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Zhang R, Liu J, Xue G, Yang J, Li D, Tian T, Zhang X, Gao K, Pan Z. Forced activation of dystrophin transcription by CRISPR/dCas9 reduced arrhythmia susceptibility via restoring membrane Nav1.5 distribution. Gene Ther 2023; 30:142-149. [PMID: 35644811 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin deficiency due to genetic mutations causes cardiac abnormalities in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin is also shown to be downregulated in conventional failing hearts. Whether restoration of dystrophin expression possesses any therapeutic potential for conventional heart failure (HF) remains to be examined. HF mouse model was generated by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). In vivo activation of dystrophin transcription was achieved by tail-vein injection of adeno-associated virus 9 carrying CRISPR/dCas system for dystrophin. We found that activation of dystrophin expression in TAC mice significantly reduced the susceptibility to arrhythmia of TAC mice and the mortality rate. We further demonstrated that over-expression of dystrophin increased cardiac conduction of hearts in TAC mice by optical mapping evaluation. Activation of dystrophin expression also increased peak sodium current in isolated ventricular myocytes from hearts of TAC mice as recorded by the patch-clamp technique. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence showed that increased dystrophin transcription restored the membrane distribution of Nav1.5 in the hearts of TAC mice. In summary, correction of dystrophin downregulation by the CRISPR-dCas9 system reduced the susceptibility to arrhythmia of conventional HF mice through restoring Nav1.5 membrane distribution. This study paved the way to develop a new therapeutic strategy for HF-related ventricular arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Junwu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Genlong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Institute of Heart and Vascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, and Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Desheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Kangyi Gao
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 2019RU070, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Morishita Y, Tamura S, Mochizuki K, Harada Y, Takamatsu T, Hosoi H, Tanaka H. Generation of myocyte agonal Ca 2+ waves and contraction bands in perfused rat hearts following irreversible membrane permeabilisation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:803. [PMID: 36646772 PMCID: PMC9842683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although irreversible cardiomyocyte injury provokes intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) overload, the underlying dynamics of this response and its effects on cellular morphology remain unknown. We therefore visualised rapid-scanning confocal fluo4-[Ca2+]i dynamics and morphology of cardiomyocytes in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts following saponin-membrane permeabilisation. Our data demonstrate that 0.4% saponin-treated myocytes immediately exhibited high-frequency Ca2+ waves (131.3 waves/min/cell) with asynchronous, oscillatory contractions having a mean propagation velocity of 117.8 μm/s. These waves slowly decreased in frequency, developed a prolonged decay phase, and disappeared in 10 min resulting in high-static, fluo4-fluorescence intensity. The myocytes showing these waves displayed contraction bands, i.e., band-like actin-fibre aggregates with disruption of sarcomeric α-actinin. The contraction bands were not attenuated by the abolition of Ca2+ waves under pretreatment with ryanodine plus thapsigargin, but were partially attenuated by the calpain inhibitor MDL28170, while mechanical arrest of the myocytes by 2,3-butanedione monoxime completely attenuated contraction-band formation. The depletion of adenosine 5'-triphosphate by the mitochondrial electron uncoupler carbonyl cyanide 4-trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazone also attenuated Ca2+ waves and contraction bands. Overall, saponin-induced myocyte [Ca2+]i overload provokes agonal Ca2+ waves and contraction bands. Contraction bands are not the direct consequence of the waves but are caused by cross-bridge interactions of the myocytes under calpain-mediated proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Morishita
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shoko Tamura
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takamatsu
- Department of Medical Photonics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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Parente JM, Blascke de Mello MM, Silva PHLD, Omoto ACM, Pernomian L, Oliveira ISD, Mahmud Z, Fazan R, Arantes EC, Schulz R, Castro MMD. MMP inhibition attenuates hypertensive eccentric cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction by preserving troponin I and dystrophin. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114744. [PMID: 34453903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiac transition from concentric (C-LVH) to eccentric left ventricle hypertrophy (E-LVH) is a maladaptive response of hypertension. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in particular MMP-2, may contribute to tissue remodeling by proteolyzing extra- and intracellular proteins. Troponin I and dystrophin are two potential targets of MMP-2 examined in this study and their proteolysis would impair cardiac contractile function. We hypothesized that MMP-2 contributes to the decrease in troponin I and dystrophin in the hypertensive heart and thereby controls the transition from C-LVH to E-LVH and cardiac dysfunction. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into sham or two kidney-1 clip (2K-1C) hypertensive groups and treated with water (vehicle) or doxycycline (MMP inhibitor, 15 mg/kg/day) by gavage from the tenth to the sixteenth week post-surgery. Tail-cuff plethysmography, echocardiography, gelatin zymography, confocal microscopy, western blot, mass spectrometry, in silico protein analysis and immunofluorescence were performed. RESULTS 6 out of 23 2K-1C rats (26%) had E-LVH followed by reduced ejection fraction. The remaining had C-LVH with preserved cardiac function. Doxycycline prevented the transition from C-LVH to E-LVH. MMP activity is increased in C-LVH and E-LVH hearts which was inhibited by doxycycline. This effect was associated with an increase in troponin I cleavage products and a decline in dystrophin in the left ventricle of E-LVH rats, which was prevented by doxycycline. CONCLUSION Hypertension causes increased cardiac MMP-2 activity which proteolyzes troponin I and dystrophin, contributing to the transition from C-LVH to E-LVH and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Montenegro Parente
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Maria Blascke de Mello
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Leite da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Mieko Omoto
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Laena Pernomian
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Zabed Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry, 474 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Rubens Fazan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Richard Schulz
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, 462 Heritage Medical Research Center, T6G 2S2 Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michele Mazzaron de Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Valera IC, Wacker AL, Hwang HS, Holmes C, Laitano O, Landstrom AP, Parvatiyar MS. Essential roles of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in different cardiac pathologies. Adv Med Sci 2021; 66:52-71. [PMID: 33387942 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), situated at the sarcolemma dynamically remodels during cardiac disease. This review examines DGC remodeling as a common denominator in diseases affecting heart function and health. Dystrophin and the DGC serve as broad cytoskeletal integrators that are critical for maintaining stability of muscle membranes. The presence of pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins of the DGC can cause absence of the protein and/or alterations in other complex members leading to muscular dystrophies. Targeted studies have allowed the individual functions of affected proteins to be defined. The DGC has demonstrated its dynamic function, remodeling under a number of conditions that stress the heart. Beyond genetic causes, pathogenic processes also impinge on the DGC, causing alterations in the abundance of dystrophin and associated proteins during cardiac insult such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, mechanical unloading, and myocarditis. When considering new therapeutic strategies, it is important to assess DGC remodeling as a common factor in various heart diseases. The DGC connects the internal F-actin-based cytoskeleton to laminin-211 of the extracellular space, playing an important role in the transmission of mechanical force to the extracellular matrix. The essential functions of dystrophin and the DGC have been long recognized. DGC based therapeutic approaches have been primarily focused on muscular dystrophies, however it may be a beneficial target in a number of disorders that affect the heart. This review provides an account of what we now know, and discusses how this knowledge can benefit persistent health conditions in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela C Valera
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Amanda L Wacker
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Hyun Seok Hwang
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Orlando Laitano
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michelle S Parvatiyar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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5
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Schmidt CA, Amorese AJ, Ryan TE, Goldberg EJ, Tarpey MD, Green TD, Karnekar RR, Yamaguchi DJ, Spangenburg EE, McClung JM. Strain-Dependent Variation in Acute Ischemic Muscle Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1246-1262. [PMID: 29454751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Limited efficacy of clinical interventions for peripheral arterial disease necessitates a better understanding of the environmental and genetic determinants of tissue pathology. Existing research has largely ignored the early skeletal muscle injury response during hind limb ischemia (HLI). We compared the hind limb muscle response, after 6 hours of ischemia, in two mouse strains that differ dramatically in their postischemic extended recovery: C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ. Perfusion, measured by laser Doppler and normalized to the control limb, differed only slightly between strains after HLI (<12% across all measures). Similar (<10%) effect sizes in lectin-perfused vessel area and no differences in tissue oxygen saturation measured by reflectance spectroscopy were also found. Muscles from both strains were functionally impaired after HLI, but greater muscle necrosis and loss of dystrophin-positive immunostaining were observed in BALB/cJ muscle compared with C57BL/6J. Muscle cell-specific dystrophin loss and reduced viability were also detected in additional models of ischemia that were independent of residual perfusion differences. Our results indicate that factors other than the completeness of ischemia alone (ie, background genetics) influence the magnitude of acute ischemic muscle injury. These findings may have implications for future development of therapeutic interventions for limb ischemia and for understanding the phasic etiology of chronic and acute ischemic muscle pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron A Schmidt
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Adam J Amorese
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Emma J Goldberg
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Michael D Tarpey
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Thomas D Green
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Reema R Karnekar
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Dean J Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Division of Vascular Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Espen E Spangenburg
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
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6
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Prado FP, dos Santos DO, Blefari V, Silva CA, Machado J, Kettelhut IDC, Ramos SG, Baruffi MD, Salgado HC, Prado CM. Early dystrophin loss is coincident with the transition of compensated cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189469. [PMID: 29267303 PMCID: PMC5739420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension causes cardiac hypertrophy, one of the most important risk factors for heart failure (HF). Despite the importance of cardiac hypertrophy as a risk factor for the development of HF, not all hypertrophied hearts will ultimately fail. Alterations of cytoskeletal and sarcolemma-associated proteins are considered markers cardiac remodeling during HF. Dystrophin provides mechanical stability to the plasma membrane through its interactions with the actin cytoskeleton and, indirectly, to extracellular matrix proteins. This study was undertaken to evaluate dystrophin and calpain-1 in the transition from compensated cardiac hypertrophy to HF. Wistar rats were subjected to abdominal aorta constriction and killed at 30, 60 and 90 days post surgery (dps). Cardiac function and blood pressure were evaluated. The hearts were collected and Western blotting and immunofluorescence performed for dystrophin, calpain-1, alpha-fodrin and calpastatin. Statistical analyses were performed and considered significant when p<0.05. After 90 dps, 70% of the animals showed hypertrophic hearts (HH) and 30% hypertrophic+dilated hearts (HD). Systolic and diastolic functions were preserved at 30 and 60 dps, however, decreased in the HD group. Blood pressure, cardiomyocyte diameter and collagen content were increased at all time points. Dystrophin expression was lightly increased at 30 and 60 dps and HH group. HD group showed decreased expression of dystrophin and calpastatin and increased expression of calpain-1 and alpha-fodrin fragments. The first signals of dystrophin reduction were observed as early as 60 dps. In conclusion, some hearts present a distinct molecular pattern at an early stage of the disease; this pattern could provide an opportunity to identify these failure-prone hearts during the development of the cardiac disease. We showed that decreased expression of dystrophin and increased expression of calpains are coincident and could work as possible therapeutic targets to prevent heart failure as a consequence of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P. Prado
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele O. dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdecir Blefari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Silva
- Department of Phisiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Machado
- Department of Biochemistry/Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isis do Carmo Kettelhut
- Department of Biochemistry/Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone G. Ramos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Helio C. Salgado
- Department of Phisiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele M. Prado
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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7
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Loss of dystrophin is associated with increased myocardial stiffness in a model of left ventricular hypertrophy. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 432:169-178. [PMID: 28316061 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transition from compensated to decompensated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is accompanied by functional and structural changes. Here, the aim was to evaluate dystrophin expression in murine models and human subjects with LVH by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and aortic stenosis (AS), respectively. We determined whether doxycycline (Doxy) prevented dystrophin expression and myocardial stiffness in mice. Additionally, ventricular function recovery was evaluated in patients 1 year after surgery. Mice were subjected to TAC and monitored for 3 weeks. A second group received Doxy treatment after TAC. Patients with AS were stratified by normal left ventricular end-diastolic wall stress (LVEDWS) and high LVEDWS, and groups were compared. In mice, LVH decreased inotropism and increased myocardial stiffness associated with a dystrophin breakdown and a decreased mitochondrial O2 uptake (MitoMVO2). These alterations were attenuated by Doxy. Patients with high LVEDWS showed similar results to those observed in mice. A correlation between dystrophin and myocardial stiffness was observed in both mice and humans. Systolic function at 1 year post-surgery was only recovered in the normal-LVEDWS group. In summary, mice and humans present diastolic dysfunction associated with dystrophin degradation. The recovery of ventricular function was observed only in patients with normal LVEDWS and without dystrophin degradation. In mice, Doxy improved MitoMVO2. Based on our results it is concluded that the LVH with high LVEDWS is associated to a degradation of dystrophin and increase of myocardial stiffness. At least in a murine model these alterations were attenuated after the administration of a matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.
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8
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Freitas ACS, Figueiredo MJ, Campos EC, Soave DF, Ramos SG, Tanowitz HB, Celes MRN. Activation of Both the Calpain and Ubiquitin-Proteasome Systems Contributes to Septic Cardiomyopathy through Dystrophin Loss/Disruption and mTOR Inhibition. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166839. [PMID: 27880847 PMCID: PMC5120800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction caused by the impairment of myocardial contractility has been recognized as an important factor contributing to the high mortality in sepsis. Calpain activation in the heart takes place in response to increased intracellular calcium influx resulting in proteolysis of structural and contractile proteins with subsequent myocardial dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that increased levels of calpain in the septic heart leads to disruption of structural and contractile proteins and that administration of calpain inhibitor-1 (N-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal (ALLN)) after sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture prevents cardiac protein degradation. We also tested the hypothesis that calpain plays a role in the modulation of protein synthesis/degradation through the activation of proteasome-dependent proteolysis and inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Severe sepsis significantly increased heart calpain-1 levels and promoted ubiquitin and Pa28β over-expression with a reduction in the mTOR levels. In addition, sepsis reduced the expression of structural proteins dystrophin and β-dystroglycan as well as the contractile proteins actin and myosin. ALLN administration prevented sepsis-induced increases in calpain and ubiquitin levels in the heart, which resulted in decreased of structural and contractile proteins degradation and basal mTOR expression levels were re-established. Our results support the concept that increased calpain concentrations may be part of an important mechanism of sepsis-induced cardiac muscle proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caroline Silva Freitas
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Figueiredo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erica Carolina Campos
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo Figueiredo Soave
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goias, Brazil
| | - Simone Gusmao Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Herbert B. Tanowitz
- Departments of Pathology and medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Mara Rúbia N. Celes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goias, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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9
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Dantrolene improves in vitro structural changes induced by serum from Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:429-433. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Bkaily G, Chahine M, Al-Khoury J, Avedanian L, Beier N, Scholz W, Jacques D. Na+–H+ exchanger inhibitor prevents early death in hereditary cardiomyopathy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:923-34. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using the UM-X7.1 hereditary cardiomyopathic and muscular dystrophy hamsters (HCMH), we tested the effects of lifelong preventive or curative treatments during the heart failure phase with the NHE-1 inhibitor EMD 87580 (EMD) or with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor cilazapril on the intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ overloads, elevated level of NHE-1, necrosis, hypertrophy, heart failure, and early death. Our results showed that 310-day pretreatment of 30-day-old HCMHs with EMD significantly prevented cardiac necrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and reduced the heart to body mass ratio. This treatment significantly prevented Na+ and Ca2+ overloads and the increase in NHE-1 protein level observed in HCMHs. Importantly, this lifelong preventive treatment significantly decreased the levels of creatine kinase and prevented early death of HCMHs. Curative treatment of hypertrophic 275-day-old HCMHs for 85 days with EMD significantly prevented hypertrophy and early death of HCMHs. However, treatments with cilazapril did not have any significant effects on the cardiac parameters studied or on early death of HCMHs. Our results suggest that the increase in the NHE-1 level and the consequent Na+ and Ca2+ overloads are implicated in the pathological process leading to heart failure and early death in HCMHs, and treatment with the NHE-1 inhibitor is promising for preventing early death in hereditary cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Bkaily
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Mirna Chahine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Johny Al-Khoury
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Levon Avedanian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Norbert Beier
- Diabetes and Complication Research, Merck KGaA, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Scholz
- Diabetes and Complication Research, Merck KGaA, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Danielle Jacques
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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11
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Malvestio LM, Celes MR, Milanezi C, Silva JS, Jelicks LA, Tanowitz HB, Rossi MA, Prado CM. Role of dystrophin in acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:768-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Buchholz B, Perez V, Siachoque N, Miksztowicz V, Berg G, Rodríguez M, Donato M, Gelpi RJ. Dystrophin proteolysis: a potential target for MMP-2 and its prevention by ischemic preconditioning. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H88-96. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00242.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin is responsible for the mechanical stabilization of the sarcolemma, and it has been shown that it is one of the most sensitive proteins to ischemic injury. However, the enzyme responsible for this proteolysis is still unknown. Isolated rabbit hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia with and without reperfusion (180 min) to determine whether dystrophin is cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 during acute ischemia and whether ischemic preconditioning (PC) prevents dystrophin breakdown through MMP-2 inhibition. The activity of MMP-2 was evaluated by zymography and using doxycycline as an inhibitor. Also, to stimulate MMP-2 activity without ischemia, SIN-1 was administered in the absence and presence of doxycycline. Finally, we considered the PC effect on MMP-2 activity and dystrophin expression. The dystrophin level decreased during ischemia, reaching 21% of control values ( P < 0.05), but the spectrin level remained unchanged. MMP-2 activity increased 71% during ischemia compared with control values ( P < 0.05). Doxycycline administration before ischemia prevented dystrophin breakdown. In normoxic hearts, SIN-1 increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances by 33% ( P < 0.05) and MMP-2 activity by 36% ( P < 0.05) and significantly reduced the dystrophin level to 23% of control values ( P < 0.05). PC significantly prevented dystrophin breakdown by inhibiting MMP-2 activity, and the dystrophin level reached 89% of control values ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, MMP-2 could be responsible for the proteolysis of dystrophin. Thus, dystrophin emerges as a possible novel substrate for MMP-2 in the context of ischemic injury. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that ischemic PC prevents dystrophin breakdown most likely by inhibiting MMP-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Buchholz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Virginia Perez
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Nadezda Siachoque
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Institute of Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry, Lipids and Lipoproteins Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Institute of Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry, Lipids and Lipoproteins Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Rodríguez
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Martín Donato
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Ricardo J. Gelpi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
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13
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Celes MRN, Malvestio LM, Suadicani SO, Prado CM, Figueiredo MJ, Campos EC, Freitas ACS, Spray DC, Tanowitz HB, da Silva JS, Rossi MA. Disruption of calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes underlies cardiac structural and functional changes in severe sepsis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68809. [PMID: 23935889 PMCID: PMC3720843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a major cause of morbidity/mortality in intensive care units worldwide, is commonly associated with cardiac dysfunction, which worsens the prognosis dramatically for patients. Although in recent years the concept of septic cardiomyopathy has evolved, the importance of myocardial structural alterations in sepsis has not been fully explored. This study offers novel and mechanistic data to clarify subcellular events that occur in the pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy and myocardial dysfunction in severe sepsis. Cultured neonatal mice cardiomyocytes subjected to serum obtained from mice with severe sepsis presented striking increment of [Ca2+]i and calpain-1 levels associated with decreased expression of dystrophin and disruption and derangement of F-actin filaments and cytoplasmic bleb formation. Severe sepsis induced in mice led to an increased expression of calpain-1 in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, decreased myocardial amounts of dystrophin, sarcomeric actin, and myosin heavy chain were observed in septic hearts associated with depressed cardiac contractile dysfunction and a very low survival rate. Actin and myosin from the sarcomere are first disassembled by calpain and then ubiquitinated and degraded by proteasome or sequestered inside specialized vacuoles called autophagosomes, delivered to the lysosome for degradation forming autophagolysosomes. Verapamil and dantrolene prevented the increase of calpain-1 levels and preserved dystrophin, actin, and myosin loss/reduction as well cardiac contractile dysfunction associated with strikingly improved survival rate. These abnormal parameters emerge as therapeutic targets, which modulation may provide beneficial effects on future vascular outcomes and mortality in sepsis. Further studies are needed to shed light on this mechanism, mainly regarding specific calpain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara R N Celes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Müller AL, Freed D, Hryshko L, Dhalla NS. Implications of protease activation in cardiac dysfunction and development of genetic cardiomyopathy in hamsters. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:995-1004. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has become evident that protein degradation by proteolytic enzymes, known as proteases, is partly responsible for cardiovascular dysfunction in various types of heart disease. Both extracellular and intracellular alterations in proteolytic activities are invariably seen in heart failure associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertensive cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Genetic cardiomyopathy displayed in different strains of hamsters provides a useful model for studying heart failure due to either cardiac hypertrophy or cardiac dilation. Alterations in the function of several myocardial organelles such as sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofibrils, mitochondria, as well as extracellular matrix have been shown to be due to subcellular remodeling as a consequence of changes in gene expression and protein content in failing hearts from cardiomyopathic hamsters. In view of the increased activities of various proteases, including calpains and matrix metalloproteinases in the hearts of genetically determined hamsters, it is proposed that the activation of different proteases may also represent an important determinant of subcellular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction associated with genetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L. Müller
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, and Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Darren Freed
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, and Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Departments of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Larry Hryshko
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, and Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, and Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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15
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Inserte J, Hernando V, Garcia-Dorado D. Contribution of calpains to myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:23-31. [PMID: 22787134 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis contributes through different mechanisms to cell death occurring during the first minutes of reperfusion. One of them is an unregulated activation of a variety of Ca(2+)-dependent enzymes, including the non-lysosomal cysteine proteases known as calpains. This review analyses the involvement of the calpain family in reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte death. Calpains remain inactive before reperfusion due to the acidic pHi and increased ionic strength in the ischaemic myocardium. However, inappropriate calpain activation occurs during myocardial reperfusion, and subsequent proteolysis of a wide variety of proteins contributes to the development of contractile dysfunction and necrotic cell death by different mechanisms, including increased membrane fragility, further impairment of Na(+) and Ca(2+) handling, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent studies demonstrating that calpain inhibition contributes to the cardioprotective effects of preconditioning and postconditioning, and the beneficial effects obtained with new and more selective calpain inhibitors added at the onset of reperfusion, point to the potential cardioprotective value of therapeutic strategies designed to prevent calpain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Inserte
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Prado CM, Celes MR, Malvestio LM, Campos EC, Silva JS, Jelicks LA, Tanowitz HB, Rossi MA. Early dystrophin disruption in the pathogenesis of experimental chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Microbes Infect 2012; 14:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Calpain-mediated dystrophin disruption may be a potential structural culprit behind chronic doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:541-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Toko H, Takahashi H, Kayama Y, Oka T, Minamino T, Okada S, Morimoto S, Zhan DY, Terasaki F, Anderson ME, Inoue M, Yao A, Nagai R, Kitaura Y, Sasaguri T, Komuro I. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIdelta causes heart failure by accumulation of p53 in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2010; 122:891-9. [PMID: 20713897 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.935296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by dilatation and dysfunction of the left ventricle, is an important cause of heart failure. Many mutations in various genes, including cytoskeletal protein genes and contractile protein genes, have been identified in DCM patients, but the mechanisms of how such mutations lead to DCM remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We established the mouse model of DCM by expressing a mutated cardiac alpha-actin gene, which has been reported in patients with DCM, in the heart (mActin-Tg). mActin-Tg mice showed gradual dilatation and dysfunction of the left ventricle, resulting in death by heart failure. The number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes and protein levels of p53 were increased in the hearts of mActin-Tg mice. Overexpression of Bcl-2 or downregulation of p53 decreased the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes and improved cardiac function. This mouse model showed a decrease in myofilament calcium sensitivity and activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIdelta (CaMKIIdelta). The inhibition of CaMKIIdelta prevented the increase in p53 and apoptotic cardiomyocytes and ameliorated cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS CaMKIIdelta plays a critical role in the development of heart failure in part by accumulation of p53 and induction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the DCM mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiro Toko
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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19
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Honda M, Hosoda M, Kanzawa N, Tsuchiya T, Toyo-oka T. Specific knockdown of delta-sarcoglycan gene in C2C12 in vitro causes post-translational loss of other sarcoglycans without mechanical stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 323:149-59. [PMID: 19083155 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The precise role of delta-sarcoglycan (SG) that is constitutively expressed in skeletal muscle cells and may serve for maintaining the sarcolemmal integrity has not been identified. The delta-SG protein is at first among SG complex. To specifically identify the role in C(2)C(12) cells during the myogenesis, we screened several RNA interference (RNAi) candidates at first, and knocked down both levels of the mRNA and protein, employing adenovirus-mediated RNAi. We found no morphological alteration at both myoblast and myotube stages by suppression of delta-SG. The specific knockdown of delta-SG accompanied a concomitant decrease of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-SGs preserving normal levels of each transcript. As for the localization, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-SGs were weakly stained on the cell membrane in delta-SG knockdown cells, whereas each SG in control cell was localized both on the cell membrane and myoplasm abundantly. This enhanced post-translational loss would represent similitude of the progression of cardiomuscular diseases in vitro. Different from cardiac muscle cells, skeletal muscle cell culture without muscle contraction may imply that mechanical stress per se is not primarily involved in the progression of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Furthermore, we have observed translocation of calpain-2 to cell membrane in delta-SG knockdown cells, suggesting that Ca(2+)-sensitive proteases, calpains closely take part in post-translational proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Honda
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan.
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20
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Campos EC, Romano MMD, Prado CM, Rossi MA. Isoproterenol induces primary loss of dystrophin in rat hearts: correlation with myocardial injury. Int J Exp Pathol 2008; 89:367-81. [PMID: 18808529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage is unknown, but a mismatch of oxygen supply vs. demand following coronary hypotension and myocardial hyperactivity is the best explanation for the complex morphological alterations observed. Severe alterations in the structural integrity of the sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes have been demonstrated to be caused by isoproterenol. Taking into account that the sarcolemmal integrity is stabilized by the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) that connects actin and laminin in contractile machinery and extracellular matrix and by integrins, this study tests the hypothesis that isoproterenol affects sarcolemmal stability through changes in the DGC and integrins. We found different sensitivity of the DGC and integrin to isoproterenol subcutaneous administration. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that dystrophin is the most sensitive among the structures connecting the actin in the cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. The sarcomeric actin dissolution occurred after the reduction or loss of dystrophin. Subsequently, after lysis of myofilaments, gamma-sarcoglycan, beta-dystroglycan, beta1-integrin, and laminin alpha-2 expressions were reduced followed by their breakdown, as epiphenomena of the myocytolytic process. In conclusion, administration of isoproterenol to rats results in primary loss of dystrophin, the most sensitive among the structural proteins that form the DGC that connects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton in cardiomyocyte. These changes, related to ischaemic injury, explain the severe alterations in the structural integrity of the sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes and hence severe and irreversible injury induced by isoproterenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Campos
- Department of Pathology (Cellular and Molecular Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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21
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Lu YM, Shioda N, Han F, Moriguchi S, Kasahara J, Shirasaki Y, Qin ZH, Fukunaga K. Imbalance between CaM kinase II and calcineurin activities impairs caffeine-induced calcium release in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:1727-37. [PMID: 17888407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy impairs Ca(2+) handling in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby impairing cardiac contraction. To identify the mechanisms underlying impaired Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, we assessed Ca(2+)-dependent signaling and the phosphorylation of phospholamban, which regulates Ca(2+) uptake during myocardial relaxation and is in turn regulated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin. In cultured rat cardiomyocytes, treatment with endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy and increased CaMKII autophosphorylation and calcineurin expression. The calcineurin level reached its maximum at 72h and remained elevated for at least 96h after endothelin-1 or angiotensin II treatment. By contrast, CaMKII autophosphorylation, phospholamban phosphorylation, and caffeine-induced Ca(2+) mobilization all peaked 48h after these treatments. By 96h after treatment, CaMKII autophosphorylation and phospholamban phosphorylation had returned to baseline, and caffeine-induced Ca(2+) mobilization was impaired relative to baseline. A similar biphasic change was observed in dystrophin levels in endothelin-1-induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, and treatment with the novel CaM antagonists DY-9760e and DY-9836 significantly inhibited the hypertrophy-induced dystrophin breakdown. Taken together, the abnormal Ca(2+) regulation in cardiomyocytes following hypertrophy is in part mediated by an imbalance in calcineurin and CaMKII activities, which leads to abnormal phospholamban activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Mei Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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22
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Tezuka A, Kawada T, Nakazawa M, Masui F, Konno S, Nitta SI, Toyo-Oka T. Which skeletal myoblasts and how to be transplanted for cardiac repair? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 369:270-6. [PMID: 18047831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical efficacy of skeletal myoblast (skMb) transplantation is controversial whether this treatment produces beneficial outcome in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Based on immunological tolerance between wild-type and DCM hamsters with the deletion of delta-sarcoglycan (SG) gene, skMb engraftment in TO-2 myocardium (3x10(5) cells in approximately 100mg heart) was verified by the donor-specific expression of delta-SG transgene constitutively produced throughout myogenesis. At 5 weeks after the transplantation, the cell rates expressing fast-myosin heavy chain (MHC) exceeded slow-MHC in delta-SG(+) cells. Fifteen weeks after (corresponding to approximately 12 years in humans), fast MHC(+) cells nullified, but the delta-SG(+) and slow MHC(+) cell number remained unaltered. These skMbs fused with host cardiomyocytes via connexin-43 and intercalated disc, modestly improving the hemodynamics without arrhythmia, when engrafted skMbs were sparsely disseminated in autopsied myocardium. These results provide us evidence that disseminating delivery of slow-MHC(+) myoblasts is promising for repairing DCM heart using histocompatible skeletal myoblasts in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaki Tezuka
- Department of Pathophysiology and Internal Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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23
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Ichikawa K, Sakabe E, Kuninobu KI, Yamori T, Tsuruo T, Yao T, Tsuneyoshi M, Utsumi H. Application of in vivo ESR/spin-probe technique to monitor tumor in vivo in mouse footpad. Antioxid Redox Signal 2007; 9:1699-707. [PMID: 17665970 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The redox status of tumors inoculated into the footpads of mice was investigated by using an in vivo ESR/spin-probe technique. A single-cell suspension of a metastatic subclone of colon carcinoma NL-17 was inoculated into the footpads of Balb/c mice. At 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after the inoculation, a spin probe, either carbamoylor carboxy-PROXYL, was intravenously injected, and then the ESR spectra of each footpad were separately obtained under a one-dimensional magnetic-field gradient. The change in the ESR signal intensity of the spin probe was closely related to the tumor volume in the footpads, but no significant difference was observed between carbamoyl- and carboxy-PROXYL. The in vivo ESR signal decay of carbamoyl-PROXYL, which is related to the conversion of the nitroxyl radical to hydroxylamine, was enhanced in the inoculated footpads but not in the reference one. The ESR signal decay was not influenced by coadministration of radical scavengers, SOD, catalase, mannitol, or dimethylthiourea, suggesting that the redox status but not reactive oxygen species generation played a role in the enhanced signal decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ichikawa
- Department of Bio-function Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
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Hikoso S, Ikeda Y, Yamaguchi O, Takeda T, Higuchi Y, Hirotani S, Kashiwase K, Yamada M, Asahi M, Matsumura Y, Nishida K, Matsuzaki M, Hori M, Otsu K. Progression of heart failure was suppressed by inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 via transcoronary gene transfer. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50:453-62. [PMID: 17662399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined whether the inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) would attenuate the progression of heart failure in TO-2 hamsters with hereditary dilated cardiomyopathy. BACKGROUND Heart failure remains the leading cause of mortality and requires novel therapies targeting the biologically relevant processes within cardiomyocytes that lead to cell death. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is a key signaling molecule for cardiomyocyte death. METHODS We generated recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) expressing an N-terminal truncated form of the dominant-negative mutant of ASK1 (ASKdeltaN(KR)). TO-2 hamsters were subjected to an in vivo rAAV transcoronary transfer. RESULTS ASKdeltaN(KR) retained its dominant-negative activity in vitro. The rAAV expressing ASKdeltaN(KR) treatment inhibited ASK1 activation in the hamster hearts and suppressed progression of ventricular remodeling such as chamber dilation, impairment of contractile and relaxation functions, and fibrosis. Inhibition of ASK1 reduced the number of apoptotic cells and selectively attenuated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation. Although the deficiency of delta-sarcoglycan, a genetic defect in the hamster, leads to the degradation of dystrophin, the treatment significantly protected hearts from this degradation, probably by inhibiting calpain activation. CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure progression, mediated through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-mediated apoptosis and calpain-dependent dystrophin cleavage, and may be a therapeutic target to treat patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shungo Hikoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Nattel S, Maguy A, Le Bouter S, Yeh YH. Arrhythmogenic Ion-Channel Remodeling in the Heart: Heart Failure, Myocardial Infarction, and Atrial Fibrillation. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:425-56. [PMID: 17429037 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic and effective cardiac contraction depends on appropriately timed generation and spread of cardiac electrical activity. The basic cellular unit of such activity is the action potential, which is shaped by specialized proteins (channels and transporters) that control the movement of ions across cardiac cell membranes in a highly regulated fashion. Cardiac disease modifies the operation of ion channels and transporters in a way that promotes the occurrence of cardiac rhythm disturbances, a process called “arrhythmogenic remodeling.” Arrhythmogenic remodeling involves alterations in ion channel and transporter expression, regulation and association with important protein partners, and has important pathophysiological implications that contribute in major ways to cardiac morbidity and mortality. We review the changes in ion channel and transporter properties associated with three important clinical and experimental paradigms: congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation. We pay particular attention to K+, Na+, and Ca2+channels; Ca2+transporters; connexins; and hyperpolarization-activated nonselective cation channels and discuss the mechanisms through which changes in ion handling processes lead to cardiac arrhythmias. We highlight areas of future investigation, as well as important opportunities for improved therapeutic approaches that are being opened by an improved understanding of the mechanisms of arrhythmogenic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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