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Liu J, Kumar S, Heinzel A, Gao M, Guo J, Alvarado GF, Reindl-Schwaighofer R, Krautzberger AM, Cippà PE, McMahon J, Oberbauer R, McMahon AP. Renoprotective and Immunomodulatory Effects of GDF15 following AKI Invoked by Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:701-715. [PMID: 32034106 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019090876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gdf15 encodes a TGF-β superfamily member that is rapidly activated in response to stress in multiple organ systems, including the kidney. However, there has been a lack of information about Gdf15 activity and effects in normal kidney and in AKI. METHODS We used genome editing to generate a Gdf15 nuGFP-CE mouse line, removing Gdf15 at the targeted allele, and enabling direct visualization and genetic modification of Gdf15-expressing cells. We extensively mapped Gdf15 expression in the normal kidney and following bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and quantified and compared renal responses to ischemia-reperfusion injury in the presence and absence of GDF15. In addition, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism association data for GDF15 for associations with patient kidney transplant outcomes. RESULTS Gdf15 is normally expressed within aquaporin 1-positive cells of the S3 segment of the proximal tubule, aquaporin 1-negative cells of the thin descending limb of the loop of Henle, and principal cells of the collecting system. Gdf15 is rapidly upregulated within a few hours of bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury at these sites and new sites of proximal tubule injury. Deficiency of Gdf15 exacerbated acute tubular injury and enhanced inflammatory responses. Analysis of clinical transplantation data linked low circulating levels of GDF15 to an increased incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection. CONCLUSIONS Gdf15 contributes to an early acting, renoprotective injury response, modifying immune cell actions. The data support further investigation in clinical model systems of the potential benefit from GDF15 administration in situations in which some level of tubular injury is inevitable, such as following a kidney transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andreas Heinzel
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregory F Alvarado
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roman Reindl-Schwaighofer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Michaela Krautzberger
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Evotec International GmbH, Göttingen, Germany; and
| | - Pietro E Cippà
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Division of Nephrology, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jill McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
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Dar MA, Islam A, Hassan MI, Ahmad F. Effect of mammalian kidney osmolytes on the folding pathway of sheep serum albumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:625-634. [PMID: 28119187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we had published that urea-induced denaturation curves of optical properties of sheep serum albumin (SSA) are biphasic with a stable intermediate that has characteristics of molten globule (MG) state. In this study, we have extended the work by carrying out urea- and guanidinium chloride (GdmCl)-induced denaturations of SSA in the presence of naturally occurring mammalian kidney osmolytes, namely, sorbitol, myo-inositol and glycine betaine. We have observed that all these osmolytes (i) transform this biphasic transition into a co-operative, two-state transition and (ii) increase the stability of the protein in terms of midpoint of denaturation (Cm) and Gibbs free energy change in the absence of both denaturants (ΔGD0). The relative effectiveness of different osmolytes on the stability of SSA follows the order: glycine betaine>myo-inositol>sorbitol. In this paper, we also report that kidney osmolytes destabilize MG state by shifting the equilibrium, native state↔MG state toward the left. This study will be helpful in understanding the existence of osmolytes in kidney and their role in folding of kidney proteins soaked with urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aasif Dar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Brocker C, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. The role of hyperosmotic stress in inflammation and disease. Biomol Concepts 2012; 3:345-364. [PMID: 22977648 PMCID: PMC3438915 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2012-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stress is an often overlooked process that potentially contributes to a number of human diseases. Whereas renal hyperosmolarity is a well-studied phenomenon, recent research provides evidence that many non-renal tissues routinely experience hyperosmotic stress that may contribute significantly to disease initiation and progression. Moreover, a growing body of evidence implicates hyperosmotic stress as a potent inflammatory stimulus by triggering proinflammatory cytokine release and inflammation. Under physiological conditions, the urine concentrating mechanism within the inner medullary region of the mammalian kidney exposes cells to high extracellular osmolarity. As such, renal cells have developed many adaptive strategies to compensate for increased osmolarity. Hyperosmotic stress is linked to many maladies, including acute and chronic, as well as local and systemic, inflammatory disorders. Hyperosmolarity triggers cell shrinkage, oxidative stress, protein carbonylation, mitochondrial depolarization, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest, thus rendering cells susceptible to apoptosis. However, many adaptive mechanisms exist to counter the deleterious effects of hyperosmotic stress, including cytoskeletal rearrangement and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, transporters, and heat shock proteins. Osmolyte synthesis is also up-regulated and many of these compounds have been shown to reduce inflammation. The cytoprotective mechanisms and associated regulatory pathways that accompany the renal response to hyperosmolarity are found in many non-renal tissues, suggesting cells are commonly confronted with hyperosmotic conditions. Osmoadaptation allows cells to survive and function under potentially cytotoxic conditions. This review covers the pathological consequences of hyperosmotic stress in relation to disease and emphasizes the importance of considering hyperosmolarity in inflammation and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Brocker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Wu Z, Wang L, Hou S. Alpha B-crystallin improved survival of retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of acute ocular hypertension. Neural Regen Res 2012; 7:1493-7. [PMID: 25657685 PMCID: PMC4308781 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.19.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased endogenous αB-crystallin protein levels have been shown to reduce cell apoptosis, although the effects of exogenous αB-crystallin protein remain poorly understood. The present study established an acute ocular hypertension model in the right eye of Sprague-Dawley rats. Fluorogold retrograde tracing and immunofluorescence methods showed that the number of retinal ganglion cells decreased in the right eyes and caspase-3 expression increased following acute ocular hypertension. Intravitreal injection of αB-crystallin in the right eye increased the number of retinal ganglion cells and reduced caspase-3 expression. Results demonstrated that exogenous αB-crystallin protein inhibited caspase-3 expression and improved retinal ganglion cell survival following acute ocular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Layi Wang
- Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shike Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China
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Jagadapillai R, Chen J, Canales L, Birtles T, Pisano MM, Neal RE. Developmental cigarette smoke exposure: kidney proteome profile alterations in low birth weight pups. Toxicology 2012; 299:80-9. [PMID: 22595367 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Brenner hypothesis states that a congenital reduction in nephron number predisposes to adult-onset hypertension and renal failure. The reduction in nephron number induced by proportionally smaller kidney mass may predispose offspring to glomerular hyperfiltration with maturity onset obesity. Developmental cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) results in intrauterine growth retardation with a predisposition to obesity and cardiovascular disease at maturity. Utilizing a mouse model of 'active' developmental CSE (gestational day [GD] 1-postnatal day [PD] 21; cotinine>50 ng/mL) characterized by persistently smaller offspring with proportionally decreased kidney mass, the present study examined the impact of developmental CSE on the abundance of proteins associated with cellular metabolism in the kidney. Following cessation of CSE on PD21, kidney tissue was collected from CSE and Sham exposed pups for 2D-SDS-PAGE based proteome profiling with statistical analysis by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with affected molecular pathways identified by ingenuity pathway analysis. Proteins whose expression in the kidney were affected by developmental CSE belonged to the inflammatory disease, cell to cell signaling/interaction, lipid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, cell cycle, respiratory disease, nucleic acid and carbohydrate metabolism networks. The present findings indicate that developmental CSE alters the kidney proteome. The companion paper details the liver proteome alterations in the same offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Craniofacial Biology, ULSD, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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