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Zeng J, Ma F, Zhai L, Du C, Zhao J, Li Z, Wang J. Recent advance in sesame allergens: Influence of food processing and their detection methods. Food Chem 2024; 448:139058. [PMID: 38531299 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a valuable oilseed crop with numerous nutritional benefits containing a diverse range of bioactive compounds. However, sesame is also considered an allergenic food that triggers various mild to severe adverse reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis). Strict dietary avoidance of sesame components is the best option to protect the sensitized consumers. Sesame or sesame-derived foods are always consumed after certain food processing operations, which would cause a considerable impact on the structure of sesame proteins, changing their sensitization capacity and detectability. In the review, the molecular structure properties, and immunological characteristics of the sesame allergens were described. Meanwhile, the influence of food processing techniques on sesame proteins and the relevant detection techniques used for the sesame allergens quantification are also emphasized critically. Hopefully, this review could provide valuable insight into the development and management for the new "Big Eight" sesame allergen in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zeng
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China; Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Ourense 32004, Spain
| | - Ligong Zhai
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China
| | - Chuanlai Du
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China.
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
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2
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Saf S, Borres MP, Södergren E. Sesame allergy in children: New insights into diagnosis and management. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14001. [PMID: 37622261 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Sesame is a potentially potent allergen that can trigger skin, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract symptoms, and anaphylaxis. Only 20% to 30% of sesame-allergic children develop tolerance. The prevalence of sesame allergy depends on local diets and ranges from 0.1% to 0.9%. A high risk of accidental exposure to sesame has resulted in mandatory food labeling in many countries. More than half of patients with sesame allergy are also allergic to peanut/tree nuts. Serum-specific IgE testing with a quantitative Ses i 1 component can be performed safely and has higher clinical specificity and better positive predictive value for oral food challenge (OFC) than whole sesame extract or skin prick testing (SPT). Compared with SPT or OFC, in vitro Ses i 1 testing requires no special techniques and carries no risk of reactions. Diagnosis of suspected sesame allergy begins with a thorough history and physical examination. A positive sesame extract test (≥0.1 kUA /L) should prompt further testing. In patients with a high probability of reacting, results of component testing may facilitate a decision about performing an OFC. In a Japanese study of OFC and Ses i 1, there was a 5% probability of a positive OFC with Ses i 1 sIgE levels <0.13 kUA /L, and a 50% probability of a positive OFC with levels >32.0 kUA /L. Most patients could safely consume sesame if sIgE levels were <0.13 kUA /L. Ses i 1 testing can be used to guide appropriate management (avoidance, emergency medication, and oral immunotherapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Saf
- Allergology Department, Hopital A. Trousseau, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Magnus P Borres
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Phadia AB, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Södergren
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Phadia AB, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Villa C, Costa J, Mafra I. Sesame as a source of food allergens: clinical relevance, molecular characterization, cross-reactivity, stability toward processing and detection strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4746-4762. [PMID: 36377716 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2145263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sesame is an allergenic food with an increasing allergy prevalence among the European/USA population. Sesame allergy is generally life-persisting, being the cause of severe/systemic adverse immune responses in sesame-allergic individuals. Herein, clinical data about sesame allergy, including prevalence, diagnosis, relevance, and treatments are described, with focus on the molecular characterization of sesame allergens, their cross-reactivity and co-sensitization phenomena. The influence of food processing and digestibility on the stability/immunoreactivity of sesame allergens is critically discussed and the analytical approaches available for their detection in foodstuffs. Cross-reactivity between sesame and tree nuts or peanuts is frequent because of the high similarities among proteins of the same family. However, cross-reactivity phenomena are not always correlated with true clinical allergy in sensitized patients. Data suggest that sesame allergens are resistant to heat treatments and digestibility, with little effect on their immunoreactivity. Nevertheless, data are scarce, evidencing the need for more research to understand the effect of food processing on sesame allergenicity modulation. The demands for identifying trace amounts of sesame in foods have prompted the development of analytical methods, which have targeted both protein and DNA markers, providing reliable, specific, and sensitive tools, crucial for the effective management of sesame as an allergenic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Pi X, Peng Z, Liu J, Jiang Y, Wang J, Fu G, Yang Y, Sun Y. Sesame allergy: mechanisms, prevalence, allergens, residue detection, effects of processing and cross-reactivity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2847-2862. [PMID: 36165272 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2128031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sesame allergy is a serious public health problem and is mainly induced by IgE-mediated reactions, whose prevalence is distributed all over the world. Sesame has been included on the priority allergic food list in many countries. This review summarizes the mechanism and prevalence of sesame allergy. The characteristics, structures and epitopes of sesame allergens (Ses i 1 to Ses i 7) are included. Moreover, the detection methods for sesame allergens are evaluated, including nucleic-acid, immunoassays, mass spectrometry, and biosensors. Various processing techniques for reducing sesame allergenicity are discussed. Additionally, the potential cross-reactivity of sesame with other plant foods is assessed. It is found that the allergenicity of sesame is related to the structures and epitopes of sesame allergens. Immunoassays and mass spectrometry are the major analytical tools for detecting and quantifying sesame allergens in food. Limited technologies have been successfully used to reduce the antigenicity of sesame, involving microwave heating, high hydrostatic pressure, salt and pH treatment. More technologies for reducing the allergenicity of sesame should be widely investigated in future studies. The reduction of allergenicity in processed sesames should be ultimately confirmed by clinical studies. What's more, sesame may exhibit cross-reactivity with peanut and tree nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Pi
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zeyu Peng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiafei Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunqing Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiarong Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guiming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yili Yang
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Center for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxue Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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5
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Ma X, Li H, Zhang J, Ge Y, He L, Kang W, Huang W, Sun JL, Chen Y. Effect of Roasting on the Conformational Structure and IgE Binding of Sesame Allergens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9442-9450. [PMID: 35819315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sesame can trigger a systemic allergic reaction. In the present study, we investigated the responses of the structure and IgE binding of sesame allergens to different roasting treatments (120, 150, and 180 °C for 5 to 30 min). We analyzed the tryptic digestion peptides using a label-free mass spectrometry method. The total amount of soluble proteins in sesame was significantly reduced by roasting at 180 °C, followed by 150 °C. Ses i 1 was the most stable protein during processing as it still possessed a higher protein abundance compared to other allergens after roasting under 180 °C. The most unstable allergens were Ses i 4 and Ses i 7, which suffered severe protein degradation at 180 °C. Roasting at 180 °C remarkably increased the secondary structure content of α-helices but decreased that of β-sheets, whereas roasting at 120 and 150 °C had a limited effect on the secondary structure of sesame proteins. Moreover, serum pool Western blot analysis showed that the main allergens were oleosin of Ses i 4 and Ses i 5. The IgE-binding ability of sesame allergens was significantly decreased under 180 °C roasting, as well as the solubility of sesame proteins, which showed remarkable congruence in changes. Relative quantification results indicate that individual sesame allergens respond differently to the roasting process. In general, sesame allergens are unstable under roasting treatment. Therefore, the allergenic potential of sesame allergens may be minimized by selecting appropriate parameters during processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiukai Zhang
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiang Ge
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhan Kang
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Huang
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Lyu Sun
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
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Mattar H, Padfield P, Simpson A, Mills ENC. The impact of a baked muffin matrix on the bioaccessibility and IgE reactivity of egg and peanut allergens. Food Chem 2021; 362:129879. [PMID: 34118511 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Baked matrices, such as muffin, may help to promote tolerance to food allergens by modifying allergen structure, digestibility, and capacity to stimulate the immune responses. However, the impact of the muffin matrix on the bioaccessibility of allergens in the gastrointestinal tract is not well understood. Muffin containing egg and peanut was subjected to in vitro oral-gastro-duodenal digestion. During gastric digestion, the majority of the egg allergen Gal d 2 and the peanut allergens Ara h 1 and 3 were not bioaccessible. Subsequent duodenal digestion increased allergen bioaccessibility with Gal d 2 and the peanut allergen Ara h 2 proving highly resistant to digestion. The IgE reactivity of bioaccessible peanut allergens was retained to a greater extent than that of egg allergens after oral-gastric digestion. The starch and gluten-rich muffin matrix modifies allergen bioaccessiblity in a manner more similar to baked matrices such as bread, than low water activity matrices such as cookies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer Mattar
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Phil Padfield
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Simpson
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, M23 9LT Manchester, UK
| | - E N Clare Mills
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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7
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Dreskin SC, Koppelman SJ, Andorf S, Nadeau KC, Kalra A, Braun W, Negi SS, Chen X, Schein CH. The importance of the 2S albumins for allergenicity and cross-reactivity of peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1154-1163. [PMID: 33217410 PMCID: PMC8035160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds are among the most important food-related causes of anaphylaxis. Important clinical questions include: Why is there a variable occurrence of coallergy among these foods and Is this immunologically mediated? The clinical and immunologic data summarized here suggest an immunologic basis for these coallergies that is based on similarities among the 2S albumins. Data from component resolved diagnostics have highlighted the relationship between IgE binding to these allergens and the presence of IgE-mediated food allergy. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments provide strong evidence that the 2S albumins are the most important allergens in peanuts for inducing an allergic effector response. Although the 2S albumins are diverse, they have a common disulfide-linked core with similar physicochemical properties that make them prime candidates to explain much of the observed coallergy among peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds. The well-established frequency of cashew and pistachio nut coallergy (64%-100%) highlights how the structural similarities among their 2S albumins may account for observed clinical cross-reactivity. A complete understanding of the physicochemical properties of the 2S albumins in peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds will enhance our ability to diagnose, treat, and ultimately prevent these allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Dreskin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo.
| | - Stef J Koppelman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb
| | - Sandra Andorf
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Anjeli Kalra
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo
| | - Werner Braun
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Surendra S Negi
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Xueni Chen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo
| | - Catherine H Schein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex.
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Giglio ML, Ituarte S, Ibañez AE, Dreon MS, Prieto E, Fernández PE, Heras H. Novel Role for Animal Innate Immune Molecules: Enterotoxic Activity of a Snail Egg MACPF-Toxin. Front Immunol 2020; 11:428. [PMID: 32231667 PMCID: PMC7082926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastropod Molluscs rely exclusively on the innate immune system to protect from pathogens, defending their embryos through maternally transferred effectors. In this regard, Pomacea snail eggs, in addition to immune defenses, have evolved the perivitellin-2 or PV2 combining two immune proteins into a neurotoxin: a lectin and a pore-forming protein from the Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin (MACPF) family. This binary structure resembles AB-toxins, a group of toxins otherwise restricted to bacteria and plants. Many of these are enterotoxins, leading us to explore this activity in PV2. Enterotoxins found in bacteria and plants act mainly as pore-forming toxins and toxic lectins, respectively. In animals, although both pore-forming proteins and lectins are ubiquitous, no enterotoxins have been reported. Considering that Pomacea snail eggs ingestion induce morpho-physiological changes in the intestinal mucosa of rodents and is cytotoxic to intestinal cells in culture, we seek for the factor causing these effects and identified PmPV2 from Pomacea maculata eggs. We characterized the enterotoxic activity of PmPV2 through in vitro and in vivo assays. We determined that it withstands the gastrointestinal environment and resisted a wide pH range and enzymatic proteolysis. After binding to Caco-2 cells it promoted changes in surface morphology and an increase in membrane roughness. It was also cytotoxic to both epithelial and immune cells from the digestive system of mammals. It induced enterocyte death by a lytic mechanism and disrupted enterocyte monolayers in a dose-dependent manner. Further, after oral administration to mice PmPV2 attached to enterocytes and induced large dose-dependent morphological changes on their small intestine mucosa, reducing the absorptive surface. Additionally, PmPV2 was detected in the Peyer's patches where it activated lymphoid follicles and triggered apoptosis. We also provide evidence that the toxin can traverse the intestinal barrier and induce oral adaptive immunity with evidence of circulating antibody response. As a whole, these results indicate that PmPV2 is a true enterotoxin, a role that has never been reported to lectins or perforin in animals. This extends by convergent evolution the presence of plant- and bacteria-like enterotoxins to animals, thus expanding the diversity of functions of MACPF proteins in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías L Giglio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Santiago Ituarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés E Ibañez
- División de Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNyM), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos S Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Físico-químicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia E Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FEV), Instituto de Patología B. Epstein, Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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Jug r 6 is the allergenic vicilin present in walnut responsible for IgE cross-reactivities to other tree nuts and seeds. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11366. [PMID: 30054513 PMCID: PMC6063931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnuts are ranked high in the list of the culprit foods inducing severe allergic reactions. Jug r 2 has been identified as a major allergen in common walnut by cDNA cloning from a somatic cell line. So far, studies were performed on the allergenic activity of recombinant Jug r 2, yet there is still no evidence about the physicochemical characteristics of the natural allergen. Therefore, we aimed to purify and deeply characterize natural Jug r 2 and to assess IgE cross-reactivity among vicilins from different tree nuts. Extensive mass spectrometry analysis of the obtained purified vicilin allowed identification of the protein sequence that displayed only 44% identity to Jug r 2. The newly identified vicilin (Jug r 6) was recognized by IgE of 26% in walnut allergic patients’ sera tested. In contrast to Jug r 2, Jug r 6 displayed a remarkable level of cross-reactivity when tested with homologues from hazelnut, sesame and pistachio. It is the first report showing the necessity of proteomic studies to improve allergy component resolved diagnosis.
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10
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Characterization of Structural Variability of the Allergenic 2S Albumin Ses i 1 Using Combinatorial Proteomics. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-018-0064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Reitsma M, Bastiaan-Net S, Sijbrandij L, de Weert E, Sforza S, Gerth van Wijk R, Savelkoul HFJ, de Jong NW, Wichers HJ. Origin and Processing Methods Slightly Affect Allergenic Characteristics of Cashew Nuts (Anacardium occidentale). J Food Sci 2018. [PMID: 29524213 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The protein content and allergen composition was studied of cashews from 8 different origins (Benin, Brazil, Ghana, India, Ivory Coast, Mozambique, Tanzania, Vietnam), subjected to different in-shell heat treatments (steamed, fried, drum-roasted). On 2D electrophoresis, 9 isoforms of Ana o 1, 29 isoforms of Ana o 2 (11 of the acidic subunit, 18 of the basic subunit), and 8 isoforms of the large subunit of Ana o 3 were tentatively identified. Based on 1D and 2D electrophoresis, no difference in allergen content (Ana o 1, 2, 3) was detected between the cashews of different origins (P > 0.5), some small but significant differences were detected in allergen solubility between differently heated cashews. No major differences in N- and C-terminal microheterogeneity of Ana o 3 were detected between cashews of different origins. Between the different heat treatments, no difference was detected in glycation, pepsin digestibility, or IgE binding of the cashew proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Reitsma
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Lab. of Food Chemistry, Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lutske Sijbrandij
- Lab. of Food Chemistry, Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Evelien de Weert
- Lab. of Food Chemistry, Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Lab. of Food Chemistry, Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Roy Gerth van Wijk
- Dept. of Allergology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Univ., Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolette W de Jong
- Dept. of Allergology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harry J Wichers
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Jung TD, Choi SI, Choi SH, Cho BY, Sim WS, Xionggao H, Lee SJ, Park SJ, Kim DB, Kim YC, Lee JH, Lee OH. Changes in the Anti-Allergic Activities of Sesame by Bioconversion. Nutrients 2018; 10:E210. [PMID: 29443928 PMCID: PMC5852786 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesame is an important oilseed crop, which has been used as a traditional health food to ameliorate the prevention of various diseases. We evaluated the changes in the anti-allergic activities of sesame by bioconversion. SDS-PAGE of non-fermented sesame proteins showed major allergen bands, while that of fermented sesame showed only a few protein bands. Additionally, we investigated the effectiveness of fermented sesame by bioconversion in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)- and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced HaCaT cells. In HaCaT cells, fermented sesame inhibited the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), thymus and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Moreover, fermented sesame inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Fermented sesame exerts anti-allergic effects by suppressing the expression of chemokines and cytokines via blockade of NF-κB and STAT1 activation.
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MESH Headings
- Agaricales
- Allergens/adverse effects
- Allergens/analysis
- Allergens/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Chemokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Chemokines/genetics
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Crops, Agricultural/adverse effects
- Crops, Agricultural/chemistry
- Crops, Agricultural/growth & development
- Crops, Agricultural/microbiology
- Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/etiology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/prevention & control
- Fermentation
- Fermented Foods/adverse effects
- Fermented Foods/analysis
- Fermented Foods/microbiology
- Food Handling
- Food Hypersensitivity/etiology
- Food Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Food Hypersensitivity/prevention & control
- Fruiting Bodies, Fungal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Keratinocytes/immunology
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Plant Proteins, Dietary/adverse effects
- Plant Proteins, Dietary/analysis
- Plant Proteins, Dietary/metabolism
- Republic of Korea
- Seeds/adverse effects
- Seeds/chemistry
- Seeds/growth & development
- Seeds/microbiology
- Sesamum/adverse effects
- Sesamum/chemistry
- Sesamum/growth & development
- Sesamum/microbiology
- Shiitake Mushrooms/isolation & purification
- Shiitake Mushrooms/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Dong Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.-D.J.); (S.-I.C.); (S.-H.C.); (B.-Y.C.); (W.-S.S.); (H.-X.)
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.-D.J.); (S.-I.C.); (S.-H.C.); (B.-Y.C.); (W.-S.S.); (H.-X.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.-D.J.); (S.-I.C.); (S.-H.C.); (B.-Y.C.); (W.-S.S.); (H.-X.)
| | - Bong-Yeon Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.-D.J.); (S.-I.C.); (S.-H.C.); (B.-Y.C.); (W.-S.S.); (H.-X.)
| | - Wan-Sup Sim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.-D.J.); (S.-I.C.); (S.-H.C.); (B.-Y.C.); (W.-S.S.); (H.-X.)
| | - Han- Xionggao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.-D.J.); (S.-I.C.); (S.-H.C.); (B.-Y.C.); (W.-S.S.); (H.-X.)
| | - Sang Jong Lee
- STR Biotech Company, LTD., Chuncheon 24232, Korea; or l (S.J.L.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Seon Ju Park
- STR Biotech Company, LTD., Chuncheon 24232, Korea; or l (S.J.L.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Dan-Bi Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea;
| | - Young-Cheul Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Jin-Ha Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.-D.J.); (S.-I.C.); (S.-H.C.); (B.-Y.C.); (W.-S.S.); (H.-X.)
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.-D.J.); (S.-I.C.); (S.-H.C.); (B.-Y.C.); (W.-S.S.); (H.-X.)
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13
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Korte R, Bräcker J, Brockmeyer J. Gastrointestinal digestion of hazelnut allergens on molecular level: Elucidation of degradation kinetics and resistant immunoactive peptides using mass spectrometry. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28677900 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Allergy to hazelnut seeds ranks among the most prevalent food allergies in Europe. The aim of this study was to elucidate the gastrointestinal digestion of hazelnut allergens on molecular level. METHODS AND RESULTS Hazelnut flour was digested in vitro following the Infogest consensus model. For six allergenic proteins, the time-dependent course of digestion was monitored by SDS-PAGE and HPLC-MS/MS, and degradation products were characterized by a bottom-up proteomics approach. Depending on the molecular structure, a specific biochemical fate was observed for each allergen, and degradation kinetics were traced back to the peptide level. 1183 peptides were characterized, including 130 peptides that carry known IgE-binding epitopes and may represent sensitizers for hazelnut allergy. The kinetics of peptide formation and degradation were determined by label-free quantification and follow a complex multi-stage mechanism. CONCLUSION We present a comprehensive survey on the gastrointestinal digestion of a relevant allergenic food on level of the peptidome, including the first systematic characterization and quantification of degradation products. This provides information on the differential resistance of plant food allergens and their structural elements undergoing digestion and forms the basis for a deeper understanding of the molecular principles responsible for sensitization to food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Korte
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Bräcker
- Analytical Food Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Analytical Food Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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14
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Neto JXS, Pereira ML, Oliveira JTA, Rocha-Bezerra LCB, Lopes TDP, Costa HPS, Sousa DOB, Rocha BAM, Grangeiro TB, Freire JEC, Monteiro-Moreira ACO, Lobo MDP, Brilhante RSN, Vasconcelos IM. A Chitin-binding Protein Purified from Moringa oleifera Seeds Presents Anticandidal Activity by Increasing Cell Membrane Permeability and Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Front Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28634471 PMCID: PMC5459921 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species are opportunistic pathogens that infect immunocompromised and/or immunosuppressed patients, particularly in hospital facilities, that besides representing a significant threat to health increase the risk of mortality. Apart from echinocandins and triazoles, which are well tolerated, most of the antifungal drugs used for candidiasis treatment can cause side effects and lead to the development of resistant strains. A promising alternative to the conventional treatments is the use of plant proteins. M. oleifera Lam. is a plant with valuable medicinal properties, including antimicrobial activity. This work aimed to purify a chitin-binding protein from M. oleifera seeds and to evaluate its antifungal properties against Candida species. The purified protein, named Mo-CBP2, represented about 0.2% of the total seed protein and appeared as a single band on native PAGE. By mass spectrometry, Mo-CBP2 presented 13,309 Da. However, by SDS-PAGE, Mo-CBP2 migrated as a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 23,400 Da. Tricine-SDS-PAGE of Mo-CBP2 under reduced conditions revealed two protein bands with apparent molecular masses of 7,900 and 4,600 Da. Altogether, these results suggest that Mo-CBP2 exists in different oligomeric forms. Moreover, Mo-CBP2 is a basic glycoprotein (pI 10.9) with 4.1% (m/m) sugar and it did not display hemagglutinating and hemolytic activities upon rabbit and human erythrocytes. A comparative analysis of the sequence of triptic peptides from Mo-CBP2 in solution, after LC-ESI-MS/MS, revealed similarity with other M. oleifera proteins, as the 2S albumin Mo-CBP3 and flocculating proteins, and 2S albumins from different species. Mo-CBP2 possesses in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis, with MIC50 and MIC90 values ranging between 9.45–37.90 and 155.84–260.29 μM, respectively. In addition, Mo-CBP2 (18.90 μM) increased the cell membrane permeabilization and reactive oxygen species production in C. albicans and promoted degradation of circular plasmid DNA (pUC18) from Escherichia coli. The data presented in this study highlight the potential use of Mo-CBP2 as an anticandidal agent, based on its ability to inhibit Candida spp. growth with apparently low toxicity on mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- João X S Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mirella L Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jose T A Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lady C B Rocha-Bezerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Tiago D P Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Helen P S Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Daniele O B Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruno A M Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - José E C Freire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Marina D P Lobo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, Brazil.,School of Pharmacy, University of FortalezaFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Raimunda S N Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ilka M Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, Brazil
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15
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De Angelis E, Pilolli R, Bavaro SL, Monaci L. Insight into the gastro-duodenal digestion resistance of soybean proteins and potential implications for residual immunogenicity. Food Funct 2017; 8:1599-1610. [PMID: 28294226 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01788f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Soy is an important component of the human diet thanks to its nutritional value and high protein content; however, it also represents a risk for allergenic consumers due to its potential to trigger adverse reactions in sensitized individuals. The putative correlation between immunoreactivity and resistance to the human gastrointestinal (GI) digestion has drawn attention to investigating soybean proteins digestibility. In this work, we provided further insights into this field by performing in vitro simulated GI digestion experiments directly on ground soybean seeds, to provide more realistic results obtained from the digestion of the whole food matrix. Soybean digestion products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by untargeted HPLC-MS/MS analysis and the final data were software treated to enable protein/peptide identification. The latter allowed monitoring the proteolytic degradation of the main soybean proteins during the gastric and duodenal phases. In particular, β-conglycinin and trypsin inhibitors showed the highest resistance to the combined activity of GI enzymes, showing a partial degradation at the end of the duodenal phase as ascertained by the strong electrophoretic bands displayed at 50 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively. Glycinin subunits also presented, even if to a lower extent, resistance to the complete proteolytic degradation, as demonstrated by polypeptide fragments with molecular weight lower than 20 kDa displayed in the gel at the end of duodenal digestion. In addition, by bioinformatics analysis it was demonstrated that the GI resistant fragments of the allergenic proteins, β-conglycinin and glycinin, retained in their primary structure linear epitopes potentially able to trigger an immunoreaction when exposed to the intestinal mucosa. Moreover, such resistant peptides also presented a structural homology with epitope sequences recognized in other legume species, presenting a potential risk of adverse cross-reaction for a larger category of allergic consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta De Angelis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (ISPA-CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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16
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Bøgh KL, Madsen CB. Food Allergens: Is There a Correlation between Stability to Digestion and Allergenicity? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1545-67. [PMID: 25607526 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.779569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is a major health problem in the Western countries, affecting 3-8% of the population. It has not yet been established what makes a dietary protein a food allergen. Several characteristics have been proposed to be shared by food allergens. One of these is resistance to digestion. This paper reviews data from digestibility studies on purified food allergens and evaluates the predictive value of digestibility tests on the allergenic potential. We point out that food allergens do not necessarily resist digestion. We discuss how the choice of in vitro digestibility assay condition and the method used for detection of residual intact protein as well as fragments hereof may greatly influence the outcome as well as the interpretation of results. The finding that digests from food allergens may retain allergenicity, stresses the importance of using immunological assays for evaluating the allergenic potential of food allergen digestion products. Studies assessing the allergenicity of digestion products, by either IgE-binding, elicitation or sensitizing capacity, shows that digestion may abolish, decrease, have no effect, or even increase the allergenicity of food allergens. Therefore, the predictive value of the pepsin resistance test for assessing the allergenic potential of novel proteins can be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Lindholm Bøgh
- a National Food Institute , Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg , Denmark
| | - Charlotte Bernhard Madsen
- a National Food Institute , Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg , Denmark
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17
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Korte R, Happe J, Brümmer I, Brockmeyer J. Structural Characterization of the Allergenic 2S Albumin Cor a 14: Comparing Proteoform Patterns across Hazelnut Cultivars. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:988-998. [PMID: 28112517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hazelnut allergen Cor a 14 belongs to the 2S albumins, a family of heterodimeric seed storage proteins exhibiting a high degree of structural diversity. Given its relevance as an allergen and the potential to elicit severe reactions, elucidation of the sequence heterogeneity of naturally occurring Cor a 14 is essential for the development of reliable diagnostics and risk evaluation. We therefore performed a comprehensive survey on the proteoforms of Cor a 14 and determined their quantitative distribution in three different hazelnut cultivars by a combinatory HPLC-HRMS approach including bottom-up and intact mass analysis. Compared with the Cor a 14 prototype sequence, we identified three sequence polymorphisms, two of the small and one of the large subunit, and elucidated their specific pairing on the protein level. Furthermore, we located a pronounced microheterogeneity on the protein termini and, for the first time, provide data on varying proteoform patterns between different cultivars of an allergenic seed. Together, these data present the basis for a more detailed investigation on the allergenicity of Cor a 14 in different cultivars and constitute, to be best of our knowledge, the largest set of proteoforms so far reported for a 2S albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Korte
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Happe
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ina Brümmer
- Analytical Food Chemistry, University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Analytical Food Chemistry, University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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19
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Conformational stability of digestion-resistant peptides of peanut conglutins reveals the molecular basis of their allergenicity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29249. [PMID: 27377129 PMCID: PMC4932508 DOI: 10.1038/srep29249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conglutins represent the major peanut allergens and are renowned for their resistance to gastro-intestinal digestion. Our aim was to characterize the digestion-resistant peptides (DRPs) of conglutins by biochemical and biophysical methods followed by a molecular dynamics simulation in order to better understand the molecular basis of food protein allergenicity. We have mapped proteolysis sites at the N- and C-termini and at a limited internal segment, while other potential proteolysis sites remained unaffected. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that proteolysis only occurred in the vibrant regions of the proteins. DRPs appeared to be conformationally stable as intact conglutins. Also, the overall secondary structure and IgE-binding potency of DRPs was comparable to that of intact conglutins. The stability of conglutins toward gastro-intestinal digestion, combined with the conformational stability of the resulting DRPs provide conditions for optimal exposure to the intestinal immune system, providing an explanation for the extraordinary allergenicity of peanut conglutins.
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20
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Reitsma M, Bastiaan-Net S, Sforza S, van der Valk JPM, van Gerth van Wijk R, Savelkoul HFJ, de Jong NW, Wichers HJ. Purification and Characterization of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) Allergens Ana o 1, Ana o 2, and Ana o 3. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1191-1201. [PMID: 26769082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study a fast and simple purification procedure for the three known allergens from cashew (7S globulin Ana o 1, 11S globulin Ana o 2, and 2S albumin Ana o 3) is described. The purified allergens are characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blot, glycoprotein stain, and protein identification. The purified proteins still bind IgE, and this IgE binding varied between different pools of patient serum. Ana o 1 was found to be a glycoprotein. Ana o 3 has been studied more in detail to identify both the small and large subunits, both displaying microheterogeneity, and epitope mapping of Ana o 3 has been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma , 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Johanna P M van der Valk
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Allergology, ErasmusMC , 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roy van Gerth van Wijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Allergology, ErasmusMC , 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicolette W de Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Allergology, ErasmusMC , 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Pfeifer S, Bublin M, Dubiela P, Hummel K, Wortmann J, Hofer G, Keller W, Radauer C, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. Cor a 14, the allergenic 2S albumin from hazelnut, is highly thermostable and resistant to gastrointestinal digestion. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2077-86. [PMID: 26178695 PMCID: PMC4973671 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Scope Allergens from nuts frequently induce severe allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. The aim of this study was to elucidate the physicochemical characteristics of natural Cor a 14, the 2S albumin from hazelnut. Methods and results Cor a 14 was purified from raw hazelnuts using a combination of precipitation and chromatographic techniques. The protein was analyzed using gel electrophoresis, MS, and far‐UV circular dichroism (CD) analyses. The immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding of native, heat‐treated, and in vitro digested Cor a 14 was studied. We identified two different Cor a 14 isoforms and showed microclipping at the C‐terminus. CD spectra at room temperature showed the typical characteristics of 2S albumins, and temperatures of more than 80°C were required to start unfolding of Cor a 14 demonstrating its high stability to heat treatment. In vitro digestion experiments revealed that Cor a 14 is resistant to proteolytic degradation. Native and heat‐treated protein was recognized by sera from hazelnut allergic patients. However, denaturation of the allergen led to significantly reduced IgE binding. Conclusion We identified two different isoforms of Cor a 14 displaying high stability under heating and gastric and duodenal conditions. Data from IgE‐binding experiments revealed the existence of both, linear and conformational epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pfeifer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pawel Dubiela
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hummel
- VetCore Facility, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Wortmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Structural Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Structural Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Structural Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Radauer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Hummel M, Wigger T, Höper T, Westkamp I, Brockmeyer J. Simple, Rapid, and Selective Isolation of 2S Albumins from Allergenic Seeds and Nuts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6035-6040. [PMID: 26039672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The 2S albumins belong to the group of seed storage proteins present in different seeds and nuts. Due to their pronounced allergenic potential, which is often associated with severe allergic reactions, this protein family is of special interest in the field of allergen research. Here we present a simple, rapid, and selective method for the purification of 2S albumins directly from allergenic seeds and nuts. We systematically optimized the parameters "buffer system", "extraction temperature", "buffer molarity", and "pH " and were able to achieve 2S albumin purities of about 99% without further purification and demonstrate transferability of this method to nine different allergenic food matrices. Compared to conventional isolation routines, significant reduction of hands-on time and required laboratory equipment is achieved, but nonetheless higher protein yields are obtained. The presented method allows for the rapid purification of different 2S albumins including the corresponding isoforms from natural material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Hummel
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tina Wigger
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tessa Höper
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Imke Westkamp
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
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23
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Freire JEC, Vasconcelos IM, Moreno FBMB, Batista AB, Lobo MDP, Pereira ML, Lima JPMS, Almeida RVM, Sousa AJS, Monteiro-Moreira ACO, Oliveira JTA, Grangeiro TB. Mo-CBP3, an antifungal chitin-binding protein from Moringa oleifera seeds, is a member of the 2S albumin family. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119871. [PMID: 25789746 PMCID: PMC4366206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mo-CBP3 is a chitin-binding protein from M. oleifera seeds that inhibits the germination and mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi. This protein is highly thermostable and resistant to pH changes, and therefore may be useful in the development of new antifungal drugs. However, the relationship of MoCBP3 with the known families of carbohydrate-binding domains has not been established. In the present study, full-length cDNAs encoding 4 isoforms of Mo-CBP3 (Mo-CBP3-1, Mo-CBP3-2, Mo-CBP3-3 and Mo-CBP3-4) were cloned from developing seeds. The polypeptides encoded by the Mo-CBP3 cDNAs were predicted to contain 160 (Mo-CBP3-3) and 163 amino acid residues (Mo-CBP3-1, Mo-CBP3-2 and Mo-CBP3-4) with a signal peptide of 20-residues at the N-terminal region. A comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that Mo-CBP3 is a typical member of the 2S albumin family, as shown by the presence of an eight-cysteine motif, which is a characteristic feature of the prolamin superfamily. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that Mo-CBP3 is a mixture of isoforms that correspond to different mRNA products. The identification of Mo-CBP3 as a genuine member of the 2S albumin family reinforces the hypothesis that these seed storage proteins are involved in plant defense. Moreover, the chitin-binding ability of Mo-CBP3 reveals a novel functionality for a typical 2S albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E. C. Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ilka M. Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Adelina B. Batista
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marina D. P. Lobo
- Núcleo de Biologia Experimental, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mirella L. Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - João P. M. S. Lima
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT-RN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo V. M. Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT-RN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Antônio J. S. Sousa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - José T. A. Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thalles B. Grangeiro
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Hummel M, Wigger T, Brockmeyer J. Characterization of Mustard 2S Albumin Allergens by Bottom-up, Middle-down, and Top-down Proteomics: A Consensus Set of Isoforms of Sin a 1. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1547-56. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5012262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Hummel
- Department
of Chemistry,
Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tina Wigger
- Department
of Chemistry,
Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Department
of Chemistry,
Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
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25
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Monaci L, Pilolli R, De Angelis E, Mamone G. Mass Spectrometry in Food Allergen Research. ADVANCED MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63340-8.00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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27
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Hayat I, Ahmad A, Masud T, Ahmed A, Bashir S. Nutritional and health perspectives of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): an overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:580-92. [PMID: 24261533 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.596639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Beans, the variants of Phaseolus vulagris, are nutritionally and economically important food crop in each part of the world. Besides providing nutrients such as multifaceted carbohydrates, elevated proteins, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins, these also contain rich variety of polyphenolic compounds with prospective health benefits. This review mainly focuses the important nutritional aspects of beans as well as their contribution in decreasing the risks of chronically degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Hayat
- a Department of Food Technology , University of Poonch Rawalakot 12350 , Azad Kashmir , Pakistan
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28
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Mattison CP, Grimm CC, Wasserman RL. In vitro digestion of soluble cashew proteins and characterization of surviving IgE-reactive peptides. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:884-93. [PMID: 24311529 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The stability of food allergens to digestion varies. We characterized the stability of cashew allergens to digestion by pepsin and trypsin and identified IgE-binding epitopes that survive digestion. METHODS AND RESULTS The ability of pepsin and trypsin to digest cashew allergens was assessed with an in vitro digestion model. Samples were evaluated by SDS-PAGE, MS, ELISA, and immunoblotting to compare IgE binding. Increasing amount of protease resulted in greater degradation of higher molecular weight cashew proteins. Among cashew proteins, the 2S albumin, Ana o 3, was most resistant to digestion by both pepsin and trypsin. MS identified digestion resistant Ana o 3 protein fragments that retained reported IgE-binding epitopes. Pretreatment of extracts or purified Ana o 3 with reducing agent increased the sensitivity of Ana o 3 to protease digestion. Circular dichroism revealed the structure of purified Ana o 3 was largely alphahelical and was disrupted following reduction. Ana o 3 reduction followed by protease digestion decreased binding of serum IgE from cashew allergic patients. Our results indicate that the Ana o 3 disulfide bond dependent structure protects the protein from proteolysis. CONCLUSION Ana o 3 is the cashew allergen most likely to survive gastrointestinal digestion intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Mattison
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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29
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Picariello G, Mamone G, Nitride C, Addeo F, Ferranti P. Protein digestomics: Integrated platforms to study food-protein digestion and derived functional and active peptides. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Thermal processing, salt and high pressure treatment effects on molecular structure and antigenicity of sesame protein isolate. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Lepski S, Brockmeyer J. Impact of dietary factors and food processing on food allergy. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 57:145-52. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Lepski
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Muenster; Münster Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Muenster; Münster Germany
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32
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Cabanillas B, Cheng H, Grimm CC, Hurlburt BK, Rodríguez J, Crespo JF, Maleki SJ. Pine nut allergy: clinical features and major allergens characterization. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1884-93. [PMID: 23081934 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aims of this study were to evaluate IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to pine nut with details of clinical reactions and to characterize major pine nut allergens. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included ten consecutive teenagers and adults diagnosed with IgE-mediated clinical allergy to pine nut. Two major pine nut allergens were purified and identified and the secondary structures and susceptibility to digestion were characterized. Severe reactions represent 80% of allergic reactions to pine nut in this study. Moreover, 70% of the patients were monosensitized to this nut. Two major allergens with molecular weights of 6 and 50 kDa were purified and identified as albumin and vicilin, respectively. The 6 kDa protein (albumin), rich in α-helix content, was far more stable to peptic and tryptic digestion as compared with 50 kDa protein (vicilin), which was quickly broken down. The secondary structure of the purified 50 kDa protein showed 41% β-sheet, 5% α-helix, and 54% random coil and/or loops. CONCLUSION Eighty percent of allergic reactions to pine nut in the ten patients included in this study were severe. Most patients (70%) were monosensitized to this nut. Two major allergens with molecular weights of 6 and 50 kDa were purified and identified as albumin and vicilin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cabanillas
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.
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33
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Sirvent S, Palomares O, Cuesta-Herranz J, Villalba M, Rodríguez R. Analysis of the structural and immunological stability of 2S albumin, nonspecific lipid transfer protein, and profilin allergens from mustard seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6011-6018. [PMID: 22594937 DOI: 10.1021/jf300555h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the resistance to proteolysis and heating of the yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) allergens Sin a 1 (2S albumin), Sin a 3 (nonspecific lipid transfer protein, LTP), and Sin a 4 (profilin) to explain their potential capability to induce primary sensitization at the gastrointestinal level. Sin a 1 and Sin a 3 resisted gastric digestion showing no reduction of the IgE reactivity. Intestinal digestion of Sin a 1 and Sin a 3 produced a limited proteolysis but retained significant IgE-binding reactivity. Sin a 1 was stable after heating, and although Sin a 3 was modified, most of its structure was recovered after cooling back. These two allergens would be therefore able to sensitize by ingestion. Sin a 4 was completely digested by gastric treatment and its conformational structure markedly modified at 85 °C. Thus, this allergen can be described as a nonsensitizing mustard allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Sirvent
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Zoumpoulakis P, Sinanoglou VJ, Batrinou A, Strati IF, Miniadis-Meimaroglou S, Sflomos K. A combined methodology to detect γ-irradiated white sesame seeds and evaluate the effects on fat content, physicochemical properties and protein allergenicity. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Resistance of purified seed storage proteins from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to proteolytic digestive enzymes. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Picariello G, Mamone G, Addeo F, Ferranti P. The frontiers of mass spectrometry-based techniques in food allergenomics. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7386-98. [PMID: 21737089 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last years proteomic science has started to provide an important contribution to the disclosure of basic aspects of food-related diseases. Among these, the identification of proteins involved in food allergy and their mechanism of activation of toxicity. Elucidation of these key issues requires the integration of clinical, immunological, genomic and proteomic approaches. These combined research efforts are aimed to obtain structural and functional information to assist the development of novel, more reliable and powerful diagnostic protocols alternative to the currently available procedures, mainly based on food challenge tests. Another crucial aspect related to food allergy is the need for methods to detect trace amounts of allergenic proteins in foods. Mass spectrometry is the only non-immunological method for high-specificity and high-sensitivity detection of allergens in foods. Nowadays, once provided the appropriate sample handling and the correct operative conditions, qualitative and quantitative determination of allergens in foods and ingredients can be efficiently obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS methods, with limits of detection and quantification in the low-ppb range. The availability of accurate and fast alternatives to immunological ELISA tests may also enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies and food processing technologies to aid patients with food allergy or intolerance, and to support allergen labelling and certification processes, all issues where the role of proteomic science is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Picariello
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione (ISA) - CNR, Via Roma 52 A/C, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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37
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Sharma GM, Irsigler A, Dhanarajan P, Ayuso R, Bardina L, Sampson HA, Roux KH, Sathe SK. Cloning and characterization of 2S albumin, Car i 1, a major allergen in pecan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4130-4139. [PMID: 21395309 DOI: 10.1021/jf104319d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although pecans are associated with IgE-mediated food allergies, the allergens responsible remain to be identified and characterized. The 2S albumin gene was amplified from the pecan cDNA library. Dot-blots were used to screen the recombinant protein with pecan allergic patients' serum. The affinity purified native protein was analyzed by Edman sequencing and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. Cross-reactivity with walnut was determined by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sequential epitopes were determined by probing the overlapping peptides with three different patients' serum pool. The 3-dimensional homology model was generated, and the locations of the pecan epitopes were compared with those of known sequential epitopes on other allergenic tree nut homologues. Of 28 patients tested by dot-blot, 22 (79%) bound to 2S albumin, designated as Car i 1. Edman sequencing and the MS/MS sequencing of native 2S albumin confirmed the identity of recombinant (r) Car i 1. Both pecan and walnut protein extracts inhibited the IgE-binding to rCar i 1. Sequential epitope mapping indicated weak, moderate, and strong reactivity against 12, 7, and 5 peptides, respectively. Of the 11 peptides recognized by all serum pools, 5 peptides were strongly reactive and located in 3 discrete regions of the Car i 1 (amino acids 43-57, 67-78, and 106-120). Three-dimensional modeling revealed IgE-reactive epitopes to be solvent accessible and share significant homology with other tree nuts providing a possible basis for previously observed cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girdhari M Sharma
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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Martos G, Lopez-Exposito I, Bencharitiwong R, Berin MC, Nowak-Węgrzyn A. Mechanisms underlying differential food allergy response to heated egg. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:990-7.e1-2. [PMID: 21377717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg white proteins are usually subjected to heating, making them edible for the majority of children with egg allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the reduced allergenicity displayed by heat-treated egg white allergens. METHODS C3H/HeJ mice were orally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) or ovomucoid and challenged with native or heated proteins to evaluate their allergenicity. Immunoreactivity was assessed by immunoblotting using sera from children with egg allergy. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of native and heated OVA and ovomucoid was studied by SDS-PAGE and liquid chromatography. Intestinal uptake of intact native and heated OVA and ovomucoid by human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells was investigated. Rat basophil leukemia cells passively sensitized with mouse serum and human basophils passively sensitized with serum from children with egg allergy were used to assess the effector cell activation by heated, digested, and transported OVA and ovomucoid. RESULTS Heated OVA and ovomucoid did not induce symptoms of anaphylaxis in sensitized mice when administered orally. Heating did not completely destroy IgE-binding capacity of OVA or ovomucoid but enhanced in vitro digestibility of OVA. Digestion of both OVA and ovomucoid diminished mediator release in rat basophil leukemia assay and basophil activation. Heating of allergens prevented transport across human intestinal epithelial cells in a form capable of triggering basophil activation or T-cell activation. CONCLUSION Heat treatment reduces allergenicity of OVA and ovomucoid. This is partially a result of the enhanced gastrointestinal digestibility of heated OVA and the inability of heated OVA or ovomucoid to be absorbed in a form capable of triggering basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Martos
- Department of Pediatrics and Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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39
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Fæste CK, Rønning HT, Christians U, Granum PE. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry in food allergen detection. J Food Prot 2011; 74:316-45. [PMID: 21333155 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is an important issue in the field of food safety because of the hazards for affected persons and the hygiene requirements and legal regulations imposed on the food industry. Consumer protection and law enforcement require suitable analytical techniques for the detection of allergens in foods. Immunological methods are currently preferred; however, confirmatory alternatives are needed. The determination of allergenic proteins by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry has greatly advanced in recent years, and gel-free allergenomics is becoming a routinely used approach for the identification and quantitation of food allergens. The present review provides a brief overview of the principles of proteomic procedures, various chromatographic set ups, and mass spectrometry instrumentation used in allergenomics. A compendium of published liquid chromatography methods, proteomic analyses, typical marker peptides, and quantitative assays for 14 main allergy-causing foods is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Kruse Fæste
- Section of Chemistry, Department of Feed and Food Safety, National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, Oslo N-0106, Norway.
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Dreon MS, Ituarte S, Heras H. The role of the proteinase inhibitor ovorubin in apple snail eggs resembles plant embryo defense against predation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15059. [PMID: 21151935 PMCID: PMC2997075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fieldwork has thoroughly established that most eggs are intensely predated. Among the few exceptions are the aerial egg clutches from the aquatic snail Pomacea canaliculata which have virtually no predators. Its defenses are advertised by the pigmented ovorubin perivitellin providing a conspicuous reddish coloration. The nature of the defense however, was not clear, except for a screening for defenses that identified a neurotoxic perivitellin with lethal effect on rodents. Ovorubin is a proteinase inhibitor (PI) whose role to protect against pathogens was taken for granted, according to the prevailing assumption. Through biochemical, biophysical and feeding experiments we studied the proteinase inhibitor function of ovorubin in egg defenses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mass spectrometry sequencing indicated ovorubin belongs to the Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor family. It specifically binds trypsin as determined by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cross-linking studies but, in contrast to the classical assumption, it does not prevent bacterial growth. Ovorubin was found extremely resistant to in vitro gastrointestinal proteolysis. Moreover feeding studies showed that ovorubin ingestion diminishes growth rate in rats indicating that this highly stable PI is capable of surviving passage through the gastrointestinal tract in a biologically active form. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence of the interaction of an egg PI with a digestive protease of potential predators, limiting predator's ability to digest egg nutrients. This role has not been reported in the animal kingdom but it is similar to plant defenses against herbivory. Further, this would be the only defense model with no trade-offs between conspicuousness and noxiousness by encoding into the same molecule both the aposematic warning signal and an antinutritive/antidigestive defense. These defenses, combined with a neurotoxin and probably unpalatable factors would explain the near absence of predators, opening new perspectives in the study of the evolution and ecology of egg defensive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Sebastián Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Santiago Ituarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Development and validation of a sandwich ELISA for the determination of potentially allergenic sesame (Sesamum indicum) in food. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:1735-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Scientific Opinion on the assessment of allergenicity of GM plants and microorganisms and derived food and feed. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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43
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Pali-Schöll I, Herzog R, Wallmann J, Szalai K, Brunner R, Lukschal A, Karagiannis P, Diesner SC, Jensen-Jarolim E. Antacids and dietary supplements with an influence on the gastric pH increase the risk for food sensitization. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:1091-8. [PMID: 20214670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevation of the gastric pH increases the risk for sensitization against food allergens by hindering protein breakdown. This can be caused by acid-suppressing medication like sucralphate, H2-receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors, as shown in recent murine experimental and human observational studies. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess the sensitization capacity of the dietary supplement base powder and of over-the-counter antacids. METHODS Changes of the pH as well as of protein digestion due to base powder or antacids were measured in vitro. To examine the in vivo influence, BALB/c mice were fed codfish extract with one of the acid-suppressing substances. Read-out of antibody levels in the sera, of cytokine levels of stimulated splenocytes and of intradermal skin tests was performed. RESULTS The pH of hydrochloric acid was substantially increased in vitro by base powder as well as antacids in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This elevation hindered the digestion of codfish proteins in vitro. A significant increase in codfish-specific IgE antibodies was found in the groups fed codfish combined with Rennie Antacidum or with base powder; the latter also showed significantly elevated IgG1 and IgG2a levels. The induction of an anaphylactic immune response was proven by positive results in intradermal skin tests. CONCLUSIONS Antacids and dietary supplements influencing the gastric pH increase the risk for sensitization against allergenic food proteins. As these substances are commonly used in the general population without consulting a physician, our data may have a major practical and clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pali-Schöll
- IPP-Department of Pathophysiology, Centre of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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44
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Phaseolin diversity as a possible strategy to improve the nutritional value of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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A multidisciplinary study of archaeological grape seeds. Naturwissenschaften 2009; 97:205-17. [PMID: 20033124 PMCID: PMC2812422 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-009-0629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report here the first integrated investigation of both ancient DNA and proteins in archaeobotanical samples: medieval grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seeds, preserved by anoxic waterlogging, from an early medieval (seventh–eighth century A.D.) Byzantine rural settlement in the Salento area (Lecce, Italy) and a late (fourteenth–fifteenth century A.D.) medieval site in York (England). Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry documented good carbohydrate preservation, whilst amino acid analysis revealed approximately 90% loss of the original protein content. In the York sample, mass spectrometry-based sequencing identified several degraded ancient peptides. Nuclear microsatellite locus (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, ZAG62 and ZAG79) analysis permitted a tentative comparison of the genetic profiles of both the ancient samples with the modern varieties. The ability to recover microsatellite DNA has potential to improve biomolecular analysis on ancient grape seeds from archaeological contexts. Although the investigation of five microsatellite loci cannot assign the ancient samples to any geographic region or modern cultivar, the results allow speculation that the material from York was not grown locally, whilst the remains from Supersano could represent a trace of contacts with the eastern Mediterranean.
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Harrer A, Egger M, Gadermaier G, Erler A, Hauser M, Ferreira F, Himly M. Characterization of plant food allergens: An overview on physicochemical and immunological techniques. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 54:93-112. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Mills ENC, Sancho AI, Rigby NM, Jenkins JA, Mackie AR. Impact of food processing on the structural and allergenic properties of food allergens. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:963-9. [PMID: 19603402 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews recent studies that address one of the major unanswered questions in food allergy research: what attributes of food or food proteins contribute to or enhance food allergenicity?
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Clare Mills
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Norwich, NR4 7UA UK.
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Abstract
Food allergies are on the rise in Western countries. With the food allergen labeling requirements in the US and EU, there is an interest in learning how food processing affects food allergens. Numerous foods are processed in different ways at home, in institutional settings, and in industry. Depending on the processing method and the food, partial or complete removal of the offending allergen may be possible as illustrated by reduction of peanut allergen in vitro IgE immunoreactivity upon soaking and blanching treatments. When the allergen is discretely located in a food, one may physically separate and remove it from the food. For example, lye peeling has been reported to produce hypoallergenic peach nectar. Protein denaturation and/or hydrolysis during food processing can be used to produce hypoallergenic products. This paper provides a short overview of basic principles of food processing followed by examples of their effects on food allergen stability. Reviewed literature suggests assessment of processing effects on clinically relevant reactivity of food allergens is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar K Sathe
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1493, USA.
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49
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Corzo-Martínez M, Lebrón-Aguilar R, Villamiel M, Quintanilla-López JE, Moreno FJ. Application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the characterization of galactosylated and tagatosylated beta-lactoglobulin peptides derived from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7205-12. [PMID: 19747681 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a comprehensive characterization of bovine beta-lactoglobulin peptides glycated with an aldohexose (galactose) or a ketohexose (tagatose), derived from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, by liquid chromatography coupled to positive electrospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. In addition to the dissociation pathway previously described for aldohexoses-derived Amadori compounds, i.e. formation of the pyrylium ([M+H](+)-54) and furylium ions ([M+H](+)-84) via the oxonium ion ([M+H](+)-18), another and more direct fragmentation route involving the formation of the imminium ion ([M+H](+)-150) is also reported following extensive glycation rates of beta-lactoglobulin with both carbohydrates. These results indicated that the analysis of digested proteins by LC-ESI-MS(2) on a three-dimensional ion trap monitoring neutral losses is an efficient and direct method to identify peptides glycated not only through the Amadori rearrangement but also via the Heyns rearrangement. Nevertheless, as the predominating MS(2) fragmentation pattern of the glycated peptides is derived from the sugar moiety, the sequence-informative b- and y-ions resulting from peptide backbone cleavage were undetected. To overcome this drawback, and taking advantage of multi-stage fragmentation capabilities of ion traps, the indicative Amadori and Heyns-derived imminium ions were successfully used in MS(3) analyses to identify the peptide backbone, as well as the specific glycation site. In addition, further MS(4) analyses were needed to carry out the characterization of doubly glycated peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Corzo-Martínez
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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50
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Dreon MS, Ituarte S, Ceolín M, Heras H. Global shape and pH stability of ovorubin, an oligomeric protein from the eggs of Pomacea canaliculata. FEBS J 2008; 275:4522-30. [PMID: 18673387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos S Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata INIBIOLP, CONICET-UNLP, Argentina
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