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Nchanji EB, Ageyo OC, Puskur R, Templer N, Maereka EK. Towards gender-transformative metrics in seed system performance measurement: insights for policy and practice in Sub-Sahara Africa. CABI AGRICULTURE AND BIOSCIENCE 2024; 5:83. [PMID: 39346115 PMCID: PMC11436421 DOI: 10.1186/s43170-024-00291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Context Food insecurity in Sub-Sahara Africa hinges on addressing salient gender inequities within the seed system. While efficient seed system promises reduced systemic inefficiencies to fast-track seed delivery to the smallholder farmers, a dearth of standardized industry metrices to understand the intersectionality of seed system and gender issues exist. Specifically, metrices on guaranteed seed access, reach, benefit, women's empowerment and ultimate transformation of women, youth and vulnerable people's livelihoods are less understood. The existing metrices are aggregated at very high levels and limit the ability of policymakers and industry stakeholders to effectively address gender-based inequities for an optimized seed system. Objective Our objective is to challenge the status quo industry metrics used by seed industry players and apply a gender framework that strikes a balance between the needs of women, youth and vulnerable peoples in the system, vis-a-vis the need of public, private, and civil society actors. Therefore, the study seeks to evaluate how seed system metrics can be effectively tailored to address gender gaps for enhanced agricultural productivity and food security in Sub-Sahara African context. It also refines the proposals of Kennedy and Speilman and introduce gender-specific metrices that may hold promise to address women and youth's challenges within the seed system. Methods A systemic review of current industry metrices was conducted and the newly developed reach, benefit, empower and transform (RBET) framework was applied to synthesize the responsiveness of current seed industry indicators on gender issues. Online databases and repositories with key search words that returned 204 results including some gray literature. Results and conclusion Using common bean seed system as an illustration, the study found critical gaps in measuring seed industry performance, innovation, structure, seed registration and quality control, intellectual property rights using the reach, benefit, empower and transform approach. Thus, a set of gender responsive indicators was suggested to address gender and inclusive matrices that the seed industry often neglects. Using the reach, benefit, empower and transform approach we have included gender responsive indicators meant to close existing gender gaps. Some of these indicators addressed include women participation, trait preferences, seed packaging sizing, seed system leadership, decision-making capacities, labor intensity/drudgery and use of digital platforms such as point-of-sale tracking systems to reach last mile farmers among others. Significance This study uses the newly-developed Reach, Benefit, Empower, and Transform (RBET) Framework together with the already existing Spielman-Kennedy framework. It is timely to inform policymaking process on seed system design, to enhance seed industry performance monitoring, and provide practitioners with the knowledge and missing links in efforts to align the seed system's performance with gender outcomes in a measurable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Noel Templer
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya
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2
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Loganathan P, Sun W, He Z. Optimization and Production of Exopolysaccharides (EPS) and Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Under Chromium by Halophilic Bacteria Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1727-1737. [PMID: 37442921 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study assessed the levels of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and the impacts of halophilic bacteria Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4 under Cr (VI). The effects of W4 were tested for its ability to remove Cr (VI) at several concentrations, the removal rate was reached after 48 h at 58.4%, 53.3%, 49.2%, and 43.1%). After 12-48 h, the maximum removal rate of 29-58% was found at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L (Cr (VI)). The Box-Behnken design based on response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the EPS, including pH, sucrose concentration, and incubation period. The highest EPS yield (314.5 mg/L) was obtained under 96 h at pH 7.0, with 5% sucrose concentration. The strain Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4 was tested for its ability to create EPS at various concentrations of Cr (VI). After 96 h, it generated the maximum amount of EPS (216.3 mg/L) at a concentration of 50 mg/L. By using FT-IR spectrum measurements, it was confirmed that hexavalent chromium and EPS had surface chemical interactions. At various Cr (VI) concentrations, the isolate W4 was tested for its ability to secrete Indole-3 acetic acid. IAA secretion (control) without Cr (VI) achieved a maximum of 1.45 mg/ml at 120 h. At 200 mg/L Cr (VI) concentration, 1.65 mg/ml of IAA was also produced after 48 h. According to the findings, Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4 was a promising isolate in a stressful environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praburaman Loganathan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Department of Research, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600078, India
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhiguo He
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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3
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Chen M, Zhang J, Wang J, Lin L, Wei W, Shen Y, Wei D. A type I pullulanase from
Geobacillus subterraneus
: Functional expression in
Escherichia coli
, enzyme characterization, truncation, and application. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mianhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Newworld Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Newworld Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Newworld Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 People's Republic of China
- Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Shanghai 200241 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Newworld Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Newworld Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Newworld Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
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4
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Wang Q, Guo S, Ali M, Song X, Tang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Luo Y. Thermally enhanced bioremediation: A review of the fundamentals and applications in soil and groundwater remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 433:128749. [PMID: 35364527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermally enhanced bioremediation (TEB), a new concept proposed in recent years, explores the combination of thermal treatment and bioremediation to address the challenges of the low efficiency and long duration of bioremediation. This study presented a comprehensive review regarding the fundamentals of TEB and its applications in soil and groundwater remediation. The temperature effects on the bioremediation of contaminants were systematically reviewed. The thermal effects on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil, and the corresponding changes of contaminants bioavailability and microbial metabolic activities were summarized. Specifically, the increase in temperature within a suitable range can proliferate enzymes enrichment, extracellular polysaccharides and biosurfactants production, and further enhancing bioremediation. Furthermore, a systematic evaluation of TEB applications by utilizing traditional in situ heating technologies, as well as renewable energy (e.g., stored aquifer thermal energy and solar energy), was provided. Additionally, TEB has been applied as a biological polishing technology post thermal treatment, which can be a cost-effective method to address the contaminants rebounds in groundwater remediation. However, there are still various challenges to be addressed in TEB, and future research perspectives to further improve the basic understanding and applications of TEB for the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Siwei Guo
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mukhtiar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhiwen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuanxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Bacterial Arsenic Metabolism and Its Role in Arsenic Bioremediation. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:131. [PMID: 35290506 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic contaminations, often adversely influencing the living organisms, including plants, animals, and the microbial communities, are of grave apprehension. Many physical, chemical, and biological techniques are now being explored to minimize the adverse affects of arsenic toxicity. Bioremediation of arsenic species using arsenic loving bacteria has drawn much attention. Arsenate and arsenite are mostly uptaken by bacteria through aquaglycoporins and phosphate transporters. After entering arsenic inside bacterial cell arsenic get metabolized (e.g., reduction, oxidation, methylation, etc.) into different forms. Arsenite is sequentially methylated into monomethyl arsenic acid (MMA) and dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA), followed by a transformation of less toxic, volatile trimethyl arsenic acid (TMA). Passive remediation techniques, including adsorption, biomineralization, bioaccumulation, bioleaching, and so on are exploited by bacteria. Rhizospheric bacterial association with some specific plants enhances phytoextraction process. Arsenic-resistant rhizospheric bacteria have immense role in enhancement of crop plant growth and development, but their applications are not well studied till date. Emerging techniques like phytosuction separation (PS-S) have a promising future, but still light to be focused on these techniques. Plant-associated bioremediation processes like phytoextraction and phytosuction separation (PS-S) techniques might be modified by treating with potent bacteria for furtherance.
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6
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Intuitionistic fuzzy inference system with weighted comprehensive evaluation considering standard deviation-cosine entropy: a fused forecasting model. Neural Comput Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-022-07082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Yuan C, Li P, Qing C, Kou Z, Wang H. Different Regulatory Strategies of Arsenite Oxidation by Two Isolated Thermus tengchongensis Strains From Hot Springs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:817891. [PMID: 35359718 PMCID: PMC8963470 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.817891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous constituent in geothermal fluids. Thermophiles represented by Thermus play vital roles in its transformation in geothermal fluids. In this study, two Thermus tengchongensis strains, named as 15Y and 15W, were isolated from arsenic-rich geothermal springs and found different arsenite oxidation behaviors with different oxidation strategies. Arsenite oxidation of both strains occurred at different growth stages, and two enzyme-catalyzed reaction kinetic models were observed. The arsenite oxidase of Thermus strain 15W performed better oxidation activity, exhibiting typical Michaelis–Menten kinetics. The kinetic parameter of arsenite oxidation in whole cell showed a Vmax of 18.48 μM min–1 and KM of 343 μM. Both of them possessed the arsenite oxidase-coding genes aioB and aioA. However, the expression of gene aioBA was constitutive in strain 15W, whereas it was induced by arsenite in strain 15Y. Furthermore, strain 15Y harbored an intact aio operon including the regulatory gene of the ArsR family, whereas a genetic inversion of an around 128-kbp fragment produced the inactivation of this regulator in strain 15W, leading to the constitutive expression of aioBA genes. This study provides a valuable insight into the adaption of thermophiles to extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Li,
| | - Chun Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhu Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Helin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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8
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A New Strategy for As(V) Biosensing Based on the Inhibition of the Phosphatase Activity of the Arsenate Reductase from Thermus thermophilus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062942. [PMID: 35328363 PMCID: PMC8949286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) pollution is a widespread problem worldwide. In recent years, biosensors based on enzymatic inhibition have been developed for arsenic detection, making the study of the effect of inhibitors on the selected enzymatic activity crucial for their setup. The arsenate reductase of Thermus thermophilus HB27, TtArsC, reduces As(V) into As(III), but is also endowed with phosphatase activity. This work investigates the inhibitory effects of As(V) and As(III) on phosphatase activity by taking advantage of a simple colorimetric assay; the results show that both of them are non-competitive inhibitors affecting the Vmax but not the KM of the reaction. However, their Ki values are different from each other (15.2 ± 1.6 μM for As(V) and 394.4 ± 40.3 µm with As(III)), indicating a higher inhibitory effect by As(V). Moreover, the inhibition-based biosystem results to be selective for As(V) since several other metal ions and salts do not affect TtArsC phosphatase activity; it exhibits a sensitivity of 0.53 ± 0.03 mU/mg/μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.28 ± 0.02 μM. The good sensitivity and specificity for As(V) point to consider inhibition of TtArsC phosphatase activity for the setup of a novel biosensor for the detection of As(V).
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9
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Soy S, Sharma SR, Nigam VK. Bio-fabrication of thermozyme-based nano-biosensors: their components and present scenario. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS 2022; 33:5523-5533. [PMID: 38624939 PMCID: PMC8800403 DOI: 10.1007/s10854-022-07741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An amalgamation of microbiology, biocatalysis, recombinant molecular biology, and nanotechnology is crucial for groundbreaking innovation in developing nano-biomedicines and sensoristics. Enzyme-based nano-biosensor finds prospective applications in various sectors (environmental, pharmaceutical, food, biorefineries). These applications demand reliable catalytic efficiency and functionality of the enzyme under an extreme operational environment for a prolonged period. Over the last few years, bio-fabrication of nano-biosensors in conjunction with thermozymes from thermophilic microbes is being sought after as a viable design. Thermozymes are known for their robustness, are chemically resistant toward organic solvents, possess higher durability for constant use, catalytic ability, and stability at elevated temperatures. Additionally, several other attributes of thermozymes like substrate specificity, selectivity, and sensitivity make them desirable in developing a customized biosensor. In this review, crucial designing aspects of enzyme-based nano-biosensors like enzyme immobilization on an electrode surface, new materials derived from microbial sources (biopolymers based nanocomposites), improvisation measures for sensitivity, and selectivity have been addressed. It also covers microbial biosynthesis of nanomaterials used to develop sensoristic devices and its numerous applications such as wastewater treatment, biorefineries, and diagnostics. The knowledge will pave the way toward creating consistent eco-friendly, economically viable nanostructured-based technologies with broad applicability and exploitation for industrial use in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehi Soy
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215 India
| | - Shubha Rani Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215 India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nigam
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215 India
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10
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Blockchain-Based Security Model for LoRaWAN Firmware Updates. JOURNAL OF SENSOR AND ACTUATOR NETWORKS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jsan11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is changing the way consumers, businesses, and governments interact with the physical and cyber worlds. More often than not, IoT devices are designed for specific functional requirements or use cases without paying too much attention to security. Consequently, attackers usually compromise IoT devices with lax security to retrieve sensitive information such as encryption keys, user passwords, and sensitive URLs. Moreover, expanding IoT use cases and the exponential growth in connected smart devices significantly widen the attack surface. Despite efforts to deal with security problems, the security of IoT devices and the privacy of the data they collect and process are still areas of concern in research. Whenever vulnerabilities are discovered, device manufacturers are expected to release patches or new firmware to fix the vulnerabilities. There is a need to prioritize firmware attacks, because they enable the most high-impact threats that go beyond what is possible with traditional attacks. In IoT, delivering and deploying new firmware securely to affected devices remains a challenge. This study aims to develop a security model that employs Blockchain and the InterPlanentary File System (IPFS) to secure firmware transmission over a low data rate, constrained Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). The proposed security model ensures integrity, confidentiality, availability, and authentication and focuses on resource-constrained low-powered devices. To demonstrate the utility and applicability of the proposed model, a proof of concept was implemented and evaluated using low-powered devices. The experimental results show that the proposed model is feasible for constrained and low-powered LoRaWAN devices.
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11
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A Hyperthermoactive-Cas9 Editing Tool Reveals the Role of a Unique Arsenite Methyltransferase in the Arsenic Resistance System of Thermus thermophilus HB27. mBio 2021; 12:e0281321. [PMID: 34872358 PMCID: PMC8649762 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02813-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic detoxification systems can be found in a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to humans. In a previous study, we discovered an arsenic-responsive transcriptional regulator in the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27 (TtSmtB). Here, we characterize the arsenic resistance system of T. thermophilus in more detail. We employed TtSmtB-based pulldown assays with protein extracts from cultures treated with arsenate and arsenite to obtain an S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent arsenite methyltransferase (TtArsM). In vivo and in vitro analyses were performed to shed light on this new component of the arsenic resistance network and its peculiar catalytic mechanism. Heterologous expression of TtarsM in Escherichia coli resulted in arsenite detoxification at mesophilic temperatures. Although TtArsM does not contain a canonical arsenite binding site, the purified protein does catalyze SAM-dependent arsenite methylation with formation of monomethylarsenites (MMAs) and dimethylarsenites (DMAs). In addition, in vitro analyses confirmed the unique interaction between TtArsM and TtSmtB. Next, a highly efficient ThermoCas9-based genome-editing tool was developed to delete the TtArsM-encoding gene on the T. thermophilus genome and to confirm its involvement in the arsenite detoxification system. Finally, the TtarsX efflux pump gene in the T. thermophilus ΔTtarsM genome was substituted by a gene encoding a stabilized yellow fluorescent protein (sYFP) to create a sensitive genome-based bioreporter system for the detection of arsenic ions.
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12
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Kaur G, Krol M, Brar SK. Geothermal heating: Is it a boon or a bane for bioremediation? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117609. [PMID: 34182401 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There has been a worldwide interest in renewable energy technologies, as a means of decreasing reliance on fossil fuels, minimizing climate change effects, and reducing greenhouse emissions. One such technology is geothermal heating where the constant subsurface temperature is used to cool or heat building interiors via heat pumps. In Canada, the use of geothermal heating has become a popular option for heating and cooling buildings, and it is anticipated that, in the near term, most large buildings will include geothermal heating as part of their climate control strategy. However, little is known about the environmental impacts of geothermal heating on the subsurface environment. The present review will examine the effect of geothermal heating on groundwater flow and remediation efforts, whereby the heat generated by geothermal systems may help with urban pollution. "Geothermal Remediation" could leverage the subsurface heating resulting from geothermal systems to accelerate biodegradation of certain petroleum-based pollutants at brown-field sites, while providing building(s) with sustainable heating and cooling. This idea coincides with the rising momentum towards sustainable and green remediation in Europe and the United States. To ensure that Geothermal Remediation is achievable, the effect of heat on bioremediation needs to be examined. This review provides an insight into what we know about heat effects on bioremediation activities and subsurface transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Magdalena Krol
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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13
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Alka S, Shahir S, Ibrahim N, Rahmad N, Haliba N, Abd Manan F. Histological and proteome analyses of Microbacterium foliorum-mediated decrease in arsenic toxicity in Melastoma malabathricum. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:336. [PMID: 34221807 PMCID: PMC8208456 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is an increasing threat across the globe, widely known as a non-threshold carcinogen, and it is reaching harmful values in several areas of the world. In this study, the effect of plant growth promoting bacteria (Microbacterium foliorum) on inorganic arsenic (Arsenate) phytoremediation by Melastoma malabathricum plants was investigated through histological analysis and proteome profiling of the M. malabathricum plants. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy were used to conduct the proteome and histological analysis. When arsenic-treated cells were compared to untreated cells, substantial changes were found (1) severely altered the morphology of the cells, intensely disturbed; (2) the cell wall was thicker; (3) drastically changed the cytoplasm, the cells were polygonal in shape, different in size (scattered), and relatively dense. Compared to the control group, the ultra-structure of the root cells of the control group revealed intact cytoplasm, vacuole, and cell wall under exposure to As + bacteria that had a minor effect on the cell form. To further understand As + bacteria interaction, proteome profiling of the root cell was analyzed. The As-induced oxidative stress enrichment was confirmed by the up-regulation of tubulin, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, and major allergen during As + bacteria exposure It was observed that the profusion of proteins involved in defence, protein biogenesis, signaling, photosynthesis, nucleoside and energy metabolism was greater in As + bacteria as compared to the rooting out of As only. Overall, it can be obviously seen that the current study demonstrates the effectiveness of phytoremediation by M. foliorum on proteins involved and responsive pathways in dealing with As toxicity in M. malabathricum plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Alka
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Shafinaz Shahir
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Norahim Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Norasfaliza Rahmad
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), c/o MARDI Headquater, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norhazalina Haliba
- University Industry Research Laboratory, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Fazilah Abd Manan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
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14
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Mariadasse R, Rajmichael R, Dwivedy A, Amala M, Ahmad M, Mutharasappan N, Biswal BK, Jeyakanthan J. Characterization of putative transcriptional regulator (PH0140) and its distal homologue. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110031. [PMID: 33932498 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using 1854 sequences of various Lrp/AnsC (FFRPs) and ArsR proteins from pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms. Despite having sequence similarities, FFRPs and ArsR proteins functioning differently as a transcriptional regulator and de-repressor in the presence of exogenous amino acids and metal ions, respectively. To understand these functional differences, the structures of various FFRPs and ArsR proteins (134 sequences) were modeled. Several ArsR proteins exhibited high similarity to the FFRPs while in few proteins, unusual structural folds were observed. However, the Helix-turn-Helix (HTH) domains are common among them and the ligand-binding domains are structurally dissimilar suggest the differences in their binding preferences. Despite low sequence conservation, most of these proteins revealed negatively charged surfaces in the active site pockets. Representative structures (PH0140 and TtArsR protein) from FFRPs and ArsR protein families were considered and evaluated for their functional differences using molecular modeling studies. Our earlier study has explained the binding preference of exogenous Tryptophan and the related transcriptional regulatory mechanism of PH0140 protein. In this study, a Cu2+ ion-induced de-repression mechanism of the TtArsR-DNA complex was characterized through docking and molecular dynamics. Further, the proteins were purified and their efficiency for sensing Tryptophan and Cu2+ ions were analyzed using cyclic voltammetry. Overall, the study explores the structural evolution and functional difference of FFRPs and ArsR proteins that present the possibilities of PH0140 and TtArsR as potential bio-sensory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mariadasse
- Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, India
| | - Raji Rajmichael
- Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, India
| | | | - Mathimaran Amala
- Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, India
| | | | - Nachiappan Mutharasappan
- Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, India
| | | | - Jeyaraman Jeyakanthan
- Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, India.
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15
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Aulitto M, Gallo G, Puopolo R, Mormone A, Limauro D, Contursi P, Piochi M, Bartolucci S, Fiorentino G. Genomic Insight of Alicyclobacillus mali FL18 Isolated From an Arsenic-Rich Hot Spring. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:639697. [PMID: 33897644 PMCID: PMC8060452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme environments are excellent places to find microorganisms capable of tolerating extreme temperature, pH, salinity pressure, and elevated concentration of heavy metals and other toxic compounds. In the last decades, extremophilic microorganisms have been extensively studied since they can be applied in several fields of biotechnology along with their enzymes. In this context, the characterization of heavy metal resistance determinants in thermophilic microorganisms is the starting point for the development of new biosystems and bioprocesses for environmental monitoring and remediation. This work focuses on the isolation and the genomic exploration of a new arsenic-tolerant microorganism, classified as Alicyclobacillus mali FL18. The bacterium was isolated from a hot mud pool of the solfataric terrains in Pisciarelli, a well-known hydrothermally active zone of the Campi Flegrei volcano near Naples in Italy. A. mali FL18 showed a good tolerance to arsenite (MIC value of 41 mM), as well as to other metals such as nickel (MIC 30 mM), cobalt, and mercury (MIC 3 mM and 17 μM, respectively). Signatures of arsenic resistance genes (one arsenate reductase, one arsenite methyltransferase, and several arsenite exporters) were found interspersed in the genome as well as several multidrug resistance efflux transporters that could be involved in the export of drugs and heavy metal ions. Moreover, the strain showed a high resistance to bacitracin and ciprofloxacin, suggesting that the extreme environment has positively selected multiple resistances to different toxic compounds. This work provides, for the first time, insights into the heavy metal tolerance and antibiotic susceptibility of an Alicyclobacillus strain and highlights its putative molecular determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Aulitto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rosanna Puopolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Mormone
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli Osservatorio Vesuviano, Naples, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Piochi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli Osservatorio Vesuviano, Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
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16
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Gallego-Ríos SE, Peñuela GA. Evaluation of ibuprofen and diclofenac in the main rivers of Colombia and striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:210. [PMID: 33755811 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This is one of the first studies carried out over three climatic seasons on the determination of ibuprofen and diclofenac, in the main rivers of Colombia and striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum. Determination of water concentrations was carried out using SPE extraction, while for the analysis of the muscular tissue, the extraction was carried out by QuEChERS. For both matrices, quantification was done by UHPLC-MS/MS. No levels of ibuprofen or diclofenac concentrations were found in the muscle tissue of Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, in any season or sampling site, during the 2 years of sampling. In some sampling sites, concentrations of up to 75 µg/L of diclofenac were detected, corresponding to the sampling carried out in the dry season, being the highest reported so far in surface waters, possibly generated by large concentrations of population or agricultural activities. On the other hand, for ibuprofen, no concentrations above the limit of quantification (0.50 µg/L) were found in the waters of the Cauca and Magdalena rivers, for any season and sampling site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Gallego-Ríos
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
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Puopolo R, Sorrentino I, Gallo G, Piscitelli A, Giardina P, Le Goff A, Fiorentino G. Self-assembling thermostable chimeras as new platform for arsenic biosensing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2991. [PMID: 33542380 PMCID: PMC7862302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct immobilization and orientation of enzymes on nanosurfaces is a crucial step either for the realization of biosensors, as well as to guarantee the efficacy of the developed biomaterials. In this work we produced two versions of a chimeric protein, namely ArsC-Vmh2 and Vmh2-ArsC, which combined the self-assembling properties of Vmh2, a hydrophobin from Pleurotus ostreatus, with that of TtArsC, a thermophilic arsenate reductase from Thermus thermophilus; both chimeras were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified from inclusion bodies. They were characterized for their enzymatic capability to reduce As(V) into As(III), as well as for their immobilization properties on polystyrene and gold in comparison to the native TtArsC. The chimeric proteins immobilized on polystyrene can be reused up to three times and stored for 15 days with 50% of activity loss. Immobilization on gold electrodes showed that both chimeras follow a classic Langmuir isotherm model towards As(III) recognition, with an association constant (KAsIII) between As(III) and the immobilized enzyme, equal to 650 (± 100) L mol-1 for ArsC-Vmh2 and to 1200 (± 300) L mol-1 for Vmh2-ArsC. The results demonstrate that gold-immobilized ArsC-Vmh2 and Vmh2-ArsC can be exploited as electrochemical biosensors to detect As(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Puopolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piscitelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alan Le Goff
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Puopolo R, Gallo G, Mormone A, Limauro D, Contursi P, Piochi M, Bartolucci S, Fiorentino G. Identification of a New Heavy-Metal-Resistant Strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Isolated from a Hydrothermally Active Volcanic Area in Southern Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2678. [PMID: 32295125 PMCID: PMC7215868 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms thriving in hot springs and hydrothermally active volcanic areas are dynamically involved in heavy-metal biogeochemical cycles; they have developed peculiar resistance systems to cope with such metals which nowadays can be considered among the most permanent and toxic pollutants for humans and the environment. For this reason, their exploitation is functional to unravel mechanisms of toxic-metal detoxification and to address bioremediation of heavy-metal pollution with eco-sustainable approaches. In this work, we isolated a novel strain of the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus from the solfataric mud pool in Pisciarelli, a well-known hydrothermally active zone of the Campi Flegrei volcano located near Naples in Italy, and characterized it by ribotyping, 16S rRNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analyses. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) toward several heavy-metal ions indicated that the novel G. stearothermophilus isolate is particularly resistant to some of them. Functional and morphological analyses suggest that it is endowed with metal resistance systems for arsenic and cadmium detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Puopolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Napoli, Italy; (R.P.); (G.G.); (D.L.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Napoli, Italy; (R.P.); (G.G.); (D.L.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Angela Mormone
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Osservatorio Vesuviano, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Danila Limauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Napoli, Italy; (R.P.); (G.G.); (D.L.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Napoli, Italy; (R.P.); (G.G.); (D.L.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Monica Piochi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Osservatorio Vesuviano, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Simonetta Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Napoli, Italy; (R.P.); (G.G.); (D.L.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Napoli, Italy; (R.P.); (G.G.); (D.L.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
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Fiorentino G, Contursi P, Gallo G, Bartolucci S, Limauro D. A peroxiredoxin of Thermus thermophilus HB27: Biochemical characterization of a new player in the antioxidant defence. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:608-615. [PMID: 32165200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To fight oxidative damage due to reactive oxygen species (ROS), cells are equipped of different enzymes, among which Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) (EC 1.11.1.15) play a key role. Prxs are thiol-based enzymes containing one (1-Cys Prx) or two (2-Cys Prx) catalytic cysteine residues. In 2-Cys Prxs the cysteine residues form a disulfide bridge following reduction of peroxide which is in turn reduced by Thioredoxin reductase (Tr) /Thioredoxin (Trx) disulfide reducing system to regenerate the enzyme. In this paper we investigated on Prxs of Thermus thermophilus whose genome contains an ORF TT_C0933 encoding a putative Prx, belonging to the subfamily of Bacterioferritin comigratory protein (Bcp): the synthetic gene was produced and expressed in E. coli and the recombinant protein, TtBcp, was biochemically characterized. TtBcp was active on both organic and inorganic peroxides and showed stability at high temperatures. To get insight into disulfide reducing system involved in the recycling of the enzyme we showed that TtBcp catalically eliminates hydrogen peroxide using an unusual partner, the Protein Disulfide Oxidoreductase (TtPDO) that could replace regeneration of the enzyme. Altogether these results highlight not only a new anti-oxidative pathway but also a promising molecule for possible future biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, Naples, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, Naples, Italy.
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20
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Han YH, Yin DX, Jia MR, Wang SS, Chen Y, Rathinasabapathi B, Chen DL, Ma LQ. Arsenic-resistance mechanisms in bacterium Leclercia adecarboxylata strain As3-1: Biochemical and genomic analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1178-1189. [PMID: 31470481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial arsenic transformation is important in As biogeochemical cycles in the environment. In this study, a new As-resistant bacterial strain Leclercia adecarboxylata As3-1 was isolated and its associated mechanisms in As resistance and detoxification were evaluated based on genome sequencing and gene annotations. After subjecting strain As3-1 to medium containing arsenate (AsV), AsV reduction occurred and an AsV-enhanced bacterial growth was observed. Strain As3-1 lacked arsenite (AsIII) oxidation ability and displayed lower AsIII resistance than AsV, probably due to its higher AsIII accumulation. Polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analysis showed that strain As3-1 harbored a typical AsV reductase gene (arsC) on the plasmids. Genome sequencing and gene annotations identified four operons phoUpstBACS, arsHRBC, arsCRDABC and ttrRSBCA, with 8 additional genes outside the operons that might have involved in As resistance and detoxification in strain As3-1. These included 5 arsC genes explaining why strain As3-1 tolerated high AsV concentrations. Besides ArsC, TtrB, TtrC and TtrA proteins could also be involved in AsV reduction and consequent energy acquisition for bacterial growth. Our data provided a new example of diverse As-regulating systems and AsV-enhanced growth without ArrA in bacteria. The information helps to understand the role of As in selecting microbial systems that can transform and utilize As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-He Han
- Quangang Petrochemical Research Institute, Fujian Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Dai-Xia Yin
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Meng-Ru Jia
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Quangang Petrochemical Research Institute, Fujian Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Bala Rathinasabapathi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Deng-Long Chen
- Quangang Petrochemical Research Institute, Fujian Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, China; Innovative Center for Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China; Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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21
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Kumari N, Rana A, Jagadevan S. Arsenite biotransformation by Rhodococcus sp.: Characterization, optimization using response surface methodology and mechanistic studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:577-589. [PMID: 31216511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A large population of the world is under increased health risk due to consumption of arsenic contaminated groundwater. The present study investigates the arsenic resistance and arsenic biotransforming ability in three bacterial species, namely Bacillus arsenicus, Rhodococcus sp. and Alcaligenes faecalis for employing them in potential groundwater bioremediation programmes. The tolerance to pH levels for the 3 organisms are 6-9 for A. faecalis, 5-10 for Rhodococcus and 5-9 for B. arsenicus. The arsenic bio-oxidation capacity was qualitatively confirmed by using the silver nitrate method and all three bacteria were able to convert arsenite to arsenate. The arsenite tolerance capacity (MIC values) were found to be 3 mM, 7 mM and 12 mM for B. arsenicus, A. faecalis and Rhodococcus sp. respectively. The changes in cellular morphology of these strains under various arsenic stress conditions were studied using advanced cell imaging techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. Rhodococcus sp. emerged as a potential candidate for bioremediation application. A response surface methodology was employed to optimize key parameters affecting arsenic removal (pH, Iron (II) soluble, concentration of humic acid and initial arsenic concentration) and at optimized conditions, experimental runs demonstrated 48.34% removal of As (III) (initial concentration = 500 μg/L) in a duration of 6 h, with complete removal after 48 h. Evidences from this work indicate that arsenic removal occurs through bioaccumulation, biotransformation and biosorption. The present study makes the first attempt to investigate the arsenic removal capability of Rhodococcus sp. in synthetic groundwater by employing bacterial whole cell assays. This study also sheds light on the arsenic tolerance and detoxification mechanisms employed by these bacteria, knowledge of which could be crucial in the successful implementation of in-situ bioremediation programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kumari
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Anu Rana
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Sheeja Jagadevan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India.
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22
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Gallo G, Antonucci I, Pirone L, Amoresano A, Contursi P, Limauro D, Pedone E, Bartolucci S, Fiorentino G. A physicochemical investigation on the metal binding properties of TtSmtB, a thermophilic member of the ArsR/SmtB transcription factor family. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:1056-1063. [PMID: 31356933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors of the ArsR/SmtB family are widespread within the bacterial and archaeal kingdoms. They are transcriptional repressors able to sense a variety of metals and undergo allosteric conformational changes upon metal binding, resulting in derepression of genes involved in detoxification. So far, the molecular determinants of specificity, selectivity, and metal binding mechanism have been scarcely investigated in thermophilic microorganisms. TtSmtB, the only ArsR/SmtB member present in the genome of Thermus thermophilus HB27, was chosen as a model to shed light into such molecular mechanisms at high temperature. In the present study, using a multidisciplinary approach, a structural and functional characterization of the protein was performed focusing on its metal interaction and chemical-physical stability. Our data demonstrate that TtSmtB has two distinct metal binding sites per monomer and interacts with di-tri-penta-valent ions with different affinity. Detailed knowledge at molecular level of protein-metal interaction is remarkable to design metal binding domains as scaffolds in metal-based therapies as well as in metal biorecovery or biosensing in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
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Miralles-Robledillo JM, Torregrosa-Crespo J, Martínez-Espinosa RM, Pire C. DMSO Reductase Family: Phylogenetics and Applications of Extremophiles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3349. [PMID: 31288391 PMCID: PMC6650914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide reductases (DMSO) are molybdoenzymes widespread in all domains of life. They catalyse not only redox reactions, but also hydroxylation/hydration and oxygen transfer processes. Although literature on DMSO is abundant, the biological significance of these enzymes in anaerobic respiration and the molecular mechanisms beyond the expression of genes coding for them are still scarce. In this review, a deep revision of the literature reported on DMSO as well as the use of bioinformatics tools and free software has been developed in order to highlight the relevance of DMSO reductases on anaerobic processes connected to different biogeochemical cycles. Special emphasis has been addressed to DMSO from extremophilic organisms and their role in nitrogen cycle. Besides, an updated overview of phylogeny of DMSOs as well as potential applications of some DMSO reductases on bioremediation approaches are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose María Miralles-Robledillo
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, División de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Torregrosa-Crespo
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, División de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, División de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Pire
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, División de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
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Castro C, Urbieta MS, Plaza Cazón J, Donati ER. Metal biorecovery and bioremediation: Whether or not thermophilic are better than mesophilic microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:317-326. [PMID: 30755320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal mobilization and immobilization catalyzed by microbial action are key processes in environmental biotechnology. Metal mobilization from ores, mining wastes, or solid residues can be used for recovering metals and/or remediating polluted environments; furthermore, immobilization reduces the migration of metals; cleans up effluents plus ground- and surface water; and, moreover, can help to concentrate and recover metals. Usually these processes provide certain advantages over traditional technologies such as more efficient economical and environmentally sustainable results. Since elevated temperatures typically increase chemical kinetics, it could be expected that bioprocesses should also be enhanced by replacing mesophiles with thermophiles or hyperthermophiles. Nevertheless, other issues like process stability, flexibility, and thermophile-versus-mesophile resistance to acidity and/or metal toxicity should be carefully considered. This review critically analyzes and compares thermophilic and mesophilic microbial performances in recent and selected representative examples of metal bioremediation and biorecovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castro
- CINDEFI (CONICET-CCT LA PLATA UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115, (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M S Urbieta
- CINDEFI (CONICET-CCT LA PLATA UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115, (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - J Plaza Cazón
- CINDEFI (CONICET-CCT LA PLATA UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115, (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - E R Donati
- CINDEFI (CONICET-CCT LA PLATA UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115, (1900), La Plata, Argentina
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Lanzilli M, Donadio G, Fusco FA, Sarcinelli C, Limauro D, Ricca E, Isticato R. Display of the peroxiredoxin Bcp1 of Sulfolobus solfataricus on probiotic spores of Bacillus megaterium. N Biotechnol 2018; 46:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Das S, Barooah M. Characterization of siderophore producing arsenic-resistant Staphylococcus sp. strain TA6 isolated from contaminated groundwater of Jorhat, Assam and its possible role in arsenic geocycle. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:104. [PMID: 30180796 PMCID: PMC6122220 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microorganisms specifically bacteria play a crucial role in arsenic mobilization and its distribution in aquatic systems. Although bacteria are well known for their active participation in the different biogeochemical cycles, the role of these bacteria in regulating the concentration of arsenic in Brahmaputra valley has not been investigated in detail. Results In this paper, we report the isolation of an arsenic resistant bacterium TA6 which can efficiently reduce arsenate. The isolate identified as Staphylococcus sp. TA6 based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic identification (FAME) showed resistance to the high concentration of both arsenate and arsenite (As(III) = 30 mM; As(V) = 250 mM), along with cross-tolerance to other heavy metals viz., Hg2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cr2+. The bacterium also had a high siderophore activity (78.7 ± 0.004 μmol) that positively correlated with its ability to resist arsenic. The isolate, Staphylococcus sp. TA6 displayed high bio-transformation ability and reduced 2 mM As(V) initially added into As(III) in a period of 72 h with 88.2% efficiency. The characterization of arsenate reductase enzyme with NADPH coupled assay showed the highest activity at pH 5.5 and temperature of 50 °C. Conclusions This study demonstrates the role of an isolate, Staphylococcus sp. TA6, in the biotransformation of arsenate to arsenite. The presence of ars operon along with the high activity of the arsenate reductase and siderophore production in this isolate may have played an important role in mobilizing arsenate to arsenite and thus increasing the toxicity of arsenic in the aquatic systems of the Brahmaputra valley. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1240-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Das
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India.,Present Address: Panhandle Research and Extension Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, Nebraska, 69361, USA
| | - Madhumita Barooah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India.
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Chan WK, Wildeboer D, Garelick H, Purchase D. Competition of As and other Group 15 elements for surface binding sites of an extremophilic Acidomyces acidophilus isolated from a historical tin mining site. Extremophiles 2018; 22:795-809. [PMID: 30039469 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An arsenic-resistant fungal strain, designated WKC-1, was isolated from a waste roaster pile in a historical tin mine in Cornwall, UK and successfully identified to be Acidomyces acidophilus using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) proteomic-based biotyping approach. WKC-1 showed considerable resistance to As5+ and Sb5+ where the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 22500 and 100 mg L-1, respectively, on Czapex-Dox Agar (CDA) medium; it was substantially more resistant to As5+ than the reference strains CBS 335.97 and CCF 4251. In a modified CDA medium containing 0.02 mg L-1 phosphate, WKC-1 was able to remove 70.30% of As5+ (100 mg L-1). Sorption experiment showed that the maximum capacity of As5+ uptake was 170.82 mg g-1 dry biomass as predicted by the Langmuir model. The presence of Sb5+ reduced the As5+ uptake by nearly 40%. Based on the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, we propose that Sb is competing with As for these sorption sites: OH, NH, CH, SO3 and PO4 on the fungal cell surface. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the impact of other Group 15 elements on the biosorption of As5+ in Acidomyces acidophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kit Chan
- Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Dirk Wildeboer
- Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Hemda Garelick
- Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Diane Purchase
- Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK.
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Fusco FA, Fiorentino G, Pedone E, Contursi P, Bartolucci S, Limauro D. Biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable β-glucosidase from Dictyoglomus turgidum. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Antonucci I, Gallo G, Limauro D, Contursi P, Ribeiro AL, Blesa A, Berenguer J, Bartolucci S, Fiorentino G. Characterization of a promiscuous cadmium and arsenic resistance mechanism in Thermus thermophilus HB27 and potential application of a novel bioreporter system. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:78. [PMID: 29776370 PMCID: PMC5960188 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The characterization of the molecular determinants of metal resistance has potential biotechnological application in biosensing and bioremediation. In this context, the bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27 is a metal tolerant thermophile containing a set of genes involved in arsenic resistance which, differently from other microbes, are not organized into a single operon. They encode the proteins: arsenate reductase, TtArsC, arsenic efflux membrane transporter, TtArsX, and transcriptional repressor, TtSmtB. Results In this work we show that the arsenic efflux protein TtArsX and the arsenic responsive transcriptional repressor TtSmtB are required to provide resistance to cadmium. We analyzed the sensitivity to Cd(II) of mutants lacking TtArsX, finding that they are more sensitive to this metal than the wild type strain. In addition, using promoter probe reporter plasmids, we show that the transcription of TtarsX is also stimulated by the presence of Cd(II) in a TtSmtB-dependent way. Actually, a regulatory circuit composed of TtSmtB and a reporter gene expressed from the TtarsX promoter responds to variation in Cd(II), As(III) and As(V) concentrations. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the system composed by TtSmtB and TtArsX is responsible for both the arsenic and cadmium resistance in T. thermophilus. The data also support the use of T. thermophilus as a suitable chassis for the design and development of As-Cd biosensors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0918-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Antonucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Luisa Ribeiro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Blesa
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Berenguer
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simonetta Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy.
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Tapase SR, Kodam KM. Assessment of arsenic oxidation potential of Microvirga indica S-MI1b sp. nov. in heavy metal polluted environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:1-10. [PMID: 29241075 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic oxidizing α-proteobacterial strain Microvirga indica S-MI1b sp. nov. was isolated from metal industry soil and has the ability to oxidize 15 mM of arsenite [As(III)] completely in 39 h. The strain S-MI1b resists to different heavy metals and it oxidizes arsenite in presence of Li, Pb, Hg, Sb(III), Cd, Cr(VI), Ni, and exhibited growth inhibitory effect in presence of Hg, Cu, and Cd at higher concentration. The morphology of Microvirga indica S-MI1b changed in presence of heavy metals however there was no accumulation of As(III) in the cells. The study showed that Microvirga indica S-MI1b can oxidize arsenite at broad pH ranges from 4.0 to 9.0 with optimum at pH 7.0. The kinetic studies of arsenite oxidation by strain S-MI1b signified that it has greater affinity towards As(III). The arsenite oxidase activity of cells grown in presence of Li and Cr(VI) supported the cell culture studies. This is first report on biotransformation of arsenite by Microvirga genus and also arsenite oxidation in presence of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita R Tapase
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kisan M Kodam
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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Fusco FA, Ronca R, Fiorentino G, Pedone E, Contursi P, Bartolucci S, Limauro D. Biochemical characterization of a thermostable endomannanase/endoglucanase from Dictyoglomus turgidum. Extremophiles 2017; 22:131-140. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-017-0983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Politi J, Spadavecchia J, Fiorentino G, Antonucci I, De Stefano L. Arsenate reductase from Thermus thermophilus conjugated to polyethylene glycol-stabilized gold nanospheres allow trace sensing and speciation of arsenic ions. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0629. [PMID: 27707908 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Water sources pollution by arsenic ions is a serious environmental problem all around the world. Arsenate reductase enzyme (TtArsC) from Thermus thermophilus extremophile bacterium, naturally binds arsenic ions, As(V) and As (III), in aqueous solutions. In this research, TtArsC enzyme adsorption onto hybrid polyethylene glycol-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was studied at different pH values as an innovative nanobiosystem for metal concentration monitoring. Characterizations were performed by UV/Vis and circular dichroism spectroscopies, TEM images and in terms of surface charge changes. The molecular interaction between arsenic ions and the TtArsC-AuNPs nanobiosystem was also monitored at all pH values considered by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Tests performed revealed high sensitivities and limits of detection equal to 10 ± 3 M-12 and 7.7 ± 0.3 M-12 for As(III) and As(V), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Politi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Unit of Naples-National Research Council, via P. Castellino 111, 80127 Naples, Italy
| | - Jolanda Spadavecchia
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris VI, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cynthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Antonucci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cynthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Unit of Naples-National Research Council, via P. Castellino 111, 80127 Naples, Italy
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Antonucci I, Gallo G, Limauro D, Contursi P, Ribeiro AL, Blesa A, Berenguer J, Bartolucci S, Fiorentino G. An ArsR/SmtB family member regulates arsenic resistance genes unusually arranged in Thermus thermophilus HB27. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1690-1701. [PMID: 28696001 PMCID: PMC5658604 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic resistance is commonly clustered in ars operons in bacteria; main ars operon components encode an arsenate reductase, a membrane extrusion protein, and an As‐sensitive transcription factor. In the As‐resistant thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB27, genes encoding homologues of these proteins are interspersed in the chromosome. In this article, we show that two adjacent genes, TtsmtB, encoding an ArsR/SmtB transcriptional repressor and, TTC0354, encoding a Zn2+/Cd2+‐dependent membrane ATPase are involved in As resistance; differently from characterized ars operons, the two genes are transcribed from dedicated promoters upstream of their respective genes, whose expression is differentially regulated at transcriptional level. Mutants defective in TtsmtB or TTC0354 are more sensitive to As than the wild type, proving their role in arsenic resistance. Recombinant dimeric TtSmtB binds in vitro to both promoters, but its binding capability decreases upon interaction with arsenate and, less efficiently, with arsenite. In vivo and in vitro experiments also demonstrate that the arsenate reductase (TtArsC) is subjected to regulation by TtSmtB. We propose a model for the regulation of As resistance in T. thermophilus in which TtSmtB is the arsenate sensor responsible for the induction of TtArsC which generates arsenite exported by TTC0354 efflux protein to detoxify cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Antonucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Luisa Ribeiro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Blesa
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Berenguer
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simonetta Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
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Thermus thermophilus as source of thermozymes for biotechnological applications: homologous expression and biochemical characterization of an α-galactosidase. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:28. [PMID: 28193276 PMCID: PMC5307791 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Thermus, which has been considered for a long time as a fruitful source of biotechnological relevant enzymes, has emerged more recently as suitable host to overproduce thermozymes. Among these, α-galactosidases are widely used in several industrial bioprocesses that require high working temperatures and for which thermostable variants offer considerable advantages over their thermolabile counterparts. Results Thermus thermophilus HB27 strain was used for the homologous expression of the TTP0072 gene encoding for an α-galactosidase (TtGalA). Interestingly, a soluble and active histidine-tagged enzyme was produced in larger amounts (5 mg/L) in this thermophilic host than in Escherichia coli (0.5 mg/L). The purified recombinant enzyme showed an optimal activity at 90 °C and retained more than 40% of activity over a broad range of pH (from 5 to 8). Conclusions TtGalA is among the most thermoactive and thermostable α-galactosidases discovered so far, thus pointing to T. thermophilus as cell factory for the recombinant production of biocatalysts active at temperature values over 90 °C. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0638-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Discovering Antioxidant Molecules in the Archaea Domain: Peroxiredoxin Bcp1 from Sulfolobus solfataricus Protects H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts from Oxidative Stress. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2016; 2016:7424870. [PMID: 27752237 PMCID: PMC5056240 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7424870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous thiol peroxidases that are involved in the reduction of peroxides. It has been reported that prokaryotic Prxs generally show greater structural robustness than their eukaryotic counterparts, making them less prone to inactivation by overoxidation. This difference has inspired the search for new antioxidants from prokaryotic sources that can be used as possible therapeutic biodrugs. Bacterioferritin comigratory proteins (Bcps) of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus that belong to the Prx family have recently been characterized. One of these proteins, Bcp1, was chosen to determine its antioxidant effects in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cells. Bcp1 activity was measured in vitro under physiological temperature and pH conditions that are typical of mammalian cells; the yeast thioredoxin reductase (yTrxR)/thioredoxin (yTrx) reducing system was used to evaluate enzyme activity. A TAT-Bcp1 fusion protein was constructed to allow its internalization and verify the effect of Bcp1 on H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts subjected to oxidative stress. The results reveal that TAT-Bcp1 is not cytotoxic and inhibits H2O2-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells by reducing the H2O2 content inside these cells.
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Banerjee A, Banerjee S, Sarkar P. Statistical design of experiments for optimization of arsenate reductase production by Kocuria palustris (RJB-6) and immobilization parameters in polymer beads. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00030d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents statistical optimization of operational parameters for enhancement of arsenate reductase production by an arsenic tolerant bacterium Kocuria palustris (RJB-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Banerjee
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Suchetana Banerjee
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Priyabrata Sarkar
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
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Politi J, Spadavecchia J, Fiorentino G, Antonucci I, Casale S, De Stefano L. Interaction of Thermus thermophilus ArsC enzyme and gold nanoparticles naked-eye assays speciation between As(III) and As(V). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:435703. [PMID: 26436536 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/43/435703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27 encodes chromosomal arsenate reductase (TtArsC), the enzyme responsible for resistance to the harmful effects of arsenic. We report on adsorption of TtArsC onto gold nanoparticles for naked-eye monitoring of biomolecular interaction between the enzyme and arsenic species. Synthesis of hybrid biological-metallic nanoparticles has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and phase modulated infrared reflection absorption (PM-IRRAS) spectroscopies. Molecular interactions have been monitored by UV-vis and Fourier transform-surface plasmon resonance (FT-SPR). Due to the nanoparticles' aggregation on exposure to metal salts, pentavalent and trivalent arsenic solutions can be clearly distinguished by naked-eye assay, even at 85 μM concentration. Moreover, the assay shows partial selectivity against other heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Politi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Unit of Naples-National Research Council Via P. Castellino 111, 80127, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cynthia, 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Jolanda Spadavecchia
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris VI, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cynthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Antonucci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cynthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandra Casale
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris VI, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Unit of Naples-National Research Council Via P. Castellino 111, 80127, Italy
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Govarthanan M, Park JH, Praburaman L, Yi YJ, Cho M, Myung H, Gnanendra S, Kamala-Kannan S, Oh BT. Relative Expression of Low Molecular Weight Protein, Tyrosine Phosphatase (Wzb Gene) of Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 Toward Arsenic Stress and Molecular Modeling. Curr Microbiol 2015; 71:311-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pedone E, Fiorentino G, Pirone L, Contursi P, Bartolucci S, Limauro D. Functional and structural characterization of protein disulfide oxidoreductase from Thermus thermophilus HB27. Extremophiles 2014; 18:723-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Contursi P, Farina B, Pirone L, Fusco S, Russo L, Bartolucci S, Fattorusso R, Pedone E. Structural and functional studies of Stf76 from the Sulfolobus islandicus plasmid-virus pSSVx: a novel peculiar member of the winged helix-turn-helix transcription factor family. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:5993-6011. [PMID: 24682827 PMCID: PMC4027180 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hybrid plasmid–virus pSSVx from Sulfolobus islandicus presents an open reading frame encoding a 76 amino acid protein, namely Stf76, that does not show significant sequence homology with any protein with known 3D structure. The recombinant protein recognizes specifically two DNA-binding sites located in its own promoter, thus suggesting an auto-regulated role of its expression. Circular dichroism, spectrofluorimetric, light scattering and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments indicated a 2:1 molar ratio (protein:DNA) upon binding to the DNA target containing a single site. Furthermore, the solution structure of Stf76, determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using chemical shift Rosetta software, has shown that the protein assumes a winged helix–turn–helix fold. NMR chemical shift perturbation analysis has been performed for the identification of the residues responsible for DNA interaction. In addition, a model of the Stf76–DNA complex has been built using as template a structurally related homolog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Contursi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Farina
- Interuniversity Centre for Research on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Fusco
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Luigi Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Interuniversity Centre for Research on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, C.N.R., Napoli 80134, Italy
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