance of good human health, and in the control of different types of diseases, including cancer. Calcium alone and when combined with vitamin D, emerges as a promising therapeutic option for efficiently managing cancer growth, when used with chemotherapy. Combination therapy is considered a more effective approach for treating advanced types of colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, several challenges drastically influence the treatment of cancer, such as individual discrepancy, drug resistance, and stage of cancer, among others. Henceforth, novel preventive, reliable therapeutic modalities are essential to control and reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a pivotal role in calcium homeostasis, metabolism, and regulation of oncogenesis. Numerous studies have underscored the potential of CaSR, a G protein-coupled receptor, as a potential biomarker and target for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. The multifaceted involvement of CaSR in anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic processes paves the way for its utilization in the diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer. The current review highlights the important role of supplemental calcium in overall health and disease, along with the exploration of intricate mechanisms of CaSR pathways in the management and prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Indian Institute of Health and Technology (IIHT), Deoband, Saharanpur, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Needa Mosvi
- Department of Biosciences, Shri Ram Group of College (SRGC), Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Saeed Vohra
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Wang G, Du Y, Cui X, Xu T, Li H, Dong M, Li W, Li Y, Cai W, Xu J, Li S, Yang X, Wu Y, Chen H, Li X. Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into parathyroid cells and establishment of parathyroid organoids. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13634. [PMID: 38494923 PMCID: PMC11294423 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into human embryonic stem cells-derived parathyroid-like cells (hESC-PT) has clinical significance in providing new therapies for congenital and acquired parathyroid insufficiency conditions. However, a highly reproducible, well-documented method for parathyroid differentiation remains unavailable. By imitating the natural process of parathyroid embryonic development, we proposed a new hypothesis about the in vitro differentiation of parathyroid-like cells. Transcriptome, differentiation marker protein detection and parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion assays were performed after the completion of differentiation. To optimize the differentiation protocol and further improve the differentiation rate, we designed glial cells missing transcription factor 2 (GCM2) overexpression lentivirus transfection assays and constructed hESCs-derived parathyroid organoids. The new protocol enabled hESCs to differentiate into hESC-PT. HESC-PT cells expressed PTH, GCM2 and CaSR proteins, low extracellular calcium culture could stimulate hESC-PT cells to secrete PTH. hESC-PT cells overexpressing GCM2 protein secreted PTH earlier than their counterpart hESC-PT cells. Compared with the two-dimensional cell culture environment, hESCs-derived parathyroid organoids secreted more PTH. Both GCM2 lentiviral transfection and three-dimensional cultures could make hESC-PT cells functionally close to human parathyroid cells. Our study demonstrated that hESCs could differentiate into hESC-PT in vitro, which paves the road for applying the technology to treat hypoparathyroidism and introduces new approaches in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yaying Du
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hanning Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Menglu Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Yajie Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wenjun Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shuyu Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yonglin Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xingrui Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Bartkiewicz P, Kunachowicz D, Filipski M, Stebel A, Ligoda J, Rembiałkowska N. Hypercalcemia in Cancer: Causes, Effects, and Treatment Strategies. Cells 2024; 13:1051. [PMID: 38920679 PMCID: PMC11202131 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium plays central roles in numerous biological processes, thereby, its levels in the blood are under strict control to maintain homeostatic balance and enable the proper functioning of living organisms. The regulatory mechanisms ensuring this balance can be affected by pathologies such as cancer, and as a result, hyper- or hypocalcemia can occur. These states, characterized by elevated or decreased calcium blood levels, respectively, have a significant effect on general homeostasis. This article focuses on a particular form of calcium metabolism disorder, which is hypercalcemia in neoplasms. It also constitutes a summary of the current knowledge regarding the diagnosis of hypercalcemia and its management. Hypercalcemia of malignancy is estimated to affect over 40% of cancer patients and can be associated with both solid and blood cancers. Elevated calcium levels can be an indicator of developing cancer. The main mechanism of hypercalcemia development in tumors appears to be excessive production of parathyroid hormone-related peptides. Among the known treatment methods, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, steroids, and denosumab should be mentioned, but ongoing research promotes progress in pharmacotherapy. Given the rising global cancer prevalence, the problem of hypercalcemia is of high importance and requires attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Bartkiewicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.B.); (M.F.); (A.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Dominika Kunachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Filipski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.B.); (M.F.); (A.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Agata Stebel
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.B.); (M.F.); (A.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Julia Ligoda
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.B.); (M.F.); (A.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Nina Rembiałkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Zhang J, Li Q, Liao P, Xiao R, Zhu L, Hu Q. Calcium sensing receptor: A promising therapeutic target in pulmonary hypertension. Life Sci 2024; 340:122472. [PMID: 38290572 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. The increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance due to sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling can lead to right heart failure and eventual death. A rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and enhanced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation contribute to pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Recent studies demonstrated that extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) as a G-protein coupled receptor participates in [Ca2+]i increase induced by hypoxia in the experimental animals of PH and in PH patients. Pharmacological blockade or gene knockout of CaSR significantly attenuates the development of PH. This review will aim to discuss and update the pathogenicity of CaSR attributed to onset and progression in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinli Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District Wuhan City and Union Dongxihu Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Liao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Pereira RS, Kumar R, Cais A, Paulini L, Kahler A, Bravo J, Minciacchi VR, Krack T, Kowarz E, Zanetti C, Godavarthy PS, Hoeller F, Llavona P, Stark T, Tascher G, Nowak D, Meduri E, Huntly BJP, Münch C, Pampaloni F, Marschalek R, Krause DS. Distinct and targetable role of calcium-sensing receptor in leukaemia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6242. [PMID: 37802982 PMCID: PMC10558580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) reside in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM), where they respond to extracellular calcium [eCa2+] via the G-protein coupled calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). Here we show that a calcium gradient exists in this BMM, and that [eCa2+] and response to [eCa2+] differ between leukaemias. CaSR influences the location of MLL-AF9+ acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells within this niche and differentially impacts MLL-AF9+ AML versus BCR-ABL1+ leukaemias. Deficiency of CaSR reduces AML leukaemic stem cells (LSC) 6.5-fold. CaSR interacts with filamin A, a crosslinker of actin filaments, affects stemness-associated factors and modulates pERK, β-catenin and c-MYC signaling and intracellular levels of [Ca2+] in MLL-AF9+ AML cells. Combination treatment of cytarabine plus CaSR-inhibition in various models may be superior to cytarabine alone. Our studies suggest CaSR to be a differential and targetable factor in leukaemia progression influencing self-renewal of AML LSC via [eCa2+] cues from the BMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S Pereira
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alessia Cais
- Pediatric Neurooncology, Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lara Paulini
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alisa Kahler
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jimena Bravo
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valentina R Minciacchi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Theresa Krack
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eric Kowarz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Costanza Zanetti
- University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Hoeller
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pablo Llavona
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Tabea Stark
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eshwar Meduri
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS, CEF-MC), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela S Krause
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt, Germany.
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6
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Nguyen TG, Truong DTT, Le PH, Kim Vo TC, Ikeda S, Tran Le N. Calcium Intake Contributed by Whole Foods and Gastric Cancer in Viet Nam: A Case‑Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1243-1253. [PMID: 36927374 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2187721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies revealed the potential tumor-suppressive effects of calcium. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary calcium intake contributed by whole foods and gastric cancer. METHODS 466 gastric cancer cases and 1531 controls were extracted from the completed case-control studies in hospitals in Hanoi from 2017 to 2019. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain data via face-to-face interviews with the trained interviewer. Calcium intake was calculated based on the food frequency intake per year. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS The study participants consumed less than 50% of 700 mg/day compared to the recommended calcium intake. With increasing calcium intake, we found a reduction in gastric cancer in both genders, men and women (adjusted OR and 95%CI, 5th vs. 1st quintile: 0.50 (0.36, 0.70), p_trend 0.000; 0.62 (0.42, 0.92), p_trend 0.019; and 0.30 (0.16, 0.57), p_trend 0.000, respectively). The inverse association remained in the subgroups of never-smokers and those with positive H. pylori infection. CONCLUSION We observed substantial benefits of calcium intake from whole foods against gastric cancer in the Vietnamese population with a low nutritious status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Gia Nguyen
- School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita City, Japan
| | - Dung Thuy Thi Truong
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita City, Japan
| | - Phuoc Hong Le
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tuyen Cat Kim Vo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Shunya Ikeda
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita City, Japan
| | - Ngoan Tran Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam.,Department of Occupational Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi city, Viet Nam
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Karabiyik Acar Ö, Nozhatzadeh GD, Tuncer A, Torun Köse G, Hacihasanoğlu E, Sahin F, Aysan E. Production of parathyroid-like cells from thyroid stem cells in co-culture environment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32009. [PMID: 36482540 PMCID: PMC9726294 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parathyroid-like cells were aimed to be developed using cells isolated from thyroid since their embryological origins are the same. METHOD Activin A and sonic hedgehog (Shh) are the proteins used in differentiation (dif) medium. Parathyroid and thyroid cells were cultured in a 3-dimensional environment and divided into five groups: thyroid standard (st) medium, thyroid dif medium, parathyroid st medium, thyroid-parathyroid co-culture st medium, and thyroid-parathyroid co-culture dif medium. Throughout 28 days of incubation, groups were investigated by carrying out the live dead assay, confocal microscopy, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and biochemical assays. RESULTS Thyroid-parathyroid co-culture cells grown in dif medium exhibited upregulated expressions of parathormone (PTH) (5.1-fold), PTH1R (3.6-fold), calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) (8.8-fold), and loss of thyroid-specific thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) expression when compared to the thyroid st medium group. PTH secretion decreased by 35% in the parathyroid st medium group and 99.9% in the thyroid-parathyroid co-culture st medium group but decreased only 3.5% in the thyroid-parathyroid co-culture dif medium group on day 28. CONCLUSION Using Activin A and Shh proteins, thyroid stem/progenitor cells were differentiated to parathyroid-like cells successfully in a co-culture environment. A potentially effective novel method for cell differenatiation is co-culture of cells having the same embryological origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Karabiyik Acar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Delal Nozhatzadeh
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alperen Tuncer
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Torun Köse
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Hacihasanoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Aysan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- * Correspondence: Erhan Aysan, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, ATA-2 Sitesi, Akasya Cad. No:25, Cengelkoy, Uskudar, Istanbul 34900, Turkey (e-mail: )
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8
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Iamartino L, Brandi ML. The calcium-sensing receptor in inflammation: Recent updates. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1059369. [PMID: 36467702 PMCID: PMC9716066 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1059369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) is a member of the class C of G-proteins coupled receptors (GPCRs), it plays a pivotal role in calcium homeostasis by directly controlling calcium excretion in the kidneys and indirectly by regulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) release from the parathyroid glands. The CaSR is found to be ubiquitously expressed in the body, playing a plethora of additional functions spanning from fluid secretion, insulin release, neuronal development, vessel tone to cell proliferation and apoptosis, to name but a few. The present review aims to elucidate and clarify the emerging regulatory effects that the CaSR plays in inflammation in several tissues, where it mostly promotes pro-inflammatory responses, with the exception of the large intestine, where contradictory roles have been recently reported. The CaSR has been found to be expressed even in immune cells, where it stimulates immune response and chemokinesis. On the other hand, CaSR expression seems to be boosted under inflammatory stimulus, in particular, by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Because of this, the CaSR has been addressed as a key factor responsible for hypocalcemia and low levels of PTH that are commonly found in critically ill patients under sepsis or after burn injury. Moreover, the CaSR has been found to be implicated in autoimmune-hypoparathyroidism, recently found also in patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Given the tight bound between the CaSR, calcium and vitamin D metabolism, we also speculate about their roles in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-19 (SARS-COVID-19) infection and their impact on patients' prognosis. We will further explore the therapeutic potential of pharmacological targeting of the CaSR for the treatment and management of aberrant inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iamartino
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- F.I.R.M.O. (Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases), Florence, Italy
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Elevation of spermine remodels immunosuppressive microenvironment through driving the modification of PD-L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:175. [DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Spermine is frequently elevated in tumor tissues and body fluids of cancer patients and is critical for cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. However, the immune functions of spermine in hepatocellular carcinoma progression remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate immunosuppressive role of spermine in hepatocellular carcinoma and to explore the underlying mechanism.
Methods
Whole-blood spermine concentration was measured using HPLC. Human primary HCC tissues were collected to examine the expression of CaSR, p-Akt, β-catenin, STT3A, PD-L1, and CD8. Mouse model of tumorigenesis and lung metastasis were established to evaluate the effects of spermine on hepatocellular carcinoma. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, real time PCR, digital Ca2+ imaging, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which spermine regulates PD-L1 expression and glycosylation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Results
Blood spermine concentration in the HCC patient group was significantly higher than that in the normal population group. Spermine could facilitate tumor progression through inducing PD-L1 expression and decreasing the CD8+ T cell infiltration in HCC. Mechanistically, spermine activates calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) to trigger Ca2+ entry and thereby promote Akt-dependent β-catenin stabilization and nuclear translocation. Nuclear β-catenin induced by spermine then activates transcriptional expression of PD-L1 and N-glycosyltransferase STT3A, while STT3A in turn increases the stability of PD-L1 through inducing PD-L1 protein N-glycosylation in HCC cells.
Conclusions
This study reveals the crucial function of spermine in establishing immune privilege by increasing the expression and N-glycosylation of PD-L1, providing a potential strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Groysman AY, Poloju A, Majety P, Vyas M, Rosen HN. Bisphosphonate-resistant hypercalcemia in a rare case of paraneoplastic PTH secretion. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecr.2022.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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11
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Kilci F, Demirsoy U, Jones JH, Çakır Ö, Çizmecioğlu-Jones FM. Ectopic parathyroid hormone as a rare aetiology of hypercalcemia with rhabdomyosarcoma: a new treatment strategy with zoledronic acid and Denosumab. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:1107-1112. [PMID: 35534911 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ectopic parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion is rare in children with rhabdomyosarcoma, and only a few pediatric cases have been reported to date. Reports of the use of zoledronic acid (ZA) and Denosumab are limited for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) in the pediatric population. The aim of presenting this pediatric case of rhabdomyosarcoma accompanied by HCM, secondary to ectopic PTH secretion, was to highlight the benefits of ZA as a first-choice bisphosphonate in this situation with Denosumab as an alternative therapy. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was diagnosed at 13 years with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Multiple bone metastases first appeared at 15 years, but he remained normocalcemic until 17 years old when serum calcium was 15.1 mg/dL and PTH 249 pg/mL. While serum calcium responded well after ZA and Denosumab cycles, PTH remained elevated, reaching a peak value of 1851 pg/mL during treatment cycles. CONCLUSIONS We report a patient with rhabdomyosarcoma accompanied by HCM, secondary to ectopic PTH, in whom the HCM was successfully managed with ZA and Denosumab. We believe that ZA should be the bisphosphonate of choice in pediatric HCM with rhabdomyosarcoma, while Denosumab may be another option in ZA-refractory cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kilci
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Uğur Demirsoy
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Jeremy Huw Jones
- Department of Academic Writing, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Özgür Çakır
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Filiz Mine Çizmecioğlu-Jones
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
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12
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Pardella E, Ippolito L, Giannoni E, Chiarugi P. Nutritional and metabolic signalling through GPCRs. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2364-2381. [PMID: 35776088 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated metabolism is a well-known feature of several challenging diseases, including diabetes, obesity and cancer. Besides their important role as intracellular bioenergetic molecules, dietary nutrients and metabolic intermediates are released in the extracellular environment. As such, they may achieve unconventional roles as hormone-like molecules by activating cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that regulate several pathophysiological processes. In this review, we provide an insight into the role of lactate, succinate, fatty acids, amino acids, ketogenesis-derived and β-oxidation-derived intermediates as extracellular signalling molecules. Moreover, the mechanisms by which their cognate metabolite-sensing GPCRs integrate nutritional and metabolic signals with specific intracellular pathways will be described. A better comprehension of these aspects is of fundamental importance to identify GPCRs as novel druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pardella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Ippolito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
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13
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Mayer CA, Roos B, Teske J, Wells N, Martin RJ, Chang W, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS, MacFarlane PM. Calcium-sensing receptor and CPAP-induced neonatal airway hyperreactivity in mice. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1391-1398. [PMID: 33958714 PMCID: PMC8571113 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm infants is initially beneficial, but animal models suggest longer term detrimental airway effects towards asthma. We used a neonatal CPAP mouse model and human fetal airway smooth muscle (ASM) to investigate the role of extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in these effects. METHODS Newborn wild type and smooth muscle-specific CaSR-/- mice were given CPAP for 7 days via a custom device (mimicking CPAP in premature infants), and recovered in normoxia for another 14 days (representing infants at 3-4 years). Airway reactivity was tested using lung slices, and airway CaSR quantified. Role of CaSR was tested using NPS2143 (inhibitor) or siRNA in WT mice. Fetal ASM cells stretched cyclically with/without static stretch mimicking breathing and CPAP were analyzed for intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) responses, role of CaSR, and signaling cascades. RESULTS CPAP increased airway reactivity in WT but not CaSR-/- mice, increasing ASM CaSR. NPS2143 or CaSR siRNA reversed CPAP effects in WT mice. CPAP increased fetal ASM [Ca2+]I, blocked by NPS2143, and increased ERK1/2 and RhoA suggesting two mechanisms by which stretch increases CaSR. CONCLUSIONS These data implicate CaSR in CPAP effects on airway function with implications for wheezing in former preterm infants. IMPACT Neonatal CPAP increases airway reactivity to bronchoconstrictor agonist. CPAP increases smooth muscle expression of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). Inhibition or absence of CaSR blunts CPAP effects on contractility. These data suggest a causal/contributory role for CaSR in stretch effects on the developing airway. These data may impact clinical recognition of the ways that CPAP may contribute to wheezing disorders of former preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Mayer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Benjamin Roos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jacob Teske
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Natalya Wells
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - YS Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Peter M MacFarlane
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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14
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Gonçalves-Alves E, Garcia M, Rodríguez-Hernández CJ, Gómez-González S, Ecker RC, Suñol M, Muñoz-Aznar O, Carcaboso AM, Mora J, Lavarino C, Mateo-Lozano S. AC-265347 Inhibits Neuroblastoma Tumor Growth by Induction of Differentiation without Causing Hypocalcemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084323. [PMID: 35457141 PMCID: PMC9027928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, with heterogeneous clinical manifestations ranging from spontaneous regression to aggressive metastatic disease. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that senses plasmatic fluctuation in the extracellular concentration of calcium and plays a key role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. We have previously reported that this receptor exhibits tumor suppressor properties in neuroblastoma. The activation of CaSR with cinacalcet, a positive allosteric modulator of CaSR, reduces neuroblastoma tumor growth by promoting differentiation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. However, cinacalcet treatment results in unmanageable hypocalcemia in patients. Based on the bias signaling shown by calcimimetics, we aimed to identify a new drug that might exert tumor-growth inhibition similar to cinacalcet, without affecting plasma calcium levels. We identified a structurally different calcimimetic, AC-265347, as a promising therapeutic agent for neuroblastoma, since it reduced tumor growth by induction of differentiation, without affecting plasma calcium levels. Microarray analysis suggested biased allosteric modulation of the CaSR signaling by AC-265347 and cinacalcet towards distinct intracellular pathways. No upregulation of genes involved in calcium signaling and ER stress were observed in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models exposed to AC-265347. Moreover, the most significant upregulated biological pathways promoted by AC-265347 were linked to RHO GTPases signaling. AC-265347 upregulated cancer testis antigens (CTAs), providing new opportunities for CTA-based immunotherapies. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of the biased allosteric modulation when targeting GPCRs in cancer. More importantly, the capacity of AC-265347 to promote differentiation of malignant neuroblastoma cells provides new opportunities, alone or in combination with other drugs, to treat high-risk neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Gonçalves-Alves
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (E.G.-A.); (M.G.); (C.J.R.-H.); (S.G.-G.); (O.M.-A.); (A.M.C.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Marta Garcia
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (E.G.-A.); (M.G.); (C.J.R.-H.); (S.G.-G.); (O.M.-A.); (A.M.C.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carlos J. Rodríguez-Hernández
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (E.G.-A.); (M.G.); (C.J.R.-H.); (S.G.-G.); (O.M.-A.); (A.M.C.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Soledad Gómez-González
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (E.G.-A.); (M.G.); (C.J.R.-H.); (S.G.-G.); (O.M.-A.); (A.M.C.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Mariona Suñol
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Oscar Muñoz-Aznar
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (E.G.-A.); (M.G.); (C.J.R.-H.); (S.G.-G.); (O.M.-A.); (A.M.C.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Angel M. Carcaboso
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (E.G.-A.); (M.G.); (C.J.R.-H.); (S.G.-G.); (O.M.-A.); (A.M.C.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (E.G.-A.); (M.G.); (C.J.R.-H.); (S.G.-G.); (O.M.-A.); (A.M.C.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (E.G.-A.); (M.G.); (C.J.R.-H.); (S.G.-G.); (O.M.-A.); (A.M.C.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Silvia Mateo-Lozano
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (E.G.-A.); (M.G.); (C.J.R.-H.); (S.G.-G.); (O.M.-A.); (A.M.C.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Correspondence:
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15
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Borciani G, Ciapetti G, Vitale-Brovarone C, Baldini N. Strontium Functionalization of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering Purposes: A Biological Point of View. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051724. [PMID: 35268956 PMCID: PMC8911212 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Strontium (Sr) is a trace element taken with nutrition and found in bone in close connection to native hydroxyapatite. Sr is involved in a dual mechanism of coupling the stimulation of bone formation with the inhibition of bone resorption, as reported in the literature. Interest in studying Sr has increased in the last decades due to the development of strontium ranelate (SrRan), an orally active agent acting as an anti-osteoporosis drug. However, the use of SrRan was subjected to some limitations starting from 2014 due to its negative side effects on the cardiac safety of patients. In this scenario, an interesting perspective for the administration of Sr is the introduction of Sr ions in biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. This strategy has attracted attention thanks to its positive effects on bone formation, alongside the reduction of osteoclast activity, proven by in vitro and in vivo studies. The purpose of this review is to go through the classes of biomaterials most commonly used in BTE and functionalized with Sr, i.e., calcium phosphate ceramics, bioactive glasses, metal-based materials, and polymers. The works discussed in this review were selected as representative for each type of the above-mentioned categories, and the biological evaluation in vitro and/or in vivo was the main criterion for selection. The encouraging results collected from the in vitro and in vivo biological evaluations are outlined to highlight the potential applications of materials’ functionalization with Sr as an osteopromoting dopant in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Borciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6366748
| | - Gabriela Ciapetti
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratory for Nanobiotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale-Brovarone
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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16
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Agarwal S, Kardam S, Chatterjee P, Kumar C, Boruah M, Sharma MC, Tabin M, Ramakrishnan L. CaSR expression in normal parathyroid and PHPT: new insights into pathogenesis from an autopsy-based study. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:337-346. [PMID: 34302683 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), on the surface of normal parathyroid cells, is essential for maintaining serum calcium levels. The normal pattern of CaSR immunostaining remains undefined and is presumptively circumferential. Given the physiological variation in serum calcium, we postulated that CaSR expression could not be uniformly circumferential. Also, cytoplasmic expression has not been evaluated either in normal or pathological tissues. We studied normal parathyroid tissues derived from forensic autopsies and those rimming parathyroid adenomas for membranous and cytoplasmic CaSR immunoexpression. Results were compared with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) to look for any pathogenetic implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 34 normal parathyroid tissues from 11 autopsies, 30 normal rims, 45 parathyroid adenoma, 10 hyperplasia, and 7 carcinoma cases. Membranous expression was categorized complete/incomplete and weak/moderate/strong; scored using Her2/Neu and Histo-scores; predominant pattern noted. Cytoplasmic expression was categorized negative/weak/moderate/strong; predominant intensity noted. RESULTS Normal autopsy-derived parathyroid tissues were Her2/Neu 3 + , but incomplete membranous staining predominated in 85%. Their immune-scores were significantly more than the cases (p < < 0.05). The mean histo-score of normal rims was intermediate between the two (p < < 0.05). Cytoplasmic expression was strong in all autopsy-derived tissues, weak/negative in hyperplasia (100%), moderate in 16% adenomas, and 43% carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS Normal autopsy-derived parathyroid tissues showed strong but predominantly incomplete membranous expression. Surface CaSR expression decreased in PHPT and is probably an early event in parathyroid adenoma, seen even in normal rims. Whether there is a defect in CaSR trafficking from the cytoplasm to the cell surface in adenoma and carcinoma needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - S Kardam
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - P Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - C Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - M Boruah
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - M C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - M Tabin
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - L Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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17
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Persico M, Abbruzzese C, Matteoni S, Matarrese P, Campana AM, Villani V, Pace A, Paggi MG. Tackling the Behavior of Cancer Cells: Molecular Bases for Repurposing Antipsychotic Drugs in the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:263. [PMID: 35053377 PMCID: PMC8773942 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with a very dismal prognosis, and current therapeutic options still retain an overall unsatisfactorily efficacy in clinical practice. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches and effective medications are highly needed. Since the development of new drugs is an extremely long, complex and expensive process, researchers and clinicians are increasingly considering drug repositioning/repurposing as a valid alternative to the standard research process. Drug repurposing is also under active investigation in GBM therapy, since a wide range of noncancer and cancer therapeutics have been proposed or investigated in clinical trials. Among these, a remarkable role is played by the antipsychotic drugs, thanks to some still partially unexplored, interesting features of these agents. Indeed, antipsychotic drugs have been described to interfere at variable incisiveness with most hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we analyze the effects of antipsychotics in oncology and how these drugs can interfere with the hallmarks of cancer in GBM. Overall, according to available evidence, mostly at the preclinical level, it is possible to speculate that repurposing of antipsychotics in GBM therapy might contribute to providing potentially effective and inexpensive therapies for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Persico
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Claudia Abbruzzese
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Matteoni
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Campana
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Veronica Villani
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Pace
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Marco G. Paggi
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
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18
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Romagnoli C, Sharma P, Zonefrati R, Palmini G, Lucattelli E, Ward DT, Ellinger I, Innocenti M, Brandi ML. Study of the Expression and Function of Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Human Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147282. [PMID: 34298895 PMCID: PMC8304165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has an outstanding capacity for regeneration in response to injuries, but there are disorders in which this process is seriously impaired, such as sarcopenia. Pharmacological treatments to restore muscle trophism are not available, therefore, the identification of suitable therapeutic targets that could be useful for the treatment of skeletal reduced myogenesis is highly desirable. In this in vitro study, we explored the expression and function of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in human skeletal muscle tissues and their derived satellite cells. The results obtained from analyses with various techniques of gene and protein CaSR expression and of its secondary messengers in response to calcium (Ca2+) and CaSR drugs have demonstrated that this receptor is not present in human skeletal muscle tissues, neither in the established satellite cells, nor during in vitro myogenic differentiation. Taken together, our data suggest that, although CaSR is a very important drug target in physiology and pathology, this receptor probably does not have any physiological role in skeletal muscle in normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (P.S.); (R.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (P.S.); (R.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Roberto Zonefrati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (P.S.); (R.Z.); (G.P.)
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulla Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Palmini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (P.S.); (R.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Elena Lucattelli
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (M.I.)
| | - Donald T. Ward
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Marco Innocenti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (M.I.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (P.S.); (R.Z.); (G.P.)
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulla Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), 50141 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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19
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Roesler AM, Ravix J, Bartman CM, Patel BS, Schiliro M, Roos B, Nesbitt L, Pabelick CM, Martin RJ, MacFarlane PM, Prakash YS. Calcium-Sensing Receptor Contributes to Hyperoxia Effects on Human Fetal Airway Smooth Muscle. Front Physiol 2021; 12:585895. [PMID: 33790802 PMCID: PMC8006428 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.585895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental O2 (hyperoxia), necessary for maintenance of oxygenation in premature infants, contributes to neonatal and pediatric airway diseases including asthma. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is a key resident cell type, responding to hyperoxia with increased contractility and remodeling [proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) production], making the mechanisms underlying hyperoxia effects on ASM significant. Recognizing that fetal lungs experience a higher extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o) environment, we previously reported that the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed and functional in human fetal ASM (fASM). In this study, using fASM cells from 18 to 22 week human fetal lungs, we tested the hypothesis that CaSR contributes to hyperoxia effects on developing ASM. Moderate hyperoxia (50% O2) increased fASM CaSR expression. Fluorescence [Ca2+]i imaging showed hyperoxia increased [Ca2+]i responses to histamine that was more sensitive to altered [Ca2+]o, and promoted IP3 induced intracellular Ca2+ release and store-operated Ca2+ entry: effects blunted by the calcilytic NPS2143. Hyperoxia did not significantly increase mitochondrial calcium which was regulated by CaSR irrespective of oxygen levels. Separately, fASM cell proliferation and ECM deposition (collagens but not fibronectin) showed sensitivity to [Ca2+]o that was enhanced by hyperoxia, but blunted by NPS2143. Effects of hyperoxia involved p42/44 ERK via CaSR and HIF1α. These results demonstrate functional CaSR in developing ASM that contributes to hyperoxia-induced contractility and remodeling that may be relevant to perinatal airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Roesler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jovanka Ravix
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Colleen M Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Brijeshkumar S Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Marta Schiliro
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Benjamin Roos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lisa Nesbitt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Peter M MacFarlane
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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A Multi-Mineral Intervention to Modulate Colonic Mucosal Protein Profile: Results from a 90-Day Trial in Human Subjects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030939. [PMID: 33799486 PMCID: PMC8002192 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall goal of this study was to determine whether Aquamin®, a calcium-, magnesium-, trace element-rich, red algae-derived natural product, would alter the expression of proteins involved in growth-regulation and differentiation in colon. Thirty healthy human subjects (at risk for colorectal cancer) were enrolled in a three-arm, 90-day interventional trial. Aquamin® was compared to calcium alone and placebo. Before and after the interventional period, colonic biopsies were obtained. Biopsies were evaluated by immunohistology for expression of Ki67 (proliferation marker) and for CK20 and p21 (differentiation markers). Tandem mass tag-mass spectrometry-based detection was used to assess levels of multiple proteins. As compared to placebo or calcium, Aquamin® reduced the level of Ki67 expression and slightly increased CK20 expression. Increased p21 expression was observed with both calcium and Aquamin®. In proteomic screen, Aquamin® treatment resulted in many more proteins being upregulated (including pro-apoptotic, cytokeratins, cell–cell adhesion molecules, and components of the basement membrane) or downregulated (proliferation and nucleic acid metabolism) than placebo. Calcium alone also altered the expression of many of the same proteins but not to the same extent as Aquamin®. We conclude that daily Aquamin® ingestion alters protein expression profile in the colon that could be beneficial to colonic health.
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21
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Tuffour A, Kosiba AA, Zhang Y, Peprah FA, Gu J, Shi H. Role of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in cancer metastasis to bone: Identifying a potential therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188528. [PMID: 33640382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to its ability to evade immune surveillance and metastasize from its origin to a secondary point of contact. Though several treatment techniques have been developed to suppress or manage cancer spread, a strategy for total control over the disease continues to evade researchers. In considering ways to control or prevent cancer from metastasizing to the bone, we analyze the impact of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), whose primary role is to maintain calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in cellular and systemic physiological processes. CaSR is a pleiotropic receptor capable of enhancing the proliferation of some cancers such as breast, lung, prostate and kidney cancers at its primary site(s) and stimulating bone metastasis, while exerting a suppressive effect in others such as colon cancer. The activity of CaSR not only increases cancer cell proliferation, migration and suppression of apoptosis in the organs indicated, but also increases the secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and epiregulin, which induce osteolytic activity and osteoblastic suppression. In addition, released cytokines and Ca2+ from bone resorption are critical factors that further promote cancer proliferation. In this review, we seek to highlight previous viewpoints on CaSR, discuss its role in a new context, and consider its potential clinical application in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Tuffour
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | | | - Yao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Frank Addai Peprah
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jie Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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22
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Zhou MY, Cheng L, Chen L, Gu YJ, Wang Y. Calcium-sensing receptor in the development and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:975-981. [PMID: 33394231 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is widely involved in the cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion and apoptosis, which can affect the vascular remodeling in the humanbody. The main ligand of CaSR is extracellular Ca2+. CaSR has the physiological significance in Ca2+ homeostasis. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is one of the main histopathological changes of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The abnormal proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) results in the pulmonary vascular remodeling. CaSR is an important regulator of [Ca2+]i. [Ca2+]i is the main cause of the excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling in patients with PH. In this review, it was conclued that the structure of CaSR was prone to explore the devolopment or the treatment of PH. It was found that the regulation of CaSR with some miRNA could inhibit the proliferation of PASMCs, and that CaSR could affect the occurrence of autophagy in PH. Therefore, CaSR would become a new therapeutic target to PH.
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MESH Headings
- Adamantane/analogs & derivatives
- Adamantane/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Autophagy/genetics
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Quinoxalines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Vascular Remodeling/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jian Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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A Novel Bioactive Endodontic Sealer Containing Surface-Reaction-Type Prereacted Glass-Ionomer Filler Induces Osteoblast Differentiation. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204477. [PMID: 33050334 PMCID: PMC7599720 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Surface‑reaction‑type prereacted glass-ionomer (S‑PRG) fillers exhibit bioactive properties by the release of multiple ions. This study examined whether a novel endodontic sealer containing S‑PRG fillers (PRG+) has the capacity to induce osteoblast differentiation. Kusa‑A1 osteoblastic cells were cultured with extracts of PRG+, PRG- (an experimental sealer containing S‑PRG‑free silica fillers), AH Plus (an epoxy-resin‑based sealer), and Canals N (a zinc-oxide noneugenol sealer). Cell viability and mineralized nodule formation were determined using WST‑8 assay and Alizarin red staining, respectively. Osteoblastic-marker expression was analyzed with RT‑qPCR and immunofluorescence. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) was determined with Western blotting. Extracts of freshly mixed PRG+, PRG-, and AH Plus significantly decreased cell growth, but extracts of the set samples were not significantly cytotoxic. Set PRG+ significantly upregulated mRNAs for alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein (IBSP) compared to set PRG-, and upregulation was blocked by NPS2143, a calcium‑sensing receptor antagonist. Set PRG+ significantly accelerated IBSP expression, mineralized nodule formation, and enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 compared with set PRG-. In conclusion, PRG+ induced the differentiation and mineralization of Kusa‑A1 cells via the calcium-sensing receptor-induced activation of ERK and p38 MAPK.
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Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) in breast and prostate cancers: Preliminary results exploring the potential role of calcium receptors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224414. [PMID: 32931488 PMCID: PMC7491733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Procedures To preliminary assess the relationship between Manganese Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MEMRI) and the expression of calcium receptors in human prostate and breast cancer animal models. Methods NOD/SCID mice were inoculated with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and prostate PC3 cancer cells to develop orthotopic or pseudometastatic cancer animal models. Mice were studied on a clinical 3T scanner by using a prototype birdcage coil before and after intravenous injection of MnCl2. Assessment of receptor’s status was carried out after the MR images acquisition by immunohistochemistry on excised tumours. Results Manganese contrast enhancement in breast or prostate cancer animal models well correlated with CaSR expression (p<0.01), whereas TRPV6 expression levels appeared not relevant to the Mn uptake. Conclusion Our preliminary results suggest that MEMRI appears an efficient tool to characterize human breast and prostate cancer animal models in the presence of different expression level of calcium receptors.
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Singh P, Bhadada SK, Dahiya D, Arya AK, Saikia UN, Sachdeva N, Kaur J, Brandi ML, Rao SD. Reduced Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) Expression Is Epigenetically Deregulated in Parathyroid Adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5866028. [PMID: 32609827 PMCID: PMC7500582 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Reduced calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) expression has been implicated in parathyroid tumorigenesis, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Accordingly, we aimed to explore the epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications) involved in CaSR regulation in sporadic parathyroid adenomas and correlate epigenetic state with disease indices. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Forty sporadic parathyroid adenomas and 10 control parathyroid tissues were studied. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for mRNA and immunohistochemistry for protein expression of CaSR were performed. The methylation status of the CaSR promoter 2 was determined by bisulphite sequencing analysis of sodium bisulphite-converted DNA. To determine the role of histone modifications in the CaSR regulation, chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR assay was performed. RESULTS Real-time qPCR revealed reduced CaSR mRNA expression with a fold reduction of 0.12 (P < 0.0001) in parathyroid adenomas. Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced protein expression of CaSR in 90% (36/40) of adenomas. The promoter 2 region of CaSR displayed significant hypermethylation in 45% (18/40) of the adenomas compared with the controls (6.7%; 1 of 10) (P < 0.002). Bisulphite sequencing analysis revealed maximum methylated CpG at glial cell missing 2 binding site on the CaSR promoter 2 compared to other CpG sites. The methylation status of CaSR correlated directly with plasma intact parathyroid hormone levels in patients with parathyroid adenoma. With chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR analysis, H3K9me3 levels showed increased enrichment by 10-fold in adenomas and correlated with CaSR-mRNA expression (r = 0.61; P < 0.003). Treatment with 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine restored the expression of CaSR in a parathyroid cell line. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that hypermethylation and increased H3K9me3 of the CaSR promoter 2 are involved in silencing CaSR expression in sporadic parathyroid adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India. E-mail:
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Arya
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
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Zhang X, Lao K, Qiu Z, Rahman MS, Zhang Y, Gou X. Potential Astrocytic Receptors and Transporters in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:1109-1122. [PMID: 30741675 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by the progressive loss of memory and cognition in the aging population. However, the etiology of and therapies for AD remain far from understood. Astrocytes, the most abundant neuroglia in the brain, have recently aroused substantial concern due to their involvement in synaptotoxicity, amyloidosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the candidate molecules of astrocytes, especially receptors and transporters, that may be involved in AD pathogenesis. These molecules include excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR), the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), S100β, and cannabinoid receptors. We describe the characteristics of these molecules and the neurological and pharmacological underpinnings of these molecules in AD. Among these molecules, EAATs, A2AR, and mGluR5 are strongly related to glutamate-mediated synaptotoxicity and are involved in glutamate transmission or the clearance of extrasynaptic glutamate in the AD brain. The α7-nAChR, CaSR, and mGluR5 are receptors of Aβ and can induce a plethora of toxic effects, such as the production of excess Aβ, synaptotoxicity, and NO production triggered by changes in intracellular calcium signaling. Antagonists or positive allosteric modulators of these receptors can repair cognitive ability and modify neurobiological changes. Moreover, blocking S100β or activating cannabinoid receptors reduces neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and reactive astrogliosis. Thus, targeting these molecules might provide alternative approaches for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Kejing Lao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zhongying Qiu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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27
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Patel BS, Ravix J, Pabelick C, Prakash YS. Class C GPCRs in the airway. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 51:19-28. [PMID: 32375079 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and targeting of GPCRs remain a critical aspect of airway pharmacology and therapeutics for diseases such as asthma or COPD. Most attention has been on the large Class A GPCRs towards improved bronchodilation and blunting of remodeling. Better known in the central or peripheral nervous system, there is increasing evidence that Class C GPCRs which include metabotropic glutamate and GABA receptors, the calcium sensing receptor, sweet/umami taste receptors and a number of orphan receptors, can contribute to airway structure and function. In this review, we will summarize current state of knowledge regarding the pharmacology of Class C GPCRs, their expression and potential functions in the airways, and the application of pharmacological agents targeting this group in the context of airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijeshkumar S Patel
- Department of Anesthesiologyand Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jovanka Ravix
- Department of Anesthesiologyand Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christina Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiologyand Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiologyand Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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28
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Bery F, Cancel M, Chantôme A, Guibon R, Bruyère F, Rozet F, Mahéo K, Fromont G. The Calcium-Sensing Receptor is A Marker and Potential Driver of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040860. [PMID: 32252342 PMCID: PMC7226072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate cancer (PCa) remain mostly uncharacterized. Since a deregulated calcium homeostasis has been reported in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), we explored herein the link between NE differentiation and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). CaSR expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry-together with NE markers-on tissue microarrays containing samples of normal prostate, localized PCa, metastatic castration resistant PCa (MCRPC) and NEPC. In prostate tissues, we observed a strong association between CaSR and chromogranin expression. Both markers were strongly expressed in all cases of NEPC and co-expression was confirmed by double immunostaining. In MCRPC, the expression of CaSR was significantly associated with shorter overall survival. The involvement of CaSR in NE differentiation was evaluated in PCa cell lines. Inhibition of CaSR led to decrease the expression of neuronal (NSE, βtubulinIII) and NE (chromogranin, synaptophysin) markers in the NE PCa cell line NCI-H660. A decrease of neuronal and NE markers was also observed in siCaSR-transfected PC3 and 22RV1 cells, respectively, whereas CaSR activation increased both NSE and synaptophysin expression in PC3 cells. These results strongly suggest that CaSR is a marker and a driver of NE differentiation in PCa and emphasize the potential of CaSR directed therapy for NEPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Bery
- Inserm N2C UMR1069 “Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer” Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, F-37032 Tours, France; (F.B.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Mathilde Cancel
- Inserm N2C UMR1069 “Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer” Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, F-37032 Tours, France; (F.B.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Oncology, CHRU Bretonneau, CEDEX 9, F-37044 Tours, France
| | - Aurélie Chantôme
- Inserm N2C UMR1069 “Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer” Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, F-37032 Tours, France; (F.B.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Roseline Guibon
- Inserm N2C UMR1069 “Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer” Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, F-37032 Tours, France; (F.B.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Pathology CHRU Bretonneau, CEDEX 9, F-37044 Tours, France
| | - Franck Bruyère
- Department of Urology, CHRU Bretonneau, CEDEX 9, F-37044 Tours, France;
| | - François Rozet
- Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Department of Urology, F-75014 Paris, France;
| | - Karine Mahéo
- Inserm N2C UMR1069 “Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer” Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, F-37032 Tours, France; (F.B.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Gaëlle Fromont
- Inserm N2C UMR1069 “Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer” Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, F-37032 Tours, France; (F.B.); (M.C.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Pathology CHRU Bretonneau, CEDEX 9, F-37044 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-47-47-82-72
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29
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Liu L, Fan Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Yu J. CaSR Induces Osteoclast Differentiation and Promotes Bone Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:305. [PMID: 32269963 PMCID: PMC7109411 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Explore the mechanism of CaSR's involvement in bone metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in 120 cases of lung adenocarcinoma with bone metastasis. Stably transfected cell lines with CaSR overexpression and knockdown based on A549 cells were constructed. The expression of CaSR was verified by western blot and qPCR. The proliferation and migration abilities of A549 cells were tested using cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP2, MMP9, CaSR, and NF-κB. The supernatant from each cell culture group was collected as a conditional co-culture solution to study the induction of osteoclast precursor cells and osteoblasts. Western blot and qPCR were used to validate the expression of bone matrix degradation-related enzymes cathepsin K and hormone calcitonin receptor (CTR) and osteoblast-induced osteoclast maturation and differentiation enzyme receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and PTHrP. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect F-actin ring formation and osteocalcin expression. Western blot results for NF-κB expression identified a regulatory relationship between NF-κB and CaSR. Results: CaSR expression in lung cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent and normal lung tissues. The expression of CaSR in lung cancer tissues with bone metastasis was higher than that in non-metastatic lung cancer tissues. The proliferation and migration ability of A549 cells increased significantly with overexpressed CaSR. The co-culture solution directly induced osteoclast precursor cells and the expression of bone matrix degradation-related enzymes significantly increased. Osteoblasts were significantly inhibited and osteoblast-induced osteoclast maturation and differentiation enzymes were significantly downregulated. It was found that the expression of NF-κB and PTHrP increased when CaSR was overexpressed. Osteoclast differentiation factor expression was also significantly increased, which directly induces osteoclast differentiation and maturation. These results were reversed when CaSR was knocked down. Conclusions: CaSR can positively regulate NF-κB and PTHrP expression in A549 cells with a high metastatic potential, thereby promoting osteoclast differentiation and maturation, and facilitating the occurrence and development of bone metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichang Fan
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxin Chen
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Das S, Clézardin P, Kamel S, Brazier M, Mentaverri R. The CaSR in Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer: A New Target for Early Stage Bone Metastases. Front Oncol 2020; 10:69. [PMID: 32117726 PMCID: PMC7013091 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class-C G protein-coupled receptor which plays a pivotal role in calciotropic processes, primarily in regulating parathyroid hormone secretion to maintain systemic calcium homeostasis. Among its non-calciotropic roles, where the CaSR sits at the intersection of myriad processes, it has steadily garnered attention as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different organs. In maternal breast tissues the CaSR promotes lactation but in breast cancer it acts as an oncoprotein and has been shown to drive the pathogenesis of skeletal metastases from breast cancer. Even though research has made great strides in treating primary breast cancer, there is an unmet need when it comes to treatment of metastatic breast cancer. This review focuses on how the CaSR leads to the pathogenesis of breast cancer by contrasting its role in healthy tissues and tumorigenesis, and by drawing brief parallels with the tissues where it has been implicated as an oncogene. A class of compounds called calcilytics, which are CaSR antagonists, have also been surveyed in the instances where they have been used to target the receptor in cancerous tissues and constitute a proof of principle for repurposing them. Current clinical therapies for treating bone metastases from breast cancer are limited to targeting osteoclasts and a deeper understanding of the CaSR signaling nexus in this context can bolster them or lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Das
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Said Kamel
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Michel Brazier
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Romuald Mentaverri
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Fang Y, Liu L, Liu S, Hu L, Cai W, Wan X, Liu D, He Y, Zhu Z. Calcium-sensing receptor promotes tumor proliferation and migration in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by targeting ERK signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 872:172915. [PMID: 31926993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is functionally expressed in the biliary epithelial cells and it has been verified to possess various regulatory functions in several different forms of human cancers. But its pathological role in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) development remains obscure. Here, we confirmed that CaSR expression was up-regulated in ICC tumor specimens and cell lines, which was positively correlated with number of tumors, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of ICC patients. CaSR activation induced by CaCl2 or Calindol (a selective CaSR agonist) markedly facilitated cell proliferation and migration in ICC cells, while knockdown of CaSR or NPS2143 treatment (a CaSR antagonist) dramatically suppressed the above effects. We also demonstrated that alteration of CaSR activity mediated tumorigenesis and growth of ICC in vivo. Mechanistically, CaSR activation could promote cell cycle progression and induce an upregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression partly via the simulation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway. And further inhibition of ERK pathway significantly suppressed ICC cell viability and migration capacity. Together, our findings shed novel light on the role of CaSR as an oncogene in ICC progression and indicated that modulation of CaSR might serve as a preventive or therapeutic strategy for ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xiao Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yiren He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
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Kosiba AA, Wang Y, Chen D, Wong CKC, Gu J, Shi H. The roles of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in heavy metals-induced nephrotoxicity. Life Sci 2019; 242:117183. [PMID: 31874167 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The kidney is a vital organ responsible for regulating water, electrolyte and acid-base balance as well as eliminating toxic substances from the blood in the body. Exposure of humans to heavy metals in their natural and occupational environments, foods, water, and drugs has serious implications on the kidney's health. The accumulation of heavy metals in the kidney has been linked to acute or chronic renal injury, kidney stones or even renal cancer, at the expense of expensive treatment options. Therefore, unearthing novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic agents or targets against kidney injury for efficient treatment are imperative. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is typically expressed in the parathyroid glands and renal tubules. It modulates parathyroid hormone secretion according to the serum calcium (Ca2+) concentration. In the kidney, it modulates electrolyte and water excretion by regulating the function of diverse tubular segments. Notably, CaSR lowers passive and active Ca2+ reabsorption in distal tubules, which facilitates phosphate reabsorption in proximal tubules and stimulates proton and water excretion in collecting ducts. Moreover, at the cellular level, modulation of the CaSR regulates cytosolic Ca2+ levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades as well as autophagy and the suppression of apoptosis, an effect predominantly triggered by heavy metals. In this regard, we present a review on the CaSR at the cellular level and its potential as a therapeutic target for the development of new and efficient drugs against heavy metals-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Kosiba
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jie Gu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Renal Ca 2+ and Water Handling in Response to Calcium Sensing Receptor Signaling: Physiopathological Aspects and Role of CaSR-Regulated microRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215341. [PMID: 31717830 PMCID: PMC6862519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal and vital intracellular messenger involved in a diverse range of cellular and biological processes. Changes in the concentration of extracellular Ca2+ can disrupt the normal cellular activities and the physiological function of these systems. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a unique G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by extracellular Ca2+ and by other physiological cations, aminoacids, and polyamines. CaSR is the main controller of the extracellular Ca2+ homeostatic system by regulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and, in turn, Ca2+ absorption and resorption. Recent advances highlight novel signaling pathways activated by CaSR signaling involving the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are naturally-occurring small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and are involved in several diseases. We previously described that high luminal Ca2+ in the renal collecting duct attenuates short-term vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 (AQP2) trafficking through CaSR activation. Moreover, we demonstrated that CaSR signaling reduces AQP2 abundance via AQP2-targeting miRNA-137. This review summarizes the recent data related to CaSR-regulated miRNAs signaling pathways in the kidney.
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Zhang ZL, Li ZR, Li JS, Wang SR. Calcium-sensing receptor antagonist NPS-2143 suppresses proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:548-557. [PMID: 31391530 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NPS-2143 is a calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonist that has been demonstrated to possess anticancer activity. To date, the effects of NPS-2143 on gastric cancer (GC) cell growth, motility, and apoptosis have not been investigated. In the present study, we firstly investigated the expression of CaSR in GC tissues using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Then Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were conducted to explore the effect of the NPS-2143 on the proliferation of GC cell line AGS. Transwell invasion and migration assays were performed to test the effect of NPS-2143 on AGS cell motility. We determined the percentage of apoptotic cells by flow cytometry and explored the changes of apoptosis-related protein by western blotting. Furthermore, we constructed a CaSR knockdown AGS cell line to determine whether NPS-2143 acted via inhibition of CaSR. We found that the protein expression level of CaSR was higher in GC tissues compared with the paired adjacent normal tissues. In addition, NPS-2143 treatment caused an inhibitory effect on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of AGS cells and a promoting effect on AGS apoptosis. The expression of Bcl-2 was decreased while the levels of Bax and active caspase 3 were enhanced in AGS cells after NPS-2143 treatment. Mechanistically, NPS-2143 lead to a significant decrease in the expression of phosphorylated (p)-AKT, phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), p70, and cyclin D1. Knockdown of CaSR also suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and promoted cell apoptosis. No significant difference was observed between CaSR-silenced AGS cells with and without NPS-2143 treatment. These results confirmed that NPS-2143 has an inhibitory influence on AGS cell growth via inhibiting CaSR, which then suppresses the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zheng-Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jun-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Su-Rong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, Shandong, PR China.
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García M, Rodríguez-Hernández CJ, Mateo-Lozano S, Pérez-Jaume S, Gonçalves-Alves E, Lavarino C, Mora J, de Torres C. Parathyroid hormone-like hormone plays a dual role in neuroblastoma depending on PTH1R expression. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1959-1975. [PMID: 31293052 PMCID: PMC6717746 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the expression of parathyroid hormone‐like hormone (PTHLH) in well‐differentiated, Schwannian stroma‐rich neuroblastic tumors. The aim of this study was to functionally assess the role of PTHLH and its receptor, PTH1R, in neuroblastoma. Stable knockdown of PTHLH and PTH1R was conducted in neuroblastoma cell lines to investigate the succeeding phenotype induced both in vitro and in vivo. Downregulation of PTHLH reduced MYCN expression and subsequently induced cell cycle arrest, senescence, and migration and invasion impairment in a MYCN‐amplified, TP53‐mutated neuroblastoma cell line. These phenotypes were associated with reduced tumorigenicity in a murine model. We also show that PTHLH expression is not under the control of the calcium‐sensing receptor in neuroblastoma. Conversely, its production is stimulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Accordingly, irreversible EGFR inhibition with canertinib abolished PTHLH expression. The oncogenic role of PTHLH appeared to be a consequence of its intracrine function, as downregulation of its receptor, PTH1R, increased anchorage‐independent growth and induced a more undifferentiated, invasive phenotype. Respectively, high PTH1R mRNA expression was found in MYCN nonamplified primary tumors and also significantly associated with other prognostic factors of good outcome. This study provides the first evidence of the dual role of PTHLH in the behavior of neuroblastomas. Moreover, the identification of EGFR as a transcriptional regulator of PTHLH in neuroblastoma provides a novel therapeutic opportunity to promote a less aggressive tumor phenotype through irreversible inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Mateo-Lozano
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sara Pérez-Jaume
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Eliana Gonçalves-Alves
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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Anract J, Baures M, Barry Delongchamps N, Capiod T. Microcalcifications, calcium-sensing receptor, and cancer. Cell Calcium 2019; 82:102051. [PMID: 31276858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium stones and calculi are observed in numerous human tissues. They are the result of deposition of calcium salts and are due to high local calcium concentrations. Prostatic calculi are usually classified as endogenous or extrinsic stones. Endogenous stones are commonly caused by obstruction of the prostatic ducts around an enlarged prostate resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia or from chronic inflammation. The latter occurs mainly around the urethra and is generally caused by reflux of urine into the prostate. Calcium concentrations higher than in the plasma at sites of infection may induce the chemotactic response that eventually leads to recruitment of inflammatory cells. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) may be crucial for this recruitment as its expression and activity are increased by cytokines such as IL-6 and high extracellular calcium concentrations, respectively. The links between calcium calculi, inflammation, calcium supplementation, and CaSR functions in prostate cancer patients will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Anract
- INSERM Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France; Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75014, France
| | - Manon Baures
- INSERM Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Nicolas Barry Delongchamps
- INSERM Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France; Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75014, France
| | - Thierry Capiod
- INSERM Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France.
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Zhao X, Schindell B, Li W, Ni L, Liu S, Wijerathne CUB, Gong J, Nyachoti CM, O K, Yang C. Distribution and localization of porcine calcium sensing receptor in different tissues of weaned piglets1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2402-2413. [PMID: 30887022 PMCID: PMC6541828 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste receptors including calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) are expressed in various animal tissues, and CaSR plays important roles in nutrient sensing and the physiology, growth, and development of animals. However, molecular distribution of porcine CaSR (pCaSR) in different tissues, especially along the longitudinal axis of the digestive tract in weaned piglets, is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and localization of pCaSR in the different tissues including intestinal segments of weaned piglets. Six male pigs were anesthetized and euthanized. Different tissues such as intestinal segments were collected. The pCaSR mRNA abundance, protein abundance, and localization were measured by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The mRNA and protein of pCaSR were detected in the kidney, lung, liver, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. The pCaSR mRNA was much higher (five to 180 times) in the kidney when compared with other tissues (P < 0.05). The ileum had higher pCaSR mRNA and protein abundances than the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and colon (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining results indicated that the pCaSR protein was mostly located in the epithelia of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. These results demonstrate that pCaSR is widely expressed in different tissues including intestinal segments in weaned piglets and the ileum has a higher expression level of pCaSR. Further research is needed to confirm the expression of CaSR in the different types of epithelial cells isolated from weaned piglets and characterize the functions of pCaSR, its potential ligands and cell signaling pathways related to CaSR activation in enteroendocrine cells and potentially in enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Brayden Schindell
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Weiqi Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Liju Ni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Shanghai Lab-Animal Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangxi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Charith U B Wijerathne
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - C Martin Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Sensory Axon Growth Requires Spatiotemporal Integration of CaSR and TrkB Signaling. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5842-5860. [PMID: 31123102 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0027-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuit development involves the coordinated growth and guidance of axons. During this process, axons encounter many different cues, but how these cues are integrated and translated into growth is poorly understood. In this study, we report that receptor signaling does not follow a linear path but changes dependent on developmental stage and coreceptors involved. Using developing chicken embryos of both sexes, our data show that calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G-protein-coupled receptor important for regulating calcium homeostasis, regulates neurite growth in two distinct ways. First, when signaling in isolation, CaSR promotes growth through the PI3-kinase-Akt pathway. At later developmental stages, CaSR enhances tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)/BDNF-mediated neurite growth. This enhancement is facilitated through a switch in the signaling cascade downstream of CaSR (i.e., from the PI3-kinase-Akt pathway to activation of GSK3α Tyr279). TrkB and CaSR colocalize within late endosomes, cotraffic and coactivate GSK3, which serves as a shared signaling node for both receptors. Our study provides evidence that two unrelated receptors can integrate their individual signaling cascades toward a nonadditive effect and thus control neurite growth during development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work highlights the effect of receptor coactivation and signal integration in a developmental setting. During embryonic development, neurites grow toward their targets guided by cues in the extracellular environment. These cues are sensed by receptors at the surface that trigger intracellular signaling events modulating the cytoskeleton. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of guidance cues are diversified, therefore expanding the number of responses. Here, we show that two unrelated receptors can change the downstream signaling cascade and regulate neuronal growth through a shared signaling node. In addition to unraveling a novel signaling pathway in neurite growth, this research stresses the importance of receptor coactivation and signal integration during development of the nervous system.
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Al-Ghafari AB. Genetic variants of calcium sensing receptor gene and risk of colorectal cancer: A case-control study. Pak J Med Sci 2019; 35:448-453. [PMID: 31086531 PMCID: PMC6500844 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the role of two genetic variants, (rs3804594) and (rs1801725), in calcium sensing receptor (CASR) gene with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in patients visited King Abdulaziz University hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted, by commercial DNA extraction kit, from whole blood of 100 CRC patients and 124 controls who visited KAUH from January 2016 to September 2016. Then genotype and allele distributions of both variants were determined by PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing techniques. All statistical analyses were performed by unpaired t-test and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Data obtained from χ2 test showed that intron 4 variant in CASR gene was distributed 100% normally in the 224 participants, however, exon 7 variant showed 100% homozygous distribution in the controls; whereas, in CRC patients it was distributed equally into 50% heterozygous and 50% homozygous with no detection for wild type. Conclusion: Intron 4 variant (rs3804594) in CASR gene is not correlated to CRC risk. However, more investigations are needed to elucidate the role of CASR gene exon 7 (rs1801725) variant in CRC development as the current results are not definitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Badr Al-Ghafari
- Ayat Badr Al-Ghafari, a) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. b) Experimental Biochemistry Unit, c) Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Storvall S, Ryhänen E, Bensch FV, Heiskanen I, Kytölä S, Ebeling T, Mäkelä S, Schalin‐Jäntti C. Recurrent Metastasized Parathyroid Carcinoma-Long-Term Remission After Combined Treatments With Surgery, Radiotherapy, Cinacalcet, Zoledronic Acid, and Temozolomide. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10114. [PMID: 31044184 PMCID: PMC6478586 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism with rather poor prognosis. Apart from surgery, no evidence-based treatments exist. A 48-year-old woman presented with weight loss, nausea, constipation, hypercalcemic crisis, and a recurrent neck tumor 5 years after primary surgery of a parathyroid tumor that primarily was classified as an adenoma. Histopathological reevaluation of the original tumor revealed the correct diagnosis to be parathyroid carcinoma (PC). The patient underwent surgery of the recurrent tumor, which was locally invasive with metastatic spread to the mediastinum and neck lymph nodes. Computed tomography demonstrated large lytic bone lesions in both iliac bones including, on the right, a soft tissue mass compatible with bone metastasis. The patient was treated with cinacalcet, repeated zoledronic acid infusions, and temozolomide cycles for 1 year. She underwent two additional neck surgeries for PC and sternotomy for resection of mediastinal metastases. Massive osteolytic lesions in both femoral necks caused imminent fracture risk and therefore both femurs were prophylactically stabilized by intramedullary nail. Serum calcium normalized after the third neck surgery, cinacalcet was discontinued, and parathyroid hormone gradually normalized during continued treatments with temozolomide, adjuvant radiotherapy, and zoledronic acid, with no signs of active disease on imaging and normal biochemistry. The patient remains in remission 17 years after successful combined treatments for recurrent, metastasized PC. The parathyroid tumor tissue demonstrated high O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status, a known predictor of positive temozolomide treatment response in other tumors. In addition, synergistic effects of multiple treatments may have accounted for the favorable response. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Storvall
- Endocrinology, Abdominal CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Eeva Ryhänen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Frank V Bensch
- RadiologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ilkka Heiskanen
- Endocrine SurgeryAbdominal CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Soili Kytölä
- Laboratory of Genetics, HUSLABHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- EndocrinologyUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Siru Mäkelä
- Department of OncologyComprehensive Cancer CentreUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Camilla Schalin‐Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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Roesler AM, Wicher SA, Ravix J, Britt RD, Manlove L, Teske JJ, Cummings K, Thompson MA, Farver C, MacFarlane P, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Calcium sensing receptor in developing human airway smooth muscle. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14187-14197. [PMID: 30624783 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) regulation of airway structure and contractility is critical in fetal/neonatal physiology in health and disease. Fetal lungs experience higher Ca2+ environment that may impact extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]o ) sensing receptor (CaSR). Well-known in the parathyroid gland, CaSR is also expressed in late embryonic lung mesenchyme. Using cells from 18-22 week human fetal lungs, we tested the hypothesis that CaSR regulates intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]i ) in fetal ASM (fASM). Compared with adult ASM, CaSR expression was higher in fASM, while fluorescence Ca2+ imaging showed that [Ca2+ ]i was more sensitive to altered [Ca2+ ]o . The fASM [Ca2+ ]i responses to histamine were also more sensitive to [Ca2+ ]o (0-2 mM) compared with an adult, enhanced by calcimimetic R568 but blunted by calcilytic NPS2143. [Ca2+ ]i was enhanced by endogenous CaSR agonist spermine (again higher sensitivity compared with adult). Inhibition of phospholipase C (U73122; siRNA) or inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (Xestospongin C) blunted [Ca2+ ]o sensitivity and R568 effects. NPS2143 potentiated U73122 effects. Store-operated Ca2+ entry was potentiated by R568. Traction force microscopy showed responsiveness of fASM cellular contractility to [Ca2+ ]o and NPS2143. Separately, fASM proliferation showed sensitivity to [Ca2+ ]o and NPS2143. These results demonstrate functional CaSR in developing ASM that modulates airway contractility and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Roesler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sarah A Wicher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jovanka Ravix
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rodney D Britt
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Logan Manlove
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jacob J Teske
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Katelyn Cummings
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carol Farver
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peter MacFarlane
- Division of Neonatology, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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42
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Hannan FM, Kallay E, Chang W, Brandi ML, Thakker RV. The calcium-sensing receptor in physiology and in calcitropic and noncalcitropic diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 15:33-51. [PMID: 30443043 PMCID: PMC6535143 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a dimeric family C G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in calcitropic tissues such as the parathyroid glands and the kidneys and signals via G proteins and β-arrestin. The CaSR has a pivotal role in bone and mineral metabolism, as it regulates parathyroid hormone secretion, urinary Ca2+ excretion, skeletal development and lactation. The importance of the CaSR for these calcitropic processes is highlighted by loss-of-function and gain-of-function CaSR mutations that cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia, respectively, and also by the fact that alterations in parathyroid CaSR expression contribute to the pathogenesis of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Moreover, the CaSR is an established therapeutic target for hyperparathyroid disorders. The CaSR is also expressed in organs not involved in Ca2+ homeostasis: it has noncalcitropic roles in lung and neuronal development, vascular tone, gastrointestinal nutrient sensing, wound healing and secretion of insulin and enteroendocrine hormones. Furthermore, the abnormal expression or function of the CaSR is implicated in cardiovascular and neurological diseases, as well as in asthma, and the CaSR is reported to protect against colorectal cancer and neuroblastoma but increase the malignant potential of prostate and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadil M Hannan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Sungu N, Dogan HT, Kiliçarslan A, Kiliç M, Polat S, Tokaç M, Akbaba S, Parlak Ö, Balci S, Ögüt B, Çakir B. Role of calcium-sensing receptor, Galectin-3, Cyclin D1, and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry to favor in the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2018; 61:22-26. [PMID: 29567879 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_85_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As histopathological findings of parathyroid carcinoma are not certain, the diagnosis of tumors with degenerative changes may be difficult. In these cases, immunohistochemical markers are beneficial. We aimed to research the acceptability of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), Galactin-3, Cyclin D1, and Ki-67 as helpful markers in parathyroid tumors in cases which are difficult to diagnose. Materials and Methods Those cases who had been diagnosed with atypical parathyroid adenoma and parathyroid carcinoma between 2010 and 2015 were reevaluated. İmmunohistochemical markers were applied to this cases. Results About 21 cases were parathyroid adenoma, 14 were atypical adenoma, and 10 cases were parathyroid carcinoma. According to the immunohistochemical results, global loss of CaSR staining was seen in 50% (5/10) of the patients with carcinoma while there was no loss of staining in those with parathyroid adenoma (P = 0,001). Global loss of CaSR staining was found in only one out of 14 cases with atypical adenoma. The expression of Galactin-3 was found to be positive in 40% (4/10) of carcinoma cases, 71.4% (10/14) of those with atypical adenoma, and 14.3% (3/21) of those with adenoma (P = 0,002). Cyclin D1 expression was determined to be positive in 70% (7/10) of patients with carcinoma, 71.4% (10/14) of atypical adenoma cases, and 23.8% (5/21) of those with adenoma. The Ki-67 proliferation index was seen to be above 5% in 50% (5/10) of carcinoma cases and 35,7% (5/14) of those with atypical adenoma. Conclusion In these studies, it has been emphasized that the global loss of CaSR staining was used as a negative marker in the diagnosis of carcinoma. In this study, we have also confirmed that the global loss of CaSR staining is a useful marker to determine potential increased malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuran Sungu
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Tatli Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydan Kiliçarslan
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kiliç
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sefika Polat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tokaç
- Department of General Surgery, Yeni Yüzyıl University, Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Soner Akbaba
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer Parlak
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Balci
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Ögüt
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Çakir
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Iamartino L, Elajnaf T, Kallay E, Schepelmann M. Calcium-sensing receptor in colorectal inflammation and cancer: Current insights and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4119-4131. [PMID: 30271078 PMCID: PMC6158479 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i36.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is best known for its action in the parathyroid gland and kidneys where it controls body calcium homeostasis. However, the CaSR has different roles in the gastrointestinal tract, where it is ubiquitously expressed. In the colon, the CaSR is involved in controlling multiple mechanisms, including fluid transport, inflammation, cell proliferation and differentiation. Although the expression pattern and functions of the CaSR in the colonic microenvironment are far from being completely understood, evidence has been accumulating that the CaSR might play a protective role against both colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer. For example, CaSR agonists such as dipeptides have been suggested to reduce colonic inflammation, while dietary calcium was shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. CaSR expression is lost in colonic malignancies, indicating that the CaSR is a biomarker for colonic cancer progression. This dual anti-inflammatory and anti-tumourigenic role of the CaSR makes it especially interesting in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. In this review, we describe the clinical and experimental evidence for the role of the CaSR in colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer, the intracellular signalling pathways which are putatively involved in these actions, and the possibilities to exploit these actions of the CaSR for future therapies of colonic inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iamartino
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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45
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Calcium-sensing receptor in nutrient sensing: an insight into the modulation of intestinal homoeostasis. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:881-890. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe animal gut effectively prevents the entry of hazardous substances and microbes while permitting the transfer of nutrients, such as water, electrolytes, vitamins, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and microbial metabolites, which are intimately associated with intestinal homoeostasis. The gut maintains biological functions through its nutrient-sensing receptors, including the Ca-sensing receptor (CaSR), which activates a variety of signalling pathways, depending on cellular context. CaSR coordinates food digestion and nutrient absorption, promotes cell proliferation and differentiation, regulates energy metabolism and immune response, stimulates hormone secretion, mitigates secretory diarrhoea and enhances intestinal barrier function. Thus, CaSR is crucial to the maintenance of gut homoeostasis and protection of intestinal health. In this review, we focused on the emerging roles of CaSR in the modulation of intestinal homoeostasis including related underlying mechanisms. By elucidating the relationship between CaSR and animal gut homoeostasis, effective and inexpensive methods for treating intestinal health imbalance through nutritional manipulation can be developed. This article is expected to provide experimental data of the effects of CaSR on animal or human health.
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46
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Yang W, Liu L, Masugi Y, Qian ZR, Nishihara R, Keum N, Wu K, Smith-Warner SA, Ma Y, Nowak JA, Momen-Heravi F, Zhang L, Bowden M, Morikawa T, da Silva A, Wang M, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA, Ng K, Giovannucci E, Ogino S, Zhang X. Calcium intake and risk of colorectal cancer according to expression status of calcium-sensing receptor (CASR). Gut 2018; 67:1475-1483. [PMID: 28676564 PMCID: PMC5754263 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although evidence suggests an inverse association between calcium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer, the mechanisms remain unclear. The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) is expressed abundantly in normal colonic epithelium and may influence carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that calcium intake might be associated with lower risk of CASR-positive, but not CASR-negative, colorectal cancer. DESIGN We assessed tumour CASR protein expression using immunohistochemistry in 779 incident colon and rectal cancer cases that developed among 136 249 individuals in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Duplication method Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess associations of calcium intake with incidence of colorectal adenocarcinoma subtypes by CASR status. RESULTS Total calcium intake was inversely associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer (ptrend=0.01, comparing ≥1200 vs <600 mg/day: multivariable HR=0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.95). For the same comparison, higher total calcium intake was associated with a lower risk of CASR-positive tumours (ptrend=0.003, multivariable HR=0.67, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.86) but not with CASR-negative tumours (ptrend=0.67, multivariable HR=1.15, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.78; pheterogeneity=0.06 between the CASR subtypes). The stronger inverse associations of calcium intake with CASR-positive but not CASR-negative tumours generally appeared consistent regardless of sex, tumour location and source of calcium. CONCLUSIONS Our molecular pathological epidemiology data suggest a causal relationship between higher calcium intake and lower colorectal cancer risk, and a potential role of CASR in mediating antineoplastic effect of calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshui Yang
- Department of Social Science and Public Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Periodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Libin Zhang
- Institute for Community Inclusion, University of Massachusetts Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Strontium ranelate promotes odonto-/osteogenic differentiation/mineralization of dental papillae cells in vitro and mineralized tissue formation of the dental pulp in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9224. [PMID: 29907831 PMCID: PMC6003917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects and mechanisms of strontium ranelate (SrRn)-a drug used to treat osteoporosis-on the proliferation and differentiation/mineralization of cloned dental pulp-like cells (mouse dental papillae cells; MDPs). It also determined whether topical application of SrRn to exposed dental pulp tissue promotes the formation of mineralized tissue in vivo. The MDPs were cultured with or without SrRn, and cell proliferation, odonto-/osteoblastic gene expression, mineralized nodule formation, and Akt phosphorylation were evaluated. The formation of mineralized tissue in SrRn-treated pulp tissue in rat upper first molars was evaluated histologically. The SrRn up-regulated cell proliferation and expression of Alp (alkaline phosphatase), Bsp (bone sialoprotein), Dmp (dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein)-1, Dspp (dentin sialophosphoprotein), and Oc (osteocalcin) in a dose-dependent manner. Mineralized nodule formation was also enhanced by SrRn. NPS-2143, a calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonist, and siRNA against the CaSR gene blocked SrRn-induced proliferation, odonto-/osteoblastic gene expression, and mineralized nodule formation. SrRn induced Akt phosphorylation, and this was blocked by NPS-2143. Topical application of SrRn to exposed rat molar pulps induced the formation of osteodentin-like mineralized tissue. Our study revealed for the first time that SrRn promotes proliferation and odonto-/osteogenic differentiation/mineralization of MDPs via PI3K/Akt signaling activated by CaSR in vitro; mineralized tissue forms from the dental pulp in vivo.
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48
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Kallay E. Editorial: Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor. Front Physiol 2018; 9:413. [PMID: 29867518 PMCID: PMC5951927 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enikö Kallay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Koh J, Hogue JA, Roman SA, Scheri RP, Fradin H, Corcoran DL, Sosa JA. Transcriptional profiling reveals distinct classes of parathyroid tumors in PHPT. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:407-420. [PMID: 29475894 PMCID: PMC5826637 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) varies widely, although the underlying mechanistic reasons for this disparity remain unknown. We recently reported that parathyroid tumors can be functionally segregated into two distinct groups on the basis of their relative responsiveness to ambient calcium, and that patients in these groups differ significantly in their likelihood of manifesting bone disability. To examine the molecular basis for this phenotypic variation in PHPT, we compared the global gene expression profiles of calcium-sensitive and calcium-resistant parathyroid tumors. RNAseq and proteomic analysis identified a candidate set of differentially expressed genes highly correlated with calcium-sensing capacity. Subsequent quantitative assessment of the expression levels of these genes in an independent cohort of parathyroid tumors confirmed that calcium-sensitive tumors cluster in a discrete transcriptional profile group. These data indicate that PHPT is not an etiologically monolithic disorder and suggest that divergent molecular mechanisms could drive the observed phenotypic differences in PHPT disease course, provenance, and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Koh
- Dept. of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center
- To whom reprint requests should be addressed: James Koh, Ph.D., Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, Phone: 919-684-0892, FAX: 919-681-6622,
| | - Joyce A. Hogue
- Dept. of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie A. Sosa
- Dept. of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Dept. of Medicine, Duke University
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center
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50
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Gerbino A, Colella M. The Different Facets of Extracellular Calcium Sensors: Old and New Concepts in Calcium-Sensing Receptor Signalling and Pharmacology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E999. [PMID: 29584660 PMCID: PMC5979557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current interest of the scientific community for research in the field of calcium sensing in general and on the calcium-sensing Receptor (CaR) in particular is demonstrated by the still increasing number of papers published on this topic. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor is the best-known G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) able to sense external Ca2+ changes. Widely recognized as a fundamental player in systemic Ca2+ homeostasis, the CaR is ubiquitously expressed in the human body where it activates multiple signalling pathways. In this review, old and new notions regarding the mechanisms by which extracellular Ca2+ microdomains are created and the tools available to measure them are analyzed. After a survey of the main signalling pathways triggered by the CaR, a special attention is reserved for the emerging concepts regarding CaR function in the heart, CaR trafficking and pharmacology. Finally, an overview on other Ca2+ sensors is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
| | - Matilde Colella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
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