1
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Albani S, Eswaran VSB, Piergentili A, de Souza PCT, Lampert A, Rossetti G. Depletion of membrane cholesterol modifies structure, dynamic and activation of Na v1.7. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134219. [PMID: 39097041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a major component of plasma membranes and plays a significant role in actively regulating the functioning of several membrane proteins in humans. In this study, we focus on the role of cholesterol depletion on the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7, which is primarily expressed in the peripheral sensory neurons and linked to various chronic inherited pain syndromes. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations revealed key dynamic changes of Nav1.7 upon membrane cholesterol depletion: A loss of rigidity in the structural motifs linked to activation and fast-inactivation is observed, suggesting an easier transition of the channel between different gating states. In-vitro whole-cell patch clamp experiments on HEK293t cells expressing Nav1.7 validated these predictions at the functional level: Hyperpolarizing shifts in the voltage-dependence of activation and fast-inactivation were observed along with an acceleration of the time to peak and onset kinetics of fast inactivation. These results underline the critical role of membrane composition, and of cholesterol in particular, in influencing Nav1.7 gating characteristics. Furthermore, our results also point to cholesterol-driven changes of the geometry of drug-binding regions, hinting to a key role of the membrane environment in the regulation of drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Albani
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9)/Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Faculty of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Alessia Piergentili
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9)/Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Faculty of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paulo Cesar Telles de Souza
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, CNRS, UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France; Centre Blaise Pascal de Simulation et de Modélisation Numérique, Ecole Normale, Supérieure de Lyon, 46 All'ee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Angelika Lampert
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9)/Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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2
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Orlikowska-Rzeznik H, Versluis J, Bakker HJ, Piatkowski L. Cholesterol Changes Interfacial Water Alignment in Model Cell Membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13151-13162. [PMID: 38687869 PMCID: PMC11099968 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The nanoscopic layer of water that directly hydrates biological membranes plays a critical role in maintaining the cell structure, regulating biochemical processes, and managing intermolecular interactions at the membrane interface. Therefore, comprehending the membrane structure, including its hydration, is essential for understanding the chemistry of life. While cholesterol is a fundamental lipid molecule in mammalian cells, influencing both the structure and dynamics of cell membranes, its impact on the structure of interfacial water has remained unknown. We used surface-specific vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy to study the effect of cholesterol on the structure and hydration of monolayers of the lipids 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), and egg sphingomyelin (SM). We found that for the unsaturated lipid DOPC, cholesterol intercalates in the membrane without significantly changing the orientation of the lipid tails and the orientation of the water molecules hydrating the headgroups of DOPC. In contrast, for the saturated lipids DPPC and SM, the addition of cholesterol leads to clearly enhanced packing and ordering of the hydrophobic tails. It is also observed that the orientation of the water hydrating the lipid headgroups is enhanced upon the addition of cholesterol. These results are important because the orientation of interfacial water molecules influences the cell membranes' dipole potential and the strength and specificity of interactions between cell membranes and peripheral proteins and other biomolecules. The lipid nature-dependent role of cholesterol in altering the arrangement of interfacial water molecules offers a fresh perspective on domain-selective cellular processes, such as protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Orlikowska-Rzeznik
- Faculty
of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Versluis
- AMOLF,
Ultrafast Spectroscopy, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib J. Bakker
- AMOLF,
Ultrafast Spectroscopy, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukasz Piatkowski
- Faculty
of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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3
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Kalinichenko L, Kornhuber J, Sinning S, Haase J, Müller CP. Serotonin Signaling through Lipid Membranes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1298-1320. [PMID: 38499042 PMCID: PMC10995955 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a vital modulatory neurotransmitter responsible for regulating most behaviors in the brain. An inefficient 5-HT synaptic function is often linked to various mental disorders. Primarily, membrane proteins controlling the expression and activity of 5-HT synthesis, storage, release, receptor activation, and inactivation are critical to 5-HT signaling in synaptic and extra-synaptic sites. Moreover, these signals represent information transmission across membranes. Although the lipid membrane environment is often viewed as fairly stable, emerging research suggests significant functional lipid-protein interactions with many synaptic 5-HT proteins. These protein-lipid interactions extend to almost all the primary lipid classes that form the plasma membrane. Collectively, these lipid classes and lipid-protein interactions affect 5-HT synaptic efficacy at the synapse. The highly dynamic lipid composition of synaptic membranes suggests that these lipids and their interactions with proteins may contribute to the plasticity of the 5-HT synapse. Therefore, this broader protein-lipid model of the 5-HT synapse necessitates a reconsideration of 5-HT's role in various associated mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov
S. Kalinichenko
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University
Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University
Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Sinning
- Department
of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jana Haase
- School
of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian P. Müller
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University
Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical
Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69047, Mannheim, Germany
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4
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Thakur GCN, Uday A, Cebecauer M, Roos WH, Cwiklik L, Hof M, Jurkiewicz P, Melcrová A. Charge of a transmembrane peptide alters its interaction with lipid membranes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 235:113765. [PMID: 38309153 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Transmembrane (TM) proteins interact closely with the surrounding membrane lipids. Lipids in the vicinity of TM proteins were reported to have hindered mobility, which has been associated with lipids being caught up in the rough surface of the TM domains. These reports, however, neglect one important factor that largely influences the membrane behavior - electrostatics of the TM peptides that are usually positively charged at their cytosolic end. Here, we study on the example of a neutral and a positively charged WALP peptide, how the charge of a TM peptide influences the membrane. We investigate both its dynamics and mechanics by: (i) time dependent fluorescent shift in combination with classical and FRET generalized polarization to evaluate the mobility of lipids at short and long-range distance from the peptide, (ii) atomic force microscopy to observe the mechanical stability of the peptide-containing membranes, and (iii) molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the peptide-lipid interactions. We show that both TM peptides lower lipid mobility in their closest surroundings. The peptides cause lateral heterogeneity in lipid mobility, which in turn prevents free lipid rearrangement and lowers the membrane ability to seal ruptures after mechanical indentations. Introduction of a positive charge to the peptide largely enhances these effects, affecting the whole membrane. We thus highlight that unspecific peptide-lipid interactions, especially the electrostatics, should not be overlooked as they have a great impact on the mechanics and dynamics of the whole membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima C N Thakur
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic; University of Chemical and Technology, Technická 5, Dejvice, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Arunima Uday
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic; University of Chemical and Technology, Technická 5, Dejvice, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Cebecauer
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Adéla Melcrová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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5
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Hazra R, Roy D. Robustness of heteroaggregates involving hydrophobic cholesterol and its mimetics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27230-27243. [PMID: 37791397 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02174b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the self and cross aggregation affinity of cholesterol (CHL) and some of its lookalikes, e.g., cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHM), campesterol (CAM) and arjunic acid (ARJ), provides crucial understanding towards the influence of weak forces in inducing mixed micellization through heteroaggregation. Strongly hydrophobic CHL, with a benchmark inclination towards aggregation, often forms detrimental plaques in crucial human organs that are fairly difficult to disintegrate. Traditionally known anti-dyslipidemic agents like CAM and ARJ are known to interact strongly with CHL in the gut when ingested. They further form mixed micelles along with the bile components and interfere with the CHL absorption across the epithelial cell layer of the intestine. Some invariant questions like how robust are the heteroaggregates formed between these mimetics and CHL are very important to appreciate the efficacy of such anti-dyslipidemic agents. In this work using molecular dynamics simulations and varied structural analysis, we characterize the heteroaggregates. Simulations indicate that CHL-CHM mixed assemblies are comparatively bigger and significantly stabilized by strong electrostatic and favourable vdW forces. Small and diffused CHL-ARJ aggregates are observed in our simulations with a not so favourable energetics, indicating a possible attenuation pathway of CHL aggregation in the presence of ARJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India.
| | - Durba Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India.
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6
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Javanainen M, Heftberger P, Madsen JJ, Miettinen MS, Pabst G, Ollila OHS. Quantitative Comparison against Experiments Reveals Imperfections in Force Fields' Descriptions of POPC-Cholesterol Interactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6342-6352. [PMID: 37616238 PMCID: PMC10536986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a central building block in biomembranes, where it induces orientational order, slows diffusion, renders the membrane stiffer, and drives domain formation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have played a crucial role in resolving these effects at the molecular level; yet, it has recently become evident that different MD force fields predict quantitatively different behavior. Although easily neglected, identifying such limitations is increasingly important as the field rapidly progresses toward simulations of complex membranes mimicking the in vivo conditions: pertinent multicomponent simulations must capture accurately the interactions between their fundamental building blocks, such as phospholipids and cholesterol. Here, we define quantitative quality measures for simulations of binary lipid mixtures in membranes against the C-H bond order parameters and lateral diffusion coefficients from NMR spectroscopy as well as the form factors from X-ray scattering. Based on these measures, we perform a systematic evaluation of the ability of commonly used force fields to describe the structure and dynamics of binary mixtures of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) and cholesterol. None of the tested force fields clearly outperforms the others across the tested properties and conditions. Still, the Slipids parameters provide the best overall performance in our tests, especially when dynamic properties are included in the evaluation. The quality evaluation metrics introduced in this work will, particularly, foster future force field development and refinement for multicomponent membranes using automated approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Javanainen
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Heftberger
- Biophysics,
Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jesper J. Madsen
- Global
and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
- Center
for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public
Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Markus S. Miettinen
- Fachbereich
Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- Computational
Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Georg Pabst
- Biophysics,
Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence
BioHealth—University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - O. H. Samuli Ollila
- Institute
of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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7
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Isu UH, Badiee SA, Khodadadi E, Moradi M. Cholesterol in Class C GPCRs: Role, Relevance, and Localization. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:301. [PMID: 36984688 PMCID: PMC10056374 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the largest superfamilies of cell-surface receptors, are heptahelical integral membrane proteins that play critical roles in virtually every organ system. G-protein-coupled receptors operate in membranes rich in cholesterol, with an imbalance in cholesterol level within the vicinity of GPCR transmembrane domains affecting the structure and/or function of many GPCRs, a phenomenon that has been linked to several diseases. These effects of cholesterol could result in indirect changes by altering the mechanical properties of the lipid environment or direct changes by binding to specific sites on the protein. There are a number of studies and reviews on how cholesterol modulates class A GPCRs; however, this area of study is yet to be explored for class C GPCRs, which are characterized by a large extracellular region and often form constitutive dimers. This review highlights specific sites of interaction, functions, and structural dynamics involved in the cholesterol recognition of the class C GPCRs. We summarize recent data from some typical family members to explain the effects of membrane cholesterol on the structural features and functions of class C GPCRs and speculate on their corresponding therapeutic potential.
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8
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Serdiuk T, Manna M, Zhang C, Mari SA, Kulig W, Pluhackova K, Kobilka BK, Vattulainen I, Müller DJ. A cholesterol analog stabilizes the human β 2-adrenergic receptor nonlinearly with temperature. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabi7031. [PMID: 35671340 PMCID: PMC10754352 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abi7031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In cell membranes, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact with cholesterol, which modulates their assembly, stability, and conformation. Previous studies have shown how cholesterol modulates the structural properties of GPCRs at ambient temperature. Here, we characterized the mechanical, kinetic, and energetic properties of the human β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in the presence and absence of the cholesterol analog cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) at room temperature (25°C), at physiological temperature (37°C), and at high temperature (42°C). We found that CHS stabilized various structural regions of β2AR differentially, which changed nonlinearly with temperature. Thereby, the strongest effects were observed for structural regions that are important for receptor signaling. Moreover, at 37°C, but not at 25° or 42°C, CHS caused β2AR to increase and stabilize conformational substates to adopt to basal activity. These findings indicate that the nonlinear, temperature-dependent action of CHS in modulating the structural and functional properties of this GPCR is optimized for 37°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Serdiuk
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moutusi Manna
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR–Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, gujarat, india
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Stefania A. Mari
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristyna Pluhackova
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Cluster of Excellence SimTech, Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Brian K. Kobilka
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, P. O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniel J. Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Schachter I, Paananen RO, Fábián B, Jurkiewicz P, Javanainen M. The Two Faces of the Liquid Ordered Phase. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1307-1313. [PMID: 35104407 PMCID: PMC8842317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Coexisting liquid ordered (Lo) and liquid disordered (Ld) lipid phases in synthetic and plasma membrane-derived vesicles are commonly used to model the heterogeneity of biological membranes, including their putative ordered rafts. However, raft-associated proteins exclusively partition to the Ld and not the Lo phase in these model systems. We believe that the difference stems from the different microscopic structures of the lipid rafts at physiological temperature and the Lo phase studied at room temperature. To probe this structural diversity across temperatures, we performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, differential scanning calorimetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy on Lo phase membranes. Our results suggest that raft-associated proteins are excluded from the Lo phase at room temperature due to the presence of a stiff, hexagonally packed lipid structure. This structure melts upon heating, which could lead to the preferential solvation of proteins by order-preferring lipids. This structural transition is manifested as a subtle crossover in membrane properties; yet, both temperature regimes still fulfill the definition of the Lo phase. We postulate that in the compositionally complex plasma membrane and in vesicles derived therefrom, both molecular structures can be present depending on the local lipid composition. These structural differences must be taken into account when using synthetic or plasma membrane-derived vesicles as a model for cellular membrane heterogeneity below the physiological temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Schachter
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Chemistry, the Fritz Haber Research Center, and the Harvey M. Kruger
Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Riku O. Paananen
- Department
of Chemistry, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Ophthalmology, FI-00014 University of
Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Balázs Fábián
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences, Dolejškova
2155/3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- E-mail:
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Biotechnology, FI-00014 University of
Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- E-mail:
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10
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Claxton DP, Overway EM, Oeser JK, O'Brien RM, Mchaourab HS. Biophysical and functional properties of purified glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101520. [PMID: 34952005 PMCID: PMC8753184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 (G6PC1) plays a critical role in hepatic glucose production during fasting by mediating the terminal step of the gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis pathways. In concert with accessory transport proteins, this membrane-integrated enzyme catalyzes glucose production from glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to support blood glucose homeostasis. Consistent with its metabolic function, dysregulation of G6PC1 gene expression contributes to diabetes, and mutations that impair phosphohydrolase activity form the clinical basis of glycogen storage disease type 1a. Despite its relevance to health and disease, a comprehensive view of G6PC1 structure and mechanism has been limited by the absence of expression and purification strategies that isolate the enzyme in a functional form. In this report, we apply a suite of biophysical and biochemical tools to fingerprint the in vitro attributes of catalytically active G6PC1 solubilized in lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol (LMNG) detergent micelles. When purified from Sf9 insect cell membranes, the glycosylated mouse ortholog (mG6PC1) recapitulated functional properties observed previously in intact hepatic microsomes and displayed the highest specific activity reported to date. Additionally, our results establish a direct correlation between the catalytic and structural stability of mG6PC1, which is underscored by the enhanced thermostability conferred by phosphatidylcholine and the cholesterol analog cholesteryl hemisuccinate. In contrast, the N96A variant, which blocks N-linked glycosylation, reduced thermostability. The methodologies described here overcome long-standing obstacles in the field and lay the necessary groundwork for a detailed analysis of the mechanistic structural biology of G6PC1 and its role in complex metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P Claxton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Emily M Overway
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James K Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hassane S Mchaourab
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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11
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Scollo F, Evci H, Amaro M, Jurkiewicz P, Sykora J, Hof M. What Does Time-Dependent Fluorescence Shift (TDFS) in Biomembranes (and Proteins) Report on? Front Chem 2021; 9:738350. [PMID: 34778202 PMCID: PMC8586494 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.738350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization of biomolecules and bioassemblies is highly governed by the nature and extent of their interactions with water. These interactions are of high intricacy and a broad range of methods based on various principles have been introduced to characterize them. As these methods view the hydration phenomena differently (e.g., in terms of time and length scales), a detailed insight in each particular technique is to promote the overall understanding of the stunning “hydration world.” In this prospective mini-review we therefore critically examine time-dependent fluorescence shift (TDFS)—an experimental method with a high potential for studying the hydration in the biological systems. We demonstrate that TDFS is very useful especially for phospholipid bilayers for mapping the interfacial region formed by the hydrated lipid headgroups. TDFS, when properly applied, reports on the degree of hydration and mobility of the hydrated phospholipid segments in the close vicinity of the fluorophore embedded in the bilayer. Here, the interpretation of the recorded TDFS parameters are thoroughly discussed, also in the context of the findings obtained by other experimental techniques addressing the hydration phenomena (e.g., molecular dynamics simulations, NMR spectroscopy, scattering techniques, etc.). The differences in the interpretations of TDFS outputs between phospholipid biomembranes and proteins are also addressed. Additionally, prerequisites for the successful TDFS application are presented (i.e., the proper choice of fluorescence dye for TDFS studies, and TDFS instrumentation). Finally, the effects of ions and oxidized phospholipids on the bilayer organization and headgroup packing viewed from TDFS perspective are presented as application examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scollo
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hüseyin Evci
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Mariana Amaro
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Sykora
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
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12
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Cholesterol in GPCR Structures: Prevalence and Relevance. J Membr Biol 2021; 255:99-106. [PMID: 34365520 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bound cholesterol molecules are emerging as important hallmarks of GPCR structures. In this commentary, we analyze their statistical prevalence and biological relevance.
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13
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Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Cholesterol footprint in high-resolution structures of serotonin receptors: Where are we now and what does it mean? Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 239:105120. [PMID: 34332970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An emerging feature of several high-resolution GPCR structures is the presence of closely bound cholesterol molecules. In this Perspective, we share the excitement of the recent advancements in GPCR structural biology. We further highlight our laboratory's journey in comprehensively elucidating functional sensitivity of GPCRs (using the serotonin1A receptor as a representative neurotransmitter GPCR) to membrane cholesterol and validation using a variety of assays and molecular dynamics simulations. Although high-resolution structures of many GPCRs have been reported in the last few years, the structure of the serotoin1A receptor proved to be elusive for a long time. Very recently the cryo-EM structure of the serotoin1A receptor displaying 10 bound cholesterol molecules has been reported. We conclude by providing a critical analysis of caveats involved in GPCR structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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14
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Cecchetti C, Strauss J, Stohrer C, Naylor C, Pryor E, Hobbs J, Tanley S, Goldman A, Byrne B. A novel high-throughput screen for identifying lipids that stabilise membrane proteins in detergent based solution. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254118. [PMID: 34252116 PMCID: PMC8274869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins have a range of crucial biological functions and are the target of about 60% of all prescribed drugs. For most studies, they need to be extracted out of the lipid-bilayer, e.g. by detergent solubilisation, leading to the loss of native lipids, which may disturb important protein-lipid/bilayer interactions and thus functional and structural integrity. Relipidation of membrane proteins has proven extremely successful for studying challenging targets, but the identification of suitable lipids can be expensive and laborious. Therefore, we developed a screen to aid the high-throughput identification of beneficial lipids. The screen covers a large lipid space and was designed to be suitable for a range of stability assessment methods. Here, we demonstrate its use as a tool for identifying stabilising lipids for three membrane proteins: a bacterial pyrophosphatase (Tm-PPase), a fungal purine transporter (UapA) and a human GPCR (A2AR). A2AR is stabilised by cholesteryl hemisuccinate, a lipid well known to stabilise GPCRs, validating the approach. Additionally, our screen also identified a range of new lipids which stabilised our test proteins, providing a starting point for further investigation and demonstrating its value as a novel tool for membrane protein research. The pre-dispensed screen will be made commercially available to the scientific community in future and has a number of potential applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cecchetti
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jannik Strauss
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Stohrer
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Edward Pryor
- Anatrace, Maumee, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | | | - Adrian Goldman
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- MIBS, Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail: (AG); (BB)
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AG); (BB)
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15
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Mahmoudzadeh M, Magarkar A, Koivuniemi A, Róg T, Bunker A. Mechanistic Insight into How PEGylation Reduces the Efficacy of pH-Sensitive Liposomes from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2612-2621. [PMID: 34096310 PMCID: PMC8289284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Liposome-based drug
delivery systems composed of DOPE stabilized
with cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHMS) have been proposed as a drug
delivery mechanism with pH-triggered release as the anionic form (CHSa)
is protonated (CHS) at reduced pH; PEGylation is known to decrease
this pH sensitivity. In this manuscript, we set out to use molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations with a model with all-atom resolution to
provide insight into why incorporation of poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG)
into DOPE–CHMS liposomes reduces their pH sensitivity; we also
address two additional questions: (1) How CHSa stabilizes DOPE bilayers
into a lamellar conformation at a physiological pH of 7.4? and (2)
how the change from CHSa to CHS at acidic pH triggers the destabilization
of DOPE bilayers? We found that (A) CHSa stabilizes the DOPE lipid
membrane by increasing the hydrophilicity of the bilayer surface,
(B) when CHSa changes to CHS by pH reduction, DOPE bilayers are destabilized
due to a reduction in bilayer hydrophilicity and a reduction in the
area per lipid, and (C) PEG stabilizes DOPE bilayers into the lamellar
phase, thus reducing the pH sensitivity of the liposomes by increasing
the area per lipid through penetration into the bilayer, which is
our main focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmoudzadeh
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aniket Magarkar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Artturi Koivuniemi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaarie 5 E, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex Bunker
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaarie 5 E, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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16
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A property fine-tuned sulfobetaine cholesterol derivative for membrane protein structural biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129908. [PMID: 33848598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Antila HS, M. Ferreira T, Ollila OHS, Miettinen MS. Using Open Data to Rapidly Benchmark Biomolecular Simulations: Phospholipid Conformational Dynamics. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:938-949. [PMID: 33496579 PMCID: PMC7903423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are widely used to monitor time-resolved motions of biomacromolecules, although it often remains unknown how closely the conformational dynamics correspond to those occurring in real life. Here, we used a large set of open-access MD trajectories of phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid bilayers to benchmark the conformational dynamics in several contemporary MD models (force fields) against nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data available in the literature: effective correlation times and spin-lattice relaxation rates. We found none of the tested MD models to fully reproduce the conformational dynamics. That said, the dynamics in CHARMM36 and Slipids are more realistic than in the Amber Lipid14, OPLS-based MacRog, and GROMOS-based Berger force fields, whose sampling of the glycerol backbone conformations is too slow. The performance of CHARMM36 persists when cholesterol is added to the bilayer, and when the hydration level is reduced. However, for conformational dynamics of the PC headgroup, both with and without cholesterol, Slipids provides the most realistic description because CHARMM36 overestimates the relative weight of ∼1 ns processes in the headgroup dynamics. We stress that not a single new simulation was run for the present work. This demonstrates the worth of open-access MD trajectory databanks for the indispensable step of any serious MD study: benchmarking the available force fields. We believe this proof of principle will inspire other novel applications of MD trajectory databanks and thus aid in developing biomolecular MD simulations into a true computational microscope-not only for lipid membranes but for all biomacromolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne S. Antila
- Department
of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tiago M. Ferreira
- NMR
Group−Institute for Physics, Martin-Luther
University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Markus S. Miettinen
- Department
of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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18
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Hanashima S, Fukuda N, Malabed R, Murata M, Kinoshita M, Greimel P, Hirabayashi Y. β-Glucosylation of cholesterol reduces sterol-sphingomyelin interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183496. [PMID: 33130096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cholesteryl-β-D-glucoside (ChoGlc) is a mammalian glycolipid that is expressed in brain tissue. The effects of glucosylation on the ordering and lipid interactions of cholesterol (Cho) were examined in membranes composed of N-stearoyl sphingomyelin (SSM), which is abundant in the brain, and to investigate the possible molecular mechanism involved in these interactions. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that ChoGlc was miscible with SSM in a similar extent of Cho. Solid-state 2H NMR of deuterated SSM and fluorescent anisotropy using 1,6-diphenylhexatriene demonstrated that the glucosylation of Cho significantly reduced the effect of the sterol tetracyclic core on the ordering of SSM chains. The orientation of the sterol core was further examined by solid-state NMR analysis of deuterated and fluorinated ChoGlc analogues. ChoGlc had a smaller tilt angle between the long molecular axis (C3-C17) and the membrane normal than Cho in SSM bilayers, and the fluctuations in the tilt angle were largely unaffected by temperature-dependent mobility changes of SSM acyl chains. This orientation of the sterol core of ChoGlc leads to reduce sterol-SSM interactions. The MD simulation results suggested that the Glc moiety perturbs the SSM-sterol interactions, which reduces the umbrella effect of the phosphocholine headgroup because the hydrophilic glucose moiety resides at the same depth as an SSM amide group. These differences between ChoGlc and Cho also weaken the SSM-ChoGlc interactions. Thus, the distribution and localization of Cho and ChoGlc possibly control the stability of sphingomyelin-based domains that transiently occur at specific locations in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Nanami Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Raymond Malabed
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Msanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Peter Greimel
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
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19
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Mu CF, Cui F, Yin YM, Cho HJ, Kim DD. Docetaxel-Loaded Chitosan-Cholesterol Conjugate-Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090783. [PMID: 32825000 PMCID: PMC7558660 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS)-conjugated chitosan (CS)-based self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) were developed for enhancing the intracellular uptake of docetaxel in multidrug resistance (MDR)-acquired cancer cells. CHS-CS was successfully synthesized and self-aggregation, particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release of docetaxel-loaded CHS-CS NPs were tested. The optimized NPs had a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 303 nm, positive zeta potential of 21.3 mV, and spherical shape. The in vitro release of docetaxel from the optimized CHS-CS NPs in different pH medium (pH 6.0 and 7.4) revealed that the release was improved in a more acidic condition (pH 6.0), representing a tumor cell's environment. The superior MDR-overcoming effect of docetaxel-loaded CHS-CS NPs, compared with docetaxel solution, was verified in anti-proliferation and cellular accumulation studies in MDR-acquired KBV20C cells. Thus, CHS-CS NPs could be potentially used for overcoming the MDR effect in anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Mu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.-F.M.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Fude Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Yong-Mei Yin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.-F.M.); (Y.-M.Y.)
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.C.); (D.-D.K.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6916 (H.-J.C.); +82-2-880-7870 (D.-D.K.)
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.-F.M.); (Y.-M.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.-J.C.); (D.-D.K.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6916 (H.-J.C.); +82-2-880-7870 (D.-D.K.)
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20
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Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Cholesterol interaction motifs in G protein-coupled receptors: Slippery hot spots? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1481. [PMID: 32032482 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are cell membrane associated signaling hubs that orchestrate a multitude of cellular functions upon binding to a diverse variety of extracellular ligands. Since GPCRs are integral membrane proteins with seven-transmembrane domain architecture, their function, organization and dynamics are intimately regulated by membrane lipids, such as cholesterol. Cholesterol is an extensively studied lipids in terms of its effects on GPCR structure and function. One of the possible mechanisms underlying modulation of GPCR function by cholesterol is via specific interaction of GPCRs with membrane cholesterol. These interactions of GPCRs with membrane cholesterol are often attributed to structural features of GPCRs that could facilitate their preferential association with cholesterol. In this backdrop, cholesterol interaction motifs represent putative interaction sites on GPCRs that could facilitate cholesterol-sensitive function of these receptors. In this review, we provide an overview of cholesterol interaction motifs found in GPCRs, which have been identified through a combination of crystallography, bioinformatics analysis, and functional studies. In addition, we will highlight, using specific examples, why mere presence of a cholesterol interaction motif at a given site may not directly implicate its role in interaction with membrane cholesterol. We therefore believe that experimental approaches, followed by functional analysis of cholesterol sensitivity of GPCRs, would provide a better understanding of the role played by these motifs in cholesterol-sensitive function. We envision that a comprehensive knowledge of cholesterol interaction sites in GPCRs would allow us to develop a better understanding of GPCR structure-function paradigm, and could be useful in future therapeutics. This article is categorized under: Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Macromolecular Interactions, Methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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21
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Pochini L, Pappacoda G, Galluccio M, Pastore F, Scalise M, Indiveri C. Effect of Cholesterol on the Organic Cation Transporter OCTN1 (SLC22A4). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031091. [PMID: 32041338 PMCID: PMC7037232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of cholesterol was investigated on the OCTN1 transport activity measured as [14C]-tetraethylamonium or [3H]-acetylcholine uptake in proteoliposomes reconstituted with native transporter extracted from HeLa cells or the human recombinant OCTN1 over-expressed in E. coli. Removal of cholesterol from the native transporter by MβCD before reconstitution led to impairment of transport activity. A similar activity impairment was observed after treatment of proteoliposomes harboring the recombinant (cholesterol-free) protein by MβCD, suggesting that the lipid mixture used for reconstitution contained some cholesterol. An enzymatic assay revealed the presence of 10 µg cholesterol/mg total lipids corresponding to 1% cholesterol in the phospholipid mixture used for the proteoliposome preparation. On the other way around, the activity of the recombinant OCTN1 was stimulated by adding the cholesterol analogue, CHS to the proteoliposome preparation. Optimal transport activity was detected in the presence of 83 µg CHS/ mg total lipids for both [14C]-tetraethylamonium or [3H]-acetylcholine uptake. Kinetic analysis of transport demonstrated that the stimulation of transport activity by CHS consisted in an increase of the Vmax of transport with no changes of the Km. Altogether, the data suggests a direct interaction of cholesterol with the protein. A further support to this interpretation was given by a docking analysis indicating the interaction of cholesterol with some protein sites corresponding to CARC-CRAC motifs. The observed direct interaction of cholesterol with OCTN1 points to a possible direct influence of cholesterol on tumor cells or on acetylcholine transport in neuronal and non-neuronal cells via OCTN1.
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22
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Augustyn B, Stepien P, Poojari C, Mobarak E, Polit A, Wisniewska-Becker A, Róg T. Cholesteryl Hemisuccinate Is Not a Good Replacement for Cholesterol in Lipid Nanodiscs. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9839-9845. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Stepien
- Bionanoscience and Biochemistry Laboratory, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Chetan Poojari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Theoretical Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Edouard Mobarak
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Scalise M, Pochini L, Cosco J, Aloe E, Mazza T, Console L, Esposito A, Indiveri C. Interaction of Cholesterol With the Human SLC1A5 (ASCT2): Insights Into Structure/Function Relationships. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:110. [PMID: 31709262 PMCID: PMC6819821 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human SLC1A5 commonly known as ASCT2 is a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid antiporter involved in transmembrane traffic of glutamine that is exchanged through the cell membrane with smaller amino acids such as serine or threonine. Due to the strong overexpression in human cancers, ASCT2 is widely studied for its relevance to human health. Of special interest are the aspects related to the regulation of its function. The role of cholesterol as a modulator of the transport activity has been studied using a combined strategy of computational and experimental approaches. The effect of cholesterol on theNa ex + -[3H]glutamineex/glutaminein antiport in proteoliposomes has been evaluated by adding cholesteryl hemisuccinate. A strong stimulation of transport activity was observed in the presence of 75 μg cholesteryl hemisuccinate per mg total lipids. The presence of cholesterol did not influence the proteoliposome volume, in a wide range of tested concentration, excluding that the stimulation could be due to effects on the vesicles. cholesteryl hemisuccinate, indeed, improved the incorporation of the protein into the phospholipid bilayer to some extent and increased about three times the Vmax of transport without affecting the Km for glutamine. Docking of cholesterol into the hASCT2 trimer was performed. Six poses were obtained some of which overlapped the hypothetical cholesterol molecules observed in the available 3D structures. Additional poses were docked close to CARC/CRAC motifs (Cholesterol Recognition/interaction Amino acid Consensus sequence). To test the direct binding of cholesterol to the protein, a strategy based on the specific targeting of tryptophan and cysteine residues located in the neighborhood of cholesterol poses was employed. On the one hand, cholesterol binding was impaired by modification of tryptophan residues by the Koshland's reagent. On the other hand, the presence of cholesterol impaired the interaction of thiol reagents with the protein. Altogether, these results confirmed that cholesterol molecules interacted with the protein in correspondence of the poses predicted by the docking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cesare Indiveri
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
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24
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Steinkühler J, Sezgin E, Urbančič I, Eggeling C, Dimova R. Mechanical properties of plasma membrane vesicles correlate with lipid order, viscosity and cell density. Commun Biol 2019; 2:337. [PMID: 31531398 PMCID: PMC6744421 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of plasma membrane curvature and composition governs essential cellular processes. The material property of bending rigidity describes the energetic cost of membrane deformations and depends on the plasma membrane molecular composition. Because of compositional fluctuations and active processes, it is challenging to measure it in intact cells. Here, we study the plasma membrane using giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs), which largely preserve the plasma membrane lipidome and proteome. We show that the bending rigidity of plasma membranes under varied conditions is correlated to readout from environment-sensitive dyes, which are indicative of membrane order and microviscosity. This correlation holds across different cell lines, upon cholesterol depletion or enrichment of the plasma membrane, and variations in cell density. Thus, polarity- and viscosity-sensitive probes represent a promising indicator of membrane mechanical properties. Additionally, our results allow for identifying synthetic membranes with a few well defined lipids as optimal plasma membrane mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Steinkühler
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | - Iztok Urbančič
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, “Jožef Stefan” Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
- Institute of Applied Optics Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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25
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Poojari C, Wilkosz N, Lira RB, Dimova R, Jurkiewicz P, Petka R, Kepczynski M, Róg T. Behavior of the DPH fluorescence probe in membranes perturbed by drugs. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 223:104784. [PMID: 31199906 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) is one of the most commonly used fluorescent probes to study dynamical and structural properties of lipid bilayers and cellular membranes via measuring steady-state or time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy. In this study, we present a limitation in the use of DPH to predict the order of lipid acyl chains when the lipid bilayer is doped with itraconazole (ITZ), an antifungal drug. Our steady-state fluorescence anisotropy measurements showed a significant decrease in fluorescence anisotropy of DPH embedded in the ITZ-containing membrane, suggesting a substantial increase in membrane fluidity, which indirectly indicates a decrease in the order of the hydrocarbon chains. This result or its interpretation is in disagreement with the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation data. The results of these experiments and calculations indicate an increase in the hydrocarbon chain order. The MD simulations of the bilayer containing both ITZ and DPH provide explanations for these observations. Apparently, in the presence of the drug, the DPH molecules are pushed deeper into the hydrophobic membrane core below the lipid double bonds, and the probe predominately adopts the orientation of the ITZ molecules that is parallel to the membrane surface, instead of orienting parallel to the lipid acyl chains. For this reason, DPH anisotropy provides information related to the less ordered central region of the membrane rather than reporting the properties of the upper segments of the lipid acyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Poojari
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Natalia Wilkosz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafael B Lira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry AS CR, v.v.i, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Petka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kepczynski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Kwan TOC, Reis R, Siligardi G, Hussain R, Cheruvara H, Moraes I. Selection of Biophysical Methods for Characterisation of Membrane Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2605. [PMID: 31137900 PMCID: PMC6566885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, there have been many developments and advances in the field of integral membrane protein research. As important pharmaceutical targets, it is paramount to understand the mechanisms of action that govern their structure-function relationships. However, the study of integral membrane proteins is still incredibly challenging, mostly due to their low expression and instability once extracted from the native biological membrane. Nevertheless, milligrams of pure, stable, and functional protein are always required for biochemical and structural studies. Many modern biophysical tools are available today that provide critical information regarding to the characterisation and behaviour of integral membrane proteins in solution. These biophysical approaches play an important role in both basic research and in early-stage drug discovery processes. In this review, it is not our objective to present a comprehensive list of all existing biophysical methods, but a selection of the most useful and easily applied to basic integral membrane protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan O C Kwan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK.
| | - Rosana Reis
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK.
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Rohanah Hussain
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Harish Cheruvara
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK.
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Isabel Moraes
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK.
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27
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Enkavi G, Javanainen M, Kulig W, Róg T, Vattulainen I. Multiscale Simulations of Biological Membranes: The Challenge To Understand Biological Phenomena in a Living Substance. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5607-5774. [PMID: 30859819 PMCID: PMC6727218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex in terms of molecular composition and structure, functional over a wide range of time scales, and characterized by nonequilibrium conditions. Because of all of these features, simulations are a great technique to study biomembrane behavior. A significant part of the functional processes in biological membranes takes place at the molecular level; thus computer simulations are the method of choice to explore how their properties emerge from specific molecular features and how the interplay among the numerous molecules gives rise to function over spatial and time scales larger than the molecular ones. In this review, we focus on this broad theme. We discuss the current state-of-the-art of biomembrane simulations that, until now, have largely focused on a rather narrow picture of the complexity of the membranes. Given this, we also discuss the challenges that we should unravel in the foreseeable future. Numerous features such as the actin-cytoskeleton network, the glycocalyx network, and nonequilibrium transport under ATP-driven conditions have so far received very little attention; however, the potential of simulations to solve them would be exceptionally high. A major milestone for this research would be that one day we could say that computer simulations genuinely research biological membranes, not just lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giray Enkavi
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences, Flemingovo naḿesti 542/2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
- Computational
Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Computational
Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Computational
Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- MEMPHYS-Center
for Biomembrane Physics
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28
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Luo L, Chen Q, Gong H, Liu L, Zhou L, He H, Zhang Y, Yin T, Tang X. Capacity of cholesteryl hemisuccinate in ion pair/phospholipid complex to improve drug-loading, stability and antibacterial activity of clarithromycin intravenous lipid microsphere. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:262-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Ren T, Lin X, Zhang Q, You D, Liu X, Tao X, Gou J, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Tang X. Encapsulation of Azithromycin Ion Pair in Liposome for Enhancing Ocular Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy on Dry Eye. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4862-4871. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Slenders E, Seneca S, Pramanik SK, Smisdom N, Adriaensens P, vandeVen M, Ethirajan A, Ameloot M. Dynamics of the phospholipid shell of microbubbles: a fluorescence photoselection and spectral phasor approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4854-4857. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lipid organization of microbubbles is important in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Slenders
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED)
- Hasselt University
- Agoralaan Bldg. C
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Senne Seneca
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Hasselt University
- Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan Bldg. D
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Hasselt University
- Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan Bldg. D
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Nick Smisdom
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED)
- Hasselt University
- Agoralaan Bldg. C
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Hasselt University
- Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan Bldg. D
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Martin vandeVen
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED)
- Hasselt University
- Agoralaan Bldg. C
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Anitha Ethirajan
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Hasselt University
- Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan Bldg. D
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED)
- Hasselt University
- Agoralaan Bldg. C
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
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31
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Rideau E, Dimova R, Schwille P, Wurm FR, Landfester K. Liposomes and polymersomes: a comparative review towards cell mimicking. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8572-8610. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00162f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Minimal cells: we compare and contrast liposomes and polymersomes for a bettera priorichoice and design of vesicles and try to understand the advantages and shortcomings associated with using one or the other in many different aspects (properties, synthesis, self-assembly, applications).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Rideau
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces
- Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry
- 82152 Martinsried
- Germany
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32
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Piggot TJ, Allison JR, Sessions RB, Essex JW. On the Calculation of Acyl Chain Order Parameters from Lipid Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:5683-5696. [PMID: 28876925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For molecular dynamics simulations of biological membrane systems to live up to the potential of providing accurate atomic level detail into membrane properties and functions, it is essential that the force fields used to model such systems are as accurate as possible. One membrane property that is often used to assess force field accuracy is the carbon-hydrogen (or carbon-deuterium) order parameters of the lipid tails, which can be accurately measured using experimental NMR techniques. There are a variety of analysis tools available to calculate these order parameters from simulations and it is essential that these computational tools work correctly to ensure the accurate assessment of the simulation force fields. In this work we compare many of these computational tools for calculating the order parameters of POPC membranes. While tools that work on all-atom systems and tools that work on saturated lipid tails in general work extremely well, we demonstrate that the majority of the tested tools that calculate the order parameters for unsaturated united-atom lipid tails do so incorrectly. We identify tools that do perform accurate calculations and include one such program with this work, enabling rapid and accurate calculation of united-atom lipid order parameters. Furthermore, we discuss cases in which it is nontrivial to appropriately predict the unsaturated carbon order parameters in united-atom systems. Finally, we examine order parameter splitting for carbon 2 in sn-2 lipid chains, demonstrating substantial deviations from experimental values in several all-atom and united-atom lipid force fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Piggot
- Chemical, Biological and Radiological Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory , Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, U.K.,Chemistry, University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Jane R Allison
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University , Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Richard B Sessions
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol , University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
| | - Jonathan W Essex
- Chemistry, University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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33
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Xu H, Zhang L, Li L, Liu Y, Chao Y, Liu X, Jin Z, Chen Y, Tang X, He H, Kan Q, Cai C. Membrane-Loaded Doxorubicin Liposomes Based on Ion-Pairing Technology with High Drug Loading and pH-Responsive Property. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2120-2130. [PMID: 28028795 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve high drug loading and high entrapment efficiency, a doxorubicin-cholesteryl hemisuccinate ion-pair complex (DCHIP) was formed, and the ion-pair complex liposomes (DCHIP-Lip) were prepared based on conventional thin-film dispersion method. Firstly, DCHIP was fabricated and confirmed with FTIR, 1H-NMR, DSC, and XRD techniques. Afterwards, DCHIP-Lip were prepared and evaluated in terms of particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading content. Finally, the in vitro and in vivo behavior of liposomes was further investigated. The DCHIP-Lip had a nanoscale particle size of about 120 nm with a negative zeta potential of about -22 mV. In addition, the entrapment efficiency and drug loading content of DOX reached 6.4 ± 0.05 and 99.29 ± 0.3%, respectively. Importantly, the release of DCHIP-Lip was pH sensitive and increased cell toxicity against MCF-7 cells was achieved. Upon dilution, the liposomes were fairly stable under physiological conditions. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study indicated that the AUC of DOX in DCHIP-Lip was 11.48-fold higher than that of DOX-HCl solution and the in vivo antitumor activity of DCHIP-Lip showed less body weight loss and a significant prohibition effect of tumor growth. Based on these findings, it can be seen that the ion-pairing technology combined with conventional liposome drug loading method could be used to achieve high drug loading and it could be valuable for the study of liposomal delivery system.
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34
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Sharma N, Baek K, Phan HTT, Shimokawa N, Takagi M. Glycosyl chains and 25-hydroxycholesterol contribute to the intracellular transport of amyloid beta (Aβ-42) in Jurkat T cells. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:865-876. [PMID: 28593141 PMCID: PMC5458452 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a peptide responsible for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Misfolding and accumulation of endogenous Aβ can lead to neural cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Added exogenous Aβ can also result in ER stress, leading to neurotoxicity and apoptosis, which is identical to that caused by the endogenous peptide. We have speculated that the endocytic transport of Aβ causes ER stress and have previously shown that the oxysterol, in particular, 7-ketocholesterol (7-keto) induces more surface interaction between Aβ-42 and Jurkat cells than cholesterol. However, the interaction was not enough to induce intracellular transfer of the peptide. In this study, we investigated the effect of another oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH) on the membrane raft-dependent transport of Aβ-42 in Jurkat cells. Interestingly, intracellular transfer of Aβ-42 was observed in the presence of 25-OH only after the inclusion of cholera toxin B subunit (CT-B), a marker used to detect the raft domain. We speculated that 25-OH can induce intracellular movement of Aβ peptides. Furthermore, CT-B together with GM1 provided negative curvature, which resulted in the intracellular transport of Aβ-42. Notably, we used a protofibrillar species of Aβ-42 in this study. We have shown that the transport was microtubule-dependent since it could not be observed in depolymerized microtubules. These results demonstrate that oxysterols and glycosyl chains are important factors affecting intracellular transport. These compounds are also associated with aging and advanced glycation are risk factors for AD. Thus, this study should further understanding of the pathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) Ishikawa Japan
| | - KeangOK Baek
- School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) Ishikawa Japan
| | | | - Naofumi Shimokawa
- School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) Ishikawa Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) Ishikawa Japan
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35
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Amaro M, Reina F, Hof M, Eggeling C, Sezgin E. Laurdan and Di-4-ANEPPDHQ probe different properties of the membrane. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2017; 50:134004. [PMID: 29449744 PMCID: PMC5802044 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aa5dbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lipid packing is a crucial feature of cellular membranes. Quantitative analysis of membrane lipid packing can be achieved using polarity sensitive probes whose emission spectrum depends on the lipid packing. However, detailed insights into the exact mechanisms that cause the changes in the spectra are necessary to interpret experimental fluorescence emission data correctly. Here, we analysed frequently used polarity sensitive probes, Laurdan and di-4-ANEPPDHQ, to test whether the underlying physical mechanisms of their spectral changes are the same and, thus, whether they report on the same physico-chemical properties of the cell membrane. Steady-state spectra as well as time-resolved emission spectra of the probes in solvents and model membranes revealed that they probe different properties of the lipid membrane. Our findings are important for the application of these dyes in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Amaro
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the C.A.S, v.v.i., Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czechia
| | - Francesco Reina
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, OX39DS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Hof
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the C.A.S, v.v.i., Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czechia
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, OX39DS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, OX39DS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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36
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Amaro M, Filipe HAL, Prates Ramalho JP, Hof M, Loura LMS. Fluorescence of nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-labeled lipids in model membranes is connected not to lipid mobility but to probe location. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7042-54. [PMID: 26727975 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05238f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-labeled lipids are popular fluorescent membrane probes. However, the understanding of important aspects of the photophysics of NBD remains incomplete, including the observed shift in the emission spectrum of NBD-lipids to longer wavelengths following excitation at the red edge of the absorption spectrum (red-edge excitation shift or REES). REES of NBD-lipids in membrane environments has been previously interpreted as reflecting restricted mobility of solvent surrounding the fluorophore. However, this requires a large change in the dipole moment (Δμ) of NBD upon excitation. Previous calculations of the value of Δμ of NBD in the literature have been carried out using outdated semi-empirical methods, leading to conflicting values. Using up-to-date density functional theory methods, we recalculated the value of Δμ and verified that it is rather small (∼2 D). Fluorescence measurements confirmed that the value of REES is ∼16 nm for 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine-N-(NBD) (NBD-PS) in dioleoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. However, the observed shift is independent of both the temperature and the presence of cholesterol and is therefore insensitive to the mobility and hydration of the membrane. Moreover, red-edge excitation leads to an increased contribution of the decay component with a shorter lifetime, whereas time-resolved emission spectra of NBD-PS displayed an atypical blue shift following excitation. This excludes restrictions to solvent relaxation as the cause of the measured REES and TRES of NBD, pointing instead to the heterogeneous transverse location of probes as the origin of these effects. The latter hypothesis was confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, from which the calculated heterogeneity of the hydration and location of NBD correlated with the measured fluorescence lifetimes/REES. Globally, our combination of theoretical and experiment-based techniques has led to a considerably improved understanding of the photophysics of NBD and a reinterpretation of its REES in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Amaro
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Hugo A L Filipe
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Largo D. Dinis, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal. and Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Largo D. Dinis, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal and Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J P Prates Ramalho
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Química de Évora, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Martin Hof
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Luís M S Loura
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Largo D. Dinis, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal. and Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal and Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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37
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Manna M, Niemelä M, Tynkkynen J, Javanainen M, Kulig W, Müller DJ, Rog T, Vattulainen I. Mechanism of allosteric regulation of β 2-adrenergic receptor by cholesterol. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27897972 PMCID: PMC5182060 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that lipids can be allosteric regulators of membrane protein structure and activation. However, there are no data showing how exactly the regulation emerges from specific lipid-protein interactions. Here we show in atomistic detail how the human β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) - a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor - is modulated by cholesterol in an allosteric fashion. Extensive atomistic simulations show that cholesterol regulates β2AR by limiting its conformational variability. The mechanism of action is based on the binding of cholesterol at specific high-affinity sites located near the transmembrane helices 5-7 of the receptor. The alternative mechanism, where the β2AR conformation would be modulated by membrane-mediated interactions, plays only a minor role. Cholesterol analogues also bind to cholesterol binding sites and impede the structural flexibility of β2AR, however cholesterol generates the strongest effect. The results highlight the capacity of lipids to regulate the conformation of membrane receptors through specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutusi Manna
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Miia Niemelä
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joona Tynkkynen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Rog
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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38
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Kulig W, Cwiklik L, Jurkiewicz P, Rog T, Vattulainen I. Cholesterol oxidation products and their biological importance. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 199:144-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kepczynski M, Róg T. Functionalized lipids and surfactants for specific applications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2362-2379. [PMID: 26946243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic lipids and surfactants that do not exist in biological systems have been used for the last few decades in both basic and applied science. The most notable applications for synthetic lipids and surfactants are drug delivery, gene transfection, as reporting molecules, and as support for structural lipid biology. In this review, we describe the potential of the synergistic combination of computational and experimental methodologies to study the behavior of synthetic lipids and surfactants embedded in lipid membranes and liposomes. We focused on select cases in which molecular dynamics simulations were used to complement experimental studies aiming to understand the structure and properties of new compounds at the atomistic level. We also describe cases in which molecular dynamics simulations were used to design new synthetic lipids and surfactants, as well as emerging fields for the application of these compounds. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biosimulations edited by Ilpo Vattulainen and Tomasz Róg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kepczynski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland; Department of Physics, Helsinki University, P.O. Box 64, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Róg T, Pöyry S, Vattulainen I. Building Synthetic Sterols Computationally - Unlocking the Secrets of Evolution? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:121. [PMID: 26347865 PMCID: PMC4543873 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is vital in regulating the physical properties of animal cell membranes. While it remains unclear what renders cholesterol so unique, it is known that other sterols are less capable in modulating membrane properties, and there are membrane proteins whose function is dependent on cholesterol. Practical applications of cholesterol include its use in liposomes in drug delivery and cosmetics, cholesterol-based detergents in membrane protein crystallography, its fluorescent analogs in studies of cholesterol transport in cells and tissues, etc. Clearly, in spite of their difficult synthesis, producing the synthetic analogs of cholesterol is of great commercial and scientific interest. In this article, we discuss how synthetic sterols non-existent in nature can be used to elucidate the roles of cholesterol’s structural elements. To this end, we discuss recent atomistic molecular dynamics simulation studies that have predicted new synthetic sterols with properties comparable to those of cholesterol. We also discuss more recent experimental studies that have vindicated these predictions. The paper highlights the strength of computational simulations in making predictions for synthetic biology, thereby guiding experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , Tampere , Finland
| | - Sanja Pöyry
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , Tampere , Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , Tampere , Finland ; MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
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Kulig W, Olżyńska A, Jurkiewicz P, Kantola AM, Komulainen S, Manna M, Pourmousa M, Vazdar M, Cwiklik L, Rog T, Khelashvili G, Harries D, Telkki VV, Hof M, Vattulainen I, Jungwirth P. Cholesterol under oxidative stress-How lipid membranes sense oxidation as cholesterol is being replaced by oxysterols. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84:30-41. [PMID: 25795515 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of oxysterols in phospholipid membranes and their effects on membrane properties were investigated by means of dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, NMR, and extensive atomistic simulations. Two families of oxysterols were scrutinized-tail-oxidized sterols, which are mostly produced by enzymatic processes, and ring-oxidized sterols, formed mostly via reactions with free radicals. The former family of sterols was found to behave similar to cholesterol in terms of molecular orientation, roughly parallel to the bilayer normal, leading to increasing membrane stiffness and suppression of its membrane permeability. In contrast, ring-oxidized sterols behave quantitatively differently from cholesterol. They acquire tilted orientations and therefore disrupt the bilayer structure with potential implications for signaling and other biochemical processes in the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Kulig
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Agnieszka Olżyńska
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Dolejskova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Dolejskova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Anu M Kantola
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Komulainen
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Moutusi Manna
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mohsen Pourmousa
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mario Vazdar
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, POB 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Dolejskova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomasz Rog
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Daniel Harries
- Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ville-Veikko Telkki
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Dolejskova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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Robalo JR, Ramalho JPP, Huster D, Loura LMS. Influence of the sterol aliphatic side chain on membrane properties: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22736-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol provides best hydrophobic matching, induces maximal membrane ordering, and displays highest preference for saturated phospholipid acyl chains, among a homologous ser ies of sterols with side chains of varying lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R. Robalo
- Centro de Química de Évora and Departamento de Química
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Évora
- P-7000-671 Évora
- Portugal
| | - J. P. Prates Ramalho
- Centro de Química de Évora and Departamento de Química
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Évora
- P-7000-671 Évora
- Portugal
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics
- University of Leipzig
- D-04107 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Luís M. S. Loura
- Centro de Química de Coimbra
- P-3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Coimbra
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Róg T, Vattulainen I. Cholesterol, sphingolipids, and glycolipids: what do we know about their role in raft-like membranes? Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 184:82-104. [PMID: 25444976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids rafts are considered to be functional nanoscale membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, characteristic in particular of the external leaflet of cell membranes. Lipids, together with membrane-associated proteins, are therefore considered to form nanoscale units with potential specific functions. Although the understanding of the structure of rafts in living cells is quite limited, the possible functions of rafts are widely discussed in the literature, highlighting their importance in cellular functions. In this review, we discuss the understanding of rafts that has emerged based on recent atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation studies on the key lipid raft components, which include cholesterol, sphingolipids, glycolipids, and the proteins interacting with these classes of lipids. The simulation results are compared to experiments when possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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