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Song F, Zhang Z, Liu W, Xu T, Hu X, Wang Q, Zhang W, Ge L, Zhang C, Hu Q, Qin H, Zhang S, Ren X, Fan W, Zhang Y, Huang P. Peptide Transporter 1-Mediated Dipeptide Transport Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis by Activating MAP4K4/G3BP2 Signaling Axis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306671. [PMID: 38639383 PMCID: PMC11200092 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To meet the rapid malignant growth and transformation, tumor cells dramatically increase the consumption of nutrients, such as amino acids. Peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), a key transporter for small peptides, has been found to be an effective and energy-saving intracellular source of amino acids that are required for the growth of tumor cells. Here, the role of PEPT1 in HCC metastasis and its underlying mechanisms is explored. PEPT1 is upregulated in HCC cells and tissues, and high PEPT1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. PEPT1 overexpression dramatically promoted HCC cell migration, invasion, and lung metastasis, whereas its knockdown abolished these effects both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic analysis revealed that high PEPT1 expression increased cellular dipeptides in HCC cells that are responsible for activating the MAP4K4/G3BP2 signaling pathway, ultimately facilitating the phosphorylation of G3BP2 at Thr227 and enhancing HCC metastasis. Taken together, these findings suggest that PEPT1 acts as an oncogene in promoting HCC metastasis through dipeptide-induced MAP4K4/G3BP2 signaling and that the PEPT1/MAP4K4/G3BP2 axis can serve as a promising therapeutic target for metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifeng Song
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for malignant tumorHangzhou310014China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Tong Xu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for malignant tumorHangzhou310014China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
| | - Qiyue Wang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
| | - Luqi Ge
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasion SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
| | - Qing Hu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
| | - Hui Qin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
| | - Song Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for malignant tumorHangzhou310014China
| | - Xinxin Ren
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
| | - Weijiao Fan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for malignant tumorHangzhou310014China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for malignant tumorHangzhou310014China
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Liboy-Lugo JM, Espinoza CA, Sheu-Gruttadauria J, Park JE, Xu A, Jowhar Z, Gao AL, Carmona-Negrón JA, Wittmann T, Jura N, Floor SN. Protein-protein interactions with G3BPs drive stress granule condensation and gene expression changes under cellular stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.579149. [PMID: 38370785 PMCID: PMC10871250 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are macromolecular assemblies that form under cellular stress. Formation of these condensates is driven by the condensation of RNA and RNA-binding proteins such as G3BPs. G3BPs condense into SGs following stress-induced translational arrest. Three G3BP paralogs (G3BP1, G3BP2A, and G3BP2B) have been identified in vertebrates. However, the contribution of different G3BP paralogs to stress granule formation and stress-induced gene expression changes is incompletely understood. Here, we identified key residues for G3BP condensation such as V11. This conserved amino acid is required for formation of the G3BP-Caprin-1 complex, hence promoting SG assembly. Total RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling revealed that disruption of G3BP condensation corresponds to changes in mRNA levels and ribosome engagement during the integrated stress response (ISR). Moreover, we found that G3BP2B preferentially condenses and promotes changes in mRNA expression under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Together, this work suggests that stress granule assembly promotes changes in gene expression under cellular stress, which is differentially regulated by G3BP paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Liboy-Lugo
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carla A. Espinoza
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jessica Sheu-Gruttadauria
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jesslyn E. Park
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Albert Xu
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ziad Jowhar
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Angela L. Gao
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - José A. Carmona-Negrón
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Torsten Wittmann
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephen N. Floor
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Li M, Fan X, Zhao J, Wang D. Establishment and Validation of a Four-stress Granule-related Gene Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:1-14. [PMID: 38250470 PMCID: PMC10794267 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Stress granules (SGs) as membrane-less cytoplasmic foci formed in response to unfavorable external stimuli could promote cancer cells to adapt to hostile environments. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is prone to be highly aggressive once diagnosed, which markedly reduces patient survival time. Therefore, it is crucial to develop valid diagnostic markers to prognosticate HCC patient prognosis, which promotes individualized precision therapeutics in HCC. Considering the pro-tumorigenic activity of SGs, it is of great potential value to construct a prognostic tool for HCC based on the expression profiles of SG-related genes (SGGs). Methods Bioinformatic analysis was employed to establish an SGG-based prognostic signature. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to assess the expression patterns of the related SGGs. Loss-of-function experiments were performed to analyze the effect of the SGGs on SG formation and cell survival. Results A four-SGG signature (KPNA2, MEX3A, WDR62, and SFN) targeting HCC was established and validated to exhibit a robust performance in predicting HCC prognosis. Consistently, all four genes were further found to be highly expressed in human HCC tissues. More important, we demonstrated that individually knocking down the four SGGs significantly reduced HCC cell proliferation and metastasis by compromising the SG formation process. Conclusions We developed an SGG-based predictive signature that can be used as an independent prognostic tool for HCC. The strong predictive power of this signature was further elucidated by the carcinogenic activity of KPNA2, MEX3A, WDR62, and SFN in HCC cells by regulating SG formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Wang Y, Li Z, Liang X, Zhou Y, Liang J. Nuclear Localization of G3BP6 Is Essential for the Flowering Transition in Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1697. [PMID: 38136569 PMCID: PMC10742247 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP) belongs to the highly conserved family of RNA-binding proteins, which has been well-investigated in humans and animals. However, limited study of plant G3BP has been reported, and the precise biological function of the G3BP family has not been elucidated yet. In this study, the Arabidopsis G3BP family, comprising seven members, was comparatively analyzed. Transcriptome analysis showed that most G3BP genes are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues/organs. Transient expression analysis revealed that all G3BPs were presented in the cytoplasm, among which G3BP6 was additionally found in the nucleus. Further study revealed a conserved NLS motif required for the nuclear localization of G3BP6. Additionally, phenotypic analysis revealed that loss-of-function g3bp6 presented late-flowering phenotypes. RNA-sequencing analysis and qRT-PCR assays demonstrated that the expressions of abundant floral genes were significantly altered in g3bp6 plants. We also discovered that overexpression of G3BP6 in the nucleus, rather than in the cytoplasm, propelled bolting. Furthermore, we revealed that the scaffold protein Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) interacted with and modulated the nuclear localization of G3BP6. Altogether, this study sheds new light on G3BP6 and its specific role in regulating the flowering transition in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crop, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoju Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forest University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yeling Zhou
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiansheng Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Wan J, Zhang Z, Wu C, Tian S, Zang Y, Jin G, Sun Q, Wang P, Luan X, Yang Y, Zhan X, Ye LL, Duan DD, Liu X, Zhang W. Astragaloside IV derivative HHQ16 ameliorates infarction-induced hypertrophy and heart failure through degradation of lncRNA4012/9456. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:414. [PMID: 37857609 PMCID: PMC10587311 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversing ventricular remodeling represents a promising treatment for the post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF). Here, we report a novel small molecule HHQ16, an optimized derivative of astragaloside IV, which effectively reversed infarction-induced myocardial remodeling and improved cardiac function by directly acting on the cardiomyocyte to reverse hypertrophy. The effect of HHQ16 was associated with a strong inhibition of a newly discovered Egr2-affiliated transcript lnc9456 in the heart. While minimally expressed in normal mouse heart, lnc9456 was dramatically upregulated in the heart subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LADL) and in cardiomyocytes subjected to hypertrophic stimulation. The critical role of lnc9456 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was confirmed by specific overexpression and knockout in vitro. A physical interaction between lnc9456 and G3BP2 increased NF-κB nuclear translocation, triggering hypertrophy-related cascades. HHQ16 physically bound to lnc9456 with a high-affinity and induced its degradation. Cardiomyocyte-specific lnc9456 overexpression induced, but knockout prevented LADL-induced, cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. HHQ16 reversed the effect of lnc9456 overexpression while lost its protective role when lnc9456 was deleted, further confirming lnc9456 as the bona fide target of HHQ16. We further identified the human ortholog of lnc9456, also an Egr2-affiliated transcript, lnc4012. Similarly, lnc4012 was significantly upregulated in hypertrophied failing hearts of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. HHQ16 also specifically bound to lnc4012 and caused its degradation and antagonized its hypertrophic effects. Targeted degradation of pathological increased lnc4012/lnc9456 by small molecules might serve as a novel promising strategy to regress infarction-induced cardiac hypertrophy and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chennan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Saisai Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yibei Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ge Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- China Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Pin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yili Yang
- China Regional Research Centre, International Centre of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Taizhou, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhan
- China Regional Research Centre, International Centre of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Taizhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lingyu Linda Ye
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Dayue Darrel Duan
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases and Precision Medicine, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, PR China.
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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Mukhopadhyay C, Zhou P. Role(s) of G3BPs in Human Pathogenesis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:100-110. [PMID: 37468286 PMCID: PMC10519580 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding proteins (G3BP) are RNA binding proteins that play a critical role in stress granule (SG) formation. SGs protect critical mRNAs from various environmental stress conditions by regulating mRNA stability and translation to maintain regulated gene expression. Recent evidence suggests that G3BPs can also regulate mRNA expression through interactions with RNA outside of SGs. G3BPs have been associated with a number of disease states, including cancer progression, invasion, metastasis, and viral infections, and may be useful as a cancer therapeutic target. This review summarizes the biology of G3BP including their structure, function, localization, role in cancer progression, virus replication, mRNA stability, and SG formation. We will also discuss the potential of G3BPs as a therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review will discuss the molecular mechanism(s) and functional role(s) of Ras-GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding proteins in the context of stress granule formation, interaction with viruses, stability of RNA, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
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7
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Wang C, Terrigno M, Li J, Distler T, Pandya NJ, Ebeling M, Tyanova S, Hoozemans JJM, Dijkstra AA, Fuchs L, Xiang S, Bonni A, Grüninger F, Jagasia R. Increased G3BP2-Tau interaction in tauopathies is a natural defense against Tau aggregation. Neuron 2023; 111:2660-2674.e9. [PMID: 37385246 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Many RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), particularly those associated with RNA granules, promote pathological protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we demonstrate that G3BP2, a core component of stress granules, directly interacts with Tau and inhibits Tau aggregation. In the human brain, the interaction of G3BP2 and Tau is dramatically increased in multiple tauopathies, and it is independent of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Surprisingly, Tau pathology is significantly elevated upon loss of G3BP2 in human neurons and brain organoids. Moreover, we found that G3BP2 masks the microtubule-binding region (MTBR) of Tau, thereby inhibiting Tau aggregation. Our study defines a novel role for RBPs as a line of defense against Tau aggregation in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwei Wang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Terrigno
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juan Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Tania Distler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikhil J Pandya
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ebeling
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefka Tyanova
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anke A Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luisa Fuchs
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shengqi Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Azad Bonni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Grüninger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ravi Jagasia
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Dong R, Li X, Flores AD, Lai KO. The translation initiating factor eIF4E and arginine methylation underlie G3BP1 function in dendritic spine development of neurons. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105029. [PMID: 37442236 PMCID: PMC10432808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between neurons relies on neurotransmission that takes place at synapses. Excitatory synapses are located primarily on dendritic spines that possess diverse morphologies, ranging from elongated filopodia to mushroom-shaped spines. Failure in the proper development of dendritic spines has detrimental consequences on neuronal connectivity, but the molecular mechanism that controls the balance of filopodia and mushroom spines is not well understood. G3BP1 is the key RNA-binding protein that assembles the stress granules in non-neuronal cells to adjust protein synthesis upon exogenous stress. Emerging evidence suggests that the biological significance of G3BP1 extends beyond its role in stress response, especially in the nervous system. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation and function of G3BP1 in neurons remains elusive. Here we found that G3BP1 suppresses protein synthesis and binds to the translation initiation factor eIF4E via its NTF2-like domain. Notably, the over-production of filopodia caused by G3BP1 depletion can be alleviated by blocking the formation of the translation initiation complex. We further found that the interaction of G3BP1 with eIF4E is regulated by arginine methylation. Knockdown of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT8 leads to elevated protein synthesis and filopodia production, which is reversed by the expression of methylation-mimetic G3BP1. Our study, therefore, reveals arginine methylation as a key regulatory mechanism of G3BP1 during dendritic spine morphogenesis and identifies eIF4E as a novel downstream target of G3BP1 in neuronal development independent of stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angelo D Flores
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-On Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Koppenol R, Conceição A, Afonso IT, Afonso-Reis R, Costa RG, Tomé S, Teixeira D, da Silva JP, Côdesso JM, Brito DVC, Mendonça L, Marcelo A, Pereira de Almeida L, Matos CA, Nóbrega C. The stress granule protein G3BP1 alleviates spinocerebellar ataxia-associated deficits. Brain 2023; 146:2346-2363. [PMID: 36511898 PMCID: PMC10232246 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine diseases are a group of neurodegenerative disorders caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeat tracts in the codifying regions of nine, otherwise unrelated, genes. While the protein products of these genes are suggested to play diverse cellular roles, the pathogenic mutant proteins bearing an expanded polyglutamine sequence share a tendency to self-assemble, aggregate and engage in abnormal molecular interactions. Understanding the shared paths that link polyglutamine protein expansion to the nervous system dysfunction and the degeneration that takes place in these disorders is instrumental to the identification of targets for therapeutic intervention. Among polyglutamine diseases, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) share many common aspects, including the fact that they involve dysfunction of the cerebellum, resulting in ataxia. Our work aimed at exploring a putative new therapeutic target for the two forms of SCA with higher worldwide prevalence, SCA type 2 (SCA2) and type 3 (SCA3), which are caused by expanded forms of ataxin-2 (ATXN2) and ataxin-3 (ATXN3), respectively. The pathophysiology of polyglutamine diseases has been described to involve an inability to properly respond to cell stress. We evaluated the ability of GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), an RNA-binding protein involved in RNA metabolism regulation and stress responses, to counteract SCA2 and SCA3 pathology, using both in vitro and in vivo disease models. Our results indicate that G3BP1 overexpression in cell models leads to a reduction of ATXN2 and ATXN3 aggregation, associated with a decrease in protein expression. This protective effect of G3BP1 against polyglutamine protein aggregation was reinforced by the fact that silencing G3bp1 in the mouse brain increases human expanded ATXN2 and ATXN3 aggregation. Moreover, a decrease of G3BP1 levels was detected in cells derived from patients with SCA2 and SCA3, suggesting that G3BP1 function is compromised in the context of these diseases. In lentiviral mouse models of SCA2 and SCA3, G3BP1 overexpression not only decreased protein aggregation but also contributed to the preservation of neuronal cells. Finally, in an SCA3 transgenic mouse model with a severe ataxic phenotype, G3BP1 lentiviral delivery to the cerebellum led to amelioration of several motor behavioural deficits. Overall, our results indicate that a decrease in G3BP1 levels may be a contributing factor to SCA2 and SCA3 pathophysiology, and that administration of this protein through viral vector-mediated delivery may constitute a putative approach to therapy for these diseases, and possibly other polyglutamine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Koppenol
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedial Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Conceição
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedial Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Inês T Afonso
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Afonso-Reis
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rafael G Costa
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Tomé
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo Teixeira
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | | | - José Miguel Côdesso
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedial Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - David V C Brito
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Liliana Mendonça
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Marcelo
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Matos
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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Zhou H, Luo J, Mou K, Peng L, Li X, Lei Y, Wang J, Lin S, Luo Y, Xiang L. Stress granules: functions and mechanisms in cancer. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:86. [PMID: 37179344 PMCID: PMC10182661 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are non-enveloped structures formed primarily via protein and RNA aggregation under various stress conditions, including hypoxia and viral infection, as well as oxidative, osmotic, and heat-shock stress. SGs assembly is a highly conserved cellular strategy to reduce stress-related damage and promote cell survival. At present, the composition and dynamics of SGs are well understood; however, data on the functions and related mechanisms of SGs are limited. In recent years, SGs have continued to attract attention as emerging players in cancer research. Intriguingly, SGs regulate the biological behavior of tumors by participating in various tumor-associated signaling pathways, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, radiotherapy resistance, and immune escape. This review discusses the roles and mechanisms of SGs in tumors and suggests novel directions for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kelin Mou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yulin Lei
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.
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11
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Feng Z, Mao Z, Yang Z, Liu X, Nakamura F. The force-dependent filamin A-G3BP1 interaction regulates phase-separated stress granule formation. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:297259. [PMID: 36806943 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNA) is an actin crosslinking protein that mediates mechanotransduction. External and internal mechanical forces, through the actin cytoskeleton, can induce conformational changes of the FLNA molecule to expose cryptic binding sites for its binding partners. Here, we identified Ras GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) as a new FLNA mechanobinding partner. Unlike other FLNA binding partners to the mechanosensing domain repeat 21 (R21), G3BP1 requires an additional neighboring repeat R22 to interact. We demonstrated that their interaction occurs in the cytosol of living cells in an actin polymerization-dependent manner. We also mapped the FLNA-binding site on G3BP1 and found that a F360A point mutation in the RNA recognition motif disrupts the interaction. RNA interfered with the FLNA-G3BP1 interaction, and FLNA did not localize in RNA-rich stress granules (SGs). Disruption of the interaction was sufficient to promote phase-separated SG formation, and arsenite treatment further stimulated the formation of SGs. Taken together, these data identify G3BP1 as a new mechanobinding protein that interacts with the FLNA mechanosensing domain R21 and suggest that SG formation is partially regulated by mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Life Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhenfeng Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Life Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Life Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Life Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Life Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
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12
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Liu B, Zhang J, Meng X, Xie SM, Liu F, Chen H, Yao D, Li M, Guo M, Shen H, Zhang X, Xing L. HDAC6-G3BP2 promotes lysosomal-TSC2 and suppresses mTORC1 under ETV4 targeting-induced low-lactate stress in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:1181-1195. [PMID: 36823378 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
TSC-mTORC1 inhibition-mediated translational reprogramming is a major adaptation mechanism upon many stresses, such as low-oxygen, -ATP, and -amino acids. But how cancer cells hijack the adaptive pathway to survive under low-lactate stress when targeting glycolysis-related signaling remains uncertain. ETV4 is an oncogenic transcription factor frequently dysregulated in human cancer. We previously found that ETV4 is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we report that ETV4 controls HK1 expression and glycolysis-lactate production to activate mTORC1 by relieving TSC2 repression of Rheb in NSCLC cells. Targeting ETV4-induced low-lactate stress is an important input for TSC2 to inhibit mTORC1 and global protein synthesis, while the core stress granule components G3BP2 and HDAC6 are selectively translated. Mechanistically, G3BP2 recruits lysosomal-TSC2 to suppress mTORC1. HDAC6 deacetylates TSC2 to sustain protein stability and associates with G3BP2 to facilitate more recruiting of TSC2 to inactivate mTORC1. In addition, the microtubule retrograde transport activity of HDAC6 drives the aggregate-like perinuclear-mTOR distribution paralleled by lower mTORC1 activity under stress. Thus, HDAC6-G3BP2 is the key complex that promotes lysosomal-TSC2 and suppresses mTORC1 when targeting ETV4, which might represent a critical adaptive mechanism for cell survival under low-lactate challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Shelly M Xie
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Heli Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Demin Yao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Minglei Li
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Minghui Guo
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.,Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.,Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.,Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lingxiao Xing
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China. .,Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
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13
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Sheehan CT, Hampton TH, Madden DR. Tryptophan mutations in G3BP1 tune the stability of a cellular signaling hub by weakening transient interactions with Caprin1 and USP10. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102552. [PMID: 36183834 PMCID: PMC9723946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) often coordinate transient interactions with multiple proteins to mediate complex signals within large protein networks. Among these, the IDP hub protein G3BP1 can form complexes with cytoplasmic phosphoprotein Caprin1 and ubiquitin peptidase USP10; the resulting control of USP10 activity contributes to a pathogenic virulence system that targets endocytic recycling of the ion channel CFTR. However, while the identities of protein interactors are known for many IDP hub proteins, the relationship between pairwise affinities and the extent of protein recruitment and activity is not well understood. Here, we describe in vitro analysis of these G3BP1 affinities and show tryptophan substitutions of specific G3BP1 residues reduce its affinity for both USP10 and Caprin1. We show that these same mutations reduce the stability of complexes between the full-length proteins, suggesting that copurification can serve as a surrogate measure of interaction strength. The crystal structure of G3BP1 TripleW (F15W/F33W/F124W) mutant reveals a clear reorientation of the side chain of W33, creating a steric clash with USP10 and Caprin1. Furthermore, an amino-acid scan of USP10 and Caprin1 peptides reveals similarities and differences in the ability to substitute residues in the core motifs as well as specific substitutions with the potential to create higher affinity peptides. Taken together, these data show that small changes in component binding affinities can have significant effects on the composition of cellular interaction hubs. These specific protein mutations can be harnessed to manipulate complex protein networks, informing future investigations into roles of these networks in cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T Sheehan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Thomas H Hampton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Dean R Madden
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
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14
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Krokowski D, Jobava R, Szkop KJ, Chen CW, Fu X, Venus S, Guan BJ, Wu J, Gao Z, Banaszuk W, Tchorzewski M, Mu T, Ropelewski P, Merrick WC, Mao Y, Sevval AI, Miranda H, Qian SB, Manifava M, Ktistakis NT, Vourekas A, Jankowsky E, Topisirovic I, Larsson O, Hatzoglou M. Stress-induced perturbations in intracellular amino acids reprogram mRNA translation in osmoadaptation independently of the ISR. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111092. [PMID: 35858571 PMCID: PMC9491157 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) plays a pivotal role in adaptation of translation machinery to cellular stress. Here, we demonstrate an ISR-independent osmoadaptation mechanism involving reprogramming of translation via coordinated but independent actions of mTOR and plasma membrane amino acid transporter SNAT2. This biphasic response entails reduced global protein synthesis and mTOR signaling followed by translation of SNAT2. Induction of SNAT2 leads to accumulation of amino acids and reactivation of mTOR and global protein synthesis, paralleled by partial reversal of the early-phase, stress-induced translatome. We propose SNAT2 functions as a molecular switch between inhibition of protein synthesis and establishment of an osmoadaptive translation program involving the formation of cytoplasmic condensates of SNAT2-regulated RNA-binding proteins DDX3X and FUS. In summary, we define key roles of SNAT2 in osmotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Krokowski
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Raul Jobava
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Krzysztof J Szkop
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratories, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chien-Wen Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xu Fu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Venus
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhaofeng Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wioleta Banaszuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Tchorzewski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland; EcoTech-Complex Centre, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tingwei Mu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Phil Ropelewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William C Merrick
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuanhui Mao
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aksoylu Inci Sevval
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratories, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Miranda
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shu-Bing Qian
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | - Anastasios Vourekas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Eckhard Jankowsky
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- The Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Ola Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratories, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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15
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S-Y. Kim S, Sim DC, Carissimo G, Lim HH, Lam KP. Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase phosphorylates scaffolding and RNA-binding protein G3BP1 to induce stress granule aggregation during host sensing of foreign ribonucleic acids. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102231. [PMID: 35798143 PMCID: PMC9352910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras-GTPase activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) plays a critical role in the formation of classical and antiviral stress granules in stressed and virus-infected eukaryotic cells, respectively. While G3BP1 is known to be phosphorylated at serine residues which could affect stress granule assembly, whether G3BP1 is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues and how this posttranslational modification might affect its functions is less clear. Here, we show using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting studies with 4G10 antibody that G3BP1 is tyrosine-phosphorylated when cells are stimulated with the synthetic double-stranded RNA analog polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid to mimic viral infection. We further demonstrate via co-immunoprecipitation and inhibitor studies that Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) binds and phosphorylates G3BP1. The nuclear transport factor 2–like domain of G3BP1 was previously shown to be critical for its self-association to form stress granules. Our mass spectrometry, mutational and biochemical cross-linking analyses indicate that the tyrosine-40 residue in this domain is phosphorylated by BTK and critical for G3BP1 oligomerization. Furthermore, as visualized via confocal microscopy, pretreatment of cells with the BTK inhibitor LFM-A13 or genetic deletion of the btk gene or mutation of G3BP1-Y40 residue to alanine or phenylalanine all significantly attenuated the formation of antiviral stress granule aggregates upon polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid treatment. Taken together, our data indicate that BTK phosphorylation of G3BP1 induces G3BP1 oligomerization and facilitates the condensation of ribonucleoprotein complexes into macromolecular aggregates.
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16
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Abulfaraj AA, Ohyanagi H, Goto K, Mineta K, Gojobori T, Hirt H, Rayapuram N. Comprehensive evolutionary analysis and nomenclature of plant G3BPs. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/9/e202101328. [PMID: 35618429 PMCID: PMC9136153 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress induces extensive reprogramming of mRNA metabolism, which includes the transcription and translation of stress-related genes and the formation of stress granules. RasGAP SH3 domain-binding proteins (G3BPs, also called Rasputins) form a highly conserved family of proteins found throughout eukaryotic evolution, which coordinate signal transduction and posttranscriptional gene regulation and play a key role in the formation of stress granules. G3BPs play a role in osmotic, oxidative, and biotic stress in mammals, and recent results revealed that they play similar functions in higher plants. Although simple eukaryotes such as yeast have only one G3BP gene, higher plants show a massive expansion of their G3BP genes into distinct subfamilies. However, because this family of genes has not been well-characterized in plants, functions that have evolved during this expansion remain unidentified. Therefore, we carried out a phylogenetic analysis of G3BPs in different eukaryotes, particularly focusing on the green lineage. On the basis of this evolutionary analysis of G3BPs in eukaryotes, we propose a uniform nomenclature for plant G3BPs that should help predict the evolutionary and functional diversification in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aala A Abulfaraj
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajime Ohyanagi
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia,Joint Center for Researchers, Associates and Clinicians Data Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine1-21-1, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Goto
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia,Marine Open Innovation (MaOI) Institute Shimizu-Marine Building, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mineta
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia,Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France,Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence:
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17
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Krause LJ, Herrera MG, Winklhofer KF. The Role of Ubiquitin in Regulating Stress Granule Dynamics. Front Physiol 2022; 13:910759. [PMID: 35694405 PMCID: PMC9174786 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.910759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic, reversible biomolecular condensates, which assemble in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells under various stress conditions. Formation of SGs typically occurs upon stress-induced translational arrest and polysome disassembly. The increase in cytoplasmic mRNAs triggers the formation of a protein-RNA network that undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation when a critical interaction threshold has been reached. This adaptive stress response allows a transient shutdown of several cellular processes until the stress is removed. During the recovery from stress, SGs disassemble to re-establish cellular activities. Persistent stress and disease-related mutations in SG components favor the formation of aberrant SGs that are impaired in disassembly and prone to aggregation. Recently, posttranslational modifications of SG components have been identified as major regulators of SG dynamics. Here, we summarize new insights into the role of ubiquitination in affecting SG dynamics and clearance and discuss implications for neurodegenerative diseases linked to aberrant SG formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Krause
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- RESOLV Cluster of Excellence, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maria G. Herrera
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- RESOLV Cluster of Excellence, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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18
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Lüscher B, Verheirstraeten M, Krieg S, Korn P. Intracellular mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases at the host-virus interphase. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:288. [PMID: 35536484 PMCID: PMC9087173 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system, the primary defense mechanism of higher organisms against pathogens including viruses, senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In response to PAMPs, interferons (IFNs) are produced, allowing the host to react swiftly to viral infection. In turn the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) is induced. Their products disseminate the antiviral response. Among the ISGs conserved in many species are those encoding mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (mono-ARTs). This prompts the question whether, and if so how, mono-ADP-ribosylation affects viral propagation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that some mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases function as PAMP receptors and modify both host and viral proteins relevant for viral replication. Support for mono-ADP-ribosylation in virus–host interaction stems from the findings that some viruses encode mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolases, which antagonize cellular mono-ARTs. We summarize and discuss the evidence linking mono-ADP-ribosylation and the enzymes relevant to catalyze this reversible modification with the innate immune response as part of the arms race between host and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Maud Verheirstraeten
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Korn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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19
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Singh A, Kandi AR, Jayaprakashappa D, Thuery G, Purohit DJ, Huelsmeier J, Singh R, Pothapragada SS, Ramaswami M, Bakthavachalu B. The transcriptional response to oxidative stress is independent of stress-granule formation. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar25. [PMID: 34985933 PMCID: PMC9250384 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-08-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to stress with translational arrest, robust transcriptional changes, and transcription-independent formation of mRNP assemblies termed stress granules (SGs). Despite considerable interest in the role of SGs in oxidative, unfolded protein and viral stress responses, whether and how SGs contribute to stress-induced transcription have not been rigorously examined. To address this, we characterized transcriptional changes in Drosophila S2 cells induced by acute oxidative-stress and assessed how these were altered under conditions that disrupted SG assembly. Oxidative stress for 3 h predominantly resulted in induction or up-regulation of stress-responsive mRNAs whose levels peaked during recovery after stress cessation. The stress transcriptome is enriched in mRNAs coding for chaperones including HSP70s, small heat shock proteins, glutathione transferases, and several noncoding RNAs. Oxidative stress also induced cytoplasmic SGs that disassembled 3 h after stress cessation. As expected, RNAi-mediated knockdown of the conserved G3BP1/Rasputin protein inhibited SG assembly. However, this disruption had no significant effect on the stress-induced transcriptional response or stress-induced translational arrest. Thus SG assembly and stress-induced gene expression alterations appear to be driven by distinctive signaling processes. We suggest that while SG assembly represents a fast, transient mechanism, the transcriptional response enables a slower, longer-lasting mechanism for adaptation to and recovery from cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanjot Singh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Arvind Reddy Kandi
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society Centre at inStem, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | | | - Guillaume Thuery
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics and School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin-2, Ireland
| | - Devam J Purohit
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Joern Huelsmeier
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics and School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin-2, Ireland
| | - Rashi Singh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore 560065, India
| | | | - Mani Ramaswami
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore 560065, India
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics and School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin-2, Ireland
| | - Baskar Bakthavachalu
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society Centre at inStem, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi 175005, India
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20
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Nabeel-Shah S, Lee H, Ahmed N, Burke GL, Farhangmehr S, Ashraf K, Pu S, Braunschweig U, Zhong G, Wei H, Tang H, Yang J, Marcon E, Blencowe BJ, Zhang Z, Greenblatt JF. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein binds host mRNAs and attenuates stress granules to impair host stress response. iScience 2022; 25:103562. [PMID: 34901782 PMCID: PMC8642831 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) protein is essential for viral replication, making it a promising target for antiviral drug and vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2 infected patients exhibit an uncoordinated immune response; however, the underlying mechanistic details of this imbalance remain obscure. Here, starting from a functional proteomics workflow, we cataloged the protein-protein interactions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including an evolutionarily conserved specific interaction of N with the stress granule resident proteins G3BP1 and G3BP2. N localizes to stress granules and sequesters G3BPs away from their typical interaction partners, thus attenuating stress granule formation. We found that N binds directly to host mRNAs in cells, with a preference for 3' UTRs, and modulates target mRNA stability. We show that the N protein rewires the G3BP1 mRNA-binding profile and suppresses the physiological stress response of host cells, which may explain the imbalanced immune response observed in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nabeel-Shah
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hyunmin Lee
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nujhat Ahmed
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Giovanni L Burke
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Farhangmehr
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kanwal Ashraf
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Shuye Pu
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | | | - Guoqing Zhong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Hong Wei
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jianyi Yang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Edyta Marcon
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Blencowe
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jack F Greenblatt
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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21
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Kruse T, Benz C, Garvanska DH, Lindqvist R, Mihalic F, Coscia F, Inturi R, Sayadi A, Simonetti L, Nilsson E, Ali M, Kliche J, Moliner Morro A, Mund A, Andersson E, McInerney G, Mann M, Jemth P, Davey NE, Överby AK, Nilsson J, Ivarsson Y. Large scale discovery of coronavirus-host factor protein interaction motifs reveals SARS-CoV-2 specific mechanisms and vulnerabilities. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6761. [PMID: 34799561 PMCID: PMC8605023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral proteins make extensive use of short peptide interaction motifs to hijack cellular host factors. However, most current large-scale methods do not identify this important class of protein-protein interactions. Uncovering peptide mediated interactions provides both a molecular understanding of viral interactions with their host and the foundation for developing novel antiviral reagents. Here we describe a viral peptide discovery approach covering 23 coronavirus strains that provides high resolution information on direct virus-host interactions. We identify 269 peptide-based interactions for 18 coronaviruses including a specific interaction between the human G3BP1/2 proteins and an ΦxFG peptide motif in the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. This interaction supports viral replication and through its ΦxFG motif N rewires the G3BP1/2 interactome to disrupt stress granules. A peptide-based inhibitor disrupting the G3BP1/2-N interaction dampened SARS-CoV-2 infection showing that our results can be directly translated into novel specific antiviral reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kruse
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Benz
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dimitriya H Garvanska
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90186, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Filip Mihalic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabian Coscia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Spatial Proteomics Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raviteja Inturi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Sayadi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leandro Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90186, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Kliche
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ainhoa Moliner Morro
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Mund
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerald McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Norman E Davey
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Anna K Överby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90186, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Mukhopadhyay C, Yang C, Xu L, Liu D, Wang Y, Huang D, Deonarine LD, Cyrta J, Davicioni E, Sboner A, Robinson BD, Chinnaiyan AM, Rubin MA, Barbieri CE, Zhou P. G3BP1 inhibits Cul3 SPOP to amplify AR signaling and promote prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6662. [PMID: 34795264 PMCID: PMC8602290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, acts as a prostate-specific tumor suppressor with several key substrates mediating oncogenic function. However, the mechanisms underlying SPOP regulation are largely unknown. Here, we have identified G3BP1 as an interactor of SPOP and functions as a competitive inhibitor of Cul3SPOP, suggesting a distinctive mode of Cul3SPOP inactivation in prostate cancer (PCa). Transcriptomic analysis and functional studies reveal a G3BP1-SPOP ubiquitin signaling axis that promotes PCa progression through activating AR signaling. Moreover, AR directly upregulates G3BP1 transcription to further amplify G3BP1-SPOP signaling in a feed-forward manner. Our study supports a fundamental role of G3BP1 in disabling the tumor suppressive Cul3SPOP, thus defining a PCa cohort independent of SPOP mutation. Therefore, there are significantly more PCa that are defective for SPOP ubiquitin ligase than previously appreciated, and these G3BP1high PCa are more susceptible to AR-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chenyi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Deli Liu
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dennis Huang
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lesa Dayal Deonarine
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joanna Cyrta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Andrea Sboner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Brian D Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christopher E Barbieri
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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23
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G3BP2 regulated by the lncRNA LINC01554 facilitates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through stabilizing HDGF transcript. Oncogene 2021; 41:515-526. [PMID: 34782720 PMCID: PMC8782723 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the involvement of G3BP2 in several human cancers, how G3BP2 interacts with long noncoding RNAs and regulates mRNA transcripts in mediating ESCC metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we uncovered that G3BP2 was upregulated in ESCC. Further analysis revealed that upregulation of G3BP2 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion and unfavorable outcomes in ESCC patients. Both in vitro and in vivo functional assays demonstrated that G3BP2 dramatically enhanced ESCC cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, LINC01554 maintained the high G3BP2 expression in ESCC by protecting G3BP2 from degradation through ubiquitination and the interaction domains within LINC01554 and G3BP2 were identified. In addition, RNA-seq revealed that HDGF was regulated by G3BP2. G3BP2 bound to HDGF mRNA transcript to stabilize its expression. Ectopic expression of HDGF effectively abolished the G3BP2 depletion-mediated inhibitory effect on tumor cell migration. Intriguingly, introduction of compound C108 which can inhibit G3BP2 remarkedly suppressed ESCC cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, this study describes a newly discovered regulatory axis, LINC01554/G3BP2/HDGF, that facilitates ESCC metastasis and will provide novel therapeutic strategies for ESCC.
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24
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G3BP1 promotes human breast cancer cell proliferation through coordinating with GSK-3β and stabilizing β-catenin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1900-1912. [PMID: 33536604 PMCID: PMC8563869 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase activating SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a multifunctional binding protein involved in the development of a variety of human cancers. However, the role of G3BP1 in breast cancer progression remains largely unknown. In this study, we report that G3BP1 is upregulated and correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Overexpression of G3BP1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation by stimulating β-catenin signaling, which upregulates a number of proliferation-related genes. We further show that G3BP1 improves the stability of β-catenin by inhibiting its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation rather than affecting the transcription of β-catenin. Mechanistically, elevated G3BP1 interacts with and inactivates GSK-3β to suppress β-catenin phosphorylation and degradation. Disturbing the G3BP1-GSK-3β interaction accelerates the degradation of β-catenin, impairing the proliferative capacity of breast cancer cells. Our study demonstrates that the regulatory mechanism of the G3BP1/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis may be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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25
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Rehbein U, Prentzell MT, Cadena Sandoval M, Heberle AM, Henske EP, Opitz CA, Thedieck K. The TSC Complex-mTORC1 Axis: From Lysosomes to Stress Granules and Back. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:751892. [PMID: 34778262 PMCID: PMC8586448 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.751892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tuberous sclerosis protein complex (TSC complex) is a key integrator of metabolic signals and cellular stress. In response to nutrient shortage and stresses, the TSC complex inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) at the lysosomes. mTORC1 is also inhibited by stress granules (SGs), RNA-protein assemblies that dissociate mTORC1. The mechanisms of lysosome and SG recruitment of mTORC1 are well studied. In contrast, molecular details on lysosomal recruitment of the TSC complex have emerged only recently. The TSC complex subunit 1 (TSC1) binds lysosomes via phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]. The SG assembly factors 1 and 2 (G3BP1/2) have an unexpected lysosomal function in recruiting TSC2 when SGs are absent. In addition, high density lipoprotein binding protein (HDLBP, also named Vigilin) recruits TSC2 to SGs under stress. In this mini-review, we integrate the molecular mechanisms of lysosome and SG recruitment of the TSC complex. We discuss their interplay in the context of cell proliferation and migration in cancer and in the clinical manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex disease (TSC) and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Rehbein
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mirja Tamara Prentzell
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marti Cadena Sandoval
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Martin Heberle
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth P. Henske
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christiane A. Opitz
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Li B, Zhang G, Wang Z, Yang Y, Wang C, Fang D, Liu K, Wang F, Mei Y. c-Myc-activated USP2-AS1 suppresses senescence and promotes tumor progression via stabilization of E2F1 mRNA. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1006. [PMID: 34707111 PMCID: PMC8551278 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The c-Myc oncoprotein plays a prominent role in cancer initiation, progression, and maintenance. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently emerging as critical regulators of the c-Myc signaling pathway. Here, we report the lncRNA USP2-AS1 as a direct transcriptional target of c-Myc. Functionally, USP2-AS1 inhibits cellular senescence and acts as an oncogenic molecule by inducing E2F1 expression. Mechanistically, USP2-AS1 associates with the RNA-binding protein G3BP1 and facilitates the interaction of G3BP1 to E2F1 3′-untranslated region, thereby leading to the stabilization of E2F1 messenger RNA. Furthermore, USP2-AS1 is shown as a mediator of the oncogenic function of c-Myc via the regulation of E2F1. Together, these findings suggest that USP2-AS1 is a negative regulator of cellular senescence and also implicates USP2-AS1 as an important player in mediating c-Myc function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Debao Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaiyue Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Yide Mei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Abulfaraj AA, Hirt H, Rayapuram N. G3BPs in Plant Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:680710. [PMID: 34177995 PMCID: PMC8222905 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The sessile nature of plants enforces highly adaptable strategies to adapt to different environmental stresses. Plants respond to these stresses by a massive reprogramming of mRNA metabolism. Balancing of mRNA fates, including translation, sequestration, and decay is essential for plants to not only coordinate growth and development but also to combat biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. RNA stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (P bodies) synchronize mRNA metabolism for optimum functioning of an organism. SGs are evolutionarily conserved cytoplasmic localized RNA-protein storage sites that are formed in response to adverse conditions, harboring mostly but not always translationally inactive mRNAs. SGs disassemble and release mRNAs into a translationally active form upon stress relief. RasGAP SH3 domain binding proteins (G3BPs or Rasputins) are "scaffolds" for the assembly and stability of SGs, which coordinate receptor mediated signal transduction with RNA metabolism. The role of G3BPs in the formation of SGs is well established in mammals, but G3BPs in plants are poorly characterized. In this review, we discuss recent findings of the dynamics and functions of plant G3BPs in response to environmental stresses and speculate on possible mechanisms such as transcription and post-translational modifications that might regulate the function of this important family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aala A. Abulfaraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Arts College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Embarc-Buh A, Francisco-Velilla R, Martinez-Salas E. RNA-Binding Proteins at the Host-Pathogen Interface Targeting Viral Regulatory Elements. Viruses 2021; 13:952. [PMID: 34064059 PMCID: PMC8224014 DOI: 10.3390/v13060952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral RNAs contain the information needed to synthesize their own proteins, to replicate, and to spread to susceptible cells. However, due to their reduced coding capacity RNA viruses rely on host cells to complete their multiplication cycle. This is largely achieved by the concerted action of regulatory structural elements on viral RNAs and a subset of host proteins, whose dedicated function across all stages of the infection steps is critical to complete the viral cycle. Importantly, not only the RNA sequence but also the RNA architecture imposed by the presence of specific structural domains mediates the interaction with host RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), ultimately affecting virus multiplication and spreading. In marked difference with other biological systems, the genome of positive strand RNA viruses is also the mRNA. Here we focus on distinct types of positive strand RNA viruses that differ in the regulatory elements used to promote translation of the viral RNA, as well as in the mechanisms used to evade the series of events connected to antiviral response, including translation shutoff induced in infected cells, assembly of stress granules, and trafficking stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Encarnacion Martinez-Salas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.E.-B.); (R.F.-V.)
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Lo LHY, Dong R, Lyu Q, Lai KO. The Protein Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT8 and Substrate G3BP1 Control Rac1-PAK1 Signaling and Actin Cytoskeleton for Dendritic Spine Maturation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107744. [PMID: 32521269 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory synapses of neurons are located on dendritic spines. Spine maturation is essential for the stability of synapses and memory consolidation, and overproduction of the immature filopodia is associated with brain disorders. The structure and function of synapses can be modulated by protein post-translational modification (PTM). Arginine methylation is a major PTM that regulates chromatin structure, transcription, and splicing within the nucleus. Here we find that the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT8 is present at neuronal synapses and its expression is upregulated in the hippocampus when dendritic spine maturation occurs. Depletion of PRMT8 leads to overabundance of filopodia and mis-localization of excitatory synapses. Mechanistically, PRMT8 promotes dendritic spine morphology through methylation of the dendritic RNA-binding protein G3BP1 and suppression of the Rac1-PAK1 signaling pathway to control synaptic actin dynamics. Our findings unravel arginine methylation as a crucial regulatory mechanism for actin cytoskeleton during synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Hoi-Ying Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Dong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quanwei Lyu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-On Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Sidibé H, Dubinski A, Vande Velde C. The multi-functional RNA-binding protein G3BP1 and its potential implication in neurodegenerative disease. J Neurochem 2021; 157:944-962. [PMID: 33349931 PMCID: PMC8248322 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a multi-functional protein that is best known for its role in the assembly and dynamics of stress granules. Recent studies have highlighted that G3BP1 also has other functions related to RNA metabolism. In the context of disease, G3BP1 has been therapeutically targeted in cancers because its over-expression is correlated with proliferation of cancerous cells and metastasis. However, evidence suggests that G3BP1 is essential for neuronal development and possibly neuronal maintenance. In this review, we will examine the many functions that are carried out by G3BP1 in the context of neurons and speculate how these functions are critical to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we will highlight the similarities and differences between G3BP1 and the closely related protein G3BP2, which is frequently overlooked. Although G3BP1 and G3BP2 have both been deemed important for stress granule assembly, their roles may differ in other cellular pathways, some of which are specific to the CNS, and presents an opportunity for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjara Sidibé
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversité de Montréal, and CHUM Research CenterMontréalQCCanada
| | - Alicia Dubinski
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversité de Montréal, and CHUM Research CenterMontréalQCCanada
| | - Christine Vande Velde
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversité de Montréal, and CHUM Research CenterMontréalQCCanada
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Wang C, Cui Q, Du R, Liu S, Tian S, Huang H, Jiang Y, Chen R, Niu Y, Yue D, Wang Y. Expression of G3BP1 in benign and malignant human prostate tissues. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1665-1675. [PMID: 33968655 PMCID: PMC8100838 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the world’s leading type of cancer in men. GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is overexpressed in a variety of tumors. However, there are limited studies in PCa concerning G3BP1. This present study was to investigates the expression of G3BP1 and the mechanism of action on PCa. Methods We explored the G3BP1 expression in PCa using the TCGA database and verified it using clinical samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods. G3BP1 and Androgen receptor (AR) status of 104 human PCa and 50 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) samples were analyzed by IHC and the association between G3BP1 expression and biochemical recurrence was determined. Moreover, we generated G3BP1 knockdown cell lines in human PCa LNCaP cell lines, to observe AR changes. Results G3BP1 and AR were overexpressed in PCa compared to BPH tissues. The expression of G3BP1 and AR was positively correlated with the malignant degree of the tumor. Higher G3BP1 expression showed a trend toward biochemical recurrence. Western blot showed downregulation of G3BP1 affected AR expression levels. Conclusions Our study suggested that G3BP1 was frequently upregulated in PCa and closely related to AR expression and tumor metastasis. Besides, G3BP1 might be associated with biochemical recurrence. These results supply potential target for the management of the PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiqi Cui
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Runxuan Du
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoping Tian
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yihua Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Yue
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Prentzell MT, Rehbein U, Cadena Sandoval M, De Meulemeester AS, Baumeister R, Brohée L, Berdel B, Bockwoldt M, Carroll B, Chowdhury SR, von Deimling A, Demetriades C, Figlia G, de Araujo MEG, Heberle AM, Heiland I, Holzwarth B, Huber LA, Jaworski J, Kedra M, Kern K, Kopach A, Korolchuk VI, van 't Land-Kuper I, Macias M, Nellist M, Palm W, Pusch S, Ramos Pittol JM, Reil M, Reintjes A, Reuter F, Sampson JR, Scheldeman C, Siekierska A, Stefan E, Teleman AA, Thomas LE, Torres-Quesada O, Trump S, West HD, de Witte P, Woltering S, Yordanov TE, Zmorzynska J, Opitz CA, Thedieck K. G3BPs tether the TSC complex to lysosomes and suppress mTORC1 signaling. Cell 2021; 184:655-674.e27. [PMID: 33497611 PMCID: PMC7868890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding proteins 1 and 2 (G3BP1 and G3BP2, respectively) are widely recognized as core components of stress granules (SGs). We report that G3BPs reside at the cytoplasmic surface of lysosomes. They act in a non-redundant manner to anchor the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) protein complex to lysosomes and suppress activation of the metabolic master regulator mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by amino acids and insulin. Like the TSC complex, G3BP1 deficiency elicits phenotypes related to mTORC1 hyperactivity. In the context of tumors, low G3BP1 levels enhance mTORC1-driven breast cancer cell motility and correlate with adverse outcomes in patients. Furthermore, G3bp1 inhibition in zebrafish disturbs neuronal development and function, leading to white matter heterotopia and neuronal hyperactivity. Thus, G3BPs are not only core components of SGs but also a key element of lysosomal TSC-mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Tamara Prentzell
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rehbein
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Marti Cadena Sandoval
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Ann-Sofie De Meulemeester
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Ralf Baumeister
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS & ZBMZ Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Laura Brohée
- Cell Growth Control in Health and Age-Related Disease Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI-AGE), Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Bianca Berdel
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Mathias Bockwoldt
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Bernadette Carroll
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Suvagata Roy Chowdhury
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Constantinos Demetriades
- Cell Growth Control in Health and Age-Related Disease Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI-AGE), Cologne 50931, Germany; CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Gianluca Figlia
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Alexander M Heberle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Ines Heiland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Birgit Holzwarth
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Austrian Drug Screening Institute (ADSI), Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kedra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Katharina Kern
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Andrii Kopach
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ineke van 't Land-Kuper
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Matylda Macias
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Mark Nellist
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm Palm
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stefan Pusch
- German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jose Miguel Ramos Pittol
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michèle Reil
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anja Reintjes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Friederike Reuter
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julian R Sampson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University Medical School, Cardiff CF14 4AY, UK
| | - Chloë Scheldeman
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium; Neurogenetics Research Group, VUB, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Siekierska
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Laura E Thomas
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Saskia Trump
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Hannah D West
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University Medical School, Cardiff CF14 4AY, UK
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Woltering
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Teodor E Yordanov
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justyna Zmorzynska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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Reuper H, Amari K, Krenz B. Analyzing the G3BP-like gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana in early turnip mosaic virus infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2187. [PMID: 33500425 PMCID: PMC7838295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes several genes that are known or predicted to participate in the formation of stress granules (SG). One family of genes encodes for Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein (G3BP)-like proteins. Seven genes were identified, of which one of the members was already shown to interact with plant virus proteins in a previous study. A phylogenetic and tissue-specific expression analysis, including laser-dissected phloem, by qRT-PCRs was performed and the sub-cellular localization of individual AtG3BP::EYFP fluorescent fusion proteins expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells was observed. Individual AtG3BP-protein interactions in planta were studied using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation approach in combination with confocal imaging in living cells. In addition, the early and late induction of G3BP-like expression upon Turnip mosaic virus infection was investigated by RNAseq and qRT-PCR. The results showed a high divergence of transcription frequency in the different plant tissues, promiscuous protein-protein interaction within the G3BP-like gene family, and a general induction by a viral infection with TuMV in A. thaliana. The information gained from these studies leads to a better understanding of stress granules, in particular their molecular mode of action in the plant and their role in plant virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Reuper
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7 B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Khalid Amari
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7 B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Björn Krenz
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7 B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Role of Chikungunya nsP3 in Regulating G3BP1 Activity, Stress Granule Formation and Drug Efficacy. Arch Med Res 2020; 52:48-57. [PMID: 33131924 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ras-GTPase activating protein SH3-domain-binding proteins (G3BP) are a small family of RNA-binding proteins implicated in regulating gene expression. Changes in expression of G3BPs are correlated to several cancers including thyroid, colon, pancreatic and breast cancer. G3BPs are important regulators of stress granule (SG) formation and function. SG are ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles that respond to cellular stresses to triage mRNA resulting in transcripts being selectively degraded, stored or translated resulting in a change of gene expression which confers a survival response to the cell. These changes in gene expression contribute to the development of drug resistance. Many RNA viruses, including Chikungunya (and potentially Coronavirus), dismantle SG so that the cell cannot respond to the viral infection. Non-structural protein 3 (nsP3), from the Chikungunya virus, has been shown to translocate G3BP away from SG. Interestingly in cancer cells, the formation of SG is correlated to drug-resistance and blocking SG formation has been shown to reestablish the efficacy of the anticancer drug bortezomib. METHODS Chikungunya nsP3 was transfected into breast cancer cell lines T47D and MCF7 to disrupt SG formation. Changes in the cytotoxicity of bortezomib were measured. RESULTS Bortezomib cytotoxicity in breast cancer cell lines changed with a 22 fold decrease in its IC50 for T47D and a 7 fold decrease for MCF7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Chikungunya nsP3 disrupts SG formation. As a result, it increases the cytotoxicity of the FDA approved drug, bortezomib. In addition, the increased cytotoxicity appears to correlate to improved bortezomib selectivity when compared to control cell lines.
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Somasekharan SP, Zhang F, Saxena N, Huang JN, Kuo IC, Low C, Bell R, Adomat H, Stoynov N, Foster L, Gleave M, Sorensen PH. G3BP1-linked mRNA partitioning supports selective protein synthesis in response to oxidative stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6855-6873. [PMID: 32406909 PMCID: PMC7337521 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells limit energy-consuming mRNA translation during stress to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Sequestration of mRNAs by RNA binding proteins (RBPs) into RNA granules reduces their translation, but it remains unclear whether RBPs also function in partitioning of specific transcripts to polysomes (PSs) to guide selective translation and stress adaptation in cancer. To study transcript partitioning under cell stress, we catalogued mRNAs enriched in prostate carcinoma PC-3 cell PSs, as defined by polysome fractionation and RNA sequencing (RNAseq), and compared them to mRNAs complexed with the known SG-nucleator protein, G3BP1, as defined by spatially-restricted enzymatic tagging and RNAseq. By comparing these compartments before and after short-term arsenite-induced oxidative stress, we identified three major categories of transcripts, namely those that were G3BP1-associated and PS-depleted, G3BP1-dissociated and PS-enriched, and G3BP1-associated but also PS-enriched. Oxidative stress profoundly altered the partitioning of transcripts between these compartments. Under arsenite stress, G3BP1-associated and PS-depleted transcripts correlated with reduced expression of encoded mitochondrial proteins, PS-enriched transcripts that disassociated from G3BP1 encoded cell cycle and cytoprotective proteins whose expression increased, while transcripts that were both G3BP1-associated and PS-enriched encoded proteins involved in diverse stress response pathways. Therefore, G3BP1 guides transcript partitioning to reprogram mRNA translation and support stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fan Zhang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Neetu Saxena
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jia Ni Huang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - I-Chih Kuo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Caitlin Low
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Bell
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hans Adomat
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nikolay Stoynov
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leonard Foster
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Poul H Sorensen
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Pla‐Martín D, Schatton D, Wiederstein JL, Marx M, Khiati S, Krüger M, Rugarli EI. CLUH granules coordinate translation of mitochondrial proteins with mTORC1 signaling and mitophagy. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102731. [PMID: 32149416 PMCID: PMC7196838 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria house anabolic and catabolic processes that must be balanced and adjusted to meet cellular demands. The RNA-binding protein CLUH (clustered mitochondria homolog) binds mRNAs of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins and is highly expressed in the liver, where it regulates metabolic plasticity. Here, we show that in primary hepatocytes, CLUH coalesces in specific ribonucleoprotein particles that define the translational fate of target mRNAs, such as Pcx, Hadha, and Hmgcs2, to match nutrient availability. Moreover, CLUH granules play signaling roles, by recruiting mTOR kinase and the RNA-binding proteins G3BP1 and G3BP2. Upon starvation, CLUH regulates translation of Hmgcs2, involved in ketogenesis, inhibits mTORC1 activation and mitochondrial anabolic pathways, and promotes mitochondrial turnover, thus allowing efficient reprograming of metabolic function. In the absence of CLUH, a mitophagy block causes mitochondrial clustering that is rescued by rapamycin treatment or depletion of G3BP1 and G3BP2. Our data demonstrate that metabolic adaptation of liver mitochondria to nutrient availability depends on a compartmentalized CLUH-dependent post-transcriptional mechanism that controls both mTORC1 and G3BP signaling and ensures survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pla‐Martín
- Institute for GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Institute for Vegetative PhysiologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Désirée Schatton
- Institute for GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Janica L Wiederstein
- Institute for GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Marie‐Charlotte Marx
- Institute for GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Salim Khiati
- MitoLab TeamInstitut MitoVascUMR CNRS 6015INSERM U1083Université d'AngersAngersFrance
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Elena I Rugarli
- Institute for GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
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37
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Laver JD, Ly J, Winn JK, Karaiskakis A, Lin S, Nie K, Benic G, Jaberi-Lashkari N, Cao WX, Khademi A, Westwood JT, Sidhu SS, Morris Q, Angers S, Smibert CA, Lipshitz HD. The RNA-Binding Protein Rasputin/G3BP Enhances the Stability and Translation of Its Target mRNAs. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3353-3367.e7. [PMID: 32160542 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G3BP RNA-binding proteins are important components of stress granules (SGs). Here, we analyze the role of the Drosophila G3BP Rasputin (RIN) in unstressed cells, where RIN is not SG associated. Immunoprecipitation followed by microarray analysis identifies over 550 mRNAs that copurify with RIN. The mRNAs found in SGs are long and translationally silent. In contrast, we find that RIN-bound mRNAs, which encode core components of the transcription, splicing, and translation machinery, are short, stable, and highly translated. We show that RIN is associated with polysomes and provide evidence for a direct role for RIN and its human homologs in stabilizing and upregulating the translation of their target mRNAs. We propose that when cells are stressed, the resulting incorporation of RIN/G3BPs into SGs sequesters them away from their short target mRNAs. This would downregulate the expression of these transcripts, even though they are not incorporated into stress granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Laver
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Jimmy Ly
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Jamie K Winn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Angelo Karaiskakis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Sichun Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Kun Nie
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Giulia Benic
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Nima Jaberi-Lashkari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Wen Xi Cao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Alireza Khademi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - J Timothy Westwood
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Quaid Morris
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Vector Institute, 661 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Craig A Smibert
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Howard D Lipshitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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38
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Montellese C, van den Heuvel J, Ashiono C, Dörner K, Melnik A, Jonas S, Zemp I, Picotti P, Gillet LC, Kutay U. USP16 counteracts mono-ubiquitination of RPS27a and promotes maturation of the 40S ribosomal subunit. eLife 2020; 9:54435. [PMID: 32129764 PMCID: PMC7065907 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of translational competence represents a decisive cytoplasmic step in the biogenesis of 40S ribosomal subunits. This involves final 18S rRNA processing and release of residual biogenesis factors, including the protein kinase RIOK1. To identify novel proteins promoting the final maturation of human 40S subunits, we characterized pre-ribosomal subunits trapped on RIOK1 by mass spectrometry, and identified the deubiquitinase USP16 among the captured factors. We demonstrate that USP16 constitutes a component of late cytoplasmic pre-40S subunits that promotes the removal of ubiquitin from an internal lysine of ribosomal protein RPS27a/eS31. USP16 deletion leads to late 40S subunit maturation defects, manifesting in incomplete processing of 18S rRNA and retarded recycling of late-acting ribosome biogenesis factors, revealing an unexpected contribution of USP16 to the ultimate step of 40S synthesis. Finally, ubiquitination of RPS27a appears to depend on active translation, pointing at a potential connection between 40S maturation and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmin van den Heuvel
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Sciences Ph.D. Program, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kerstin Dörner
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Sciences Ph.D. Program, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Melnik
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Jonas
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Zemp
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Picotti
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ulrike Kutay
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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The Acetylation of Lysine-376 of G3BP1 Regulates RNA Binding and Stress Granule Dynamics. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00052-19. [PMID: 31481451 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00052-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are ribonucleoprotein aggregates that form in response to stress conditions. The regulation of SG dynamics is not fully understood. Permanent pathological SG-like structures were reported in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein G3BP1 is a central regulator of SG dynamics. We found that the lysine 376 residue (K376) of G3BP1, which is in the RRM RNA binding domain, was acetylated. Consequently, G3BP1 RNA binding was impaired by K376 acetylation. In addition, the acetylation-mimicking mutation K376Q impaired the RNA-dependent interaction of G3BP1 with poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1), but its RNA-independent interactions with caprin-1 and USP10 were little affected. The formation of G3BP1 SGs depended on G3BP1 RNA binding; thus, replacement of endogenous G3BP1 with the K376Q mutant or the RNA binding-deficient F380L/F382L mutant interfered with SG formation. Significant G3BP1 K376 acetylation was detected during SG resolution, and K376-acetylated G3BP1 was seen outside SGs. G3BP1 acetylation is regulated by histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and CBP/p300. Our data suggest that the acetylation of G3BP1 facilitates the disassembly of SGs, offering a potential avenue to mitigate hyperactive stress responses under pathological conditions.
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40
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Mironova N, Vlassov V. Surveillance of Tumour Development: The Relationship Between Tumour-Associated RNAs and Ribonucleases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1019. [PMID: 31572192 PMCID: PMC6753386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour progression is accompanied by rapid cell proliferation, loss of differentiation, the reprogramming of energy metabolism, loss of adhesion, escape of immune surveillance, induction of angiogenesis, and metastasis. Both coding and regulatory RNAs expressed by tumour cells and circulating in the blood are involved in all stages of tumour progression. Among the important tumour-associated RNAs are intracellular coding RNAs that determine the routes of metabolic pathways, cell cycle control, angiogenesis, adhesion, apoptosis and pathways responsible for transformation, and intracellular and extracellular non-coding RNAs involved in regulation of the expression of their proto-oncogenic and oncosuppressing mRNAs. Considering the diversity/variability of biological functions of RNAs, it becomes evident that extracellular RNAs represent important regulators of cell-to-cell communication and intracellular cascades that maintain cell proliferation and differentiation. In connection with the elucidation of such an important role for RNA, a surge in interest in RNA-degrading enzymes has increased. Natural ribonucleases (RNases) participate in various cellular processes including miRNA biogenesis, RNA decay and degradation that has determined their principal role in the sustention of RNA homeostasis in cells. Findings were obtained on the contribution of some endogenous ribonucleases in the maintenance of normal cell RNA homeostasis, which thus prevents cell transformation. These findings directed attention to exogenous ribonucleases as tools to compensate for the malfunction of endogenous ones. Recently a number of proteins with ribonuclease activity were discovered whose intracellular function remains unknown. Thus, the comprehensive investigation of physiological roles of RNases is still required. In this review we focused on the control mechanisms of cell transformation by endogenous ribonucleases, and the possibility of replacing malfunctioning enzymes with exogenous ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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41
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Hosmillo M, Lu J, McAllaster MR, Eaglesham JB, Wang X, Emmott E, Domingues P, Chaudhry Y, Fitzmaurice TJ, Tung MKH, Panas MD, McInerney G, Locker N, Wilen CB, Goodfellow IG. Noroviruses subvert the core stress granule component G3BP1 to promote viral VPg-dependent translation. eLife 2019; 8:e46681. [PMID: 31403400 PMCID: PMC6739877 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the host factors required for norovirus replication has been hindered by the challenges associated with culturing human noroviruses. We have combined proteomic analysis of the viral translation and replication complexes with a CRISPR screen, to identify host factors required for norovirus infection. The core stress granule component G3BP1 was identified as a host factor essential for efficient human and murine norovirus infection, demonstrating a conserved function across the Norovirus genus. Furthermore, we show that G3BP1 functions in the novel paradigm of viral VPg-dependent translation initiation, contributing to the assembly of translation complexes on the VPg-linked viral positive sense RNA genome by facilitating ribosome recruitment. Our data uncovers a novel function for G3BP1 in the life cycle of positive sense RNA viruses and identifies the first host factor with pan-norovirus pro-viral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra Hosmillo
- Division of Virology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jia Lu
- Division of Virology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael R McAllaster
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - James B Eaglesham
- Division of Virology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of MicrobiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Division of Virology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Brain Research and RehabilitationSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Edward Emmott
- Division of Virology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of BioengineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonUnited States
- Barnett Institute for Chemical and Biological AnalysesNortheastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Patricia Domingues
- Division of Virology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Chaudhry
- Division of Virology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Tim J Fitzmaurice
- Division of Virology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew KH Tung
- Division of Virology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Marc Dominik Panas
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Gerald McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Nicolas Locker
- School of Biosciences and MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Ian G Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wiser
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Byungil Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manuel Ascano
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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