1
|
Apalowo OO, Minor RC, Adetunji AO, Ekunseitan DA, Fasina YO. Effect of Ginger Root Extract on Intestinal Oxidative Status and Mucosal Morphometrics in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1084. [PMID: 38612323 PMCID: PMC11011088 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the effect of ginger root extract (GRE) supplementation on the oxidative status and intestinal mucosal development in broiler chickens for 6 weeks. Day-old chicks (Ross 708 strain, n = 432) were distributed into six treatments with six replicate of twelve birds each: Negative CON (basal), MX (basal diet + bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) 0.055 g/kg diet), GRE-1 (basal diet + 0.375% GRE), GRE-2 (basal diet + 0.75% GRE), GRE-3 (basal diet + 1.5% GRE), GRE-4 (basal diet + 3% GRE). Growth indices, goblets cell count, mucin (MUC2) in ileum tissue, antioxidant (SOD, CAT, and GPX) in ileum and liver, biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and reactive oxygen metabolite level in blood and intestinal villi measurement were determined. Body weight (BW) was highest (p < 0.05) in all groups except GRE-4, body weight gain (BWG) was best in GRE-1, while FCR was least in all groups except GRE-4. Optimum MUC2 gene expression, SOD, CAT, blood antioxidants, and intestinal morphometric values were observed in GRE-3. The inclusion of ginger root extract up to 1.5% improved growth and reduced oxidative stress while enhancing mucosal development in broiler chicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwabunmi O. Apalowo
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (O.O.A.); (R.C.M.)
| | - Radiah C. Minor
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (O.O.A.); (R.C.M.)
| | - Adedeji O. Adetunji
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (O.O.A.); (R.C.M.)
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Deji A. Ekunseitan
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (O.O.A.); (R.C.M.)
| | - Yewande O. Fasina
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (O.O.A.); (R.C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kameyama A. Supported Molecular Matrix Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:79-97. [PMID: 38347402 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Distinct bands of mucins cannot be banded using a gel electrophoresis based on a molecular sieving effect due to their very large molecular weight and remarkable diversity in glycosylation. In contrast, membrane electrophoresis can separate mucins as round bands. Here, we present an analysis of mucin separation via membrane electrophoresis using a porous polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, which is highly stable against chemical modifications and various organic solvents. The separated mucins can not only be stained with dyes but also with antibodies and lectins, and glycans can be released from the excised bands and analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kameyama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Xing R, Shao J, Jiao S. Relationship Between MUC4 Variants and Metastatic Recurrence in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:5077-5087. [PMID: 37942474 PMCID: PMC10629456 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s437957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent metastasis after radical resection in patients of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a great challenge for the world, in which genomic alterations play a major role in tumorigenesis. MUC4 plays a significant role in recurrence and metastasis in tumor. This study is aimed at exploring the association between MUC4 variants and metastatic recurrence of CRC. Methods Forty-seven patients relapsing with metastasis and 37 patients remaining disease-free postoperatively were enrolled. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) detected mutations. Mutation and mRNA expression data were downloaded from TCGA and cBioPortal databases. We analyzed the relationship between MUC4 variants and clinical parameters, as well as possible molecular mechanisms. Results MUC4 variants rs56359992 and rs781124621 were associated with survival in patients with CRC. Rs56359992 was more common in patients with metastatic recurrence. MAPK pathway, PI3K-Akt pathway, JAK-STAT pathway, cell cycle, WNT pathway and mTOR pathway were found to correlate with MUC4 mutation by GO/KEGG analysis, as well as resting and activated mast cell related to MUC4 mutation by CIBERSORT analysis. Conclusion Genetic variants of MUC4 with CRC may constitute a molecular signature of metastatic recurrence. MUC4 may become a new target for the treatment of CRC recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongge Xing
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, 061000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiakang Shao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunchang Jiao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Döring C, Peer K, Bankov K, Bollmann C, Ramaswamy A, Di Fazio P, Wild PJ, Bartsch DK. Whole-exome sequencing of calcitonin-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms indicates a unique molecular signature. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1160921. [PMID: 37771441 PMCID: PMC10522832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1160921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calcitonin-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (CT-pNENs) are an extremely rare clinical entity, with approximately 60 cases reported worldwide. While CT-pNENs can mimic the clinical and diagnostic features of medullary thyroid carcinoma, their molecular profile is poorly understood. Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on tumor and corresponding serum samples of five patients with increased calcitonin serum levels and histologically validated calcitonin-positive CT-pNENs. cBioPortal analysis and DAVID gene enrichment analysis were performed to identify dysregulated candidate genes compared to control databases. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of MUC4 and MUC16 in CT-pNEN specimens. Results Mutated genes known in the literature in pNENs like MEN1 (35% of cases), ATRX (18-20% of cases) and PIK3CA (1.4% of cases) were identified in cases of CT-pNENs. New somatic SNVs in ATP4A, HES4, and CAV3 have not been described in CT- pNENs, yet. Pathogenic germline mutations in FGFR4 and DPYD were found in three of five cases. Mutations of CALCA (calcitonin) and the corresponding receptor CALCAR were found in all five tumor samples, but none of them resulted in protein sequelae or clinical relevance. All five tumor cases showed single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in MUC4, and four cases showed SNVs in MUC16, both of which were membrane-bound mucins. Immunohistochemistry showed protein expression of MUC4 in two cases and MUC16 in one case, and the liver metastasis of a third case was double positive for MUC4 and MUC16. The homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score of all tumors was low. Discussion CT-pNENs have a unique molecular signature compared to other pNEN subtypes, specifically involving the FGFR4, DPYD, MUC4, MUC16 and the KRT family genes. However, a major limitation of our study was the relative small number of only five cases. Therefore, our WES data should be interpreted with caution and the mutation landscape in CT-pNENs needs to be verified by a larger number of patients. Further research is needed to explain differences in pathogenesis compared with other pNENs. In particular, multi-omics data such as RNASeq, methylation and whole genome sequencing could be informative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Peer
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Bankov
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carmen Bollmann
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Ramaswamy
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Johannes Wild
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Detlef Klaus Bartsch
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morrison HA, Hoyt KJ, Mounzer C, Ivester HM, Barnes BH, Sauer B, McGowan EC, Allen IC. Expression profiling identifies key genes and biological functions associated with eosinophilic esophagitis in human patients. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1239273. [PMID: 37692891 PMCID: PMC10484407 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1239273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic disease characterized by progressive inflammation of the esophageal mucosa. This chronic inflammatory disorder affects up to 50 per 100,000 individuals in the United States and Europe yet is limited in treatment options. While the transcriptome of EoE has been reported, few studies have examined the genetics among a cohort including both adult and pediatric EoE populations. To identify potentially overlooked biomarkers in EoE esophageal biopsies that may be promising targets for diagnostic and therapeutic development. Methods We used microarray analysis to interrogate gene expression using esophageal biopsies from EoE and Control subjects with a wide age distribution. Analysis of differential gene expression (DEGs) and prediction of impaired pathways was compared using conventional transcriptome analysis (TAC) and artificial intelligence-based (ADVAITA) programs. Principal Components Analysis revealed samples cluster by disease status (EoE and Control) irrespective of clinical features like sex, age, and disease severity. Results Global transcriptomic analysis revealed differential expression of several genes previously reported in EoE (CCL26, CPA3, POSTN, CTSC, ANO1, CRISP3, SPINK7). In addition, we identified differential expression of several genes from the MUC and SPRR families, which have been limited in previous reports. Discussion Our findings suggest that there is epithelial dysregulation demonstrated by DEGs that may contribute to impaired barrier integrity and loss of epidermal cell differentiation in EoE patients. These findings present two new gene families, SPRR and MUC, that are differentially expressed in both adult and pediatric EoE patients, which presents an opportunity for a future therapeutic target that would be useful in a large demographic of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly A. Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Kacie J. Hoyt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Christina Mounzer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Hannah M. Ivester
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Barrett H. Barnes
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology/Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Bryan Sauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Emily C. McGowan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmad AAM, Elmowalid GA, Abdelhamid AE, Mohammad AAE, Abdelwahab AMO. Nigella sativa-chitosan nanoparticles: Novel intestinal mucosal immunomodulator controls and protects against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:103. [PMID: 37528439 PMCID: PMC10391840 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) propagates in chickens' gastrointestinal surfaces and is transmitted to humans, causing food poisoning. Oral supplementation with natural nanoparticles can overcome the harsh gastrointestinal conditions facing oral vaccines and requires no antibiotic administration to protect against microbial infection. This study was designed to study Nigella sativa-chitosan nanoparticles (CNP-NS) prophylactic immunomodulatory efficacy against SE infection in broiler chicks. The CNP-NS was prepared and characterized, and its in vivo immunomodulatory activities against an avian virulent-MDR SE-induced challenge in chicks were investigated. RESULT To verify the immune-protective activities of the CNP-NS, colony forming units (CFU) in the liver and fecal droppings; intestinal histopathological alterations and immune cell recruitment; MUC-2, TLR-4, cecal cytokines, and specific IgA gene expression levels were assessed. On the 7th and 12th days after the SE challenge, the CNP-NS supplemented chicks showed complete clearance of SE CFU in livers and fecal droppings, as well as an improvement in food conversion rate compared to non-supplemented CNP-NS that revealed the presence of the challenge SE CFU on the same days. A prominent influx of antigen presenting cells and lymphoid aggregates into the intestinal wall, spleen, and liver was detected with improvements in the intestinal villi morphometry of the CNP-NS-supplemented chicks. The changes of INF-γ, IL-1β, and IL-4 cecal cytokines, as well as TLR-4, MUC-2, and IgA mRNA expression levels, confirm CNP-NS immunomodulatory activities and provide a mechanism(s) for its protective actions against the induced SE challenge of the tested chickens. CONCLUSION These findings suggest promising useful insights into CNP-NS supplementation as a safe food additive for poultry meat consumers' and a protective immunomodulator of the chickens' mucosal immune systems. It could be recommended for epidemiological purposes to reduce the risk of SE food poisoning and transmission to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Attia M Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Gamal A Elmowalid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdelhamid
- Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ashraf M O Abdelwahab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiao JY, Zhu XJ, Zhou C, Wang P. Research progress on the immune microenvironment of the gallbladder in patients with cholesterol gallstones. World J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 14:887-895. [PMID: 36185563 PMCID: PMC9521471 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i9.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstones are very common in hepatobiliary surgery and have been studied to a certain extent by doctors worldwide for decades. However, the mechanism of cholesterol gallstone formation is not fully understood, so there is currently no completely effective drug for the treatment and prevention of cholesterol gallstones. The formation and development of cholesterol gallstones are caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors, among which genetic susceptibility, intestinal microflora disorders, impaired gallbladder motility, and immune disorders are important in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones. This review focuses on recent advances in these mechanisms. We also discuss some new targets that may be effective in the treatment and prevention of cholesterol gallstones, which may be hot areas in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Jiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Department of General Practitioner, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Agostini A, Orlacchio A, Carbone C, Guerriero I. Understanding Tricky Cellular and Molecular Interactions in Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment: New Food for Thought. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876291. [PMID: 35711414 PMCID: PMC9193393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents 90% of all pancreatic cancer cases and shows a high mortality rate among all solid tumors. PDAC is often associated with poor prognosis, due to the late diagnosis that leads to metastasis development, and limited efficacy of available treatments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a reliable source of novel targets for therapy, and even if many of the biological interactions among stromal, immune, and cancer cells that populate the TME have been studied, much more needs to be clarified. The great limitation in the efficacy of current standard chemoterapy is due to both the dense fibrotic inaccessible TME barrier surrounding cancer cells and the immunological evolution from a tumor-suppressor to an immunosuppressive environment. Nevertheless, combinatorial therapies may prove more effective at overcoming resistance mechanisms and achieving tumor cell killing. To achieve this result, a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanisms driving tumor progression and immune escape is required in order to design rationale-based therapeutic strategies. This review aims to summarize the present knowledge about cellular interactions in the TME, with much attention on immunosuppressive functioning and a specific focus on extracellular matrix (ECM) contribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Agostini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo Orlacchio
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Guerriero
- Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kang Y, Park H, Choe BH, Kang B. The Role and Function of Mucins and Its Relationship to Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:848344. [PMID: 35602503 PMCID: PMC9120656 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.848344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus is present throughout the gastrointestinal tract and is essential for regulating gut microbiota homeostasis and preventing disease by protecting the gastrointestinal barrier from microorganisms, pathogens and toxins or other irritants. Mucin (MUC)-2 is a secreted protein produced by epithelial goblet cells as the main component of mucus. Defects in the gastrointestinal tract, such as inflammation and ulcers, cause damage to the mucus barrier, which can worsen mucus quality and reduce mucus production. Therefore, we would like to review the characteristics of MUC2 and its role in intestinal disorders and highlight the importance of further studies. We also investigated whether the role of MUC2 differs between children and adults, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youra Kang
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyeonjeong Park
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ben Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ben Kang
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kishimoto H, Ridley C, Thornton DJ. The lipophilic cyclic peptide cyclosporin A induces aggregation of gel-forming mucins. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6153. [PMID: 35418571 PMCID: PMC9008041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are good candidates for orally delivered therapeutics, however, issues remain in their development due to low intestinal permeability. Although some of the biological factors have been reported that regulate intestinal permeation of cyclic peptides, the influence of the mucus barrier, a major hurdle to epithelial drug delivery, on cyclic peptide bioavailability is unclear. In this study, we show that the lipophilic cyclic peptide, cyclosporin A (CsA), interacted with, and likely induced aggregation, of polymeric, gel-forming mucins (MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B) which underpin the mucus gel-networks in the gastrointestinal tract. Under similar conditions, two other cyclic peptides (daptomycin and polymyxin B) did not cause mucin aggregation. Using rate-zonal centrifugation, purified MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins sedimented faster in the presence of CsA, with a significant increase in mucins in the pellet fraction. In contrast, mucin sedimentation profiles were largely unaltered after treatment with daptomycin or polymyxin B. CsA increased MUC5B sedimentation was concentration-dependent, and sedimentation studies using recombinant mucin protein domains suggests CsA most likely causes aggregation of the relatively non-O-glycosylated N-terminal and C-terminal regions of MUC5B. Furthermore, the aggregation of the N-terminal region, but not the C-terminal region, was affected by pH. CsA has partially N-methylated amide groups, this unique molecular structure, not present in daptomycin and polymyxin B, may potentially be involved in interaction with gel-forming mucin. Taken together, our results indicate that the interaction of gel-forming mucins with the cyclic peptide CsA is mediated at the N- and C-terminal domains of mucin polymers under physiological conditions. Our findings demonstrate that the mucus barrier is an important physiological factor regulating the intestinal permeation of cyclic peptides in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanao Kishimoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan. .,Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Caroline Ridley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - David J Thornton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kratochvil MJ, Kaber G, Demirdjian S, Cai PC, Burgener EB, Nagy N, Barlow GL, Popescu M, Nicolls MR, Ozawa MG, Regula DP, Pacheco-navarro AE, Yang S, de Jesus Perez VA, Karmouty-quintana H, Peters AM, Zhao B, Buja ML, Johnson PY, Vernon RB, Wight TN, Milla CE, Rogers AJ, Spakowitz AJ, Heilshorn SC, Bollyky PL, Stanford COVID-19 Biobank Study Group. Biochemical, Biophysical, and Immunological Characterization of Respiratory Secretions in Severe SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infections.. [PMID: 35411348 PMCID: PMC8996635 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.28.22272848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thick, viscous respiratory secretions are a major pathogenic feature of COVID-19 disease, but the composition and physical properties of these secretions are poorly understood. We characterized the composition and rheological properties (i.e. resistance to flow) of respiratory secretions collected from intubated COVID-19 patients. We find the percent solids and protein content are greatly elevated in COVID-19 compared to heathy control samples and closely resemble levels seen in cystic fibrosis, a genetic disease known for thick, tenacious respiratory secretions. DNA and hyaluronan (HA) are major components of respiratory secretions in COVID-19 and are likewise abundant in cadaveric lung tissues from these patients. COVID-19 secretions exhibit heterogeneous rheological behaviors with thicker samples showing increased sensitivity to DNase and hyaluronidase treatment. In histologic sections from these same patients, we observe increased accumulation of HA and the hyaladherin versican but reduced tumor necrosis factor–stimulated gene-6 (TSG6) staining, consistent with the inflammatory nature of these secretions. Finally, we observed diminished type I interferon and enhanced inflammatory cytokines in these secretions. Overall, our studies indicate that increases in HA and DNA in COVID-19 respiratory secretion samples correlate with enhanced inflammatory burden and suggest that DNA and HA may be viable therapeutic targets in COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
|
12
|
Comparative microanatomical and histochemical biodistribution profiles of different types of mucins in the intestinal mucosa of some tetrapod representatives. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:449-472. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
Wang T, Cheng K, Li Q, Wang T. Effects of yeast hydrolysate supplementation on intestinal morphology, barrier, and anti-inflammatory functions of broilers. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:858-868. [PMID: 34991218 PMCID: PMC9066044 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary yeast hydrolysate (YH) supplementation on intestinal morphology, barrier, and anti-inflammatory functions of broilers. Methods A total of 320 one day old male broilers were randomly allocated into four groups with eight replicates of ten broilers each. The broilers were supplemented with a basal diet (the control group) or basal diets adding 50, 100, 150 mg/kg YH, respectively. This trial lasted for 42 days. The orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to determine the linear and quadratic effects of increasing levels of YH. Results In our previous research, supplementing YH improved growth performance by enhancing body weight gain but decreased feed-to-gain ratio. In this study, compared with the control group, dietary YH addition linearly and quadratically decreased serum diamine oxidase activity (p<0.05). Additionally, supplementing YH linearly and/or quadratically decreased jejunal crypt depth (CD), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentration as well as mucin 2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, TNF-α, nuclear factor kappa B, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 gene expression levels (p<0.05). Whereas the jejunal villus height (VH), VH/CD, IL-10 concentration as well as zonula occludens-1 and IL-10 gene expression levels were linearly and/or quadratically increased by YH supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion Dietary YH supplementation improved intestinal morphology, barrier and anti-inflammatory functions while decreased intestinal permeability of broilers, which might be related with altering pertinent genes expression. This study provides evidence of YH as a promising feed additive for broilers.
Collapse
|
14
|
Razmara P, Pyle GG. Effect of copper nanoparticles and copper ions on the architecture of rainbow trout olfactory mucosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112876. [PMID: 34634597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory epithelial cells are in direct contact with myriad environmental contaminants which may consequently disrupt their structure and function. Copper ions (Cu2+) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are two types of olfactory neurotoxicants. However, their effects on the structure of olfactory epithelium are largely uninvestigated. The density of olfactory goblet cells in CuNP- and Cu2+ - exposed rainbow trout was assessed using light microscopy throughout time. In both copper (Cu) treatments, the number of goblet cells increased initially over the 24 h exposure and then recovered to normal throughout the 96 h exposure. These data suggested the 96 h exposure to Cu contaminants interfered with protective barrier provided by goblet cells. Nonetheless, lamellar and epithelial thickness of olfactory rosette did not change in the Cu-exposed fish. The gene transcript profile of olfactory mucosa studied by RNA-seq indicated Cu2+ and CuNPs differentially targeted the molecular composition of cell junctions. In the Cu2+ treatment, reduced mRNA abundances of tight junctions, adherens junction, desmosomes and hemidesmosomes, suggest that Cu2+-exposed olfactory mucosal cells had weak junctional complexes. In the CuNP treatment, on the other hand, the transcript abundances of cell junction compositions, except adherens junction, were upregulated. Transcripts associated with gap junctional channels were increased in both Cu treatments. The elevated transcript levels of gap junctions in both Cu treatments suggested that the demand for intercellular communication was increased in the Cu-exposed olfactory mucosa. Overall, our findings suggested that Cu2+ induced greater adverse effects on the molecular composition of olfactory cell junctions relative to CuNPs. Impairment of junctional complexes may disrupt the structural integrity of olfactory mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Razmara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Gregory G Pyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang B, Huang A, Jiang M, Li H, Bao W, Ding K, Jiang Z, Zhao G, Hu H. Risk Factors for Early Recurrence of Gallstones in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopy Combined With Choledochoscopic Lithotomy: A Single-Center Prospective Study. Front Surg 2021; 8:759390. [PMID: 34901141 PMCID: PMC8651707 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.759390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: For patients with gallstones, laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopic lithotomy is a therapeutic surgical option for preservation rather than the removal of the gallbladder. However, postoperative recurrence of gallstones is a key concern for both patients and surgeons. This prospective study was performed to investigate the risk factors for early postoperative recurrence of gallstones. Methods: The clinical data of 466 patients were collected. Each patient was followed up for up to 2 years. The first follow-up visit occurred 4 months after the operation, and a follow-up visit was carried out every 6 months thereafter. The main goal of each visit was to confirm the presence or absence of gallbladder stones. The factors associated with gallstone recurrence were analyzed by univariate analysis and Cox regression. Results: In total, 466 eligible patients were included in the study, and 438 patients (180 men and 258 women) completed the 2-year postoperative follow-up. The follow-up rate was 94.0%. Recurrence of gallstones was detected in 5.71% (25/438) of the patients. Univariate analysis revealed five risk factors for the recurrence of gallstones. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that multiple gallstones, a gallbladder wall thickness of ≥4 mm, and a family history of gallbladder stones were the three predictive factors for postoperative recurrence of gallstones (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The overall 2-year recurrence rate of gallstones after the operation was 5.71%. Multiple gallstones, a gallbladder wall thickness of ≥4 mm, and a family history of gallstones were the three risk factors associated with early postoperative recurrence of gallstones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Center of Gallbladder Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anhua Huang
- Center of Gallbladder Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Center of Gallbladder Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Li
- Center of Gallbladder Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Bao
- Center of Gallbladder Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Center of Gallbladder Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyan Jiang
- Center of Gallbladder Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Center of Gallbladder Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Center of Gallbladder Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Song F, Chen FY, Wu SY, Hu B, Liang XL, Yang HQ, Cheng JW, Wang PX, Guo W, Zhou J, Fan J, Chen Z, Yang XR. Mucin 1 promotes tumor progression through activating WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:6937-6947. [PMID: 34729096 PMCID: PMC8558653 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Current treatment options for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are limited by the lack of understanding of the disease pathogenesis. It has been known that mucin 1 (MUC1) is a cell surface mucin that highly expressed in various cancer tissues. However, its role in ICC has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of MUC1 in ICC. Methods: qRT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to examine MUC1 expression. RNA-Seq (RNA Sequencing) s conducted to explore the RNA expression. A tissue microarray study including 214 ICC cases was also conducted to evaluate the clinical relevance and prognostic significance of MUC1. The role and underlying mechanisms of MUC1 in regulating cell growth and invasion were further explored both in vitro and in vivo models. Results: The mRNA and protein levels of MUC1 were significantly up-regulated in ICC compared to paired non-tumor tissues. Depletion of MUC1 in HCCC9810 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and overexpression of MUC1 in RBE cells resulted in increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Both univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the protein expression of MUC1 was associated with overall survival and relapse-free survival after tumor resection. Clinically, high MUC1 expression was more commonly observed in aggressive tumors. Further studies indicated that MUC1 exerted its function through activating Wnt/ β-catenin pathway. Conclusions: Our data suggests that MUC1 promoted ICC progression via activating Wnt / β-catenin pathway. This study not only deciphered the role of MUC in ICC pathogenesis, but also shed light upon identifying novel potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Yu Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Sui-Yi Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Qin Yang
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210018, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang H, Hu Y, Guo L, Wen Z. Integrated bioinformatics analyses of key genes involved in hepatocellular carcinoma immunosuppression. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:830. [PMID: 34691257 PMCID: PMC8527569 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical inflammation-driven cancer. Chronically unresolved inflammation may remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which is rich in innate immune cells. The mechanisms via which HCC progresses through the evasion of the innate immune surveillance remain unclear. The present study thus aimed to identify key genes involved in HCC immunosuppression and to establish an innate immune risk signature, with the ultimate goal of obtaining new insight into effective immunotherapies. HCC and normal liver tissue mRNA expression and clinicopathological data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The immunosuppressive innate immune-related genes (IIRGs) in HCC were screened using integrated bioinformatics analyses. Gene expression was then validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus database and the Human Protein Atlas database, and tissues were obtained from patients with HCC who underwent surgery. In total, 3,676 genes were identified as differentially expressed mRNAs after comparing the HCC tissues with the normal liver tissues in TCGA. Gene Set Enrichment Analyses revealed 21 highly expressed IIRGs in HCC tissues. A survival analysis and Cox regression model were used to construct an innate immune risk signature, including three IIRGs: Collectin-12 (COLEC12), matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12) and mucin-12 (MUC12) genes. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that the signature of the three IIRGs was a robust independent risk factor in relation to the overall survival (OS) of patients with HCC. The expression of the three aforementioned IIRGs was confirmed through external validation. Moreover, COLEC12 and MMP12 expression significantly correlated with that of immune checkpoint molecules or immunosuppressive cytokines. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion tool predicted that the increased expression of the three IIRGs in patients with HCC was significantly associated with the efficacy of relatively poor immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Conclusively, a novel innate immune-related risk signature for patients with HCC was constructed and validated. This signature may be involved in immunosuppression, and may be used to predict a poor prognosis, functioning as a potential immunotherapeutic target for patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Youwen Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhili Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Elicits Airway Mucin Secretion through Activation of the cAMP Response Element Binding Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169064. [PMID: 34445770 PMCID: PMC8396599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucus layer protects airway epithelia from damage by noxious agents. Intriguingly, Bordetella pertussis bacteria provoke massive mucus production by nasopharyngeal epithelia during the initial coryza-like catarrhal stage of human pertussis and the pathogen transmits in mucus-containing aerosol droplets expelled by sneezing and post-nasal drip-triggered cough. We investigated the role of the cAMP-elevating adenylate cyclase (CyaA) and pertussis (PT) toxins in the upregulation of mucin production in B. pertussis-infected airway epithelia. Using human pseudostratified airway epithelial cell layers cultured at air–liquid interface (ALI), we show that purified CyaA and PT toxins (100 ng/mL) can trigger production of the major airway mucins Muc5AC and Muc5B. Upregulation of mucin secretion involved activation of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and was blocked by the 666-15-Calbiochem inhibitor of CREB-mediated gene transcription. Intriguingly, a B. pertussis mutant strain secreting only active PT and producing the enzymatically inactive CyaA-AC– toxoid failed to trigger any important mucus production in infected epithelial cell layers in vitro or in vivo in the tracheal epithelia of intranasally infected mice. In contrast, the PT– toxoid-producing B. pertussis mutant secreting the active CyaA toxin elicited a comparable mucin production as infection of epithelial cell layers or tracheal epithelia of infected mice by the wild-type B. pertussis secreting both PT and CyaA toxins. Hence, the cAMP-elevating activity of B. pertussis-secreted CyaA was alone sufficient for activation of mucin production through a CREB-dependent mechanism in B. pertussis-infected airway epithelia in vivo.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang S, Yu M. Role of Goblet Cells in Intestinal Barrier and Mucosal Immunity. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3171-3183. [PMID: 34285541 PMCID: PMC8286120 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s318327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Goblet cells and the mucus they secrete serve as an important barrier, preventing pathogens from invading the mucosa to cause intestinal inflammation. The perspective regarding goblet cells and mucus has changed, with current evidence suggesting that they are not passive but play a positive role in maintaining intestinal tract immunity and mucosal homeostasis. Goblet cells could obtain luminal antigens, presenting them to the underlying antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that induces adaptive immune responses. Various immunomodulatory factors can promote the differentiation and maturation of goblet cells, and the secretion of mucin. The abnormal proliferation and differentiation of goblet cells, as well as the deficiency synthesis and secretion of mucins, result in intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction. This review provides an extensive outline of the signaling pathways that regulate goblet cell proliferation and differentiation and control mucins synthesis and secretion to elucidate how altering these pathways affects goblet functionality. Furthermore, the interaction between mucins and goblet cells in intestinal mucosal immunology is described. Therefore, the contribution of goblet cells and mucus in promoting gut defense and homeostasis is illustrated, while clarifying the regulatory mechanisms involved may allow the development of new therapeutic strategies for intestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Adverse Effects of Heat Stress on the Intestinal Integrity and Function of Pigs and the Mitigation Capacity of Dietary Antioxidants: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041135. [PMID: 33921090 PMCID: PMC8071411 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) significantly affects the performance of pigs by its induced stressors such as inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress (OS), which mightily strain the intestinal integrity and function of pigs. As heat stress progresses, several mechanisms in the intestinal epithelium involved in the absorption of nutrients and its protective functions are altered. Changes in these mechanisms are mainly driven by cellular oxidative stress, which promotes disruption of intestinal homeostasis, leading to intestinal permeability, emphasizing intestinal histology and morphology with little possibility of recovering even after exposure to HS. Identification and understanding of these altered mechanisms are crucial for providing appropriate intervention strategies. Therefore, it is this papers' objective to review the important components for intestinal integrity that are negatively affected by HS and its induced stressors. With due consideration to the amelioration of such effects through nutritional intervention, this work will also look into the capability of dietary antioxidants in mitigating such adverse effects and maintaining the intestine's integrity and function upon the pigs' exposure to high environmental temperature.
Collapse
|
21
|
Almasmoum H. The Roles of Transmembrane Mucins Located on Chromosome 7q22.1 in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3271-3280. [PMID: 33883940 PMCID: PMC8053700 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s299089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancers. It is associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality. The role of mucins (MUCs) in colon tumorigenesis is unclear, but it might be significant in the progression of malignancy. Some mucins, such as MUC1 and MUC13, act as oncogenes, whereas others, such as MUC2 and MUC6, are tumor suppressors. However, there are still mucins with unidentified roles in CRC. In this review, we discuss the reported roles of mucins in CRC. Moreover, we review the capability of the mucin family to serve as a sensitive and specific histopathological marker for the early diagnosis of CRC. Lastly, the role of mucin genes clustered on chromosome 7q22 in CRC and other cancers is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dong N, Guo R, Gong Y, Yuan Y. Phenotype characteristics of gastric epithelial mucus in patients with different gastric diseases: from superficial gastritis to gastric cancer. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10822. [PMID: 33665018 PMCID: PMC7916529 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric gland mucin is important for maintaining the basic function of the gastric mucosa, protecting it from foreign substances and reducing the occurrence of gastric diseases. Exploring the phenotype of gastric gland mucus changes during the progression of gastric disease is of great clinical significance. Methods A total of 483 patients with different gastric diseases were collected in this study, including 82 superficial gastritis (SG), 81 atrophic gastritis (AG), 168 dysplasia (GD), and 152 gastric cancer (GC). Mucin staining was performed using HID-ABpH2.5-PAS method and was further grouped according to the mucin coloration. Results The phenotypic characteristics of mucin during disease progression were divided into neutral, acidic, and mucus-free types. Furthermore, acidic mucus can be divided into type I, type II, and type III. The SG group was dominated by neutral mucus (100%), and the AG was dominated by acid mucus (81.48%), which gradually increased with the severity of atrophy (P < 0.05). The GD and GC groups were dominated by mucus-free (43.45%, 78.29%), and as the degree of GD worsened, neutral and acidic mucus gradually decreased and mucus-free increased (P < 0.001). From the SG, AG, GD, and GC progression, neutral and acidic mucus gradually decreased, and mucus- free gradually increased. Acidic mucin revealed that type III (red-brown black) mucin was predominant in AG, GD, and GC, and increased with the degree of AG, GD, as well as the biological behavior of GC. In the lesion adjacent to high-grade GD or GC, type III acid mucin is predominant. Conclusion There were three mucin phenotypes in the process of gastric diseases. With the disease progression, the trend of phenotypic change was that neutral and acidic mucus gradually decreased and mucus-free increased. The appearance of type III mucin suggested a relatively serious phase of gastric diseases and may be a more suitable candidate for follow-up monitoring of patients with GC risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Dong
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,The First Hospital of China Medical University, Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,The First Hospital of China Medical University, Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,The First Hospital of China Medical University, Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,The First Hospital of China Medical University, Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China.,The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, Shenyang, LiaoNing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Beatty P, Ranganathan S, Finn OJ. Prevention of colitis-associated colon cancer using a vaccine to target abnormal expression of the MUC1 tumor antigen. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:263-270. [PMID: 22737601 PMCID: PMC3382848 DOI: 10.4161/onci.18950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Association between chronic inflammation and cancer development is exemplified by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) where patients with chronic uncontrolled colitis have a significantly increased risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACC). CACC appears to progresses through the inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. This highlights the need to identify targets and interventions that reduce inflammation and prevent development of dysplasia in the context of IBD. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model of chronic colitis and CACC, we show that an important target of intervention in human disease would be the epithelial cell molecule MUC1 that is aberrantly expressed on inflamed colonocytes and promotes inflammation and progression to CACC. We show that a MUC1 vaccine can ameliorate chronic colitis and prevent development of dysplasia in the colon and thus extend survival in human MUC1 transgenic mice. This study supports the potential of prophylactic vaccines to target antigens that become aberrantly expressed in chronic inflammation (e.g., IBD) and continue to be expressed on the associated cancers (e.g., colon cancer), to prevent and/or treat both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Beatty
- Department of Immunology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; Division of Pediatric Pathology; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Unsupervised Hierarchical Clustering of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Dataset from TCGA Defines a Mucin Expression Profile that Impacts Overall Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113309. [PMID: 33182511 PMCID: PMC7697168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer has a dramatic outcome (survival curve < 6 months) that is the consequence of late diagnosis and the lack of efficient therapy. We investigated the relationship between the 22 mucin gene expression and the patient survival in pancreatic cancer datasets that provide a comprehensive mapping of transcriptomic alterations occurring during carcinogenesis. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of mucin gene expression patterns, we identified two major clusters of patients: atypical mucin signature (#1; MUC15, MUC14/EMCN, and MUC18/MCAM) and membrane-bound mucin signature (#2; MUC1, -4, -16, -17, -20, and -21). The signature #2 is associated with shorter overall survival, suggesting that the pattern of membrane-bound mucin expression could be a new prognostic marker for PDAC patients. Abstract Mucins are commonly associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that is a deadly disease because of the lack of early diagnosis and efficient therapies. There are 22 mucin genes encoding large O-glycoproteins divided into two major subgroups: membrane-bound and secreted mucins. We investigated mucin expression and their impact on patient survival in the PDAC dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (PAAD-TCGA). We observed a statistically significant increased messenger RNA (mRNA) relative level of most of the membrane-bound mucins (MUC1/3A/4/12/13/16/17/20), secreted mucins (MUC5AC/5B), and atypical mucins (MUC14/18) compared to normal pancreas. We show that MUC1/4/5B/14/17/20/21 mRNA levels are associated with poorer survival in the high-expression group compared to the low-expression group. Using unsupervised clustering analysis of mucin gene expression patterns, we identified two major clusters of patients. Cluster #1 harbors a higher expression of MUC15 and atypical MUC14/MUC18, whereas cluster #2 is characterized by a global overexpression of membrane-bound mucins (MUC1/4/16/17/20/21). Cluster #2 is associated with shorter overall survival. The patient stratification appears to be independent of usual clinical features (tumor stage, differentiation grade, lymph node invasion) suggesting that the pattern of membrane-bound mucin expression could be a new prognostic marker for PDAC patients.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang M, Wu C. The relationship between intestinal goblet cells and the immune response. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201471. [PMID: 33017020 PMCID: PMC7569202 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Goblet cells (GCs) are single-cell glands that produce and secrete mucin. Mucin forms a mucus layer, which can separate the materials in cavities from the intestinal epithelium and prevent the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms in various ways. GCs can also participate in the immune response through nonspecific endocytosis and goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs). GCs endocytose soluble substances from the lumen and transmit antigens to the underlying antigen-presenting cells (APCs). A variety of immuno-regulatory factors can promote the differentiation, maturation of GCs, and the secretion of mucin. The mucin secreted by GCs forms a mucus layer, which plays an important role in resisting the invasion of foreign bacteria and intestinal inherent microorganisms, regulating the immune performance of the body. Therefore, the present study mainly reviews the barrier function of the mucus layer, the mucus secreted by goblet cells, the protective effect against pathogenic bacteria, the delivery of luminal substances through GAPs and the relationship between GCs and the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kaber G, Kratochvil MJ, Burgener EB, Peltan EL, Barlow G, Yang S, Nicolls MR, de Jesus Perez V, Rosser JI, Wardle AJ, Kalinowski A, Ozawa MG, Regula DP, Nagy N, Heilshorn SC, Milla CE, Rogers AJ, Bollyky PL. Hyaluronan is abundant in COVID-19 respiratory secretions. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 32935110 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.11.20191692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 respiratory infections are associated with copious, adherent respiratory secretions that prolong chronic ventilation and contribute to the morbidity and mortality caused by the disease. We hypothesized that hyaluronan, an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan produced at sites of active inflammation that promotes edema in other settings, might be a component of these secretions. To interrogate this, we examined the respiratory secretions collected from eight intubated patients with COVID-19, six control patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), a different respiratory disease also associated with thick adherent secretions, and eight healthy controls. In this sample set we found that hyaluronan content is increased approximately 20-fold in both CF and COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. The hyaluronan in COVID-19 samples was comprised of low-molecular weight fragments, the hyaluronan form most strongly linked with pro-inflammatory functions. Hyaluronan is similarly abundant in histologic sections from cadaveric lung tissue from COVID-19 patients. These findings implicate hyaluronan in the thick respiratory secretions characteristic of COVID-19 infection. Therapeutic strategies targeting hyaluronan should be investigated further for potential use in patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
|
27
|
Singh P, Sanchez-Fernandez LL, Ramiro-Cortijo D, Ochoa-Allemant P, Perides G, Liu Y, Medina-Morales E, Yakah W, Freedman SD, Martin CR. Maltodextrin-induced intestinal injury in a neonatal mouse model. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm044776. [PMID: 32753526 PMCID: PMC7473650 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prematurity and enteral feedings are major risk factors for intestinal injury leading to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). An immature digestive system can lead to maldigestion of macronutrients and increased vulnerability to intestinal injury. The aim of this study was to test in neonatal mice the effect of maltodextrin, a complex carbohydrate, on the risk of intestinal injury. The goal was to develop a robust and highly reproducible murine model of intestinal injury that allows insight into the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions of nutrient-driven intestinal injury. Five- to 6-day-old C57BL/6 mice were assigned to the following groups: dam fed (D); D+hypoxia+Klebsiella pneumoniae; maltodextrin-dominant human infant formula (M) only; M+hypoxia; and M+hypoxia+K. pneumoniae. The mice in all M groups were gavage fed five times a day for 4 days. Mice were exposed to hypoxia twice a day for 10 min prior to the first and last feedings, and K. pneumoniae was added to feedings as per group assignment. Mice in all M groups demonstrated reduced body weight, increased small intestinal dilatation and increased intestinal injury scores. Maltodextrin-dominant infant formula with hypoxia led to intestinal injury in neonatal mice accompanied by loss of villi, increased MUC2 production, altered expression of tight junction proteins, enhanced intestinal permeability, increased cell death and higher levels of intestinal inflammatory mediators. This robust and highly reproducible model allows for further interrogation of the effects of nutrients on pathogenic factors leading to intestinal injury and NEC in preterm infants.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/chemically induced
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/metabolism
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/microbiology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/pathology
- Goblet Cells/metabolism
- Goblet Cells/microbiology
- Goblet Cells/pathology
- Hypoxia/complications
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/microbiology
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/pathogenicity
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microvilli/pathology
- Mucin-2/metabolism
- Permeability
- Polysaccharides
- Tight Junction Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lady Leidy Sanchez-Fernandez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Ramiro-Cortijo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pedro Ochoa-Allemant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Perides
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Esli Medina-Morales
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William Yakah
- Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven D Freedman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Camilia R Martin
- Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang S, You L, Dai M, Zhao Y. Mucins in pancreatic cancer: A well-established but promising family for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10279-10289. [PMID: 32745356 PMCID: PMC7521221 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are a family of multifunctional glycoproteins that mostly line the surface of epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract and exert pivotal roles in gut lubrication and protection. Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with poor early diagnosis, limited therapeutic effects, and high numbers of cancer‐related deaths. In this review, we introduce the expression profiles of mucins in the normal pancreas, pancreatic precursor neoplasia and pancreatic cancer. Mucins in the pancreas contribute to biological processes such as the protection, lubrication and moisturization of epithelial tissues. They also participate in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer and are used as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss the important roles of mucins that lead to the lethality of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, particularly MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC16 in disease progression, and present a comprehensive analysis of the clinical application of mucins and their promising roles in cancer treatment to gain a better understanding of the role of mucins in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunda Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee HS, Vancamelbeke M, Verstockt S, Wilms T, Verstockt B, Sabino J, Ferrante M, Vermeire S, Cleynen I. Molecular Changes in the Non-Inflamed Terminal Ileum of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081793. [PMID: 32731480 PMCID: PMC7464680 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease confined to the colon. Although the etiopathogenesis remains unknown, small bowel dysfunctions like histological and permeability alterations have been described in ulcerative colitis. We evaluated the molecular gene signature in the non-inflamed terminal ileum of 36 ulcerative colitis patients (7 active, with Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥2, and 29 inactive) as compared to 15 non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. Differential gene expression analysis with DESeq2 showed distinct expression patterns depending on disease activity and maximal disease extent. We found 84 dysregulated genes in patients with active extensive colitis and 20 in inactive extensive colitis, compared to controls. There was an overlap of 5 genes: REG1B, REG1A, MUC4, GRAMD2, and CASP10. In patients with left-sided colitis, ileal gene expression levels were similar to controls. Based on gene co-expression analysis, ileal changes in active ulcerative colitis patients were related to immune functions. The ileal changes in the inactive ulcerative colitis subjects converged into the maintenance of the intestinal barrier through increased mitochondrial function and dampened immune functions. In conclusion, we identified molecular changes in the non-inflamed ileum of ulcerative colitis that are dependent on colonic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Su Lee
- Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.-S.L.); (S.V.); (T.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Maaike Vancamelbeke
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); (B.V.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (S.V.)
| | - Sare Verstockt
- Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.-S.L.); (S.V.); (T.W.)
| | - Tom Wilms
- Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.-S.L.); (S.V.); (T.W.)
| | - Bram Verstockt
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); (B.V.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (S.V.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Sabino
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); (B.V.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (S.V.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); (B.V.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (S.V.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); (B.V.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (S.V.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Cleynen
- Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.-S.L.); (S.V.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-1637-7480
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Huang S, Wu Z, Yuan X, Li N, Li T, Wang J, Levesque CL, Feng C. Transcriptome Differences Suggest Novel Mechanisms for Intrauterine Growth Restriction Mediated Dysfunction in Small Intestine of Neonatal Piglets. Front Physiol 2020; 11:561. [PMID: 32655399 PMCID: PMC7324767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired intestinal function is frequently detected in newborns with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), whereas the mechanism between transcriptome profiles and small intestinal dysfunction is still unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted by using IUGR neonatal piglets to uncover the mechanism underlying intestinal dysfunction. Neonatal piglets with IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) were sacrificed at birth. Transcriptomic sequencing was performed on jejunum samples and generated 18,997 and 17,531 genes in NBW and IUGR groups, respectively. A total of 10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified; of note, only seven were mapped to the genome reference database, with two up-regulated (HSF4 and NR1H4; heat shock transcription factor 4 and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4, respectively) and five down-regulated (SLC35C1, BTNL3, BPI, NLRP6, and SLC5A8; Solute carrier family 35 member C1, butyrophilin like 3, bactericidal permeability increasing protein, NLR family pyrin domain containing 6, and solute carrier family 5 member 8, respectively). Combining an enrichment analysis and reverse transcriptase–quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation of DEGs, our results proved the lipid metabolism disorder, intestinal dysfunction, and inflammatory response in IUGR piglets. Here, IUGR piglets presented lower concentration of glucose and triglyceride and higher concentration of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, compared with NBW piglets. Histological analysis revealed decreased mucins and increased apoptosis in both jejunum and ileum for IUGR piglets. Collectively, we found that IUGR induced intestinal dysfunction by altering lipid metabolism, intestinal barrier, and inflammatory response in neonatal piglets at birth, which provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of IUGR that protects against metabolic disorders and inflammatory-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiongkun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Crystal L Levesque
- Department of Animal Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Cuiping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abdelhady AS, Abdel Hamid FF, Hassan NM, Ibrahim DM. Prognostic value of bone marrow MUC4 expression in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Biomed Sci 2020; 77:202-207. [PMID: 32270747 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2020.1754583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Aberrant expression of mucin-4 (MUC4) is present in a variety of solid cancers, but the expression pattern of MUC4 and its clinical relevance in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the expression level of MUC4 and explore its prognostic value in newly diagnosed adult patients with AML. Methods: Bone marrow from 70 AML patients and 26 healthy donors was obtained. MUC4 levels were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. Routine blood indices were measured by standard techniques. Results: Bone marrow MUC4 expression levels were significantly elevated in AML patients compared to controls at median (range) 2.77 (0.7-16.6) and 1.14 (0.5-1.99) respectively (p = 0.005). Moreover, lower MUC4 expression was strongly associated with persistent remission (p = 0.001) while higher MUC4 levels were associated with worse overall as well as disease-free survival (p = 0.011 and p = 0.006, respectively). Thus, its level may act as an indicator of disease progression. High MUC4 expression was identified as an independent prognostic predictor for both overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusion: MUC4 over-expression is an independent predictor of a poor prognosis in AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Abdelhady
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - F F Abdel Hamid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - N M Hassan
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - D M Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University , Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pothuraju R, Krishn SR, Gautam SK, Pai P, Ganguly K, Chaudhary S, Rachagani S, Kaur S, Batra SK. Mechanistic and Functional Shades of Mucins and Associated Glycans in Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E649. [PMID: 32168759 PMCID: PMC7139953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus serves as the chief protective barrier against pathogenic and mechanical insults in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts. Altered mucin expression, the major component of mucus, in conjunction with differential glycosylation has been strongly associated with both benign and malignant pathologies of colon. Mucins and their associated glycans arbitrate their impact sterically as well as mechanically by altering molecular and microbial spectrum during pathogenesis. Mucin expression in normal and pathological conditions is regulated by nonspecific (dietary factors and gut microbiota) and specific (epigenetic and transcriptional) modulators. Further, recent studies highlight the impact of altering mucin glycome (cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens including Tn, Sialyl-Tn, Sialyl-Lew A, and Sialyl-Lewis X) on host immunomodulation, antitumor immunity, as well as gut microbiota. In light of emerging literature, the present review article digs into the impact of structural organization and of expressional and glycosylation alteration of mucin family members on benign and malignant pathologies of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Shailendra K. Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Priya Pai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dietary High Sodium Fluoride Impairs Digestion and Absorption Ability, Mucosal Immunity, and Alters Cecum Microbial Community of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020179. [PMID: 31973036 PMCID: PMC7070338 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fluoride (F) on tissue retention, digestive enzymes activities, mucosal immunity, and cecum microbial community of laying hens. (2) Methods: Total of 288 37-week-old Hy-Line Gray laying hens with similar laying rate (85.16% ± 3.87%) were adapted to the basal diets for ten days, and then allocated into three groups at random (n = 9, 6, 6 replicates/group). The concentrations of F in the diets were 31.19 (the control group, CON), 431.38 (F400, low-F group) and 1237.16 mg/kg (F1200, high-F group), respectively. The trial lasted for 59 days. (3) Results: Results suggested that F residuals in duodenum responded to dietary F concentrations positively. The activities of amylase, maltase and lactase were decreased in high-F group, compared with those in the control group. The mRNA expression levels of jejunum and ileum secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and Mucin 2, and sIgA concentrations were decreased inhigh-F group, than those in the control group. The observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of laying hens in high-F group were higher than the CON and low-F groups, and the bacterial structure was different from the other two groups. The Lactobacillus was higher in the control group, while Gammaproteobacteria, Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were higher in the high-F group. (4) Conclusions: The actual results confirmed that dietary high F intake increased the F residuals in duodenum, and reduced the digestion and absorption of nutrients and immunity via decreasing the activities of digestive enzymes, impairing intestine mucosal immunity, and disturbing the cecum microbial homeostasis of laying hens.
Collapse
|
34
|
Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of MUC Family Members in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:2391670. [PMID: 31933627 PMCID: PMC6942850 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2391670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the association between MUC expression levels in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and prognosis and investigate the associations between MUC expression levels and CRC clinicopathological characteristics. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception through September 13, 2019, to identify studies investigating the association between MUC expression levels in CRC tissues and prognosis. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate associations between MUC expression levels and prognosis or clinicopathological characteristics, respectively. The heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the I2 values, whereas the likelihood of publication bias was assessed by Egger's linear regression and Begg's rank correlation test. Results Among 33 included studies (n = 6032 patients), there were no associations between combined MUC phenotype expression levels and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS)/relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients with CRC. In subgroup analyses, the upregulated MUC1 expression (HR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.29–1.74; P < 0.00001) was associated with poor OS. However, the upregulated MUC2 expression (HR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52–0.79; P < 0.00001) was associated with better OS. Furthermore, a high level of MUC1 expression (HR = 1.99; 95% CI, 0.99–3.99; P = 0.05) was associated with shorter DFS/RFS. However, patients with a low level of MUC2 tumors showed better DFS/RFS than patients with a high level of MUC2 tumors (HR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.49–1.04; P = 0.08; P = 0.0.009, I2 = 67%) and MUC5AC expression (HR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38–0.82; P = 0.003) was associated with longer DFS/RFS. In addition, a high level of MUC1 expression was associated with CRC in the rectum, deeper invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, advanced tumor stage, and lymphatic invasion. A high level of MUC2 expression had a protective effect. High secretion of MUC5AC is associated with colon cancer compared with rectal cancer. Conclusion The protein expression of MUC1 might be a poor biomarker in colorectal cancer and might play a role in tumor transformation and metastasis. However, the protein expression of MUC2 expression might have a protective effect. Furthermore, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of large patients are needed to confirm the results.
Collapse
|
35
|
A Purified Aspartic Protease from Akkermansia Muciniphila Plays an Important Role in Degrading Muc2. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010072. [PMID: 31861919 PMCID: PMC6982040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila can produce various mucin-degrading proteins. However, the functional characteristics of these proteins and their role in mucin degradation are unclear. Of the predicted protein-coding genes, Amuc_1434, which encodes for a hypothetical protein, is the focus in this study. A recombinant enzyme Amuc_1434 containing the 6× His-tag produced in Escherichia coli (hereinafter termed Amuc_1434*) was isolated to homogeneity and biochemically characterised. Results showed that the enzyme can hydrolyse hemoglobin with an activity of 17.21 U/μg. The optimal pH and temperature for hemoglobin hydrolysis of Amuc_1434* were found to be around 8.0 and 40 °C, respectively. Amuc_1434* is identified as a member of the aspartic protease family through the action of inhibitor pepstatin A. Amuc_1434* promotes the adhesion of colon cancer cell line LS174T, which can highly express Muc2. Significantly Amuc_1434* can degrade Muc2 of colon cancer cells. Amuc_1434 is mainly located in the colon of BALB/c mice. These results suggest that the presence of Amuc_1434 from Akkermansia muciniphila may be correlated with the restoration of gut barrier function by decreasing mucus layer thickness.
Collapse
|
36
|
Fan H, Wang A, Wang Y, Sun Y, Han J, Chen W, Wang S, Wu Y, Lu Y. Innate Lymphoid Cells: Regulators of Gut Barrier Function and Immune Homeostasis. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:2525984. [PMID: 31930146 PMCID: PMC6942837 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2525984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), identified in the early years of this century as a new class of leukocyte family unlike the B or T lymphocytes, play a unique role bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal immunity. Their origin, differentiation, and activation process and functions have caught global interest. Recently, accumulating evidence supports that ILCs are vital regulators for gastrointestinal mucosal homeostasis through interactions with other structural and stromal cells in gut epithelial barriers. This review will explore the functions of ILCs and other cells in maintaining gut homeostasis and feature the crosstalk between ILCs with other cells and potential pharmacotherapy targeting ILCs applicable in intestinal innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of TCM Formula, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong 250035, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang H, Li D, Liu L, Xu L, Zhu M, He X, Liu Y. Cellular Composition and Differentiation Signaling in Chicken Small Intestinal Epithelium. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E870. [PMID: 31717851 PMCID: PMC6912625 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine plays an important role for animals to digest and absorb nutrients. The epithelial lining of the intestine develops from the embryonic endoderm of the embryo. The mature intestinal epithelium is composed of different types of functional epithelial cells that are derived from stem cells, which are located in the crypts. Chickens have been widely used as an animal model for researching vertebrate embryonic development. However, little is known about the molecular basis of development and differentiation within the chicken small intestinal epithelium. This review introduces processes of development and growth in the chicken gut, and compares the cellular characteristics and signaling pathways between chicken and mammals, including Notch and Wnt signaling that control the differentiation in the small intestinal epithelium. There is evidence that the chicken intestinal epithelium has a distinct cellular architecture and proliferation zone compared to mammals. The establishment of an in vitro cell culture model for chickens will provide a novel tool to explore molecular regulation of the chicken intestinal development and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; (H.Z.); (L.X.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (D.L.); (M.Z.)
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, IN 47408, USA
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (D.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lingbin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; (H.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Mo Zhu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (D.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xi He
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; (H.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (D.L.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kasprzak A, Adamek A. Mucins: the Old, the New and the Promising Factors in Hepatobiliary Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061288. [PMID: 30875782 PMCID: PMC6471604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are large O-glycoproteins with high carbohydrate content and marked diversity in both the apoprotein and the oligosaccharide moieties. All three mucin types, trans-membrane (e.g., MUC1, MUC4, MUC16), secreted (gel-forming) (e.g., MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6) and soluble (non-gel-forming) (e.g., MUC7, MUC8, MUC9, MUC20), are critical in maintaining cellular functions, particularly those of epithelial surfaces. Their aberrant expression and/or altered subcellular localization is a factor of tumour growth and apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and several anti-cancer agents. Abnormal expression of mucins was observed in human carcinomas that arise in various gastrointestinal organs. It was widely believed that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) does not produce mucins, whereas cholangiocarcinoma (CC) or combined HCC-CC may produce these glycoproteins. However, a growing number of reports shows that mucins can be produced by HCC cells that do not exhibit or are yet to undergo, morphological differentiation to biliary phenotypes. Evaluation of mucin expression levels in precursors and early lesions of CC, as well as other types of primary liver cancer (PLC), conducted in in vitro and in vivo models, allowed to discover the mechanisms of their action, as well as their participation in the most important signalling pathways of liver cystogenesis and carcinogenesis. Analysis of mucin expression in PLC has both basic research and clinical value. Mucins may act as oncogenes and tumour-promoting (e.g., MUC1, MUC13), and/or tumour-suppressing factors (e.g., MUC15). Given their role in promoting PLC progression, both classic (MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC6) and currently tested mucins (e.g., MUC13, MUC15, MUC16) have been proposed to be important diagnostic and prognostic markers. The purpose of this review was to summarize and update the role of classic and currently tested mucins in pathogenesis of PLC, with explaining the mechanisms of their action in HCC carcinogenesis. It also focuses on determination of the diagnostic and prognostic role of these glycoproteins in PLC, especially focusing on HCC, CC and other hepatic tumours with- and without biliary differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecicki Street 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Adamek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, University of Medical Sciences, Szwajcarska Street 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Song CH, Kim N, Sohn SH, Lee SM, Nam RH, Na HY, Lee DH, Surh YJ. Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Colonic Permeability and Inflammation in an Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mouse Model. Gut Liver 2019; 12:682-693. [PMID: 30400733 PMCID: PMC6254630 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis. This dysfunction is caused by increased permeability and the loss of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether estradiol treatment reduces colonic permeability, tight junction disruption, and inflammation in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colon cancer mouse model. Methods The effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) were evaluated in ICR male mice 4 weeks after AOM/DSS treatment. Histological damage was scored by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the levels of the colonic mucosal cytokine myeloperoxidase (MPO) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate the effects of E2 on intestinal permeability, tight junctions, and inflammation, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the expression levels of mucin 2 (MUC2) and mucin 4 (MUC4) were measured as target genes for intestinal permeability, whereas zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin (OCLN), and claudin 4 (CLDN4) served as target genes for the tight junctions. Results The colitis-mediated induced damage score and MPO activity were reduced by E2 treatment (p<0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier-related molecules (i.e., MUC2, ZO-1, OCLN, and CLDN4) were decreased by AOM/DSS-treatment; furthermore, this inhibition was rescued by E2 supplementation. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammation-related genes (i.e., KLF4, NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2) was increased by AOM/DSS-treatment and ameliorated by E2. Conclusions E2 acts through the estrogen receptor β signaling pathway to elicit anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal barrier by inducing the expression of MUC2 and tight junction molecules and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li C, Liu T, Yin L, Zuo D, Lin Y, Wang L. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of MUC1 expression in colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14659. [PMID: 30817589 PMCID: PMC6831235 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence supports the overexpression of mucin 1 (MUC1) in colorectal cancer (CRC), but the value of elevated MUC1 expression remains controversial. Here, we evaluated the prognostic and clinicopathological value of MUC1 expression in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Wanfang databases, as well as the China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for studies on MUC1 expression and prognosis of CRC through July 20, 2018. The pooled relative risks (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological value of MUC1 expression in CRC. The Revman version 5.3 package and STATA, version 12 were employed for pooled analysis and analysis of publication bias. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 16 published studies. The combined analysis showed that CRC patients with high MUC1 expression had a worse clinical outcome in overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.30-1.75, P <.00001). In addition, high MUC1 expression was associated with higher TNM stage (RR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.17-1.77, P = .0007), greater depth of invasion (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.10-1.53, P = .002), and lymph node metastasis (RR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.20-1.80, P = .0002) of CRC. However, the elevated MUC1 expression was not related to disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival (DFS/RFS) (HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.78-2.89, P = .22), histological grade (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.96-1.38, P = .12), gender (RR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.83-1.08, P = .44), tumor size (RR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.85-1.44, P = .44), tumor site (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.88-1.16, P = .84), or mucinous component (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.60-1.14, P = .24) in CRC. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that high MUC1 expression represents a marker of poor prognosis in CRC. Meanwhile, elevated MUC1 expression was associated with advanced TNM stage, greater depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | - Libin Yin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | - Didi Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyang Lin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li Z, Feizi T. The neoglycolipid (NGL) technology-based microarrays and future prospects. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3976-3991. [PMID: 30074246 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The neoglycolipid (NGL) technology is the basis of a state-of-the-art oligosaccharide microarray system, which we offer for screening analyses to the broad scientific community. We review here the sequential development of the technology and its power in pinpointing and isolating naturally occurring ligands for glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) within glycan populations. We highlight our Designer Array approach and Beam Search Array approach for generating natural glycome arrays to identify novel ligands of biological relevance. These two microarray approaches have been applied for assignments of ligands or antigens on glucan polysaccharides for effector proteins of the immune system (Dectin-1, DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR) and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) on bacterial hydrolases. We also discuss here the more recent applications to elucidate the structure of a prostate cancer- associated antigen F77 and identify ligands for adhesins of two rotaviruses, P[10] and P[19], expressed on an epithelial mucin glycoprotein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Corfield AP. The Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with the Mucus Barrier in Health and Disease in Human. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030078. [PMID: 30072673 PMCID: PMC6163557 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are major players in the mucus protective barrier in the gastrointestinal and other mucosal surfaces. In particular the mucus glycoproteins, or mucins, are responsible for the protective gel barrier. They are characterized by their high carbohydrate content, present in their variable number, tandem repeat domains. Throughout evolution the mucins have been maintained as integral components of the mucosal barrier, emphasizing their essential biological status. The glycosylation of the mucins is achieved through a series of biosynthetic pathways processes, which generate the wide range of glycans found in these molecules. Thus mucins are decorated with molecules having information in the form of a glycocode. The enteric microbiota interacts with the mucosal mucus barrier in a variety of ways in order to fulfill its many normal processes. How bacteria read the glycocode and link to normal and pathological processes is outlined in the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ponziani FR, Zocco MA, Cerrito L, Gasbarrini A, Pompili M. Bacterial translocation in patients with liver cirrhosis: physiology, clinical consequences, and practical implications. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:641-656. [PMID: 29806487 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1481747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut liver axis is an operative unit that works to protect the human body against potentially harmful substances and microorganisms, maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system. Liver cirrhosis profoundly alters this complex system. The intestine becomes more permeable allowing the translocation of bacteria, bacterial products and fragments into the portal circulation, triggering an abnormal local and systemic inflammatory response and a condition of perpetual immunologic alarm. This immune-inflammatory disorder related to dysbiosis is involved in the development of liver damage and liver cirrhosis complications and increases intestinal permeability in a vicious circle. Areas covered: The most relevant studies on bacterial translocation, the mechanism of intestinal barrier dysfunction and its consequences in patients with liver cirrhosis have been revised through a PubMed search. Data have been discussed with particular regard to their significance in clinical practice. Expert commentary: The assessment of bacterial translocation and intestinal permeability is not currently used in clinical practice but may be useful to stratify patients' prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Ponziani
- a Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Fondazione Agostino Gemelli Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- a Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Fondazione Agostino Gemelli Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Lucia Cerrito
- a Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Fondazione Agostino Gemelli Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- a Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Fondazione Agostino Gemelli Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- a Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Fondazione Agostino Gemelli Hospital , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Prognostic Value of MUC2 Expression in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:6986870. [PMID: 29967641 PMCID: PMC6008766 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6986870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The reliability of MUC2 as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer (CRC) is controversial. This study evaluated the association between MUC2 expression levels in CRC tissues and prognosis. Methods The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc), Wanfang Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched to identify studies exploring the relationship between MUC2 expression in CRC tissues and overall survival (OS). Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the associations between MUC2 expression levels and prognosis and MUC2 expression levels and CRC clinicopathological characteristics, respectively. Results The meta-analysis included 11 studies (2619 patients). Low MUC2 expression level was significantly associated with poor OS (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.43–1.94; P < 0.00001) and disease-free survival (DFS)/recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.21–2.12; P = 0.001) in patients with CRC. Low MUC2 expression level was associated with advanced TNM stage (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.26–1.60; P < 0.00001), lymph node metastasis (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.25–1.60; P < 0.00001), lymphatic invasion (RR,1.64; 95% CI, 1.26–2.12; P = 0.0002), rectal tumor site (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09–1.46; P = 0.001), and large tumor size (RR,1.32; 95% CI, 1.02–1.70; P = 0.03). There were no associations between low MUC2 expression level and gender, histological grade, depth of invasion, and distant metastasis. Conclusion The low levels of MUC2 in CRC tissues are poor prognostic factor independent of stage or other well-recognized markers of later-stage disease. Large well-designed cohort studies are required to validate MUC2 as a biomarker for poor prognosis in CRC.
Collapse
|
46
|
Nikolouzakis TK, Vassilopoulou L, Fragkiadaki P, Sapsakos TM, Papadakis GZ, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Tsiaoussis J. Improving diagnosis, prognosis and prediction by using biomarkers in CRC patients (Review). Oncol Rep 2018; 39:2455-2472. [PMID: 29565457 PMCID: PMC5983921 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common cancers. In fact, it is placed in the third place among the most diagnosed cancer in men, after lung and prostate cancer, and in the second one for the most diagnosed cancer in women, following breast cancer. Moreover, its high mortality rates classifies it among the leading causes of cancer‑related death worldwide. Thus, in order to help clinicians to optimize their practice, it is crucial to introduce more effective tools that will improve not only early diagnosis, but also prediction of the most likely progression of the disease and response to chemotherapy. In that way, they will be able to decrease both morbidity and mortality of their patients. In accordance with that, colon cancer research has described numerous biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive purposes that either alone or as part of a panel would help improve patient's clinical management. This review aims to describe the most accepted biomarkers among those proposed for use in CRC divided based on the clinical specimen that is examined (tissue, faeces or blood) along with their restrictions. Lastly, new insight in CRC monitoring will be discussed presenting promising emerging biomarkers (telomerase activity, telomere length and micronuclei frequency).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Loukia Vassilopoulou
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Theodoros Mariolis Sapsakos
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Histology, Nursing School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Z. Papadakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Computer Sciences (ICS), Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristides M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang F, Zuo Z, Chen K, Gao C, Yang Z, Zhao S, Li J, Song H, Peng X, Fang J, Cui H, Ouyang P, Zhou Y, Shu G, Jing B. Histopathological Injuries, Ultrastructural Changes, and Depressed TLR Expression in the Small Intestine of Broiler Chickens with Aflatoxin B₁. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040131. [PMID: 29561786 PMCID: PMC5923297 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore AFB₁-induced damage of the small intestine, the changes in structure and expression of TLRs (Toll-like Receptors) in the small intestine of chickens were systematically investigated. Ninety healthy neonatal Cobb chickens were randomized into a control group (0 mg/kg AFB₁) and an AFB₁ group (0.6 mg/kg AFB₁). The crypt depth of the small intestine in the AFB₁ group was significantly increased in comparison to the control chickens, while the villus height and area were evidently decreased, as well as the villus:crypt ratio and epithelial thickness. The histopathological observations showed that the villi of the small intestine exposed to AFB₁ were obviously shedding. Based on ultrastructural observation, the absorptive cells of small intestine in the AFB₁ group exhibited fewer microvilli, mitochondrial vacuolation and the disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, and junctional complexes as well as terminal web. Moreover, the number of goblet cells in the small intestine in the AFB₁ group significantly decreased. Also, AFB₁ evidently decreased the mRNA expression of TLR2-2, TLR4, and TLR7 in the small intestine. Taken together, our study indicated that dietary 0.6 mg/kg AFB₁ could induce histopathological injuries and ultrastructural changes, and depress levels of TLR mRNA in the chicken small intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Kejie Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Caixia Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhuangzhi Yang
- Animal Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Song Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jianzhen Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Hetao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xi Peng
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Life Science Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Gang Shu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Bo Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kok DEG, Rusli F, van der Lugt B, Lute C, Laghi L, Salvioli S, Picone G, Franceschi C, Smidt H, Vervoort J, Kampman E, Müller M, Steegenga WT. Lifelong calorie restriction affects indicators of colonic health in aging C57Bl/6J mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:152-164. [PMID: 29571009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diminished colonic health is associated with various age-related pathologies. Calorie restriction (CR) is an effective strategy to increase healthy lifespan, although underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, we report the effects of lifelong CR on indicators of colonic health in aging C57Bl/6J mice. Compared to an ad libitum control and moderate-fat diet, 30% energy reduction was associated with attenuated immune- and inflammation-related gene expression in the colon. Furthermore, expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was higher upon CR, which may point towards efficient regulation of energy metabolism. The relative abundance of bacteria considered beneficial to colonic health, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, increased in the mice exposed to CR for 28 months as compared to the other diet groups. We found lower plasma levels of interleukin-6 and lower levels of various metabolites, among which are bile acids, in the colonic luminal content of CR-exposed mice as compared to the other diet groups. Switching from CR to an ad libitum moderate-fat diet at old age (24 months) revealed remarkable phenotypic plasticity in terms of gene expression, microbiota composition and metabolite levels, although expression of a subset of genes remained CR-associated. This study demonstrated in a comprehensive way that CR affects indicators of colonic health in aging mice. Our findings provide unique leads for further studies that need to address optimal and feasible strategies for prolonged energy deprivation, which may contribute to healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje E G Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Fenni Rusli
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Benthe van der Lugt
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Carolien Lute
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Luca Laghi
- Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, 47521, Cesena, (FC), Italy.
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Picone
- Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, 47521, Cesena, (FC), Italy.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Michael Müller
- Nutrigenomics and Systems Nutrition Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UQ, Norwich, UK.
| | - Wilma T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Eom T, Kim YS, Choi CH, Sadowsky MJ, Unno T. Current understanding of microbiota- and dietary-therapies for treating inflammatory bowel disease. J Microbiol 2018; 56:189-198. [PMID: 29492876 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a result of chronic inflammation caused, in some part, by dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, mainly commensal bacteria. Gut dysbiosis can be caused by multiple factors, including abnormal immune responses which might be related to genetic susceptibility, infection, western dietary habits, and administration of antibiotics. Consequently, the disease itself is characterized as having multiple causes, etiologies, and severities. Recent studies have identified >200 IBD risk loci in the host. It has been postulated that gut microbiota interact with these risk loci resulting in dysbiosis, and this subsequently leads to the development of IBD. Typical gut microbiota in IBD patients are characterized with decrease in species richness and many of the commensal, and beneficial, fecal bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and an increase or bloom of Proteobacteria. However, at this time, cause and effect relationships have not been rigorously established. While treatments of IBD usually includes medications such as corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylates, antibiotics, immunomodulators, and anti-TNF agents, restoration of gut dysbiosis seems to be a safer and more sustainable approach. Bacteriotherapies (now called microbiota therapies) and dietary interventions are effective way to modulate gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize factors involved in IBD and studies attempted to treat IBD with probiotics. We also discuss the potential use of microbiota therapies as one promising approach in treating IBD. As therapies based on the modulation of gut microbiota becomes more common, future studies should include individual gut microbiota differences to develop personalized therapy for IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taekil Eom
- Subtropical/tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wonkwang Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, 15865, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Subtropical/tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of life sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bowatte G, Tham R, Perret JL, Bloom MS, Dong G, Waidyatillake N, Bui D, Morgan GG, Jalaludin B, Lodge CJ, Dharmage SC. Air Pollution and Otitis Media in Children: A Systematic Review of Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E257. [PMID: 29401661 PMCID: PMC5858326 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Young children are particularly vulnerable to otitis media (OM) which globally affects over 80% of children below the age of 3 years. Although there is convincing evidence for an association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and OM in children, the relationship with ambient air pollution is not clear. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the relationship between ambient air pollution exposure and OM in children. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE databases. Of 934 references identified, 24 articles were included. There is an increasing body of evidence supporting an association between higher ambient air pollution exposure and a higher risk of OM in children. While NO₂ showed the most consistent association with OM, other specific pollutants showed inconsistent associations. Studies were mainly conducted in high/middle income countries with limited evidence from low-income countries. Although there was a general consensus that higher air pollution exposure is associated with a greater prevalence of OM, the evidence for associations with specific pollutants is inconsistent. More well-designed studies on associations between specific air pollutants as risk factors for OM are warranted, especially in low income countries with high air pollution levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayan Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Rachel Tham
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jennifer L Perret
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Nilakshi Waidyatillake
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Dinh Bui
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey G Morgan
- University Centre for Rural Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- Healthy People and Places Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|