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Kusumi A, Tsunoyama TA, Suzuki KGN, Fujiwara TK, Aladag A. Transient, nano-scale, liquid-like molecular assemblies coming of age. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 89:102394. [PMID: 38963953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the dynamic mechanisms underlying cellular signaling, communication, and adhesion via transient, nano-scale, liquid-like molecular assemblies on the plasma membrane (PM). Traditional views posit that stable, solid-like molecular complexes perform these functions. However, advanced imaging reveals that many signaling and scaffolding proteins only briefly reside in these molecular complexes and that micron-scale protein assemblies on the PM, including cell adhesion structures and synapses, are likely made of archipelagoes of nanoliquid protein islands. Borrowing the concept of liquid-liquid phase separation to form micron-scale biocondensates, we propose that these nano-scale oligomers and assemblies are enabled by multiple weak but specific molecular interactions often involving intrinsically disordered regions. The signals from individual nanoliquid signaling complexes would occur as pulses. Single-molecule imaging emerges as a crucial technique for characterizing these transient nanoliquid assemblies on the PM, suggesting a shift toward a model where the fluidity of interactions underpins signal regulation and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kusumi
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Taka A Tsunoyama
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takahiro K Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Amine Aladag
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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2
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Jaillais Y, Bayer E, Bergmann DC, Botella MA, Boutté Y, Bozkurt TO, Caillaud MC, Germain V, Grossmann G, Heilmann I, Hemsley PA, Kirchhelle C, Martinière A, Miao Y, Mongrand S, Müller S, Noack LC, Oda Y, Ott T, Pan X, Pleskot R, Potocky M, Robert S, Rodriguez CS, Simon-Plas F, Russinova E, Van Damme D, Van Norman JM, Weijers D, Yalovsky S, Yang Z, Zelazny E, Gronnier J. Guidelines for naming and studying plasma membrane domains in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:1172-1183. [PMID: 39134664 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Biological membranes play a crucial role in actively hosting, modulating and coordinating a wide range of molecular events essential for cellular function. Membranes are organized into diverse domains giving rise to dynamic molecular patchworks. However, the very definition of membrane domains has been the subject of continuous debate. For example, in the plant field, membrane domains are often referred to as nanodomains, nanoclusters, microdomains, lipid rafts, membrane rafts, signalling platforms, foci or liquid-ordered membranes without any clear rationale. In the context of plant-microbe interactions, microdomains have sometimes been used to refer to the large area at the plant-microbe interface. Some of these terms have partially overlapping meanings at best, but they are often used interchangeably in the literature. This situation generates much confusion and limits conceptual progress. There is thus an urgent need for us as a scientific community to resolve these semantic and conceptual controversies by defining an unambiguous nomenclature of membrane domains. In this Review, experts in the field get together to provide explicit definitions of plasma membrane domains in plant systems and experimental guidelines for their study. We propose that plasma membrane domains should not be considered on the basis of their size alone but rather according to the biological system being considered, such as the local membrane environment or the entire cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Bayer
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Dominique C Bergmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortifruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Marie-Cecile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, CEPLAS Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Piers A Hemsley
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
| | - Charlotte Kirchhelle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Martinière
- IPSiM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sabine Müller
- Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lise C Noack
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Thomas Ott
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Potocky
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clara Sanchez Rodriguez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | | | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jaimie M Van Norman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shaul Yalovsky
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Enric Zelazny
- IPSiM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Gronnier
- NanoSignaling Lab, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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3
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Mori T, Niki T, Uchida Y, Mukai K, Kuchitsu Y, Kishimoto T, Sakai S, Makino A, Kobayashi T, Arai H, Yokota Y, Taguchi T, Suzuki KGN. A non-toxic equinatoxin-II reveals the dynamics and distribution of sphingomyelin in the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16872. [PMID: 39043900 PMCID: PMC11266560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) is a major sphingolipid in mammalian cells. SM is enriched in the extracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM). Besides this localization, recent electron microscopic and biochemical studies suggest the presence of SM in the cytosolic leaflet of the PM. In the present study, we generated a non-toxic SM-binding variant (NT-EqtII) based on equinatoxin-II (EqtII) from the sea anemone Actinia equina, and examined the dynamics of SM in the cytosolic leaflet of living cell PMs. NT-EqtII with two point mutations (Leu26Ala and Pro81Ala) had essentially the same specificity and affinity to SM as wild-type EqtII. NT-EqtII expressed in the cytosol was recruited to the PM in various cell lines. Super-resolution microscopic observation revealed that NT-EqtII formed tiny domains that were significantly colocalized with cholesterol and N-terminal Lyn. Meanwhile, single molecule observation at high resolutions down to 1 ms revealed that all the examined lipid probes including NT-EqtII underwent apparent fast simple Brownian diffusion, exhibiting that SM and other lipids in the cytosolic leaflet rapidly moved in and out of domains. Thus, the novel SM-binding probe demonstrated the presence of the raft-like domain in the cytosolic leaflet of living cell PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Mori
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Niki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Uchida
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kojiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kuchitsu
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuma Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shota Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Makino
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Yokota
- Department of EECE, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taguchi
- Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
- Division of Advanced Bioimaging, National Cancer Center Research Institute (NCCRI), Tokyo, Japan.
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Hagiyama M, Yoneshige A, Wada A, Kimura R, Ito S, Inoue T, Takeuchi F, Ito A. Efficient intracellular drug delivery by co-administration of two antibodies against cell adhesion molecule 1. J Control Release 2024; 371:603-618. [PMID: 38782061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), a single-pass transmembrane protein, is involved in oncogenesis. We previously demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CADM1 ectodomain monoclonal antibodies against mesothelioma; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we explored the molecular behavior of anti-CADM1 antibodies in CADM1-expressing tumor cells. Sequencing analyses revealed that the anti-CADM1 chicken monoclonal antibodies 3E1 and 9D2 are IgY and IgM isotype antibodies, respectively. Co-administration of 3E1 and 9D2 altered the subcellular distribution of CADM1 from the detergent-soluble fraction to the detergent-resistant fraction in tumor cells. Using recombinant chicken-mouse chimeric antibodies that had been isotype-switched from IgG to IgM, we demonstrated that the combination of the variable region of 3E1 and the constant region of IgM was required for CADM1 relocation. Cytochemical studies showed that 3E1 colocalized with late endosomes/lysosomes after co-administration with 9D2, suggesting that the CADM1-antibody complex is internalized from the cell surface to intracellular compartments by lipid-raft mediated endocytosis. Finally, 3E1 was conjugated with the antimitotic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a cathepsin-cleavable linker. Co-administration of 3E1-monomethyl auristatin E and 9D2 suppressed the growth of multiple types of tumor cells, and this anti-tumor activity was confirmed in a syngeneic mouse model of melanoma. 3E1 and 9D2 are promising drug delivery vehicles for CADM1-expressing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hagiyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Azusa Yoneshige
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Wada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuka Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.
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Terao J. Caveolae and caveolin-1 as targets of dietary polyphenols for protection against vascular endothelial dysfunction. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 75:7-16. [PMID: 39070533 PMCID: PMC11273273 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.24-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Caveolae, consisting of caveolin-1 proteins, are ubiquitously present in endothelial cells and contribute to normal cardiovascular functions by acting as a platform for cellular signaling pathways as well as transcytosis and endocytosis. However, caveolin-1 is thought to have a proatherogenic role by inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and Nrf2 activation, or by promoting inflammation through NF-κB activation. Dietary polyphenols were suggested to exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by a mechanism involving the inhibition of endothelial dysfunction, by which they can regulate redox-sensitive signaling pathways in relation to NF-κB and Nrf2 activation. Some monomeric polyphenols and microbiota-derived catabolites from monomeric polyphenols or polymeric tannins might be responsible for the inhibition, because they can be transferred into the circulation from the digestive tract. Several polyphenols were reported to modulate caveolin-1 expression or its localization in caveolae. Therefore, we hypothesized that circulating polyphenols affect caveolae functions by altering its structure leading to the release of caveolin-1 from caveolae, and attenuating redox-sensitive signaling pathway-dependent caveolin-1 overexpression. Further studies using circulating polyphenols at a physiologically relevant level are necessary to clarify the mechanism of action of dietary polyphenols targeting caveolae and caveolin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Terao
- Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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6
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Murai T. Transmembrane signaling through single-spanning receptors modulated by phase separation at the cell surface. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151413. [PMID: 38631097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of transmembrane signals are transduced by cell-surface receptors that activate intracellular signaling molecules. In particular, receptor clustering in the plasma membrane plays a critical role in these processes. Single-spanning or single-pass transmembrane proteins are among the most significant types of membrane receptors, which include adhesion receptors, such as integrins, CD44, cadherins, and receptor tyrosine kinases. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the activity of these receptors is of great significance. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a recently emerging paradigm in cellular physiology for the ubiquitous regulation of the spatiotemporal dynamics of various signaling pathways. This study describes the emerging features of transmembrane signaling through single-spanning receptors from the perspective of phase separation. Possible physicochemical modulations of LLPS-based transmembrane signaling are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Murai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Kervin TA, Overduin M. Membranes are functionalized by a proteolipid code. BMC Biol 2024; 22:46. [PMID: 38414038 PMCID: PMC10898092 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Membranes are protein and lipid structures that surround cells and other biological compartments. We present a conceptual model wherein all membranes are organized into structural and functional zones. The assembly of zones such as receptor clusters, protein-coated pits, lamellipodia, cell junctions, and membrane fusion sites is explained to occur through a protein-lipid code. This challenges the theory that lipids sort proteins after forming stable membrane subregions independently of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy A Kervin
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Sublette ME, Daray FM, Ganança L, Shaikh SR. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the neurobiology of major depressive disorder and suicide risk. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:269-286. [PMID: 37993501 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are obtained from diet or derived from essential shorter-chain fatty acids, and are crucial for brain development and functioning. Fundamentally, LC-PUFAs' neurobiological effects derive from their physicochemical characteristics, including length and double bond configuration, which differentiate LC-PUFA species and give rise to functional differences between n(omega)-3 and n-6 LC-PUFAs. LC-PUFA imbalances are implicated in psychiatric disorders, including major depression and suicide risk. Dietary intake and genetic variants in enzymes involved in biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs from shorter chain fatty acids influence LC-PUFA status. Domains impacted by LC-PUFAs include 1) cell signaling, 2) inflammation, and 3) bioenergetics. 1) As major constituents of lipid bilayers, LC-PUFAs are determinants of cell membrane properties of viscosity and order, affecting lipid rafts, which play a role in regulation of membrane-bound proteins involved in cell-cell signaling, including monoaminergic receptors and transporters. 2) The n-3:n-6 LC-PUFA balance profoundly influences inflammation. Generally, metabolic products of n-6 LC-PUFAs (eicosanoids) are pro-inflammatory, while those of n-3 LC-PUFAs (docosanoids) participate in the resolution of inflammation. Additionally, n-3 LC-PUFAs suppress microglial activation and the ensuing proinflammatory cascade. 3) N-3 LC-PUFAs in the inner mitochondrial membrane affect oxidative stress, suppressing production of and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), with neuroprotective benefits. Until now, this wealth of knowledge about LC-PUFA biomechanisms has not been adequately tapped to develop translational studies of LC-PUFA clinical effects in humans. Future studies integrating neurobiological mechanisms with clinical outcomes may suggest ways to identify depressed individuals most likely to respond to n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation, and mechanistic research may generate new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Federico Manuel Daray
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Licínia Ganança
- Clínica Universitária de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Nutritional Obesity Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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9
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Mlinac-Jerkovic K, Kalanj-Bognar S, Heffer M, Blažetić S. Methodological Pitfalls of Investigating Lipid Rafts in the Brain: What Are We Still Missing? Biomolecules 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38397393 PMCID: PMC10886647 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to succinctly examine the methodologies used in lipid raft research in the brain and to highlight the drawbacks of some investigative approaches. Lipid rafts are biochemically and biophysically different from the bulk membrane. A specific lipid environment within membrane domains provides a harbor for distinct raftophilic proteins, all of which in concert create a specialized platform orchestrating various cellular processes. Studying lipid rafts has proved to be arduous due to their elusive nature, mobility, and constant dynamic reorganization to meet the cellular needs. Studying neuronal lipid rafts is particularly cumbersome due to the immensely complex regional molecular architecture of the central nervous system. Biochemical fractionation, performed with or without detergents, is still the most widely used method to isolate lipid rafts. However, the differences in solubilization when various detergents are used has exposed a dire need to find more reliable methods to study particular rafts. Biochemical methods need to be complemented with other approaches such as live-cell microscopy, imaging mass spectrometry, and the development of specific non-invasive fluorescent probes to obtain a more complete image of raft dynamics and to study the spatio-temporal expression of rafts in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija Heffer
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Senka Blažetić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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10
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Komatsuya K, Ishikawa M, Kikuchi N, Hirabayashi T, Taguchi R, Yamamoto N, Arai M, Kasahara K. Integrin-Dependent Transient Density Increase in Detergent-Resistant Membrane Rafts in Platelets Activated by Thrombin. Biomedicines 2023; 12:69. [PMID: 38255176 PMCID: PMC10813660 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet lipid rafts are critical membrane domains for adhesion, aggregation, and clot retraction. Lipid rafts are isolated as a detergent-resistant membrane fraction via sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The platelet detergent-resistant membrane shifted to a higher density on the sucrose density gradient upon thrombin stimulation. The shift peaked at 1 min and returned to the control level at 60 min. During this time, platelets underwent clot retraction and spreading on a fibronectin-coated glass strip. Thrombin induced the transient tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins in the detergent-resistant membrane raft fraction and the transient translocation of fibrin and myosin to the detergent-resistant membrane raft fraction. The level of phosphatidylserine (36:1) was increased and the level of phosphatidylserine (38:4) was decreased in the detergent-resistant membrane raft fraction via the thrombin stimulation. Furthermore, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia integrin αIIbβ3-deficient platelets underwent no detergent-resistant membrane shift to a higher density upon thrombin stimulation. As the phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain on Ser19 was at a high level in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia resting platelets, thrombin caused no further phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain on Ser19 or clot retraction. These observations suggest that the fibrin-integrin αIIbβ3-myosin axis and compositional change of phosphatidylserine species may be required for the platelet detergent-resistant membrane shift to a higher density upon stimulation with thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Komatsuya
- Biomembrane Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.K.); (N.K.); (T.H.); (N.Y.)
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Omics Research, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan;
| | - Norihito Kikuchi
- Biomembrane Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.K.); (N.K.); (T.H.); (N.Y.)
| | - Tetsuya Hirabayashi
- Biomembrane Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.K.); (N.K.); (T.H.); (N.Y.)
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- Department of Metabolome, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naomasa Yamamoto
- Biomembrane Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.K.); (N.K.); (T.H.); (N.Y.)
| | - Morio Arai
- Biomembrane Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.K.); (N.K.); (T.H.); (N.Y.)
- Sado General Hospital, Niigata 952-1209, Japan
| | - Kohji Kasahara
- Biomembrane Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (K.K.); (N.K.); (T.H.); (N.Y.)
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11
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Clarke RJ. Electrostatic switch mechanisms of membrane protein trafficking and regulation. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1967-1985. [PMID: 38192346 PMCID: PMC10771482 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-protein interactions are normally classified as either specific or general. Specific interactions refer to lipid binding to specific binding sites within a membrane protein, thereby modulating the protein's thermal stability or kinetics. General interactions refer to indirect effects whereby lipids affect membrane proteins by modulating the membrane's physical properties, e.g., its fluidity, thickness, or dipole potential. It is not widely recognized that there is a third distinct type of lipid-protein interaction. Intrinsically disordered N- or C-termini of membrane proteins can interact directly but nonspecifically with the surrounding membrane. Many peripheral membrane proteins are held to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane via a cooperative combination of two forces: hydrophobic anchoring and electrostatic attraction. An acyl chain, e.g., myristoyl, added post-translationally to one of the protein's termini inserts itself into the lipid matrix and helps hold peripheral membrane proteins onto the membrane. Electrostatic attraction occurs between positively charged basic amino acid residues (lysine and arginine) on one of the protein's terminal tails and negatively charged phospholipid head groups, such as phosphatidylserine. Phosphorylation of either serine or tyrosine residues on the terminal tails via regulatory protein kinases allows for an electrostatic switch mechanism to control trafficking of the protein. Kinase action reduces the positive charge on the protein's tail, weakening the electrostatic attraction and releasing the protein from the membrane. A similar mechanism regulates many integral membrane proteins, but here only electrostatic interactions are involved, and the electrostatic switch modulates protein activity by altering the stabilities of different protein conformational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J. Clarke
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
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12
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Lukeš J, Speijer D, Zíková A, Alfonzo JD, Hashimi H, Field MC. Trypanosomes as a magnifying glass for cell and molecular biology. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:902-912. [PMID: 37679284 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei, has developed into a flexible and robust experimental model for molecular and cellular parasitology, allowing us to better combat these and related parasites that cause worldwide suffering. Diminishing case numbers, due to efficient public health efforts, and recent development of new drug treatments have reduced the need for continued study of T. brucei in a disease context. However, we argue that this pathogen has been instrumental in revolutionary discoveries that have widely informed molecular and cellular biology and justifies continuing research as an experimental model. Ongoing work continues to contribute towards greater understanding of both diversified and conserved biological features. We discuss multiple examples where trypanosomes pushed the boundaries of cell biology and hope to inspire researchers to continue exploring these remarkable protists as tools for magnifying the inner workings of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.
| | - Dave Speijer
- Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Juan D Alfonzo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hassan Hashimi
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Mark C Field
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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13
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Honda A, Nozumi M, Ito Y, Natsume R, Kawasaki A, Nakatsu F, Abe M, Uchino H, Matsushita N, Ikeda K, Arita M, Sakimura K, Igarashi M. Very-long-chain fatty acids are crucial to neuronal polarity by providing sphingolipids to lipid rafts. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113195. [PMID: 37816355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids have long been considered essential to brain development; however, the involvement of their synthesis in nervous system formation is unclear. We generate mice with knockout of GPSN2, an enzyme for synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and investigate the effects. Both GPSN2-/- and GPSN2+/- mice show abnormal neuronal networks as a result of impaired neuronal polarity determination. Lipidomics of GPSN2-/- embryos reveal that ceramide synthesis is specifically inhibited depending on FA length; namely, VLCFA-containing ceramide is reduced. We demonstrate that lipid rafts are highly enriched in growth cones and that GPSN2+/- neurons lose gangliosides in their membranes. Application of C24:0 ceramide, but not C16:0 ceramide or C24:0 phosphatidylcholine, to GPSN2+/- neurons rescues both neuronal polarity determination and lipid-raft density in the growth cone. Taken together, our results indicate that VLCFA synthesis contributes to physiological neuronal development in brain network formation, in particular neuronal polarity determination through the formation of lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Honda
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Center for Research Promotion, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nozumi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ito
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Asami Kawasaki
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Fubito Nakatsu
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Haruki Uchino
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Natsuki Matsushita
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
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14
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Mayor S, Bhat A, Kusumi A. A Survey of Models of Cell Membranes: Toward a New Understanding of Membrane Organization. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041394. [PMID: 37643877 PMCID: PMC10547391 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The cell membrane, the boundary that separates living cells from their environment, has been the subject of study for over a century. The fluid-mosaic model of Singer and Nicolson in 1972 proposed the plasma membrane as a two-dimensional fluid composed of lipids and proteins. Fifty years hence, advances in biophysical and biochemical tools, particularly optical imaging techniques, have allowed for a better understanding of the physical nature, organization, and composition of cell membranes. This has been made possible by visualizing membrane heterogeneities and their dynamics and appreciating the asymmetrical arrangement of lipids in living cell membranes. Despite these advances, mechanisms underlying the local spatiotemporal organization of membrane components remain unclear. This review surveys various models of membrane organization, culminating in a new model that incorporates nonequilibrium processes and forces exerted by interactions with extramembrane elements such as the actin cytoskeleton. The proposed model provides a comprehensive understanding of membrane organization, taking into account the dynamic nature of the cell membrane and its interactions with its immediate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Science, TIFR, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Abrar Bhat
- National Centre for Biological Science, TIFR, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Akihiro Kusumi
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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15
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Marques-da-Silva D, Lagoa R. Rafting on the Evidence for Lipid Raft-like Domains as Hubs Triggering Environmental Toxicants' Cellular Effects. Molecules 2023; 28:6598. [PMID: 37764374 PMCID: PMC10536579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane lipid rafts are cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains that allow regularly distributed, sub-micro-sized structures englobing proteins to compartmentalize cellular processes. These membrane domains can be highly heterogeneous and dynamic, functioning as signal transduction platforms that amplify the local concentrations and signaling of individual components. Moreover, they participate in cell signaling routes that are known to be important targets of environmental toxicants affecting cell redox status and calcium homeostasis, immune regulation, and hormonal functions. In this work, the evidence that plasma membrane raft-like domains operate as hubs for toxicants' cellular actions is discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided. Several studies address the insertion of pesticides and other organic pollutants into membranes, their accumulation in lipid rafts, or lipid rafts' disruption by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and even metals/metalloids. In hepatocytes, macrophages, or neurons, B[a]P, airborne particulate matter, and other toxicants caused rafts' protein and lipid remodeling, oxidative changes, or amyloidogenesis. Different studies investigated the role of the invaginated lipid rafts present in endothelial cells in mediating the vascular inflammatory effects of PCBs. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo data strongly implicate raft-localized NADPH oxidases, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, caveolin-1, and protein kinases in the toxic mechanisms of occupational and environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- LSRE—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering and LCM—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal;
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- LSRE—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering and LCM—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal;
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
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16
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Liu J, Arora N, Zhou Y. RAS GTPases and Interleaflet Coupling in the Plasma Membrane. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041414. [PMID: 37463719 PMCID: PMC10513163 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
RAS genes are frequently mutated in cancer. The primary signaling compartment of wild-type and constitutively active oncogenic mutant RAS proteins is the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM). Thus, a better understanding of the unique environment of the PM inner leaflet is important to shed further light on RAS function. Over the past few decades, an integrated approach of superresolution imaging, molecular dynamic simulations, and biophysical assays has yielded new insights into the capacity of RAS proteins to sort lipids with specific headgroups and acyl chains, to assemble signaling nanoclusters on the inner PM. RAS proteins also sense and respond to changes in components of the outer PM leaflet, including glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, sphingophospholipids, glycosphingolipids, and galectins, as well as cholesterol that translocates between the two leaflets. Such communication between the inner and outer leaflets of the PM, called interleaflet coupling, allows RAS to potentially integrate extracellular mechanical and electrostatic information with intracellular biochemical signaling events, and reciprocally allows mutant RAS-transformed tumor cells to modify tumor microenvironments. Here, we review RAS-lipid interactions and speculate on potential mechanisms that allow communication between the opposing leaflets of the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Neha Arora
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center and University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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17
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Gutay-Tóth Z, Gellen G, Doan M, Eliason JF, Vincze J, Szente L, Fenyvesi F, Goda K, Vecsernyés M, Szabó G, Bacso Z. Cholesterol-Depletion-Induced Membrane Repair Carries a Raft Conformer of P-Glycoprotein to the Cell Surface, Indicating Enhanced Cholesterol Trafficking in MDR Cells, Which Makes Them Resistant to Cholesterol Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12335. [PMID: 37569709 PMCID: PMC10419235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a transporter responsible for multidrug resistance, is present in the plasma membrane's raft and non-raft domains. One specific conformation of P-gp that binds to the monoclonal antibody UIC2 is primarily associated with raft domains and displays heightened internalization in cells overexpressing P-gp, such as in NIH-3T3 MDR1 cells. Our primary objective was to investigate whether the trafficking of this particular P-gp conformer is dependent on cholesterol levels. Surprisingly, depleting cholesterol using cyclodextrin resulted in an unexpected increase in the proportion of raft-associated P-gp within the cell membrane, as determined by UIC2-reactive P-gp. This increase appears to be a compensatory response to cholesterol loss from the plasma membrane, whereby cholesterol-rich raft micro-domains are delivered to the cell surface through an augmented exocytosis process. Furthermore, this exocytotic event is found to be part of a complex trafficking mechanism involving lysosomal exocytosis, which contributes to membrane repair after cholesterol reduction induced by cyclodextrin treatment. Notably, cells overexpressing P-gp demonstrated higher total cellular cholesterol levels, an increased abundance of stable lysosomes, and more effective membrane repair following cholesterol modifications. These modifications encompassed exocytotic events that involved the transport of P-gp-carrying rafts. Importantly, the enhanced membrane repair capability resulted in a durable phenotype for MDR1 expressing cells, as evidenced by significantly improved viabilities of multidrug-resistant Pgp-overexpressing immortal NIH-3T3 MDR1 and MDCK-MDR1 cells compared to their parents when subjected to cholesterol alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Gutay-Tóth
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gellen
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Minh Doan
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
| | - James F. Eliason
- Great Lakes Stem Cell Innovation Center, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - János Vincze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., 1097 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Katalin Goda
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Zsolt Bacso
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.F.); (M.V.)
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18
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Whiting R, Stanton S, Kucheriava M, Smith AR, Pitts M, Robertson D, Kammer J, Li Z, Fologea D. Hypo-Osmotic Stress and Pore-Forming Toxins Adjust the Lipid Order in Sheep Red Blood Cell Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:620. [PMID: 37504986 PMCID: PMC10385129 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipid ordering in cell membranes has been increasingly recognized as an important factor in establishing and regulating a large variety of biological functions. Multiple investigations into lipid organization focused on assessing ordering from temperature-induced phase transitions, which are often well outside the physiological range. However, particular stresses elicited by environmental factors, such as hypo-osmotic stress or protein insertion into membranes, with respect to changes in lipid status and ordering at constant temperature are insufficiently described. To fill these gaps in our knowledge, we exploited the well-established ability of environmentally sensitive membrane probes to detect intramembrane changes at the molecular level. Our steady state fluorescence spectroscopy experiments focused on assessing changes in optical responses of Laurdan and diphenylhexatriene upon exposure of red blood cells to hypo-osmotic stress and pore-forming toxins at room temperature. We verified our utilized experimental systems by a direct comparison of the results with prior reports on artificial membranes and cholesterol-depleted membranes undergoing temperature changes. The significant changes observed in the lipid order after exposure to hypo-osmotic stress or pore-forming toxins resembled phase transitions of lipids in membranes, which we explained by considering the short-range interactions between membrane components and the hydrophobic mismatch between membrane thickness and inserted proteins. Our results suggest that measurements of optical responses from the membrane probes constitute an appropriate method for assessing the status of lipids and phase transitions in target membranes exposed to mechanical stresses or upon the insertion of transmembrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Whiting
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Sevio Stanton
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | | | - Aviana R Smith
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Matt Pitts
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Daniel Robertson
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Jacob Kammer
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine, Meridian, ID 83642, USA
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Daniel Fologea
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
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19
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Chen J, Yue K, Shen L, Zheng C, Zhu Y, Han K, Kai L. Aquaporins and CO 2 diffusion across biological membrane. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1205290. [PMID: 37383148 PMCID: PMC10293838 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1205290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the physiological significance of effective CO2 diffusion across biological membranes, the underlying mechanism behind this process is not yet resolved. Particularly debatable is the existence of CO2-permeable aquaporins. The lipophilic characteristic of CO2 should, according to Overton's rule, result in a rapid flux across lipid bilayers. However, experimental evidence of limited membrane permeability poses a challenge to this idea of free diffusion. In this review, we summarized recent progress with regard to CO2 diffusion, and discussed the physiological effects of altered aquaporin expression, the molecular mechanisms of CO2 transport via aquaporins, and the function of sterols and other membrane proteins in CO2 permeability. In addition, we highlight the existing limits in measuring CO2 permeability and end up with perspectives on resolving such argument either by determining the atomic resolution structure of CO2 permeable aquaporins or by developing new methods for measuring permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ke Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lulu Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chuncui Zheng
- Hangzhou Institute of Test and Calibration for Quality and Technology Supervision, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Han
- Jiangsu Keybio Co., Ltd, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Kai
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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20
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Abstract
The formation of membrane vesicles is a common feature in all eukaryotes. Lipid rafts are the best-studied example of membrane domains for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and their existence also is suggested in Archaea membranes. Lipid rafts are involved in the formation of transport vesicles, endocytic vesicles, exocytic vesicles, synaptic vesicles and extracellular vesicles, as well as enveloped viruses. Two mechanisms of how rafts are involved in vesicle formation have been proposed: first, that raft proteins and/or lipids located in lipid rafts associate with coat proteins that form a budding vesicle, and second, vesicle budding is triggered by enzymatic generation of cone-shaped ceramides and inverted cone-shaped lyso-phospholipids. In both cases, induction of curvature is also facilitated by the relaxation of tension in the raft domain. In this Review, we discuss the role of raft-derived vesicles in several intracellular trafficking pathways. We also highlight their role in different pathways of endocytosis, and in the formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) through budding inwards from the multivesicular body (MVB) membrane, because rafts inside MVB membranes are likely to be involved in loading RNA into ILVs. Finally, we discuss the association of glycoproteins with rafts via the glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sapoń
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał Mańka
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Teresa Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
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21
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Komatsuya K, Kikuchi N, Hirabayashi T, Kasahara K. The Regulatory Roles of Cerebellar Glycosphingolipid Microdomains/Lipid Rafts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065566. [PMID: 36982638 PMCID: PMC10058044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are dynamic assemblies of glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and specific proteins which are stabilized into platforms involved in the regulation of vital cellular processes. Cerebellar lipid rafts are cell surface ganglioside microdomains for the attachment of GPI-anchored neural adhesion molecules and downstream signaling molecules such as Src-family kinases and heterotrimeric G proteins. In this review, we summarize our recent findings on signaling in ganglioside GD3 rafts of cerebellar granule cells and several findings by other groups on the roles of lipid rafts in the cerebellum. TAG-1, of the contactin group of immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules, is a phosphacan receptor. Phosphacan regulates the radial migration signaling of cerebellar granule cells, via Src-family kinase Lyn, by binding to TAG-1 on ganglioside GD3 rafts. Chemokine SDF-1α, which induces the tangential migration of cerebellar granule cells, causes heterotrimeric G protein Goα translocation to GD3 rafts. Furthermore, the functional roles of cerebellar raft-binding proteins including cell adhesion molecule L1, heterotrimeric G protein Gsα, and L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels are discussed.
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Zhou Y, Hancock JF. RAS nanoclusters are cell surface transducers that convert extracellular stimuli to intracellular signalling. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:892-908. [PMID: 36595205 PMCID: PMC10919257 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of rat sarcoma virus (RAS) oncogenes (HRAS, KRAS and NRAS) can contribute to the development of cancers and genetic disorders (RASopathies). The spatiotemporal organization of RAS is an important property that warrants further investigation. In order to function, wild-type or oncogenic mutants of RAS must be localized to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM), which is driven by interactions between their C-terminal membrane-anchoring domains and PM lipids. The isoform-specific RAS-lipid interactions promote the formation of nanoclusters on the PM. As main sites for effector recruitment, these nanoclusters are biologically important. Since the spatial distribution of lipids is sensitive to changing environments, such as mechanical and electrical perturbations, RAS nanoclusters act as transducers to convert external stimuli to intracellular mitogenic signalling. As such, effective inhibition of RAS oncogenesis requires consideration of the complex interplay between RAS nanoclusters and various cell surface and extracellular stimuli. In this review, we discuss in detail how, by sorting specific lipids in the PM, RAS nanoclusters act as transducers to convert external stimuli into intracellular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and University of Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - John F Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and University of Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
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Oya S, Korogi K, Kohno T, Tsuiji H, Danylchuk DI, Klymchenko AS, Niko Y, Hattori M. The Plasma Membrane Polarity Is Higher in the Neuronal Growth Cone than in the Cell Body of Hippocampal and Cerebellar Granule Neurons. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1820-1825. [PMID: 38044101 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The polarity of the biological membrane, or lipid order, regulates many cellular events. It is generally believed that the plasma membrane polarity is regulated according to cell type and function, sometimes even within a cell. Neurons have a variety of functionally specialized subregions, each of which bears distinct proteins and lipids, and the membrane polarity of the subregions may differ accordingly. However, no direct experimental evidence of it has been presented to date. In the present study, we used a cell-impermeable solvatochromic membrane probe NR12A to investigate the local polarity of the plasma membrane of neurons. Both in hippocampal and cerebellar granule neurons, growth cones have higher membrane polarity than the cell body. In addition, the overall variation in the polarity value of each pixel was greater in the growth cone than in cell bodies, suggesting that the lateral diffusion and/or dynamics of the growth cone membrane are greater than other parts of the neuron. These tendencies were much less notably observed in the lamellipodia of a non-neuronal cell. Our results suggest that the membrane polarity of neuronal growth cones is unique and this characteristic may be important for its structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Oya
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Katsunari Korogi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Hitomi Tsuiji
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Dmytro I Danylchuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg
| | - Yosuke Niko
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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