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Pem B, Pišonić M, Momčilov M, Crnolatac I, Brkljača Z, Vazdar M, Bakarić D. Protonation of palmitic acid embedded in DPPC lipid bilayers obscures detection of ripple phase by FTIR spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 322:124773. [PMID: 39002469 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The transformation of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers from the gel (Lβ') to the fluid (Lα) phase involves an intermediate ripple (Pβ') phase forming a few degrees below the main transition temperature (Tm). While the exact cause of bilayer rippling is still debated, the presence of amphiphilic molecules, pH, and lipid bilayer architecture are all known to influence (pre)transition behavior. In particular, fatty acid chains interact with hydrophobic lipid tails, while the carboxylic groups simultaneously participate in proton transfer with interfacial water in the polar lipid region which is controlled by the pH of the surrounding aqueous medium. The molecular-level variations in the DPPC ripple phase in the presence of 2% palmitic acid (PA) were studied at pH levels 4.0, 7.3, and 9.1, where PA is fully protonated, partially protonated, or fully deprotonated. Bilayer thermotropic behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy which agreed in their characterization of (pre)transition at pH of 9.1, but not at pH 4.0 and especially not at 7.3. Owing to the different insertion depths of protonated and deprotonated PA, along with the ability of protonated PA to undergo flip-flop in the bilayer, these two forms of PA show a different hydration pattern in the interfacial water layer. Finally, these results demonstrated the hitherto undiscovered potential of FTIR spectroscopy in the detection of the events occurring at the surface of lipid bilayers that obscure the low-cooperativity phase transition explored in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pem
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Pišonić
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Momčilov
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Brkljača
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Vazdar
- Department of Mathematics, Informatics, and Cybernetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Danijela Bakarić
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Pem B, Liu Q, Pašalić L, Edely M, de la Chapelle ML, Bakarić D. Uncoated gold nanoparticles create fewer and less localized defects in model prokaryotic than in model eukaryotic lipid membranes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 243:114158. [PMID: 39137531 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The rise of the populations of antibiotic resistant bacteria represents an increasing threat to human health. In addition to the synthesis of new antibiotics, which is an extremely expensive and time-consuming process, one of the ways to combat bacterial infections is the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as the vehicles for targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs. Since such a strategy requires the investigation of the effect of Au NPs (with and without drugs) on both bacterial and human cells, we investigated how the presence of coating-free Au NPs affects the physicochemical properties of lipid membranes that model prokaryotic (PRO) and eukaryotic (EU) cells. PRO/EU systems prepared as multilamellar liposomes (MLVs) and hybrid structures (HSs) from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG)/1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (DPPS) in the absence (MLVs)/presence (HSs) of differently distributed Au NPs (sizes ∼20 nm) reported stabilization of the gel phase of PRO systems in comparison with EU one (DSC data of PRO/EU were Tm(MLVs) ≈ 41.8 °C/42.0 °C, Tm¯ (HSs) ≈ 43.1 °C/42.4 °C, whereas UV-Vis response Tm(MLVs) ≈ 41.5 °C/42.0 °C, Tm¯ (HSs) ≈ 42.9 °C/41.1 °C). Vibrational spectroscopic data unraveled a substantial impact of Au NPs on the non-polar part of lipid bilayers, emphasizing the increase of kink and gauche conformers of the hydrocarbon chain. By interpreting the latter as Au NPs-induced defects, which exert the greatest effect when Au NPs are found exclusively outside the lipid membrane, these findings suggested that Au NPs reduced the compactness of EU-based lipid bilayers much more than in analogous PRO systems. Since the uncoated Au NPs manifested adverse effects when applied as antimicrobials, the results obtained in this work contribute towards recognizing AuNP functionalization as a strategy in tuning and reversing this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pem
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Qiqian Liu
- The Institute of Molecules and Materials of Le Mans, University of Le Mans, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, Le Mans cedex 9, 72085, France
| | - Lea Pašalić
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mathieu Edely
- The Institute of Molecules and Materials of Le Mans, University of Le Mans, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, Le Mans cedex 9, 72085, France
| | - Marc Lamy de la Chapelle
- The Institute of Molecules and Materials of Le Mans, University of Le Mans, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, Le Mans cedex 9, 72085, France
| | - Danijela Bakarić
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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Krogman WL, Woodard T, McKay RSF. Anesthetic Mechanisms: Synergistic Interactions With Lipid Rafts and Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. Anesth Analg 2024; 139:92-106. [PMID: 37968836 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite successfully utilizing anesthetics for over 150 years, the mechanism of action remains relatively unknown. Recent studies have shown promising results, but due to the complex interactions between anesthetics and their targets, there remains a clear need for further mechanistic research. We know that lipophilicity is directly connected to anesthetic potency since lipid solubility relates to anesthetic partition into the membrane. However, clinically relevant concentrations of anesthetics do not significantly affect lipid bilayers but continue to influence various molecular targets. Lipid rafts are derived from liquid-ordered phases of the plasma membrane that contain increased concentrations of cholesterol and sphingomyelin and act as staging platforms for membrane proteins, including ion channels. Although anesthetics do not perturb membranes at clinically relevant concentrations, they have recently been shown to target lipid rafts. In this review, we summarize current research on how different types of anesthetics-local, inhalational, and intravenous-bind and affect both lipid rafts and voltage-gated sodium channels, one of their major targets, and how those effects synergize to cause anesthesia and analgesia. Local anesthetics block voltage-gated sodium channel pores while also disrupting lipid packing in ordered membranes. Inhalational anesthetics bind to the channel pore and the voltage-sensing domain while causing an increase in the number, size, and diameter of lipid rafts. Intravenous anesthetics bind to the channel primarily at the voltage-sensing domain and the selectivity filter, while causing lipid raft perturbation. These changes in lipid nanodomain structure possibly give proteins access to substrates that have translocated as a result of these structural alterations, resulting in lipid-driven anesthesia. Overall, anesthetics can impact channel activity either through direct interaction with the channel, indirectly through the lipid raft, or both. Together, these result in decreased sodium ion flux into the cell, disrupting action potentials and producing anesthetic effects. However, more research is needed to elucidate the indirect mechanisms associated with channel disruption through the lipid raft, as not much is known about anionic lipid products and their influence over voltage-gated sodium channels. Anesthetics' effect on S-palmitoylation, a promising mechanism for direct and indirect influence over voltage-gated sodium channels, is another auspicious avenue of research. Understanding the mechanisms of different types of anesthetics will allow anesthesiologists greater flexibility and more specificity when treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Krogman
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine - Wichita, Wichita, Kansas
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Lamson NG, Pickering AJ, Wyckoff J, Ganesh P, Calle EA, Straehla JP, Hammond PT. Trafficking through the blood-brain barrier is directed by core and outer surface components of layer-by-layer nanoparticles. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10636. [PMID: 39036092 PMCID: PMC11256136 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-carrying nanoparticles are a promising strategy to deliver therapeutics into the brain, but their translation requires better characterization of interactions between nanomaterials and endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we use a library of 18 layer-by-layer electrostatically assembled nanoparticles (NPs) to independently assess the impact of NP core and surface materials on in vitro uptake, transport, and intracellular trafficking in brain endothelial cells. We demonstrate that NP core stiffness determines the magnitude of transport, while surface chemistry directs intracellular trafficking. Finally, we demonstrate that these factors similarly dictate in vivo BBB transport using intravital imaging through cranial windows in mice. We identify that hyaluronic acid surface chemistry increases transport across the BBB in vivo, and flow conditions are necessary to replicate this finding in vitro. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of assay geometry, cell biology, and fluid flow in developing nanocarriers for delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Lamson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew J. Pickering
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jeffrey Wyckoff
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Priya Ganesh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Calle
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joelle P. Straehla
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Pediatric OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Lee Y, Fracassi A, Devaraj NK. Light-Driven Membrane Assembly, Shape-Shifting, and Tissue Formation in Chemically Responsive Synthetic Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25815-25823. [PMID: 37963186 PMCID: PMC10690792 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Living systems create remarkable complexity from a limited repertoire of biological building blocks by controlling assembly dynamics at the molecular, cellular, and multicellular level. An open question is whether simplified synthetic cells can gain similar complex functionality by being driven away from equilibrium. Here, we describe a dynamic synthetic cell system assembled using artificial lipids that are responsive to both light and chemical stimuli. Irradiation of disordered aggregates of lipids leads to the spontaneous emergence of giant cell-like vesicles, which revert to aggregates when illumination is turned off. Under irradiation, the synthetic cell membranes can interact with chemical building blocks, remodeling their composition and forming new structures that prevent the membranes from undergoing retrograde aggregation processes. The remodeled light-responsive synthetic cells reversibly alter their shape under irradiation, transitioning from spheres to rodlike shapes, mimicking energy-dependent functions normally restricted to living materials. In the presence of noncovalently interacting multivalent polymers, light-driven shape changes can be used to trigger vesicle cross-linking, leading to the formation of functional synthetic tissues. By controlling light and chemical inputs, the stepwise, one-pot transformation of lipid aggregates to multivesicular synthetic tissues is feasible. Our results suggest a rationale for why even early protocells may have required and evolved simple mechanisms to harness environmental energy sources to coordinate hierarchical assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Maleš P, Butumović M, Erceg I, Brkljača Z, Bakarić D. Influence of DPPE surface undulations on melting temperature determination: UV/Vis spectroscopic and MD study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184072. [PMID: 36216096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the most distinguished quantities that describes lipid main phase transition, i.e. the transition from the gel (Lβ(')) to the fluid (Lα) phase, is its melting temperature (Tm). Because melting is accompanied by a large change in enthalpy the, Lβ(') → Lα transition can be monitored by various calorimetric, structural and spectroscopic techniques and Tm should be the same regardless of the metric monitored or the technique employed. However, in the case of DPPE multilamellar aggregates there is a small but systematic deviation of Tm values determined by DSC and FTIR spectroscopy. The aim of this paper is to explain this discrepancy by combined UV/Vis spectroscopic and MD computational approach. Multivariate analysis performed on temperature-dependent UV/Vis spectra of DPPE suspensions demonstrated that at 55 ± 1 °C certain phenomenon causes a small but detectable change in suspension turbidity, whereas a dominant change in the latter is registered at 63.2 ± 0.4 °C that coincides with Tm value determined from DSC curve. If this effect should be ignored, the overall data give Tm value the same as FTIR spectra data (61.0 ± 0.4 °C). As the classical MD simulations suggest that about 10° below Tm certain undulations appear at the surface of DPPE bilayers, we concluded that certain discontinuities in curvature fluctuations arise at reported temperature which are to some extent coupled with lipid melting. Ultimately, such events and the associated changes in curvature affect Tm value measured by different techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Maleš
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Butumović
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ina Erceg
- Division for Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Brkljača
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Danijela Bakarić
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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7
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Nitschke MR, Rosset SL, Oakley CA, Gardner SG, Camp EF, Suggett DJ, Davy SK. The diversity and ecology of Symbiodiniaceae: A traits-based review. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2022; 92:55-127. [PMID: 36208879 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among the most successful microeukaryotes to form mutualisms with animals are dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae. These photosynthetic symbioses drive significant primary production and are responsible for the formation of coral reef ecosystems but are particularly sensitive when environmental conditions become extreme. Annual episodes of widespread coral bleaching (disassociation of the mutualistic partnership) and mortality are forecasted from the year 2060 under current trends of ocean warming. However, host cnidarians and dinoflagellate symbionts display exceptional genetic and functional diversity, and meaningful predictions of the future that embrace this biological complexity are difficult to make. A recent move to trait-based biology (and an understanding of how traits are shaped by the environment) has been adopted to move past this problem. The aim of this review is to: (1) provide an overview of the major cnidarian lineages that are symbiotic with Symbiodiniaceae; (2) summarise the symbiodiniacean genera associated with cnidarians with reference to recent changes in taxonomy and systematics; (3) examine the knowledge gaps in Symbiodiniaceae life history from a trait-based perspective; (4) review Symbiodiniaceae trait variation along three abiotic gradients (light, nutrients, and temperature); and (5) provide recommendations for future research of Symbiodiniaceae traits. We anticipate that a detailed understanding of traits will further reveal basic knowledge of the evolution and functional diversity of these mutualisms, as well as enhance future efforts to model stability and change in ecosystems dependent on cnidarian-dinoflagellate organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Nitschke
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sabrina L Rosset
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Clinton A Oakley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie G Gardner
- Center for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma F Camp
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - David J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Liu P, Chen G, Zhang J. A Review of Liposomes as a Drug Delivery System: Current Status of Approved Products, Regulatory Environments, and Future Perspectives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041372. [PMID: 35209162 PMCID: PMC8879473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have been considered promising and versatile drug vesicles. Compared with traditional drug delivery systems, liposomes exhibit better properties, including site-targeting, sustained or controlled release, protection of drugs from degradation and clearance, superior therapeutic effects, and lower toxic side effects. Given these merits, several liposomal drug products have been successfully approved and used in clinics over the last couple of decades. In this review, the liposomal drug products approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) are discussed. Based on the published approval package in the FDA and European public assessment report (EPAR) in EMA, the critical chemistry information and mature pharmaceutical technologies applied in the marketed liposomal products, including the lipid excipient, manufacturing methods, nanosizing technique, drug loading methods, as well as critical quality attributions (CQAs) of products, are introduced. Additionally, the current regulatory guidance and future perspectives related to liposomal products are summarized. This knowledge can be used for research and development of the liposomal drug candidates under various pipelines, including the laboratory bench, pilot plant, and commercial manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-1332-1952-664 (P.L.); +86-1891-7601-368 (J.Z.)
| | | | - Jingchen Zhang
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-1332-1952-664 (P.L.); +86-1891-7601-368 (J.Z.)
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9
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Benazieb O, Loison C, Thalmann F. Rheology of sliding leaflets in coarse-grained DSPC lipid bilayers. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054802. [PMID: 34942802 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic lipid bilayers modify the friction properties of the surfaces on top of which they are deposited. In particular, the measured sliding friction coefficient can be significantly reduced compared with the native surface. We investigate in this work the friction properties of a numerical coarse-grained model of DSPC (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) lipid bilayer subject to longitudinal shear. The interleaflet friction coefficient is obtained from out-of-equilibrium pulling or from relaxation simulations. In particular, we gain access to the transient viscoelastic response of a sheared bilayer. The bilayer mechanical response is found to depend significantly on the membrane physical state, with evidence in favor of a linear response regime in the fluid but not in the gel region. The linear response validity domain is established, and the timescales appearing in the membrane response discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othmene Benazieb
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Claire Loison
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Thalmann
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
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Nemtsev IV, Shabanova OV, Tambasov IA, Ivanenko AA, Cherepakhin AV, Shestakov NP, Zyryanov VY. METHODS TO DETERMINE CRYSTAL LATTICE PARAMETERS OF OPAL-LIKE STRUCTURES. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476621040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Maleš P, Brkljača Z, Crnolatac I, Bakarić D. Application of MCR-ALS with EFA on FT-IR spectra of lipid bilayers in the assessment of phase transition temperatures: Potential for discernment of coupled events. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 201:111645. [PMID: 33647711 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent transmission FT-IR spectroscopy and DSC measurements were conducted on lipid multibilayers constituted from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Lipid multibilayers made from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, which do not form a ripple phase, were examined as a reference. Spectra were analyzed using multivariate curve resolution technique with alternating least squares and evolving factor analysis (MCR-ALS with EFA) and lipid phase transition temperatures were determined. Polar parts of lipid molecules exert greater response on a ripple phase formation than non-polar ones. However, vibrational signatures of hydrocarbon chains with intramolecular origins display certain qualitative differences that pave the way for future work oriented on uncoupling the events that drive ripple phase formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Maleš
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Brkljača
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Bakarić
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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12
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Genova J, Chamati H, Petrov M. Study of SOPC with embedded pristine and amide-functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes by DSC and FTIR spectroscopy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Molenaar MR, Jeucken A, Wassenaar TA, van de Lest CHA, Brouwers JF, Helms JB. LION/web: a web-based ontology enrichment tool for lipidomic data analysis. Gigascience 2020; 8:5505544. [PMID: 31141612 PMCID: PMC6541037 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major challenge for lipidomic analyses is the handling of the large amounts of data and the translation of results to interpret the involvement of lipids in biological systems. RESULTS We built a new lipid ontology (LION) that associates >50,000 lipid species to biophysical, chemical, and cell biological features. By making use of enrichment algorithms, we used LION to develop a web-based interface (LION/web, www.lipidontology.com) that allows identification of lipid-associated terms in lipidomes. LION/web was validated by analyzing a lipidomic dataset derived from well-characterized sub-cellular fractions of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Comparison of isolated plasma membranes with the microsomal fraction showed a significant enrichment of relevant LION-terms including "plasma membrane", "headgroup with negative charge", "glycerophosphoserines", "above average bilayer thickness", and "below average lateral diffusion". A second validation was performed by analyzing the membrane fluidity of Chinese hamster ovary cells incubated with arachidonic acid. An increase in membrane fluidity was observed both experimentally by using pyrene decanoic acid and by using LION/web, showing significant enrichment of terms associated with high membrane fluidity ("above average", "very high", and "high lateral diffusion" and "below average transition temperature"). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the functionality of LION/web, which is freely accessible in a platform-independent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn R Molenaar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aike Jeucken
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tsjerk A Wassenaar
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris H A van de Lest
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Browning RJ, Aron M, Booth A, Rademeyer P, Wing S, Brans V, Shrivastava S, Carugo D, Stride E. Spectral Imaging for Microbubble Characterization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:609-617. [PMID: 31855435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles stabilized by an outer lipid shell have been studied extensively for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The shell composition can significantly influence microbubble behavior, but performing quantitative measurements of shell properties is challenging. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of spectral imaging to characterize the surface properties of a range of microbubble formulations representing both commercial and research agents. A lipophilic dye, C-laurdan, whose fluorescence emission varies according to the properties of the local environment, was used to compare the degree and uniformity of the lipid order in the microbubble shell, and these measurements were compared with the acoustic response and stability of the different formulations. Spectral imaging was found to be suitable for performing rapid and hence relatively high throughput measurements of microbubble surface properties. Interestingly, despite significant differences in lipid molecule size and charge, all of the different formulations exhibited highly ordered lipid shells. Measurements of liposomes with the same composition and the debris generated by destroying lipid microbubbles with ultrasound (US) showed that these exhibited a lower and more varied lipid order than intact microbubbles. This suggests that the high lipid order of microbubbles is due primarily to compression of the shell as a result of surface tension and is only minimally affected by composition. This also explains the similarity in acoustic response observed between the formulations, because microbubble dynamics are determined by the diameter and shell viscoelastic properties that are themselves a function of the lipid order. Within each population, there was considerable variability in the lipid order and response between individual microbubbles, suggesting the need for improved manufacturing techniques. In addition, the difference in the lipid order between the shell and lipid debris may be important for therapeutic applications in which shedding of the shell material is exploited, for example, drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Browning
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Miles Aron
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Anna Booth
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QR , U.K
| | - Paul Rademeyer
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Sarah Wing
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Veerle Brans
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Shamit Shrivastava
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Dario Carugo
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ , U.K
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
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15
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Comprehensive Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Aberrant Metabolism of Epstein-Barr-Virus-Associated Gastric Carcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101220. [PMID: 31597357 PMCID: PMC6829863 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic landscape of Epstein–Barr-virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics to comprehensively investigate aberrant metabolism in EBVaGC. Specifically, we conducted gene expression analyses using microarray-based data from gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cell lines and tissue samples from patients with clinically advanced gastric carcinoma. We also conducted complementary metabolomics and lipidomics using various mass spectrometry platforms. We found a significant downregulation of genes related to metabolic pathways, especially the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. The effect of dysregulated metabolic genes was confirmed in a survival analysis of 3951 gastric cancer patients. We found 57 upregulated metabolites and 31 metabolites that were downregulated in EBVaGC compared with EBV-negative gastric cancer. Sixty-nine lipids, mainly ether-linked phospholipids and triacylglycerols, were downregulated, whereas 45 lipids, mainly phospholipids, were upregulated. In total, 15 metabolisms related to polar metabolites and 15 lipid-associated pathways were involved in alteration of metabolites by EBV in gastric cancer. In this work, we have described the metabolic landscape of EBVaGC at the multi-omics level. These findings could help elucidate the mechanism of EBVaGC oncogenesis.
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16
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Green NL, Euston SR, Rousseau D. Interfacial ordering of tristearin induced by glycerol monooleate and PGPR: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:107-113. [PMID: 30952016 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study the effect of surfactant structure on the ordering of bulk tristearin at an oil-water interface. In the absence of surfactant, tristearin acyl chains are marginally aligned normal to the interface. The surfactant glycerol monooleate (GMO), a common small-molecule monoacylglycerol (MW: 357 g/mol), preferentially adsorbs to the oil-water interface, displacing more of the tristearin as its concentration increases. The tristearin that remains at the interface is closely aligned normal to the interface. Adjacent to the interface, bulk tristearin increasingly aligns with its acyl chains entwined with the GMO acyl chain, which also preferentially aligns normal to the interface. In contrast, polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), a bulkier, polymeric surfactant (MW: 1398 g/mol for a molecule with five monomers), both displaces tristearin from the interface and reduces the alignment of the molecules that remain. We suggest that the similar fatty acid moieties of GMO (oleic acid) and tristearin (stearic acid) lead to liquid-state association and alignment, the latter of which can then serve as a template onto which tristearin crystals can nucleate. Conversely, by both displacing tristearin from the interface and reducing alignment below that of the surfactant-free system, PGPR eliminates the possibility of tristearin interfacial crystallisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Green
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen R Euston
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland.
| | - Dérick Rousseau
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.
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17
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de Carvalho CCCR, Caramujo MJ. The Various Roles of Fatty Acids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102583. [PMID: 30304860 PMCID: PMC6222795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids comprise a large group of chemically heterogeneous compounds. The majority have fatty acids (FA) as part of their structure, making these compounds suitable tools to examine processes raging from cellular to macroscopic levels of organization. Among the multiple roles of FA, they have structural functions as constituents of phospholipids which are the "building blocks" of cell membranes; as part of neutral lipids FA serve as storage materials in cells; and FA derivatives are involved in cell signalling. Studies on FA and their metabolism are important in numerous research fields, including biology, bacteriology, ecology, human nutrition and health. Specific FA and their ratios in cellular membranes may be used as biomarkers to enable the identification of organisms, to study adaptation of bacterial cells to toxic compounds and environmental conditions and to disclose food web connections. In this review, we discuss the various roles of FA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and highlight the application of FA analysis to elucidate ecological mechanisms. We briefly describe FA synthesis; analyse the role of FA as modulators of cell membrane properties and FA ability to store and supply energy to cells; and inspect the role of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and the suitability of using FA as biomarkers of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C C R de Carvalho
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria José Caramujo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C2-5º Piso, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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18
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Chung DJ, Sparagna GC, Chicco AJ, Schulte PM. Patterns of mitochondrial membrane remodeling parallel functional adaptations to thermal stress. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:221/7/jeb174458. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.174458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The effect of temperature on mitochondrial performance is thought to be partly due to its effect on mitochondrial membranes. Numerous studies have shown that thermal acclimation and adaptation can alter the amount of inner-mitochondrial membrane (IMM), but little is known about the capacity of organisms to modulate mitochondrial membrane composition. Using northern and southern subspecies of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) that are locally adapted to different environmental temperatures, we assessed whether thermal acclimation altered liver mitochondrial respiratory capacity or the composition and amount of IMM. We measured changes in phospholipid headgroups and headgroup-specific fatty acid (FA) remodeling, and used respirometry to assess mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Acclimation to 5°C and 33°C altered mitochondrial respiratory capacity in both subspecies. Northern F. heteroclitus exhibited greater mitochondrial respiratory capacity across acclimation temperatures, consistent with previously observed subspecies differences in whole-organism aerobic metabolism. Mitochondrial phospholipids were altered following thermal acclimation, and the direction of these changes was largely consistent between subspecies. These effects were primarily driven by remodeling of specific phospholipid classes and were associated with shifts in metabolic phenotypes. There were also differences in membrane composition between subspecies that were driven largely by differences in phospholipid classes. Changes in respiratory capacity between subspecies and with acclimation were largely but not completely accounted for by alterations in the amount of IMM. Taken together, these results support a role for changes in liver mitochondrial function in the ectothermic response to thermal stress during both acclimation and adaptation, and implicate lipid remodeling as a mechanism contributing to these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J. Chung
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Genevieve C. Sparagna
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Adam J. Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Patricia M. Schulte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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19
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Pittera J, Jouhet J, Breton S, Garczarek L, Partensky F, Maréchal É, Nguyen NA, Doré H, Ratin M, Pitt FD, Scanlan DJ, Six C. Thermoacclimation and genome adaptation of the membrane lipidome in marine Synechococcus. Environ Microbiol 2017; 20:612-631. [PMID: 29124854 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The marine cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus are important primary producers, displaying a wide latitudinal distribution that is underpinned by diversification into temperature ecotypes. The physiological basis underlying these ecotypes is poorly known. In many organisms, regulation of membrane fluidity is crucial for acclimating to variations in temperature. Here, we reveal the detailed composition of the membrane lipidome of the model strain Synechococcus sp. WH7803 and its response to temperature variation. Unlike freshwater strains, membranes are almost devoid of C18, mainly containing C14 and C16 chains with no more than two unsaturations. In response to cold, we observed a rarely observed process of acyl chain shortening that likely induces membrane thinning, along with specific desaturation activities. Both of these mechanisms likely regulate membrane fluidity, facilitating the maintenance of efficient photosynthetic activity. A comprehensive examination of 53 Synechococcus genomes revealed clade-specific gene sets regulating membrane lipids. In particular, the genes encoding desaturase enzymes, which is a key to the temperature stress response, appeared to be temperature ecotype-specific, with some of them originating from lateral transfers. Our study suggests that regulation of membrane fluidity has been among the important adaptation processes for the colonization of different thermal niches by marine Synechococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Pittera
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Solène Breton
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Laurence Garczarek
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Éric Maréchal
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Ngoc A Nguyen
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Hugo Doré
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Morgane Ratin
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Frances D Pitt
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David J Scanlan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christophe Six
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
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20
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Gobrogge CA, Blanchard HS, Walker RA. Temperature-Dependent Partitioning of Coumarin 152 in Phosphatidylcholine Lipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4061-4070. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Gobrogge
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Heather S. Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Robert A. Walker
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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21
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Duda M, Kawula K, Pawlak A, Sarna T, Wisniewska-Becker A. EPR Studies on the Properties of Model Photoreceptor Membranes Made of Natural and Synthetic Lipids. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:433-442. [PMID: 28413858 PMCID: PMC5691102 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The membranes of retina photoreceptors have unique lipid composition. They contain a high concentration of polyunsaturated docosahexaenoic acid, with six double bonds, and are enriched in phosphatidylethanolamines. Based on their phospholipid composition and cholesterol content, membranes of photoreceptors can be divided into three types: plasma membrane, young disks membranes, and old disks membranes. High amount of docosahexaenoic acid, abundant illumination, and high respiratory demands make these membranes sensitive to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Human retinas are not easily available for research, therefore most research is done on bovine retinas. However, to follow, in a controlled manner, the changes in membrane properties caused by different factors it seems advisable to apply carefully prepared models of photoreceptor membranes. Using synthetic lipids we prepared liposome models of three types of photoreceptor membranes, and by means of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and spin labeling technique we compared polarity and fluidity of those model membranes with the properties of membranes consisting of natural lipids extracted from photoreceptor outer segments of bovine retinas. Additionally, we studied the effect of oxidation on the membrane properties in the presence and in the absence of zeaxanthin, which is an antioxidant naturally present in the human retina. The results show that there are significant differences in polarity and fluidity between all investigated membranes, which reflect differences in their lipid composition. The properties of the membranes made of natural photoreceptor outer segment lipids are most similar to the ones of the models of old disks membranes. Oxidation did not change the membrane properties significantly; however, a slight ordering effect was observed in liposomes made of natural photoreceptor outer segment lipids and in the model of old disks membranes. Zeaxanthin affected polarity and fluidity mostly in the model of old disks membranes. The results show that by careful selection and appropriate proportions of lipid mixtures, it is possible to obtain synthetic membranes of the properties similar to the natural ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Duda
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kawula
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Pawlak
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wisniewska-Becker
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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22
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Zhang Z, Yomo D, Gradinaru C. Choosing the right fluorophore for single-molecule fluorescence studies in a lipid environment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1242-1253. [PMID: 28392350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonspecific interactions between lipids and fluorophores can alter the outcomes of single-molecule spectroscopy of membrane proteins in live cells, liposomes or lipid nanodiscs and of cytosolic proteins encapsulated in liposomes or tethered to supported lipid bilayers. To gain insight into these effects, we examined interactions between 9 dyes that are commonly used as labels for single-molecule fluorescence (SMF) and 6 standard lipids including cationic, zwitterionic and anionic types. The diffusion coefficients of dyes in the absence and presence of set amounts of lipid vesicles were measured by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The partition coefficients and the free energies of partitioning for different fluorophore-lipid pairs were obtained by global fitting of the titration FCS curves. Lipids with different charges, head groups and degrees of chain saturation were investigated, and interactions with dyes are discussed in terms of hydrophobic, electrostatic and steric contributions. Fluorescence imaging of individual fluorophores adsorbed on supported lipid bilayers provides visualization and additional quantification of the strength of dye-lipid interaction in the context of single-molecule measurements. By dissecting fluorophore-lipid interactions, our study provides new insights into setting up single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy experiments with minimal interference from interactions between fluorescent labels and lipids in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Dan Yomo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Claudiu Gradinaru
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada.
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23
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Fan Y, Chen C, Huang Y, Zhang F, Lin G. Study of the pH-sensitive mechanism of tumor-targeting liposomes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 151:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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24
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McClary WD, Sumida JP, Scian M, Paço L, Atkins WM. Membrane Fluidity Modulates Thermal Stability and Ligand Binding of Cytochrome P4503A4 in Lipid Nanodiscs. Biochemistry 2016; 55:6258-6268. [PMID: 27782404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) is a peripheral membrane protein that plays a major role in enzymatic detoxification of many drugs and toxins. CYP3A4 has an integral membrane N-terminal helix and a localized patch comprised of the G' and F' helix regions that are embedded in the membrane, but the effects of membrane composition on CYP3A4 function are unknown. Here, circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry were used to compare the stability of CYP3A4 in lipid bilayer nanodiscs with varying ratios of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). These lipids differ in the acyl-chain length and their degree of unsaturation. The thermal denaturation of CYP3A4 in nanodiscs occurs in a temperature range distinct from that of the nanodisc denaturation so it can be monitored calorimetrically. Melting temperatures (Tm), heat capacities (ΔCp), and calorimetric enthalpies (ΔHcal) for denaturation of CYP3A4 each increased with an increasing fraction of DMPC, with a maximum at 50% DMPC, before decreasing at 75% DMPC. Addition of the inhibitor ketoconazole results in increased thermal stability, and larger ΔCp and ΔHcal values, with different sensitivities to lipid composition. Effects of lipid composition on ligand binding dynamics were also studied. Equilibrium binding affinities of both ketoconazole (KTZ) and testosterone (TST) were minimally affected by lipid composition. However, stopped-flow analyses indicate that the rates of KTZ binding reach a maximum in membranes containing 50% DMPC, whereas the rate of TST binding decreases continuously with an increasing DMPC concentration. These results indicate that CYP3A4 is highly sensitive to the acyl-chain composition of the lipids and fluidity of the membrane in which it is embedded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynton D McClary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 357610, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, United States
| | - John P Sumida
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 357610, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, United States
| | - Michele Scian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 357610, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, United States
| | - Lorela Paço
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 357610, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, United States
| | - William M Atkins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 357610, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, United States
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25
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Parvizi-Bahktar P, Mendez-Campos J, Raju L, Khalique NA, Jubeli E, Larsen H, Nicholson D, Pungente MD, Fyles TM. Structure–activity correlation in transfection promoted by pyridinium cationic lipids. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3080-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of transfection of a plasmid DNA promoted by a series of pyridinium lipids is correlated with molecular parameters of the lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L. Raju
- Research Division
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar
- Education City
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - N. A. Khalique
- Research Division
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar
- Education City
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - E. Jubeli
- Research Division
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar
- Education City
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - H. Larsen
- Department of Physics
- University of Stavanger
- 4036 Stavanger
- Norway
| | - D. Nicholson
- Department of Chemistry
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- 7491 Trondheim
- Norway
| | - M. D. Pungente
- Premedical Unit
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar
- Education City
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - T. M. Fyles
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
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26
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Cortie CH, Hulbert AJ, Hancock SE, Mitchell TW, McAndrew D, Else PL. Of mice, pigs and humans: An analysis of mitochondrial phospholipids from mammals with very different maximal lifespans. Exp Gerontol 2015; 70:135-43. [PMID: 26315290 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The maximal lifespan (MLS) of mammals is inversely correlated with the peroxidation index, a measure of the proportion and level of unsaturation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in membranes. This relationship is likely related to the fact that PUFA are highly susceptible to damage by peroxidation. Previous comparative work has examined membrane composition at the level of fatty acids, and relatively little is known regarding the distribution of PUFA across phospholipid classes or phospholipid molecules. In addition, data for humans is extremely rare in this area. Here we present the first shotgun lipidomics analysis of mitochondrial membranes and the peroxidation index of skeletal muscle, liver, and brain in three mammals that span the range of mammalian longevity. The species compared were mice (MLS of 4 years), pigs (MLS of 27 years), and humans (MLS of 122 years). Mouse mitochondria contained highly unsaturated PUFA in all phospholipid classes. Human mitochondria had lower PUFA content and a lower degree of unsaturation of PUFA. Pig mitochondria shared characteristics of both mice and humans. We found that membrane susceptibility to peroxidation was primarily determined by a limited number of phospholipid molecules that differed between both tissues and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin H Cortie
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Anthony J Hulbert
- School of Biology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sarah E Hancock
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Darryl McAndrew
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Paul L Else
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Cutró AC, Disalvo EA. Phenylalanine Blocks Defects Induced in Gel Lipid Membranes by Osmotic Stress. J Phys Chem B 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Cutró
- Laboratorio
de Biointerfases
y Sistemas Biomiméticos, Laboratorios Centrales, Centro de
Investigaciones y Transferencia Santiago del Estero, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, CP 4206 Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - E. A. Disalvo
- Laboratorio
de Biointerfases
y Sistemas Biomiméticos, Laboratorios Centrales, Centro de
Investigaciones y Transferencia Santiago del Estero, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, CP 4206 Santiago del Estero, Argentina
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28
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Disalvo E, Pinto O, Martini M, Bouchet A, Hollmann A, Frías M. Functional role of water in membranes updated: A tribute to Träuble. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1552-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Cocchi M, Minuto C, Tonello L, Tuszynski JA. Connection between the Linoleic Acid and Psychopathology: A Symmetry-Breaking Phenomenon in the Brain? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojd.2015.44005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Przybyło M, Drabik D, Łukawski M, Langner M. Effect of Monovalent Anions on Water Transmembrane Transport. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:11470-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp505687d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Przybyło
- Laboratory for Biophysics of Macromolecular Aggregates,
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Wroclaw University of Technology, Pl. Grunwaldzki 13, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Drabik
- Laboratory for Biophysics of Macromolecular Aggregates,
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Wroclaw University of Technology, Pl. Grunwaldzki 13, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Łukawski
- Laboratory for Biophysics of Macromolecular Aggregates,
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Wroclaw University of Technology, Pl. Grunwaldzki 13, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Langner
- Laboratory for Biophysics of Macromolecular Aggregates,
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Wroclaw University of Technology, Pl. Grunwaldzki 13, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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31
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Pinto OA, Bouchet AM, Frías MA, Disalvo EA. Microthermodynamic Interpretation of Fluid States from FTIR Measurements in Lipid Membranes: A Monte Carlo Study. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10436-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5044078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Pinto
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia
de Santiago del Estero
(CITSE) and ‡Laboratorio de Biointerfases y Sistemas Biomiméticos, Centro
de Investigación y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero (CITSE), Universidad Nacional de Santiago de Estero, CONICET RN 9 Km 1125 Villa el Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, CP 4206 Argentina
| | - A. M. Bouchet
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia
de Santiago del Estero
(CITSE) and ‡Laboratorio de Biointerfases y Sistemas Biomiméticos, Centro
de Investigación y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero (CITSE), Universidad Nacional de Santiago de Estero, CONICET RN 9 Km 1125 Villa el Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, CP 4206 Argentina
| | - M. A. Frías
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia
de Santiago del Estero
(CITSE) and ‡Laboratorio de Biointerfases y Sistemas Biomiméticos, Centro
de Investigación y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero (CITSE), Universidad Nacional de Santiago de Estero, CONICET RN 9 Km 1125 Villa el Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, CP 4206 Argentina
| | - E. A. Disalvo
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia
de Santiago del Estero
(CITSE) and ‡Laboratorio de Biointerfases y Sistemas Biomiméticos, Centro
de Investigación y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero (CITSE), Universidad Nacional de Santiago de Estero, CONICET RN 9 Km 1125 Villa el Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, CP 4206 Argentina
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32
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Disalvo EA, Bouchet AM, Frias MA. Connected and isolated CH2 populations in acyl chains and its relation to pockets of confined water in lipid membranes as observed by FTIR spectrometry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1683-9. [PMID: 23500348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the band corresponding to the frequency of vibrational symmetric stretching mode of methylene groups in the lipid acyl chains and the bands of water below and above the phase transition of different lipids by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy gives strong support to the formation of confined water pockets in between the lipid acyl chains. Our measures and analysis consolidate the mechanism early proposed by Traüble, in the sense that water is present in kinks formed by trans-gauche isomers along the hydrocarbon tails. The formation of these regions depends on the acyl lipid composition, which determines the presence of different populations of water species, characterized by its degree of H bond coordination in fluid saturated or unsaturated lipids. The free energy excess due to the reinforcement of the water structure along few water molecules in the adjacencies of exposed membrane residues near the phase transition is a reasonable base to explain the insertion and translocation of polar peptides and amino acid residues through the biomembrane on thermodynamic and structural grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Disalvo
- Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
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33
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Water defects induced by expansion and electrical fields in DMPC and DMPE monolayers: Contribution of hydration and confined water. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 102:871-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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35
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Simeone L, Mangiapia G, Vitiello G, Irace C, Colonna A, Ortona O, Montesarchio D, Paduano L. Cholesterol-Based Nucleolipid-Ruthenium Complex Stabilized by Lipid Aggregates for Antineoplastic Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:758-70. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200565v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaetano Mangiapia
- CSGI − Consorzio interuniversitario per lo sviluppo
dei Sistemi
a Grande Interfase
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- CSGI − Consorzio interuniversitario per lo sviluppo
dei Sistemi
a Grande Interfase
| | - Carlo Irace
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia
Sperimentale, Università ‘‘Federico II’’ di Napoli, via D. Montesano 49, 80131
Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Colonna
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia
Sperimentale, Università ‘‘Federico II’’ di Napoli, via D. Montesano 49, 80131
Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Ortona
- CSGI − Consorzio interuniversitario per lo sviluppo
dei Sistemi
a Grande Interfase
| | | | - Luigi Paduano
- CSGI − Consorzio interuniversitario per lo sviluppo
dei Sistemi
a Grande Interfase
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36
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Ternes P, Wobbe T, Schwarz M, Albrecht S, Feussner K, Riezman I, Cregg JM, Heinz E, Riezman H, Feussner I, Warnecke D. Two pathways of sphingolipid biosynthesis are separated in the yeast Pichia pastoris. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:11401-14. [PMID: 21303904 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.193094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has only one sphingolipid class with a head group based on phosphoinositol, the yeast Pichia pastoris as well as many other fungi have a second class, glucosylceramide, which has a glucose head group. These two sphingolipid classes are in addition distinguished by a characteristic structure of their ceramide backbones. Here, we investigate the mechanisms controlling substrate entry into the glucosylceramide branch of the pathway. By a combination of enzymatic in vitro studies and lipid analysis of genetically engineered yeast strains, we show that the ceramide synthase Bar1p occupies a key branching point in sphingolipid biosynthesis in P. pastoris. By preferring dihydroxy sphingoid bases and C(16)/C(18) acyl-coenzyme A as substrates, Bar1p produces a structurally well defined group of ceramide species, which is the exclusive precursor for glucosylceramide biosynthesis. Correlating with the absence of glucosylceramide in this yeast, a gene encoding Bar1p is missing in S. cerevisiae. We could not successfully investigate the second ceramide synthase in P. pastoris that is orthologous to S. cerevisiae Lag1p/Lac1p. By analyzing the ceramide and glucosylceramide species in a collection of P. pastoris knock-out strains in which individual genes encoding enzymes involved in glucosylceramide biosynthesis were systematically deleted, we show that the ceramide species produced by Bar1p have to be modified by two additional enzymes, sphingolipid Δ4-desaturase and fatty acid α-hydroxylase, before the final addition of the glucose head group by the glucosylceramide synthase. Together, this set of four enzymes specifically defines the pathway leading to glucosylceramide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ternes
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
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37
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Effects of curvature and composition on α-synuclein binding to lipid vesicles. Biophys J 2011; 99:2279-88. [PMID: 20923663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the presence of intracellular aggregates composed primarily of the neuronal protein α-synuclein (αS). Interactions between αS and various cellular membranes are thought to be important to its native function as well as relevant to its role in disease. We use fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to investigate binding of αS to lipid vesicles as a function of the lipid composition and membrane curvature. We determine how these parameters affect the molar partition coefficient of αS, providing a quantitative measure of the binding energy, and calculate the number of lipids required to bind a single protein. Specific anionic lipids have a large effect on the free energy of binding. Lipid chain saturation influences the binding interaction to a lesser extent, with larger partition coefficients measured for gel-phase vesicles than for fluid-phase vesicles, even in the absence of anionic lipid components. Although we observe variability in the binding of the mutant proteins, differences in the free energies of partitioning are less dramatic than with varied lipid compositions. Vesicle curvature has a strong effect on the binding affinity, with a >15-fold increase in affinity for small unilamellar vesicles over large unilamellar vesicles, suggesting that αS may be a curvature-sensing protein. Our findings provide insight into how physical properties of the membrane may modulate interactions of αS with cellular membranes.
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38
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D'Errico G, Silipo A, Mangiapia G, Vitiello G, Radulescu A, Molinaro A, Lanzetta R, Paduano L. Characterization of liposomes formed by lipopolysaccharides from Burkholderia cenocepacia, Burkholderia multivorans and Agrobacterium tumefaciens: from the molecular structure to the aggregate architecture. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13574-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00066c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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