1
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Dallinger R. Metals and metallothionein evolution in snails: a contribution to the concept of metal-specific functionality from an animal model group. Biometals 2024; 37:671-696. [PMID: 38416244 PMCID: PMC11101346 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This is a critical review of what we know so far about the evolution of metallothioneins (MTs) in Gastropoda (snails, whelks, limpets and slugs), an important class of molluscs with over 90,000 known species. Particular attention will be paid to the evolution of snail MTs in relation to the role of some metallic trace elements (cadmium, zinc and copper) and their interaction with MTs, also compared to MTs from other animal phyla. The article also highlights the important distinction, yet close relationship, between the structural and metal-selective binding properties of gastropod MTs and their physiological functionality in the living organism. It appears that in the course of the evolution of Gastropoda, the trace metal cadmium (Cd) must have played an essential role in the development of Cd-selective MT variants. It is shown how the structures and Cd-selective binding properties in the basal gastropod clades have evolved by testing and optimizing different combinations of ancestral and novel MT domains, and how some of these domains have become established in modern and recent gastropod clades. In this context, the question of how adaptation to new habitats and lifestyles has affected the original MT traits in different gastropod lineages will also be addressed. The 3D structures and their metal binding preferences will be highlighted exemplarily in MTs of modern littorinid and helicid snails. Finally, the importance of the different metal requirements and pathways in snail tissues and cells for the shaping and functionality of the respective MT isoforms will be shown.
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2
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Ji R, Guan L, Hu Z, Cheng Y, Cai M, Zhao G, Zang J. A comprehensive review on hemocyanin from marine products: Structure, functions, its implications for the food industry and beyond. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132041. [PMID: 38705315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Hemocyanin, an oxygen-transport protein, is widely distributed in the hemolymph of marine arthropods and mollusks, playing an important role in their physiological processes. Recently, hemocyanin has been recognized as a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in the immunological responses of aquatic invertebrates. Consequently, the link between hemocyanin functions and their potential applications has garnered increased attention. This review offers an integrated overview of hemocyanin's structure, physicochemical characteristics, and bioactivities to further promote the utilization of hemocyanin derived from marine products. Specifically, we review its implication in two aspects of food and aquaculture industries: quality and health. Hemocyanin's inducible phenoloxidase activity is thought to be an inducer of melanosis in crustaceans. New anti-melanosis agents targeted to hemocyanin need to be explored. The red-color change observed in shrimp shells is related to hemocyanin, affecting consumer preferences. Hemocyanin's adaptive modification in response to the aquatic environment is available as a biomarker. Additionally, hemocyanin is endowed with bioactivities encompassing anti-microbial, antiviral, and therapeutic activities. Hemocyanin is also a novel allergen and its allergenic features remain incompletely characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Leying Guan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yishen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng Cai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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3
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Li Y, Lv J, Sun D, Guo J, Liu P, Gao B. Characterization of a pseudohemocyanin gene (PtPhc1) and its immunity function in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109435. [PMID: 38336144 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Pseudohemocyanin is a member of the hemocyanin superfamily, but little research is available on its function in immunology. In this study, a Portunus trituberculatus pseudohemocyanin gene, named PtPhc1, was obtained by gene cloning. The PtPhc1 cDNA was 2312 bp in length, encoding 684 amino acids while exhibiting a characteristic hemocyanin structural domain. Tissue expression analysis revealed ubiquitous expression of PtPhc1 across all tissues, with the highest level of expression observed in the hepatopancreas. The expression pattern of PtPhc1 in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection was clarified using RT-qPCR in swimming crabs. Notably, the expression peaked at 24 h, and increased 1435-fold compared to the control group in the hepatopancreas. While the expression level reached the maximum value at 72 h, which was 3.24 times higher than that of the control group in hemocytes. Remarkably, the reduction in PtPhc1 expression led to a noteworthy 30% increase in the mortality rate of P. trituberculatus when exposed to V. parahaemolyticus. In addition, in vitro bacterial inhibition assays exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of bacterial proliferation by recombinant PtPhc1 protein, with a notable inhibition rate of 48.33% against V. parahaemolyticus at a concentration of 0.03 mg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the results establish the function of pseudohaemocyanin in immunity for the first time, contributing to a deeper comprehension of innate immune regulatory mechanisms in aquatic organisms and advancing strategies for disease-resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianjian Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dongfang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junyang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ping Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Baoquan Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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4
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Li J, Zhao M, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Yao D, Yang S, Chen T, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ. The evolutionary adaptation of shrimp hemocyanin subtypes and the consequences on their structure and functions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109347. [PMID: 38160900 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is the main respiratory protein of arthropods and is formed by hexameric and/or oligomeric subunits. Due to changes in the living environment and gene rearrangement, various hemocyanin subtypes and subunits evolved in crustaceans. This paper reviews the various hemocyanin subtypes and isoforms in shrimp and analyses published genomic data of sixteen hemocyanin family genes from Litopenaeus vannamei to explore the evolution of hemocyanin genes, subunits, and protein structure. Analysis of hemocyanin subtypes distribution and structure in various tissues was also performed and related to multiple and tissue-specific functions, i.e., immunological activity, immune signaling, phenoloxidase activity, modulation of microbiota homeostasis, and energy metabolism. The functional diversity of shrimp hemocyanin due to molecular polymorphism, transcriptional regulation, alternative splicing, degradation into functional peptides, interaction with other proteins or genes, and structural differences will also be highlighted for future research. Inferences would be drawn from other crustaceans to explain how evolution has changed the structure-function of hemocyanin and its implication for evolutionary research into the multifunctionality of hemocyanin and other related proteins in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Jeyachandran S, Chellapandian H, Park K, Kwak IS. Exploring the Antimicrobial Potential and Biofilm Inhibitory Properties of Hemocyanin from Hemifusus pugilinus (Born, 1778). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11494. [PMID: 37511256 PMCID: PMC10380319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The seafood industry plays a huge role in the blue economy, exploiting the advantage of the enriched protein content of marine organisms such as shrimps and molluscs, which are cultured in aquafarms. Diseases greatly affect these aquatic organisms in culture and, hence, there is need to study, in detail, their innate immune mechanisms. Hemocyanin is a non-specific innate defense molecule present in the blood cells of several invertebrates, especially molluscs, arthropods, and annelids. It is concerned with oxygen transport, blood clotting, and immune enhancement. In the present study, this macromolecular metalloprotein was isolated from the hemolymph of the marine snail Hemifusus pugilinus (Born, 1778) using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration column chromatography. It occurred as a single band (MW 80 kDa) on SDS-PAGE. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the purified hemocyanin showed a single peak with a retention time of 4.3 min. The secondary structure and stability of the protein were detected using circular dichroism (CD), and the spectra demonstrated negative ellipticity bands close to 208 nm and 225 nm, indicating β-sheets. Further exploration of the purified hemocyanin revealed remarkable antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris) at a concentration of 1-5 μg/mL. Spectrophotometric and in situ microscopic analyses (CLSM) unveiled the potential of the purified hemocyanin to inhibit biofilm formation in these bacteria with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 40 μg/mL. Furthermore, H. pugilinus hemocyanin (10 μg/mL concentration) displayed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. The purified hemocyanin was also assessed for cytotoxicity against human cancer cells using cell viability assays. Altogether, the present study shows that molluscan hemocyanin is a potential antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antifungal, anticancer, and immunomodulatory agent, with great scope for application in the enhancement of the immune system of molluscs, thereby facilitating their aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakamavalli Jeyachandran
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hethesh Chellapandian
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
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6
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Dilna C, Prasanth GK, Ghufran MS, Soni P, Kanade SR, Duddukuri GR. Purification and characterization of a hemocyanin with lectin-like activity isolated from the hemolymph of speckled shrimp, Metapenaeusmonoceros. Biochimie 2023; 206:36-48. [PMID: 36216224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lectins or agglutinins are mainly proteins or glycoproteins, reported to uphold an ability to agglutinate the red blood cells (RBCs) with a known sugar specificity in a diverse group of organisms. In the present study, we purified a hemocyanin (named as MmHc) from a shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros by size-exclusion chromatography. Further characterization revealed that the purified MmHc showed hemagglutination activity that was found to be specifically inhibited by Lewis B and Lewis Y tetrasaccharides. The MmHc displayed two oligomers of molecular weight approximately ∼78 and ∼85 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The native molecular mass of MmHc was found to be ∼457 kDa as determined by size-exclusion chromatography which indicated that the purified MmHc is an oligomeric protein. MmHc showed a maximum activity within pH 7.0-8.0, while a wide range of temperature stability was observed between 4 to 55 °C, however, it did not show any dependency on metal ions for binding. Subsequently, the analysis of the peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) identified the purified MmHc as shrimp hemocyanin showing significant similarity to the hemocyanin of Penaeus vannamei. The results of multiple sequence alignment and detailed analysis of the molecular interactions predicted by AutoDock suggested that besides the oxygen carrier function, this MmHc may have multiple roles and can interact well with the Lewis Y antigen through a typical sugar binding motif containing the similar hydrophilic amino acids as the conserved residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dilna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Ganesh K Prasanth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Md Sajid Ghufran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Priyanka Soni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India.
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7
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Petrova M, Vlahova Z, Schröder M, Todorova J, Tzintzarov A, Gospodinov A, Velkova L, Kaynarov D, Dolashki A, Dolashka P, Ugrinova I. Antitumor Activity of Bioactive Compounds from Rapana venosa against Human Breast Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:181. [PMID: 37259331 PMCID: PMC9959655 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is the first report describing the promising antitumor activity of biologically active compounds isolated from the hemolymph of marine snail Rapana venosa-a fraction with Mw between 50 and 100 kDa and two structural subunits (RvH1 and RvH2), tested on a panel of human breast cell lines-six lines of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-474, BT-549, SK-BR-3, and MCF-7 and the non-cancerous MCF-10A. The fraction with Mw 50-100 kDa (HRv 50-100) showed good antitumor activity manifested by a significant decrease in cell viability, altered morphology, autophagy, and p53 activation in treated cancer cells. An apparent synergistic effect was observed for the combination of HRv 50-100 with cis-platin for all tested cell lines. The combination of HRv 50-100 with cisplatin and/or tamoxifen is three times more effective compared to treatment with classical chemotherapeutics alone. The main proteins in the active fraction, with Mw at ~50 kDa, ~65 kDa, ~100 kDa, were identified by MALDI-MS, MS/MS analyses, and bioinformatics. Homology was established with known proteins with antitumor potential detected in different mollusc species: peroxidase-like protein, glycoproteins Aplysianin A, L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), and the functional unit with Mw 50 kDa of RvH. Our study reveals new perspectives for application of HRv 50-100 as an antitumor agent used alone or as a booster in combination with different chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Petrova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zlatina Vlahova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jordana Todorova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Tzintzarov
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anastas Gospodinov
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyudmila Velkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Kaynarov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Dolashki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavlina Dolashka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iva Ugrinova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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8
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Lianguzov AY, Malygina NM, Ivanov AM, Petrova TA. On particular Regimens of Derivative UV Spectrophotometry for Comparative Analysis of Proteins. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368382210009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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9
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Daugavet MA, Dobrynina MI, Shaposhnikova TG, Solovyeva AI, Mittenberg AG, Shabelnikov SV, Babkina IY, Grinchenko AV, Ilyaskina DV, Podgornaya OI. New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14326. [PMID: 35995990 PMCID: PMC9395347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenol oxidase system is ancient and ubiquitously distributed in all living organisms. In various groups it serves for the biosynthesis of pigments and neurotransmitters (dopamine), defence reactions and tissue hardening. Ascidians belong to subphylum Tunicata, which is considered the closest living relative to Vertebrates. Two phenol oxidases previously described for ascidians are vertebrate-like and arthropod-like phenol oxidases. In our present study, we described a new ascidian protein, Tuphoxin, with putative phenol oxidase function, which bears no sequence similarity with two enzymes described previously. The closest related proteins to Tuphoxin are mollusc haemocyanins. Unlike haemocyanins, which are oxygen transporting plasma proteins, Tuphoxin is synthesised in ascidian blood cells and secreted in the extracellular matrix of the tunic—ascidian outer coverings. Single mature transcript coding for this phenol oxidase can give several protein products of different sizes. Thus limited proteolysis of the initial protein is suggested. A unique feature of Tuphoxins and their homologues among Tunicata is the presence of thrombospondin first type repeats (TSP1) domain in their sequence which is supposed to provide interaction with extracellular matrix. The finding of TSP1 in the structure of phenol oxidases is new and we consider this to be an innovation of Tunicata evolutionary lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Daugavet
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - M I Dobrynina
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - A I Solovyeva
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A G Mittenberg
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S V Shabelnikov
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I Yu Babkina
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Grinchenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - D V Ilyaskina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia.,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O I Podgornaya
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Díaz-Dinamarca DA, Salazar ML, Castillo BN, Manubens A, Vasquez AE, Salazar F, Becker MI. Protein-Based Adjuvants for Vaccines as Immunomodulators of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Future Opportunities. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081671. [PMID: 36015297 PMCID: PMC9414397 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
New-generation vaccines, formulated with subunits or nucleic acids, are less immunogenic than classical vaccines formulated with live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens. This difference has led to an intensified search for additional potent vaccine adjuvants that meet safety and efficacy criteria and confer long-term protection. This review provides an overview of protein-based adjuvants (PBAs) obtained from different organisms, including bacteria, mollusks, plants, and humans. Notably, despite structural differences, all PBAs show significant immunostimulatory properties, eliciting B-cell- and T-cell-mediated immune responses to administered antigens, providing advantages over many currently adopted adjuvant approaches. Furthermore, PBAs are natural biocompatible and biodegradable substances that induce minimal reactogenicity and toxicity and interact with innate immune receptors, enhancing their endocytosis and modulating subsequent adaptive immune responses. We propose that PBAs can contribute to the development of vaccines against complex pathogens, including intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, those with complex life cycles such as Plasmodium falciparum, those that induce host immune dysfunction such as HIV, those that target immunocompromised individuals such as fungi, those with a latent disease phase such as Herpes, those that are antigenically variable such as SARS-CoV-2 and those that undergo continuous evolution, to reduce the likelihood of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Díaz-Dinamarca
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento Agencia Nacional de Dispositivos Médicos, Innovación y Desarrollo, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Michelle L. Salazar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Byron N. Castillo
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Augusto Manubens
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Biosonda Corporation, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Abel E. Vasquez
- Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento Agencia Nacional de Dispositivos Médicos, Innovación y Desarrollo, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Fabián Salazar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (M.I.B.)
| | - María Inés Becker
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Biosonda Corporation, Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (M.I.B.)
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11
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Rodriguez C, Vega IA, Castro-Vazquez A. A Dissenters’ View on AppleSnail Immunobiology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879122. [PMID: 35693764 PMCID: PMC9178244 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We stand as dissenters against the acceptance of scientific knowledge that has not been built on empirical data. With this in mind, this review synthesizes selected aspects of the immunobiology of gastropods and of apple snails (Ampullariidae) in particular, from morphological to molecular and “omics” studies. Our trip went through more than two centuries of history and was guided by an evo-devo hypothesis: that the gastropod immune system originally developed in the mesenchymal connective tissue of the reno-pericardial complex, and that in that tissue some cells differentiated into hematopoietically committed progenitor cells that integrate constitutive hemocyte aggregations in the reno-pericardial territory, whether concentrated in the pericardium or the kidney in a species-specific manner. However, some of them may be freed from those aggregations, circulate in the blood, and form distant contingent aggregations anywhere in the body, but always in response to intruders (i.e., pathogens or any other immune challenge). After that, we reviewed the incipient immunology of the Ampullariidae by critically revising the findings in Pomacea canaliculata and Marisa cornuarietis, the only ampullariid species that have been studied in this respect, and we attempted to identify the effectors and the processes in which they are involved. Particularly for P. canaliculata, which is by far the most studied species, we ask which hemocytes are involved, in which tissues or organs are integrated, and what cellular reactions to intruders this species has in common with other animals. Furthermore, we wondered what humoral factors could also integrate its internal defense system. Among the cellular defenses, we give an outstanding position to the generation of hemocyte nodules, which seems to be an important process for these snails, serving the isolation and elimination of intruders. Finally, we discuss hematopoiesis in apple snails. There have been contrasting views about some of these aspects, but we envision a hematopoietic system centered in the constitutive hemocyte islets in the ampullariid kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rodriguez
- IHEM, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Israel A. Vega
- IHEM, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Castro-Vazquez
- IHEM, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Castro-Vazquez,
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12
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Paquet M, Fujii T, Moynier F. Copper isotope composition of hemocyanin. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126967. [PMID: 35259616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper is a metal that plays a central role in biology, for example, as co-factor in various redox enzymes. Its stable isotopic composition is being used as tracer of its transport in living organisms and as a biomarker for diseases affecting its homeostasis. While the application of copper stable isotopes to biological studies is a growing field, there are presently no biological standards that are systematically analyzed in the different laboratories, as it is the case for geological samples (e.g., by using widely available basalt samples). It is therefore paramount for the community to establish such standard. Copper also binds oxygen in the respiratory protein, hemocyanin, in the hemolymph of mollusks and arthropods and is thus critical to respiration for these species. METHODS Here, the Cu isotope composition of hemocyanin of different modern species of mollusks and arthropods (Megathura crenulate Keyhole limpet, Limulus polyphemus Horseshoe crab and Concholepas concholepas Chilean abalone), as well as theoretical constraints on the origin of these isotopic fractionations through ab initio calculations are reported. RESULTS The isotopic fractionation factors for Cu(I) and Cu(II), both in hemocyanin and in seawater, predict an enrichment in the lighter isotope of Cu in the hemocyanin by over 1 permil compared to seawater. The hemocyanin of Chilean abalone and Horseshoe crab have Cu isotope compositions (δ65Cu = +0.63 ± 0.04‰ and +0.61 ± 0.04‰, respectively, with δ65Cu the permil deviation of the 65Cu/63Cu ratio from the NIST SRM 976 standard), similar to that of the octopus reported in literature (+0.62‰), that are undistinguishable from seawater, suggesting quantitative Cu absorption for these organisms. Conversely, the Keyhole limpet is enriched in the lighter isotope of Cu, which is in line with the ab initio calculation and therefore Cu isotopic fractionation during incorporation of Cu into the hemocyanin. CONCLUSIONS Because these hemocyanin standard samples are widely available, they could serve in the future as inter-laboratory standards to verify the accuracy of the Cu isotopic measurements on biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Paquet
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7154, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Toshiyuki Fujii
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Frédéric Moynier
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7154, 75005 Paris, France
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13
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Le TTY, Milen N, Grabner D, Hendriks AJ, Peijnenburg WJGM, Sures B. Delineation of the exposure-response causality chain of chronic copper toxicity to the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, with a TK-TD model based on concepts of biotic ligand model and subcellular metal partitioning model. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131930. [PMID: 34426290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model was constructed to delineate the exposure-response causality. The model could be used: to predict metal accumulation considering the influence of water chemistry and biotic ligand characteristics; to simulate the dynamics of subcellular partitioning considering metabolism, detoxification, and elimination; and to predict chronic toxicity as represented by biomarker responses from the concentration of metals in the fraction of potentially toxic metal. The model was calibrated with data generated from an experiment in which the Zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha was exposed to Cu at nominal concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/L and with varied Na+ concentrations in water up to 4.0 mmol/L for 24 days. Data used in the calibration included physicochemical conditions of the exposure environment, Cu concentrations in subcellular fractions, and oxidative stress-induced responses, i.e. glutathione-S-transferase activity and lipid peroxidation. The model explained the dynamics of subcellular Cu partitioning and the effect mechanism reasonably well. With a low affinity constant for Na + binding to Cu2+ uptake sites, Na + had limited influence on Cu2+ uptake at low Na+ concentrations in water. Copper was taken up into the metabolically available pool (MAP) at a largely higher rate than into the cellular debris. Similar Cu concentrations were found in these two fractions at low exposure levels, which could be attributed to sequestration pathways (metabolism, detoxification, and elimination) in the MAP. However, such sequestration was inefficient as shown by similar Cu concentrations in detoxified fractions with increasing exposure level accompanied by the increasing Cu concentration in the MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Yen Le
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Nachev Milen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Grabner
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141, Essen, Germany
| | - A Jan Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525, HP Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3720, BA, the Netherlands; Institute for Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2311 EZ, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd Sures
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141, Essen, Germany
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Zheng Z, Aweya JJ, Bao S, Yao D, Li S, Tran NT, Ma H, Zhang Y. The Microbial Composition of Penaeid Shrimps' Hepatopancreas Is Modulated by Hemocyanin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2733-2743. [PMID: 34670821 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms have to produce proteins or factors that help maintain a stable relationship with microbiota and prevent colonization by pathogenic microorganisms. In crustaceans and other aquatic invertebrates, relatively few of these host factors have been characterized. In this study, we show that the respiratory glycoprotein hemocyanin is a crucial host factor that modulates microbial composition and diversity in the hepatopancreas of penaeid shrimp. Diseased penaeid shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), had an empty gastrointestinal tract with atrophied hepatopancreas, expressed low hemocyanin, and high total bacterial abundance, with Vibrio as the dominant bacteria. Similarly, shrimp depleted of hemocyanin had mitochondrial depolarization, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and dysregulation of several energy metabolism-related genes. Hemocyanin silencing together with ROS scavenger (N-acetylcysteine) treatment improved microbial diversity and decreased Vibrio dominance in the hepatopancreas. However, fecal microbiota transplantation after hemocyanin knockdown could not restore the microbial composition in the hepatopancreas. Collectively, our data provide, to our knowledge, new insight into the pivotal role of hemocyanin in modulating microbial composition in penaeid shrimp hepatopancreas via its effect on mitochondrial integrity, energy metabolism, and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; .,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Shiyuan Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Defu Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; .,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Le TTY, Grabner D, Nachev M, García MR, Balsa-Canto E, Peijnenburg WJGM, Hendriks AJ, Sures B. Development of a toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model simulating chronic copper toxicity to the Zebra mussel based on subcellular fractionation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 241:106015. [PMID: 34753109 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model based on subcellular metal partitioning is presented for simulating chronic toxicity of copper (Cu) from the estimated concentration in the fraction of potentially toxic metal (PTM). As such, the model allows for considering the significance of different pathways of metal sequestration in predicting metal toxicity. In the metabolically available pool (MAP), excess metals above the metabolic requirements and the detoxification and elimination capacity form the PTM fraction. The reversibly and irreversibly detoxified fractions were distinguished in the biologically detoxified compartment, while responses of organisms were related to Cu accumulation in the PTM fraction. The model was calibrated using the data on Cu concentrations in subcellular fractions and physiological responses measured by the glutathione S-transferase activity and the lipid peroxidation level during 24-day exposure of the Zebra mussel to Cu at concentrations of 25 and 50 µg/L and varying Na+ concentrations up to 4.0 mmol/L. The model was capable of explaining dynamics in the subcellular Cu partitioning, e.g. the trade-off between elimination and detoxification as well as the dependence of net accumulation, elimination, detoxification, and metabolism on the exposure level. Increases in the net accumulation rate in the MAP contributed to increased concentrations of Cu in this fraction. Moreover, these results are indicative of ineffective detoxification at high exposure levels and spill-over effects of detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Yen Le
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Grabner
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Milen Nachev
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Míriam R García
- Process Engineering Group, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, IIM-CSIC, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva Balsa-Canto
- Process Engineering Group, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, IIM-CSIC, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3720 BA, the Netherlands; Institute for Environmental Sciences, Leiden university, 2311 EZ Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A Jan Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 HP Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd Sures
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany
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16
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Schäfer GG, Grebe LJ, Schinkel R, Lieb B. The Evolution of Hemocyanin Genes in Caenogastropoda: Gene Duplications and Intron Accumulation in Highly Diverse Gastropods. J Mol Evol 2021; 89:639-655. [PMID: 34757470 PMCID: PMC8599328 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-021-10036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is the oxygen transport protein of most molluscs and represents an important physiological factor that has to be well-adapted to their environments because of the strong influences of abiotic factors on its oxygen affinity. Multiple independent gene duplications and intron gains have been reported for hemocyanin genes of Tectipleura (Heterobranchia) and the caenogastropod species Pomacea canaliculata, which contrast with the uniform gene architectures of hemocyanins in Vetigastropoda. The goal of this study was to analyze hemocyanin gene evolution within the diverse group of Caenogastropoda in more detail. Our findings reveal multiple gene duplications and intron gains and imply that these represent general features of Apogastropoda hemocyanins. Whereas hemocyanin exon–intron structures are identical within different Tectipleura lineages, they differ strongly within Caenogastropoda among phylogenetic groups as well as between paralogous hemocyanin genes of the same species. Thus, intron accumulation took place more gradually within Caenogastropoda but finally led to a similar consequence, namely, a multitude of introns. Since both phenomena occurred independently within Heterobranchia and Caenogastropoda, the results support the hypothesis that introns may contribute to adaptive radiation by offering new opportunities for genetic variability (multiple paralogs that may evolve differently) and regulation (multiple introns). Our study indicates that adaptation of hemocyanin genes may be one of several factors that contributed to the evolution of the large diversity of Apogastropoda. While questions remain, this hypothesis is presented as a starting point for the further study of hemocyanin genes and possible correlations between hemocyanin diversity and adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Giannina Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Jörg Grebe
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robin Schinkel
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lieb
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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17
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Watanabe K, Kaizawa N, Ree BJ, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. One‐Shot Intrablock Cross‐Linking of Linear Diblock Copolymer to Realize Janus‐Shaped Single‐Chain Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Noya Kaizawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
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18
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Watanabe K, Kaizawa N, Ree BJ, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. One-Shot Intrablock Cross-Linking of Linear Diblock Copolymer to Realize Janus-Shaped Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18122-18128. [PMID: 34041829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Developing an efficient and versatile process to transform a single linear polymer chain into a shape-defined nanoobject is a major challenge in the fields of chemistry and nanotechnology to replicate sophisticated biological functions of proteins and nucleic acids in a synthetic polymer system. In this study, we performed one-shot intrablock cross-linking of linear block copolymers (BCPs) to realize single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) with two chemically compartmentalized domains (Janus-shaped SCNPs). Detailed structural characterizations of the Janus-shaped SCNP composed of polystyrene-block-poly(glycolic acid) revealed its compactly folded conformation and compartmentalized block localization, similar to the self-folded tertiary structures of natural proteins. Versatility of the one-shot intrablock cross-linking was demonstrated using several different BCP precursors. In addition, the Janus-shaped SCNP produce miniscule microphase-separated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Noya Kaizawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Brian J Ree
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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Schäfer GG, Pedrini-Martha V, Jackson DJ, Dallinger R, Lieb B. The evolution of hemocyanin genes in Tectipleura: a multitude of conserved introns in highly diverse gastropods. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:36. [PMID: 33663373 PMCID: PMC7931591 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hemocyanin is the oxygen transporter of most molluscs. Since the oxygen affinity of hemocyanin is strongly temperature-dependent, this essential protein needs to be well-adapted to the environment. In Tectipleura, a very diverse group of gastropods with > 27,000 species living in all kinds of habitats, several hemocyanin genes have already been analyzed. Multiple independent duplications of this gene have been identified and may represent potential adaptations to different environments and lifestyles. The aim of this study is to further explore the evolution of these genes by analyzing their exon–intron architectures. Results We have reconstructed the gene architectures of ten hemocyanin genes from four Tectipleura species: Aplysia californica, Lymnaea stagnalis, Cornu aspersum and Helix pomatia. Their hemocyanin genes each contain 53 introns, significantly more than in the hemocyanin genes of Cephalopoda (9–11), Vetigastropoda (15) and Caenogastropoda (28–33). The gene structures of Tectipleura hemocyanins are identical in terms of intron number and location, with the exception of one out of two hemocyanin genes of L. stagnalis that comprises one additional intron. We found that gene structures that differ between molluscan lineages most probably evolved more recently through independent intron gains. Conclusions The strict conservation of the large number of introns in Tectipleura hemocyanin genes over 200 million years suggests the influence of a selective pressure on this gene structure. While we could not identify conserved sequence motifs within these introns, it may be simply the great number of introns that offers increased possibilities of gene regulation relative to hemocyanin genes with less introns and thus may have facilitated habitat shifts and speciation events. This hypothesis is supported by the relatively high number of introns within the hemocyanin genes of Pomacea canaliculata that has evolved independently of the Tectipleura. Pomacea canaliculata belongs to the Caenogastropoda, the sister group of Heterobranchia (that encompass Tectipleura) which is also very diverse and comprises species living in different habitats. Our findings provide a hint to some of the molecular mechanisms that may have supported the spectacular radiation of one of Metazoa’s most species rich groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Giannina Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Veronika Pedrini-Martha
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel John Jackson
- Department of Geobiology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dallinger
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lieb
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Schäfer GG, Grebe LJ, Depoix F, Lieb B. Hemocyanins of Muricidae: New 'Insights' Unravel an Additional Highly Hydrophilic 800 kDa Mass Within the Molecule. J Mol Evol 2021; 89:62-72. [PMID: 33439299 PMCID: PMC7884596 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-020-09986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanins are giant oxygen transport proteins that freely float within the hemolymph of most molluscs. The basic quaternary structure of molluscan hemocyanins is a cylindrical decamer with a diameter of 35 nm which is built of 400 kDa subunits. Previously published results, however, showed that one out of two hemocyanin subunits of Rapana venosa encompasses two polypeptides, one 300 kDa and one 100 kDa polypeptide which aggregate to typical 4 MDa and 8 MDa hemocyanin (di-)decamer molecules. It was shown that the polypeptides are bound most probably by one or more cysteine disulfide bridges but it remained open if these polypeptides were coded by one or two genes. Our here presented results clearly showed that both polypeptides are coded by one gene only and that this phenomenon can also be found in the gastropod Nucella lapillus. Thus, it can be defined as clade-specific for Muricidae, a group of the very diverse Caenogastropoda. In addition, we discovered a further deviation of this hemocyanin subunit within both species, namely a region of 340 mainly hydrophilic amino acids (especially histidines and aspartic acids) which have not been identified in any other molluscan hemocyanin, yet. Our results indicate that, within the quaternary structure, these additional amino acids most probably protrude within the inner part of didecamer cylinders, forming a large extra mass of up to 800 kDa. They presumably influence the structure of the protein and may affect the functionality. Thus, these findings reveal further insights into the evolution and structures of gastropod hemocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Giannina Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Lukas Jörg Grebe
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Depoix
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lieb
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Molecular Cloning, Structure and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Hemocyanin Subunit from the Black Sea Crustacean Eriphia verrucosa (Crustacea, Malacostraca). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010093. [PMID: 33450956 PMCID: PMC7828413 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocyanins are copper-binding proteins that play a crucial role in the physiological processes in crustaceans. In this study, the cDNA encoding hemocyanin subunit 5 from the Black sea crab Eriphia verrucosa (EvHc5) was cloned using EST analysis, RT-PCR and rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE) approach. The full-length cDNA of EvHc5 was 2254 bp, consisting of a 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions and an open reading frame of 2022 bp, encoding a protein consisting of 674 amino acid residues. The protein has an N-terminal signal peptide of 14 amino acids as is expected for proteins synthesized in hepatopancreas tubule cells and secreted into the hemolymph. The 3D model showed the presence of three functional domains and six conserved histidine residues that participate in the formation of the copper active site in Domain 2. The EvHc5 is O-glycosylated and the glycan is exposed on the surface of the subunit similar to Panulirus interruptus. The phylogenetic analysis has shown its close grouping with γ-type of hemocyanins of other crustacean species belonging to order Decapoda, infraorder Brachyura.
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Idakieva K, Todinova S, Dolashki A, Velkova L, Raynova Y, Dolashka P. Biophysical characterization of the structural stability of Helix lucorum hemocyanin. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1837010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krassimira Idakieva
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics of Proteins and Enzymes, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Todinova
- Department of Biomacromolecules and Biomolecular Interactions, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Dolashki
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics of Proteins and Enzymes, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyudmila Velkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics of Proteins and Enzymes, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yuliana Raynova
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics of Proteins and Enzymes, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavlina Dolashka
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics of Proteins and Enzymes, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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23
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Liu C, Ren Y, Li Z, Hu Q, Yin L, Wang H, Qiao X, Zhang Y, Xing L, Xi Y, Jiang F, Wang S, Huang C, Liu B, Liu H, Wan F, Qian W, Fan W. Giant African snail genomes provide insights into molluscan whole-genome duplication and aquatic-terrestrial transition. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:478-494. [PMID: 33000522 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication (WGD), contributing to evolutionary diversity and environmental adaptability, has been observed across a wide variety of eukaryotic groups, but not in molluscs. Molluscs are the second largest animal phylum in terms of species numbers, and among the organisms that have successfully adapted to the nonmarine realm through aquatic-terrestrial (A-T) transition. We assembled a chromosome-level reference genome for Achatina immaculata, a globally invasive species, and compared the genomes of two giant African snails (A. immaculata and Achatina fulica) to other available mollusc genomes. Macrosynteny, colinearity blocks, Ks peak and Hox gene clusters collectively suggested a WGD event in the two snails. The estimated WGD timing (~70 million years ago) was close to the speciation age of the Sigmurethra-Orthurethra (within Stylommatophora) lineage and the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) mass extinction, indicating that the WGD may have been a common event shared by all Sigmurethra-Orthurethra species and conferred ecological adaptability allowing survival after the K-T extinction event. Furthermore, the adaptive mechanism of WGD in terrestrial ecosystems was confirmed by the presence of gene families related to the respiration, aestivation and immune defence. Several mucus-related gene families expanded early in the Stylommatophora lineage, and the haemocyanin and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase families doubled during WGD, and zinc metalloproteinase genes were highly tandemly duplicated after WGD. This evidence suggests that although WGD may not have been the direct driver of the A-T transition, it played an important part in the terrestrial adaptation of giant African snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuwei Ren
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zaiyuan Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hengchao Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longsheng Xing
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hangwei Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Oxygen consumption during and post-hypoxia exposure in bearded fireworms (Annelida: Amphinomidae). J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:681-689. [PMID: 32960287 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is necessary for all marine animals to support metabolic functions. When chronic low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions occur, organisms must adjust to overcome this stressor's effect on metabolic rates. The bearded fireworm, Hermodice carunculata, is a widespread species frequently exposed to hypoxic conditions in areas within its broad distribution which may impact metabolism, wound healing, and regeneration. To study the impact of hypoxia on their metabolic rates, we exposed fireworms to two levels of lower than normal DO conditions (low 2.5 ± 0.25 mg O2 L-1 and mid 4.5 ± 0.25 mg O2 L-1) for 7 days by pumping nitrogen into their holding tanks. During a chronic hypoxia trial, we quantified oxygen consumption in each experimental group and subsequently determined post-hypoxia oxygen consumption of individuals from the lowest oxygen level. During the hypoxic exposure, the oxygen uptake rates declined in low and mid DO conditions, while remaining relatively constant for the normoxic (7.0 ± 0.25 mg O2 L-1) control. We then compared the oxygen consumption rates from the lowest DO condition to fireworms likely never exposed to hypoxia and fireworms from a location likely to be exposed to hypoxia. We found higher oxygen consumption rates in the experimentally hypoxia-exposed worms. These results suggest prolonged negative impacts of hypoxic exposure, leading to a lasting elevation of metabolic rates of these marine invertebrates. The increase in metabolic rates may lead to increased predation on their prey of choice, economically and commercially important coral, causing increased degradation of already threatened coral reef ecosystems.
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25
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Masuda T, Baba S, Matsuo K, Ito S, Mikami B. The high-resolution crystal structure of lobster hemocyanin shows its enzymatic capability as a phenoloxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 688:108370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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26
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Otludil B, Ayaz S. Effect of Copper Sulphate (CuSO 4) on Freshwater Snail, Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805: A Histopathological Evaluation. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:738-747. [PMID: 32313983 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, freshwater snail (Physa acuta) was investigated to determine histopathological effects of CuSO4 on digestive gland, foot, mantle and ovotestis under laboratory conditions. The snails were exposed to different sublethal concentrations of CuSO4 (0.05 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L) periods of 10, 20 and 30 days. The relationship between CuSO4 concentration and mortality rate in snails was calculated as Y = 8.8 + 125.14X, R2 = 0.9444. The histopathological examinations revealed that CuSO4 caused significant histopathological changes in all the tissues of the snail. The severity of these lesions in tissues increased with increasing CuSO4 concentration and duration of exposure. The results showed that freshwater snail, Physa acuta can be considered to be a suitable bioindicator to demonstrate the toxic effect of copper in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgül Otludil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
| | - Sabahat Ayaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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27
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Cunningham M, Laino A, Romero S, Fernando Garcia C. Arachnid Hemocyanins. Subcell Biochem 2020; 94:219-231. [PMID: 32189301 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41769-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hemocyanin (Hc), a copper-containing extracellular multimeric protein, is the major protein component of hemolymph in different arachnid groups. Hc possesses 7 or 8 very well-characterized types of monomers with molecular weights ranging from 70 to 85 kDa, organized in hexamers or multiple of hexamers. The present chapter compiles the existing data with relation to the function of this protein in the arachnids. Hc has as main function the reversible transport of O2, but it shows many secondary though not less important functions. With reference to this, it has been described that Hc can transport hydrophobic molecules (lipid-derived hormones and lipids) to the different organs, having a key role in the lipid transport system. In arachnids, like in other arthropods and invertebrates, Hc has phenoloxidase function which is related to different metabolic processes such as melanin formation and defense against pathogens. In addition, Hc has additional defensive functions since it can serve as precursor for the production of antimicrobial peptides. In short, the evolution of this protein has led to the development of multiple functions essential for organisms possessing this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cunningham
- INIBIOLP (CONICET-UNLP) - Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, Calles 60 y 120, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Aldana Laino
- INIBIOLP (CONICET-UNLP) - Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, Calles 60 y 120, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sofia Romero
- INIBIOLP (CONICET-UNLP) - Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, Calles 60 y 120, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Fernando Garcia
- INIBIOLP (CONICET-UNLP) - Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, Calles 60 y 120, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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28
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Chiumiento IR, Ituarte S, Sun J, Qiu JW, Heras H, Dreon MS. Hemocyanin of the caenogastropod Pomacea canaliculata exhibits evolutionary differences among gastropod clades. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228325. [PMID: 31999773 PMCID: PMC6992001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural knowledge of gastropod hemocyanins is scarce. To better understand their evolution and diversity we studied the hemocyanin of a caenogastropod, Pomacea canaliculata (PcH). Through a proteomic and genomic approach, we identified 4 PcH subunit isoforms, in contrast with other gastropods that usually have 2 or 3. Each isoform has the typical Keyhole limpet-type hemocyanin architecture, comprising a string of eight globular functional units (FUs). Correspondingly, genes are organized in eight FUs coding regions. All FUs in the 4 genes are encoded by more than one exon, a feature not found in non- caenogastropods. Transmission electron microscopy images of PcH showed a cylindrical structure organized in di, tri and tetra-decamers with an internal collar structure, being the di and tri-decameric cylinders the most abundant ones. PcH is N-glycosylated with high mannose and hybrid-type structures, and complex-type N-linked glycans, with absence of sialic acid. Terminal β-N-GlcNAc residues and nonreducing terminal α-GalNAc are also present. The molecule lacks O-linked glycosylation but presents the T-antigen (Gal-β1,3-GalNAc). Using an anti-PcH polyclonal antibody, no cross-immunoreactivity was observed against other gastropod hemocyanins, highlighting the presence of clade-specific structural differences among gastropod hemocyanins. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first gene structure study of a Caenogastropoda hemocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rafael Chiumiento
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Santiago Ituarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Sebastián Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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29
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Abstract
The copper-containing hemocyanins are proteins responsible for the binding, transportation and storage of dioxygen within the blood (hemolymph) of many invertebrates. Several additional functions have been attributed to both arthropod and molluscan hemocyanins, including (but not limited to) enzymatic activity (namely phenoloxidase), hormone transport, homeostasis (ecdysis) and hemostasis (clot formation). An important secondary function of hemocyanin involves aspects of innate immunity-such as acting as a precursor of broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides and microbial/viral agglutination. In this chapter, we present the reader with an up-to-date synthesis of the known functions of hemocyanins and the structural features that facilitate such activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Coates
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Elisa M Costa-Paiva
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Suther C, Moore MD. Quantification and discovery of PCR inhibitors found in food matrices commonly associated with foodborne viruses. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Sahlmann A, Lode T, Heuschele J, Borgå K, Titelman J, Hylland K. Genotoxic Response and Mortality in 3 Marine Copepods Exposed to Waterborne Copper. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2224-2232. [PMID: 31343775 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace metal, but may also be toxic to aquatic organisms. Although many studies have investigated the cytotoxicity of Cu, little is known about the in vivo genotoxic potential of Cu in marine invertebrates. We investigated the genotoxicity of Cu in 2 pelagic calanoid copepods, Acartia tonsa and Temora longicornis, and the intertidal harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis by exposing them for 6 and 72 h to waterborne Cu (0, 6, and 60 µg Cu/L). A subsequent 24-h period in filtered seawater was used to investigate delayed effects or recovery. Genotoxicity was evaluated as DNA strand breaks in individual copepods using the comet assay. Copper did not increase DNA strand breaks in any of the species at any concentration or time point. The treatment did, however, cause 100% mortality in A. tonsa following exposure to 60 µg Cu/L. Acartia tonsa and T. longicornis were more susceptible to Cu-induced mortality than the benthic harpacticoid T. brevicornis, which appeared to be unaffected by the treatments. The results show major differences in Cu susceptibility among the 3 copepods and also that acute toxicity of Cu to A. tonsa is not directly associated with genotoxicity. We also show that the comet assay can be used to quantify genotoxicity in individual copepods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2224-2232. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torben Lode
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Heuschele
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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32
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Jiménez JM, Salazar ML, Arancibia S, Villar J, Salazar F, Brown GD, Lavelle EC, Martínez-Pomares L, Ortiz-Quintero J, Lavandero S, Manubens A, Becker MI. TLR4, but Neither Dectin-1 nor Dectin-2, Participates in the Mollusk Hemocyanin-Induced Proinflammatory Effects in Antigen-Presenting Cells From Mammals. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1136. [PMID: 31214162 PMCID: PMC6554540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mollusk hemocyanins have biomedical uses as carriers/adjuvants and nonspecific immunostimulants with beneficial clinical outcomes by triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and driving immune responses toward type 1 T helper (Th1) polarization. Significant structural features of hemocyanins as a model antigen are their glycosylation patterns. Indeed, hemocyanins have a multivalent nature as highly mannosylated antigens. We have previously shown that hemocyanins are internalized by APCs through receptor-mediated endocytosis with proteins that contain C-type lectin domains, such as mannose receptor (MR). However, the contribution of other innate immune receptors to the proinflammatory signaling pathway triggered by hemocyanins is unknown. Thus, we studied the roles of Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the hemocyanin activation of murine APCs, both in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, using hemocyanins from Megathura crenulata (KLH), Concholepas concholepas (CCH) and Fissurella latimarginata (FLH). The results showed that these hemocyanins bound to chimeric Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 receptors in vitro; which significantly decreased when the glycoproteins were deglycosylated. However, hemocyanin-induced proinflammatory effects in APCs from Dectin-1 knock-out (KO) and Dectin-2 KO mice were independent of both receptors. Moreover, when wild-type APCs were cultured in the presence of hemocyanins, phosphorylation of Syk kinase was not detected. We further showed that KLH and FLH induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, a key event involved in the TLR signaling pathway. We confirmed a glycan-dependent binding of hemocyanins to chimeric TLR4 in vitro. Moreover, DCs from mice deficient for MyD88-adapter-like (Mal), a downstream adapter molecule of TLR4, were partially activated by FLH, suggesting a role of the TLR pathway in hemocyanin recognition to activate APCs. The participation of TLR4 was confirmed through a decrease in IL-12p40 and IL-6 secretion induced by FLH when a TLR4 blocking antibody was used; a reduction was also observed in DCs from C3H/HeJ mice, a mouse strain with a nonfunctional mutation for this receptor. Moreover, IL-6 secretion induced by FLH was abolished in macrophages deficient for TLR4. Our data showed the involvement of TLR4 in the hemocyanin-mediated proinflammatory response in APCs, which could cooperate with MR in innate immune recognition of these glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Jiménez
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología Para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Michelle L. Salazar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología Para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Arancibia
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología Para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Villar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología Para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Salazar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología Para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ed C. Lavelle
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jafet Ortiz-Quintero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - María Inés Becker
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología Para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
- Biosonda Corporation, Santiago, Chile
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33
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Hosseinzadeh S, Ramsey J, Mann M, Bennett L, Hunter WB, Shams-Bakhsh M, Hall DG, Heck M. Color morphology of Diaphorina citri influences interactions with its bacterial endosymbionts and 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216599. [PMID: 31095639 PMCID: PMC6522040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaphorina citri is a vector of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus,' (CLas), associated with Huanglongbing, (HLB, or citrus greening) disease in citrus. D. citri exhibits three different color morph variants, blue, gray and yellow. Blue morphs have a greater capacity for long-distance flight as compared to non-blue morphs, but little else is known about how color morphology influences vector characteristics. In this study, we show that the color morphology of the insect is derived from pigmented cells of the fat body. Blue morphs acquire a lower level of CLas in their bodies from infected trees as compared to their gray and yellow conspecifics, referred to in this paper collectively as non-blue morphs. Accordingly, CLas titer in citrus leaves inoculated by non-blue insects was 6-fold higher than in leaves inoculated by blue insects. Blue color morphs harbored lower titers of Wolbachia and 'Candidatus Profftella armatura,' two of the D. citri bacterial endosymbionts. Expression of hemocyanin, a copper-binding oxygen transport protein responsible for the blue coloration of hemolymph of other arthropods and mollusks, was previously correlated with blue color morphology and is highly up-regulated in insects continuously reared on CLas infected citrus trees. Based on our results, we hypothesized that a reduction of hemocyanin expression would reduce the D. citri immune response and an increase in the titer of CLas would be observed. Surprisingly, a specific 3-fold reduction of hemocyanin-1 transcript levels using RNA silencing in blue adult D. citri morphs had an approximately 2-fold reduction on the titer of CLas. These results suggest that hemocyanin signaling from the fat body may have multiple functions in the regulation of bacterial titers in D. citri, and that hemocyanin is one of multiple psyllid genes involved in regulating CLas titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Hosseinzadeh
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - John Ramsey
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- USDA ARS Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Marina Mann
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Lily Bennett
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Wayne B. Hunter
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
| | | | - David G. Hall
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
| | - Michelle Heck
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- USDA ARS Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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Tanaka Y, Kato S, Stabrin M, Raunser S, Matsui T, Gatsogiannis C. Cryo-EM reveals the asymmetric assembly of squid hemocyanin. IUCRJ 2019; 6:426-437. [PMID: 31098023 PMCID: PMC6503924 DOI: 10.1107/s205225251900321x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen transporter of molluscs, hemocyanin, consists of long pearl-necklace-like subunits of several globular domains. The subunits assemble in a complex manner to form cylindrical decamers. Typically, the first six domains of each subunit assemble together to form the cylinder wall, while the C-terminal domains form a collar that fills or caps the cylinder. During evolution, various molluscs have been able to fine-tune their oxygen binding by deleting or adding C-terminal domains and adjusting their inner-collar architecture. However, squids have duplicated one of the wall domains of their subunits instead. Here, using cryo-EM and an optimized refinement protocol implemented in SPHIRE, this work tackled the symmetry-mismatched structure of squid hemocyanin, revealing the precise effect of this duplication on its quaternary structure and providing a potential model for its structural evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sanae Kato
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Markus Stabrin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Structural Biochemistry, Otto Hahn Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Structural Biochemistry, Otto Hahn Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Christos Gatsogiannis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Structural Biochemistry, Otto Hahn Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
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Dolashki A, Velkova L, Voelter W, Dolashka P. Structural and conformational stability of hemocyanin from the garden snail Cornu aspersum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 74:113-123. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Various aspects of biomedical applications of molluscan hemocyanins, associated with their immunogenic properties and antitumor activity, promoted us to perform structural studies on these glycoproteins. The stability and reassociation behavior of native Cornu aspersum hemocyanin (CaH) are studied in the presence of different concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and pH values using electron microscopy. Higher concentrations of those ions led to a more rapid reassociation of CaH, resulting in stable multidecamers with different lengths. The conformational changes of native CaH are investigated within a wide pH-temperature range by UV circular dichroism. The relatively small changes of initial [θ]λ indicated that many secondary structural elements are preserved, even at high temperatures above 80°C, especially at neutral pH. The mechanism of thermal unfolding of CaH has a complicated character, and the process is irreversible. The conformational stability of the native didecameric aggregates of CaH toward various denaturants indicates that hydrophilic and polar forces stabilize the quaternary structure. For the first time, the unfolding of native CaH in water solutions in the presence of four different denaturants is investigated. The free energy of stabilization in water, ∆GD
H2O, was calculated in the range of 15.48–16.95 kJ mol−1. The presented results will facilitate the further investigation of the properties and potential applications of CaH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Dolashki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl.9 , Sofia 1113 , Bulgaria
| | - Lyudmila Velkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl.9 , Sofia 1113 , Bulgaria
| | - Wolfgang Voelter
- Interfacultary Institute of Biochemistry , University of Tübingen , Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4 , D-72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Pavlina Dolashka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl.9 , Sofia 1113 , Bulgaria
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Abstract
The genus Vibrio includes serious human pathogens, and mollusks are a significant reservoir for species such as V. vulnificus. Vibrio species encode PecS, a member of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of transcription factors; pecS is divergently oriented to pecM, which encodes an efflux pump. We report here that Vibrio species feature frequent duplications of pecS-pecM genes, suggesting evolutionary pressures to respond to distinct environmental situations. The single V. vulnificus PecS binds two sites within the pecS-pecM intergenic region with Kd = 0.3 ± 0.1 nM, a binding that is attenuated by the ligands xanthine and urate, except when promoter DNA is saturated with PecS. A unique target is found in the intergenic region between genes encoding the nitric oxide sensing transcription factor, NsrR, and nod; the nod-encoded nitric oxide dioxygenase is important for preventing nitric oxide stress. Reporter gene assays show that PecS-mediated repression of gene expression can be relieved in presence of ligand. Since xanthine and urate are produced as part of the oxidative burst during host defenses and under molluscan hypoxia, we propose that these intermediates in the host purine degradation pathway function to promote bacterial survival during hypoxia and oxidative stress.
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Yao T, Zhao MM, He J, Han T, Peng W, Zhang H, Wang JY, Jiang JZ. Gene expression and phenoloxidase activities of hemocyanin isoforms in response to pathogen infections in abalone Haliotis diversicolor. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:538-551. [PMID: 30731165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemocyanins (Hc), the main protein components of hemolymph in invertebrates, are not only involved in oxygen transport but also linked to non-specific immune responses. In this study, we used abalone (Haliotis diversicolor) Hc to study the basis of its diversified functions through gene, protein, peptides, and phenoloxidase (PO) activity levels. Three complete hemocyanin gene (HdH) sequences were cloned for the first time. By comparing the copies and location of HdH between abalone and other mollusks, we propose that Hc gene duplication and linkage is likely to be common during the evolution of mollusk respiratory proteins. We further demonstrate that all three genes could be expressed in abalone, with expression varying based on the developmental stages, tissue types, and different pathogen infections. However, HdH1 and HdH2 appear to be synthesized by the same cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Furthermore, the PO activity of HdH can be induced by trypsin, urea, and SDS in vitro. Viral infection can stimulate its PO activity in vivo by cleaving the protein into fragments. Consequently, we present a comprehensive study of abalone hemocyanin, providing important evidence for an in-depth understanding of the physiological and immune functions of Hc in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Man-Man Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China; Novoprotein Scientific Inc., Wujiang, Jiangsu 215200, PR China
| | - Jian He
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Tao Han
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Wen Peng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Jiang-Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Jing-Zhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China.
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Dolashki A, Dolashka P, Stenzl A, Stevanovic S, Aicher WK, Velkova L, Velikova R, Voelter W. Antitumour activity of Helix hemocyanin against bladder carcinoma permanent cell lines. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1507755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Dolashki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavlina Dolashka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm K. Aicher
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lyudmila Velkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radostina Velikova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Wolfgang Voelter
- Interfacultary Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Immunotherapeutic Potential of Mollusk Hemocyanins in Combination with Human Vaccine Adjuvants in Murine Models of Oral Cancer. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:7076942. [PMID: 30847353 PMCID: PMC6362480 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7076942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mollusk hemocyanins have been used for decades in immunological and clinical applications as natural, nontoxic, nonpathogenic, and nonspecific immunostimulants for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer, as carriers/adjuvants of tumor-associated antigens in cancer vaccine development and as adjuvants to dendritic cell-based immunotherapy, because these glycoproteins induce a bias towards Th1 immunity. Here, we analyzed the preclinical therapeutic potential of the traditional keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and two new hemocyanins from Concholepas concholepas (CCH) and Fissurella latimarginata (FLH) in mouse models of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Due to the aggressiveness and deadly malignant potential of this cancer, the hemocyanins were applied in combination with adjuvants, such as alum, AddaVax, and QS-21, which have been shown to be safe and effective in human vaccines, to potentiate their antitumor activity. The immunogenic performance of the hemocyanins in combination with the adjuvants was compared, and the best formulation was evaluated for its antitumor effects in two murine models of oral cancer: MOC7 cells implanted in the flank (heterotopic) and bioluminescent AT-84 E7 Luc cells implanted in the floor of the mouth (orthotopic). The results demonstrated that the hemocyanins in combination with QS-21 showed the greatest immunogenicity, as reflected by a robust, specific humoral response predominantly characterized by IgG2a antibodies and a sustained cellular response manifesting as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. The KLH- and FLH-QS-21 formulations showed reduced tumor development and greater overall survival. Hemocyanins, as opposed to QS-21, had no cytotoxic effect on either oral cancer cell line cultured in vitro, supporting the idea that the antitumor effects of hemocyanins are associated with their modulation of the immune response. Therefore, hemocyanin utilization would allow a lower QS-21 dosage to achieve therapeutic results. Overall, our study opens a new door to further investigation of the use of hemocyanins plus adjuvants for the development of immunotherapies against oral carcinoma.
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Costa-Paiva EM, Schrago CG, Coates CJ, Halanych KM. Discovery of Novel Hemocyanin-Like Genes in Metazoans. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2018; 235:134-151. [PMID: 30624121 DOI: 10.1086/700181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Among animals, two major groups of oxygen-binding proteins are found: proteins that use iron to bind oxygen (hemoglobins and hemerythrins) and two non-homologous hemocyanins that use copper. Although arthropod and mollusc hemocyanins bind oxygen in the same manner, they are distinct in their molecular structures. In order to better understand the range of natural variation in hemocyanins, we searched for them in a diverse array of metazoan transcriptomes by using bioinformatics tools to examine hemocyanin evolutionary history and to consequently revive the discussion about whether all metazoan hemocyanins shared a common origin with frequent losses or whether they originated separately after the divergence of Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa. We confirm that the distribution of hemocyanin-like genes is more widespread than previously reported, including five putative novel mollusc hemocyanin genes in two annelid species from Chaetopteridae. For arthropod hemocyanins, 16 putative novel genes were retained, and the presence of arthropod hemocyanins in 11 annelid species represents a novel observation. Interestingly, Annelida is the lineage that presents the greatest repertoire of oxygen transport proteins reported to date, possessing all the main superfamily proteins, which could be explained partially by the immense variability of lifestyles and habitats. Work presented here contradicts the canonical view that hemocyanins are restricted to molluscs and arthropods, suggesting that the occurrence of copper-based blood pigments in metazoans has been underestimated. Our results also support the idea of the presence of oxygen carrier hemocyanins being widespread across metazoans with an evolutionary history characterized by frequent losses.
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Key Words
- GO, Gene Ontology
- Hbs, hemoglobins
- Hc, hemocyanin
- HcA, arthropod hemocyanin
- HcM, mollusc hemocyanin
- Hrs, hemerythrins
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PE, paired end
- p.p., posterior probability
- tyr, tyrosinase domain
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Schäfer GG, Pedrini-Martha V, Schnegg R, Dallinger R, Jackson DJ, Lieb B. Hemocyanin genes as indicators of habitat shifts in Panpulmonata? Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 130:99-103. [PMID: 30326285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is the primary respiratory protein for the majority of the Mollusca and therefore directly interfaces with the physiological requirements of each species and the environments to which they are adapted. Hemocyanin is therefore likely to have been evolutionarily imprinted by significant habitat shifts. In the gastropod clade Panpulmonata (>30,000 species) major realm transitions have occurred multiple times independently and may have contributed to the diversification of this group. Yet, little is known about the adaptive changes linked to these habitat shifts. In order to gain deeper insight into the evolution of panpulmonate hemocyanins and to infer possible impacts associated with those scenarios, we have assembled and analysed hemocyanin isoforms from 4 panpulmonate species: (i) Helix pomatia, (ii) Cantareus aspersus (both Helicidae, Stylommatophora), (iii) Arion vulgaris (Arionidae, Stylommatophora) and (iv) Lymnaea stagnalis (Lymnaeidae, Hygrophila). Additionally, we describe a new hemocyanin isoform within the genome of the euopisthobranch Aplysia californica. Using these newly acquired hemocyanin data, we performed a phylogenetic analysis that reveals independent duplication events of hemocyanin within lineages that correlate with significant habitat shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Giannina Schäfer
- Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Veronika Pedrini-Martha
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raimund Schnegg
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reinhard Dallinger
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel John Jackson
- Georg-August University of Göttingen, Department of Geobiology, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lieb
- Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Bux K, Ali SA, Moin ST. Hydration facilitates oxygenation of hemocyanin: perspectives from molecular dynamics simulations. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2018; 47:925-938. [PMID: 29974187 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were applied to deoxy- and oxy-hemocyanins using newly developed force field parameters for the dicopper site to evaluate their structural and dynamical properties. Data obtained from the simulations provided information of the oxygenation effect on the active site and overall topology of the protein that was analyzed by root-mean-square deviations, b-factors, and dicopper coordination geometries. Domain I of the protein was found to demonstrate higher flexibility with respect to domain II because of the interfacial rotation between domain I and II that was further endorsed by computing correlative domain movements for both forms of the protein. The oxygenation effect on the overall structure of the protein or polypeptide subunit was further explored via gyration radii evaluated for the metal-binding domain and for the whole subunit. The evaluation of hydration dynamics was carried out to understand the water mediated role of amino acid residues of the solvent tunnel facilitating the entry of oxygen molecule to the dicopper site of hemocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khair Bux
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Tarique Moin
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Scherbaum S, Hellmann N, Fernández R, Pick C, Burmester T. Diversity, evolution, and function of myriapod hemocyanins. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:107. [PMID: 29976142 PMCID: PMC6034248 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemocyanin transports O2 in the hemolymph of many arthropod species. Such respiratory proteins have long been considered unnecessary in Myriapoda. As a result, the presence of hemocyanin in Myriapoda has long been overlooked. We analyzed transcriptome and genome sequences from all major myriapod taxa – Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla, and Pauropoda – with the aim of identifying hemocyanin-like proteins. Results We investigated the genomes and transcriptomes of 56 myriapod species and identified 46 novel full-length hemocyanin subunit sequences in 20 species of Chilopoda, Diplopoda, and Symphyla, but not Pauropoda. We found in Cleidogona sp. (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida) a hemocyanin-like sequence with mutated copper-binding centers, which cannot bind O2. An RNA-seq approach showed markedly different hemocyanin mRNA levels from ~ 6 to 25,000 reads per kilobase per million reads. To evaluate the contribution of hemocyanin to O2 transport, we specifically studied the hemocyanin of the centipede Scolopendra dehaani. This species harbors two distinct hemocyanin subunits with low expression levels. We showed cooperative O2 binding in the S. dehaani hemolymph, indicating that hemocyanin supports O2 transport even at low concentration. Further, we demonstrated that hemocyanin is > 1500-fold more highly expressed in the fertilized egg than in the adult. Conclusion Hemocyanin was most likely the respiratory protein in the myriapod stem-lineage, but multiple taxa may have independently lost hemocyanin and thus the ability of efficient O2 transport. In myriapods, hemocyanin is much more widespread than initially appreciated. Some myriapods express hemocyanin only at low levels, which are, nevertheless, sufficient for O2 supply. Notably, also in myriapods, a non-respiratory protein similar to insect storage hexamerins evolved from the hemocyanin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1221-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadja Hellmann
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rosa Fernández
- Museum of Comparative Zoology & Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Bioinformatics & Genomics Unit, Center for Genomic Regulation, 08004, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Pick
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
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Cui Z, Huang L, Ding Y, Zhu X, Lu X, Cai Y. Compartmentalization and Unidirectional Cross-Domain Molecule Shuttling of Organometallic Single-Chain Nanoparticles. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:572-575. [PMID: 35632933 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Compartmentalization and unidirectional cross-domain molecule shuttling are omnipresent in proteins, and play key roles in molecular recognition, enzymatic reaction, and other living functions. Nanomachinery design emulating these biological functions is being considered as one of the most ambitious and challenging tasks in modern chemistry and nanoscience. Here, we present a biomimetic nanomachinery design using single-chain technology. Stepwise complex of the outer blocks of water-soluble linear ABC triblock terpolymer to copper ions yields dumbbell-shaped single-chain nanoparticle. A novel nanomachine capable of compartmentalization and unidirectional cross-domain molecule shuttling has been achieved upon ascorbic acid reduction, leading to synergistically donating/accepting copper centers between discrete double heads, overall dumbbell-to-tadpole configurational transition, and intake of oxidized ascorbic acid into reconstructed head. Subsequent air oxidation results in the inverse molecule shuttling and configurational transition processes. This is the first demonstration of biomimetic nanomachinery design that is capable of compartmentalization and unidirectional cross-domain molecule shuttling, exemplified simply using a new single-chain technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Cui
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Leilei Huang
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Ding
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuechao Zhu
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinhua Lu
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuanli Cai
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Palacios M, Tampe R, Del Campo M, Zhong TY, López MN, Salazar-Onfray F, Becker MI. Antitumor activity and carrier properties of novel hemocyanins coupled to a mimotope of GD2 ganglioside. Eur J Med Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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46
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Kato S, Matsui T, Gatsogiannis C, Tanaka Y. Molluscan hemocyanin: structure, evolution, and physiology. Biophys Rev 2017; 10:191-202. [PMID: 29235083 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most molluscs have blue blood because their respiratory molecule is hemocyanin, a type-3 copper-binding protein that turns blue upon oxygen binding. Molluscan hemocyanins are huge cylindrical multimeric glycoproteins that are found freely dissolved in the hemolymph. With molecular masses ranging from 3.3 to 13.5 MDa, molluscan hemocyanins are among the largest known proteins. They form decamers or multi-decamers of 330- to 550-kDa subunits comprising more than seven paralogous functional units. Based on the organization of functional domains, they assemble to form decamers, di-decamers, and tri-decamers. Their structure has been investigated using a combination of single particle electron cryo-microsopy of the entire structure and high-resolution X-ray crystallography of the functional unit, although, the one exception is squid hemocyanin for which a crystal structure analysis of the entire molecule has been carried out. In this review, we explain the molecular characteristics of molluscan hemocyanin mainly from the structural viewpoint, in which the structure of the functional unit, architecture of the huge cylindrical multimer, relationship between the composition of the functional unit and entire tertiary structure, and possible functions of the carbohydrates are introduced. We also discuss the evolutionary implications and physiological significance of molluscan hemocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Kato
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Christos Gatsogiannis
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan. .,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
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González A, Nova E, Del Campo M, Manubens A, De Ioannes A, Ferreira J, Becker MI. The oxygen-binding properties of hemocyanin from the mollusk Concholepas concholepas. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:1746-1757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Hasegawa DK, Chen W, Zheng Y, Kaur N, Wintermantel WM, Simmons AM, Fei Z, Ling KS. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals networks of genes activated in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci when fed on tomato plants infected with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Virology 2017; 513:52-64. [PMID: 29035786 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci can transmit hundreds of viruses to numerous agricultural crops in the world. Five genera of viruses, including Begomovirus and Crinivirus, are transmitted by B. tabaci. There is little knowledge about the genes involved in virus acquisition and transmission by whiteflies. Using a comparative transcriptomics approach, we evaluated the gene expression profiles of whiteflies (B. tabaci MEAM1) after feeding on tomato infected by a begomovirus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), in comparison to a recent study, in which whiteflies were fed on tomato infected by the crinivirus, Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV). The data revealed similar temporal trends in gene expression, but large differences in the number of whitefly genes when fed on TYLCV or ToCV-infected tomato. Transcription factors, cathepsins, receptors, and a hemocyanin gene, which is implicated in mediating antiviral immune responses in other insects and possibly virus transmission, were some of the genes identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Hasegawa
- USDA-ARS, US Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Navneet Kaur
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research, Salinas, California, USA.
| | | | - Alvin M Simmons
- USDA-ARS, US Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA; USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Kai-Shu Ling
- USDA-ARS, US Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin exhibits antitumor activity in S180 mouse model in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183783. [PMID: 28854214 PMCID: PMC5576664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocyanin is a multifunctional glycoprotein, which also plays multiple roles in immune defense. While it has been demonstrated that hemocyanin from some mollusks can induce potent immune response and is therefore undergoing clinical trials to be used in anti-tumor immunotherapy, little is currently known about how hemocyanin from arthropods affect tumors. In this study we investigated the anti-tumor activity of hemocyanin from Litopenaeus vannamei on Sarcoma-180 (S180) tumor-bearing mice model. Eight days treatment with 4mg/kg bodyweight of hemocyanin significantly inhibited the growth of S180 up to 49% as compared to untreated. Similarly, histopathology analysis showed a significant decrease in tumor cell number and density in the tissues of treated mice. Moreover, there was a significant increase in immune organs index, lymphocyte proliferation, NK cell cytotoxic activity and serum TNF-α level, suggesting that hemocyanin could improve the immunity of the S180 tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, there was a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and a decrease in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and liver, which further suggest that hemocyanin improved the anti-oxidant ability of the S180 tumor-bearing mice. Collectively, our data demonstrated that L. vannamei hemocyanin had a significant antitumor activity in mice.
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Li R, Xu Z, Mu C, Song W, Wang C. Molecular cloning and characterization of a hemocyanin from Sepiella maindroni. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:228-243. [PMID: 28602684 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanins are respiratory proteins occurring freely dissolved in the hemolymph of many arthropods and molluscs. Hemocyanin and hemocyanin-derived peptides have been linked to key aspects of innate immunity. In the present study, the full-length cDNA encoding hemocyanin in Sepiella maindroni (SmHc) was cloned and characterized. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that SmHc contains one open reading frame of 10,032 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 3343 amino acids. Sequence analysis showed that the predicted protein sequence of SmHc contained eight functional units (FUs). Phylogenic analysis revealed that SmHc clustered with the mollusc Hcs. Quantitative real-time PCR assay detected SmHc transcripts were in a wide range of tissues, but mainly distributed in gills. After hypoxia or bacterial challenge, the expression level of SmHc in the gills was significantly higher than that of the control group. These results suggested that SmHc might play important roles in oxygen transport and the modulation of immune response in S. maindroni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhuting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Weiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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