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Hou S, Wang S, Zheng C, Zhou Y, Yu C, Li H. Hexadecanoic acid produced in the co-culture of S. cerevisiae and E.coli promotes oxidative stress tolerance of the S.cerevisiae cells. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:213. [PMID: 38789629 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Co-fermentation performed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli or other microbes has been widely used in industrial fermentation. Meanwhile, the co-cultured microbes might regulate each other's metabolisms or cell behaviors including oxidative stress tolerance through secreting molecules. Here, results based on the co-culture system of S. cerevisiae and E. coli suggested the promoting effect of E. coli on the oxidative stress tolerance of S. cerevisiae cells. The co-cultured E. coli could enhance S. cerevisiae cell viability through improving its membrane stability and reducing the oxidized lipid level. Meanwhile, promoting effect of the co-cultured supernatant on the oxidative stress tolerance of S. cerevisiae illustrated by the supernatant substitution strategy suggested that secreted compounds contained in the co-cultured supernatant contributed to the higher oxidative stress tolerance of S. cerevisiae. The potential key regulatory metabolite (i.e., hexadecanoic acid) with high content difference between co-cultured supernatant and the pure-cultured S. cerevisiae supernatant was discovered by GC-MS-based metabolomics strategy. And exogenous addition of hexadecanoic acid did suggest its contribution to higher oxidative stress tolerance of S. cerevisiae. Results presented here would contribute to the understanding of the microbial interactions and provide the foundation for improving the efficiency of co-fermentation performed by S. cerevisiae and E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Hou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Caijuan Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, People's Republic of China.
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Elias D, Tóth Hervay N, Bujdos M, Gbelska Y. Essential Role of CgErg6p in Maintaining Oxidative Stress Tolerance and Iron Homeostasis in Candida glabrata. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050579. [PMID: 37233290 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human pathogenic fungus Candida glabrata is the second leading cause of candidemia, a life-threatening invasive mycosis. Clinical outcomes are complicated by reduced susceptibility of C. glabrata to azoles together with its ability to evolve stable resistance to both azoles and echinocandins following drug exposure. Compared to other Candida spp., C. glabrata displays robust oxidative stress resistance. In this study, we investigated the impact of CgERG6 gene deletion on the oxidative stress response in C. glabrata. CgERG6 gene encodes sterol-24-C-methyltransferase, which is involved in the final steps of ergosterol biosynthesis. Our previous results showed that the Cgerg6Δ mutant has a lower ergosterol content in its membranes. Here, we show that the Cgerg6Δ mutant displays increased susceptibility to oxidative stress inducing agents, such as menadione, hydrogen peroxide and diamide, accompanied with increased intracellular ROS production. The Cgerg6Δ mutant is not able to tolerate higher concentrations of iron in the growth media. We observed increased expression of transcription factors, CgYap1p, CgMsn4p and CgYap5p, together with increased expression of catalase encoding the CgCTA1 gene and vacuolar iron transporter CgCCC1 in the Cgerg6Δ mutant cells. However, it seems that the CgERG6 gene deletion does not influence the function of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elias
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nora Tóth Hervay
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Bujdos
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Yvetta Gbelska
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Stuart AKDC, Furuie JL, Cataldi TR, Stuart RM, Zawadneak MAC, Labate CA, Pimentel IC. Metabolomics of the interaction between a consortium of entomopathogenic fungi and their target insect: Mechanisms of attack and survival. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105369. [PMID: 36963938 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the most concerning pests that attack strawberries in Brazil is Duponchelia fovealis (Zeller), a non-native moth with no registered control methods to date. Our group recently observed that a fungal consortium formed by two strains of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) increased the mortality of D. fovealis more than inoculation with each strain on its own. However, the molecular interaction between the fungal consortium and the caterpillars is unknown. Thus, in this work, we sought to pioneer the evaluation of the molecular interaction between a fungal consortium of B. bassiana and D. fovealis caterpillars. We aimed to understand the biocontrol process involved in this interaction and the defense system of the caterpillar. Seven days after D. fovealis were inoculated with the consortium, the dead and surviving caterpillars were analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS. Some of the metabolites identified in dead caterpillars have primarily antioxidant action. Other metabolites may have insecticidal potential, such as diltiazem-like and tamsulosin-like compounds, as well as 2,5-dimethoxymandelic acid. In surviving caterpillars, the main mechanisms are pro-inflammatory from 2-Palmitoylglycerol metabolite and the antifungal action of the metabolite Aegle marmelos Alkaloid-C. The metabolites identified in dead caterpillars may explain the increased mortality caused by the consortium due to its antioxidant mechanism, which can suppress the caterpillars' immune system, and insecticide action. In surviving caterpillars, the main resistance mechanisms may involve the stimulus to the immunity and antifungal action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Katiski da Costa Stuart
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular (LabMicro), Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Jason Lee Furuie
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular (LabMicro), Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thais Regiani Cataldi
- Laboratório de Genética de Plantas Max Feffer, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agronomia Luiz de Queiroz - Esalq/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Makowiecky Stuart
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular (LabMicro), Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular (LabMicro), Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia Produção Vegetal, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Laboratório de Genética de Plantas Max Feffer, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agronomia Luiz de Queiroz - Esalq/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ida Chapaval Pimentel
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular (LabMicro), Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Kiselevsky DB, Samuilova OV, Samuilov VD. Epigallocatechin Gallate: pH-Dependent Redox Properties and Effect on Respiration, Photosynthesis, and Cell Death in Pea Plants. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:211-220. [PMID: 37072325 PMCID: PMC10000359 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
In vitro redox properties of the green tea component epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and its effect on pea plant cells were investigated. EGCG was found to exhibit both pro- and antioxidant properties. In solutions, EGCG was oxidized by oxygen at physiological (slightly alkaline) pH values with the generation of O2-• and H2O2, the reaction being slowed down by a decrease in the medium pH. On the other hand, EGCG functioned as an electron donor for peroxidase, resulting in the H2O2 utilization. EGCG suppressed respiration, reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential difference and inhibited electron transfer in the photosynthetic electron transport chain in pea leaf cells (leaf cuttings and epidermis). Among components of the photosynthetic redox chain, Photosystem II was the least sensitive to the EGCG action. In the epidermis, EGCG reduced the rate of reactive oxygen species formation that was induced by NADH. EGCG at the concentrations from 10 μM to 1 mM suppressed the KCN-induced death of guard cells in the epidermis, which was determined from the destruction of cell nuclei. EGCG at a concentration of 10 mM disrupted the barrier function of the guard cell plasma membrane, increasing its permeability to propidium iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry B Kiselevsky
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Olga V Samuilova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vitaly D Samuilov
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Xu H, Zhu Y, Du M, Wang Y, Ju S, Ma R, Jiao Z. Subcellular mechanism of microbial inactivation during water disinfection by cold atmospheric-pressure plasma. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116513. [PMID: 33091801 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the identification of effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by plasma has been extensively studied, yet the subcellular mechanism of microbial inactivation has never been clearly elucidated in plasma disinfection processes. In this study, subcellular mechanism of yeast cell inactivation during plasma-liquid interaction was revealed in terms of comprehensive factors including cell morphology, membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, membrane potential, intracellular redox homeostasis (intracellular ROS and H2O2, and antioxidant system (SOD, CAT and GSH)), intracellular ionic equilibrium (intracellular H+ and K+) and energy metabolism (mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and ATP level). The ROS analysis show that ·OH, 1O2, ·O2-and H2O2 were generated in this plasma-liquid interaction system and ·O2-served as the precursor of 1O2. Additionally, the solution pH was reduced. Plasma can effectively inactivate yeast cells mainly via apoptosis by damaging cell membrane, intracellular redox and ion homeostasis and energy metabolism as well as causing DNA fragmentation. ROS scavengers (l-His, d-Man and SOD) and pH buffer (phosphate buffer solution, PBS) were employed to investigate the role of five antimicrobial factors (·OH, 1O2, ·O2-, H2O2 and low pH) in plasma sterilization. Results show that they have different influences on the aforementioned cell physiological activities. The ·OH and 1O2 contributed most to the yeast inactivation. The ·OH mainly attacked cell membrane and increased cell membrane permeability. The disturb of cell energy metabolism was mainly attributed to 1O2. The damage of cell membrane as well as extracellular low pH could break the intracellular ionic equilibrium and further reduce cell membrane potential. The remarkable increase of intracellular H2O2 was mainly due to the influx of extracellular H2O2 via destroyed cell membrane, which played a little role in yeast inactivation during 10-min plasma treatment. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the antimicrobial mechanism of plasma, which can promote the development of plasma as an alternative water disinfection strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangbo Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yupan Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Mengru Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Siyao Ju
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Zhen Jiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Santos FC, Marquês JT, Bento‐Oliveira A, Almeida RF. Sphingolipid‐enriched domains in fungi. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3698-3718. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa C. Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande Portugal
| | - Joaquim T. Marquês
- Centro de Química Estrutural Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande Portugal
| | - Andreia Bento‐Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande Portugal
| | - Rodrigo F.M. Almeida
- Centro de Química Estrutural Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande Portugal
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7
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Sunyer-Figueres M, Vázquez J, Mas A, Torija MJ, Beltran G. Transcriptomic Insights into the Effect of Melatonin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the Presence and Absence of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E947. [PMID: 33019712 PMCID: PMC7650831 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine that plays important roles in various aspects of biological processes in mammals. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, melatonin has been reported to exhibit antioxidant properties and to modulate the expression of some genes involved in endogenous defense systems. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of supplemented melatonin at the transcriptional level in S. cerevisiae in the presence and absence of oxidative stress. This was achieved by exposing yeast cells pretreated with different melatonin concentrations to hydrogen peroxide and assessing the entry of melatonin into the cell and the yeast response at the transcriptional level (by microarray and qPCR analyses) and the physiological level (by analyzing changes in the lipid composition and mitochondrial activity). We found that exogenous melatonin crossed cellular membranes at nanomolar concentrations and modulated the expression of many genes, mainly downregulating the expression of mitochondrial genes in the absence of oxidative stress, triggering a hypoxia-like response, and upregulating them under stress, mainly the cytochrome complex and electron transport chain. Other categories that were enriched by the effect of melatonin were related to transport, antioxidant activity, signaling, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The overall results suggest that melatonin is able to reprogram the cellular machinery to achieve tolerance to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María-Jesús Torija
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Grup de Biotecnologia Enològica, Facultat d’Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1. 43007 Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain; (M.S.-F.); (J.V.); (A.M.); (G.B.)
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8
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Khmelinskaia A, Marquês JMT, Bastos AEP, Antunes CAC, Bento-Oliveira A, Scolari S, Lobo GMDS, Malhó R, Herrmann A, Marinho HS, de Almeida RFM. Liquid-Ordered Phase Formation by Mammalian and Yeast Sterols: A Common Feature With Organizational Differences. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:337. [PMID: 32596234 PMCID: PMC7304482 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, biophysical properties of membranes enriched in three metabolically related sterols are analyzed both in vitro and in vivo. Unlike cholesterol and ergosterol, the common metabolic precursor zymosterol is unable to induce the formation of a liquid ordered (l o) phase in model lipid membranes and can easily accommodate in a gel phase. As a result, Zym has a marginal ability to modulate the passive membrane permeability of lipid vesicles with different compositions, contrary to cholesterol and ergosterol. Using fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy of an aminostyryl dye in living mammalian and yeast cells we established a close parallel between sterol-dependent membrane biophysical properties in vivo and in vitro. This approach unraveled fundamental differences in yeast and mammalian plasma membrane organization. It is often suggested that, in eukaryotes, areas that are sterol-enriched are also rich in sphingolipids, constituting highly ordered membrane regions. Our results support that while cholesterol is able to interact with saturated lipids, ergosterol seems to interact preferentially with monounsaturated phosphatidylcholines. Taken together, we show that different eukaryotic kingdoms developed unique solutions for the formation of a sterol-rich plasma membrane, a common evolutionary trait that accounts for sterol structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Khmelinskaia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M T Marquês
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André E P Bastos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina A C Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Bento-Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silvia Scolari
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerson M da S Lobo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Malhó
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Susana Marinho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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CRISPR-Cas9-Based Mutagenesis of the Mucormycosis-Causing Fungus Lichtheimia corymbifera. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103727. [PMID: 32466287 PMCID: PMC7279233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichtheimia corymbifera is considered as one of the most frequent agents of mucormycosis. The lack of efficient genetic manipulation tools hampers the characterization of the pathomechanisms and virulence factors of this opportunistic pathogenic fungus. Although such techniques have been described for certain species, the performance of targeted mutagenesis and the construction of stable transformants have remained a great challenge in Mucorales fungi. In the present study, a plasmid-free CRISPR-Cas9 system was applied to carry out a targeted gene disruption in L. corymbifera. The described method is based on the non-homologous end-joining repair of the double-strand break caused by the Cas9 enzyme. Using this method, short, one-to-five nucleotide long-targeted deletions could be induced in the orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase gene (pyrG) and, as a result, uracil auxotrophic strains were constructed. These strains are applicable as recipient strains in future gene manipulation studies. As we know, this is the first genetic modification of this clinically relevant fungus.
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Oliveira FFM, Paes HC, Peconick LDF, Fonseca FL, Marina CLF, Bocca AL, Homem-de-Mello M, Rodrigues ML, Albuquerque P, Nicola AM, Alspaugh JA, Felipe MSS, Fernandes L. Erg6 affects membrane composition and virulence of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 140:103368. [PMID: 32201128 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ergosterol is the most important membrane sterol in fungal cells and a component not found in the membranes of human cells. We identified the ERG6 gene in the AIDS-associated fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, encoding the sterol C-24 methyltransferase of fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. In this work, we have explored its relationship with high-temperature growth and virulence of C. neoformans by the construction of a loss-of-function mutant. In contrast to other genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, C. neoformans ERG6 is not essential for growth under permissive conditions in vitro. However, the erg6 mutant displayed impaired thermotolerance and increased susceptibility to osmotic and oxidative stress, as well as to different antifungal drugs. Total lipid analysis demonstrated a decrease in the erg6Δ strain membrane ergosterol content. In addition, this mutant strain was avirulent in an invertebrate model of C. neoformans infection. C. neoformans Erg6 was cyto-localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. Our results demonstrate that Erg6 is crucial for growth at high temperature and virulence, likely due to its effects on C. neoformans membrane integrity and dynamics. These pathogen-focused investigations into ergosterol biosynthetic pathway components reinforce the multiple roles of ergosterol in the response of diverse fungal species to alterations in the environment, especially that of the infected host. These studies open perspectives to understand the participation of ergosterol in mechanism of resistance to azole and polyene drugs. Observed synergistic growth defects with co-inhibition of Erg6 and other components of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway suggests novel approaches to treatment in human fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Freire M Oliveira
- Faculty of Medicine, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo Costa Paes
- Faculty of Medicine, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luísa Defranco F Peconick
- Faculty of Ceilândia, Campus UnB Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Ceilândia Sul, Centro Metropolitano, Brasília, Federal District 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Fonseca
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21045-360, Brazil.
| | - Clara Luna Freitas Marina
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biology, Room J1 28/8, Building J, 2nd Floor, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biology, Room J1 28/8, Building J, 2nd Floor, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio Homem-de-Mello
- Faculty of Health Science, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Lourenço Rodrigues
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil; Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Albuquerque
- Faculty of Ceilândia, Campus UnB Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Ceilândia Sul, Centro Metropolitano, Brasília, Federal District 72220-275, Brazil
| | - André Moraes Nicola
- Faculty of Medicine, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - J Andrew Alspaugh
- Duke University School of Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Durham, DUMC Box 102359, 303 Sands Building, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Maria Sueli S Felipe
- Catolic University of Brasilia, Campus Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernandes
- Faculty of Ceilândia, Campus UnB Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Ceilândia Sul, Centro Metropolitano, Brasília, Federal District 72220-275, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biology, Room J1 28/8, Building J, 2nd Floor, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil.
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11
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Huang M, Li J. Physiological regulation of reactive oxygen species in organisms based on their physicochemical properties. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13351. [PMID: 31344326 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is recognized as free radical dyshomeostasis, which has damaging effects on proteins, lipids and DNA. However, during cell differentiation and proliferation and other normal physiological processes, free radicals play a pivotal role in message transmission and are considered important messengers. Organisms maintain free radical homeostasis through a sophisticated regulatory system in which these "2-faced" molecules play appropriate roles under physiological and pathological conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including a large number of free radicals, act as redox signalling molecules in essential cellular signalling pathways, including cell differentiation and proliferation. However, excessive ROS levels can induce oxidative stress, which is an important risk factor for diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. An overall comprehensive understanding of ROS is beneficial for understanding the pathogenesis of certain diseases and finding new therapeutic treatments. This review primarily focuses on ROS cellular localization, sources, chemistry and molecular targets to determine how to distinguish between the roles of ROS as messengers and in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei‐Zhou Huang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS Lanzhou China
| | - Jian‐Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS Lanzhou China
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12
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Hu J, Dong Y, Wang W, Zhang W, Lou H, Chen Q. Deletion of Atg22 gene contributes to reduce programmed cell death induced by acetic acid stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:298. [PMID: 31890026 PMCID: PMC6933646 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death (PCD) induced by acetic acid, the main by-product released during cellulosic hydrolysis, cast a cloud over lignocellulosic biofuel fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and became a burning problem. Atg22p, an ignored integral membrane protein located in vacuole belongs to autophagy-related genes family; prior study recently reported that it is required for autophagic degradation and efflux of amino acids from vacuole to cytoplasm. It may alleviate the intracellular starvation of nutrition caused by Ac and increase cell tolerance. Therefore, we investigate the role of atg22 in cell death process induced by Ac in which attempt is made to discover new perspectives for better understanding of the mechanisms behind tolerance and more robust industrial strain construction. RESULTS In this study, we compared cell growth, physiological changes in the absence and presence of Atg22p under Ac exposure conditions. It is observed that disruption and overexpression of Atg22p delays and enhances acetic acid-induced PCD, respectively. The deletion of Atg22p in S. cerevisiae maintains cell wall integrity, and protects cytomembrane integrity, fluidity and permeability upon Ac stress by changing cytomembrane phospholipids, sterols and fatty acids. More interestingly, atg22 deletion increases intracellular amino acids to aid yeast cells for tackling amino acid starvation and intracellular acidification. Further, atg22 deletion upregulates series of stress response genes expression such as heat shock protein family, cell wall integrity and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that Atg22p possessed the new function related to cell resistance to Ac. This may help us have a deeper understanding of PCD induced by Ac and provide a new strategy to improve Ac resistance in designing industrial yeast strains for bioethanol production during lignocellulosic biofuel fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Hu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yachen Dong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agriculture Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Hanghang Lou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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13
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Characterization of aquaporin-driven hydrogen peroxide transport. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183065. [PMID: 31521632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane-intrinsic proteins initially defined as water (H2O) channels in all organisms and subsequently found to have multiple substrate specificities, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2 is a signaling molecule that partakes in immune responses where its transport is mediated by aquaporins. To shed further light on the molecular basis of the aquaporin function in H2O2 transport, we have characterized an Arabidopsis thaliana aquaporin, AtPIP2;4, recombinantly produced to high yields in Pichia pastoris. Here, we present a newly established assay that allows detection of H2O2 transport by purified aquaporins reconstituted into liposomes, enabling us to compare aquaporin homologues with respect to substrate specificity. To get additional insight into the structural determinants for aquaporin-mediated H2O2 transport, we solved the 3D-structure of AtPIP2;4 to 3.7 Å resolution and found structural identity to the water channel from spinach (SoPIP2;1), with the difference that Cd2+ cation is not required to retain the closed conformation. The transport specificities of the two plant aquaporins were compared to a human homologue, AQP1. Overall, we conclude that AtPIP2;4, SoPIP2;1 and hAQP1 are all transporters of both H2O and H2O2, but have different efficiencies for various specificities. Notably, all three homologues expedite H2O transport equally well while the plant aquaporins are more permeable to H2O2 than hAQP1. Comparison of the structures indicates that the observed variations in H2O and H2O2 transport cannot be explained by differences in the monomeric pore. Possibly, the determinants for transport specificities reside in the flexible domains outside the membrane core of these channels.
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14
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Engineering microbial membranes to increase stress tolerance of industrial strains. Metab Eng 2019; 53:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Dose dependent gene expression is dynamically modulated by the history, physiology and age of yeast cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:457-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Rivera JF, Sridharan SV, Nolan JK, Miloro SA, Alam MA, Rickus JL, Janes DB. Real-time characterization of uptake kinetics of glioblastoma vs. astrocytes in 2D cell culture using microelectrode array. Analyst 2018; 143:4954-4966. [PMID: 30225487 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01198b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular measurement of uptake/release kinetics and associated concentration dependencies provides mechanistic insight into the underlying biochemical processes. Due to the recognized importance of preserving the natural diffusion processes within the local microenvironment, measurement approaches which provide uptake rate and local surface concentration of adherent cells in static media are needed. This paper reports a microelectrode array device and a methodology to measure uptake kinetics as a function of cell surface concentration in adherent 2D cell cultures in static fluids. The microelectrode array simultaneously measures local concentrations at five positions near the cell surface in order to map the time-dependent concentration profile which in turn enables determination of surface concentrations and uptake rates, via extrapolation to the cell plane. Hydrogen peroxide uptake by human astrocytes (normal) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM43, cancer) was quantified for initial concentrations of 20 to 500 μM over time intervals of 4000 s. For both cell types, the overall uptake rate versus surface concentration relationships exhibited non-linear kinetics, well-described by a combination of linear and Michaelis-Menten mechanisms and in agreement with the literature. The GBM43 cells showed a higher uptake rate over the full range of concentrations, primarily due to a larger linear component. Diffusion-reaction models using the non-linear parameters and standard first-order relationships are compared. In comparison to results from typical volumetric measurements, the ability to extract both uptake rate and surface concentration in static media provides kinetic parameters that are better suited for developing reaction-diffusion models to adequately describe behavior in more complex culture/tissue geometries. The results also highlight the need for characterization of the uptake rate over a wider range of cell surface concentrations in order to evaluate the potential therapeutic role of hydrogen peroxide in cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Rivera
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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17
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Malacrida L, Gratton E. LAURDAN fluorescence and phasor plots reveal the effects of a H 2O 2 bolus in NIH-3T3 fibroblast membranes dynamics and hydration. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 128:144-156. [PMID: 29885356 PMCID: PMC6175669 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy, coupled with microscopy, opens new frontiers for the study of dynamic processes with high spatio-temporal resolution. The application of phasor plots to FLIM and hyperspectral imaging demonstrate unprecedented capabilities to study complex photophysics at the subcellular level. Using these approaches we studied the effects of an H2O2 bolus on NIH-3T3 membranes dynamics monitored by LAURDAN fluorescence. Exposure of NIH-3T3 cells to a bolus of H2O2 modifies the cell membranes and, in particular, the plasma membrane in a complex manner. The LAURDAN results reveal that the peroxide treatment decreases membrane fluidity but surprisingly increases dipolar relaxation around the excited probe. Using the Multidimensional-phasor approach we elucidated the complex photophysics of LAURDAN incorporated into cell membrane after H2O2 exposure. The results indicate the occurrence of LAURDAN fast-diffusion from gel↔ld phases in membranes exposed to a H2O2 bolus. An ad hoc hypothesis is presented to interpret the results in the context of H2O2 oxidative distress/eustress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Malacrida
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 3208 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697‑2715, USA; Área de Investigación Respiratoria, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Italia s/n, Piso 15, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 3208 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697‑2715, USA.
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18
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Regulation of the inositol transporter Itr1p by hydrogen peroxide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Microbiol 2018; 201:123-134. [PMID: 30283989 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Myo-inositol is a precursor of several membrane phospholipids and sphingolipids and plays a key role in gene regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). Here, we tested whether H2O2 was affecting the levels of the inositol transporters and thus inositol uptake. In S. cerevisiae cells adapted to H2O2 Itr1-GFPp accumulated in the plasma membrane until 20 min, concomitantly with an inhibition of its internalization. Exposure to H2O2 did not alter Itr2-GFPp cellular levels and induced only an 8% decrease at 10 min in the plasma membrane. Therefore, decreased inositol intracellular levels are not caused by decreased levels of inositol transporters in the plasma membrane. However, results show that H2O2 adaptation affects Itr1p turnover and, consequently, H2O2-adapted yeast cells display an inositol transporter phenotype comparable to cells grown in the absence of inositol in growth medium, i.e. accumulation in the plasma membrane and decreased degradation.
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19
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Sazykin IS, Sazykina MA, Khmelevtsova LE, Seliverstova EY, Karchava KS, Zhuravleva MV. Antioxidant enzymes and reactive oxygen species level of the Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteria during hydrocarbons biotransformation. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:1057-1065. [PMID: 29687314 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The level of catalase and superoxide dismutase induction, as well as generation of superoxide anion radical in cells and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the culture medium were researched in three strains of oil-degrading bacteria Achromobacter xylosoxidans at cultivation in rich nutrient medium and in the media with hydrocarbons as the only source of carbon. The effects of pentane, decane, hexadecane, cyclohexane, benzene, naphthalene and diesel fuel were evaluated. It was determined that in the microbial cell on media with hydrocarbons, the generation of superoxide anion radical increases, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and induction of superoxide dismutase synthesis occur, and catalase activity is reduced. Oxidative stress in the cells of A. xylosoxidans was caused by biotransformation of all the studied hydrocarbons. The most pronounced effect was observed at incubation of bacteria with cyclohexane, pentane, diesel fuel, benzene and naphthalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Sazykin
- Southern Federal University, Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - M A Sazykina
- Southern Federal University, Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - L E Khmelevtsova
- Southern Federal University, Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - E Yu Seliverstova
- Southern Federal University, Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - K Sh Karchava
- Southern Federal University, Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - M V Zhuravleva
- Southern Federal University, Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
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20
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Cuillerier A, Honarmand S, Cadete VJJ, Ruiz M, Forest A, Deschênes S, Beauchamp C, Charron G, Rioux JD, Des Rosiers C, Shoubridge EA, Burelle Y. Loss of hepatic LRPPRC alters mitochondrial bioenergetics, regulation of permeability transition and trans-membrane ROS diffusion. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3186-3201. [PMID: 28575497 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The French-Canadian variant of Leigh Syndrome (LSFC) is an autosomal recessive oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disorder caused by a mutation in LRPPRC, coding for a protein involved in the stability of mitochondrially-encoded mRNAs. Low levels of LRPPRC are present in all patient tissues, but result in a disproportionately severe OXPHOS defect in the brain and liver, leading to unpredictable subacute metabolic crises. To investigate the impact of the OXPHOS defect in the liver, we analyzed the mitochondrial phenotype in mice harboring an hepatocyte-specific inactivation of Lrpprc. Loss of LRPPRC in the liver caused a generalized growth delay, and typical histological features of mitochondrial hepatopathy. At the molecular level, LRPPRC deficiency caused destabilization of polyadenylated mitochondrial mRNAs, altered mitochondrial ultrastructure, and a severe complex IV (CIV) and ATP synthase (CV) assembly defect. The impact of LRPPRC deficiency was not limited to OXPHOS, but also included impairment of long-chain fatty acid oxidation, a striking dysregulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and an unsuspected alteration of trans-membrane H2O2 diffusion, which was traced to the ATP synthase assembly defect, and to changes in the lipid composition of mitochondrial membranes. This study underscores the value of mitochondria phenotyping to uncover complex and unexpected mechanisms contributing to the pathophysiology of mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamisa Honarmand
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Anik Forest
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Sonia Deschênes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | | | - Guy Charron
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - John D Rioux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Eric A Shoubridge
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Yan Burelle
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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21
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Staudacher V, Trujillo M, Diederichs T, Dick TP, Radi R, Morgan B, Deponte M. Redox-sensitive GFP fusions for monitoring the catalytic mechanism and inactivation of peroxiredoxins in living cells. Redox Biol 2017; 14:549-556. [PMID: 29128826 PMCID: PMC5684490 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein 2 (roGFP2) is a valuable tool for redox measurements in living cells. Here, we demonstrate that roGFP2 can also be used to gain mechanistic insights into redox catalysis in vivo. In vitro enzyme properties such as the rate-limiting reduction of wild type and mutant forms of the model peroxiredoxin PfAOP are shown to correlate with the ratiometrically measured degree of oxidation of corresponding roGFP2 fusion proteins. Furthermore, stopped-flow kinetic measurements of the oxidative half-reaction of PfAOP support the interpretation that changes in the roGFP2 signal can be used to map hyperoxidation-based inactivation of the attached peroxidase. Potential future applications of our system include the improvement of redox sensors, the estimation of absolute intracellular peroxide concentrations and the in vivo assessment of protein structure-function relationships that cannot easily be addressed with recombinant enzymes, for example, the effect of post-translational protein modifications on enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Staudacher
- University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 54, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; Department of Parasitology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Tim Diederichs
- Department of Biology/Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Bruce Morgan
- Department of Biology/Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Marcel Deponte
- University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 54, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; Department of Parasitology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Jelcic M, Enyedi B, Xavier JB, Niethammer P. Image-Based Measurement of H 2O 2 Reaction-Diffusion in Wounded Zebrafish Larvae. Biophys J 2017; 112:2011-2018. [PMID: 28494970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial injury induces rapid recruitment of antimicrobial leukocytes to the wound site. In zebrafish larvae, activation of the epithelial NADPH oxidase Duox at the wound margin is required early during this response. Before injury, leukocytes are near the vascular region, that is, ∼100-300 μm away from the injury site. How Duox establishes long-range signaling to leukocytes is unclear. We conceived that extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated by Duox diffuses through the tissue to directly regulate chemotactic signaling in these cells. But before it can oxidize cellular proteins, H2O2 must get past the antioxidant barriers that protect the cellular proteome. To test whether, or on which length scales this occurs during physiological wound signaling, we developed a computational method based on reaction-diffusion principles that infers H2O2 degradation rates from intravital H2O2-biosensor imaging data. Our results indicate that at high tissue H2O2 levels the peroxiredoxin-thioredoxin antioxidant chain becomes overwhelmed, and H2O2 degradation stalls or ceases. Although the wound H2O2 gradient reaches deep into the tissue, it likely overcomes antioxidant barriers only within ∼30 μm of the wound margin. Thus, Duox-mediated long-range signaling may require other spatial relay mechanisms besides extracellular H2O2 diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jelcic
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Balázs Enyedi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - João B Xavier
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Philipp Niethammer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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23
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Camelo C, Vilas-Boas F, Cepeda AP, Real C, Barros-Martins J, Pinto F, Soares H, Marinho HS, Cyrne L. Opi1p translocation to the nucleus is regulated by hydrogen peroxide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2017; 34:383-395. [PMID: 28581036 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During exposure of yeast cells to low levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), the expression of several genes is regulated for cells to adapt to the surrounding oxidative environment. Such adaptation involves modification of plasma membrane lipid composition, reorganization of ergosterol-rich microdomains and altered gene expression of proteins involved in lipid and vesicle traffic, to decrease permeability to exogenous H2 O2 . Opi1p is a transcriptional repressor that is inactive when present at the nuclear membrane/endoplasmic reticulum, but represseses transcription of inositol upstream activating sequence (UASINO )-containing genes, many of which are involved in the synthesis of phospholipids and fatty acids, when it is translocated to the nucleus. We investigated whether H2 O2 in concentrations inducing adaptation regulates Opi1p function. We found that, in the presence of H2 O2 , GFP-Opi1p fusion protein translocates to the nucleus and, concomitantly, the expression of UASINO -containing genes is affected. We also investigated whether cysteine residues of Opi1p were implicated in the H2 O2 -mediated translocation of this protein to the nucleus and identified cysteine residue 159 as essential for this process. Our work shows that Opi1p is redox-regulated and establishes a new mechanism of gene regulation involving Opi1p, which is important for adaptation to H2 O2 in yeast cells. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Camelo
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe Vilas-Boas
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Pereira Cepeda
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Real
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Barros-Martins
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Pinto
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Soares
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, 1990-096, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Susana Marinho
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luisa Cyrne
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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24
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Altıntaş A, Davidsen K, Garde C, Mortensen UH, Brasen JC, Sams T, Workman CT. High-resolution kinetics and modeling of hydrogen peroxide degradation in live cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:143-153. [PMID: 27742413 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of oxidative stress factors and their regulation is well studied, the temporal dynamics of stress recovery is still poorly understood. In particular, measuring the kinetics of stress recovery in the first minutes after acute exposure provides a powerful technique for assessing the role of regulatory proteins or enzymes through the use of mutant backgrounds. This project endeavors to screen the temporal dynamics of intracellular oxidant levels in live cells as a function of gene deletion in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using the detailed time dynamics of extra- and intra-cellular peroxide we have developed a mathematical model that describes two distinct kinetic processes, an initial rapid degradation in the first 10-20min followed by a slower process. Using this model, a qualitative comparison allowed us to assign the dependence of temporal events to genetic factors. Surprisingly, we found that the deletion of transcription factors Yap1p or Skn7p was sufficient to disrupt the establishment of the second degradation phase but not the initial phase. A better fundamental understanding of the role protective factors play in the recovery from oxidative stress may lead to strategies for protecting or sensitizing cell to this stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Altıntaş
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Kristian Davidsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Christian Garde
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Uffe H Mortensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - J Christian Brasen
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas Sams
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Christopher T Workman
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
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Santos FC, Fernandes AS, Antunes CAC, Moreira FP, Videira A, Marinho HS, de Almeida RFM. Reorganization of plasma membrane lipid domains during conidial germination. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:156-166. [PMID: 27815222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurospora crassa, a filamentous fungus, in the unicellular conidial stage has ideal features to study sphingolipid (SL)-enriched domains, which are implicated in fundamental cellular processes ranging from antifungal resistance to apoptosis. Several changes in lipid metabolism and in the membrane composition of N. crassa occur during spore germination. However, the biophysical impact of those changes is unknown. Thus, a biophysical study of N. crassa plasma membrane, particularly SL-enriched domains, and their dynamics along conidial germination is prompted. Two N. crassa strains, wild-type (WT) and slime, which is devoid of cell wall, were studied. Conidial growth of N. crassa WT from a dormancy state to an exponential phase was accompanied by membrane reorganization, namely an increase of membrane fluidity, occurring faster in a supplemented medium than in Vogel's minimal medium. Gel-like domains, likely enriched in SLs, were found in both N. crassa strains, but were particularly compact, rigid and abundant in the case of slime cells, even more than in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In N. crassa, our results suggest that the melting of SL-enriched domains occurs near growth temperature (30°C) for WT, but at higher temperatures for slime. Regarding biophysical properties strongly affected by ergosterol, the plasma membrane of slime conidia lays in between those of N. crassa WT and S. cerevisiae cells. The differences in biophysical properties found in this work, and the relationships established between membrane lipid composition and dynamics, give new insights about the plasma membrane organization and structure of N. crassa strains during conidial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa C Santos
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia S Fernandes
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina A C Antunes
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe P Moreira
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Arnaldo Videira
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - H Susana Marinho
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Metabolic responses of Beauveria bassiana to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress using an LC-MS-based metabolomics approach. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 137:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Nguyen TD, Guyot S, Lherminier J, Wache Y, Saurel R, Husson F. Protection of living yeast cells by micro-organized shells of natural polyelectrolytes. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Lennicke C, Rahn J, Lichtenfels R, Wessjohann LA, Seliger B. Hydrogen peroxide - production, fate and role in redox signaling of tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:39. [PMID: 26369938 PMCID: PMC4570748 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is involved in various signal transduction pathways and cell fate decisions. The mechanism of the so called “redox signaling” includes the H2O2-mediated reversible oxidation of redox sensitive cysteine residues in enzymes and transcription factors thereby altering their activities. Depending on its intracellular concentration and localization, H2O2 exhibits either pro- or anti-apoptotic activities. In comparison to normal cells, cancer cells are characterized by an increased H2O2 production rate and an impaired redox balance thereby affecting the microenvironment as well as the anti-tumoral immune response. This article reviews the current knowledge about the intracellular production of H2O2 along with redox signaling pathways mediating either the growth or apoptosis of tumor cells. In addition it will be discussed how the targeting of H2O2-linked sources and/or signaling components involved in tumor progression and survival might lead to novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lennicke
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jette Rahn
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Rudolf Lichtenfels
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle /Saale, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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Bagulho A, Vilas-Boas F, Pena A, Peneda C, Santos FC, Jerónimo A, de Almeida RFM, Real C. The extracellular matrix modulates H2O2 degradation and redox signaling in endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2015; 6:454-460. [PMID: 26409032 PMCID: PMC4588420 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular processes that are crucial for cell function, such as proliferation, migration and survival, are regulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Although environmental cues, such as growth factors, regulate redox signaling, it was still unknown whether the ECM, a component of the cell microenvironment, had a function in this process. Here, we showed that the extracellular matrix (ECM) differently regulated H2O2 consumption by endothelial cells and that this effect was not general for all types of cells. The analysis of biophysical properties of the endothelial cell membrane suggested that this modification in H2O2 consumption rates was not due to altered membrane permeability. Instead, we found that the ECM regulated GPx activity, a known H2O2 scavenger. Finally, we showed that the extent of PTEN oxidation was dependent on the ECM, indicating that the ECM was able to modulate H2O2-dependent protein oxidation. Thus, our results unraveled a new mechanism by which the ECM regulates endothelial cell function by altering redox balance. These results pinpoint the ECM as an important component of redox-signaling. The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates H2O2 consumption by endothelial cells. Membrane biophysical properties are not affected by the ECM. The ECM regulates GPx activity and the extent of PTEN oxidation. We propose that the ECM modulates redox-signaling by controlling H2O2 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bagulho
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Filipe Vilas-Boas
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Pena
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Peneda
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Filipa C Santos
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Jerónimo
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rodrigo F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carla Real
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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30
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Zhang L, Lu Z. Expression, purification and characterization of an atypical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:203-212. [PMID: 25512182 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) play important roles in protecting organisms against damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we cloned a cDNA of Bombyx mori peroxiredoxin 5 (BmPrx5), which contained a 565-bp open reading frame for a 188-residue protein. Sequence analysis indicated that BmPrx5 belongs to the atypical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin family. Recombinant BmPrx5 purified from Escherichia coli showed antioxidant activity that removes H2 O2 and protects DNA from oxidative damage. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the level of BmPrx5 mRNA in haemocytes increased early and decreased by 24 h after injection of H2 O2 whereas, in the fat body, the transcript level decreased at 6 h and increased at 12 h. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infection resulted in higher levels of H2 O2 in the haemolymph and of BmPrx5 mRNA in haemocytes at 8 h postinfection. These data suggest that BmPrx5 acts as an antioxidant enzyme to protect the silkworm from oxidative damage induced by bacterial infection. Further study is needed to elucidate the exact role of BmPrx5 in the silkworm immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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31
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Aslan A, Can Mİ, Boydak D. Anti-oxidant effects of pomegranate juice on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell growth. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2014; 11:14-8. [PMID: 25392575 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice has a number of positive effects on both human and animal subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four groups were used in this study. i: Control group, ii: H2O2 group, iii: Pomegranate juice (PJ) group and iv: PJ + H2O2 group. Following the sterilization method for pomegranate juice (10%) and H2O2 (6% v/v), Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures were added and the cultivation incubated at 35°C for 72 hours. Fatty acids and vitamin concentrations were measured using HPLC and GC and the total protein bands profile were determined by SDS-PAGE. RESULTS According to our results statistically significant differences have been determined among the study groups in terms of fatty acids and vitamin (p<0,05). Fatty acid synthesis, vitamin control and cell density increased in groups to which PJ was given in comparison with the control group (p<0,05). Pomegranate juice increased vitamins, fatty acids and total protein expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in comparison with the control. CONCLUSION Pomegranate juice has a positive effect on fatty acid, vitamin and protein synthesis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Accordingly, we believe that it has significantly decreased oxidative damage thereby making a positive impact on yeast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aslan
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Elazığ-TURKEY
| | | | - Didem Boydak
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Elazığ-TURKEY
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Dato L, Berterame NM, Ricci MA, Paganoni P, Palmieri L, Porro D, Branduardi P. Changes in SAM2 expression affect lactic acid tolerance and lactic acid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:147. [PMID: 25359316 PMCID: PMC4230512 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The great interest in the production of highly pure lactic acid enantiomers comes from the application of polylactic acid (PLA) for the production of biodegradable plastics. Yeasts can be considered as alternative cell factories to lactic acid bacteria for lactic acid production, despite not being natural producers, since they can better tolerate acidic environments. We have previously described metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains producing high amounts of L-lactic acid (>60 g/L) at low pH. The high product concentration represents the major limiting step of the process, mainly because of its toxic effects. Therefore, our goal was the identification of novel targets for strain improvement possibly involved in the yeast response to lactic acid stress. Results The enzyme S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase catalyses the only known reaction leading to the biosynthesis of SAM, an important cellular cofactor. SAM is involved in phospholipid biosynthesis and hence in membrane remodelling during acid stress. Since only the enzyme isoform 2 seems to be responsive to membrane related signals (e.g. myo-inositol), Sam2p was tagged with GFP to analyse its abundance and cellular localization under different stress conditions. Western blot analyses showed that lactic acid exposure correlates with an increase in protein levels. The SAM2 gene was then overexpressed and deleted in laboratory strains. Remarkably, in the BY4741 strain its deletion conferred higher resistance to lactic acid, while its overexpression was detrimental. Therefore, SAM2 was deleted in a strain previously engineered and evolved for industrial lactic acid production and tolerance, resulting in higher production. Conclusions Here we demonstrated that the modulation of SAM2 can have different outcomes, from clear effects to no significant phenotypic responses, upon lactic acid stress in different genetic backgrounds, and that at least in one genetic background SAM2 deletion led to an industrially relevant increase in lactic acid production. Further work is needed to elucidate the molecular basis of these observations, which underline once more that strain robustness relies on complex cellular mechanisms, involving regulatory genes and proteins. Our data confirm cofactor engineering as an important tool for cell factory improvement. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-014-0147-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dato
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nadia Maria Berterame
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Antonietta Ricci
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Paola Paganoni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Danilo Porro
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Branduardi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy.
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Aquaporin-facilitated transmembrane diffusion of hydrogen peroxide. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1596-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chen H, Yin Y, Feng E, Li Y, Xie X, Wang Z. Thioredoxin peroxidase gene is involved in resistance to biocontrol fungus Nomuraea rileyi in Spodoptera litura: gene cloning, expression, localization and function. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 44:76-85. [PMID: 24296440 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin peroxidases (Tpxs) are a ubiquitous family of antioxidant enzymes that play important roles in protecting organisms against oxidative stress. Here, one Tpx was cloned from Spodoptera litura named as SlTpx. The full-length cDNA consists of 1165 bp with 588 bp open reading frame, encoding 195 amino acids. The putative amino acid sequence shared >70% identity with Tpxs from other insects. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SlTpx is closely related to other available lepidopteran Tpxs. Real-time PCR analysis showed that SlTpx can be induced by Nomuraea rileyi infection in some detected tissues at the mRNA level. The strongest expression was found in hemocytes of unchallenged and N. rileyi-challenged S. litura. Western blotting showed SlTpx protein in the hemocytes, head and cuticle from normal S. litura. However, when N. rileyi was inoculated into the body cavity of S. litura larvae, SlTpx protein was detected in head, hemocytes, fatbody, midgut, malpighian tubule, but not in the hemolymph and cuticle. Moreover, time-course analysis showed that SlTpx mRNA/protein expression levels were up-regulated in the hemocytes, when S. litura were infected by N. rileyi or injected with H2O2. The levels of N. rileyi-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hemocytes were evaluated, and revealed that N. rileyi infection caused generation of ROS, and induced changes in expression of SlTpx. In addition, the heterologously expressed protein of this gene in Escherichia coli showed antioxidant activity; it removed H2O2 and protected DNA. Knocking down SlTpx transcripts by dsRNA interference resulted in accelerated insect death with N. rileyi infection. This is believed to be the first report showing that SlTpx has a significant role in resisting oxidative stress caused by N. rileyi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Genetic Engineering Research Centre, College of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Youping Yin
- Genetic Engineering Research Centre, College of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Eryan Feng
- Genetic Engineering Research Centre, College of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yan Li
- Genetic Engineering Research Centre, College of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Genetic Engineering Research Centre, College of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhongkang Wang
- Genetic Engineering Research Centre, College of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Gazdag Z, Máté G, Certik M, Türmer K, Virág E, Pócsi I, Pesti M. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide-induced differing plasma membrane and oxidative stress processes in yeast strains BY4741 and erg5Δ. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 54 Suppl 1:S50-62. [PMID: 24687861 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) elicited cytotoxicity and the background of t-BuOOH sensitivity were studied in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ergosterol-less gene deletion mutant erg5Δ and its parental strain BY4741. In comparison to BY4741, untreated erg5Δ cells exhibited alterations in sterol and fatty acid compositions of the plasma membrane, as reflected by the inherent amphotericin B resistance, an elevated level (31%) of plasma membrane rigidity and a decreased uptake of glycerol. Surprisingly, the untreated erg5Δ cells exhibited an unbalanced intracellular redox state, accompanied by the continuous upregulation of the antioxidant enzymes Mn superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase, which resulted in decreased specific concentrations of superoxide and peroxides and elevated levels of the hydroxyl radical and thiols. The 2.5-fold sensitivity of erg5Δ to t-BuOOH suggested that the oxidative stress adaptation processes of the mutant could not restore the redox homeostasis of the cells and there is an overlap between sterol and redox homeostases. t-BuOOH treatment of both strains induced adaptive modification of the sterol and fatty acid compositions, increased the plasma membrane fluidity and elevated the specific activities of most antioxidant enzymes through specific regulation processes in a strain-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Gazdag
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Spencer NY, Engelhardt JF. The basic biology of redoxosomes in cytokine-mediated signal transduction and implications for disease-specific therapies. Biochemistry 2014; 53:1551-64. [PMID: 24555469 PMCID: PMC3985689 DOI: 10.1021/bi401719r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Redox
reactions have been established as major biological players
in many cellular signaling pathways. Here we review mechanisms of
redox signaling with an emphasis on redox-active signaling endosomes.
Signals are transduced by relatively few reactive oxygen species (ROS),
through very specific redox modifications of numerous proteins and
enzymes. Although ROS signals are typically associated with cellular
injury, these signaling pathways are also critical for maintaining
cellular health at homeostasis. An important component of ROS signaling
pertains to localization and tightly regulated signal transduction
events within discrete microenvironments of the cell. One major aspect
of this specificity is ROS compartmentalization within membrane-enclosed
organelles such as redoxosomes (redox-active endosomes) and the nuclear
envelope. Among the cellular proteins that produce superoxide are
the NADPH oxidases (NOXes), transmembrane proteins that are implicated
in many types of redox signaling. NOXes produce superoxide on only
one side of a lipid bilayer; as such, their orientation dictates the
compartmentalization of ROS and the local control of signaling events
limited by ROS diffusion and/or movement through channels associated
with the signaling membrane. NOX-dependent ROS signaling pathways
can also be self-regulating, with molecular redox sensors that limit
the local production of ROS required for effective signaling. ROS
regulation of the Rac-GTPase, a required co-activator of many NOXes,
is an example of this type of sensor. A deeper understanding of redox
signaling pathways and the mechanisms that control their specificity
will provide unique therapeutic opportunities for aging, cancer, ischemia-reperfusion
injury, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanya Y Spencer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1009, United States
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Rate of solute incorporation to liposomes evaluated from encapsulated enzymes activities. Biophys Rev 2014; 6:161-167. [PMID: 28509966 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-013-0136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous studies on systems comprising an enzyme encapsulated in unilamellar liposomes and its substrate initially present in the external aqueous media. Most of these studies are focused on enzyme stability and activity in a restricted media. However, the rate of the process is also determined by the capacity of the substrate to permeate towards the liposome inner pool. In spite of this, there are few studies aimed at a quantitative evaluation of the substrate permeation rate and its lifetime inside the liposome pool. In the present work, we describe, in terms of a very simple mechanism, the permeation of glucose and hydrogen peroxide in DPPC unilamellar liposomes. To this aim, we evaluated the rate of the process employing encapsulated glucose oxidase and catalase in the kinetic diffusion controlled limit. Under this condition, the rate of the process becomes zero order in the enzyme and allows a direct evaluation of the rate constant for the permeation process and the lifetime of a substrate molecule incorporated into the liposome inner pool.
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Marinho HS, Real C, Cyrne L, Soares H, Antunes F. Hydrogen peroxide sensing, signaling and regulation of transcription factors. Redox Biol 2014; 2:535-62. [PMID: 24634836 PMCID: PMC3953959 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms by which hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) modulates the activity of transcription factors in bacteria (OxyR and PerR), lower eukaryotes (Yap1, Maf1, Hsf1 and Msn2/4) and mammalian cells (AP-1, NRF2, CREB, HSF1, HIF-1, TP53, NF-κB, NOTCH, SP1 and SCREB-1) are reviewed. The complexity of regulatory networks increases throughout the phylogenetic tree, reaching a high level of complexity in mammalians. Multiple H2O2 sensors and pathways are triggered converging in the regulation of transcription factors at several levels: (1) synthesis of the transcription factor by upregulating transcription or increasing both mRNA stability and translation; (ii) stability of the transcription factor by decreasing its association with the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex or by inhibiting this complex; (iii) cytoplasm–nuclear traffic by exposing/masking nuclear localization signals, or by releasing the transcription factor from partners or from membrane anchors; and (iv) DNA binding and nuclear transactivation by modulating transcription factor affinity towards DNA, co-activators or repressors, and by targeting specific regions of chromatin to activate individual genes. We also discuss how H2O2 biological specificity results from diverse thiol protein sensors, with different reactivity of their sulfhydryl groups towards H2O2, being activated by different concentrations and times of exposure to H2O2. The specific regulation of local H2O2 concentrations is also crucial and results from H2O2 localized production and removal controlled by signals. Finally, we formulate equations to extract from typical experiments quantitative data concerning H2O2 reactivity with sensor molecules. Rate constants of 140 M−1 s−1 and ≥1.3 × 103 M−1 s−1 were estimated, respectively, for the reaction of H2O2 with KEAP1 and with an unknown target that mediates NRF2 protein synthesis. In conclusion, the multitude of H2O2 targets and mechanisms provides an opportunity for highly specific effects on gene regulation that depend on the cell type and on signals received from the cellular microenvironment. Complexity of redox regulation increases along the phylogenetic tree. Complex regulatory networks allow for a high degree of H2O2 biological plasticity. H2O2 modulates gene expression at all steps from transcription to protein synthesis. Fast response (s) is mediated by sensors with high H2O2 reactivity. Low reactivity H2O2 sensors may mediate slow (h) or localized H2O2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Susana Marinho
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Real
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa Cyrne
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Soares
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, IPL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Antunes
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Corresponding author.
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Moretti-Almeida G, Netto LES, Monteiro G. The essential gene YMR134W from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important for appropriate mitochondrial iron utilization and the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3008-13. [PMID: 23892078 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A thermosensitive strain (YMR134W(ts)) of the essential gene YMR134W presented up to 40% less ergosterol, threefold lower oxygen consumption and impaired growth on respiratory conditions. The iron content in the mitochondrial fraction of YMR134W(ts) cells was considerably low, despite these cells uptake and accumulate more iron from the culture media than wild-type cells. YMR134W(ts) cells were also more susceptible to oxidative stress. The results suggest that Ymr134wp is essential to aerobic growth due to its function in ergosterol biosynthesis, playing a role in maintaining mitochondrial and plasma membrane integrity and consequently impacting the iron homeostasis, respiratory metabolism and antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Moretti-Almeida
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Brazil.
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Antioxidant defence system during exponential and stationary growth phases of Phycomyces blakesleeanus: Response to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide. Fungal Biol 2013; 117:275-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Quadri SK, Sun L, Islam MN, Shapiro L, Bhattacharya J. Cadherin selectivity filter regulates endothelial sieving properties. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1099. [PMID: 23033075 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of endothelial protein sieving, the critical vascular barrier function that restricts flow of large plasma proteins into tissues while allowing small molecules and water to pass, is not understood. Here, we address this issue using a novel assay to detect macromolecular penetrance at microdomains of endothelial adherens junctions. Adherens junctions, as detected by cadherin-GFP expression, were distributed in the cell perimeter as high- or low-density segments. Low but not high-density segments permitted penetrance of a 70-kDa fluorescent dextran, a molecule of equivalent size to albumin. Expression of a cadherin mutant that abrogates strand-swap adhesive binding in the cadherin EC1 ectodomain, or alternatively of an α-actinin-1 mutant that inhibits F-actin bundling, increased both cadherin mobility and 70 kDa dextran penetrance at high-density segments. These findings suggest that adhesive interactions in the cadherin EC1 domain, which underlie adherens junction structure, are critical determinants of endothelial macromolecular sieving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiqa K Quadri
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Zhang F, Gao B, Xu L, Li C, Hao D, Zhang S, Zhou M, Su F, Chen X, Zhi H, Li X. Allele-specific behavior of molecular networks: understanding small-molecule drug response in yeast. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53581. [PMID: 23308257 PMCID: PMC3537669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of systems genetics is changing the way the genetic and molecular basis of phenotypic variation, such as disease susceptibility and drug response, is being analyzed. Moreover, systems genetics aids in the translation of insights from systems biology into genetics. The use of systems genetics enables greater attention to be focused on the potential impact of genetic perturbations on the molecular states of networks that in turn affects complex traits. In this study, we developed models to detect allele-specific perturbations on interactions, in which a genetic locus with alternative alleles exerted a differing influence on an interaction. We utilized the models to investigate the dynamic behavior of an integrated molecular network undergoing genetic perturbations in yeast. Our results revealed the complexity of regulatory relationships between genetic loci and networks, in which different genetic loci perturb specific network modules. In addition, significant within-module functional coherence was found. We then used the network perturbation model to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of individual differences in response to 100 diverse small molecule drugs. As a result, we identified sub-networks in the integrated network that responded to variations in DNA associated with response to diverse compounds and were significantly enriched for known drug targets. Literature mining results provided strong independent evidence for the effectiveness of these genetic perturbing networks in the elucidation of small-molecule responses in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Liangde Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chunquan Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Hao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Fei Su
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is able to diffuse across biomembranes but, when cells are exposed to external H2O2, the fast consumption of H2O2 inside the cells due to H2O2-removing enzymes provides the driving force for setting up a H2O2 gradient across the plasma membrane. Knowing this gradient is fundamental to standardize studies with H2O2 as for the same extracellular H2O2 concentration cells with different H2O2 gradients may be exposed to different intracellular H2O2 concentrations. Here, we present the kinetic background behind the establishment of the H2O2 gradient and show how the gradient can be determined experimentally using the principle of enzyme latency. Furthermore, we discuss some of the caveats that may arise when determining the H2O2 gradient. Finally, we describe detailed protocols for the experimental determination of the H2O2 gradient across the plasma membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and in mammalian cell lines.
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Shi GQ, Yu QY, Shi L, Zhang Z. Molecular cloning and characterization of peroxiredoxin 4 involved in protection against oxidative stress in the silkworm Bombyx mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 21:581-592. [PMID: 22946963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of proteins that play important roles in insects in protection against oxidative stress through the detoxification of cellular peroxides. Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of a Prx4 cDNA of the silkworm Bombyx mori (BmPrx4). The BmPrx4 gene has an open reading frame of 744 bp encoding 248 amino acids and a conserved motif, VCP, involved in its presumed redox functions. The heterologously expressed proteins of the gene in Escherichia coli showed antioxidant activity, removed hydrogen peroxide and protected DnA. Western blotting analysis showed the presence of BmPrx4 in the haemolymph, suggesting that the protein is secretable. Moreover, BmPrx4 was expressed at all developmental stages. The expression level of BmPrx4 was relatively low during the feeding stage but high at the wandering stage. BmPrx4 was induced by quercetin or temperature stress. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that BmPrx4 is present in the brain, neurones and olfactory organ of the head in silkworms. Overall, our results indicate that the expression profile of BmPrx4 correlates well with protection from oxidative damage. Our data provide clues for the development of control technology for agricultural and forestry pests as the silkworm is a representative of lepidopteran pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-Q Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, China
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Potential implication of the chemical properties and bioactivity of nitrone spin traps for therapeutics. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1171-207. [PMID: 22709256 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrone therapeutics has been employed in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The nitrone-based compound NXY-059, which is the first drug to reach clinical trials for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, has provided promise for the development of more robust pharmacological agents. However, the specific mechanism of nitrone bioactivity remains unclear. In this review, we present a variety of nitrone chemistry and biological activity that could be implicated for the nitrone's pharmacological activity. The chemistries of spin trapping and spin adduct reveal insights on the possible roles of nitrones for altering cellular redox status through radical scavenging or nitric oxide donation, and their biological effects are presented. An interdisciplinary approach towards the development of novel synthetic antioxidants with improved pharmacological properties encompassing theoretical, synthetic, biochemical and in vitro/in vivo studies is covered.
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46
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Diffusion of hydrogen peroxide across DPPC large unilamellar liposomes. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:656-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pedroso N, Gomes-Alves P, Marinho HS, Brito VB, Boada C, Antunes F, Herrero E, Penque D, Cyrne L. The plasma membrane-enriched fraction proteome response during adaptation to hydrogen peroxide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:1267-79. [PMID: 22712517 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.704997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, adaptation to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) decreases plasma membrane permeability to H₂O₂, changes its lipid composition and reorganizes ergosterol-rich microdomains by a still unknown mechanism. Here we show, by a quantitative analysis of the H₂O₂-induced adaptation effect on the S. cerevisiae plasma membrane-enriched fraction proteome, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, that 44 proteins are differentially expressed. Most of these proteins were regulated at a post-transcriptional level. Fourteen of these proteins contain redox-sensitive cysteine residues and nine proteins are associated with lipid and vesicle traffic. In particular, three proteins found in eisosomes and in the eisosome-associated membrane compartment occupied by Can1p were up-regulated (Pil1p, Rfs1p and Pst2p) during adaptation to H₂O₂. Survival studies after exposure to lethal H₂O₂ doses using yeast strains bearing a gene deletion corresponding to proteins associated to lipid and vesicle traffic demonstrated for the first time that down-regulation of Kes1p, Vps4p and Ynl010wp and up-regulation of Atp1 and Atp2 increases resistance to H₂O₂. Moreover, for the pil1Δ strain, H₂O₂ at low levels produces a hormetic effect by increasing proliferation. In conclusion, these data further confirms the plasma membrane as an active cellular site during adaptation to H₂O₂ and shows that proteins involved in lipid and vesicle traffic are important mediators of H₂O₂ adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Pedroso
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica & Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Portugal
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Bastos AEP, Marinho HS, Cordeiro AM, de Soure AM, de Almeida RFM. Biophysical properties of ergosterol-enriched lipid rafts in yeast and tools for their study: characterization of ergosterol/phosphatidylcholine membranes with three fluorescent membrane probes. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:577-88. [PMID: 22705749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, binary mixtures of phospholipid/ergosterol (erg) were studied using three fluorescent membrane probes. The phospholipid was either saturated (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DPPC) or monounsaturated (1-palmitoyl-2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, POPC) phosphatidylcholine, to evaluate the fluorescence properties of the probes in gel, liquid ordered (l(o)) and liquid disordered (l(d)) phases. The probes have been used previously to study cholesterol-enriched domains, but their photophysical properties in erg-enriched membranes have not been characterized. N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)-1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (NBD-DPPE) presents modest blue-shifts upon erg addition, and the changes in the fluorescence lifetime are mainly due to differences in the efficiency of its fluorescence dynamic self-quenching. However, the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of NBD-DPPE presents well-defined values in each lipid phase. N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl)-1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (Rhod-DOPE) presents a close to random distribution in erg-rich membranes. There are no appreciable spectral shifts and the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy presents complex behavior, as a result of different photophysical processes. The probe is mostly useful to label l(d) domains in yeast membranes. 4-(2-(6-(Dibutylamino)-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl)-1-(3-sulfopropyl)-pyridinium (di-4-ANEPPS) is an electrochromic dye with excitation spectra largely insensitive to the presence of erg, but presenting a strong blue-shift of its emission with increasing concentrations of this sterol. Its partition coefficient is favorable to l(o) domains in POPC/erg mixtures. Although the fluorescence properties of di-4-ANEPPS are less sensitive to erg than to chol, in both cases the fluorescence lifetime responds monotonically to sterol mole fraction, becoming significantly longer in the presence of sterol as compared to pure POPC or DPPC bilayers. The probe displays a unique sensitivity to sterol-lipid interaction due to the influence of hydration and H-bonding patterns at the membrane/water interface on its fluorescence properties. This makes di-4-ANEPPS (and possibly similar probes) potentially useful in the study of erg-enriched domains in more complex lipid mixtures and in the membranes of living yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- André E P Bastos
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Bastos AE, Scolari S, Stöckl M, de Almeida RF. Applications of Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy and Imaging to Lipid Domains In Vivo. Methods Enzymol 2012; 504:57-81. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391857-4.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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50
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Yu F, Kang M, Meng F, Guo X, Xu B. Molecular cloning and characterization of a thioredoxin peroxidase gene from Apis cerana cerana. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 20:367-378. [PMID: 21382109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin peroxidases (Tpxs) play important roles in protecting organisms against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating intracellular signal transduction. In the present study, we cloned the full cDNA of Tpx1 encoding a 195-amino acid protein from Apis cerana cerana (Acc). Based on the genomic DNA sequence, a 1442-bp 5'-flanking region was obtained, and the putative transcription factor binding sites were predicted. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that AccTpx1 was highly expressed in thorax and that the AccTpx1 transcript reached its highest level in two-week-old adult worker honeybees. Moreover, expression of the AccTpx1 transcript was increased by various abiotic stresses, such as ultraviolet light, HgCl(2) , and insecticide treatments. In addition, the recombinant AccTpx1 protein exhibited antioxidant activity; it removed hydrogen peroxide and protected DNA. These results suggest that AccTpx1 plays an important role in protecting honeybees from oxidative injury and may act in extending the lifespan of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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