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Abdelkader I, Guisán JM, Sayari A, Fernández-Lorente G. Various Strategies for the Immobilization of a Phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus for the Modulation of Its Biochemical Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:1467. [PMID: 38611747 PMCID: PMC11013441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of various immobilization methods on the biochemical properties of phospholipase C (PLC) from Bacillus cereus obtained from the oily soil located in Sfax, Tunisia, was described. Different supports were checked: octyl sepharose, glyoxyl agarose in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine, and Q-sepharose. In the immobilization by hydrophobic adsorption, a hyperactivation of the PLCBc was obtained with a fold of around 2 times. The recovery activity after immobilization on Q-sepharose and glyoxyl agarose in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine was 80% and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, the biochemical characterization showed an important improvement in the three immobilized enzymes. The performance of the various immobilized PLCBc was compared with the soluble enzyme. The derivatives acquired using Q-sepharose, octyl sepharose, and glyoxyl agarose were stable at 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C. Nevertheless, the three derivatives were more stable in a large range of pH than the soluble enzyme. The three derivatives and the free enzyme were stable in 50% (v/v) ethanol, hexane, methanol, and acetone. The glyoxyl agarose derivative showed high long-term storage at 4 °C, with an activity of 60% after 19 days. These results suggest the sustainable biotechnological application of the developed immobilized enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Abdelkader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, PB 1173, Km 4 Road Soukra, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Jose M. Guisán
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP, CSIC), Marie Curie, 2, UAM Campus, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, PB 1173, Km 4 Road Soukra, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Gloria Fernández-Lorente
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Food Biocatalysis, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, UAM Campus, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Bolina ICA, Mendes AA. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the thermal inactivation of lipase immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated rice husk silica. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:85-95. [PMID: 38064041 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to obtain sufficient information on the thermal stabilization of a food-grade lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) using the immobilization technique. To do this, a new non-porous support was prepared via the sequential extraction of SiO2 from rice husks, followed by functionalization with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane - 3-APTES (Amino-SiO2), and activation with glutaraldehyde - GA (GA-Amino-SiO2). We evaluated the influence of GA concentration, which varied from 0.25% v v-1 to 4% v v-1, on the immobilization parameters and enzyme thermal stabilization. The thermal inactivation parameters for both biocatalyst forms (soluble or immobilized TLL) were calculated by fitting a non-first-order enzyme inactivation kinetic model to the experimental data. According to the results, TLL was fully immobilized on the external support surface activated with different GA concentrations using an initial protein load of 5 mg g-1. A sharp decrease of hydrolytic activity was observed from 216.6 ± 12.4 U g-1 to 28.6 ± 0.9 U g-1 of after increasing the GA concentration from 0.25% v v-1 to 4.0% v v-1. The support that was prepared using a GA concentration at 0.5% v v-1 provided the highest stabilization of TLL - 31.6-times more stable than its soluble form at 60 °C. The estimations of the thermodynamic parameters, e.g., inactivation energy (Ed), enthalpy (ΔH#), entropy (ΔS#), and the Gibbs energy (ΔG#) values, confirmed the enzyme stabilization on the external support surface at temperatures ranging from 50 to 65 °C. These results show promising applications for this new heterogeneous biocatalyst in industrial processes given the high catalytic activity and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara C A Bolina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adriano A Mendes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil.
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3
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Millan F, Hanik N. Degradation kinetics of medium chain length Polyhydroxyalkanoate degrading enzyme: a quartz crystal microbalance study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1303267. [PMID: 38162181 PMCID: PMC10756687 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1303267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the enzymatic degradation processes of different classes of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a group of biopolymers naturally synthesized by various microorganisms. Medium chain length PHAs (mcl-PHAs) are distinguished biopolymers due to their biodegradability and diverse material properties. Using quartz crystal microbalance measurements as a valuable tool for accurate real-time monitoring of the enzymatic degradation process, the research provides detailed kinetic data, describing the interaction between enzymes and substrates during the enzymatic degradation process. Thin films of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxyoctanoate copolymer (PHO), containing molar fractions of about 84% 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 16% 3-hydroxyhexanoate, were exposed to scl-depolymerases from Pseudomonas lemoignei LMG 2207 and recombinant mcl-depolymerase produced in Escherichia coli DH5α harboring the plasmid pMAD8, respectively. Analyses based on a heterogeneous kinetic model for the polymer degradation indicated a six-fold stronger adsorption equilibrium constant of mcl-depolymerase to PHO. Conversely, the degradation rate constant was approximately twice as high for scl-depolymerases acting on PHB. Finally, the study highlights the differences in enzyme-substrate interactions and degradation mechanisms between the investigated scl- and mcl-PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Hanik
- Institute of Life Technologies, School of Engineering, University of Applied Science and Arts Western Switzerland, Sion, Switzerland
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4
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Kikani B, Patel R, Thumar J, Bhatt H, Rathore DS, Koladiya GA, Singh SP. Solvent tolerant enzymes in extremophiles: Adaptations and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124051. [PMID: 36933597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-aqueous enzymology has always drawn attention due to the wide range of unique possibilities in biocatalysis. In general, the enzymes do not or insignificantly catalyze substrate in the presence of solvents. This is due to the interfering interactions of the solvents between enzyme and water molecules at the interface. Therefore, information about solvent-stable enzymes is scarce. Yet, solvent-stable enzymes prove quite valuable in the present day biotechnology. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrates in solvents synthesizes commercially valuable products, such as peptides, esters, and other transesterification products. Extremophiles, the most valuable yet not extensively explored candidates, can be an excellent source to investigate this avenue. Due to inherent structural attributes, many extremozymes can catalyze and maintain stability in organic solvents. In the present review, we aim to consolidate information about the solvent-stable enzymes from various extremophilic microorganisms. Further, it would be interesting to learn about the mechanism adapted by these microorganisms to sustain solvent stress. Various approaches to protein engineering are used to enhance catalytic flexibility and stability and broaden biocatalysis's prospects under non-aqueous conditions. It also describes strategies to achieve optimal immobilization with minimum inhibition of the catalysis. The proposed review would significantly aid our understanding of non-aqueous enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavtosh Kikani
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Jignasha Thumar
- Government Science College, Gandhinagar 382 016, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitarth Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Atmiya University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Dalip Singh Rathore
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Gopi A Koladiya
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India.
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Choudhary P, Bhowmik A, Verma S, Srivastava S, Chakdar H, Saxena AK. Multi-substrate sequential optimization, characterization and immobilization of lipase produced by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida S7. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4555-4569. [PMID: 35974269 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipases are important biocatalysts having the third largest global demand after amylases and proteases. In the present study, we have screened 56 potential lipolytic Pseudomonas strains for their lipolytic activity. Pseudomonas plecoglossicida S7 showed highest lipase production with specific activity of 70 U/mg. Statistical optimizations using Plackett Burman design and response surface methodology evaluated fourteen different media supplements including various oilcakes, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and metal ions which led to a 2.23-fold (156.23 U/mg) increase in lipase activity. Further, inoculum size optimization increased the overall lipase activity by 2.81-folds. The lipase was active over a range of 30-50° C with a pH range (7-10). The enzyme was tolerant to various solvents like chloroform, methanol, 1-butanol, acetonitrile, and dichloromethane and retained 60% of its activity in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.5% w/v). The enzyme was immobilized onto Ca-alginate beads which increased thermal (20-60 °C) and pH stability (5-10). The purified enzyme could successfully remove sesame oil stains and degraded upto 25.2% of diesel contaminated soil. These properties of the lipase will help in its applicability in detergent formulations, wastewater treatments, and biodegradation of oil in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prassan Choudhary
- Microbial Technology Unit-II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, 275103, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Arpan Bhowmik
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shaloo Verma
- Microbial Technology Unit-II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, 275103, India
| | - Shilpi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- Microbial Technology Unit-II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, 275103, India.
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- Microbial Technology Unit-II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, 275103, India
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Abdelhamid MAA, Son RG, Park KS, Pack SP. Oriented multivalent silaffin-affinity immobilization of recombinant lipase on diatom surface: Reliable loading and high performance of biocatalyst. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 219:112830. [PMID: 36162181 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are widely used biocatalysts; however, their functional surface immobilization should be designed for successful industrial applications. One of the unmet challenges is to develop a practical surface immobilization to achieve both high stability and activity of lipases upon the large loading. Herein, we present a silaffin-based multivalent design as a simple and oriented approach for Bacillus subtilis lipase A (LipA) immobilization on economic diatom biosilica matrix to yield highly-stable activity with reliable loading. Specifically, silaffin peptides Sil3H, Sil3K, and Sil3R, as monovalent or divalent genetic fusion tags, selectively immobilized LipA on biosilica surfaces. Sil3K peptide fusion to LipA termini most efficiently produced high catalytic activity upon immobilization. The activity was 70-fold greater than that of immobilized wild-type LipA. Compared to single fusion, the double Sil3K fusion displayed 1.7 higher enzymatic loading combined with high catalytic performances of LipA on biosilica surfaces. The multivalent immobilized LipA was distributed uniformly on biosilica surfaces. The biocatalyst was stable over a wide pH range with 98% retention activity after 10 reuses. The stabilized lipase fusion was compatible with laundry detergents, making it an attractive biocatalyst for detergent formulations. These findings demonstrate that multivalent surface immobilization is a plausible method for developing high-performance biocatalysts suitable for industrial biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Abdelhamid
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ryeo Gang Son
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase on a new hydrophobic support (Streamline phenyl™): strategies to improve stability and reusability. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 163:110166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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dos Santos LA, Alnoch RC, Soares GA, Mitchell DA, Krieger N. Immobilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase on chitosan crosslinked with polyaldehyde starch for kinetic resolution of sec-alcohols. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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9
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Tu H, Gao K, Zhang B, Chen Z, Wang P, Li Z. Comparative study of poly tannic acid functionalized magnetic particles before and after modification for immobilized penicillin G acylase. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:823-846. [PMID: 34935604 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.2021352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesized by inverting microemulsion method. After that, based on the physical and chemical properties of tannic acid (TA), poly tannic acid (PTA) was coated on Fe3O4 NPs surface. Fe3O4 NPs coated with PTA, on the one hand, was used to immobilize Penicillin G acylase (PGA) by physical adsorption. On the other hand, it was modified by glutaraldehyde (GA). GA grafting rate (Gr-GA) was optimized, and the Gr-GA was 30.0% under the optimum conditions. Then, through the Schiff base reaction between the glutaraldehyde group and PGA amino group, this covalent immobilization of PGA was further realized under mild conditions. Finally, the structures of every stage of magnetic composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibration magnetometer (VSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The results indicated that the enzyme activity (EA), enzyme activity recovery (EAR) and maximum load (ELC) of the immobilized PGA were 26843 U/g, 80.2% and 125 mg/g, respectively. Compared to the physical immobilization of PGA by only coating PTA nanoparticles, further modified nanoparticles by GA showed higher catalytic stability, reusability and storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Tu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced progressing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaikai Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced progressing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced progressing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenbin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced progressing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pingbo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced progressing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhizhong Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
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Kujawa J, Głodek M, Li G, Al-Gharabli S, Knozowska K, Kujawski W. Highly effective enzymes immobilization on ceramics: Requirements for supports and enzymes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149647. [PMID: 34467928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization is a well-known method for the improvement of enzyme reusability and stability. To achieve very high effectiveness of the enzyme immobilization, not only does the method of attachment need to be optimized, but the appropriate support must be chosen. The essential necessities addressed to the support applied for enzyme immobilization can be focused on the material features as well as on the stability and resistances in certain conditions. Ceramic membranes and nanoparticles are the most widespread supports for enzyme immobilization. Hence, the immobilization of enzymes on ceramic membrane and nanoparticles are summarized and discussed. The important properties of the supports are particle size, pore structure, active surface area, volume to surface ratio, type and number of reactive available groups, as well as thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. The modifiers and the crosslinkers are crucial to the enzyme loading amount, the chemical and physical stability, and the reusability and catalytical activity of the immobilized enzymes. Therefore, the chemical and physical methods of modification of ceramic materials are presented. The most popular and used modifiers (e.g. APTES, CPTES, VTES) as well as activating agents (GA, gelatin, EDC and/or NHS) applied to the grafting process are discussed. Moreover, functional groups of enzymes are presented and discussed since they play important roles in the enzyme immobilization via covalent bonding. The enhanced physical, chemical, and catalytical properties of immobilized enzymes are discussed revealing the positive balance between the effectiveness of the immobilization process, preservation of high enzyme activity, its good stability, and relatively low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kujawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Głodek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Samer Al-Gharabli
- Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering Department, German-Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Katarzyna Knozowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kujawski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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11
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Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of enzymes via immobilization: Multipoint covalent attachment and other stabilization strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 52:107821. [PMID: 34455028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes in industrial processes requires the improvement of their features in many instances. Enzyme immobilization, a requirement to facilitate the recovery and reuse of these water-soluble catalysts, is one of the tools that researchers may utilize to improve many of their properties. This review is focused on how enzyme immobilization may improve enzyme stability. Starting from the stabilization effects that an enzyme may experience by the mere fact of being inside a solid particle, we detail other possibilities to stabilize enzymes: generation of favorable enzyme environments, prevention of enzyme subunit dissociation in multimeric enzymes, generation of more stable enzyme conformations, or enzyme rigidification via multipoint covalent attachment. In this last point, we will discuss the features of an "ideal" immobilization protocol to maximize the intensity of the enzyme-support interactions. The most interesting active groups in the support (glutaraldehyde, epoxide, glyoxyl and vinyl sulfone) will be also presented, discussing their main properties and uses. Some instances in which the number of enzyme-support bonds is not directly related to a higher stabilization will be also presented. Finally, the possibility of coupling site-directed mutagenesis or chemical modification to get a more intense multipoint covalent immobilization will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Lu Y, Dai H, Cheng P, Shi H, Tang L, Sun X, Ou Z. Regenerated coenzyme-based preparation of bienzyme-polymer nanoconjugates and their applications for the synthesis of ethyl (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyrate. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Gkantzou E, Chatzikonstantinou AV, Fotiadou R, Giannakopoulou A, Patila M, Stamatis H. Trends in the development of innovative nanobiocatalysts and their application in biocatalytic transformations. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107738. [PMID: 33775799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing demand for cost-effective and innocuous biocatalytic transformations has prompted the rational design and development of robust biocatalytic tools. Enzyme immobilization technology lies in the formation of cooperative interactions between the tailored surface of the support and the enzyme of choice, which result in the fabrication of tremendous biocatalytic tools with desirable properties, complying with the current demands even on an industrial level. Different nanoscale materials (organic, inorganic, and green) have attracted great attention as immobilization matrices for single or multi-enzymatic systems. Aiming to unveil the potentialities of nanobiocatalytic systems, we present distinct immobilization strategies and give a thorough insight into the effect of nanosupports specific properties on the biocatalysts' structure and catalytic performance. We also highlight the development of nanobiocatalysts for their incorporation in cascade enzymatic processes and various types of batch and continuous-flow reactor systems. Remarkable emphasis is given on the application of such nanobiocatalytic tools in several biocatalytic transformations including bioremediation processes, biofuel production, and synthesis of bioactive compounds and fine chemicals for the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gkantzou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra V Chatzikonstantinou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Renia Fotiadou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Archontoula Giannakopoulou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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14
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Modulation of the Biocatalytic Properties of a Novel Lipase from Psychrophilic Serratia sp. (USBA-GBX-513) by Different Immobilization Strategies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061574. [PMID: 33809323 PMCID: PMC8001504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the effect of different immobilization procedures on the properties of a lipase obtained from the extremophilic microorganism Serratia sp. USBA-GBX-513, which was isolated from Paramo soils of Los Nevados National Natural Park (Colombia), is reported. Different Shepharose beads were used: octyl-(OC), octyl-glyoxyl-(OC-GLX), cyanogen bromide (BrCN)-, and Q-Sepharose. The performance of the different immobilized extremophile lipase from Serratia (ESL) was compared with that of the lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). In all immobilization tests, hyperactivation of ESL was observed. The highest hyperactivation (10.3) was obtained by immobilization on the OC support. Subsequently, the thermal stability at pH 5, 7, and 9 and the stability in the presence of 50% (v/v) acetonitrile, 50% dioxane, and 50% tetrahydrofuran solvents at pH 7 and 40 °C were evaluated. ESL immobilized on octyl-Sepharose was the most stable biocatalyst at 90 °C and pH 9, while the most stable preparation at pH 5 was ESL immobilized on OC-GLX-Sepharose supports. Finally, in the presence of 50% (v/v) tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dioxane at 40 °C, ESL immobilized on OC-Sepharose was the most stable biocatalyst, while the immobilized preparation of ESL on Q-Sepharose was the most stable one in 40% (v/v) acetonitrile.
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Bilal M, Fernandes CD, Mehmood T, Nadeem F, Tabassam Q, Ferreira LFR. Immobilized lipases-based nano-biocatalytic systems - A versatile platform with incredible biotechnological potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:108-122. [PMID: 33548312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipases belong to α/β hydrolases that cause hydrolytic catalysis of triacylglycerols to release monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and glycerol with free fatty acids. Lipases have a common active site that contains three amino acid residues in a conserved Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly motif: a nucleophilic serine residue, an acidic aspartic or glutamic acid residue, and a basic histidine residue. Lipase plays a significant role in numerous industrial and biotechnological processes, including paper, food, oleochemical and pharmaceutical applications. However, its instability and aqueous solubility make application expensive and relatively challenging. Immobilization has been considered as a promising approach to improve enzyme stability, reusability, and survival under extreme temperature and pH environments. Innumerable supporting material in the form of natural polymers and nanostructured materials is a crucial aspect in the procedure of lipase immobilization used to afford biocompatibility, stability in physio-chemical belongings, and profuse binding positions for enzymes. This review outlines the unique structural and functional properties of a large number of polymers and nanomaterials as robust support matrices for lipase immobilization. Given these supporting materials, the applications of immobilized lipases in different industries, such as biodiesel production, polymer synthesis, additives, detergent, textile, and food industry are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Clara Dourado Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Fareeha Nadeem
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Qudsia Tabassam
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 4010, Pakistan
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Carballares D, Gonçalves LR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of lipases via interfacial activation on hydrophobic supports: Production of biocatalysts libraries by altering the immobilization conditions. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Toprak A, Tükel SS, Yildirim D. Stabilization of multimeric nitrilase via different immobilization techniques for hydrolysis of acrylonitrile to acrylic acid. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1869217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Toprak
- Vocational School of Acigol, University of Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli, Nevsehir, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - S. Seyhan Tükel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yildirim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Ceyhan Engineering, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
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de Sousa Fonseca T, de Oliveira UMF, de Oliveira MDCF, de Lemos TLG, da Silva MR, Rios NS, Gonçalves LRB, de Mattos MC. Immobilization of Amano lipase AK from Pseudomonas fluorescens on different types of chitosan-containing supports: use in the kinetic resolution of rac-indanol. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:785-792. [PMID: 33389170 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amano lipase AK from P. fluorescens was immobilized on different types of chitosan-containing supports. Chitosan lower molecular weight (2.5%), chitosan lower molecular weight/sodium alginate (2.5%/2.5%) and chitosan lower molecular weight/carrageenan (2.5%/2.5%) allowed the highest values of immobilization yields (IY) of 81, 81 and 83%, respectively. Best activity results were achieved using chitosan average molecular weight (5%) and chitosan lower molecular weight/sodium alginate (2.5%/2.5%) as support, with values of 1.40 and 1.30 UpNPB/ggel and with recovery activities of 45.75 and 35.6%, respectively. These derivatives were evaluated in the kinetic resolution of rac-indanol to obtain a key intermediate in the synthesis of a drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The most efficient derivatives in the kinetic resolution were lipase immobilized on chitosan average molecular weight (5.0%) and chitosan low molecular weight/sodium alginate, the latter leading to obtaining both (S)-indanol and (R)-indanyl acetate with > 99% ee and 50% conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago de Sousa Fonseca
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Organic Synthesis (LABS), Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455-970, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Campus de Crateús, Avenida Geraldo Barbosa Marques, 567, Crateús, CE, 63708-260, Brazil
| | - Ulisses Marcondes Freire de Oliveira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Organic Synthesis (LABS), Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455-970, Brazil
| | - Maria da Conceição Ferreira de Oliveira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Organic Synthesis (LABS), Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455-970, Brazil
| | - Telma Leda Gomes de Lemos
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Organic Synthesis (LABS), Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455-970, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalia Saraiva Rios
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455-760, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Carlos de Mattos
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Organic Synthesis (LABS), Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455-970, Brazil.
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Simulation of the Reactivation of Partially Inactivated Biocatalysts in Sequential Batch Reactors. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic reactivation process enables the recovery of catalytic activity for inactive biocatalysts. However, its effect on the specific productivity of the processes has not been studied. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the specific productivity of the processes with and without reactivation using the program Spyder Python (3.7). Using fixed values for all of the parameters, the global specific productivity was 8 mM/h·gbiocat for the process without reactivation, and 4 mM/h·gbiocat for the process with reactivation. Random numbers were generated to use as different values for parameters, and the results yielded a global specific productivity of 3.79 mM/h·gbiocat for the process with reactivation and 3.68 mM/h·gbiocat for the process without reactivation. ANOVA tests showed that there were significant differences between the specific global productivities of the two processes. Reactivation has great potential for use when the biocatalyst is of high cost.
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Lipase immobilization on ceramic supports: An overview on techniques and materials. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 42:107581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abdelhamid MA, Meligy AM, Yeo KB, Lee CS, Pack SP. Silaffin-3-derived pentalysine cluster as a new fusion tag for one-step immobilization and purification of recombinant Bacillus subtilis catalase on bare silica particles. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:1103-1112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kornecki JF, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Siar EH, Kashefi S, Chafiaa M, Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Gonçalves LR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Influence of phosphate anions on the stability of immobilized enzymes. Effect of enzyme nature, immobilization protocol and inactivation conditions. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Wahab RA, Elias N, Abdullah F, Ghoshal SK. On the taught new tricks of enzymes immobilization: An all-inclusive overview. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Dos Santos MMO, Gama RS, de Carvalho Tavares IM, Santos PH, Gonçalves MS, de Carvalho MS, de Barros Vilas Boas EV, de Oliveira JR, Mendes AA, Franco M. Application of lipase immobilized on a hydrophobic support for the synthesis of aromatic esters. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:538-546. [PMID: 32438471 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at preparing three biocatalysts via physical adsorption of lipases from Candida rugosa (CRL), Mucor javanicus, and Candida sp. on a hydrophobic and mesoporous support (Diaion HP-20). These biocatalysts were later applied to the synthesis of aromatic esters of apple peel and citrus (hexyl butyrate), apple and rose (geranyl butyrate), and apricot and pineapple (propyl butyrate). Scanning electron microscopy and gel electrophoresis confirmed a selective adsorption of lipases on Diaion, thus endorsing simultaneous immobilization and purification. Gibbs free energy (∆G) evinced the spontaneity of the process (-17.9 kJ/mol ≤ ∆G ≤ -5.1 kJ/mol). Maximum immobilized protein concentration of 30 mg/g support by CRL. This biocatalyst was the most active in olive oil hydrolysis (hydrolytic activity of 126.0 ± 2.0 U/g) and in the synthesis of aromatic esters. Maximum conversion yield of 89.1% was attained after 150 Min for the synthesis of hexyl butyrate, followed by the synthesis of geranyl butyrate (87.3% after 240 Min) and propyl butyrate (80.0% after 150 Min). CRL immobilized on Diaion retained around 93% of its original activity after six consecutive cycles of 150 Min for the synthesis of hexyl butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pedro Henrique Santos
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Márcia Soares Gonçalves
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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One Pot Use of Combilipases for Full Modification of Oils and Fats: Multifunctional and Heterogeneous Substrates. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are among the most utilized enzymes in biocatalysis. In many instances, the main reason for their use is their high specificity or selectivity. However, when full modification of a multifunctional and heterogeneous substrate is pursued, enzyme selectivity and specificity become a problem. This is the case of hydrolysis of oils and fats to produce free fatty acids or their alcoholysis to produce biodiesel, which can be considered cascade reactions. In these cases, to the original heterogeneity of the substrate, the presence of intermediate products, such as diglycerides or monoglycerides, can be an additional drawback. Using these heterogeneous substrates, enzyme specificity can promote that some substrates (initial substrates or intermediate products) may not be recognized as such (in the worst case scenario they may be acting as inhibitors) by the enzyme, causing yields and reaction rates to drop. To solve this situation, a mixture of lipases with different specificity, selectivity and differently affected by the reaction conditions can offer much better results than the use of a single lipase exhibiting a very high initial activity or even the best global reaction course. This mixture of lipases from different sources has been called “combilipases” and is becoming increasingly popular. They include the use of liquid lipase formulations or immobilized lipases. In some instances, the lipases have been coimmobilized. Some discussion is offered regarding the problems that this coimmobilization may give rise to, and some strategies to solve some of these problems are proposed. The use of combilipases in the future may be extended to other processes and enzymes.
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Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Carballares D, Mendez-Sanchez C, Lokha Y, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Effects of Enzyme Loading and Immobilization Conditions on the Catalytic Features of Lipase From Pseudomonas fluorescens Immobilized on Octyl-Agarose Beads. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:36. [PMID: 32181245 PMCID: PMC7059646 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) has been immobilized on octyl-agarose beads under 16 different conditions (varying pH, ionic strength, buffer, adding some additives) at two different loadings, 1 and 60 mg of enzyme/g of support with the objective of check if this can alter the biocatalyst features. The activity of the biocatalysts versus p-nitrophenyl butyrate and triacetin and their thermal stability were studied. The different immobilization conditions produced biocatalysts with very different features. Considering the extreme cases, using 1 mg/g preparations, PFL stability changed more than fourfolds, while their activities versus pNPB or triacetin varied a 50-60%. Curiously, PFL specific activity versus triacetin was higher using highly enzyme loaded biocatalysts than using lowly loaded biocatalysts (even by a twofold factor). Moreover, stability of the highly loaded preparations was higher than that of the lowly loaded preparations, in many instances even when using 5°C higher temperatures (e.g., immobilized in the presence of calcium, the highly loaded biocatalysts maintained after 24 h at 75°c a 85% of the initial activity, while the lowly loaded preparation maintained only 27% at 70°C). Using the highly loaded preparations, activity of the different biocatalysts versus pNPB varied almost 1.7-folds and versus triacetin 1.9-folds. In this instance, the changes in stability caused by the immobilization conditions were much more significant, some preparations were almost fully inactivated under conditions where the most stable one maintained more than 80% of the initial activity. Results suggested that immobilization conditions greatly affected the properties of the immobilized PFL, partially by individual molecule different conformation (observed using lowly loaded preparations) but much more relevantly using highly loaded preparations, very likely by altering some enzyme-enzyme intermolecular interactions. There is not an optimal biocatalyst considering all parameters. That way, preparation of biocatalysts using this support may be a powerful tool to tune enzyme features, if carefully controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arana-Peña
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathalia S. Rios
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mendez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuliya Lokha
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica – CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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Genipin as An Emergent Tool in the Design of Biocatalysts: Mechanism of Reaction and Applications. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9121035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genipin is a reagent isolated from the Gardenia jasminoides fruit extract, and whose low toxicity and good crosslinking properties have converted it into a reactive whose popularity is increasing by the day. These properties have made it widely used in many medical applications, mainly in the production of chitosan materials (crosslinked by this reactive), biological scaffolds for tissue engineering, and nanoparticles of chitosan and nanogels of proteins for controlled drug delivery, the genipin crosslinking being a key point to strengthen the stability of these materials. This review is focused on the mechanism of reaction of this reagent and its use in the design of biocatalysts, where genipin plays a double role, as a support activating agent and as inter- or intramolecular crosslinker. Its low toxicity makes this compound an ideal alterative to glutaraldehyde in these processes. Moreover, in some cases the features of the biocatalysts prepared using genipin surpassed those of the biocatalysts prepared using other standard crosslinkers, even disregarding toxicity. In this way, genipin is a very promising reagent in the design of biocatalysts.
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Rios NS, Morais EG, dos Santos Galvão W, Andrade Neto DM, dos Santos JCS, Bohn F, Correa MA, Fechine PBA, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Gonçalves LRB. Further stabilization of lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens immobilized on octyl coated nanoparticles via chemical modification with bifunctional agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:313-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zaitsev SY, Savina AA, Zaitsev IS. Biochemical aspects of lipase immobilization at polysaccharides for biotechnology. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 272:102016. [PMID: 31421454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The design of immobilized enzyme preparations is an important and relevant area of modern sciences and technologies. Immobilization of enzymes from animal sources (component I) on natural carriers (component II) increases the system stability by protecting the active site of the enzyme from deactivation; facilitates the separation and accelerates the recovery of the enzyme. This makes reuse possible and provides a significant reduction in operating costs. Hydrolytic enzymes (such as lipases) and polysaccharides (such as chitosan) are the most promising of such pairs of components. The main attention here is devoted to the discussion on lipase immobilization on polysaccharide (mainly - chitin and chitosan). Based on the analysis of the available literature, the most adequate method is the immobilization of lipase from porcine pancreas (LPP) on polysaccharide particles (such as chitin or chitosan) pre-treated with ultrasound (to increase the particle surface area) and glutaraldehyde (for particle activation) that shows reasonably high LPP activity and stability. In order to increase further the activity of the lipase, some authors proposed to incorporate a spacer in the form of 1,3-diaminopropane (or 1,3-diaminobutane) prior to activation of the surface of the chitosan particles. In particular cases, the use of chitin (instead of chitosan) may be an alternative solution for biotechnological applications. Recently the idea of constructing "supramolecular enzyme systems" realized in the so-called "coimmobilized multienzymatic systems" strategy. The most fascinating example is the combined assay of a mixture of native LPP, glycerol kinase (from Cellulomonas) and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (from Aerococcus viridans) linked by glutaraldehyde to chitosan (as shell for inorganic nanoparticle core). This material was placed on a Pt-electrode as biosensor and was successfully applied for amperometric determination of the triglyceride level in the serum of healthy and diseased person. Thus, the whole innovative research-production sequence is described by Aggarwal V. and Pundir C.S.: from simple components to advanced material and further biomedical application. Thus, the following approach of lipase immobilization appears the most promising for future applications: a few types of lipases or the combination of LPP with some other enzymes immobilized simultaneously on multifunctional carriers (as nanohybrids of inorganic core and polysaccharide shell).
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Abstract
Dextran aldehyde (dexOx), resulting from the periodate oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diol moiety inside dextran, is a polymer that is very useful in many areas, including as a macromolecular carrier for drug delivery and other biomedical applications. In particular, it has been widely used for chemical engineering of enzymes, with the aim of designing better biocatalysts that possess improved catalytic properties, making them more stable and/or active for different catalytic reactions. This polymer possesses a very flexible hydrophilic structure, which becomes inert after chemical reduction; therefore, dexOx comes to be highly versatile in a biocatalyst design. This paper presents an overview of the multiple applications of dexOx in applied biocatalysis, e.g., to modulate the adsorption of biomolecules on carrier surfaces in affinity chromatography and biosensors design, to serve as a spacer arm between a ligand and the support in biomacromolecule immobilization procedures or to generate artificial microenvironments around the enzyme molecules or to stabilize multimeric enzymes by intersubunit crosslinking, among many other applications.
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Increasing the Enzyme Loading Capacity of Porous Supports by a Layer-by-Layer Immobilization Strategy Using PEI as Glue. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9070576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A new strategy to increase the enzyme-loading capacity of porous supports was investigated. Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) was immobilized on octyl-agarose (OA) beads and treated with polyethyleneimine (PEI). Then, PFL was immobilized on the previous PFL layer. Next, the biocatalyst was coated with PEI and a third layer of PFL was added. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis showed that the amount of PFL proportionally increased with each enzyme layer; however, the effects on biocatalyst activity were not as clear. Hydrolyzing 50 mM of triacetin at 25 °C, the activity of the three-layer biocatalyst was even lower than that of the bi-layer one; on the contrary its activity was higher when the activity was measured at 4 °C in the presence of 30% acetonitrile (that reduced the activity and thus the relevance of the substrate diffusion limitations). That is, the advantage of the multilayer formation depends on the specific activity of the enzyme and on the diffusion limitations of the substrate. When octyl agarose (OA)-PFL-PEI-PFL preparation was treated with glutaraldehyde, the activity was reduced, although the enzyme stability increased and the immobilization of the last PFL layer offered results similar to the one obtained using the three-layer preparation without glutaraldehyde modification (90%).
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Reuse of Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens via Its Step-by-Step Coimmobilization on Glyoxyl-Octyl Agarose Beads with Least Stable Lipases. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coimmobilization of lipases may be interesting in many uses, but this means that the stability of the least stable enzyme determines the stability of the full combilipase. Here, we propose a strategy that permits the reuse the most stable enzyme. Lecitase Ultra (LU) (a phospholipase) and the lipases from Rhizomucor miehei (RML) and from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) were immobilized on octyl agarose, and their stabilities were studied under a broad range of conditions. Immobilized PFL was found to be the most stable enzyme under all condition ranges studied. Furthermore, in many cases it maintained full activity, while the other enzymes lost more than 50% of their initial activity. To coimmobilize these enzymes without discarding fully active PFL when LU or RML had been inactivated, PFL was covalently immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose beads. After biocatalysts reduction, the other enzyme was coimmobilized just by interfacial activation. After checking that glyoxyl-octyl-PFL was stable in 4% Triton X-100, the biocatalysts of PFL coimmobilized with LU or RML were submitted to inactivation under different conditions. Then, the inactivated least stable coimmobilized enzyme was desorbed (using 4% detergent) and a new enzyme reloading (using in some instances RML and in some others employing LU) was performed. The initial activity of immobilized PFL was maintained intact for several of these cycles. This shows the great potential of this lipase coimmobilization strategy.
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