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Vazaios K, Stavrakaki Ε, Vogelezang LB, Ju J, Waranecki P, Metselaar DS, Meel MH, Kemp V, van den Hoogen BG, Hoeben RC, Chiocca EA, Goins WF, Stubbs A, Li Y, Alonso MM, Calkoen FG, Hulleman E, van der Lugt J, Lamfers ML. The heterogeneous sensitivity of pediatric brain tumors to different oncolytic viruses is predicted by unique gene expression profiles. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200804. [PMID: 38694569 PMCID: PMC11060958 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the prognosis of high-grade pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) remains dismal; however, recent cases of favorable clinical responses were documented in clinical trials using oncolytic viruses (OVs). In the current study, we employed four different species of OVs: adenovirus Delta24-RGD, herpes simplex virus rQNestin34.5v1, reovirus R124, and the non-virulent Newcastle disease virus rNDV-F0-GFP against three entities of PBTs (high-grade gliomas, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, and ependymomas) to determine their in vitro efficacy. These four OVs were screened on 14 patient-derived PBT cell cultures and the degree of oncolysis was assessed using an ATP-based assay. Subsequently, the observed viral efficacies were correlated to whole transcriptome data and Gene Ontology analysis was performed. Although no significant tumor type-specific OV efficacy was observed, the analysis revealed the intrinsic biological processes that associated with OV efficacy. The predictive power of the identified expression profiles was further validated in vitro by screening additional PBTs. In summary, our results demonstrate OV susceptibility of multiple patient-derived PBT entities and the ability to predict in vitro responses to OVs using unique expression profiles. Such profiles may hold promise for future OV preselection with effective oncolytic potency in a specific tumor, therewith potentially improving OV responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Vazaios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Εftychia Stavrakaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette B. Vogelezang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jie Ju
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Piotr Waranecki
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis S. Metselaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michaël H. Meel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Kemp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rob C. Hoeben
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William F. Goins
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Andrew Stubbs
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yunlei Li
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marta M. Alonso
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avda. de Pío XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av. de Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Av. de Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Friso G. Calkoen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Lugt
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martine L.M. Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Gujar S, Pol JG, Kumar V, Lizarralde-Guerrero M, Konda P, Kroemer G, Bell JC. Tutorial: design, production and testing of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00985-1. [PMID: 38769145 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a novel class of cancer immunotherapy agents that preferentially infect and kill cancer cells and promote protective antitumor immunity. Furthermore, OVs can be used in combination with established or upcoming immunotherapeutic agents, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, to efficiently target a wide range of malignancies. The development of OV-based therapy involves three major steps before clinical evaluation: design, production and preclinical testing. OVs can be designed as natural or engineered strains and subsequently selected for their ability to kill a broad spectrum of cancer cells rather than normal, healthy cells. OV selection is further influenced by multiple factors, such as the availability of a specific viral platform, cancer cell permissivity, the need for genetic engineering to render the virus non-pathogenic and/or more effective and logistical considerations around the use of OVs within the laboratory or clinical setting. Selected OVs are then produced and tested for their anticancer potential by using syngeneic, xenograft or humanized preclinical models wherein immunocompromised and immunocompetent setups are used to elucidate their direct oncolytic ability as well as indirect immunotherapeutic potential in vivo. Finally, OVs demonstrating the desired anticancer potential progress toward translation in patients with cancer. This tutorial provides guidelines for the design, production and preclinical testing of OVs, emphasizing considerations specific to OV technology that determine their clinical utility as cancer immunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Vishnupriyan Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Manuela Lizarralde-Guerrero
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - John C Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Shi Q, Zhao R, Chen L, Liu T, Di T, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Wang F, Han Z, Sun J, Liu S. Newcastle disease virus activates diverse signaling pathways via Src to facilitate virus entry into host macrophages. J Virol 2024; 98:e0191523. [PMID: 38334327 PMCID: PMC10949470 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01915-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As an intrinsic cellular mechanism responsible for the internalization of extracellular ligands and membrane components, caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CavME) is also exploited by certain pathogens for endocytic entry [e.g., Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of paramyxovirus]. However, the molecular mechanisms of NDV-induced CavME remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that sialic acid-containing gangliosides, rather than glycoproteins, were utilized by NDV as receptors to initiate the endocytic entry of NDV into HD11 cells. The binding of NDV to gangliosides induced the activation of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Src, leading to the phosphorylation of caveolin-1 (Cav1) and dynamin-2 (Dyn2), which contributed to the endocytic entry of NDV. Moreover, an inoculation of cells with NDV-induced actin cytoskeletal rearrangement through Src to facilitate NDV entry via endocytosis and direct fusion with the plasma membrane. Subsequently, unique members of the Rho GTPases family, RhoA and Cdc42, were activated by NDV in a Src-dependent manner. Further analyses revealed that RhoA and Cdc42 regulated the activities of specific effectors, cofilin and myosin regulatory light chain 2, responsible for actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, through diverse intracellular signaling cascades. Taken together, our results suggest that an inoculation of NDV-induced Src-mediated cellular activation by binding to ganglioside receptors. This process orchestrated NDV endocytic entry by modulating the activities of caveolae-associated Cav1 and Dyn2, as well as specific Rho GTPases and downstream effectors. IMPORTANCE In general, it is known that the paramyxovirus gains access to host cells through direct penetration at the plasma membrane; however, emerging evidence suggests more complex entry mechanisms for paramyxoviruses. The endocytic entry of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a representative member of the paramyxovirus family, into multiple types of cells has been recently reported. Herein, we demonstrate the binding of NDV to induce ganglioside-activated Src signaling, which is responsible for the endocytic entry of NDV through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. This process involved Src-dependent activation of the caveolae-associated Cav1 and Dyn2, as well as specific Rho GTPase and downstream effectors, thereby orchestrating the endocytic entry process of NDV. Our findings uncover a novel molecular mechanism of endocytic entry of NDV into host cells and provide novel insight into paramyxovirus mechanisms of entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankai Shi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Linna Chen
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Di
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunwei Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Jung BK, An YH, Jang SH, Jang JJ, Kim S, Jeon JH, Kim J, Song JJ, Jang H. The artificial amino acid change in the sialic acid-binding domain of the hemagglutinin neuraminidase of newcastle disease virus increases its specificity to HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells and tumor suppression effect. Virol J 2024; 21:7. [PMID: 38178138 PMCID: PMC10768451 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic viruses are being studied and developed as novel cancer treatments. Using directed evolution technology, structural modification of the viral surface protein increases the specificity of the oncolytic virus for a particular cancer cell. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) does not show specificity for certain types of cancer cells during infection; therefore, it has low cancer cell specificity. Hemagglutinin is an NDV receptor-binding protein on the cell surface that determines host cell tropism. NDV selectivity for specific cancer cells can be increased by artificial amino acid changes in hemagglutinin neuraminidase HN proteins via directed evolution, leading to improved therapeutic effects. METHODS Sialic acid-binding sites (H domains) of the HN protein mutant library were generated using error-prone PCR. Variants of the H domain protein were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using HCT 116 cancer cell surface molecules. The mutant S519G H domain protein showed the highest affinity for the surface protein of HCT 116 cells compared to that of different types of cancer cells. This showed that the S519G mutant H domain protein gene replaced the same part of the original HN protein gene, and S519G mutant recombinant NDV (rNDV) was constructed and recovered. S519G rNDV cancer cell killing effects were tested using the MTT assay with various cancer cell types, and the tumor suppression effect of the S519G mutant rNDV was tested in a xenograft mouse model implanted with cancer cells, including HCT 116 cells. RESULTS S519G rNDV showed increased specificity and enhanced killing ability of HCT 116 cells among various cancer cells and a stronger suppressive effect on tumor growth than the original recombinant NDV. Directed evolution using an artificial amino acid change in the NDV HN (S519G mutant) protein increased its specificity and oncolytic effect in colorectal cancer without changing its virulence. CONCLUSION These results provide a new methodology for the use of directed evolution technology for more effective oncolytic virus development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Hee An
- Libentech Co. LTD, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Jang
- Graduate School of Medical Science, College of medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Jang
- Libentech Co. LTD, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhee Kim
- Libentech Co. LTD, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jinju Kim
- Libentech Co. LTD, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jang
- Libentech Co. LTD, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Asthana A, Corona A, Shin WJ, Kwak MJ, Gaughan C, Tramontano E, Jung JU, Schobert R, Jha BK, Silverman RH, Biersack B. Analogs of the Catechol Derivative Dynasore Inhibit HIV-1 Ribonuclease H, SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 Exoribonuclease, and Virus Replication. Viruses 2023; 15:1539. [PMID: 37515225 PMCID: PMC10385162 DOI: 10.3390/v15071539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral replication often depends on RNA maturation and degradation processes catalyzed by viral ribonucleases, which are therefore candidate targets for antiviral drugs. Here, we synthesized and studied the antiviral properties of a novel nitrocatechol compound (1c) and other analogs that are structurally related to the catechol derivative dynasore. Interestingly, compound 1c strongly inhibited two DEDD box viral ribonucleases, HIV-1 RNase H and SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN). While 1c inhibited SARS-CoV-2 ExoN activity, it did not interfere with the mRNA methyltransferase activity of nsp14. In silico molecular docking placed compound 1c in the catalytic pocket of the ExoN domain of nsp14. Finally, 1c inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication but had no toxicity to human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Given its simple chemical synthesis from easily available starting materials, these results suggest that 1c might be a lead compound for the design of new antiviral compounds that target coronavirus nsp14 ExoN and other viral ribonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Asthana
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Angela Corona
- Laboratorio di Virologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Universitá degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato SS554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Kwak
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christina Gaughan
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Laboratorio di Virologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Universitá degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato SS554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Jae U Jung
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry 1, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Babal Kant Jha
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute and Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Robert H Silverman
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry 1, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Wu X, Goebbels M, Chao L, Wennekes T, van Kuppeveld FJM, de Vries E, de Haan CAM. Kinetic analysis of paramyxovirus-sialoglycan receptor interactions reveals virion motility. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011273. [PMID: 36972304 PMCID: PMC10079232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viruses initiate infection by binding to sialoglycan receptors at the cell surface. Binding to such receptors comes at a cost, however, as the sheer abundance of sialoglycans e.g. in mucus, may immobilize virions to non-functional decoy receptors. As a solution, sialoglycan-binding as well as sialoglycan-cleavage activities are often present in these viruses, which for paramyxoviruses are combined in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein. The dynamic interactions of sialoglycan-binding paramyxoviruses with their receptors are thought to be key determinants of species tropism, replication and pathogenesis. Here we used biolayer interferometry to perform kinetic analyses of receptor interactions of animal and human paramyxoviruses (Newcastle disease virus, Sendai virus, and human parainfluenza virus 3). We show that these viruses display strikingly different receptor interaction dynamics, which correlated with their receptor-binding and -cleavage activities and the presence of a second sialic acid binding site. Virion binding was followed by sialidase-driven release, during which virions cleaved sialoglycans until a virus-specific density was reached, which was largely independent of virion concentration. Sialidase-driven virion release was furthermore shown to be a cooperative process and to be affected by pH. We propose that paramyxoviruses display sialidase-driven virion motility on a receptor-coated surface, until a threshold receptor density is reached at which virions start to dissociate. Similar motility has previously been observed for influenza viruses and is likely to also apply to sialoglycan-interacting embecoviruses. Analysis of the balance between receptor-binding and -cleavage increases our understanding of host species tropism determinants and zoonotic potential of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesheng Wu
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maite Goebbels
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lemeng Chao
- Department Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Department Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vries
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A. M. de Haan
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Gee YJ, Sea YL, Lal SK. Viral modulation of lipid rafts and their potential as putative antiviral targets. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2413. [PMID: 36504273 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are ubiquitous in cells. They are identified as cholesterol and glycosphingolipid enriched microdomains on cellular membranes. They serve as platforms for cellular communications by functioning in signal transduction and membrane trafficking. Such structural organisation fulfils cellular needs for normal function, but at the same time increases vulnerability of cells to pathogen invasion. Viruses rely heavily on lipid rafts in basically every stage of the viral life cycle for successful infection. Various mechanisms of lipid rafts modification exploited by diverse viruses for attachment, internalisation, membrane fusion, genome replication, assembly and release have been brought to light. This review focuses on virus-raft interactions and how a wide range of viruses manipulate lipid rafts at distinct stages of infection. The importance of virus-raft interactions in viral infections has inspired researchers to discover and develop antivirals that target this interaction, such as statins, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, viperin, 25-hydroxycholesterol and even anti-malarial drugs. The therapeutic modulations of lipid rafts as potential antiviral intervention from in vitro and in vivo evidence are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jing Gee
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Yi Lin Sea
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Sunil Kumar Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine & Biology Platform, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
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8
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Huang F, Dai C, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Ru G. Development of Molecular Mechanisms and Their Application on Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus in Cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:889403. [PMID: 35860357 PMCID: PMC9289221 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.889403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by the destruction or mutation of cellular genetic materials induced by environmental or genetic factors. It is defined by uncontrolled cell proliferation and abnormality of the apoptotic pathways. The majority of human malignancies are characterized by distant metastasis and dissemination. Currently, the most common means of cancer treatment include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which usually damage healthy cells and cause toxicity in patients. Targeted therapy is an effective tumor treatment method with few side effects. At present, some targeted therapeutic drugs have achieved encouraging results in clinical studies, but finding an effective solution to improve the targeting and delivery efficiency of these drugs remains a challenge. In recent years, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been used to direct the tumor-targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a solid oncolytic agent capable of directly killing tumor cells and increasing tumor antigen exposure. Simultaneously, NDV can trigger the proliferation of tumor-specific immune cells and thus improve the therapeutic efficacy of NDV in cancer. Based on NDV’s inherent oncolytic activity and the stimulation of antitumor immune responses, the combination of NDV and other tumor therapy approaches can improve the antitumor efficacy while reducing drug toxicity, indicating a broad application potential. We discussed the biological properties of NDV, the antitumor molecular mechanisms of oncolytic NDV, and its application in the field of tumor therapy in this review. Furthermore, we presented new insights into the challenges that NDV will confront and suggestions for increasing NDV’s therapeutic efficacy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjing Dai
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youni Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yigang Wang, ; Guoqing Ru,
| | - Guoqing Ru
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yigang Wang, ; Guoqing Ru,
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9
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Göbel S, Kortum F, Chavez KJ, Jordan I, Sandig V, Reichl U, Altomonte J, Genzel Y. Cell-line screening and process development for a fusogenic oncolytic virus in small-scale suspension cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4945-4961. [PMID: 35767011 PMCID: PMC9329169 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a novel class of immunotherapeutics under development for the treatment of cancers. OVs that express a cognate or transgenic fusion protein is particularly promising as their enhanced intratumoral spread via syncytia formation can be a potent mechanism for tumor lysis and induction of antitumor immune responses. Rapid and efficient fusion of infected cells results in cell death before high titers are reached. Although this is an attractive safety feature, it also presents unique challenges for large-scale clinical-grade manufacture of OVs. Here we evaluate the use of four different suspension cell lines for the production of a novel fusogenic hybrid of vesicular stomatitis virus and Newcastle disease virus (rVSV-NDV). The candidate cell lines were screened for growth, metabolism, and virus productivity. Permissivity was evaluated based on extracellular infectious virus titers and cell-specific virus yields (CSVYs). For additional process optimizations, virus adaptation and multiplicity of infection (MOI) screenings were performed and confirmed in a 1 L bioreactor. BHK-21 and HEK293SF cells infected at concentrations of 2 × 106 cells/mL were identified as promising candidates for rVSV-NDV production, leading to infectious titers of 3.0 × 108 TCID50/mL and 7.5 × 107 TCID50/mL, and CSVYs of 153 and 9, respectively. Compared to the AGE1.CR.pIX reference produced in adherent cultures, oncolytic potency was not affected by production in suspension cultures and possibly even increased in cultures of HEK293SF and AGE1.CR.pIX. Our study describes promising suspension cell-based processes for efficient large-scale manufacturing of rVSV-NDV. Key points • Cell contact-dependent oncolytic virus (OV) replicates in suspension cells. • Oncolytic potency is not encompassed during suspension cultivation. • Media composition, cell line, and MOI are critical process parameters for OV production. • The designed process is scalable and shows great promise for manufacturing clinical-grade material. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12027-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Göbel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Kortum
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karim Jaén Chavez
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Jordan
- ProBioGen AG, Herbert-Bayer-Str. 8, 13086, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Sandig
- ProBioGen AG, Herbert-Bayer-Str. 8, 13086, Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Altomonte
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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10
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Lipatova AV, Soboleva AV, Gorshkov VA, Bubis JA, Solovyeva EM, Krasnov GS, Kochetkov DV, Vorobyev PO, Ilina IY, Moshkovskii SA, Kjeldsen F, Gorshkov MV, Chumakov PM, Tarasova IA. Multi-Omics Analysis of Glioblastoma Cells' Sensitivity to Oncolytic Viruses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215268. [PMID: 34771433 PMCID: PMC8582528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aims to uncover the contribution of interferon-dependent antiviral mechanisms preserved in tumor cells to the resistance of glioblastoma multiforme cells to oncolytic viruses. To characterize the functionality of interferon signaling, we used omics profiling and titration-based measurements of cell sensitivity to a panel of viruses of diverse oncolytic potential. This study shows why patient-derived glioblastoma cultures can acquire increased resistance to oncolytic viruses in the presence of interferons and suggests an approach to ranking glioblastoma cells by the acquired resistance. Our findings are important for monitoring the oncolytic potential of viruses to overcome IFN-induced resistance of tumor cells and contribute to successful therapy. Abstract Oncolytic viruses have gained momentum in the last decades as a promising tool for cancer treatment. Despite the progress, only a fraction of patients show a positive response to viral therapy. One of the key variable factors contributing to therapy outcomes is interferon-dependent antiviral mechanisms in tumor cells. Here, we evaluated this factor using patient-derived glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cultures. Cell response to the type I interferons’ (IFNs) stimulation was characterized at mRNA and protein levels. Omics analysis revealed that GBM cells overexpress interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and upregulate their proteins, similar to the normal cells. A conserved molecular pattern unambiguously differentiates between the preserved and defective responses. Comparing ISGs’ portraits with titration-based measurements of cell sensitivity to a panel of viruses, the “strength” of IFN-induced resistance acquired by GBM cells was ranked. The study demonstrates that suppressing a single ISG and encoding an essential antiviral protein, does not necessarily increase sensitivity to viruses. Conversely, silencing IFIT3 and PLSCR1 genes in tumor cells can negatively affect the internalization of vesicular stomatitis and Newcastle disease viruses. We present evidence of a complex relationship between the interferon response genes and other factors affecting the sensitivity of tumor cells to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya V. Lipatova
- V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.L.); (A.V.S.); (G.S.K.); (D.V.K.); (P.O.V.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alesya V. Soboleva
- V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.L.); (A.V.S.); (G.S.K.); (D.V.K.); (P.O.V.)
| | - Vladimir A. Gorshkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (V.A.G.); (F.K.)
| | - Julia A. Bubis
- V. L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (J.A.B.); (E.M.S.); (M.V.G.)
| | - Elizaveta M. Solovyeva
- V. L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (J.A.B.); (E.M.S.); (M.V.G.)
| | - George S. Krasnov
- V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.L.); (A.V.S.); (G.S.K.); (D.V.K.); (P.O.V.)
| | - Dmitry V. Kochetkov
- V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.L.); (A.V.S.); (G.S.K.); (D.V.K.); (P.O.V.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel O. Vorobyev
- V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.L.); (A.V.S.); (G.S.K.); (D.V.K.); (P.O.V.)
| | - Irina Y. Ilina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.Y.I.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Sergei A. Moshkovskii
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (I.Y.I.); (S.A.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medico-Biological Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Frank Kjeldsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (V.A.G.); (F.K.)
| | - Mikhail V. Gorshkov
- V. L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (J.A.B.); (E.M.S.); (M.V.G.)
| | - Peter M. Chumakov
- V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.L.); (A.V.S.); (G.S.K.); (D.V.K.); (P.O.V.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (P.M.C.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Irina A. Tarasova
- V. L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (J.A.B.); (E.M.S.); (M.V.G.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.C.); (I.A.T.)
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11
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Newcastle Disease Virus Entry into Chicken Macrophages via a pH-Dependent, Dynamin and Caveola-Mediated Endocytic Pathway That Requires Rab5. J Virol 2021; 95:e0228820. [PMID: 33762417 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02288-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular entry pathways and the mechanisms of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) entry into cells are poorly characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that chicken interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (chIFITM1), which is located in the early endosomes, could limit the replication of NDV in chicken macrophage cell line HD11, suggesting the endocytic entry of NDV into chicken macrophages. Then, we presented a systematic study about the entry mechanism of NDV into chicken macrophages. First, we demonstrated that a low-pH condition and dynamin were required during NDV entry. However, NDV entry into chicken macrophages was independent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We also found that NDV entry was dependent on membrane cholesterol. The NDV entry and replication were significantly reduced by nystatin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment, overexpression of dominant-negative (DN) caveolin-1, or knockdown of caveolin-1, suggesting that NDV entry depends on caveola-mediated endocytosis. However, macropinocytosis did not play a role in NDV entry into chicken macrophages. In addition, we found that Rab5, rather than Rab7, was involved in the entry and traffic of NDV. The colocalization of NDV with Rab5 and early endosome suggested that NDV virion was transported to early endosomes in a Rab5-dependent manner after internalization. Of particular note, the caveola-mediated endocytosis was also utilized by NDV to enter primary chicken macrophages. Moreover, NDV entered different cell types using different pathways. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that NDV virion enters chicken macrophages via a pH-dependent, dynamin and caveola-mediated endocytosis pathway and that Rab5 is involved in the traffic and location of NDV. IMPORTANCE Although the pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been extensively studied, the detailed mechanism of NDV entry into host cells is largely unknown. Macrophages are the first-line defenders of host defense against infection of pathogens. Chicken macrophages are considered one of the main types of target cells during NDV infection. Here, we comprehensively investigated the entry mechanism of NDV in chicken macrophages. This is the first report to demonstrate that NDV enters chicken macrophages via a pH-dependent, dynamin and caveola-mediated endocytosis pathway that requires Rab5. The result is important for our understanding of the entry of NDV in chicken macrophages, which will further advance the knowledge of NDV pathogenesis and provide useful clues for the development of novel preventive or therapeutic strategies against NDV infection. In addition, this information will contribute to our further understanding of pathogenesis with regard to other members of the Avulavirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family.
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12
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Hu Y, Okyere SK, Xu R, Peng G, Ren Z, Deng J, Jia Y. Assessment of antiviral activity and mechanism of rhein on newcastle disease virus (La Sota strain IV) in vitro. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1400-1404. [PMID: 33527842 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1878515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Current research is focused on the development of drug candidates from natural products. Rhein a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) from Polygonaceae (rhubarb) has exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, however no work has reported its antiviral potential, thus this study was performed to investigate the antiviral activities of rhein on new castle disease virus (NDV) in vitro.NDV infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) was prepared using 10-day-old specific pathogen free chicken embryos. Cytotoxicity and anti-viral activities of rhein were assessed using the MTT method. The interaction between NDV and cell membrane proteins were also detected using virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA). In addition NDV genes expressions in CEFs were measured using real-time fluorescent quantitative (RTFQ) PCR.The results showed that rhein effectively inhibit NDV activities maximal safe concentration of 0.125 mg/ml. This finding indicated that, rhein could be used as future antiviral drug against NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Samuel Kumi Okyere
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ruiguang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Agricultural and Environmental Branch, Jiaxing Vocational Technical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
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13
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Doostmohammadian F, Shomali T, Mosleh N, Mohammadi M. In Ovo evaluation of antiviral effects of aqueous garlic ( Allium sativum) extract against a velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2020.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The antiviral property of aqueous garlic extract against a virulent velogenic field isolate of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was investigated in a time of addition assay in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Methods: The ECEs were inoculated with the lowest concentration of the virus with HA (haemagglutination) positive activity. After determination of extract toxicity in ECEs, administration of different concentrations of the extract (0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg/mL) or ribavirin (comparative control) was performed 8 hours before (pretreatment), simultaneously (cotreatment) or 8 hours after (post treatment) virus injection. Allantoic fluids were harvested for infectivity determination, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and viral load (HA titer) assay. In vitro HA blocking activity test was also performed. Results: Allicin content of the extract was 16.6% by HPLC method. The best viability results were related to the extract in pretreatment and ribavirin in co-treatment trials (p<0.05 as compared to infected ECEs with no treatment). Pre and co-treatment assays showed better results on HA titer of garlic treated groups. In infectivity assay, the 50% embryo lethal dose (ELD50) values of NDV were roughly 500 and 50 folds of ELD50 of the untreated virus in pre and co-treatment, respectively. No change was observed in viral shapes in TEM analysis nor HA blocking activity in vitro. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of garlic shows antiviral effects against a velogenic strain of NDV in ovo accompanied by a reduction in virus infectivity and titer. These effects are most pronounced in pretreatment trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Doostmohammadian
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahoora Shomali
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Mosleh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Komura M, Suzuki M, Sangsriratanakul N, Ito M, Takahashi S, Alam MS, Ono M, Daio C, Shoham D, Takehara K. Inhibitory effect of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) on avian pathogens. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:466-472. [PMID: 30713281 PMCID: PMC6451896 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory activities of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) on avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Salmonella Infantis (SI) and Escherichia coli (EC) were evaluated. Original GSE contained 0.24% benzalkonium chloride (BZC), however, 0.0025% BZC solution could not inactivate bacteria. The activity of diluted GSE (×100, ×500 and ×1,000 with redistilled water) against selected viruses and bacteria was evaluated in this study. The GSE solutions were incubated with the pathogens over a period of time after which the remaining viruses were titrated and the bacterial colonies were counted. In the presence of organic material-5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), the test solutions were sprayed at 1 cm and 30 cm distances to test the efficacy of GSE in a spray form. Furthermore, the efficacy of GSE against bacteria on clothes was tested using non-woven cloth. GSE×100 reduced the viral titer of both AIV and NDV even in 5% FBS condition. IBDV showed high resistance to GSE. GSE×1,000 inactivated both SI and EC within 5 sec, even in the presence of 5% FBS. The disinfectant was able to maintain its efficacy in the spray form at 30 cm distance. GSE was also effective against SI and EC inoculated on fabric. GSE is a potential novel disinfectant against viruses and bacteria, effective even within a short contact time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Komura
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mayuko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Natthanan Sangsriratanakul
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mariko Ito
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Md Shahin Alam
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ono
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Chisato Daio
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Dany Shoham
- Bar-Ilan University, Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Kazuaki Takehara
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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15
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NDV entry into dendritic cells through macropinocytosis and suppression of T lymphocyte proliferation. Virology 2018; 518:126-135. [PMID: 29481983 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes major economic losses in the poultry industry. Previous studies have shown that NDV utilizes different pathways to infect various cells, including dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we demonstrate that NDV gains entry into DCs mainly via macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The detection of cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) indicates that NDV significantly induces Th1 responses and lowers Th2 responses. Furthermore, NDV entry into DCs resulted in the upregulation of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, which in turn activated the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and induced DCs apoptosis. Transwell® co-culture demonstrated that direct contact between live NDV-stimulated DCs and T cells, rather than heated-inactivated NDV, inhibited CD4+ T cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the mechanism underlying NDV infections, particularly in relation to antigen presentation cells and suppression of T cell proliferation.
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16
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Tan L, Zhang Y, Zhan Y, Yuan Y, Sun Y, Qiu X, Meng C, Song C, Liao Y, Ding C. Newcastle disease virus employs macropinocytosis and Rab5a-dependent intracellular trafficking to infect DF-1 cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86117-86133. [PMID: 27861142 PMCID: PMC5349901 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) reportedly employs direct fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane and caveolae-dependent endocytosis to enter cells. Here, we show that macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis are involved in NDV entry into a galline embryonic fibroblast cell line. Upon specific inhibition of clathrin assembly, GTPase dynamin, Na+/H+ exchangers, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, p21 activated kinase 1 or protein kinase C, entry of NDV and its propagation were suppressed. NDV entry into cells triggers Rac1-Pak1 signaling and elicits actin rearrangement and plasma membrane ruffling. Moreover, NDV internalization within macropinosomes and trafficking involve Rab5a-positive vesicles. This is the first report demonstrating that NDV utilizes clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis as alternative endocytic pathways to enter cells. These findings shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying NDV entry into cells, and provide potential targets for NDV-mediated therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiang Zhang
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Yuan
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
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17
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Yang B, Qi X, Guo H, Jia P, Chen S, Chen Z, Wang T, Wang J, Xue Q. Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Enters Caprine Endometrial Epithelial Cells via the Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis Pathway. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:210. [PMID: 29497407 PMCID: PMC5818419 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes an acute and highly contagious disease of sheep and goats and has spread with alarming speed around the world. The pathology of Peste des petits ruminants is linked to retrogressive changes and necrotic lesions in lymphoid tissues and epithelial cells. However, the process of PPRV entry into host epithelial cells remains largely unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive study of the entry mechanism of PPRV into caprine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). We clearly demonstrated that PPRV internalization was inhibited by chloroquine and ammonium chloride, which elevate the pH of various organelles. However, PPRV entry was not affected by chlorpromazine and knockdown of the clathrin heavy chain in EECs. In addition, we found that the internalization of PPRV was dependent on dynamin and membrane cholesterol and was suppressed by silencing of caveolin-1. Macropinocytosis did not play a role, but phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) was required for PPRV internalization. Cell type and receptor-dependent differences indicated that PPRV entry into caprine fetal fibroblast cells (FFCs) occurred via a different route. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PPRV enters EECs through a cholesterol-dependent caveolae-mediated uptake mechanism that is pH-dependent and requires dynamin and PI3K but is independent of clathrin. This potentially provides insight into the entry mechanisms of other morbilliviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Hui Guo
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Peilong Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qinghong Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
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18
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Masemann D, Boergeling Y, Ludwig S. Employing RNA viruses to fight cancer: novel insights into oncolytic virotherapy. Biol Chem 2017; 398:891-909. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Within recent decades, viruses that specifically target tumor cells have emerged as novel therapeutic agents against cancer. These viruses do not only act via their cell-lytic properties, but also harbor immunostimulatory features to re-direct the tumor microenvironment and stimulate tumor-directed immune responses. Furthermore, oncolytic viruses are considered to be superior to classical cancer therapies due to higher selectivity towards tumor cell destruction and, consequently, less collateral damage of non-transformed healthy tissue. In particular, the field of oncolytic RNA viruses is rapidly developing since these agents possess alternative tumor-targeting strategies compared to established oncolytic DNA viruses. Thus, oncolytic RNA viruses have broadened the field of virotherapy facilitating new strategies to fight cancer. In addition to several naturally occurring oncolytic viruses, genetically modified RNA viruses that are armed to express foreign factors such as immunostimulatory molecules have been successfully tested in early clinical trials showing promising efficacy. This review aims to provide an overview of the most promising RNA viruses in clinical development, to summarize the current knowledge of clinical trials using these viral agents, and to discuss the main issues as well as future perspectives of clinical approaches using oncolytic RNA viruses.
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Rota P, Papini N, La Rocca P, Montefiori M, Cirillo F, Piccoli M, Scurati R, Olsen L, Allevi P, Anastasia L. Synthesis and chemical characterization of several perfluorinated sialic acid glycals and evaluation of their in vitro antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1505-1513. [PMID: 30108862 PMCID: PMC6072510 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, causes a serious infectious disease in birds, resulting in severe losses in the poultry industry every year. Haemagglutinin neuraminidase glycoprotein (HN) has been recognized as a key protein in the viral infection mechanism, and its inhibition represents an attractive target for the development of new drugs based on sialic acid glycals, with the 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-d-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac2en) as their backbone. Herein we report the synthesis of several Neu5Ac2en glycals and of their perfluorinated C-5 modified derivatives, including their respective stereoisomers at C-4, together with evaluation of their in vitro antiviral activity. While all synthesized compounds were found to be active HN inhibitors in the micromolar range, we found that their potency was influenced by the chain-length of the C-5 perfluorinated acetamido functionality. Thus, the binding modes of the inhibitors were also investigated by performing a docking study. Moreover, the perfluorinated glycals were found to be more active than the corresponding normal C-5 acylic derivatives. Finally, cell-cell fusion assays on NDV infected cells revealed that the addition of a newly synthesized C-4α heptafluorobutyryl derivative almost completely inhibited NDV-induced syncytium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rota
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering , IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2 , 20097 San Donato Milanese , Milan , Italy . ; ; Tel: +0252774674
- Department of Biomedical , Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Via Saldini 50 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - N Papini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine , University of Milan , Via Fratelli Cervi 93 , 20090 Segrate , Milan , Italy
| | - P La Rocca
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering , IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2 , 20097 San Donato Milanese , Milan , Italy . ; ; Tel: +0252774674
- Department of Biomedical , Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Via Saldini 50 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - M Montefiori
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - F Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering , IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2 , 20097 San Donato Milanese , Milan , Italy . ; ; Tel: +0252774674
| | - M Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering , IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2 , 20097 San Donato Milanese , Milan , Italy . ; ; Tel: +0252774674
| | - R Scurati
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - L Olsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - P Allevi
- Department of Biomedical , Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Via Saldini 50 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - L Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering , IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2 , 20097 San Donato Milanese , Milan , Italy . ; ; Tel: +0252774674
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , University of Milan , Via Fratelli Cervi 9 , 20090 Segrate , Milan , Italy
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20
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Al-Bari MAA. Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5:e00293. [PMID: 28596841 PMCID: PMC5461643 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viruses such as HIV, dengue, influenza A, SARS coronavirus, Ebola, and other viruses pose a significant threat to human health. Majority of these viruses are responsible for the outbreaks of pathogenic lethal infections. To date, there are no effective therapeutic strategies available for the prophylaxis and treatment of these infections. Chloroquine analogs have been used for decades as the primary and most successful drugs against malaria. Concomitant with the emergence of chloroquine‐resistant Plasmodium strains and a subsequent decrease in the use as antimalarial drugs, other applications of the analogs have been investigated. Since the analogs have interesting biochemical properties, these drugs are found to be effective against a wide variety of viral infections. As antiviral action, the analogs have been shown to inhibit acidification of endosome during the events of replication and infection. Moreover, immunomodulatory effects of analogs have been beneficial to patients with severe inflammatory complications of several viral diseases. Interestingly, one of the successful targeting strategies is the inhibition of HIV replication by the analogs in vitro which are being tested in several clinical trials. This review focuses on the potentialities of chloroquine analogs for the treatment of endosomal low pH dependent emerging viral diseases.
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Yang H, He H, Tan B, Liu E, Zhao X, Zhao Y. Human metapneumovirus uses endocytosis pathway for host cell entry. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:231-237. [PMID: 27328610 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a prevalent pathogen worldwide and causes various respiratory infections. Although it is a critical pathogen in pediatric patients, it is unclear how it enters host cells. In this study, we focused on hMPV cell entry using two kinds of cell lines (Vero E6 and LLC-MK2), which are most commonly used for isolating and propagating for hMPV, and we used fluorescent dyes to label the virus particles and monitored how they enter the host cell in real time. We found that endocytosis was the predominant pathway by which hMPV entered host cells. When the virus particles were traced inside host cells, we found that a low intracellular pH was needed for intracellular fusion in LLC-MK2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hao He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Yao Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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22
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Xie W, Wen H, Chu F, Yan S, Xie W, Lin B, Chen Y, Li Z, Ren G, Song Y, Zhao L, Wang Z. Mutations in the Leucine Zipper-Like Motif of the Human Parainfluenza Virus 3 Fusion Protein Impair Fusion Activity. Intervirology 2015; 58:297-309. [PMID: 26694747 PMCID: PMC7179560 DOI: 10.1159/000441978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of the leucine zipper-like motif between HRA and HRB of the human parainfluenza virus 3 fusion protein on fusion activity. Methods Site-directed mutagenesis was utilized to substitute the heptadic residues at 257, 264, 271, 278, 285, 292, and 299 in this motif with alanine. Additionally, 3 middle heptadic leucine residues at 271, 278, and 285 were replaced with alanine singly or in combination. A vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase transient expression system was employed to express the wild-type or mutated fusion (F) proteins. Three different types of membrane fusion assays were performed to analyze the fusogenic activity, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was executed to examine the cell surface expression level, and a coimmunoprecipitation assay was conducted to probe the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN)-F interaction at the cell surface. Results All of the substitutions in this motif exhibited diminished or even lost fusion activity in all stages of fusion, although they all had no effect on cell surface expression. In the coimmunoprecipitation assay, all mutants resulted in decreased detection of the HN-F complexes compared with that of the wild-type F protein. Conclusions This motif has an important influence on fusion activity, and its integrality is indispensable for membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Xie
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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Cox RG, Mainou BA, Johnson M, Hastings AK, Schuster JE, Dermody TS, Williams JV. Human Metapneumovirus Is Capable of Entering Cells by Fusion with Endosomal Membranes. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005303. [PMID: 26629703 PMCID: PMC4667933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is a leading cause of lower respiratory illness. Although receptor binding is thought to initiate fusion at the plasma membrane for paramyxoviruses, the entry mechanism for HMPV is largely uncharacterized. Here we sought to determine whether HMPV initiates fusion at the plasma membrane or following internalization. To study the HMPV entry process in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, we used fluorescence microscopy, an R18-dequenching fusion assay, and developed a quantitative, fluorescence microscopy assay to follow virus binding, internalization, membrane fusion, and visualize the cellular site of HMPV fusion. We found that HMPV particles are internalized into human bronchial epithelial cells before fusing with endosomes. Using chemical inhibitors and RNA interference, we determined that HMPV particles are internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a dynamin-dependent manner. HMPV fusion and productive infection are promoted by RGD-binding integrin engagement, internalization, actin polymerization, and dynamin. Further, HMPV fusion is pH-independent, although infection with rare strains is modestly inhibited by RNA interference or chemical inhibition of endosomal acidification. Thus, HMPV can enter via endocytosis, but the viral fusion machinery is not triggered by low pH. Together, our results indicate that HMPV is capable of entering host cells by multiple pathways, including membrane fusion from endosomal compartments. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a paramyxovirus that causes severe lower respiratory tract infections. HMPV infection is initiated by the viral surface fusion (F) glycoprotein. HMPV F attaches to cellular receptors, including RGD-binding integrins, and catalyzes virus membrane fusion with cellular membranes during virus entry. Although most paramyxoviruses enter cells by coupling receptor binding to membrane fusion at the cell surface, the entry mechanism for HMPV is largely uncharacterized. In this study, we sought to determine the cellular site of HMPV fusion. We show that HMPV particles are internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and fuse with endosomal membranes. Furthermore, HMPV engages RGD-binding integrins for endosomal trafficking and full virus membrane fusion with intracellular membranes, suggesting that HMPV uses integrins to facilitate movement into target cells rather than as a trigger for fusion at the cell surface. Inhibition of endosomal acidification had only a modest strain-specific effect, suggesting that low pH exposure is not required for HMPV fusion. These results expand knowledge of mechanisms of HMPV entry and suggest new potential therapeutic interventions against this medically important virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan G. Cox
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bernardo A. Mainou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Monika Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew K. Hastings
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. Schuster
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Terence S. Dermody
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - John V. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Xie W, Wen H, Chu F, Yan S, Lin B, Xie W, Liu Y, Ren G, Zhao L, Song Y, Sun C, Wang Z. Mutations in the DI-DII Linker of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Fusion Protein Result in Diminished Fusion Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136474. [PMID: 26305905 PMCID: PMC4549179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) can cause severe respiratory tract diseases in infants and young children, but no licensed vaccines or antiviral agents are currently available for treatment. Fusing the viral and target cell membranes is a prerequisite for its entry into host cells and is directly mediated by the fusion (F) protein. Although several domains of F are known to have important effects on regulating the membrane fusion activity, the roles of the DI-DII linker (residues 369–374) of the HPIV3 F protein in the fusogenicity still remains ill-defined. To facilitate our understanding of the role of this domain might play in F-induced cell-cell fusion, nine single mutations were engineered into this domain by site-directed mutagenesis. A vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase transient expression system was employed to express the wild-type or mutated F proteins. These mutants were analyzed for membrane fusion activity, cell surface expression, and interaction between F and HN protein. Each of the mutated F proteins in this domain has a cell surface expression level similar to that of wild-type F. All of them resulted in a significant reduction in fusogenic activity in all steps of membrane fusion. Furthermore, all these fusion-deficient mutants reduced the amount of the HN-F complexes at the cell surface. Together, the results of our work suggest that this region has an important effect on the fusogenic activity of F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Xie
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongling Wen
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fulu Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaofeng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Wenli Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guijie Ren
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengxi Sun
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Palgen JL, Jurgens EM, Moscona A, Porotto M, Palermo LM. Unity in diversity: shared mechanism of entry among paramyxoviruses. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 129:1-32. [PMID: 25595799 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Paramyxoviridae family includes many viruses that are pathogenic in humans, including parainfluenza viruses, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and the emerging zoonotic Henipaviruses. No effective treatments are currently available for these viruses, and there is a need for efficient antiviral therapies. Paramyxoviruses enter the target cell by binding to a cell surface receptor and then fusing the viral envelope with the target cell membrane, allowing the release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm. Blockage of these crucial steps prevents infection and disease. Binding and fusion are driven by two virus-encoded glycoproteins, the receptor-binding protein and the fusion protein, that together form the viral "fusion machinery." The development of efficient antiviral drugs requires a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of the Paramyxoviridae fusion machinery, which is still controversial. Here, we review recent structural and functional data on these proteins and the current understanding of the mechanism of the paramyxovirus cell entry process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Palgen
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon, France
| | - Eric M Jurgens
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA.
| | - Laura M Palermo
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA
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26
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Navarro G, Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K, Franco R. Potential of caveolae in the therapy of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Front Physiol 2014; 5:370. [PMID: 25324780 PMCID: PMC4179688 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are membrane micro-domains enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids and caveolins, which are transmembrane proteins with a hairpin-like structure. Caveolae participate in receptor-mediated trafficking of cell surface receptors and receptor-mediated signaling. Furthermore, caveolae participate in clathrin-independent endocytosis of membrane receptors. On the one hand, caveolins are involved in vascular and cardiac dysfunction. Also, neurological abnormalities in caveolin-1 knockout mice and a link between caveolin-1 gene haplotypes and neurodegenerative diseases have been reported. The aim of this article is to present the rationale for considering caveolae as potential targets in cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rafael Franco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Newcastle disease virus: current status and our understanding. Virus Res 2014; 184:71-81. [PMID: 24589707 PMCID: PMC7127793 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the highly pathogenic viral diseases of avian species. ND is economically significant because of the huge mortality and morbidity associated with it. The disease is endemic in many third world countries where agriculture serves as the primary source of national income. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and is well characterized member among the avian paramyxovirus serotypes. In recent years, NDV has lured the virologists not only because of its pathogenic potential, but also for its oncolytic activity and its use as a vaccine vector for both humans and animals. The NDV based recombinant vaccine offers a pertinent choice for the construction of live attenuated vaccine due to its modular nature of transcription, minimum recombination frequency, and lack of DNA phase during replication. Our current understanding about the NDV biology is expanding rapidly because of the availability of modern molecular biology tools and high-throughput complete genome sequencing.
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