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Awad MM, Suraweera CD, Vidor CJ, Ye-Lin AY, Williams GC, Mileto SJ, Barlow CK, McGowan S, Lyras D. A Clostridioides difficile endolysin modulates toxin secretion without cell lysis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1044. [PMID: 39179651 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The Clostridia produce and secrete Large Clostridial Glucosylating Toxins (LCGTs) responsible for disease symptoms, but the secretion mechanism is largely unknown. Recently, a holin-like protein was shown to be essential for toxin secretion. Holins, typically bacteriophage-specific proteins, are part of the holin-endo(lysin) system that releases phage progeny. To determine if the clostridia also use a lysin, we investigated two conserved putative lysins, M7404_01910 and M7404_02200, in the release of the LCGTs TcdA and TcdB from a Clostridioides difficile ribotype 027 strain, M7404. Sequence analysis and structural modelling indicates that both proteins are related to N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidases, similar to CD27L, a lysin from the C. difficile phage ΦCD27. Disruption of these genes reveal that only M7404_02200 contributes to toxin secretion and does so in a non-lytic fashion. Peptidoglycan hydrolysis assays show that recombinant M7404_02200 is an active peptidoglycan amidase, confirming its role in TcdA and TcdB secretion in C. difficile M7404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena M Awad
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Chathura D Suraweera
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Callum J Vidor
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Auberon Y Ye-Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Galain C Williams
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Steven J Mileto
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher K Barlow
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Sheena McGowan
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia.
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2
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Butler MS, Vollmer W, Goodall ECA, Capon RJ, Henderson IR, Blaskovich MAT. A Review of Antibacterial Candidates with New Modes of Action. ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 39018341 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of new antibiotics to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections that increasingly threaten global health. The current pipeline of clinical-stage antimicrobials is primarily populated by "new and improved" versions of existing antibiotic classes, supplemented by several novel chemical scaffolds that act on traditional targets. The lack of fresh chemotypes acting on previously unexploited targets (the "holy grail" for new antimicrobials due to their scarcity) is particularly unfortunate as these offer the greatest opportunity for innovative breakthroughs to overcome existing resistance. In recognition of their potential, this review focuses on this subset of high value antibiotics, providing chemical structures where available. This review focuses on candidates that have progressed to clinical trials, as well as selected examples of promising pioneering approaches in advanced stages of development, in order to stimulate additional research aimed at combating drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Butler
- Centre for Superbug Solutions and ARC Training Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Centre for Superbug Solutions and ARC Training Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Emily C A Goodall
- Centre for Superbug Solutions and ARC Training Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Centre for Superbug Solutions and ARC Training Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Centre for Superbug Solutions and ARC Training Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions and ARC Training Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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3
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Calia G, Porracciolo P, Chen Y, Kozlowski D, Schuler H, Cestaro A, Quentin M, Favery B, Danchin EGJ, Bottini S. Identification and characterization of specific motifs in effector proteins of plant parasites using MOnSTER. Commun Biol 2024; 7:850. [PMID: 38992096 PMCID: PMC11239862 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause billions of dollars of crop loss every year and are a major threat to global food security. Identifying and characterizing pathogens effectors is crucial towards their improved control. Because of their poor sequence conservation, effector identification is challenging, and current methods generate too many candidates without indication for prioritizing experimental studies. In most phyla, effectors contain specific sequence motifs which influence their localization and targets in the plant. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop bioinformatics tools tailored for pathogen effectors. To circumvent these limitations, we have developed MOnSTER a specific tool that identifies clusters of motifs of protein sequences (CLUMPs). MOnSTER can be fed with motifs identified by de novo tools or from databases such as Pfam and InterProScan. The advantage of MOnSTER is the reduction of motif redundancy by clustering them and associating a score. This score encompasses the physicochemical properties of AAs and the motif occurrences. We built up our method to identify discriminant CLUMPs in oomycetes effectors. Consequently, we applied MOnSTER on plant parasitic nematodes and identified six CLUMPs in about 60% of the known nematode candidate parasitism proteins. Furthermore, we found co-occurrences of CLUMPs with protein domains important for invasion and pathogenicity. The potentiality of this tool goes beyond the effector characterization and can be used to easily cluster motifs and calculate the CLUMP-score on any set of protein sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Calia
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural Environmental and Food Science, Bolzano, Italy
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Paola Porracciolo
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia-Antipolis, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Center of Modeling, Simulation and Interactions, Nice, France
| | - Yongpan Chen
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia-Antipolis, France
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Djampa Kozlowski
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia-Antipolis, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Center of Modeling, Simulation and Interactions, Nice, France
| | - Hannes Schuler
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural Environmental and Food Science, Bolzano, Italy
- Free University of Bolzano, Competence Centre for Plant Health, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Michaël Quentin
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Bruno Favery
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Etienne G J Danchin
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Silvia Bottini
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
- Université Côte d'Azur, Center of Modeling, Simulation and Interactions, Nice, France.
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4
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Lindemeier D, Graubner W, Mehner-Breitfeld D, Malešević M, Brüser T. Positive charges promote the recognition of proteins by the chaperone SlyD from Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305823. [PMID: 38917203 PMCID: PMC11198818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
SlyD is a widely-occurring prokaryotic FKBP-family prolyl isomerase with an additional chaperone domain. Often, such as in Escherichia coli, a third domain is found at its C-terminus that binds nickel and provides it for nickel-enzyme biogenesis. SlyD has been found to bind signal peptides of proteins that are translocated by the Tat pathway, a system for the transport of folded proteins across membranes. Using peptide arrays to analyze these signal peptide interactions, we found that SlyD interacted only with positively charged peptides, with a preference for arginines over lysines, and large hydrophobic residues enhanced binding. Especially a twin-arginine motif was recognized, a pair of highly conserved arginines adjacent to a stretch of hydrophobic residues. Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) with purified SlyD and a signal peptide-containing model Tat substrate, we could show that the wild type twin-arginine signal peptide was bound with higher affinity than an RR>KK mutated variant, confirming that positive charges are recognized by SlyD, with a preference of arginines over lysines. The specific role of negative charges of the chaperone domain surface and of hydrophobic residues in the chaperone active site was further analyzed by ITC of mutated SlyD variants. Our data show that the supposed key hydrophobic residues of the active site are indeed crucial for binding, and that binding is influenced by negative charges on the chaperone domain. Recognition of positive charges is likely achieved by a large negatively charged surface region of the chaperone domain, which is highly conserved although individual positions are variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lindemeier
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Wenke Graubner
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Miroslav Malešević
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüser
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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5
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He G, Chen G, Xie Y, Swift CM, Ramirez D, Cha G, Konstantinidis KT, Radosevich M, Löffler FE. Sustained bacterial N 2O reduction at acidic pH. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4092. [PMID: 38750010 PMCID: PMC11096178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a climate-active gas with emissions predicted to increase due to agricultural intensification. Microbial reduction of N2O to dinitrogen (N2) is the major consumption process but microbial N2O reduction under acidic conditions is considered negligible, albeit strongly acidic soils harbor nosZ genes encoding N2O reductase. Here, we study a co-culture derived from acidic tropical forest soil that reduces N2O at pH 4.5. The co-culture exhibits bimodal growth with a Serratia sp. fermenting pyruvate followed by hydrogenotrophic N2O reduction by a Desulfosporosinus sp. Integrated omics and physiological characterization revealed interspecies nutritional interactions, with the pyruvate fermenting Serratia sp. supplying amino acids as essential growth factors to the N2O-reducing Desulfosporosinus sp. Thus, we demonstrate growth-linked N2O reduction between pH 4.5 and 6, highlighting microbial N2O reduction potential in acidic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang He
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Yongchao Xie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Cynthia M Swift
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Diana Ramirez
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Gyuhyon Cha
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | - Mark Radosevich
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Frank E Löffler
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
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6
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Zhang D, Czapinska H, Bochtler M, Wlodawer A, Lubkowski J. RrA, an enzyme from Rhodospirillum rubrum, is a prototype of a new family of short-chain L-asparaginases. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4920. [PMID: 38501449 PMCID: PMC10949315 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
L-Asparaginases (ASNases) catalyze the hydrolysis of L-Asn to L-Asp and ammonia. Members of the ASNase family are used as drugs in the treatment of leukemia, as well as in the food industry. The protomers of bacterial ASNases typically contain 300-400 amino acids (typical class 1 ASNases). In contrast, the chain of ASNase from Rhodospirillum rubrum, reported here and referred to as RrA, consists of only 172 amino acid residues. RrA is homologous to the N-terminal domain of typical bacterial class 1 ASNases and exhibits millimolar affinity for L-Asn. In this study, we demonstrate that RrA belongs to a unique family of cytoplasmic, short-chain ASNases (scASNases). These proteins occupy a distinct region in the sequence space, separate from the regions typically assigned to class 1 ASNases. The scASNases are present in approximately 7% of eubacterial species, spanning diverse bacterial lineages. They seem to be significantly enriched in species that encode for more than one class 1 ASNase. Here, we report biochemical, biophysical, and structural properties of RrA, a member of scASNases family. Crystal structures of the wild-type RrA, both with and without bound L-Asp, as well as structures of several RrA mutants, reveal topologically unique tetramers. Moreover, the active site of one protomer is complemented by two residues (Tyr21 and Asn26) from another protomer. Upon closer inspection, these findings clearly outline scASNases as a stand-alone subfamily of ASNases that can catalyze the hydrolysis of L-Asn to L-Asp despite the lack of the C-terminal domain that is present in all ASNases described structurally to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Center for Structural BiologyNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Honorata Czapinska
- Laboratory of Structural BiologyInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsawPoland
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Matthias Bochtler
- Laboratory of Structural BiologyInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsawPoland
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural BiologyNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Jacek Lubkowski
- Center for Structural BiologyNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
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7
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Langford L, Shah DD. Bioinformatic Analysis of Sulfotransferases from an Unexplored Gut Microbe, Sutterella wadsworthensis 3_1_45B: Possible Roles towards Detoxification via Sulfonation by Members of the Human Gut Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2983. [PMID: 38474230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfonation, primarily facilitated by sulfotransferases, plays a crucial role in the detoxification pathways of endogenous substances and xenobiotics, promoting metabolism and elimination. Traditionally, this bioconversion has been attributed to a family of human cytosolic sulfotransferases (hSULTs) known for their high sequence similarity and dependence on 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) as a sulfo donor. However, recent studies have revealed the presence of PAPS-dependent sulfotransferases within gut commensals, indicating that the gut microbiome may harbor a diverse array of sulfotransferase enzymes and contribute to detoxification processes via sulfation. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of sulfotransferases in members of the human gut microbiome. Interestingly, we stumbled upon PAPS-independent sulfotransferases, known as aryl-sulfate sulfotransferases (ASSTs). Our bioinformatics analyses revealed that members of the gut microbial genus Sutterella harbor multiple asst genes, possibly encoding multiple ASST enzymes within its members. Fluctuations in the microbes of the genus Sutterella have been associated with various health conditions. For this reason, we characterized 17 different ASSTs from Sutterella wadsworthensis 3_1_45B. Our findings reveal that SwASSTs share similarities with E. coli ASST but also exhibit significant structural variations and sequence diversity. These differences might drive potential functional diversification and likely reflect an evolutionary divergence from their PAPS-dependent counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn Langford
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA
| | - Dhara D Shah
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA
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8
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Kim TH, Ju K, Kim SK, Woo SG, Lee JS, Lee CH, Rha E, Shin J, Kwon KK, Lee H, Kim H, Lee SG, Lee DH. Novel Signal Peptides and Episomal Plasmid System for Enhanced Protein Secretion in Engineered Bacteroides Species. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:648-657. [PMID: 38224571 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The genus Bacteroides, a predominant group in the human gut microbiome, presents significant potential for microbiome engineering and the development of live biotherapeutics aimed at treating gut diseases. Despite its promising capabilities, tools for effectively engineering Bacteroides species have been limited. In our study, we have made a breakthrough by identifying novel signal peptides in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Akkermansia muciniphila. These peptides facilitate efficient protein transport across cellular membranes in Bacteroides, a critical step for therapeutic applications. Additionally, we have developed an advanced episomal plasmid system. This system demonstrates superior protein secretion capabilities compared to traditional chromosomal integration plasmids, making it a vital tool for enhancing the delivery of therapeutic proteins in Bacteroides species. Initially, the stability of this episomal plasmid posed a challenge; however, we have overcome this by incorporating an essential gene-based selection system. This novel strategy not only ensures plasmid stability but also aligns with the growing need for antibiotic-free selection methods in clinical settings. Our work, therefore, not only provides a more robust secretion system for Bacteroides but also sets a new standard for the development of live biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kowoon Ju
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gyun Woo
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Rha
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyeok Shin
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil Koang Kwon
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Haseong Kim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Engineering Biology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Lee
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Engineering Biology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Engineering Biology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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9
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Gallego-Parrilla JJ, Severi E, Chandra G, Palmer T. Identification of novel tail-anchored membrane proteins integrated by the bacterial twin-arginine translocase. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001431. [PMID: 38363712 PMCID: PMC10924467 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The twin-arginine protein transport (Tat) system exports folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membranes of prokaryotes and the energy transducing-membranes of plant thylakoids and mitochondria. Proteins are targeted to the Tat machinery by N-terminal signal peptides with a conserved twin-arginine motif, and some substrates are exported as heterodimers where the signal peptide is present on one of the partner proteins. A subset of Tat substrates is found in the membrane. Tat-dependent membrane proteins usually have large globular domains and a single transmembrane helix present at the N- or C-terminus. Five Tat substrates that have C-terminal transmembrane helices have previously been characterized in the model bacterium Escherichia coli. Each of these is an iron-sulfur cluster-containing protein involved in electron transfer from hydrogen or formate. Here we have undertaken a bioinformatic search to identify further tail-anchored Tat substrates encoded in bacterial genomes. Our analysis has revealed additional tail-anchored iron-sulfur proteins associated in modules with either a b-type cytochrome or a quinol oxidase. We also identified further candidate tail-anchored Tat substrates, particularly among members of the actinobacterial phylum, that are not predicted to contain cofactors. Using reporter assays, we show experimentally that six of these have both N-terminal Tat signal peptides and C-terminal transmembrane helices. The newly identified proteins include a carboxypeptidase and a predicted protease, and four sortase substrates for which membrane integration is a prerequisite for covalent attachment to the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jesús Gallego-Parrilla
- Microbes in Health and Disease Theme, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emmanuele Severi
- Microbes in Health and Disease Theme, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Govind Chandra
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Tracy Palmer
- Microbes in Health and Disease Theme, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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10
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Oda K, Wlodawer A. Development of Enzyme-Based Approaches for Recycling PET on an Industrial Scale. Biochemistry 2024. [PMID: 38285602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Pollution by plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is now gaining worldwide attention as a critical environmental issue, closely linked to climate change. Among them, PET is particularly prone to hydrolysis, breaking down into its constituents, ethylene glycol (EG) and terephthalate (TPA). Biorecycling or bioupcycling stands out as one of the most promising methods for addressing PET pollution. For dealing with pollution by the macrosize PET, a French company Carbios has developed a pilot-scale plant for biorecycling waste PET beverage bottles into new bottles using derivatives of thermophilic leaf compost cutinase (LCC). However, this system still provides significant challenges in its practical implementation. For the micro- or nanosize PET pollution that poses significant human health risks, including cancer, no industrial-scale approach has been established so far, despite the need to develop such technologies. In this Perspective, we explore the enhancement of the low activity and thermostability of the enzyme PETase to match that of LCC, along with the potential application of microbes and enzymes for the treatment of waste PET as microplastics. Additionally, we discuss the shortcomings of the current biorecycling protocols from a life cycle assessment perspective, covering aspects such as the diversity of PET-hydrolyzing enzymes in nature, the catalytic mechanism for crystallized PET, and more. We also provide an overview of the Ideonella sakaiensis system, highlighting its ability to operate and grow at moderate temperatures, in contrast to high-temperature processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Oda
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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11
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Jiménez‐Guerrero I, López‐Baena FJ, Borrero‐de Acuña JM, Pérez‐Montaño F. Membrane vesicle engineering with "à la carte" bacterial-immunogenic molecules for organism-free plant vaccination. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2223-2235. [PMID: 37530752 PMCID: PMC10686165 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The United Nations heralds a world population exponential increase exceeding 9.7 billion by 2050. This poses the challenge of covering the nutritional needs of an overpopulated world by the hand of preserving the environment. Extensive agriculture practices harnessed the employment of fertilizers and pesticides to boost crop productivity and prevent economic and harvest yield losses attributed to plagues and diseases. Unfortunately, the concomitant hazardous effects stemmed from such agriculture techniques are cumbersome, that is, biodiversity loss, soils and waters contaminations, and human and animal poisoning. Hence, the so-called 'green agriculture' research revolves around designing novel biopesticides and plant growth-promoting bio-agents to the end of curbing the detrimental effects. In this field, microbe-plant interactions studies offer multiple possibilities for reshaping the plant holobiont physiology to its benefit. Along these lines, bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles emerge as an appealing molecular tool to capitalize on. These nanoparticles convey a manifold of molecules that mediate intricate bacteria-plant interactions including plant immunomodulation. Herein, we bring into the spotlight bacterial extracellular membrane vesicle engineering to encase immunomodulatory effectors into their cargo for their application as biocontrol agents. The overarching goal is achieving plant priming by deploying its innate immune responses thereby preventing upcoming infections.
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12
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Nguyen NL, Van Dung V, Van Tung N, Nguyen TKL, Quan ND, Giang TTH, Ngan NTT, Hien NT, Nguyen HH. Draft genome sequencing of halotolerant bacterium Salinicola sp. DM10 unravels plant growth-promoting potentials. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:416. [PMID: 38009164 PMCID: PMC10667196 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, strain DM10 was isolated from mangrove roots and characterized as a halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacterium. Strain DM10 exhibited the ability to solubilize phosphate, produce siderophore, show 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity, and hydrolyze starch. The rice plants subjected to a treatment of NaCl (200 mM) and inoculated with strain DM10 showed an improvement in the shoot length, root length, and dried weight, when compared to those exposed solely to saline treatment. The comprehensive genome sequencing of strain DM10 revealed a genome spanning of 4,171,745 bp, harboring 3626 protein coding sequences. Within its genome, strain DM10 possesses genes responsible for both salt-in and salt-out strategies, indicative of a robust genetic adaptation aimed at fostering salt tolerance. Additionally, the genome encodes genes involved in phosphate solubilization, such as the synthesis of gluconic acid, high-affinity phosphate transport systems, and alkaline phosphatase. In the genome of DM10, we identified the acdS gene, responsible for encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, as well as the amy1A gene, which encodes α-amylase. Furthermore, the genome of DM10 contains sequences associated with the iron (3+)-hydroxamate and iron uptake clusters, responsible for siderophore production. Such data provide a deep understanding of the mechanism employed by strain DM10 to combat osmotic and salinity stress, facilitate plant growth, and elucidate its molecular-level behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Lan Nguyen
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Vu Van Dung
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Tung
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thi Kim Lien Nguyen
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Quan
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Huong Giang
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Ngan
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Hien
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Huy-Hoang Nguyen
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi Vietnam
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13
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Lee HM, Thai TD, Lim W, Ren J, Na D. Functional small peptides for enhanced protein delivery, solubility, and secretion in microbial biotechnology. J Biotechnol 2023; 375:40-48. [PMID: 37652168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In microbial biotechnology, there is a constant demand for functional peptides to give new functionality to engineered proteins to address problems such as direct delivery of functional proteins into bacterial cells, enhanced protein solubility during the expression of recombinant proteins, and efficient protein secretion from bacteria. To tackle these critical issues, we selected three types of functional small peptides: cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) enable the delivery of diverse cargoes into bacterial cytoplasm for a variety of purposes, protein-solubilizing peptide tags demonstrate remarkable efficiency in solubilizing recombinant proteins without folding interference, and signal peptides play a key role in enabling the secretion of recombinant proteins from bacterial cells. In this review, we introduced these three functional small peptides that offer effective solutions to address emerging problems in microbial biotechnology. Additionally, we summarized various engineering efforts aimed at enhancing the activity and performance of these peptides, thereby providing valuable insights into their potential for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Mi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, the Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Duc Thai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, the Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseop Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Dokyun Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, the Republic of Korea.
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14
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DiBenedetto NV, Oberkampf M, Cersosimo L, Yeliseyev V, Bry L, Peltier J, Dupuy B. The TcdE holin drives toxin secretion and virulence in Clostridioides difficile. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.16.558055. [PMID: 37745472 PMCID: PMC10516005 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.16.558055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of healthcare associated infections. The Pathogenicity Locus (PaLoc) toxins TcdA and TcdB promote host disease. These toxins lack canonical N-terminal signal sequences for translocation across the bacterial membrane, suggesting alternate mechanisms of release, which have included targeted secretion and passive release from cell lysis. While the holin TcdE has been implicated in TcdA and TcdB release, its role in vivo remains unknown. Here, we show profound reductions in toxin secretion in ΔtcdE mutants in the highly virulent strains UK1 (epidemic ribotype 027, Clade 3) and VPI10463 (ribotype 087, Clade 1). Notably, tcdE deletion in either strain rescued highly susceptible gnotobiotic mice from lethal infection by reducing acute extracellular toxin to undetectable levels, limiting mucosal damage, and enabling long-term survival, in spite of continued toxin gene expression in ΔtcdE mutants. Our findings confirm TcdE's critical functions in vivo for toxin secretion and C. difficile virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V DiBenedetto
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Dept. Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Oberkampf
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - L Cersosimo
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Dept. Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V Yeliseyev
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Dept. Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Bry
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Dept. Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Peltier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Dupuy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015 Paris, France
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15
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Wang Y, Kim M, Buckley C, Maynard HD, Langley RJ, Perry JK. Growth hormone receptor agonists and antagonists: From protein expression and purification to long-acting formulations. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4727. [PMID: 37428391 PMCID: PMC10443362 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and GH receptor antagonists (GHAs) are used clinically to treat a range of disorders associated with GH deficiency or hypersecretion, respectively. However, these biotherapeutics can be difficult and expensive to manufacture with multiple challenges from recombinant protein generation through to the development of long-acting formulations required to improve the circulating half-life of the drug. In this review, we summarize methodologies and approaches used for making and purifying recombinant GH and GHA proteins, and strategies to improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, including PEGylation and fusion proteins. Therapeutics that are in clinical use or are currently under development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Minah Kim
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Chantal Buckley
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ries J. Langley
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Jo K. Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryAucklandNew Zealand
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16
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Alghamdi AK, Parween S, Hirt H, Saad MM. Complete genome sequence analysis of plant growth-promoting bacterium, Isoptericola sp. AK164 isolated from the rhizosphere of Avicennia marina growing at the Red Sea coast. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:307. [PMID: 37580455 PMCID: PMC10425560 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Isoptericola sp. AK164 is a Gram-positive, aerobic bacterial genus from the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the root rhizosphere of Avicennia marina. AK164 significantly enhanced the growth of the Arabidopsis thaliana plant under normal and saline conditions. These bacteria can produce ACC deaminase and several enzymes playing a role in carbohydrate hydrolyses, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and chitin degradation, which may contribute to plant growth, salt tolerance, and stress elevation. The genome sequence AK164 has a single circular chromosome of approximately 3.57 Mbp with a GC content of 73.53%. A whole genome sequence comparison of AK164 with type strains from the same genus, using digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity calculations, revealed that AK164 might potentially belong to a new species of Isoptericola. Genome data and biochemical analyses indicate that AK164 could be a potential biostimulant for improving agriculture in submerged saline land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Khalaf Alghamdi
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha Parween
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged M Saad
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Kadeřábková N, Mahmood AJS, Furniss RCD, Mavridou DAI. Making a chink in their armor: Current and next-generation antimicrobial strategies against the bacterial cell envelope. Adv Microb Physiol 2023; 83:221-307. [PMID: 37507160 PMCID: PMC10517717 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are uniquely equipped to defeat antibiotics. Their outermost layer, the cell envelope, is a natural permeability barrier that contains an array of resistance proteins capable of neutralizing most existing antimicrobials. As a result, its presence creates a major obstacle for the treatment of resistant infections and for the development of new antibiotics. Despite this seemingly impenetrable armor, in-depth understanding of the cell envelope, including structural, functional and systems biology insights, has promoted efforts to target it that can ultimately lead to the generation of new antibacterial therapies. In this article, we broadly overview the biology of the cell envelope and highlight attempts and successes in generating inhibitors that impair its function or biogenesis. We argue that the very structure that has hampered antibiotic discovery for decades has untapped potential for the design of novel next-generation therapeutics against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Kadeřábková
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Ayesha J S Mahmood
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - R Christopher D Furniss
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Despoina A I Mavridou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; John Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
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18
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Saha R, Mukherjee S, Singh B, De S, Weiss MS, Das AK. Crystal structure of a mycobacterial secretory protein Rv0398c and in silico prediction of its export pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:45-53. [PMID: 37336124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Secretory proteins are used by pathogenic bacteria to manipulate the host systems and compete with other microorganisms, thereby enabling their survival in their host. Similar to other bacteria, secretory proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis also play a pivotal role in evading immune response within hosts, thereby leading to acute and latent tuberculosis infection. Prokaryotes have several classes of bacterial secretory systems out of which the Sec and Tat pathways are the most conserved in Mtb to transport proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. Here, we report the crystal structure of a secretory protein, Rv0398c determined to 1.9 Å resolution. The protein comprises a core of antiparallel β sheets surrounded by α helices adopting a unique β sandwich fold. Structural comparison with other secretory proteins in Mtb and other pathogenic bacteria reveals that Rv0398c may be secreted via the Sec pathway. Our structural and in silico analyses thus provide mechanistic insights into the pathway adopted by Mtb to transport out secretory protein, Rv0398c which will facilitate the invasion to the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Bina Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Soumya De
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Manfred S Weiss
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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19
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Wang J, Liu S, Ren P, Jia F, Kang F, Wang R, Xue R, Yan X, Huang L. A novel protein elicitor (PeSy1) from Saccharothrix yanglingensis induces plant resistance and interacts with a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase in Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:436-451. [PMID: 36872468 PMCID: PMC10098051 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a rare actinomycete Saccharothrix yanglingensis Hhs.015 with strong biocontrol ability, which can colonize plant tissues and induce resistance, but the key elicitor and immune mechanisms were unclear. In this study, a novel protein elicitor screened from the genome of Hhs.015, PeSy1 (protein elicitor of S. yanglingensis 1), could induce a strong hypersensitive response (HR) and resistance in plants. The PeSy1 gene encodes an 11 kDa protein with 109 amino acids that is conserved in Saccharothrix species. PeSy1-His recombinant protein induced early defence events such as a cellular reactive oxygen species burst, callose deposition, and the activation of defence hormone signalling pathways, which enhanced Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora capsici, and Solanum lycopersicum resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Through pull-down and mass spectrometry, candidate proteins that interacted with PeSy1 were obtained from N. benthamiana. We confirmed the interaction between receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase RSy1 (Response to PeSy1) and PeSy1 using co-immunoprecipitation, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and microscale thermophoresis. PeSy1 treatment promoted up-regulation of marker genes in pattern-triggered immunity. The cell death it elicited was dependent on the co-receptors NbBAK1 and NbSOBIR1, suggesting that PeSy1 acts as a microbe-associated molecular pattern from Hhs.015. Additionally, RSy1 positively regulated PeSy1-induced plants resistant to S. sclerotiorum. In conclusion, our results demonstrated a novel receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase in the plant perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns, and the potential of PeSy1 in induced resistance provided a new strategy for biological control of actinomycetes in agricultural diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Wang
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shang Liu
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Peng Ren
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Fengguo Jia
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Feng Kang
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Ruolin Wang
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Renzheng Xue
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xia Yan
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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20
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Valifard M, Fernie AR, Kitashova A, Nägele T, Schröder R, Meinert M, Pommerrenig B, Mehner-Breitfeld D, Witte CP, Brüser T, Keller I, Neuhaus HE. The novel chloroplast glucose transporter pGlcT2 affects adaptation to extended light periods. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104741. [PMID: 37088133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular sugar compartmentation is critical in plant development and acclimation to challenging environmental conditions. Sugar transport proteins are present in plasma membranes and in membranes of organelles such as vacuoles, the Golgi apparatus, and plastids. However, there may exist other transport proteins with uncharacterized roles in sugar compartmentation. Here we report one such, a novel transporter of the Monosaccharide Transporter Family (MSF), the closest phylogenetic homolog of which is the chloroplast-localized glucose transporter pGlcT and that we therefore term plastidic glucose transporter 2 (pGlcT2). We show, using gene-complemented glucose uptake deficiency of an Escherichia coli ptsG/manXYZ mutant strain and biochemical characterization, that this protein specifically facilitates glucose transport, whereas other sugars do not serve as substrates. In addition, we demonstrate pGlcT2-GFP localized to the chloroplast envelope, and that pGlcT2 is mainly produced in seedlings and in the rosette center of mature Arabidopsis plants. Therefore, in conjunction with molecular and metabolic data, we propose pGlcT2 acts as a glucose importer that can limit cytosolic glucose availability in developing pGlcT2-overexpressing seedlings. Finally, we show both overexpression and deletion of pGlcT2 resulted in impaired growth efficiency under long day and continuous light conditions, suggesting pGlcT2 contributes to a release of glucose derived from starch mobilization late in the light phase. Together, these data indicate the facilitator pGlcT2 changes the direction in which it transports glucose during plant development and suggest the activity of pGlcT2 must be controlled spatially and temporarily in order to prevent developmental defects during adaptation to periods of extended light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Valifard
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kitashova
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rebekka Schröder
- Leibniz University Hannover, Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melissa Meinert
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Denise Mehner-Breitfeld
- Leibniz University Hanover, Institute of Microbiology, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Leibniz University Hannover, Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüser
- Leibniz University Hanover, Institute of Microbiology, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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21
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Nguyen M, Wu TH, Danielson K, Khan N, Zhang J, Craig L. Mechanism of secretion of TcpF by the Vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212664120. [PMID: 37040409 PMCID: PMC10120004 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212664120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria possess dynamic filaments called Type IV pili (T4P) that perform diverse functions in colonization and dissemination, including host cell adhesion, DNA uptake, and secretion of protein substrates-exoproteins-from the periplasm to the extracellular space. The Vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) and the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli CFA/III pilus each mediates export of a single exoprotein, TcpF and CofJ, respectively. Here, we show that the disordered N-terminal segment of mature TcpF is the export signal (ES) recognized by TCP. Deletion of the ES disrupts secretion and causes TcpF to accumulate in the V. cholerae periplasm. The ES alone can mediate export of Neisseria gonorrhoeae FbpA by V. cholerae in a T4P-dependent manner. The ES is specific for its autologous T4P machinery as CofJ bearing the TcpF ES is exported by V. cholerae, whereas TcpF bearing the CofJ ES is not. Specificity is mediated by binding of the ES to TcpB, a minor pilin that primes pilus assembly and forms a trimer at the pilus tip. Finally, the ES is proteolyzed from the mature TcpF protein upon secretion. Together, these results provide a mechanism for delivery of TcpF across the outer membrane and release into the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tzu-Hui Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Katie J. Danielson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nabeel M. Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - John Zhijia Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Lisa Craig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
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22
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Sharma KK, Singh D, Mohite SV, Williamson PR, Kennedy JF. Metal manipulators and regulators in human pathogens: A comprehensive review on microbial redox copper metalloenzymes "multicopper oxidases and superoxide dismutases". Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123534. [PMID: 36740121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of metal ions with human pathogens is essential for their survival, energy generation, redox signaling, and niche dominance. To regulate and manipulate the metal ions, various enzymes and metal chelators are present in pathogenic bacteria. Metalloenzymes incorporate transition metal such as iron, zinc, cobalt, and copper in their reaction centers to perform essential metabolic functions; however, iron and copper have gained more importance. Multicopper oxidases have the ability to perform redox reaction on phenolic substrates with the help of copper ions. They have been reported from Enterobacteriaceae, namely Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica, but their role in virulence is still poorly understood. Similarly, superoxide dismutases participate in reducing oxidative stress and allow the survival of pathogens. Their role in virulence and survival is well established in Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further, to ensure survival against stress, like metal starvation or metal toxicity, redox metalloenzymes and metal transportation systems of pathogens actively participate in metal homeostasis. Recently, the omics and protein structure biology studies have helped to predict new targets for regulation the colonization potential of the pathogenic strains. The current review is focused on the major roles of redox metalloenzymes, especially MCOs and SODs of human pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Gut Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Deepti Singh
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Gut Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Shreya Vishwas Mohite
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Gut Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Peter R Williamson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, 5 the Croft, Buntsford Drive, Stoke Heath, Bromsgrove, Worcs B60 4JE, UK
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23
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Lovelace AH, Dorhmi S, Hulin MT, Li Y, Mansfield JW, Ma W. Effector Identification in Plant Pathogens. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:637-650. [PMID: 37126080 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-22-0337-kd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Effectors play a central role in determining the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. As key virulence proteins, effectors are collectively indispensable for disease development. By understanding the virulence mechanisms of effectors, fundamental knowledge of microbial pathogenesis and disease resistance have been revealed. Effectors are also considered double-edged swords because some of them activate immunity in disease resistant plants after being recognized by specific immune receptors, which evolved to monitor pathogen presence or activity. Characterization of effector recognition by their cognate immune receptors and the downstream immune signaling pathways is instrumental in implementing resistance. Over the past decades, substantial research effort has focused on effector biology, especially concerning their interactions with virulence targets or immune receptors in plant cells. A foundation of this research is robust identification of the effector repertoire from a given pathogen, which depends heavily on bioinformatic prediction. In this review, we summarize methodologies that have been used for effector mining in various microbial pathogens which use different effector delivery mechanisms. We also discuss current limitations and provide perspectives on how recently developed analytic tools and technologies may facilitate effector identification and hence generation of a more complete vision of host-pathogen interactions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Dorhmi
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
| | | | - Yufei Li
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - John W Mansfield
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BX, U.K
| | - Wenbo Ma
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K
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24
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Liang Y, Zhao Y, Kwan J, Wang Y, Qiao Y. Escherichia coli has robust regulatory mechanisms against elevated peptidoglycan cleavage by lytic transglycosylases. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104615. [PMID: 36931392 PMCID: PMC10139938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential and conserved exoskeletal component in all bacteria that protects cells from lysis. Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli encode multiple redundant lytic transglycosylases (LTs) that engage in PG cleavage, a potentially lethal activity requiring proper regulation to prevent autolysis. To elucidate the potential effects and cellular regulatory mechanisms of elevated LT activity, we individually cloned the periplasmic domains of two membrane-bound LTs, MltA and MltB under the control of the arabinose-inducible system for overexpression in the periplasmic space in E. coli. Interestingly, upon induction, the culture undergoes an initial period of cell lysis followed by robust growth restoration. The LT-overexpressing E. coli exhibits altered morphology with larger spherical cells, which is in line with the weakening of the PG layer due to aberrant LT activity. On the other hand, the restored cells display a similar rod shape and peptidoglycan profile that is indistinguishable from the uninduced control. Quantitative proteomics analysis of the restored cells identified significant protein enrichment in the regulator of capsule synthesis (Rcs) regulon, a two-component stress response known to be specifically activated by PG damage. We showed that LT-overexpressing E. coli with an inactivated Rcs system partially impairs the growth restoration process, supporting the involvement of the Rcs system in countering aberrant PG cleavage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the elevated LT activity specifically potentiates β-lactam antibiotics against E. coli with a defective Rcs regulon, suggesting the dual effects of augmented PG cleavage and blocked PG synthesis as a potential antimicrobial strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaquan Liang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore 637371
| | - Yilin Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore 637371
| | - JericMunChung Kwan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore 637371
| | - Yue Wang
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Singapore 138648
| | - Yuan Qiao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore 637371.
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25
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Arauzo‐Aguilera K, Saaranen MJ, Robinson C, Ruddock LW. Highly efficient export of a disulfide‐bonded protein to the periplasm and medium by the Tat pathway using CyDisCo in Escherichia coli. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1350. [PMID: 37186227 PMCID: PMC9995818 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High‐value heterologous proteins produced in Escherichia coli that contain disulfide bonds are almost invariably targeted to the periplasm via the Sec pathway as it, among other advantages, enables disulfide bond formation and simplifies downstream processing. However, the Sec system cannot transport complex or rapidly folding proteins, as it only transports proteins in an unfolded state. The Tat system also transports proteins to the periplasm, and it has significant potential as an alternative means of recombinant protein production because it transports fully folded proteins. Most of the studies related to Tat secretion have used the well‐studied TorA signal peptide that is Tat‐specific, but this signal peptide also tends to induce degradation of the protein of interest, resulting in lower yields. This makes it difficult to use Tat in the industry. In this study, we show that a model disulfide bond‐containing protein, YebF, can be exported to the periplasm and media at a very high level by the Tat pathway in a manner almost completely dependent on cytoplasmic disulfide formation, by other two putative Tat SPs: those of MdoD and AmiC. In contrast, the TorA SP exports YebF at a low level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirva J. Saaranen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | | | - Lloyd W. Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
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26
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He L, Tang W, Huang L, Zhou W, Huang S, Zou L, Yuan L, Men D, Chen S, Hu Y. Rational design of a genome-based insulated system in Escherichia coli facilitates heterologous uricase expression for hyperuricemia treatment. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10449. [PMID: 36925686 PMCID: PMC10013758 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a prevalent disease worldwide that is characterized by elevated urate levels in the blood owing to purine metabolic disorders, which can result in gout and comorbidities. To facilitate the treatment of hyperuricemia through the uricolysis, we engineered a probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) named EcN C6 by inserting an FtsP-uricase cassette into an "insulated site" located between the uspG and ahpF genes. Expression of FtsP-uricase in this insulated region did not influence the probiotic properties or global gene transcription of EcN but strongly increased the enzymatic activity for urate degeneration, suggesting that the genome-based insulated system is an ideal strategy for EcN modification. Oral administration of EcN C6 successfully alleviated hyperuricemia, related symptoms and gut microbiota in a purine-rich food-induced hyperuricemia rat model and a uox-knockout mouse model. Together, our study provides an insulated site for heterologous gene expression in EcN strain and a recombinant EcN C6 strain as a safe and effective therapeutic candidate for hyperuricemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wei Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Ling Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shaojia Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Linxuan Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lisha Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Dong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Shiyun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Yangbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China.,Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory Wuhan China
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27
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Misal SA, Ovhal SD, Li S, Karty JA, Tang H, Radivojac P, Reilly JP. Non-Specific Signal Peptidase Processing of Extracellular Proteins in Staphylococcus aureus N315. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11010008. [PMID: 36810564 PMCID: PMC9944065 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major community-acquired human pathogens, with growing multidrug-resistance, leading to a major threat of more prevalent infections to humans. A variety of virulence factors and toxic proteins are secreted during infection via the general secretory (Sec) pathway, which requires an N-terminal signal peptide to be cleaved from the N-terminus of the protein. This N-terminal signal peptide is recognized and processed by a type I signal peptidase (SPase). SPase-mediated signal peptide processing is the crucial step in the pathogenicity of S. aureus. In the present study, the SPase-mediated N-terminal protein processing and their cleavage specificity were evaluated using a combination of N-terminal amidination bottom-up and top-down proteomics-based mass spectrometry approaches. Secretory proteins were found to be cleaved by SPase, specifically and non-specifically, on both sides of the normal SPase cleavage site. The non-specific cleavages occur at the relatively smaller residues that are present next to the -1, +1, and +2 locations from the original SPase cleavage site to a lesser extent. Additional random cleavages at the middle and near the C-terminus of some protein sequences were also observed. This additional processing could be a part of some stress conditions and unknown signal peptidase mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh A. Misal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-761-7277
| | - Shital D. Ovhal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Sujun Li
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Karty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Haixu Tang
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Predrag Radivojac
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, 177 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James P. Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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28
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Wang Y, Zeng M, Xia L, Valerie Olovo C, Su Z, Zhang Y. Bacterial strategies for immune systems - Role of the type VI secretion system. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109550. [PMID: 36525796 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The process of host infection by bacteria is complicated. Bacterial infections strongly induce the host immune system, which necessitates a robust clearance of the infection. However, bacteria have over time developed strategies that enable their evasion of attacks by the host immune system. One such strategy is the type VI secretion system (T6SS), a special needle-like secretion system that is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for delivering effector proteins into the external bacterial environment or directly into the host cell cytosol. Bacterial T6SS and its secreted effector proteins play an important role in the interaction between bacteria and host immune system. They also serve as antigens that are employed in the development of vaccines for clinical trials as well as future vaccine candidates. This review focuses mainly on aspects of T6SS effectors that impact the strength of the host immune system, including inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis (silent programmed cell death). The T6SS-based vaccines are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Wang
- Institute for Medical Immunology of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Minmin Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China; International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chinasa Valerie Olovo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- Institute for Medical Immunology of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute for Medical Immunology of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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29
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Do TTT, Nguyen-Vo TH, Pham HT, Trinh QH, Nguyen BP. iNSP-GCAAP: Identifying nonclassical secreted proteins using global composition of amino acid properties. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2100134. [PMID: 36401584 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonclassical secreted proteins (NSPs) refer to a group of proteins released into the extracellular environment under the facilitation of different biological transporting pathways apart from the Sec/Tat system. As experimental determination of NSPs is often costly and requires skilled handling techniques, computational approaches are necessary. In this study, we introduce iNSP-GCAAP, a computational prediction framework, to identify NSPs. We propose using global composition of a customized set of amino acid properties to encode sequence data and use the random forest (RF) algorithm for classification. We used the training dataset introduced by Zhang et al. (Bioinformatics, 36(3), 704-712, 2020) to develop our model and test it with the independent test set in the same study. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve on that test set was 0.9256, which outperformed other state-of-the-art methods using the same datasets. Our framework is also deployed as a user-friendly web-based application to support the research community to predict NSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T T Do
- School of Innovation, Design and Technology, Wellington Institute of Technology, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Thanh-Hoang Nguyen-Vo
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Hung T Pham
- Faculty of Information Technology, Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang H Trinh
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Binh P Nguyen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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30
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Ghosh D, Kokane S, Savita BK, Kumar P, Sharma AK, Ozcan A, Kokane A, Santra S. Huanglongbing Pandemic: Current Challenges and Emerging Management Strategies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:plants12010160. [PMID: 36616289 PMCID: PMC9824665 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB, aka citrus greening), one of the most devastating diseases of citrus, has wreaked havoc on the global citrus industry in recent decades. The culprit behind such a gloomy scenario is the phloem-limited bacteria "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas), which are transmitted via psyllid. To date, there are no effective long-termcommercialized control measures for HLB, making it increasingly difficult to prevent the disease spread. To combat HLB effectively, introduction of multipronged management strategies towards controlling CLas population within the phloem system is deemed necessary. This article presents a comprehensive review of up-to-date scientific information about HLB, including currently available management practices and unprecedented challenges associated with the disease control. Additionally, a triangular disease management approach has been introduced targeting pathogen, host, and vector. Pathogen-targeting approaches include (i) inhibition of important proteins of CLas, (ii) use of the most efficient antimicrobial or immunity-inducing compounds to suppress the growth of CLas, and (iii) use of tools to suppress or kill the CLas. Approaches for targeting the host include (i) improvement of the host immune system, (ii) effective use of transgenic variety to build the host's resistance against CLas, and (iii) induction of systemic acquired resistance. Strategies for targeting the vector include (i) chemical and biological control and (ii) eradication of HLB-affected trees. Finally, a hypothetical model for integrated disease management has been discussed to mitigate the HLB pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, India
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (A.K.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sunil Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Savita
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Pranav Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (A.K.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ali Ozcan
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Turkey
- Scientific and Technological Studies Application and Research Center, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Turkey
| | - Amol Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Swadeshmukul Santra
- Departments of Chemistry, Nano Science Technology Center, and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (A.K.S.); (S.S.)
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31
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Jiang Z, Xie X, Li Z, Ban X, Gu Z, Tang X, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li C. Regulation of Cell Membrane Permeability Enhanced the Non-Classical Secretion of γ-Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase in Bacillus subtilis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:16307-16315. [PMID: 36524966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
γ-Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (γ-CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19) is an essential enzyme required in the production of γ-cyclodextrin, which shows huge prospects in the food, medicine, materials, and chemical industries. In this study, γ-CGTase from Bacillus sp. G-825-6 STB17 was successfully cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis WB600. The final extracellular activity of γ-CGTase can reach 45.34 U/mL with the deletion of the signal peptide, which was about 11.3 times of the initial level of γ-CGTase secreted by the general pathway. By monitoring the whole cultivation process, secretion was divided into two stages, which were dominated by cell membrane changes and apoptosis. The measurement of lactate dehydrogenase and the results of fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the cell membrane permeability changed significantly in the middle stage of fermentation, proving that it played a crucial role in the non-classical secretion of γ-CGTase. Furthermore, the addition of Triton X-100, a non-ionic surfactant, remarkably enhanced the secretion level of γ-CGTase by 21.5%, which was caused by the increase in cell membrane permeability. This work is the first to obtain the extracellular expression of CGTase via the non-classical secretion pathway in B. subtilis and provides a new strategy to enhance extracellular expression by regulating the cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshu Tang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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32
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SurA-like and Skp-like Proteins as Important Virulence Determinants of the Gram Negative Bacterial Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010295. [PMID: 36613738 PMCID: PMC9820271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Gram-negative bacteria, many important virulence factors reach their destination via two-step export systems, and they must traverse the periplasmic space before reaching the outer membrane. Since these proteins must be maintained in a structure competent for transport into or across the membrane, they frequently require the assistance of chaperones. Based on the results obtained for the model bacterium Escherichia coli and related species, it is assumed that in the biogenesis of the outer membrane proteins and the periplasmic transit of secretory proteins, the SurA peptidyl-prolyl isomerase/chaperone plays a leading role, while the Skp chaperone is rather of secondary importance. However, detailed studies carried out on several other Gram-negative pathogens indicate that the importance of individual chaperones in the folding and transport processes depends on the properties of client proteins and is species-specific. Taking into account the importance of SurA functions in bacterial virulence and severity of phenotypes due to surA mutations, this folding factor is considered as a putative therapeutic target to combat microbial infections. In this review, we present recent findings regarding SurA and Skp proteins: their mechanisms of action, involvement in processes related to virulence, and perspectives to use them as therapeutic targets.
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Endotoxin-free gram-negative bacterium as a system for production and secretion of recombinant proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 107:287-298. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Brüser T, Mehner-Breitfeld D. Occurrence and potential mechanism of holin-mediated non-lytic protein translocation in bacteria. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2022; 9:159-173. [PMID: 36262927 PMCID: PMC9527704 DOI: 10.15698/mic2022.10.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Holins are generally believed to generate large membrane lesions that permit the passage of endolysins across the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes, ultimately resulting in cell wall degradation and cell lysis. However, there are more and more examples known for non-lytic holin-dependent secretion of proteins by bacteria, indicating that holins somehow can transport proteins without causing large membrane lesions. Phage-derived holins can be used for a non-lytic endolysin translocation to permeabilize the cell wall for the passage of secreted proteins. In addition, clostridia, which do not possess the Tat pathway for transport of folded proteins, most likely employ non-lytic holin-mediated transport also for secretion of toxins and bacteriocins that are incompatible with the general Sec pathway. The mechanism for non-lytic holin-mediated transport is unknown, but the recent finding that the small holin TpeE mediates a non-lytic toxin secretion in Clostridium perfringens opened new perspectives. TpeE contains only one short transmembrane helix that is followed by an amphipathic helix, which is reminiscent of TatA, the membrane-permeabilizing component of the Tat translocon for folded proteins. Here we review the known cases of non-lytic holin-mediated transport and then focus on the structural and functional comparison of TatA and TpeE, resulting in a mechanistic model for holin-mediated transport. This model is strongly supported by a so far not recognized naturally occurring holin-endolysin fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brüser
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Sharma A, Chowdhury R, Musser SM. Oligomerization state of the functional bacterial twin-arginine translocation (Tat) receptor complex. Commun Biol 2022; 5:988. [PMID: 36123532 PMCID: PMC9485244 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system transports folded proteins across bacterial and plastid energy transducing membranes. Ion leaks are generally considered to be mitigated by the creation and destruction of the translocation conduit in a cargo-dependent manner, a mechanism that enables tight sealing around a wide range of cargo shapes and sizes. In contrast to the variable stoichiometry of the active translocon, the oligomerization state of the receptor complex is considered more consistently stable but has proved stubbornly difficult to establish. Here, using a single molecule photobleaching analysis of individual inverted membrane vesicles, we demonstrate that Tat receptor complexes are tetrameric in native membranes with respect to both TatB and TatC. This establishes a maximal diameter for a resting state closed pore. A large percentage of Tat-deficient vesicles explains the typically low transport efficiencies observed. This individual reaction chamber approach will facilitate examination of the effects of stochastically distributed molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankith Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Siegfried M Musser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Novoa-Aponte L, Argüello JM. Unique underlying principles shaping copper homeostasis networks. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:509-528. [PMID: 35802193 PMCID: PMC9470648 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Copper is essential in cells as a cofactor for key redox enzymes. Bacteria have acquired molecular components that sense, uptake, distribute, and expel copper ensuring that cuproenzymes are metallated and steady-state metal levels are maintained. Toward preventing deleterious reactions, proteins bind copper ions with high affinities and transfer the metal via ligand exchange, warranting that copper ions are always complexed. Consequently, the directional copper distribution within cell compartments and across cell membranes requires specific dynamic interactions and metal exchange between cognate holo-apo protein partners. These metal exchange reactions are determined by thermodynamic and kinetics parameters and influenced by mass action. Then, copper distribution can be conceptualized as a molecular system of singular interacting elements that maintain a physiological copper homeostasis. This review focuses on the impact of copper high-affinity binding and exchange reactions on the homeostatic mechanisms, the conceptual models to describe the cell as a homeostatic system, the various molecule functions that contribute to copper homeostasis, and the alternative system architectures responsible for copper homeostasis in model bacteria. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Novoa-Aponte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Genetics and Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - José M Argüello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Smythe P, Efthimiou G. In Silico Genomic and Metabolic Atlas of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016: An Insight into Human Health. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071341. [PMID: 35889060 PMCID: PMC9320016 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are bacterial strains that are known to provide host health benefits. Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a well-documented lactic acid bacterium that has been cultured from numerous human sites. The strain investigated was L. reuteri DSM 20016, which has been found to produce useful metabolites. The strain was explored using genomic and proteomic tools, manual searches, and databases, including KEGG, STRING, BLAST Sequence Similarity Search, and UniProt. This study located over 200 key genes that were involved in human health benefit pathways. L. reuteri DSM 20016 has metabolic pathways to produce acetate, propionate, and lactate, and there is evidence of a pathway for butanoate production through a FASII mechanism. The bacterium produces histamine through the hdc operon, which may be able to suppress proinflammatory TNF, and the bacterium also has the ability to synthesize folate and riboflavin, although whether they are secreted is yet to be explored. The strain can bind to human Caco2 cells through srtA, mapA/cnb, msrB, and fbpA and can compete against enteric bacteria using reuterin, which is an antimicrobial that induces oxidative stress. The atlas could be used for designing metabolic engineering approaches to improve beneficial metabolite biosynthesis and better probiotic-based cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paisleigh Smythe
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Daisy Building, Hull HU16 5JQ, UK;
| | - Georgios Efthimiou
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hardy Building, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1482-465970
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Clarke KR, Hor L, Pilapitiya A, Luirink J, Paxman JJ, Heras B. Phylogenetic Classification and Functional Review of Autotransporters. Front Immunol 2022; 13:921272. [PMID: 35860281 PMCID: PMC9289746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotransporters are the core component of a molecular nano-machine that delivers cargo proteins across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Part of the type V secretion system, this large family of proteins play a central role in controlling bacterial interactions with their environment by promoting adhesion to surfaces, biofilm formation, host colonization and invasion as well as cytotoxicity and immunomodulation. As such, autotransporters are key facilitators of fitness and pathogenesis and enable co-operation or competition with other bacteria. Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of autotransporter sequences reported and a steady rise in functional studies, which further link these proteins to multiple virulence phenotypes. In this review we provide an overview of our current knowledge on classical autotransporter proteins, the archetype of this protein superfamily. We also carry out a phylogenetic analysis of their functional domains and present a new classification system for this exquisitely diverse group of bacterial proteins. The sixteen phylogenetic divisions identified establish sensible relationships between well characterized autotransporters and inform structural and functional predictions of uncharacterized proteins, which may guide future research aimed at addressing multiple unanswered aspects in this group of therapeutically important bacterial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin R. Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lilian Hor
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Akila Pilapitiya
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jason J. Paxman
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Begoña Heras, ; Jason J. Paxman,
| | - Begoña Heras
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Begoña Heras, ; Jason J. Paxman,
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Lisov AV, Kiselev SS, Trubitsina LI, Belova OV, Andreeva-Kovalevskaya ZI, Trubitsin IV, Shushkova TV, Leontievsky AA. Multifunctional Enzyme with Endoglucanase and Alginase/Glucuronan Lyase Activities from Bacterium Cellulophaga lytica. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:617-627. [PMID: 36154882 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922070045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellulophaga lytica is a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium in the genome of which there are many genes encoding polysaccharide degrading enzymes. One of the enzymes named ClGP contains a glycoside hydrolase domain from the GH5 family and a polysaccharide lyase domain from the PL31 family. The enzyme also contains the TAT signaling peptide and the TIGR04183 domain that indicates extracellular nature of the enzyme. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that the enzymes most closely related to ClGP and containing all four domains (TAT, GH5, PL31, TIGR04183) are widespread among bacterial species belonging to the Flavobacteriaceae family. ClGP produced by the recombinant strain of E. coli was purified and characterized. ClGP exhibited activity of endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and catalyzed hydrolysis of β-D-glucan, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC-Na), and amorphous cellulose, but failed to hydrolyze microcrystalline cellulose and xylan. Products of CMC hydrolysis were cellobiose and cellotriose, whereas β-D-glucan was hydrolyzed to glucose, cellobiose, cellotetraose, and cellopentaose. ClGP was more active against the poly-β-D-mannuronate blocks than against the poly-α-L-glucuronate blocks of alginic acid. This indicates that the enzyme is a polyM lyase (EC 4.2.2.3). ClGP was active against polyglucuronic acid, so it displayed a glucuronan lyase (EC 4.2.2.14) activity. The enzyme had a neutral pH-optimum, was stable in the pH range 6.0-8.0, and displayed moderate thermal stability. ClGP effectively saccharified two species of brown algae, Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata, that suggests its potential for use in the production of biofuel from macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Lisov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Sergei S Kiselev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Liubov I Trubitsina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Oxana V Belova
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Zhanna I Andreeva-Kovalevskaya
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Ivan V Trubitsin
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Shushkova
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Alexey A Leontievsky
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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Nicholson KR, Champion PA. Bacterial secretion systems: Networks of pathogenic regulation and adaptation in mycobacteria and beyond. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010610. [PMID: 35834482 PMCID: PMC9282442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R. Nicholson
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Champion
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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Secretory proteins of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and their roles in modulation of host immune responses: focus on therapeutic targets. FEBS J 2022; 289:4146-4171. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sugue MF, Burdur AN, Ringel MT, Dräger G, Brüser T. PvdM of fluorescent pseudomonads is required for the oxidation of ferribactin by PvdP in periplasmic pyoverdine maturation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102201. [PMID: 35764171 PMCID: PMC9305348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent pseudomonads such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas fluorescens produce pyoverdine siderophores that ensure iron-supply in iron-limited environments. After its synthesis in the cytoplasm, the nonfluorescent pyoverdine precursor ferribactin is exported into the periplasm, where the enzymes PvdQ, PvdP, PvdO, PvdN, and PtaA are responsible for fluorophore maturation and tailoring steps. While the roles of all these enzymes are clear, little is known about the role of PvdM, a human renal dipeptidase–related protein that is predicted to be periplasmic and that is essential for pyoverdine biogenesis. Here, we reveal the subcellular localization and functional role of PvdM. Using the model organism P. fluorescens, we show that PvdM is anchored to the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane, where it is indispensable for the activity of the tyrosinase PvdP. While PvdM does not share the metallopeptidase function of renal dipeptidase, it still has the corresponding peptide-binding site. The substrate of PvdP, deacylated ferribactin, is secreted by a ΔpvdM mutant strain, indicating that PvdM prevents loss of this periplasmic biosynthesis intermediate into the medium by ensuring the efficient transfer of ferribactin to PvdP in vivo. We propose that PvdM belongs to a new dipeptidase-related protein subfamily with inactivated Zn2+ coordination sites, members of which are usually genetically linked to TonB-dependent uptake systems and often associated with periplasmic FAD-dependent oxidoreductases related to d-amino acid oxidases. We suggest that these proteins are necessary for selective binding, exposure, or transfer of specific d- and l-amino acid–containing peptides and other periplasmic biomolecules in manifold pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Nazmi Burdur
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael T Ringel
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerald Dräger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1 B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüser
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Dwivedi M, Bajpai K. The chamber of secretome in Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a potential therapeutic target. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 39:1-44. [PMID: 35613080 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2076031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) causes one of the ancient diseases, Tuberculosis, affects people around the globe and its severity can be understood by its classification as a second infectious disease after COVID-19 and the 13th leading cause of death according to a WHO report. Despite having advanced diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies, unfortunately, TB is still spreading across the population due to the emergence of drug-resistance MTB and Latent TB infection (LTBI). We are seeking for effective approaches to overcome these hindrances and efficient treatment for this perilous disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs based on operative targeting of the bacterial system that could result in both efficient treatment and lesser emergence of MDR-TB. One such promising target could be the secretory systems and especially the Type 7 secretory system (T7SS-ESX) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is crucial for the secretion of effector proteins as well as in establishing host-pathogen interactions of the tubercle bacilli. The five paralogous ESX systems (ESX-1 to EXS-5) have been observed by in silico genome analysis of MTB, among which ESX-1 and ESX-5 are substantial for virulence and mediating host cellular inflammasome. The bacterium growth and virulence can be modulated by targeting the T7SS. In the present review, we demonstrate the current status of therapeutics against MTB and focus on the function and cruciality of T7SS along with other secretory systems as a promising therapeutic target against Tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Kriti Bajpai
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
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Proteomic analysis of the periodontal pathogen Prevotella intermedia secretomes in biofilm and planktonic lifestyles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5636. [PMID: 35379855 PMCID: PMC8980031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevotella intermedia is an important species associated with periodontitis. Despite the remarkable clinical significance, little is known about the molecular basis for its virulence. The aim of this study was to characterize the secretome of P. intermedia in biofilm and planktonic life mode. The biofilm secretome showed 109 proteins while the planktonic secretome showed 136 proteins. The biofilm and the planktonic secretomes contained 17 and 33 signal-peptide bearing proteins, 13 and 18 lipoproteins, respectively. Superoxide reductase, sensor histidine kinase, C40 family peptidase, elongation factor Tu, threonine synthase etc. were unique to biofilm. Of the ~ 30 proteins with predicted virulence potential from biofilm and planktonic secretomes, only 6 were common between the two groups, implying large differences between biofilm and planktonic modes of P. intermedia. From Gene Ontology biofilm secretome displayed a markedly higher percent proteins compared to planktonic secretome in terms of cellular amino acid metabolic process, nitrogen compound metabolic process etc. Inflammatory cytokine profile analysis revealed that only the biofilm secretome, not the planktonic one, induced important cytokines such as MIP-1α/MIP-1β, IL-1β, and IL-8. In conclusion, the revealed differences in the protein profiles of P. intermedia biofilm and planktonic secretomes may trigger further questions about molecular mechanisms how this species exerts its virulence potential in the oral cavity.
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Li W, Yin F, Bu Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen X, Li S, Li L, Zhou R, Huang Q. An Engineered Outer Membrane-Defective Escherichia coli Secreting Protective Antigens against Streptococcus suis via the Twin-Arginine Translocation Pathway as a Vaccine. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:278-286. [PMID: 35283432 PMCID: PMC9628857 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2107.07052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Live bacterial vector vaccines are one of the most promising vaccine types and have the advantages of low cost, flexibility, and good safety. Meanwhile, protein secretion systems have been reported as useful tools to facilitate the release of heterologous antigen proteins from bacterial vectors. The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system is an important protein export system that transports fully folded proteins in a signal peptide-dependent manner. In this study, we constructed a live vector vaccine using an engineered commensal Escherichia coli strain in which amiA and amiC genes were deleted, resulting in a leaky outer membrane that allows the release of periplasmic proteins to the extracellular environment. The protective antigen proteins SLY, enolase, and Sbp against Streptococcus suis were targeted to the Tat pathway by fusing a Tat signal peptide. Our results showed that by exploiting the Tat pathway and the outer membrane-defective E. coli strain, the antigen proteins were successfully secreted. The strains secreting the antigen proteins were used to vaccinate mice. After S. suis challenge, the vaccinated group showed significantly higher survival and milder clinical symptoms compared with the vector group. Further analysis showed that the mice in the vaccinated group had lower burdens of bacteria load and slighter pathological changes. Our study reports a novel live bacterial vector vaccine that uses the Tat system and provides a new alternative for developing S. suis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zixuan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-27-87281878 Fax: + 86-27-8728 2608 E-mail:
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Cardoso NC, Chibale K, Singh V. Implications of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Metabolic Adaptability on Drug Discovery and Development. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:414-421. [PMID: 35175727 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a global health threat that is being exacerbated by the increase in infections attributed to drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To combat this, there has been a surge in drug discovery programs to develop new, potent compounds and identify promising drug targets in the pathogen. Two areas of M. tuberculosis biology that have emerged as rich sources of potential novel drug targets are cell wall biosynthesis and energy metabolism. Both processes are important for survival of M. tuberculosis under replicating and nonreplicating conditions. However, both processes are also inherently adaptable under different conditions. Furthermore, cell wall biosynthesis is energy intensive and, thus, reliant on an efficiently functioning energy production system. This Perspective focuses on the interplay between cell wall biosynthesis and energy metabolism in M. tuberculosis, how adaptations in one pathway may affect the other, and what consequences this could have for drug discovery and development and the identification of novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Cardoso
- Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Kroniger T, Flender D, Schlüter R, Köllner B, Trautwein-Schult A, Becher D. Proteome analysis of the Gram-positive fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum reveals putative role of membrane vesicles in virulence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3003. [PMID: 35194033 PMCID: PMC8863785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is a chronic bacterial disease affecting both wild and farmed salmonids. The causative agent for BKD is the Gram-positive fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum. As treatment and prevention of BKD have proven to be difficult, it is important to know and identify the key bacterial proteins that interact with the host. We used subcellular fractionation to report semi-quantitative data for the cytosolic, membrane, extracellular, and membrane vesicle (MV) proteome of R. salmoninarum. These data can aid as a backbone for more targeted experiments regarding the development of new drugs for the treatment of BKD. Further analysis was focused on the MV proteome, where both major immunosuppressive proteins P57/Msa and P22 and proteins involved in bacterial adhesion were found in high abundance. Interestingly, the P22 protein was relatively enriched only in the extracellular and MV fraction, implicating that MVs may play a role in host–pathogen interaction. Compared to the other subcellular fractions, the MVs were also relatively enriched in lipoproteins and all four cell wall hydrolases belonging to the New Lipoprotein C/Protein of 60 kDa (NlpC/P60) family were detected, suggesting an involvement in the formation of the MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kroniger
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Flender
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Imaging Center of the Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernd Köllner
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Anke Trautwein-Schult
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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Ramírez-Larrota JS, Eckhard U. An Introduction to Bacterial Biofilms and Their Proteases, and Their Roles in Host Infection and Immune Evasion. Biomolecules 2022; 12:306. [PMID: 35204806 PMCID: PMC8869686 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms represent multicellular communities embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, conveying increased resistance against environmental stress factors but also antibiotics. They are shaped by secreted enzymes such as proteases, which can aid pathogenicity by degrading host proteins of the connective tissue or the immune system. Importantly, both secreted proteases and the capability of biofilm formation are considered key virulence factors. In this review, we focus on the basic aspects of proteolysis and protein secretion, and highlight various secreted bacterial proteases involved in biofilm establishment and dispersal, and how they aid bacteria in immune evasion by degrading immunoglobulins and components of the complement system. Thus, secreted proteases represent not only prominent antimicrobial targets but also enzymes that can be used for dedicated applications in biotechnology and biomedicine, including their use as laundry detergents, in mass spectrometry for the glycoprofiling of antibodies, and the desensitization of donor organs intended for positive crossmatch patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrich Eckhard
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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Vidor CJ, Hamiot A, Wisniewski J, Mathias RA, Dupuy B, Awad M, Lyras D. A Highly Specific Holin-Mediated Mechanism Facilitates the Secretion of Lethal Toxin TcsL in Paeniclostridium sordellii. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020124. [PMID: 35202151 PMCID: PMC8878733 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein secretion is generally mediated by a series of distinct pathways in bacteria. Recently, evidence of a novel bacterial secretion pathway involving a bacteriophage-related protein has emerged. TcdE, a holin-like protein encoded by toxigenic isolates of Clostridioides difficile, mediates the release of the large clostridial glucosylating toxins (LCGTs), TcdA and TcdB, and TpeL from C. perfringens uses another holin-like protein, TpeE, for its secretion; however, it is not yet known if TcdE or TpeE secretion is specific to these proteins. It is also unknown if other members of the LCGT-producing clostridia, including Paeniclostridium sordellii (previously Clostridium sordellii), use a similar toxin-release mechanism. Here, we confirm that each of the LCGT-producing clostridia encode functional holin-like proteins in close proximity to the toxin genes. To characterise the respective roles of these holin-like proteins in the release of the LCGTs, P. sordellii and its lethal toxin, TcsL, were used as a model. Construction and analysis of mutants of the P. sordellii tcsE (holin-like) gene demonstrated that TcsE plays a significant role in TcsL release. Proteomic analysis of the secretome from the tcsE mutant confirmed that TcsE is required for efficient TcsL secretion. Unexpectedly, comparative sample analysis showed that TcsL was the only protein significantly altered in its release, suggesting that this holin-like protein has specifically evolved to function in the release of this important virulence factor. This specificity has, to our knowledge, not been previously shown and suggests that this protein may function as part of a specific mechanism for the release of all LCGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum J. Vidor
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.J.V.); (J.W.); (R.A.M.); (M.A.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Audrey Hamiot
- Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, UMR-CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France; (A.H.); (B.D.)
| | - Jessica Wisniewski
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.J.V.); (J.W.); (R.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Rommel A. Mathias
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.J.V.); (J.W.); (R.A.M.); (M.A.)
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bruno Dupuy
- Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, UMR-CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France; (A.H.); (B.D.)
| | - Milena Awad
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.J.V.); (J.W.); (R.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.J.V.); (J.W.); (R.A.M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
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López C, Delmonti J, Bonomo RA, Vila AJ. Deciphering the evolution of metallo-β-lactamases: a journey from the test tube to the bacterial periplasm. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101665. [PMID: 35120928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is fundamental to deciphering the mechanistic basis of resistance to carbapenems in pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Presently, these MBL producing pathogens are linked to high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the study of the biochemical and biophysical features of MBLs in vitro provides an incomplete picture of their evolutionary potential, since this limited and artificial environment disregards the physiological context where evolution and selection take place. Herein, we describe recent efforts aimed to address the evolutionary traits acquired by different clinical variants of MBLs in conditions mimicking their native environment (the bacterial periplasm) and considering whether they are soluble or membrane-bound proteins. This includes addressing the metal content of MBLs within the cell under zinc starvation conditions, and the context provided by different bacterial hosts that result in particular resistance phenotypes. Our analysis highlights recent progress bridging the gap between in vitro and in-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), S2000EXF Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juliana Delmonti
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), S2000EXF Rosario, Argentina
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Medical Service and GRECC, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alejandro J Vila
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), S2000EXF Rosario, Argentina; CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Area Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina.
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