1
|
Geister E, Ard D, Patel H, Findley A, DeSouza G, Martin L, Knox H, Gavara N, Lugea A, Sabbatini ME. The Role of Twist1 in Chronic Pancreatitis-Associated Pancreatic Stellate Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00234-7. [PMID: 39032603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In a healthy pancreas, pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs) synthesize the basement membrane, which is mainly composed of type IV collagen and laminin. In chronic pancreatitis (CP), PaSCs are responsible for the production of a rigid extracellular matrix (ECM) that is mainly composed of fibronectin and type I/III collagen. Reactive oxygen species evoke the formation of the rigid ECM by PaSCs. One source of reactive oxygen species is NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes. Nox1 up-regulates the expression of Twist1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in PaSCs from mice with CP. This study determined the functional relationship between Twist1 and MMP-9, and other PaSC-produced proteins, and the extent to which Twist1 regulates digestion of ECM proteins in CP. Twist1 induced the expression of MMP-9 in mouse PaSCs. The action of Twist1 was not selective to MMP-9 because Twist1 induced the expression of types I and IV collagen, fibronectin, transforming growth factor, and α-smooth muscle actin. Using luciferase assay, Twist1 in human primary PaSCs increased the expression of MMP-9 at the transcriptional level in an NF-κB dependent manner. The digestion of type I/III collagen by MMP-9 secreted by PaSCs from mice with CP depended on Twist1. Thus, Twist1 in PaSCs from mice with CP induces rigid ECM production and MMP-9 transcription in an NF-κB-dependent mechanism that selectively displays proteolytic activity toward type I/III collagen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Geister
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Dalton Ard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Heer Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Alyssa Findley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Godfrey DeSouza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lyndsay Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Henry Knox
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Natasha Gavara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koletsos N, Lazaridis A, Triantafyllou A, Anyfanti P, Lamprou S, Stoimeni A, Papadopoulos NG, Koravou EE, Gkaliagkousi E. Accumulation of Microvascular Target Organ Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Is Associated with Increased Cardiovascular Risk. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2140. [PMID: 38610905 PMCID: PMC11012611 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype autoimmune disease associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) burden. Besides increased arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis, microvascular dysfunction is considered an important component in the pathophysiology of CV disease. However, there is a lack of data regarding the effect of multiple target organ damage (TOD) on CV health. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate (i) the presence of microvascular changes in SLE in various vascular beds, (ii) the possible associations between the accumulation of microvascular TOD and CV risk and (iii) whether Galectin-3 represents a predictor of combined microvascular TOD. Methods: Participants underwent (i) evaluation of skin microvascular perfusion (laser speckle contrast analysis), (ii) fundoscopy (non-mydriatic fundus camera), (iii) indirect assessment of myocardial perfusion (subendocardial viability ratio) and (iv) determination of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). CV risk was calculated using the QResearch Risk Estimator version 3 (QRISK3). Serum Galectin-3 levels were determined. Results: Forty-seven SLE patients and fifty controls were studied. SLE patients demonstrated impaired skin microvascular reactivity (160.2 ± 41.0 vs. 203.6 ± 40.1%), retinal arteriolar narrowing (88.1 ± 11.1 vs. 94.6 ± 13.5 μm) and higher UACR levels compared to controls. Furthermore, SLE individuals had significantly higher Galectin-3 levels [21.5(6.1) vs. 6.6(6.6) ng/dL], QRISK3 scores [7.0(8.6) vs. 1.3(3.6)%] and a greater chance for microvascular dysfunction. In the SLE group, patients with multiple TOD exhibited higher QRISK3. In the multivariate analysis, the accumulation of TOD correlated with disease activity and Galectin-3 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study showed for the first time that SLE patients exhibit a greater number of cases of TOD. The accumulation of TOD was associated with increased CV risk. Clinicians dealing with SLE should be aware and seek microvascular alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Koletsos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (A.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (A.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Areti Triantafyllou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (A.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Panagiota Anyfanti
- Second Medical Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Stamatina Lamprou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (A.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Anastasia Stoimeni
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (A.S.); (E.G.)
| | | | | | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (A.S.); (E.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Azeredo PDS, Fan D, Murphy EA, Carver WE. Potential of Plant-Derived Compounds in Preventing and Reversing Organ Fibrosis and the Underlying Mechanisms. Cells 2024; 13:421. [PMID: 38474385 PMCID: PMC10930795 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased production of extracellular matrix is a necessary response to tissue damage and stress. In a normal healing process, the increase in extracellular matrix is transient. In some instances; however, the increase in extracellular matrix can persist as fibrosis, leading to deleterious alterations in organ structure, biomechanical properties, and function. Indeed, fibrosis is now appreciated to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Extensive research has illustrated that fibrosis can be slowed, arrested or even reversed; however, few drugs have been approved specifically for anti-fibrotic treatment. This is in part due to the complex pathways responsible for fibrogenesis and the undesirable side effects of drugs targeting these pathways. Natural products have been utilized for thousands of years as a major component of traditional medicine and currently account for almost one-third of drugs used clinically worldwide. A variety of plant-derived compounds have been demonstrated to have preventative or even reversal effects on fibrosis. This review will discuss the effects and the underlying mechanisms of some of the major plant-derived compounds that have been identified to impact fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia dos Santos Azeredo
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Cell Therapy, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA;
| | - E. Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA;
| | - Wayne E. Carver
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Girona J, Soler O, Samino S, Junza A, Martínez-Micaelo N, García-Altares M, Ràfols P, Esteban Y, Yanes O, Correig X, Masana L, Rodríguez-Calvo R. Lipidomics Reveals Myocardial Lipid Composition in a Murine Model of Insulin Resistance Induced by a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2702. [PMID: 38473949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectopic fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues is closely related to diabetes-related myocardial dysfunction. Nevertheless, the complete picture of the lipid metabolites involved in the metabolic-related myocardial alterations is not fully characterized. The aim of this study was to characterize the specific lipid profile in hearts in an animal model of obesity/insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The cardiac lipidome profiles were assessed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS-MS and laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) tissue imaging in hearts from C57BL/6J mice fed with an HFD or standard-diet (STD) for 12 weeks. Targeted lipidome analysis identified a total of 63 lipids (i.e., 48 triacylglycerols (TG), 5 diacylglycerols (DG), 1 sphingomyelin (SM), 3 phosphatidylcholines (PC), 1 DihydroPC, and 5 carnitines) modified in hearts from HFD-fed mice compared to animals fed with STD. Whereas most of the TG were up-regulated in hearts from animals fed with an HFD, most of the carnitines were down-regulated, thereby suggesting a reduction in the mitochondrial β-oxidation. Roughly 30% of the identified metabolites were oxidated, pointing to an increase in lipid peroxidation. Cardiac lipidome was associated with a specific biochemical profile and a specific liver TG pattern. Overall, our study reveals a specific cardiac lipid fingerprint associated with metabolic alterations induced by HFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oria Soler
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Samino
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Junza
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Neus Martínez-Micaelo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Altares
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pere Ràfols
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Esteban
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma JR, Dubey A, Yadav UCS. Cigarette smoke-induced galectin-3 as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in lung tissue remodeling. Life Sci 2024; 339:122433. [PMID: 38237765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a multifunctional carbohydrate-binding lectin, has emerged as a key player in various biological processes including inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and fibrotic disorders, however it remains unclear if Gal-3 is a bystander or drives lung tissue remodeling (LTR). Persistent exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is the leading cause of oxidative and inflammatory damage to the lung tissues. CS-induced pathological increase in Gal-3 expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various respiratory conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. We and others have reported that CS induces Gal-3 synthesis and secretion, which modulates the pathological signaling pathways in lung epithelial cells implicating Gal-3 as a novel diagnostic marker and a factor driving LTR in CS-exposed lungs. Therefore, pharmacological interventions targeting Gal-3 and its upstream and downstream signaling pathways can help combat CS-induced LTR. Excitingly, preclinical models have demonstrated the efficacy of interventions such as Gal-3 expression inhibition, Gal-3 receptor blockade, and signaling pathways modulation open up promising avenues for future therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, targeting extracellular vesicles-mediated Gal-3 release and the potential of microRNA-based therapy are emerging as novel therapeutic approaches in CS-induced LTR and have been discussed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiten R Sharma
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anupama Dubey
- Special Center for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Special Center for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Claridge B, Rai A, Lees JG, Fang H, Lim SY, Greening DW. Cardiomyocyte intercellular signalling increases oxidative stress and reprograms the global- and phospho-proteome of cardiac fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e125. [PMID: 38938901 PMCID: PMC11080892 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Pathological reprogramming of cardiomyocyte and fibroblast proteome landscapes drive the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis. Although the secretome of dysfunctional cardiomyocytes is emerging as an important driver of pathological fibroblast reprogramming, our understanding of the downstream molecular players remains limited. Here, we show that cardiac fibroblast activation (αSMA+) and oxidative stress mediated by the secretome of TGFβ-stimulated cardiomyocytes is associated with a profound reprogramming of their proteome and phosphoproteome landscape. Within the fibroblast global proteome there was a striking dysregulation of proteins implicated in extracellular matrix, protein localisation/metabolism, KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway, lysosomes, carbohydrate metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. Kinase substrate enrichment analysis of phosphopeptides revealed potential role of kinases (CK2, CDK2, PKC, GSK3B) during this remodelling. We verified upregulated activity of casein kinase 2 (CK2) in secretome-treated fibroblasts, and pharmacological CK2 inhibitor TBB (4,5,6,7-Tetrabromobenzotriazole) significantly abrogated fibroblast activation and oxidative stress. Our data provides molecular insights into cardiomyocyte to cardiac fibroblast crosstalk, and the potential role of CK2 in regulating cardiac fibroblast activation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Claridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and ImplementationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and ImplementationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jarmon G. Lees
- O'Brien Institute DepartmentSt Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery and MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shiang Y. Lim
- O'Brien Institute DepartmentSt Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery and MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart CentreSingaporeSingapore
- Drug Discovery Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - David W. Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and ImplementationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Drăgan A, Mateescu AD. Novel Biomarkers and Advanced Cardiac Imaging in Aortic Stenosis: Old and New. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1661. [PMID: 38002343 PMCID: PMC10669288 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the symptomatic status and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) play a crucial role in aortic stenosis (AS) assessment. However, the symptoms are often subjective, and LVEF is not a sensitive marker of left ventricle (LV) decompensation. Over the past years, the cardiac structure and function research on AS has increased due to advanced imaging modalities and potential therapies. New imaging parameters emerged as predictors of disease progression in AS. LV global longitudinal strain has proved useful for risk stratification in asymptomatic severe AS patients with preserved LVEF. The assessment of myocardial fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance is the most studied application and offers prognostic information on AS. Moreover, the usage of biomarkers in AS as objective measures of LV decompensation has recently gained more interest. The present review focuses on the transition from compensatory LV hypertrophy (H) to LV dysfunction and the biomarkers associated with myocardial wall stress, fibrosis, and myocyte death. Moreover, we discuss the potential impact of non-invasive imaging parameters for optimizing the timing of aortic valve replacement and provide insight into novel biomarkers for possible prognostic use in AS. However, data from randomized clinical trials are necessary to define their utility in daily practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Drăgan
- Department of Cardiovascular Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof Dr C C Iliescu”, 258 Fundeni Road, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Doina Mateescu
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof Dr C C Iliescu”, 258 Fundeni Road, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo T, Ren X, Fan L, Guo C, Zhang B, Bi J, Guan S, Ning M. Identification of two galectin-4 proteins (PcGal4-L and PcGal4-L-CRD) and their function in AMP expression in Procambarus clarkii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109040. [PMID: 37648118 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a family of lectins that bind to β-galactoside, possess conserved carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) and play a crucial role in recognizing and eliminating pathogens in invertebrates. Two galectin-4 genes (PcGal4) isoforms, named PcGal4-L and PcGal4-L-CRD, were cloned from the cDNA library of Procambarus clarkia in our study. PcGal4-L contains an open reading frame (ORF, 1089 bp), which encodes a protein consisting of 362 amino acids including a single CRD and six low complexity regions. The full-length cDNA of PcGal4-L-CRD contains a 483 bp ORF that encodes a protein of 160 amino acids, with a single CRD and a low-complexity region. The difference between the two PcGal4 isoforms is that PcGal4-L has 202 additional amino acids after the CRD compared to the PcGal4-L-CRD. These two isoforms are grouped together with other galectins from crustaceans through phylogenetic analysis. Further study revealed that total PcGal4 (including PcGal4-L and PcGal4-L-CRD) was primarily expressed in the muscle, gills and intestine. The mRNA levels of total PcGal4 in gills and hemocytes were significantly induced after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. Both recombinant PcGal4-L and its spliced isoform, PcGal4-L-CRD, could directly bind to lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan and five tested microorganisms, inducing a wide spectrum of microbial agglutination. The spliced isoform PcGal4-L-CRD showed a stronger binding ability than PcGal4-L. In addition, when the PcGal4 was knockdown, transcriptions of seven antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) genes (ALF5, ALF6, ALF8, CRU1, CRU2, CRU3 and CRU4) in gills and seven AMPs genes (ALF5, ALF6, ALF8, ALF9, CRU1, CRU3 and CRU4) in hemocytes were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the survival rate of P. clarkii decreased in the PcGal4-dsRNA group. In summary, these results indicate that PcGal4 can mediate the innate immunity in P. clarkii by bacterial recognition and agglutination, as well as regulating AMP expression, thus recognition and understanding of the functions of galectin in crustaceans in immune resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Luo
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xianfeng Ren
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lixia Fan
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Changying Guo
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bingchun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuai Guan
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Mingxiao Ning
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ng ML, Ang X, Yap KY, Ng JJ, Goh ECH, Khoo BBJ, Richards AM, Drum CL. Novel Oxidative Stress Biomarkers with Risk Prognosis Values in Heart Failure. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030917. [PMID: 36979896 PMCID: PMC10046491 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in cardiovascular and other disease states, damage DNA, lipids, proteins, other cellular and extra-cellular components. OS is both initiated by, and triggers inflammation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, matrix remodeling, myocardial fibrosis, and neurohumoral activation. These have been linked to the development of heart failure (HF). Circulating biomarkers generated by OS offer potential utility in patient management and therapeutic targeting. Novel OS-related biomarkers such as NADPH oxidases (sNox2-dp, Nrf2), advanced glycation end-products (AGE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), are signaling molecules reflecting pathobiological changes in HF. This review aims to evaluate current OS-related biomarkers and their associations with clinical outcomes and to highlight those with greatest promise in diagnosis, risk stratification and therapeutic targeting in HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Xu Ang
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kwan Yi Yap
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Ng
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Eugene Chen Howe Goh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Bing Jie Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Chester Lee Drum
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim CW, Yoon Y, Kim MY, Baik SK, Ryu H, Park IH, Eom YW. 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate Reduces Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells by Inhibiting the Hippo Pathway Transcriptional Coactivator YAP. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010091. [PMID: 36611885 PMCID: PMC9818550 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although protein kinase C (PKC) regulates various biological activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, tissue remodeling, gene expression, and cell death, the antifibrotic effect of PKC in myofibroblasts is not fully understood. We investigated whether 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a PKC activator, reduced the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and explored the involvement of the Hippo pathway transcriptional coactivator YAP. We analyzed the effect of TPA on the proliferation and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) in the LX-2 HSC line. We also analyzed the phosphorylation of the Hippo pathway molecules YAP and LATS1 and investigated YAP nuclear translocation. We examined whether Gö 6983, a pan-PKC inhibitor, restored the TPA-inhibited activities of HSCs. Administration of TPA decreased the growth rate of LX-2 cells and inhibited the expression of α-SMA and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1). In addition, TPA induced phosphorylation of PKCδ, LATS1, and YAP and inhibited the nuclear translocation of YAP compared with the control. These TPA-induced phenomena were mostly ameliorated by Gö 6983. Our results indicate that PKCδ exerts an antifibrotic effect by inhibiting the Hippo pathway in HSCs. Therefore, PKCδ and YAP can be used as therapeutic targets for the treatment of fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdae Yoon
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Hwan Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.H.P.); (Y.W.E.); Tel.: +82-33-741-0260 (Y.W.E.)
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.H.P.); (Y.W.E.); Tel.: +82-33-741-0260 (Y.W.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nangia-Makker P, Hogan V, Balan V, Raz A. Chimeric galectin-3 and collagens: Biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in fibroproliferative diseases. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102622. [PMID: 36272642 PMCID: PMC9706532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, stiffening and scarring of an organ/tissue due to genetic abnormalities, environmental factors, infection, and/or injury, is responsible for > 40% of all deaths in the industrialized world, and to date, there is no cure for it despite extensive research and numerous clinical trials. Several biomarkers have been identified, but no effective therapeutic targets are available. Human galectin-3 is a chimeric gene product formed by the fusion of the internal domain of the collagen alpha gene [N-terminal domain (ND)] at the 5'-end of galectin-1 [C-terminal domain (CRD)] that appeared during evolution together with vertebrates. Due to the overlapping structural similarities between collagen and galectin-3 and their shared susceptibility to cleavage by matrix metalloproteases to generate circulating collagen-like peptides, this review will discuss present knowledge on the role of collagen and galectin-3 as biomarkers of fibrosis. We will also highlight the need for transformative approaches targeting both the ND and CRD domains of galectin-3, since glycoconjugate binding by the CRD is triggered by ND-mediated oligomerization and the therapies targeted only at the CRD have so far achieved limited success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA,For correspondence: Pratima Nangia-Makker; Avraham Raz
| | - Victor Hogan
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Vitaly Balan
- Guardant Health, Bioinformatics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Avraham Raz
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA,For correspondence: Pratima Nangia-Makker; Avraham Raz
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jubaidi FF, Zainalabidin S, Taib IS, Abdul Hamid Z, Mohamad Anuar NN, Jalil J, Mohd Nor NA, Budin SB. The Role of PKC-MAPK Signalling Pathways in the Development of Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiovascular Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158582. [PMID: 35955714 PMCID: PMC9369123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death among diabetic patients worldwide. Hence, cardiovascular wellbeing in diabetic patients requires utmost importance in disease management. Recent studies have demonstrated that protein kinase C activation plays a vital role in the development of cardiovascular complications via its activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, also known as PKC-MAPK pathways. In fact, persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetic conditions contribute to preserved PKC activation mediated by excessive production of diacylglycerol (DAG) and oxidative stress. PKC-MAPK pathways are involved in several cellular responses, including enhancing oxidative stress and activating signalling pathways that lead to uncontrolled cardiac and vascular remodelling and their subsequent dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the recent discovery on the role of PKC-MAPK pathways, the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of diabetic cardiovascular complications, and their potential as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular management in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.J.); (S.B.B.); Tel.: +603-9289-7645 (S.S.B.)
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (N.N.M.A.)
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
| | - Zariyantey Abdul Hamid
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (N.N.M.A.)
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Center for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Anizah Mohd Nor
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University College MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur 68100, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.J.); (S.B.B.); Tel.: +603-9289-7645 (S.S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dela Justina V, Miguez JSG, Priviero F, Sullivan JC, Giachini FR, Webb RC. Sex Differences in Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:725884. [PMID: 35822017 PMCID: PMC9261391 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.725884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of illness and death in the Western world. Cardiovascular aging is a progressive modification occurring in cardiac and vascular morphology and physiology where increased endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are observed, generally accompanied by increased systolic blood pressure and augmented pulse pressure. The effects of biological sex on cardiovascular pathophysiology have long been known. The incidence of hypertension is higher in men, and it increases in postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women are protected from CVD compared with age-matched men and this protective effect is lost with menopause, suggesting that sex-hormones influence blood pressure regulation. In parallel, the heart progressively remodels over the course of life and the pattern of cardiac remodeling also differs between the sexes. Lower autonomic tone, reduced baroreceptor response, and greater vascular function are observed in premenopausal women than men of similar age. However, postmenopausal women have stiffer arteries than their male counterparts. The biological mechanisms responsible for sex-related differences observed in cardiovascular aging are being unraveled over the last several decades. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the sex-differences of CVD in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Priviero
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martin-Saldaña S, Chevalier MT, Pandit A. Therapeutic potential of targeting galectins – A biomaterials-focused perspective. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
15
|
Cannavo A, Liccardo D, Gelzo M, Amato F, Gentile I, Pinchera B, Femminella GD, Parrella R, DE Rosa A, Gambino G, Marzano F, Ferrara N, Paolocci N, Rengo G, Castaldo G. Serum Galectin-3 and Aldosterone: potential biomarkers of cardiac complications in patients with COVID-19. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2022; 47:270-278. [PMID: 35266671 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus (CoV2) primarily targeting the lungs, the heart represents another critical virus target. Thus, the identification of SARS-CoV-2 disease of 2019 (COVID-19)-associated biomarkers would be beneficial to stratify prognosis and the risk of developing cardiac complications. Aldosterone and galectin-3 promote fibrosis and inflammation and are considered a prognostic biomarker of lung and adverse cardiac remodeling. Here, we tested whether galectin-3 and aldosterone levels can predict adverse cardiac outcomes in COVID-19 patients. METHODS To this aim, we assessed galectin-3 and aldosterone serum levels in 51 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, using a population of 19 healthy subjects as controls. In in vitro studies, we employed 3T3 fibroblasts to assess the potential roles of aldosterone and galectin-3 in fibroblast activation. RESULTS Serum galectin-3 levels were more elevated in COVID-19 patients than healthy controls and correlated with COVID-19 severity classification and cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) serum levels. Furthermore, we observed an augmented secretion of aldosterone in COVID-19 patients. This adrenal hormone is a direct stimulator of galectin-3 secretion; therefore, we surmised that this axis could perpetrate fibrosis and adverse remodeling in these subjects. Thus, we stimulated fibroblasts with 10% of serum from COVID-19 patients. This challenge markedly rose the expression of smooth muscle alpha (α)-2 actin (ACTA2), a myofibroblast marker. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that COVID-19 can affect cardiac structure and function by triggering aldosterone and galectin-3 release that may serve as prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers while monitoring the course of cardiac complications in patients suffering from COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monica Gelzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Amato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pinchera
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia D Femminella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Parrella
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, Cotugno Hospital- A.O.R.N. Dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata DE Rosa
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, Cotugno Hospital- A.O.R.N. Dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Marzano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri -S.p.A. - Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Scientifico di Telese Terme, Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy - .,Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri -S.p.A. - Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Scientifico di Telese Terme, Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Galectin, another lectin from Fenneropenaeus merguiensis contributed in shrimp immune defense. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 190:107738. [PMID: 35247464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous lectins act as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the innate immune system of invertebrates. Here, a galectin (FmGal) was isolated from hemocytes of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis. FmGal contained one open reading frame encoding a peptide of 338 amino acids. The primary sequence of FmGal comprised a carbohydrate recognition domain with a specific galactose binding site. The FmGal transcripts were found mostly in hemocytes of healthy shrimp. The expression of FmGal was up-regulated upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Gene-silencing with FmGal double-stranded RNA resulted in extreme down-regulation of FmGal. Knockdown with a co-injection of pathogens reduced the survival rate of shrimp. Recombinant protein of FmGal (rFmGal) required Ca2+ to agglutinate pathogenic bacteria and exhibited sugar-specificity to galactose, lactose, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). The ELISA-validated binding of rFmGal revealed higher affinity to LTA than LPS. rFmGal did not exhibit antibacterial activity but could enhance the phagocytosis and encapsulation of pathogenic invaders by hemocytes. Encapsulation was suppressed by galactose and lactose. Moreover, rFmGal also promoted the in vivo clearance of V. parahaemolyticus. FmGal, a galectin in F. merguiensis, participated in shrimp immunity, functioning as a PRR which might be involved in certain cellular responses.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin HJ, Mahendran R, Huang HY, Chiu PL, Chang YM, Day CH, Chen RJ, Padma VV, Liang-Yo Y, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum attenuates Angiotensin-II induced cardiac hypertrophy and improves cardiac function by repressing protein kinase C-ζ to restore HSF2 deSUMOlyation and Mel-18-IGF-IIR signaling suppression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114728. [PMID: 34634367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solanum nigrum, commonly known as Makoi or black shade has been traditionally used in Asian countries and other regions of world to treat liver disorders, diarrhoea, inflammatory conditions, chronic skin ailments (psoriasis and ringworm), fever, hydrophobia, painful periods, eye diseases, etc. It has been observed that S. nigrum contains substances, like steroidal saponins, total alkaloid, steroid alkaloid, and glycoprotein, which show anti-tumor activity. However; there is no scientific evidence of the efficacy of S. nigrum in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy. AIM To investigate the ability of S. nigrum to attenuate Angiotensin II - induced cardiac hypertrophy and improve cardiac function through the suppression of protein kinase PKC-ζ and Mel-18-IGF-IIR signaling leading to the restoration of HSF2 desumolyation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cardiomyoblast cells (H9c2) were challenged with 100 nM Angiotensin-II (AngII) for 24 h and were then treated with different concentration of S.nigrum or Calphostin C for 24 h. The hypertrophic effect in cardiomyoblast cells were determined by immunofluorescence staining and the modulations in hypertrophic protein marker along with Protein Kinase C-ζ, MEL18, HSF2, and Insulin like growth factor II (IGFIIR), markers were analyzed by western blotting. In vivo experiments were performed using 12 week old male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) separated into five groups. [1]Control WKY, [2] WKY -100 mg/kg of S.nigrum treatment, [3] SHR, [4] SHR-100 mg/kg of S.nigrum treatment, [5] SHR-300 mg/kg of S.nigrum treatment. S. nigrum was administered intraperitoneally for 8 week time interval. RESULTS Western blotting results indicate that S. nigrum significantly attenuates AngII induced cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, actin staining confirmed the ability of S. nigrum to ameliorate AngII induced cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, S. nigrum administration suppressed the hypertrophic signaling mediators like Protein Kinase C-ζ, Mel-18, and IGFIIR in a dose-dependent manner and HSF2 activation (restore deSUMOlyation) that leads to downregulation of IGF-IIR expression. Additionally in vivo experiments demonstrate the reduced heart sizes of S. nigrum treated SHRs rats when compared to control WKY rats. CONCLUSION Collectively, the data reveals the cardioprotective effect of S. nigrum inhibiting PKC-ζ with alleviated IGF IIR level in the heart that profoundly remits cardiac hypertrophy for hypertension-induced heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jen Lin
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ramasamy Mahendran
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Ling Chiu
- Ept Douliu Chinese Medical Clinic, Douliu, Taiwan; 1PT Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chang
- 1PT Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan; The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cecilia Hsuan Day
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingguang Road, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - V Vijaya Padma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Yang Liang-Yo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichuang, 406, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichuang, 406, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichuang, 406, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 970, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee GW, Kang MH, Ro WB, Song DW, Park HM. Circulating Galectin-3 Evaluation in Dogs With Cardiac and Non-cardiac Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:741210. [PMID: 34722704 PMCID: PMC8551921 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.741210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is involved in important biological functions such as fibrogenesis and inflammation. Notably, it is associated with various diseases and plays a major role in cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Although heart diseases are relatively common in dogs, a few studies have analyzed the circulating galectin-3 concentration in dogs with various heart diseases, including myxomatous mitral valve disease, patent ductus arteriosus, and pulmonic stenosis. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effect of heart disease on circulating galectin-3 levels in dogs, and also to evaluate the correlation between galectin-3 concentration and conventional echocardiographic indices along with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration in dogs with heart diseases. The medical records and archived serum samples of 107 dogs were evaluated retrospectively. In total, 107 dogs were classified into healthy dogs (n = 8), cardiac disease (n = 26), and non-cardiac disease groups (n = 73). The circulatory galectin-3 levels were analyzed using a commercially available canine-specific galectin-3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. This study demonstrated that dogs with heart, endocrine, and dermatologic diseases had significantly higher galectin-3 levels than healthy dogs (p = 0.009, p = 0.007, and p = 0.026, respectively). Among dogs with heart diseases, dogs with concentric cardiomyopathy had significantly increased circulatory galectin-3 levels compared with healthy dogs (p = 0.028). E'/A' had a positive association with galectin-3 levels among conventional echocardiographic indices. Moreover, the galectin-3 concentration could predict diastolic dysfunction. In dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease, a significantly positive correlation was revealed between galectin-3 levels and NT-proBNP levels (p = 0.007). Overall, this study demonstrates that circulatory galectin-3 levels increase in dogs with heart, endocrine, and dermatologic diseases. Moreover, this study demonstrates that galectin-3 concentration could be helpful to evaluate cardiac remodeling and diastolic function. Further large-scale research is required to evaluate the role of circulating galectin-3 in dogs with heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hee-Myung Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang CM, Yang CC, Hsiao LD, Yu CY, Tseng HC, Hsu CK, Situmorang JH. Upregulation of COX-2 and PGE 2 Induced by TNF-α Mediated Through TNFR1/MitoROS/PKCα/P38 MAPK, JNK1/2/FoxO1 Cascade in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2807-2824. [PMID: 34234507 PMCID: PMC8254141 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s313665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been shown to exert as a pathogenic factor in cardiac fibrosis and heart failure which were associated with the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) axis. However, whether TNF-α-induced COX-2/PGE2 upregulation mediated through ROS-dependent cascade remains elusive in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). This study aims to address the underlying mechanisms of TNF-α-induced COX-2/PGE2 expression. Methods Here, we used TNF receptor neutralizing antibody (TNFR nAb), pharmacologic inhibitors, and siRNAs to dissect the involvement of signaling components examined by Western blot and ELISA in TNF-α-mediated responses in HCFs. MitoSOX Red was used to measure mitoROS generation. Isolation of subcellular fractions was performed to determine membrane translocation of PKCα. Promoter luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were used to determine the role of transcription factor. Results We found that TNF-α time- and concentration-dependently upregulated COX-2 protein and mRNA expression as well as PGE2 synthesis which was attenuated by TNFR1 nAb, the inhibitor of mitochondrial ROS scavenger (MitoTEMPO), protein kinase C [(PKC)α, Gö6976], p38 MAPK [p38 inhibitor VIII, (p38i VIII)], JNK1/2 (SP600125), or forkhead box protein O1 [(FoxO1), AS1842856], and transfection with their respective siRNAs in HCFs. TNF-α-stimulated PKCα phosphorylation was inhibited by TNFR1 nAb, MitoTEMPO, or Gö6976. TNF-α stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 was attenuated by TNFR1 nAb, MitoTEMPO, Gö6976, and their inhibitors p38i VIII and SP600125. Moreover, TNF-α-triggered FoxO1 phosphorylation was abolished by AS1842856, TNFR1 nAb, and its upstream inhibitors MitoTEMPO, Gö6976, p38i VIII, and SP600125. Phosphorylation of FoxO1 could enhance its interaction with the COX-2 promoter element revealed by ChIP assay, which was attenuated by AS1842856. Conclusion Our results suggested that TNF-α-induced COX-2/PGE2 upregulation is mediated through TNFR1-dependent MitoROS/PKCα/p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 cascade to activate FoxO1 binding with the COX-2 promoter in HCFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kai Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jiro Hasegawa Situmorang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Novel Biomarkers in Heart Failure: New Insight in Pathophysiology and Clinical Perspective. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132771. [PMID: 34202603 PMCID: PMC8268524 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with a huge social burden in terms of cost, morbidity, and mortality. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) appears to be the gold standard in supporting the daily clinical management of patients with HF. Novel biomarkers may supplement BNP to improve the understanding of this complex disease process and, possibly, to personalize care for the different phenotypes, in order to ameliorate prognosis. In this review, we will examine some of the most promising novel biomarkers in HF. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the genesis and progression of HF and, therefore, several candidate molecules have been investigated in recent years for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring. Noncoding RNAs are attractive as biomarkers and their potential clinical applications may be feasible in the era of personalized medicine. Given the complex pathophysiology of HF, it is reasonable to expect that the future of biomarkers lies in the application of precision medicine, through wider testing panels and “omics” technologies, to further improve HF care delivery.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumric M, Ticinovic Kurir T, Borovac JA, Bozic J. Role of novel biomarkers in diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:685-705. [PMID: 34168722 PMCID: PMC8192249 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is commonly defined as cardiomyopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. As DCM is now recognized as a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus and clinical diagnosis is still inappropriate, various expert groups struggled to identify a suitable biomarker that will help in the recognition and management of DCM, with little success so far. Hence, we thought it important to address the role of biomarkers that have shown potential in either human or animal studies and which could eventually result in mitigating the poor outcomes of DCM. Among the array of biomarkers we thoroughly analyzed, long noncoding ribonucleic acids, soluble form of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 and galectin-3 seem to be most beneficial for DCM detection, as their plasma/serum levels accurately correlate with the early stages of DCM. The combination of relatively inexpensive and accurate speckle tracking echocardiography with some of the highlighted biomarkers may be a promising screening method for newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. The purpose of the screening test would be to direct affected patients to more specific confirmation tests. This perspective is in concordance with current guidelines that accentuate the importance of an interdisciplinary team-based approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Josip A Borovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
- Emergency Medicine, Institute of Emergency Medicine of Split-Dalmatia County, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen L, Shi D, Guo M. The roles of PKC-δ and PKC-ε in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105716. [PMID: 34102229 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) cause a reduction in arterial blood supply to tissues, followed by the restoration of perfusion and consequent reoxygenation. The reestablishment of blood flow triggers further damage to ischemic tissue through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, interference with cellular ion homeostasis, opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTPs) and promotion of cell death (apoptosis or necrosis). PKC-δ and PKC-ε, belonging to a family of serine/threonine kinases, have been demonstrated to play important roles during I/R injury in cardiovascular diseases. However, the cardioprotective mechanisms of PKC-δ and PKC-ε in I/R injury have not been elaborated until now. This article discusses the roles of PKC-δ and PKC-ε during myocardial I/R in redox regulation (redox signaling and oxidative stress), cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), Ca2+ overload, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xi yuan), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cao N, Tang X, Gao R, Kong L, Zhang J, Qin W, Hu N, Zhang A, Ma K, Li L, Si JQ. Galectin-3 participates in PASMC migration and proliferation by interacting with TGF-β1. Life Sci 2021; 274:119347. [PMID: 33716065 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodelling is one of the most important factors for pulmonary hypertension (PH). Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin. In the latest literature, Gal-3 has been reported to be involved in pulmonary vascular remodelling, and its underlying mechanism is unclear. Our research aims to prove the effect of Gal-3 on the proliferation and migration of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and to study its mechanism. In vivo experiment: In Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, monocrotaline was injected intraperitoneally to establish a PH model, and the Gal-3 inhibitor (modified citrus pectin, MCP) 28 Ds was administered in the stomach. The results indicate that Gal-3 and TGF-β1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of PH, which may be related to the Smad2/3 signalling pathway. In vitro experiment: Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were pretreated with the Gal-3 inhibitor (MCP) for 24 h, then TGF-β1 or Gal-3 was administered to the cells for 24 h. The results show that exogenous TGF-β1 and Gal-3 can activate the downstream Smad2/3 signalling pathway, and increase the proliferation and migration ability of HPASMC. However, the Gal-3 inhibitor (MCP) inhibited these effects. Further results display that TGF-β1 and Gal-3 could mutually regulate the protein and mRNA expression levels. In summary, the results of this study indicate that Gal-3 regulates the Smad2/3 signalling pathway through protein interaction with TGF-β1, in turn regulates the proliferation and migration of HPASMC, thereby regulating the occurrence and development of PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cao
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi 832002, China; The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Xuechun Tang
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi 832002, China; The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China; Department of Burns department, First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - RuiJuan Gao
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi 832002, China; The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Liangjingyuan Kong
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi 832002, China; The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Jingrong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi 832002, China; The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Wenjuan Qin
- Department of Ultrasound Room, First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Na Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Ketao Ma
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi 832002, China; The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China; Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Physiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Jun-Qiang Si
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi 832002, China; The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China; Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Physiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Barman SA, Bordan Z, Batori R, Haigh S, Fulton DJR. Galectin-3 Promotes ROS, Inflammation, and Vascular Fibrosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:13-32. [PMID: 33788185 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a progressive vascular disease arising from the narrowing of pulmonary arteries (PA) resulting in high pulmonary arterial blood pressure and ultimately right ventricular (RV) failure. A defining characteristic of PAH is the excessive remodeling of PA that includes increased proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis. There is no cure for PAH nor interventions that effectively impede or reverse PA remodeling, and research over the past several decades has sought to identify novel molecular mechanisms of therapeutic benefit. Galectin-3 (Gal-3; Mac-2) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin that is remarkable for its chimeric structure, comprised of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain. Gal-3 is a regulator of changes in cell behavior that contribute to aberrant PA remodeling including cell proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis, but its role in PAH is poorly understood. Herein, we summarize the recent literature on the role of Gal-3 in the development of PAH and provide experimental evidence supporting the ability of Gal-3 to influence reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NOX enzyme expression, inflammation, and fibrosis, which contributes to PA remodeling. Finally, we address the clinical significance of Gal-3 as a target in the development of therapeutic agents as a treatment for PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Barman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
| | - Zsuzsanna Bordan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Robert Batori
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Stephen Haigh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David J R Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nox2 Upregulation and p38α MAPK Activation in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy of Rats Exposed to Long-Term Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228576. [PMID: 33202984 PMCID: PMC7698046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the consequences of high altitude (hypobaric hypoxia) exposure is the development of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). One particular type of exposure is long-term chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIH); the molecular alterations in RVH in this particular condition are less known. Studies show an important role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex-induced oxidative stress and protein kinase activation in different models of cardiac hypertrophy. The aim was to determine the oxidative level, NADPH oxidase expression and MAPK activation in rats with RVH induced by CIH. Male Wistar rats were randomly subjected to CIH (2 days hypoxia/2 days normoxia; n = 10) and normoxia (NX; n = 10) for 30 days. Hypoxia was simulated with a hypobaric chamber. Measurements in the RV included the following: hypertrophy, Nox2, Nox4, p22phox, LOX-1 and HIF-1α expression, lipid peroxidation and H2O2 concentration, and p38α and Akt activation. All CIH rats developed RVH and showed an upregulation of LOX-1, Nox2 and p22phox and an increase in lipid peroxidation, HIF-1α stabilization and p38α activation. Rats with long-term CIH-induced RVH clearly showed Nox2, p22phox and LOX-1 upregulation and increased lipid peroxidation, HIF-1α stabilization and p38α activation. Therefore, these molecules may be considered new targets in CIH-induced RVH.
Collapse
|
26
|
Nicolas HA, Bertrand AT, Labib S, Mohamed-Uvaize M, Bolongo PM, Wu WY, Bilińska ZT, Bonne G, Akimenko MA, Tesson F. Protein Kinase C Alpha Cellular Distribution, Activity, and Proximity with Lamin A/C in Striated Muscle Laminopathies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112388. [PMID: 33142761 PMCID: PMC7693451 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle laminopathies are cardiac and skeletal muscle conditions caused by mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA). LMNA codes for the A-type lamins, which are nuclear intermediate filaments that maintain the nuclear structure and nuclear processes such as gene expression. Protein kinase C alpha (PKC-α) interacts with lamin A/C and with several lamin A/C partners involved in striated muscle laminopathies. To determine PKC-α’s involvement in muscular laminopathies, PKC-α’s localization, activation, and interactions with the A-type lamins were examined in various cell types expressing pathogenic lamin A/C mutations. The results showed aberrant nuclear PKC-α cellular distribution in mutant cells compared to WT. PKC-α activation (phos-PKC-α) was decreased or unchanged in the studied cells expressing LMNA mutations, and the activation of its downstream targets, ERK 1/2, paralleled PKC-α activation alteration. Furthermore, the phos-PKC-α-lamin A/C proximity was altered. Overall, the data showed that PKC-α localization, activation, and proximity with lamin A/C were affected by certain pathogenic LMNA mutations, suggesting PKC-α involvement in striated muscle laminopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. Nicolas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.A.N.); (W.Y.W.); (M.-A.A.)
| | - Anne T. Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS 974, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (A.T.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Sarah Labib
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (S.L.); (M.M.-U.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Musfira Mohamed-Uvaize
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (S.L.); (M.M.-U.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Pierrette M. Bolongo
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (S.L.); (M.M.-U.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Wen Yu Wu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.A.N.); (W.Y.W.); (M.-A.A.)
| | - Zofia T. Bilińska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS 974, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (A.T.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Marie-Andrée Akimenko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.A.N.); (W.Y.W.); (M.-A.A.)
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (S.L.); (M.M.-U.); (P.M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-562-5800 (ext. 7370)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sweeney M, Corden B, Cook SA. Targeting cardiac fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mirage or miracle? EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10865. [PMID: 32955172 PMCID: PMC7539225 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is central to the pathology of heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Irrespective of the underlying profibrotic condition (e.g. ageing, diabetes, hypertension), maladaptive cardiac fibrosis is defined by the transformation of resident fibroblasts to matrix-secreting myofibroblasts. Numerous profibrotic factors have been identified at the molecular level (e.g. TGFβ, IL11, AngII), which activate gene expression programs for myofibroblast activation. A number of existing HF therapies indirectly target fibrotic pathways; however, despite multiple clinical trials in HFpEF, a specific clinically effective antifibrotic therapy remains elusive. Therapeutic inhibition of TGFβ, the master-regulator of fibrosis, has unfortunately proven toxic and ineffective in clinical trials to date, and new approaches are needed. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and clinical implications of interstitial fibrosis in HFpEF. We provide an overview of trials targeting fibrosis in HFpEF to date and discuss the promise of potential new therapeutic approaches and targets in the context of underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sweeney
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- Wellcome Trust 4i/NIHR Clinical Research FellowImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Ben Corden
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hara A, Niwa M, Kanayama T, Noguchi K, Niwa A, Matsuo M, Kuroda T, Hatano Y, Okada H, Tomita H. Galectin-3: A Potential Prognostic and Diagnostic Marker for Heart Disease and Detection of Early Stage Pathology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091277. [PMID: 32899694 PMCID: PMC7565392 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of molecular biomarkers for the early detection of heart disease, before their onset of symptoms, is an attractive novel approach. Ideal molecular biomarkers, those that are both sensitive and specific to heart disease, are likely to provide a much earlier diagnosis, thereby providing better treatment outcomes. Galectin-3 is expressed by various immune cells, including mast cells, histiocytes and macrophages, and plays an important role in diverse physiological functions. Since galectin-3 is readily expressed on the cell surface, and is readily secreted by injured and inflammatory cells, it has been suggested that cardiac galectin-3 could be a marker for cardiac disorders such as cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, depending on the specific pathogenesis. Thus, galectin-3 may be a novel candidate biomarker for the diagnosis, analysis and prognosis of various cardiac diseases, including heart failure. The goals of heart disease treatment are to prevent acute onset and to predict their occurrence by using the ideal molecular biomarkers. In this review, we discuss and summarize recent developments of galectin-3 as a next-generation molecular biomarker of heart disease. Furthermore, we describe how galectin-3 may be useful as a diagnostic marker for detecting the early stages of various heart diseases, which may contribute to improved early therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-230-6225
| | - Masayuki Niwa
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Kei Noguchi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Mikiko Matsuo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Takahiro Kuroda
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Oxidative Stress, Kinase Activity and Inflammatory Implications in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure under Hypobaric Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176421. [PMID: 32899304 PMCID: PMC7503689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High altitude (hypobaric hypoxia) triggers several mechanisms to compensate for the decrease in oxygen bioavailability. One of them is pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and its subsequent pulmonary arterial remodeling. These changes can lead to pulmonary hypertension and the development of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), right heart failure (RHF) and, ultimately to death. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent molecular pathways involved in the above conditions under this type of hypobaric hypoxia, including oxidative stress, inflammation, protein kinases activation and fibrosis, and the current therapeutic approaches for these conditions. This review also includes the current knowledge of long-term chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. Furthermore, this review highlights the signaling pathways related to oxidative stress (Nox-derived O2.- and H2O2), protein kinase (ERK5, p38α and PKCα) activation, inflammatory molecules (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-kB) and hypoxia condition (HIF-1α). On the other hand, recent therapeutic approaches have focused on abolishing hypoxia-induced RVH and RHF via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammatory (IL-1β, MCP-1, SDF-1 and CXCR-4) pathways through phytotherapy and pharmacological trials. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary.
Collapse
|
30
|
Han X, Liu P, Liu M, Wei Z, Fan S, Wang X, Sun S, Chu L. [6]-Gingerol Ameliorates ISO-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis through Inhibition of TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000003. [PMID: 32438504 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE [6]-Gingerol is one of the primary pungent constituents of ginger. While [6]-gingerol has many pharmacological effects, its benefits for myocardial fibrosis, including its exact role and underlying mechanisms, remain largely unexplored. The present study is designed to characterize the cardio-protective effects of [6]-gingerol in myocardial fibrosis mice and possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol (ISO, 10 mg kg-1 ) and gavaged with [6]-gingerol (10, 20 mg kg-1 day-1 ) for 14 days. Pathological alterations, fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation response, and apoptosis are examined. In ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis, [6]-gingerol treatment decreases the J-point, heart rate, cardiac weight index, left ventricle weight index, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase serum levels, calcium concentration, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and increases levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and GSH/GSSG. Further, [6]-gingerol improved ISO-induced morphological pathologies, inhibited inflammation and apoptosis, and suppressed the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION The protective effect of [6]-gingerol in mice with ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, potentially through the TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China.,Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050091, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Ziheng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Sen Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050018, China
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Shijiang Sun
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is associated with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, increasing its morbidity and mortality. Cardiac fibroblast is the keystone of fibrogenesis, being activated by numerous cellular and humoral factors. Macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, mast cells, and endothelial cells stimulate fibrogenesis directly by activating cardiac fibroblasts and indirectly by synthetizing various profibrotic molecules. The synthesis of type 1 and type 3 collagen, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin is rendered by various mechanisms like transforming growth factor-beta/small mothers against decapentaplegic pathway, renin angiotensin system, and estrogens, which in turn alter the extracellular matrix. Investigating the underlying mechanisms will allow the development of diagnostic and prognostic tools and discover novel specific therapies. Serum biomarkers aid in the diagnosis and tracking of cardiac fibrosis progression. The diagnostic gold standard is cardiac magnetic resonance with gadolinium administration that allows quantification of cardiac fibrosis either by late gadolinium enhancement assessment or by T1 mapping. Therefore, the goal is to stop and even reverse cardiac fibrosis by developing specific therapies that directly target fibrogenesis, in addition to the drugs used to treat heart failure. Cardiac resynchronization therapy had shown to revert myocardial remodeling and to reduce cardiac fibrosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of currently available data.
Collapse
|
32
|
Galectin-3 as a Next-Generation Biomarker for Detecting Early Stage of Various Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030389. [PMID: 32138174 PMCID: PMC7175224 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin which is important in numerous biological activities in various organs, including cell proliferation, apoptotic regulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and host defense. Galectin-3 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm and expressed on the cell surface, and then often secreted into biological fluids, like serum and urine. It is also released from injured cells and inflammatory cells under various pathological conditions. Many studies have revealed that galectin-3 plays an important role as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease, viral infection, autoimmune disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and tumor formation. In particular, it has been recognized that galectin-3 is extremely useful for detecting many of these diseases in their early stages. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize the recent literature focusing on the biomarker characteristics and long-term outcome predictions of galectin-3, in not only patients with various types of diseases, but associated animal models.
Collapse
|
33
|
Evaluation of galectin-3 in patients with heart failure and its relationship with NT-proBNP levels: A case-control study. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.680098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
34
|
Wang M, Lv Q, Zhao L, Wang Y, Luan Y, Li Z, Fu G, Zhang W. Metoprolol and bisoprolol ameliorate hypertrophy of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes induced by high glucose via the PKC/NF-κB/c-fos signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:871-882. [PMID: 32010247 PMCID: PMC6966202 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia caused by diabetes mellitus could increase the risk of diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, to the best of our knowledge, the underlying mechanism of this process is still not fully explored. Thus, developing ways to prevent hyperglycemia can be beneficial for diabetic patients. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of metoprolol and bisoprolol on the cardiomyocytic hypertrophy of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes were cultured in two types of media: One with low glucose levels and one with high glucose levels. Cardiomyocytes cultured in high glucose were further treated with the following: A protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, an NF-κB inhibitor, metoprolol or bisoprolol. The pulsatile frequency, cellular diameter and surface area of cardiomyocytes were measured. Protein content and [3H]-leucine incorporation were determined, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) mRNA levels were calculated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, while the expression and activation of PKC-α, PKC-β2, NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and c-fos were detected by western blotting. Metoprolol or bisoprolol were also used in combination with PKC inhibitor or NF-κB inhibitor to determine whether the hypertrophic response would be attenuated to a lower extent compared with metroprolol or bisoprolol alone. Cardiomyocytes cultured in high glucose presented increased pulsatile frequency, cellular diameter, surface area, and protein content and synthesis, higher expression of ANP and β-MHC, and lower α-MHC expression. High glucose levels also upregulated the expression and activation of PKC-α, PKC-β2, NF-κB, TNF-α and c-fos. Metoprolol and bisoprolol partly reversed the above changes, while combined use of metoprolol or bisoprolol with PKC inhibitor or NF-κB inhibitor further ameliorated the hypertrophic response mentioned above to lower levels compared with using metroprolol or bisoprolol alone. In conclusion, metoprolol and bisoprolol could prevent hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes cultured in high glucose by the inhibition of the total and phospho-PKC-α, which could further influence the PKC-α/NF-κB/c-fos signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Liding Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Freeberg MAT, Easa A, Lillis JA, Benoit DS, van Wijnen AJ, Awad HA. Transcriptomic Analysis of Cellular Pathways in Healing Flexor Tendons of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1/Serpine1) Null Mice. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:43-58. [PMID: 31424116 PMCID: PMC7364818 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Injuries to flexor tendons can be complicated by fibrotic adhesions, which severely impair the function of the hand. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1/SERPINE1), a master suppressor of fibrinolysis and protease activity, is associated with adhesions. Here, we used next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to assess genome-wide differences in messenger RNA expression due to PAI-1 deficiency after zone II flexor tendon injury. We used the ingenuity pathway analysis to characterize molecular pathways and biological drivers associated with differentially expressed genes (DEG). Analysis of hundreds of overlapping and DEG in PAI-1 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice (C57Bl/6J) during tendon healing revealed common and distinct biological processes. Pathway analysis identified cell proliferation, survival, and senescence, as well as chronic inflammation as potential drivers of fibrotic healing and adhesions in injured tendons. Importantly, we identified the activation of PTEN signaling and the inhibition of FOXO1-associated biological processes as unique transcriptional signatures of the healing tendon in the PAI-1/Serpine1 KO mice. Further, transcriptomic differences due to the genetic deletion of PAI-1 were mechanistically linked to PI3K/Akt/mTOR, PKC, and MAPK signaling cascades. These transcriptional observations provide novel insights into the biological roles of PAI-1 in tendon healing and could identify therapeutic targets to achieve scar-free regenerative healing of tendons. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:43-58, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. T. Freeberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Anas Easa
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jacquelyn A. Lillis
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Danielle S.W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Hani A. Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Favorable Response to CD34+ Cell Therapy Is Associated with a Decrease of Galectin-3 Levels in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:8636930. [PMID: 31885743 PMCID: PMC6925830 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8636930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 plasma levels (gal-3) were shown to correlate with the scar burden in chronic heart failure (CHF) setting. As scar burden predicts response to stem cell therapy, we sought to explore a correlation between gal-3 and response to CD34+ cell transplantation in patients with CHF. Methods We performed a post hoc analysis of patients, enrolled in 2 prospective trials investigating the clinical effects of CD34+ cell therapy in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP). CD34+ cells were mobilized by G-CSF, collected via apheresis, and injected transendocardially using NOGA system. Patients were followed for 3 months and demographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters and gal-3 were analyzed at baseline and at follow-up. Response to cell therapy was defined as an LVEF increase of ≥5%. Results 61 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of patients was 52 years and 83% were male. DCMP and ICMP were present in 69% and 31% of patients, respectively. The average serum creatinine was 86 ± 23 μmol/L, NT-proBNP 1132 (IQR 350-2279) pg/mL, and LVEF 30 ± 6%. Gal-3 at baseline and at 3 months did not differ significantly (13.4 ± 5.5 ng/mL vs. 13.1 ± 5.8 ng/mL; p = 0.72), and there were no differences in baseline gal-3 with respect to heart failure etiology (15.1 ± 7.2 ng/mL in ICMP vs. 12.7 ± 4.3 ng/mL in DCMP; p = 0.12). Comparing responders (N = 49) to nonresponders (N = 18), we found no differences in baseline gal-3 (13.6 ± 5.7 ng/mL vs. 13.2 ± 4.9 ng/mL; p = 0.80). However, responders had significantly lower gal-3 at 3-month follow-up (12.1 ± 4.0 ng/mL vs. 15.7 ± 8.4 ng/mL; p < 0.05). Also, responders demonstrated a significant decrease in gal-3 over 3 months, while in nonresponders, an increase in gal-3 occurred (−1.5 ± 5.4 ng/mL vs. +2.7 ± 4.3 ng/mL; p = 0.01). Conclusions In patients with chronic heart failure undergoing CD34+ cell therapy, a decrease in galectin-3 plasma levels is associated with beneficial response to this treatment modality. Further prospective data is warranted to confirm our findings and to deepen our understanding of the role of gal-3 in the field of stem cell therapy.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hu C, Yang J, Su HY, Waldron RT, Zhi M, Li L, Xia Q, Pandol SJ, Lugea A. Yes-Associated Protein 1 Plays Major Roles in Pancreatic Stellate Cell Activation and Fibroinflammatory Responses. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1467. [PMID: 31849712 PMCID: PMC6901825 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP), a transcriptional co-activator and major effector of the Hippo pathway, regulates cell differentiation and morphology in many cell types and supports aberrant tumor growth. Recent studies showed that YAP is expressed in pancreas tissues in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients and experimental models of PDAC, with YAP largely found in cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PaSC) in the stroma. Methods and Results: We studied here the role of YAP in the activated phenotype of PaSC. We found that YAP is expressed at low levels in normal mouse pancreas, but protein levels significantly increased after pancreas inflammatory damage induced by repeated cerulein administration in wild-type mice or upon initiation of neoplastic transformation of the pancreas parenchyma in Ptf1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D/+ (KC) mice. In these animal models, YAP upregulation occurred in parallel with activation and proliferation of PaSC. Consistent with these findings, we found robust YAP expression in culture-activated mouse and human PaSC but not in quiescent, freshly isolated cells. Fully activated PaSC isolated from KC mice or PDAC patient tissues exhibited robust nuclear YAP suggesting YAP transcriptional activity. Agents that induce quiescence such as the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) inhibitor iBET151 and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reduced YAP levels in PaSC. Stimulation of PaSC with the potent mitogen PDGF elicited marked YAP Ser127 phosphorylation. However, unexpectedly, this effect did not diminish YAP nuclear localization, suggesting that YAP phosphorylation at this site does not govern YAP cellular localization in PaSC. siRNA-mediated knockdown of YAP reduced PDGF-induced PaSC expansion in culture and blunted the persistent activation of Akt and ERK elicited by PDGF stimulation, supporting a role for YAP in PDGF-induced cell growth. YAP knockdown also blunted fibroinflammatory gene expression responses both in unstimulated and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)-stimulated PaSC. Conclusion: Our data suggest a central role for YAP in sustaining the activated phenotype and fibroinflammatory responses in PaSC. Moreover, our findings indicate that a complex crosstalk between YAP, TGFβ1, and PDGF pathways regulates PaSC activity and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jiayue Yang
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hsin-Yuan Su
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Richard T. Waldron
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mengmeng Zhi
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fulton DJR, Li X, Bordan Z, Wang Y, Mahboubi K, Rudic RD, Haigh S, Chen F, Barman SA. Galectin-3: A Harbinger of Reactive Oxygen Species, Fibrosis, and Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1053-1069. [PMID: 30767565 PMCID: PMC6767862 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease arising from the narrowing of pulmonary arteries (PAs) resulting in high pulmonary arterial blood pressure and ultimately right ventricle (RV) failure. A defining characteristic of PAH is the excessive and unrelenting inward remodeling of PAs that includes increased proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Critical Issues: There is no cure for PAH nor interventions that effectively arrest or reverse PA remodeling, and intensive research over the past several decades has sought to identify novel molecular mechanisms of therapeutic value. Recent Advances: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin remarkable for its chimeric structure, composed of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain. Gal-3 has been identified as a regulator of numerous changes in cell behavior that contributes to aberrant PA remodeling, including cell proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis, but its role in PAH has remained poorly understood until recently. In contrast, pathological roles for Gal-3 have been proposed in cancer and inflammatory and fibroproliferative disorders, such as pulmonary vascular and cardiac fibrosis. Herein, we summarize the recent literature on the role of Gal-3 in the development of PAH. We provide experimental evidence supporting the ability of Gal-3 to influence reactive oxygen species production, NADPH oxidase enzyme expression, and redox signaling, which have been shown to contribute to both vascular remodeling and increased pulmonary arterial pressure. Future Directions: While several preclinical studies suggest that Gal-3 promotes hypertensive pulmonary vascular remodeling, the clinical significance of Gal-3 in human PAH remains to be established. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J R Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xueyi Li
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zsuzsanna Bordan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yusi Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Keyvan Mahboubi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - R Daniel Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Stephen Haigh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Feng Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Scott A Barman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zarkasi KA, Jen-Kit T, Jubri Z. Molecular Understanding of the Cardiomodulation in Myocardial Infarction and the Mechanism of Vitamin E Protections. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1407-1426. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190130164334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
:
Myocardial infarction is a major cause of deaths globally. Modulation of several molecular
mechanisms occurs during the initial stages of myocardial ischemia prior to permanent cardiac tissue
damage, which involves both pathogenic as well as survival pathways in the cardiomyocyte. Currently,
there is increasing evidence regarding the cardioprotective role of vitamin E in alleviating the disease.
This fat-soluble vitamin does not only act as a powerful antioxidant; but it also has the ability to regulate
several intracellular signalling pathways including HIF-1, PPAR-γ, Nrf-2, and NF-κB that influence
the expression of a number of genes and their protein products. Essentially, it inhibits the molecular
progression of tissue damage and preserves myocardial tissue viability. This review aims to summarize
the molecular understanding of the cardiomodulation in myocardial infarction as well as the
mechanism of vitamin E protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Anwar Zarkasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tan Jen-Kit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zakiah Jubri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tseng HC, Lin CC, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced mitochondrial fission contributes to collagen production in human cardiac fibroblasts. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1573-1589. [PMID: 31363041 PMCID: PMC6718437 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) may accumulate in the heart to cause fibrotic events, which is mediated through fibroblast activation and collagen accumulation. Here, we evaluated the mechanisms underlying LPC-mediated collagen induction via mitochondrial events in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs), coupling application of the pharmacologic cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, celecoxib, and genetic mutations in FOXO1 on the fibrosis pathway. In HCFs, LPC caused prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/PGE2 receptor 4 (EP4)-dependent collagen induction via activation of transcriptional activity of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) on COX-2 gene expression. These responses were mediated through LPC-induced generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS), as confirmed by ex vivo studies, which indicated that LPC increased COX-2 expression and oxidative stress. LPC-induced mitoROS mediated the activation of protein kinase C (PKC)α, which interacted with and phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) at Ser616, thereby increasing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial depolarization. Furthermore, inhibition of PKCα and Drp1 reduced FoxO1-mediated phosphorylation at Ser256 and nuclear accumulation, which suppressed COX-2/PGE2 expression and collagen production. Moreover, pretreatment with celecoxib or COX-2 siRNA suppressed WT FoxO1; mutated Ser256-to-Asp256 FoxO1-enhanced collagen induction, which was reversed by addition of PGE2 Our results demonstrate that LPC-induced generation of mitoROS regulates PKCα-mediated Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and COX-2 expression via a PKCα/Drp1/FoxO1 cascade, leading to PGE2/EP4-mediated collagen induction. These findings provide new insights about the role of LPC in the pathway of fibrotic injury in HCFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ching Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan and Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan and Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthetics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan and Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Karadag DT, Sahin T, Tekeoglu S, Işik OO, Yazici A, Eraldemir FC, Cefle A. Evaluation of left and right ventricle by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in systemic sclerosis patients without overt cardiac disease. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:37-48. [PMID: 31127462 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the left and right ventricular functions concurrently by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients without overt cardiac disease. METHODS A total of 47 patients with SSc and 36 age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated cross-sectionally. Two-dimensional STE was used to assess the longitudinal peak systolic strains (PSS) of both ventricles including apical long-axis (APLAX), apical four-chamber (4-CH), apical two-chamber (2-CH), and global longitudinal measurements. Any association of metabolic, cardiac, and inflammatory biomarkers with PSS was investigated. RESULTS The longitudinal PSS of the left ventricle [APLAX, 4-CH, 2-CH and global] were significantly lower in SSc patients than controls (- 18.2 ± 3.2 vs - 19.8 ± 2.7% p = 0.02; - 17.8 ± 3.5 vs. - 20.3 ± 3.3% p = 0.001; - 18.6 ± 3.1 vs. - 21.8 ± 3% p < 0.001; - 17.5 ± 5.7 vs. - 20.6 ± 2.7% p = 0.003, respectively). No difference was found between the groups for right ventricular strains. The longitudinal PSS-4CH correlated positively with CRP and ESR (r = 0.349, p = 0.016; r = 0.356, p = 0.014, respectively) and negatively with serum Galectin-3 (r = - 0.362, p = 0.012). Global longitudinal PSS-left ventricle (LV) correlated positively with CRP and homocysteine (r = 0.297, p = 0.043; r = 0.313, p = 0.041, respectively) and negatively with serum Galectin-3 (r = -0.314, p = 0.041). After multivariable adjustment, CRP remained the only predictor of longitudinal PSS-4CH (95% CI 0.35, 0.70, p = 0.028) and global longitudinal PSS of left ventricle (95% CI 0.004, 0.22, p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Biventricular evaluation of patients with SSc by two dimensional STE revealed reduced left ventricular longitudinal strains, despite preserved right ventricular strain, and no diastolic dysfunction. In SSc without overt cardiac disease, global cardiac assessment with 2DSTE is a promising method which seems to contribute to the detection of patients without clinical findings. KEY POINTS • Two dimensional STE revealed reduced left ventricular longitudinal strains, despite preserved right ventricular strain in SSc patients without overt cardiac disease. • CRP was the predictor of decreased longitudinal strains. • Cardiac assessment in SSc should be made globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Temiz Karadag
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Tayfun Sahin
- Division of Cardiology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Senem Tekeoglu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Işik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayten Yazici
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Ayse Cefle
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yin L, Fang Y, Song T, Lv D, Wang Z, Zhu L, Zhao Z, Yin X. FBXL10 regulates cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy via the PKC β2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2558-2567. [PMID: 30701683 PMCID: PMC6433654 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition associated with significant structural changes including cardiac tissue necrosis, localized fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. This study sought to assess whether and how FBXL10 can attenuate DCM using a rat streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced DCM model system. In the current study, we found that FBXL10 expression was significantly decreased in diabetic rat hearts. FBXL10 protected cells from high glucose (HG)‐induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in vitro. In addition, FBXL10 significantly activated PKC β2 signaling pathway in H9c2 cells and rat model. The cardiomyocyte‐specific overexpression of FBXL10 at 12 weeks after the initial STZ administration attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby reducing cardiomyocyte death and preserving cardiac function in these animals. Moreover, FBXL10 protected against DCM via activation of the PKC β2 pathway. In conclusion, FBXL has the therapeutic potential for the treatment of DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Fang
- Department of Digestive, Heilongjiang Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihui Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinhua Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhong X, Qian X, Chen G, Song X. The role of galectin-3 in heart failure and cardiovascular disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:197-203. [PMID: 30372548 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhong
- Cardiovascular Center; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Xiaoqian Qian
- Department of Nephrology; Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiology; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Xiang Song
- Cardiovascular Center; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stoica A, Şorodoc V, Lionte C, Jaba IM, Costache I, Anisie E, Tuchiluș C, Rusalim Petriș O, Sîrbu O, Jaba E, Ceasovschih A, Vâţă L, Şorodoc L. Acute cardiac dyspnea in the emergency department: diagnostic value of N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide and galectin-3. J Int Med Res 2018; 47:159-172. [PMID: 30222016 PMCID: PMC6384479 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518798257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to determine whether a dual-biomarker approach using N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and galectin-3 optimizes the diagnosis and risk stratification of acute cardiac dyspnea. Atypical clinical manifestations and overlapping pathologies require objective and effective diagnostic methods to avoid treatment delays. METHODS This prospective observational study included 208 patients who presented to the emergency department for acute dyspnea. NT-proBNP and galectin-3 were measured upon admission. The patients were divided into two groups according to the etiology of their clinical manifestations: cardiac and non-cardiac dyspnea. The patients' New York Heart Association functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction, and discharge status were assessed. RESULTS Diagnostic criteria for acute heart failure were fulfilled in 61.1% of the patients. NT-proBNP and galectin-3 were strongly and significantly correlated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed similar areas under the curve for both markers in the entire group of patients as well as in the high-risk subsets of patients. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic performance of NT-proBNP and galectin-3 is comparable for both the total population and high-risk subsets. Galectin-3 adds diagnostic value to the conventional NT-proBNP in patients with acute cardiac dyspnea, and its utility is of major interest in uncertain clinical situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stoica
- 1 Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania.,2 Sf. Spiridon Emergency Hospital Iași, Romania
| | - Victoriţa Şorodoc
- 1 Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania.,2 Sf. Spiridon Emergency Hospital Iași, Romania
| | - Cătălina Lionte
- 1 Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania.,2 Sf. Spiridon Emergency Hospital Iași, Romania
| | - Irina M Jaba
- 1 Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Irina Costache
- 1 Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania.,2 Sf. Spiridon Emergency Hospital Iași, Romania
| | | | - Cristina Tuchiluș
- 1 Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania.,2 Sf. Spiridon Emergency Hospital Iași, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Rusalim Petriș
- 1 Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania.,2 Sf. Spiridon Emergency Hospital Iași, Romania
| | - Oana Sîrbu
- 1 Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania.,2 Sf. Spiridon Emergency Hospital Iași, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Jaba
- 3 Statistics Department, FEAA, "Al. I. Cuza" University Iași, Romania
| | - Alexandr Ceasovschih
- 1 Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania.,2 Sf. Spiridon Emergency Hospital Iași, Romania
| | - Luminiţa Vâţă
- 1 Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania.,2 Sf. Spiridon Emergency Hospital Iași, Romania
| | - Laurenţiu Şorodoc
- 1 Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania.,2 Sf. Spiridon Emergency Hospital Iași, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Asensio-Lopez MDC, Lax A, Fernandez Del Palacio MJ, Sassi Y, Hajjar RJ, Pascual-Figal DA. Pharmacological inhibition of the mitochondrial NADPH oxidase 4/PKCα/Gal-3 pathway reduces left ventricular fibrosis following myocardial infarction. Transl Res 2018; 199:4-23. [PMID: 29753686 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the initial reparative fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) is crucial for preventing rupture of the ventricular wall, an exaggerated fibrotic response and reactive fibrosis outside the injured area are detrimental. Although metformin prevents adverse cardiac remodeling, as well as provides glycemic control, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly documented. This study describes the effect of mitochondrial NADPH oxidase 4 (mitoNox) and protein kinase C-alpha (PKCα) on the cardiac fibrosis and galectin 3 (Gal-3) expression. Randomly rats underwent MI, received metformin or saline solution. A model of biomechanical strain and co-culturewas used to enable cross talk between cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Long-term metformin treatment after MIwas associated with (1) a reduction in myocardial fibrosis and Gal-3 levels; (2) an increase in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1/α2 levels; and (3) an inhibition of both mRNA expression and enzymatic activities of mitoNox and PKCα. These findings were replicated in the cellular model, where the silencing of AMPK expression blocked the ability of metformin to protect cardiomyocytes from strain. The use of specific inhibitors or small interference RNA provided evidence that PKCα is downstream of mitoNox, and that the activation of this pathway results in Gal-3 upregulation.The Gal-3 secreted by cardiomyocytes has a paracrine effect on cardiac fibroblasts, inducing their activation. In conclusion, a metformin-induced increase in AMPK improves myocardial remodeling post-MI, which is related to the inhibition of the mitoNox/PKCα/Gal-3 pathway. Manipulation of this pathway might offer new therapeutic options against adverse cardiac remodeling, in terms of preventing the activation of the present fibroblast population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Lax
- Biomedical Research Institute Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Yassine Sassi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Domingo A Pascual-Figal
- Cardiology Department, Clinic and Universitary Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; CIBER in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shi G, Yang X, Pan M, Sun J, Ke H, Zhang C, Geng H. Apixaban attenuates ischemia-induced myocardial fibrosis by inhibition of Gq/PKC signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:550-556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
47
|
Abstract
Galectin-3 plays a role in tissue inflammation, repair, and fibrosis. This article specifically focuses on heart failure (HF), in which galectin-3 has been shown to be a useful biomarker in prognosis and risk stratification, especially in HF with preserved ejection fraction. Experimental research has shown that galectin-3 directly induces pathologic remodeling of the heart, and is therefore considered a culprit protein in the development of cardiac fibrosis in HF, with potentially relevant clinical implications. In summary, galectin-3 is a biomarker and biotarget in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis and future research will target galectin-3-centered diseases.
Collapse
|
48
|
Suthahar N, Meijers WC, Silljé HH, Ho JE, Liu FT, de Boer RA. Galectin-3 Activation and Inhibition in Heart Failure and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update. Theranostics 2018; 8:593-609. [PMID: 29344292 PMCID: PMC5771079 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a versatile protein orchestrating several physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human body. In the last decade, considerable interest in galectin-3 has emerged because of its potential role as a biotarget. Galectin-3 is differentially expressed depending on the tissue type, however its expression can be induced under conditions of tissue injury or stress. Galectin-3 overexpression and secretion is associated with several diseases and is extensively studied in the context of fibrosis, heart failure, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Monomeric (extracellular) galectin-3 usually undergoes further "activation" which significantly broadens the spectrum of biological activity mainly by modifying its carbohydrate-binding properties. Self-interactions of this protein appear to play a crucial role in regulating the extracellular activities of this protein, however there is limited and controversial data on the mechanisms involved. We therefore summarize (recent) literature in this area and describe galectin-3 from a binding perspective providing novel insights into mechanisms by which galectin-3 is known to be "activated" and how such activation may be regulated in pathophysiological scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navin Suthahar
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter C. Meijers
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Herman H.W. Silljé
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer E. Ho
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pan L, Sheng M, Huang Z, Zhu Z, Xu C, Teng L, He L, Gu C, Yi C, Li J. Zinc-finger protein 418 overexpression protects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186635. [PMID: 29065170 PMCID: PMC5655480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigated the effect and mechanism of zinc-finger protein 418 (ZNF418) on cardiac hypertrophy caused by aortic banding (AB), phenylephrine (PE) or angiotensin II (Ang II) in vivo and in vitro. Methods The expression of ZNF418 in hearts of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and AB-induced cardiac hypertrophy mice, as well as in Ang II- or PE-induced hypertrophic primary cardiomyocytes was detected by western blotting. Then, the expression of ZNF418 was up-regulated or down-regulated in AB-induced cardiac hypertrophy mice and Ang II -induced hypertrophic primary cardiomyocytes. The hypertrophic responses and fibrosis were evaluated by echocardiography and histological analysis. The mRNA levels of hypertrophy markers and fibrotic markers were detected by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, the phosphorylation and total levels of c-Jun were measured by western blotting. Results ZNF418 was markedly down-regulated in hearts of cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophic primary cardiomyocytes. Down-regulated ZNF418 exacerbated the myocyte size and fibrosis, moreover increased the mRNA levels of ANP, BNP, β-MHC, MCIP1.4, collagen 1a, collagen III, MMP-2 and fibronection in hearts of AB-treated ZNF418 knockout mice or Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes with AdshZNF418. Conversely, these hypertrophic responses were reduced in the ZNF418 transgenic (TG) mice treated by AB and the AdZNF418-transfected primary cardiomyocytes treated by Ang II. Additionally, the deficiency of ZNF418 enhanced the phosphorylation level of c-jun, and overexpression of ZNF418 suppressed the phosphorylation level of c-jun in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion ZNF418 maybe attenuate hypertrophic responses by inhibiting the activity of c-jun/AP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Mengting Sheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit(ICU), the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Zirui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Zhilin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Chunli Xu
- Department of Inspection office, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Lin Teng
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences of Three Gorges University/ Central People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Geriatrics, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Chen Gu
- Department of B ultrasound room, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Cai Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Junming Li
- Department of Cardiology, the People’s Hospital of Three Gorges University/the First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
AbstractMyocardial fibrosis is observed in many cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, heart failure and cardiomyopathy. Myocardial fibrosis has been proved to be reversible and treatable only under timely intervention, which makes early detection and assessment of fibrosis crucial. Aside from tissue biopsy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis, circulating biomarkers have been adopted as noninvasive assessment of this lesion. Dysregulated collagen deposition is thought to be the major cause of myocardial fibrosis. Collagens, procollagens, TGF-β, TIMP, galectin-3, and microRNAs are thought to be indicators of myocardial fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the molecules that are frequently used as biomarkers in diagnosis of cardiac fibrosis. Mechanisms of fibrosis that they take part in are also introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe An
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun130061, China
| | - Haikuo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| |
Collapse
|