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Russo GC, Crawford AJ, Clark D, Cui J, Carney R, Karl MN, Su B, Starich B, Lih TS, Kamat P, Zhang Q, Nair PR, Wu PH, Lee MH, Leong HS, Zhang H, Rebecca VW, Wirtz D. E-cadherin interacts with EGFR resulting in hyper-activation of ERK in multiple models of breast cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:1445-1462. [PMID: 38509231 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The loss of intercellular adhesion molecule E-cadherin is a hallmark of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), during which tumor cells transition into an invasive phenotype. Accordingly, E-cadherin has long been considered a tumor suppressor gene; however, E-cadherin expression is paradoxically correlated with breast cancer survival rates. Using novel multi-compartment organoids and multiple in vivo models, we show that E-cadherin promotes a hyper-proliferative phenotype in breast cancer cells via interaction with the transmembrane receptor EGFR. The E-cad and EGFR interaction results in activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, leading to a significant increase in proliferation via activation of transcription factors, including c-Fos. Pharmacological inhibition of MEK activity in E-cadherin positive breast cancer significantly decreases both tumor growth and macro-metastasis in vivo. This work provides evidence for a novel role of E-cadherin in breast tumor progression and identifies a new target to treat hyper-proliferative E-cadherin-positive breast tumors, thus providing the foundation to utilize E-cadherin as a biomarker for specific therapeutic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella C Russo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ashleigh J Crawford
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - David Clark
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Julie Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ryan Carney
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Michelle N Karl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Boyang Su
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bartholomew Starich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Tung-Shing Lih
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Pratik Kamat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Praful R Nair
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Meng-Horng Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Hon S Leong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Vito W Rebecca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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2
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Weidle UH, Birzele F. Deregulated circRNAs in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer With Activity in Preclinical In Vivo Models: Identification of Targets and New Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2024; 21:213-237. [PMID: 38670587 PMCID: PMC11059596 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is associated with a dismal prognosis due to development of resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis in the peritoneal cavity and distant organs. In order to identify new targets and treatment modalities we searched the literature for up- and and down-regulated circRNAs with efficacy in preclinical EOC-related in vivo systems. Our search yielded circRNAs falling into the following categories: cisplatin and paclitaxel resistance, transmembrane receptors, secreted factors, transcription factors, RNA splicing and processing factors, RAS pathway-related components, proteolysis and cell-cycle regulation, signaling-related proteins, and circRNAs regulating proteins in additional categories. These findings can be potentially translated by validation and manipulation of the corresponding targets, inhibition of circRNAs with antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or by reconstituting their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany;
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Celli L, Gasparini P, Biino G, Zannini L, Cardano M. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated Y-chromosome elimination affects human cells transcriptome. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:15. [PMID: 38291538 PMCID: PMC10829266 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dimorphism represents a key concept in the comprehension of molecular processes guiding several sex-specific physiological and pathological mechanisms. It has been reported that genes involved in many disorders show a sex-dependent expression pattern. Moreover, the loss of Y chromosome (LOY), found to be a physiological age-driven phenomenon, has been linked to many neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders, and to an increased cancer risk. These findings drove us towards the consideration that LOY may cause the de-regulation of disease specific networks, involving genes located in both autosomal and sex chromosomes. RESULTS Exploiting the CRISPR/Cas9 and RNA-sequencing technologies, we generated a Y-deficient human cell line that has been investigated for its gene expression profile. Our results showed that LOY can influence the transcriptome displaying relevant enriched biological processes, such as cell migration regulation, angiogenesis and immune response. Interestingly, the ovarian follicle development pathway was found enriched, supporting the female-mimicking profile of male Y-depleted cells. CONCLUSION This study, besides proposing a novel approach to investigate sex-biased physiological and pathological conditions, highlights new roles for the Y chromosome in the sexual dimorphism characterizing human health and diseases. Moreover, this analysis paves the way for the research of new therapeutic approaches for sex dimorphic and LOY-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Celli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", CNR, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054, Segrate, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gasparini
- Epigenomic and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", CNR, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Zannini
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", CNR, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Miriana Cardano
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", CNR, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Tuo H, Li X, Du H, Li M, Xu C, Yu Z, Zhao H. FOLR1-stabilized β-catenin promotes laryngeal carcinoma progression through EGFR/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:34-44. [PMID: 37702010 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) is overexpressed in numerous epithelial malignancies; however, its role in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that FOLR1 messenger RNA and protein expression levels were higher in LSCC tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. Additionally, FOLR1 promoted the proliferation and migration of LSCC cells, whereas small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of β-catenin abolished these effects. Moreover, FOLR1 stabilizes β-catenin by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, blocking the interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the EGFR/AKT/glycogen synthase (GSK)3β signaling axis both abolished FOLR1's effects on the expression and nuclear aggregation of β-catenin. In summary, our work reveals a novel mode in which FOLR1 promotes the proliferation and migration of LSCC by enhancing the stability and nuclear translocation of β-catenin through the EGFR/AKT/GSK3β axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Tuo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haixia Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chenli Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zizhong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Huzi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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5
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Xiao J, Song Y, Gao R, You M, Deng C, Tan G, Li W. Changes of immune microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in 3D-4-culture compared to 2D-4-culture. J Transl Med 2023; 21:771. [PMID: 37907991 PMCID: PMC10617167 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system plays a crucial role in initiating, progressing, and disseminating HNSCC. This study aims to investigate the differences in immune microenvironments between 2D-4-culture and 3D-4-culture models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells (FaDu), human fibroblasts (HF), human monocytes (THP-1), and human endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS For the 3D-4-culture model, FaDu:HF:THP-1 (2:1:1) were inoculated in an ultra-low attachment culture plate, while HUVECs were placed in a transwell chamber. The ordinary culture plate was used for the 2D-4-culture model. Tumor-associated macrophage markers (CD163), tumor-associated fibroblast markers (FAP), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were detected by western blot. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-2, CXCL 10, IL-1 β, TNF-α, CCL 2, IL-17 A, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-12 p 70, CXCL 8, TGFβ1) in the supernatant were measured by flow cytometry. HUVEC migration was observed under a microscope. The 3D spheres were stained and observed with a confocal microscope. CCK8 assay was used to detect the resistance of mixed cells to cisplatin in both 2D-4-culture and 3D-4-culture. RESULTS After three days of co-culture, the 3D-4-culture model showed increased expression levels of CD163 and FAP proteins (both P < 0.001), increased expression of E-cadherin protein and N-cadherin protein expression (P < 0.001), decreased expression of vimentin (P < 0.01) and Twist protein (P < 0.001). HUVEC migration significantly increased (P < 0.001), as did the concentrations of IP-10, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 (all P < 0.001). Confocal microscopy showed that 3D-4-culture formed loose cell clusters on day 1, which gradually became a dense sphere surrounded by FaDu cells invading the inside. After co-culturing for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, the resistance of mix cells to cisplatin in 3D-4-culture was significantly higher than in 2D-4-culture (P < 0.01 for all). CONCLUSION Compared to 2D-4-culture, 3D-4-culture better simulates the in vivo immune microenvironment of HNSCC by promoting fibroblast transformation into tumor-associated fibroblasts, monocyte transformation into tumor-associated macrophages, enhancing endothelial cell migration ability, partial EMT formation in HNSCC cells, and is more suitable for studying the immunosuppressive microenvironment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yexun Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ru Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Mingyang You
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Changxin Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Guolin Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Winge MCG, Kellman LN, Guo K, Tang JY, Swetter SM, Aasi SZ, Sarin KY, Chang ALS, Khavari PA. Advances in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5. [PMID: 37286893 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human malignancies arise predominantly in tissues of epithelial origin, where the stepwise transformation from healthy epithelium to premalignant dysplasia to invasive neoplasia involves sequential dysregulation of biological networks that govern essential functions of epithelial homeostasis. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prototype epithelial malignancy, often with a high tumour mutational burden. A plethora of risk genes, dominated by UV-induced sun damage, drive disease progression in conjunction with stromal interactions and local immunomodulation, enabling continuous tumour growth. Recent studies have identified subpopulations of SCC cells that specifically interact with the tumour microenvironment. These advances, along with increased knowledge of the impact of germline genetics and somatic mutations on cSCC development, have led to a greater appreciation of the complexity of skin cancer pathogenesis and have enabled progress in neoadjuvant immunotherapy, which has improved pathological complete response rates. Although measures for the prevention and therapeutic management of cSCC are associated with clinical benefit, the prognosis remains poor for advanced disease. Elucidating how the genetic mechanisms that drive cSCC interact with the tumour microenvironment is a current focus in efforts to understand, prevent and treat cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten C G Winge
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Laura N Kellman
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Konnie Guo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sumaira Z Aasi
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Anne Lynn S Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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7
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Kingsley C, Kourtidis A. Critical roles of adherens junctions in diseases of the oral mucosa. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2084320. [PMID: 35659464 PMCID: PMC10161952 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2084320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is directly exposed to a variety of environmental stimuli and contains a diverse microbiome that continuously interacts with the oral epithelium. Therefore, establishment and maintenance of the barrier function of the oral mucosa is of paramount importance for its function and for the body's overall health. The adherens junction is a cell-cell adhesion complex that is essential for epithelial barrier function. Although a considerable body of work has associated barrier disruption with oral diseases, the molecular underpinnings of these associations have not been equally investigated. This is critical, since adherens junction components also possess significant signaling roles in the cell, in addition to their architectural ones. Here, we summarize current knowledge involving adherens junction components in oral pathologies, such as cancer and oral pathogen-related diseases, while we also discuss gaps in the knowledge and opportunities for future investigation of the relationship between adherens junctions and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kingsley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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8
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Zhang L, Fan S, Vera J, Lai X. A network medicine approach for identifying diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and exploring drug repurposing in human cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:34-45. [PMID: 36514340 PMCID: PMC9732137 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease mainly driven by abnormal gene perturbations in regulatory networks. Therefore, it is appealing to identify the common and specific perturbed genes from multiple cancer networks. We developed an integrative network medicine approach to identify novel biomarkers and investigate drug repurposing across cancer types. We used a network-based method to prioritize genes in cancer-specific networks reconstructed using human transcriptome and interactome data. The prioritized genes show extensive perturbation and strong regulatory interaction with other highly perturbed genes, suggesting their vital contribution to tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and are therefore regarded as cancer genes. The cancer genes detected show remarkable performances in discriminating tumors from normal tissues and predicting survival times of cancer patients. Finally, we developed a network proximity approach to systematically screen drugs and identified dozens of candidates with repurposable potential in several cancer types. Taken together, we demonstrated the power of the network medicine approach to identify novel biomarkers and repurposable drugs in multiple cancer types. We have also made the data and code freely accessible to ensure reproducibility and reusability of the developed computational workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiwei Fan
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xin Lai
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Corresponding author at: Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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9
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Maker A, Bolejack M, Schecterson L, Hammerson B, Abendroth J, Edwards TE, Staker B, Myler PJ, Gumbiner BM. Regulation of multiple dimeric states of E-cadherin by adhesion activating antibodies revealed through Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac163. [PMID: 36157596 PMCID: PMC9491697 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin adhesion is regulated at the cell surface, a process that can be replicated by activating antibodies. We use cryo-electron microscopy (EM) and X-ray crystallography to examine functional states of the cadherin adhesive dimer. This dimer is mediated by N-terminal beta strand-swapping involving Trp2, and forms via a different transient X-dimer intermediate. X-dimers are observed in cryo-EM along with monomers and strand-swap dimers, indicating that X-dimers form stable interactions. A novel EC4-mediated dimer was also observed. Activating Fab binding caused no gross structural changes in E-cadherin monomers, but can facilitate strand swapping. Moreover, activating Fab binding is incompatible with the formation of the X-dimer. Both cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography reveal a distinctive twisted strand-swap dimer conformation caused by an outward shift in the N-terminal beta strand that may represent a strengthened state. Thus, regulation of adhesion involves changes in cadherin dimer configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Maker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, USA,Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, USA
| | - Madison Bolejack
- UCB Pharma, Bainbridge, WA, USA,Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, USA
| | - Leslayann Schecterson
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, USA
| | - Brad Hammerson
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, USA,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, USA
| | - Jan Abendroth
- UCB Pharma, Bainbridge, WA, USA,Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, USA
| | - Thomas E Edwards
- UCB Pharma, Bainbridge, WA, USA,Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, USA
| | - Bart Staker
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, USA,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, USA
| | - Peter J Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, USA,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, USA,Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, USA
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10
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Gerber TS, Goeppert B, Hausen A, Witzel HR, Bartsch F, Schindeldecker M, Gröger LK, Ridder DA, Cahyadi O, Esposito I, Gaida MM, Schirmacher P, Galle PR, Lang H, Roth W, Straub BK. N-Cadherin Distinguishes Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma from Liver Metastases of Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133091. [PMID: 35804866 PMCID: PMC9264797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinomas of the pancreatobiliary system confer an especially unfavorable prognosis. The differential diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and its subtypes versus liver metastasis of ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PDAC) is clinically important to allow the best possible therapy. We could previously show that E-cadherin and N-cadherin, transmembrane glycoproteins of adherens junctions, are characteristic features of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. We therefore analyzed E-cadherin and N-cadherin in the embryonally related epithelia of the bile duct and pancreas, as well as in 312 iCCAs, 513 carcinomas of the extrahepatic bile ducts, 228 gallbladder carcinomas, 131 PDACs, and precursor lesions, with immunohistochemistry combined with image analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and immunoblots. In the physiological liver, N-cadherin colocalizes with E-cadherin in small intrahepatic bile ducts, whereas larger bile ducts and pancreatic ducts are positive for E-cadherin but contain decreasing amounts of N-cadherin. N-cadherin was highly expressed in most iCCAs, whereas in PDACs, N-cadherin was negative or only faintly expressed. E- and N-cadherin expression in tumors of the pancreaticobiliary tract recapitulate their expression in their normal tissue counterparts. N-cadherin is a helpful marker for the differential diagnosis between iCCA and PDAC, with a specificity of 96% and a sensitivity of 67% for small duct iCCAs and 50% for large duct iCCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemo S. Gerber
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (A.H.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (D.A.R.); (M.M.G.); (W.R.)
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, RKH Klinikum Ludwigsburg, 71640 Ludwigsburg, Germany; (B.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Anne Hausen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (A.H.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (D.A.R.); (M.M.G.); (W.R.)
| | - Hagen R. Witzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (A.H.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (D.A.R.); (M.M.G.); (W.R.)
| | - Fabian Bartsch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (F.B.); (L.-K.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Mario Schindeldecker
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (A.H.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (D.A.R.); (M.M.G.); (W.R.)
- Tissue Biobank, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa-Katharina Gröger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (F.B.); (L.-K.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Dirk A. Ridder
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (A.H.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (D.A.R.); (M.M.G.); (W.R.)
| | - Oscar Cahyadi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Matthias M. Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (A.H.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (D.A.R.); (M.M.G.); (W.R.)
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, RKH Klinikum Ludwigsburg, 71640 Ludwigsburg, Germany; (B.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Peter R. Galle
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (F.B.); (L.-K.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (A.H.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (D.A.R.); (M.M.G.); (W.R.)
| | - Beate K. Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.S.G.); (A.H.); (H.R.W.); (M.S.); (D.A.R.); (M.M.G.); (W.R.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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E-cadherin Expression in Canine Gastric Carcinomas: Association with Clinicopathological Parameters. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040172. [PMID: 35448670 PMCID: PMC9027758 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin (E-cad) is a cell-adhesion molecule known for its tumor-invasion suppressor function. E-cad expression was examined immunohistochemically in a series of canine tissue samples, including normal gastric mucosa (NGM; n = 3), gastric carcinomas (GC; n = 33), adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa (NNM; n = 32), neoplastic emboli (n = 16) and metastatic lesions (n = 9). The relationship between E-cad expression and clinicopathological features were investigated. In NGM, epithelial cells showed strong latero-lateral membranous expression of E-cad, and this pattern was considered normal. The membranous staining was preserved in all specimens of NNM (100%), whereas abnormal E-cad expression was found in 87.9% of the GCs. A marked difference in E-cad expression was observed between normal and malignant tissues (p < 0.0002). Abnormal E-cad expression was significantly more frequent in poorly/undifferentiated carcinomas (96%) and diffuse (95%) and indeterminate carcinomas (100%) than in well-differentiated/intestinal ones (62.5%; p = 0.0115 and p = 0.0392, respectively). There was significant association between abnormal E-cad expression and the depth of invasion (p = 0.0117), and the presence neoplastic emboli (p = 0.0194). No statistically significant differences in E-cad expression were observed concerning tumor location, histological type according to WHO classification, and presence of metastatic lesions. Therefore, deregulation of E-cad expression may play a role in canine gastric carcinogenesis and in tumor progression; moreover, it might be a prognostic tool for canine gastric cancer.
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12
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Fu C, Arora A, Engl W, Sheetz M, Viasnoff V. Cooperative regulation of adherens junction expansion through Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activation. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274477. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms controlling the dynamics of expansion of adherens junctions are significantly less understood than those controlling their static properties. Here, we report that for suspended cell aggregates, the time to form a new junction between two cells speeds up with the number of junctions that the cells are already engaged in. Upon junction formation, the activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) distally affects the actin turnover dynamics of the cell-free cortex. The “primed” actin cortex results in a faster expansion of the subsequent new junctions. In such aggregates, we show that this mechanism results in a cooperative acceleration of the junction expansion dynamics (kinetype) but leaves the cell contractility, and hence the final junction size (phenotype), unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Fu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aditya Arora
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wilfried Engl
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- CNRS Biomechanics of Cell Contacts, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Ma B, Shao H, Jiang X, Wang Z, Wu C(C, Whaley D, Wells A. Akt isoforms differentially provide for chemoresistance in prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0747. [PMID: 34591413 PMCID: PMC9196054 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early prostate cancer micrometastatic foci undergo a mesenchymal to epithelial reverting transition, not only aiding seeding and colonization, but also rendering the tumor cells generally chemoresistant. We previously found that upregulated E-cadherin in the epithelial micrometastases activated canonical survival pathways, including PI3K-Akt, that protected the tumor cells from death; however, the extent of protection from blocking the pathway in its entirety was modest, because different isoforms may have alternately affected cell functioning. Here, we characterized Akt isoform expressions in primary and metastatic prostate cancers, as well as their individual contributions to chemoresistance. METHODS Akt isoforms and E-cadherin were manipulated with drugs, knocked down, and over expressed. Tumor cell killing was determined in vitro and in vivo. Overall survival was calculated from patient records and specimens. RESULTS Pan-Akt inhibition sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapy, and specific blockade of Akt1 or/and Akt2 caused cells to be more chemoresponsive. Overexpression of Akt3 induced apoptosis. A low dose of Akt1 or Akt2 inhibitor enabled standard chemotherapies to significantly eradicate metastatic prostate tumors in a mouse model, acting as chemosensitizers. In human specimens, we found Akt1 and Akt2 positively correlated, whereas Akt3 inversely correlated, with the overall survival of prostate cancer patients. Akt1high/Akt2high/Akt3low tumors had the worst outcomes. CONCLUSIONS E-cadherin-induced activation of Akt1/2 isoforms was the essential mechanism of chemoresistance, whereas Akt3 made cells more fragile. These findings emphasized the need to target Akt1/2, rather than pan-Akt, as a rational therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hanshuang Shao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Chuanyue (Cary) Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Diana Whaley
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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14
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Investigation of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Process in Equine Papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2)-Positive Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910588. [PMID: 34638929 PMCID: PMC8508821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine penile squamous cell carcinoma (epSCC) is the most frequent tumor of the external male genitalia, representing 67.5% of equine genital cancers. epSCC is associated with papilloma virus (PV) infection and has been recently proposed as a model for human PV-induced squamous cell carcinomas. It has already been suggested that epSCC might undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This work aims to investigate in detail this process and the possible role of PV oncoproteins in epSCC. For this purpose, 18 penile SCCs were retrospectively selected and tested for both EcPV2 presence and oncoproteins (EcPV2 E6 and EcPV2 E7) expression. Moreover, immunohistochemical EMT characterization was carried out by analyzing the main epithelial markers (E-cadherin, β-catenin, and pan-cytokeratin AE3/AE1), the main mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin), and the main EMT-related transcription factors (TWIST-1, ZEB-1). PCR analysis was positive for EcPV2 in 16 out of 18 samples. EMT was investigated in epSCC positive for EcPV2. The immunohistochemistry results suggested the presence of EMT processes in the neoplastic cells at the tumor invasive front. Moreover, the significant upregulation of RANKL, together with BCATN1, LEF1, and FOSL1 genes, might suggest a canonical Wnt pathway activation, similarly to what is reported in human penile squamous cell carcinomas
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15
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Noronha C, Ribeiro AS, Taipa R, Castro DS, Reis J, Faria C, Paredes J. Cadherin Expression and EMT: A Focus on Gliomas. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101328. [PMID: 34680444 PMCID: PMC8533397 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are calcium-binding proteins with a pivotal role in cell adhesion and tissue homeostasis. The cadherin-dependent mechanisms of cell adhesion and migration are exploited by cancer cells, contributing to tumor invasiveness and dissemination. In particular, cadherin switch is a hallmark of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a complex development process vastly described in the progression of most epithelial cancers. This is characterized by drastic changes in cell polarity, adhesion, and motility, which lead from an E-cadherin positive differentiated epithelial state into a dedifferentiated mesenchymal-like state, prone to metastization and defined by N-cadherin expression. Although vastly explored in epithelial cancers, how these mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of other non-epithelial tumor types is poorly understood. Herein, the current knowledge on cadherin expression in normal development in parallel to tumor pathogenesis is reviewed, focusing on epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Emphasis is taken in the unascertained cadherin expression in CNS tumors, particularly in gliomas, where the potential contribution of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like process to glioma genesis and how this may be associated with changes in cadherin expression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Noronha
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal; (C.N.); (J.R.)
- Cancer Metastasis Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Cancer Metastasis Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo Taipa
- Neuropathology Unit, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo S. Castro
- Stem Cells & Neurogenesis Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joaquim Reis
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal; (C.N.); (J.R.)
- Anatomy Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Faria
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
- IMM—Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Cancer Metastasis Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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16
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Blanc V, Riordan JD, Soleymanjahi S, Nadeau JH, Nalbantoglu ILK, Xie Y, Molitor EA, Madison BB, Brunt EM, Mills JC, Rubin DC, Ng IO, Ha Y, Roberts LR, Davidson NO. Apobec1 complementation factor overexpression promotes hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular cancer. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:138699. [PMID: 33445170 DOI: 10.1172/jci138699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Apobec1 complementation factor (A1CF) regulates posttranscriptional ApoB mRNA editing, but the range of RNA targets and the long-term effect of altered A1CF expression on liver function are unknown. Here we studied hepatocyte-specific A1cf-transgenic (A1cf+/Tg), A1cf+/Tg Apobec1-/-, and A1cf-/- mice fed chow or high-fat/high-fructose diets using RNA-Seq, RNA CLIP-Seq, and tissue microarrays from human hepatocellular cancer (HCC). A1cf+/Tg mice exhibited increased hepatic proliferation and steatosis, with increased lipogenic gene expression (Mogat1, Mogat2, Cidea, Cd36) associated with shifts in polysomal RNA distribution. Aged A1cf+/Tg mice developed spontaneous fibrosis, dysplasia, and HCC, and this development was accelerated on a high-fat/high-fructose diet and was independent of Apobec1. RNA-Seq revealed increased expression of mRNAs involved in oxidative stress (Gstm3, Gpx3, Cbr3), inflammatory response (Il19, Cxcl14, Tnfα, Ly6c), extracellular matrix organization (Mmp2, Col1a1, Col4a1), and proliferation (Kif20a, Mcm2, Mcm4, Mcm6), and a subset of mRNAs (including Sox4, Sox9, Cdh1) were identified in RNA CLIP-Seq. Increased A1CF expression in human HCC correlated with advanced fibrosis and with reduced survival in a subset with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In conclusion, we show that hepatic A1CF overexpression selectively alters polysomal distribution and mRNA expression, promoting lipogenic, proliferative, and inflammatory pathways leading to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Blanc
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jesse D Riordan
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Saeed Soleymanjahi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph H Nadeau
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - ILKe Nalbantoglu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Molitor
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Blair B Madison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Brunt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deborah C Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Irene O Ng
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yeonjung Ha
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Targeting Lipocalin-2 in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells with Small Interference RNA and Small Molecule Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168581. [PMID: 34445288 PMCID: PMC8395282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of invasive breast cancer, highly metastatic, representing 2–4% of all breast cancer cases in the United States. Despite its rare nature, IBC is responsible for 7–10% of all breast cancer deaths, with a 5-year survival rate of 40%. Thus, targeted and effective therapies against IBC are needed. Here, we proposed Lipocalin-2 (LCN2)—a secreted glycoprotein aberrantly abundant in different cancers—as a plausible target for IBC. In immunoblotting, we observed higher LCN2 protein levels in IBC cells than non-IBC cells, where the LCN2 levels were almost undetectable. We assessed the biological effects of targeting LCN2 in IBC cells with small interference RNAs (siRNAs) and small molecule inhibitors. siRNA-mediated LCN2 silencing in IBC cells significantly reduced cell proliferation, viability, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, LCN2 silencing promoted apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 to S phase transition. We used in silico analysis with a library of 25,000 compounds to identify potential LCN2 inhibitors, and four out of sixteen selected compounds significantly decreased cell proliferation, cell viability, and the AKT phosphorylation levels in SUM149 cells. Moreover, ectopically expressing LCN2 MCF7 cells, treated with two potential LCN2 inhibitors (ZINC00784494 and ZINC00640089) showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation. Our findings suggest LCN2 as a promising target for IBC treatment using siRNA and small molecule inhibitors.
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Liu C, Barger CJ, Karpf AR. FOXM1: A Multifunctional Oncoprotein and Emerging Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3065. [PMID: 34205406 PMCID: PMC8235333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a member of the conserved forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family. Over the last two decades, FOXM1 has emerged as a multifunctional oncoprotein and a robust biomarker of poor prognosis in many human malignancies. In this review article, we address the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of regulation and oncogenic functions of FOXM1, particularly in the context of ovarian cancer. FOXM1 and its associated oncogenic transcriptional signature are enriched in >85% of ovarian cancer cases and FOXM1 expression and activity can be enhanced by a plethora of genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms. As a master transcriptional regulator, FOXM1 promotes critical oncogenic phenotypes in ovarian cancer, including: (1) cell proliferation, (2) invasion and metastasis, (3) chemotherapy resistance, (4) cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, (5) genomic instability, and (6) altered cellular metabolism. We additionally discuss the evidence for FOXM1 as a cancer biomarker, describe the rationale for FOXM1 as a cancer therapeutic target, and provide an overview of therapeutic strategies used to target FOXM1 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam R. Karpf
- Eppley Institute and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68918-6805, USA; (C.L.); (C.J.B.)
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Danilova NV, Mikhailov IA, Oleynikova NA, Malkov PG. [E-cadherin expression in tumor emboli in gastric cancer]. Arkh Patol 2021; 83:11-19. [PMID: 34041891 DOI: 10.17116/patol20218303111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the level of E-cadherin expression in tumor emboli, to compare it with expression in a tumor, to determine the dependence of E-cadherin expression in tumor emboli on the clinical and morphological characteristics of gastric cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used samples of surgical material from 280 patients with a verified diagnosis of gastric cancer. E-cadherin expression was determined by immunohistochemical method. The results of the reactions were assessed semi-quantitatively and compared with the main clinical and morphological characteristics of gastric cancer (histological type according to the WHO classification 2019, histological type according to the classification of P. Lauren, clinical stage, depth of invasion (T), number of metastases in lymph nodes (N), presence or/absence of distant metastases (M), tumor localization in the stomach). RESULTS Among 280 cases of cancer, emboli were detected only in 67 cases, used for further analysis. The rest of the samples were excluded from the analysis, since emboli did not get into the sections during the cutting of immunohistochemical preparations. The expression of E-cadherin in tumor emboli was significantly higher (p<0.001) than in tumor tissue. At the same time, no cases identified where the level of E-cadherin decreased in emboli compared to the tumor. A significant increase in the expression of E-cadherin in tumor emboli compared to the primary tumor was noted for all histological types according to WHO 2019, for intermediate and diffuse types according to the P. Lauren classification (p<0.001). Comparison of expression in emboli and tumors for neoplasms with different depths of invasion (T), different stages and different localizations did not reveal statistically significant differences. An increase in the expression of E-cadherin in emboli compared to tumors was characterized by a higher level of significance in the presence of metastases (N1, N2, N3a, N3b; p<0.001) than in the absence of metastases (N0; p=0.016). CONCLUSION The study revealed a statistically significant increase in the expression of E-cadherin in tumor emboli compared to the primary tumor, which is evidence of its important role in maintaining the integrity of emboli and tumor dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Danilova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - P G Malkov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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Hardas A, Suárez-Bonnet A, Beck S, Becker WE, Ramírez GA, Priestnall SL. Canine Gastric Carcinomas: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study and Similarities with the Human Counterpart. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051409. [PMID: 34069167 PMCID: PMC8156491 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric carcinoma (GC) continues to be one of the leading causes of death in humans and is the most common neoplasm in the stomachs of dogs. In both species, previous studies have demonstrated that the disease is heterogeneous, with genetic and environmental factors playing a quintessential role in disease pathogenesis. Compared to humans, the incidence of gastric carcinoma in dogs is low although, in a small number of breeds, a higher incidence has been reported. In dogs, the etiology and molecular pathways involved remain largely unknown. This retrospective study reviews current signalment data, evaluates the inflammatory component and association with Helicobacter spp. presence in various canine gastric carcinoma histological subtypes, and investigates potential molecular pathways involved in one of the largest study cohorts to date. The benefit of such a comparative study is to highlight the parallel histological features and molecular pathways between dogs and humans. Abstract Canine gastric carcinoma (CGC) affects both sexes in relatively equal proportions, with a mean age of nine years, and the highest frequency in Staffordshire bull terriers. The most common histological subtype in 149 CGC cases was the undifferentiated carcinoma. CGCs were associated with increased chronic inflammation parameters and a greater chronic inflammatory score when Helicobacter spp. were present. Understanding the molecular pathways of gastric carcinoma is challenging. All markers showed variable expression for each subtype. Expression of the cell cycle regulator 14-3-3σ was positive in undifferentiated, tubular and papillary carcinomas. This demonstrates that 14-3-3σ could serve as an immunohistochemical marker in routine diagnosis and that mucinous, papillary and signet-ring cell (SRC) carcinomas follow a 14-3-3σ independent pathway. p16, another cell cycle regulator, showed increased expression in mucinous and SRC carcinomas. Expression of the adhesion molecules E-cadherin and CD44 appear context-dependent, with switching within tumor emboli potentially playing an important role in tumor cell survival, during invasion and metastasis. Within neoplastic emboli, acinar structures lacked expression of all markers, suggesting an independent molecular pathway that requires further investigation. These findings demonstrate similarities and differences between dogs and humans, albeit further clinicopathological data and molecular analysis are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Hardas
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Sam Beck
- VPG Histology, Horfield, Bristol BS7 0BJ, UK;
| | - William E. Becker
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine (ETSEA), University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
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αvβ3 Integrin induces partial EMT independent of TGF-β signaling. Commun Biol 2021; 4:490. [PMID: 33883697 PMCID: PMC8060333 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role for tumor progression. Recent studies have revealed the existence of distinct intermediate states in EMT (partial EMT); however, the mechanisms underlying partial EMT are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that αvβ3 integrin induces partial EMT, which is characterized by acquiring mesenchymal phenotypes while retaining epithelial markers. We found αvβ3 integrin to be associated with poor survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, αvβ3 integrin-induced partial EMT promoted migration, invasion, tumorigenesis, stemness, and metastasis of lung cancer cells in a TGF-β-independent fashion. Additionally, TGF-β1 promoted EMT progression synergistically with αvβ3 integrin, while a TGF-β signaling inhibitor showed no effect on αvβ3 integrin-induced partial EMT. Meanwhile, the microRNA-200 family abolished the αvβ3 integrin-induced partial EMT by suppressing αvβ3 integrin cell surface expression. These findings indicate that αvβ3 integrin is a key inducer of partial EMT, and highlight a new mechanism for cancer progression. Kariya, Oyama et al. propose that αvβ3 can drive a partial EMT phenotype characterized by maintained E-cadherin expression and upregulation of mesenchymal markers. This hybrid EMT state is independent of TGF-β1 signaling and characterised by increased migration, invasion, tumor cell proliferation, stemness and metastatic capacity.
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22
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Bukovac A, Kafka A, Raguž M, Brlek P, Dragičević K, Müller D, Pećina-Šlaus N. Are We Benign? What Can Wnt Signaling Pathway and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Tell Us about Intracranial Meningioma Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1633. [PMID: 33915799 PMCID: PMC8037732 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is characterized by the reduced expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of N-cadherin, plays an important role in the tumor invasion and metastasis. Classical Wnt signaling pathway has a tight link with EMT and it has been shown that nuclear translocation of β-catenin can induce EMT. This research has showed that genes that are involved in cadherin switch, CDH1 and CDH2, play a role in meningioma progression. Increased N-cadherin expression in relation to E-cadherin was recorded. In meningioma, transcription factors SNAIL, SLUG, and TWIST1 demonstrated strong expression in relation to E- and N-cadherin. The expression of SNAIL and SLUG was significantly associated with higher grades (p = 0.001), indicating their role in meningioma progression. Higher grades also recorded an increased expression of total β-catenin followed by an increased expression of its active form (p = 0.000). This research brings the results of genetic and protein analyzes of important molecules that are involved in Wnt and EMT signaling pathways and reveals their role in intracranial meningioma. The results of this study offer guidelines and new markers of progression for future research and reveal new molecular targets of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bukovac
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (P.B.); (K.D.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (P.B.); (K.D.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Raguž
- Department of Neurosurgery, University hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Petar Brlek
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (P.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Katarina Dragičević
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (P.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Danko Müller
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (P.B.); (K.D.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Selke P, Rosenstock P, Bork K, Strauss C, Horstkorte R, Scheer M. Glycation of benign meningioma cells leads to increased invasion. Biol Chem 2021; 402:849-859. [PMID: 33725749 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common non-malignant intracranial tumors. Like most tumors, meningiomas prefer anaerobic glycolysis for energy production (Warburg effect). This leads to an increased synthesis of the metabolite methylglyoxal (MGO). This metabolite is known to react with amino groups of proteins. This reaction is called glycation, thereby building advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In this study, we investigated the influence of glycation on two meningioma cell lines, representing the WHO grade I (BEN-MEN-1) and the WHO grade III (IOMM-Lee). Increasing MGO concentrations led to the formation of AGEs and decreased growth in both cell lines. When analyzing the influence of glycation on adhesion, chemotaxis and invasion, we could show that the glycation of meningioma cells resulted in increased invasive potential of the benign meningioma cell line, whereas the invasive potential of the malignant cell line was reduced. In addition, glycation increased the E-cadherin- and decreased the N-cadherin-expression in BEN-MEN-1 cells, but did not affect the cadherin-expression in IOMM-Lee cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Selke
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstock
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Kaya Bork
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christian Strauss
- Department for Neurosurgery, University Hospital Halle, D-06120Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheer
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114Halle/Saale, Germany
- Department for Neurosurgery, University Hospital Halle, D-06120Halle/Saale, Germany
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MAGI1 inhibits the AMOTL2/p38 stress pathway and prevents luminal breast tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5752. [PMID: 33707576 PMCID: PMC7952706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations to cell polarization or to intercellular junctions are often associated with epithelial cancer progression, including breast cancers (BCa). We show here that the loss of the junctional scaffold protein MAGI1 is associated with bad prognosis in luminal BCa, and promotes tumorigenesis. E-cadherin and the actin binding scaffold AMOTL2 accumulate in MAGI1 deficient cells which are subjected to increased stiffness. These alterations are associated with low YAP activity, the terminal Hippo-pathway effector, but with an elevated ROCK and p38 Stress Activated Protein Kinase activities. Blocking ROCK prevented p38 activation, suggesting that MAGI1 limits p38 activity in part through releasing actin strength. Importantly, the increased tumorigenicity of MAGI1 deficient cells is rescued in the absence of AMOTL2 or after inhibition of p38, demonstrating that MAGI1 acts as a tumor-suppressor in luminal BCa by inhibiting an AMOTL2/p38 stress pathway.
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PLEKHA7, an Apical Adherens Junction Protein, Suppresses Inflammatory Breast Cancer in the Context of High E-Cadherin and p120-Catenin Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031275. [PMID: 33525380 PMCID: PMC7865280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer that forms clusters of tumor emboli in dermal lymphatics and readily metastasizes. These cancers express high levels of E-cadherin, the major mediator of adherens junctions, which enhances formation of tumor emboli. Previous studies suggest that E-cadherin promotes cancer when the balance between apical and basolateral cadherin complexes is disrupted. Here, we used immunohistochemistry of inflammatory breast cancer patient samples and analysis of cell lines to determine the expression of PLEKHA7, an apical adherens junction protein. We used viral transduction to re-express PLEKHA7 in inflammatory breast cancer cells and examined their aggressiveness in 2D and 3D cultures and in vivo. We determined that PLEKHA7 was deregulated in inflammatory breast cancer, demonstrating improper localization or lost expression in most patient samples and very low expression in cell lines. Re-expressing PLEKHA7 suppressed proliferation, anchorage independent growth, spheroid viability, and tumor growth in vivo. The data indicate that PLEKHA7 is frequently deregulated and acts to suppress inflammatory breast cancer. The data also promote the need for future inquiry into the imbalance between apical and basolateral cadherin complexes as driving forces in inflammatory breast cancer.
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Decorin-mediated suppression of tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis in inflammatory breast cancer. Commun Biol 2021; 4:72. [PMID: 33452400 PMCID: PMC7811004 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a clinically distinct and highly aggressive form of breast cancer with rapid onset and a strong propensity to metastasize. The molecular mechanisms underlying the aggressiveness and metastatic propensity of IBC are largely unknown. Herein, we report that decorin (DCN), a small leucine-rich extracellular matrix proteoglycan, is downregulated in tumors from patients with IBC. Overexpression of DCN in IBC cells markedly decreased migration, invasion, and cancer stem cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in IBC xenograft mouse models. Mechanistically, DCN functioned as a suppressor of invasion and tumor growth in IBC by destabilizing E-cadherin and inhibiting EGFR/ERK signaling. DCN physically binds E-cadherin in IBC cells and accelerates its degradation through an autophagy-linked lysosomal pathway. We established that DCN inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis in IBC cells by negatively regulating the E-cadherin/EGFR/ERK axis. Our findings offer a potential therapeutic strategy for IBC, and provide a novel mechanism for IBC pathobiology. Xiaoding Hu et al. find that expression of the proteoglycan decorin is decreased in patients with inflammatory breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue and some other types of breast cancer. They demonstrate that decorin acts as a tumor suppressor in cancer cells and human xenograft mouse models by destabilizing the E-cadherin-EGFR signaling axis, and their findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies for this aggressive breast cancer.
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Armando F, Godizzi F, Razzuoli E, Leonardi F, Angelone M, Corradi A, Meloni D, Ferrari L, Passeri B. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in a Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of a Horse: Future Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122318. [PMID: 33297475 PMCID: PMC7762370 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common cancers in horses, and it can arise at any site on the skin and mucosae. Recent studies associated equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infections with this type of cancers of the oral tract and genitals. Larynx and pharynx are frequently recognized as sites of SCC. In humans, squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (SCCL) is a common cancer associated with papilloma virus (PV) infection and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT can occur under different biological conditions, upon the same programmed changes: embryogenesis and organ development fibrosis, wound healing, and cancer metastases. This work reports for the first time in a SCCL of a horse a wide immunohistochemical EMT characterization, by analyzing main epithelial markers (E-cadherin, β-catenin, and pan-cytokeratin AE3/AE1), main mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin), and the main EMT-related transcription factors (TWIST-1, ZEB-1, and HIF-1α). This work illustrates an example of tumor cell adaptation during the metastatic process in the equine SCCL, taking also into consideration the potential influence provided by EcPV2 oncoproteins on the EMT process. Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most frequent tumors of skin and muco-cutaneous junctions in the horse. Equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) has been detected in equine SCC of the oral tract and genitals, and recently also in the larynx. As human squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (SCCL), it is strongly etiologically associated with high-risk papillomavirus (h-HPV) infection. This study focuses on tumor cells behavior in a naturally occurring tumor that can undergo the so-called epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). A SCCL in a horse was investigated by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against E-cadherin, pan-cytokeratin AE3/AE1, β-catenin, N-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB-1, TWIST, and HIF-1α. EcPV2 DNA detection and expression of oncogenes in SCC were investigated. A cadherin switch and an intermediate filaments rearrangement within primary site tumor cells together with the expression of the EMT-related transcription factors TWIST-1, ZEB-1, and HIF-1α were observed. DNA obtained from the tumor showed EcPV2 positivity, with E2 gene disruption and E6 gene dysregulation. The results suggest that equine SCCL might be a valuable model for studying EMT and the potential interactions between EcPV2 oncoproteins and the EMT process in SCCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Armando
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.A.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (B.P.)
| | - Francesco Godizzi
- Department of Veterinary Science (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Via dell‘Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-542274; Fax: +39-010-566654
| | - Fabio Leonardi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Mario Angelone
- Department of Veterinary Science, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.A.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (B.P.)
| | - Daniela Meloni
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.A.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (B.P.)
| | - Benedetta Passeri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.A.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (B.P.)
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28
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Saxena K, Jolly MK, Balamurugan K. Hypoxia, partial EMT and collective migration: Emerging culprits in metastasis. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100845. [PMID: 32781367 PMCID: PMC7419667 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular biological process involved in migration of primary cancer cells to secondary sites facilitating metastasis. Besides, EMT also confers properties such as stemness, drug resistance and immune evasion which can aid a successful colonization at the distant site. EMT is not a binary process; recent evidence suggests that cells in partial EMT or hybrid E/M phenotype(s) can have enhanced stemness and drug resistance as compared to those undergoing a complete EMT. Moreover, partial EMT enables collective migration of cells as clusters of circulating tumor cells or emboli, further endorsing that cells in hybrid E/M phenotypes may be the 'fittest' for metastasis. Here, we review mechanisms and implications of hybrid E/M phenotypes, including their reported association with hypoxia. Hypoxia-driven activation of HIF-1α can drive EMT. In addition, cyclic hypoxia, as compared to acute or chronic hypoxia, shows the highest levels of active HIF-1α and can augment cancer aggressiveness to a greater extent, including enriching for a partial EMT phenotype. We also discuss how metastasis is influenced by hypoxia, partial EMT and collective cell migration, and call for a better understanding of interconnections among these mechanisms. We discuss the known regulators of hypoxia, hybrid EMT and collective cell migration and highlight the gaps which needs to be filled for connecting these three axes which will increase our understanding of dynamics of metastasis and help control it more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saxena
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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29
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Pang L, Shah H, Wang H, Shu D, Qian SY, Sathish V. EpCAM-Targeted 3WJ RNA Nanoparticle Harboring Delta-5-Desaturase siRNA Inhibited Lung Tumor Formation via DGLA Peroxidation. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:222-235. [PMID: 33230429 PMCID: PMC7515975 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Knocking down delta-5-desaturase (D5D) expression by D5D small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been reported that could redirect the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-catalyzed dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) peroxidation from producing prostaglandin E2 to 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (8-HOA), resulting in the inhibition of colon and pancreatic cancers. However, the effect of D5D siRNA on lung cancer is still unknown. In this study, by incorporating epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) aptamer and validated D5D siRNA into the innovative three-way junction (3WJ) RNA nanoparticle, target-specific accumulation and D5D knockdown were achieved in the lung cancer cell and mouse models. By promoting the 8-HOA formation from the COX-2-catalyzed DGLA peroxidation, the 3WJ-EpCAM-D5D siRNA nanoparticle inhibited lung cancer growth in vivo and in vitro. As a potential histone deacetylases inhibitor, 8-HOA subsequently inhibited cancer proliferation and induced apoptosis via suppressing YAP1/TAZ nuclear translocation and expression. Therefore, this 3WJ-RNA nanoparticle could improve the targeting and effectiveness of D5D siRNA in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Harshit Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dan Shu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steven Y. Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Corresponding author: Venkatachalem Sathish, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Sudro 203, 1401 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
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30
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Bakir B, Chiarella AM, Pitarresi JR, Rustgi AK. EMT, MET, Plasticity, and Tumor Metastasis. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:764-776. [PMID: 32800658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell identity and plasticity are required in transition states, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), in primary tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. The functional roles of EMT, MET, and the partial state (referred to as pEMT) may vary based on the type of tumor, the state of dissemination, and the degree of metastatic colonization. Herein, we review EMT, MET, pEMT, and plasticity in the context of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Bakir
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna M Chiarella
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jason R Pitarresi
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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31
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Sterneck E, Poria DK, Balamurugan K. Slug and E-Cadherin: Stealth Accomplices? Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:138. [PMID: 32760736 PMCID: PMC7371942 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During physiological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is important for embryogenesis and wound healing, epithelial cells activate a program to remodel their structure and achieve a mesenchymal fate. In cancer cells, EMT confers increased invasiveness and tumor-initiating capacity, which contribute to metastasis and resistance to therapeutics. However, cellular plasticity that navigates between epithelial and mesenchymal states and maintenance of a hybrid or partial E/M phenotype appears to be even more important for cancer progression. Besides other core EMT transcription factors, the well-characterized Snail-family proteins Snail (SNAI1) and Slug (SNAI2) play important roles in both physiological and pathological EMT. Often mentioned in unison, they do, however, differ in their functions in many scenarios. Indeed, Slug expression does not always correlate with complete EMT or loss of E-cadherin (CDH1). For example, Slug plays important roles in mammary epithelial cell progenitor cell lineage commitment and differentiation, DNA damage responses, hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, and in pathologies such as pulmonary fibrosis and atherosclerosis. In this Perspective, we highlight Slug functions in mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer as a “non-EMT factor” in basal epithelial cells and stem cells with focus reports that demonstrate co-expression of Slug and E-cadherin. We speculate that Slug and E-cadherin may cooperate in normal mammary gland and breast cancer/stem cells and advocate for functional assessment of such Slug+/E-cadherinlow/+ (SNAI2+/CDH1low/+) “basal-like epithelial” cells. Thus, Slug may be regarded as less of an EMT factor than driver of the basal epithelial cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esta Sterneck
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Dipak K Poria
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
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32
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A Novel Function for KLF4 in Modulating the De-differentiation of EpCAM -/CD133 - nonStem Cells into EpCAM +/CD133 + Liver Cancer Stem Cells in HCC Cell Line HuH7. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051198. [PMID: 32408542 PMCID: PMC7290717 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and heterogeneous nature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) hampers the identification of effective therapeutic strategies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a fraction of cells within tumors with the ability to self-renew and differentiate, and thus significantly contribute to the formation and maintenance of heterogeneous tumor mass. Increasing evidence indicates high plasticity in tumor cells, suggesting that non-CSCs could acquire stem cell properties through de-differentiation or reprogramming processes. In this paper, we reveal KLF4 as a transcription factor that can induce a CSC-like phenotype in non-CSCs through upregulating the EpCAM and E-CAD expression. Our studies indicated that KLF4 could directly bind to the promoter of EpCAM and increase the number of EpCAM+/CD133+ liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) in the HuH7 HCC cell line. When KLF4 was overexpressed in EpCAM−/CD133− non-stem cells, the expressions of hepatic stem/progenitor cell genes such as CK19, EpCAM and LGR5 were significantly increased. KLF4 overexpressing non-stem cells exhibited greater cell viability upon sorafenib treatment, while the cell migration and invasion capabilities of these cells were suppressed. Importantly, we detected an increased membranous expression and colocalization of β-CAT, E-CAD and EpCAM in the KLF4-overexpressing EpCAM−/CD133− non-stem cells, suggesting that this complex might be required for the cancer stem cell phenotype. Moreover, our in vivo xenograft studies demonstrated that with a KLF4 overexpression, EpCAM−/CD133− non-stem cells attained an in vivo tumor forming ability comparable to EpCAM+/CD133+ LCSCs, and the tumor specimens from KLF4-overexpressing xenografts had increased levels of both the KLF4 and EpCAM proteins. Additionally, we identified a correlation between the KLF4 and EpCAM protein expressions in human HCC tissues independent of the tumor stage and differentiation status. Collectively, our data suggest a novel function for KLF4 in modulating the de-differentiation of tumor cells and the induction of EpCAM+/CD133+ LCSCs in HuH7 HCC cells.
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Ahmed AG, Hussein UK, Ahmed AE, Kim KM, Mahmoud HM, Hammouda O, Jang KY, Bishayee A. Mustard Seed ( Brassica nigra) Extract Exhibits Antiproliferative Effect against Human Lung Cancer Cells through Differential Regulation of Apoptosis, Cell Cycle, Migration, and Invasion. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092069. [PMID: 32365503 PMCID: PMC7248788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and development of novel lung cancer preventive and therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Brassica nigra (black mustard) seeds are commonly consumed in several Asian and African countries. Mustard seeds previously exhibited significant anticancer activities against several cancer types. In the present study, we have investigated various cellular and molecular mechanisms of anticancer effects of an ethanolic extract of B. nigra seeds against A549 and H1299 human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. B. nigra extract showed a substantial growth-inhibitory effect as it reduced the viability and clonogenic survival of A549 and H1299 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. B. nigra extract induced cellular apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion as evidenced from increased caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, treatment of both A549 and H1299 cells with B. nigra extract alone or in combination with camptothecin induced DNA double-strand breaks as evidenced by upregulation of γH2A histone family member X, Fanconi anemia group D2 protein, Fanconi anemia group J protein, ataxia-telangiectesia mutated and Rad3-related protein. Based on cell cycle analysis, B. nigra extract significantly arrested A549 and H1299 cells at S and G2/M phases. Additionally, B. nigra extract suppressed the migratory and invasive properties of both cell lines, downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), MMP9, and Snail and upregulated the expression of E-cadherin at mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, these findings indicate that B. nigra seed extract may have an important anticancer potential against human lung cancer which could be mediated through simultaneous and differential regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell cycle, migration, and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gamal Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (A.G.A.); (U.K.H.); (K.M.K.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Usama Khamis Hussein
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (A.G.A.); (U.K.H.); (K.M.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (H.M.M.); (O.H.)
| | - Amr E. Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (A.G.A.); (U.K.H.); (K.M.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Hamada M. Mahmoud
- Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (H.M.M.); (O.H.)
| | - Ola Hammouda
- Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (H.M.M.); (O.H.)
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (A.G.A.); (U.K.H.); (K.M.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.Y.J.); or (A.B.); Tel.: +82-10-4228-9970 (K.Y.J.); +1-941-782-5950 (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: (K.Y.J.); or (A.B.); Tel.: +82-10-4228-9970 (K.Y.J.); +1-941-782-5950 (A.B.)
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Nair-Menon J, Daulagala AC, Connor DM, Rutledge L, Penix T, Bridges MC, Wellslager B, Spyropoulos DD, Timmers CD, Broome AM, Kourtidis A. Predominant Distribution of the RNAi Machinery at Apical Adherens Junctions in Colonic Epithelia Is Disrupted in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2559. [PMID: 32272708 PMCID: PMC7177752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA interference (RNAi) machinery is an essential component of the cell, regulating miRNA biogenesis and function. RNAi complexes were thought to localize either in the nucleus, such as the microprocessor, or in the cytoplasm, such as the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). We recently revealed that the core microprocessor components DROSHA and DGCR8, as well as the main components of RISC, including Ago2, also associate with the apical adherens junctions of well-differentiated cultured epithelial cells. Here, we demonstrate that the localization of the core RNAi components is specific and predominant at apical areas of cell-cell contact of human normal colon epithelial tissues and normal primary colon epithelial cells. Importantly, the apical junctional localization of RNAi proteins is disrupted or lost in human colon tumors and in poorly differentiated colon cancer cell lines, correlating with the dysregulation of the adherens junction component PLEKHA7. We show that the restoration of PLEKHA7 expression at adherens junctions of aggressively tumorigenic colon cancer cells restores the junctional localization of RNAi components and suppresses cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this work identifies the apical junctional localization of the RNAi machinery as a key feature of the differentiated colonic epithelium, with a putative tumor suppressing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Nair-Menon
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.N.-M.); (A.C.D.); (L.R.); (T.P.); (M.C.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Amanda C. Daulagala
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.N.-M.); (A.C.D.); (L.R.); (T.P.); (M.C.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Dean M. Connor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.M.C.); (A.-M.B.)
| | - Lauren Rutledge
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.N.-M.); (A.C.D.); (L.R.); (T.P.); (M.C.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Trevor Penix
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.N.-M.); (A.C.D.); (L.R.); (T.P.); (M.C.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Mary Catherine Bridges
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.N.-M.); (A.C.D.); (L.R.); (T.P.); (M.C.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Bridgette Wellslager
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.N.-M.); (A.C.D.); (L.R.); (T.P.); (M.C.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Demetri D. Spyropoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Cynthia D. Timmers
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Ann-Marie Broome
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.M.C.); (A.-M.B.)
| | - Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.N.-M.); (A.C.D.); (L.R.); (T.P.); (M.C.B.); (B.W.)
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Kuo CY, Weng TS, Kumar KJS, Tseng YH, Tung TW, Wang SY, Wang HC. Ethanol Extracts of Dietary Herb, Alpinia nantoensis, Exhibit Anticancer Potential in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 18:1534735419866924. [PMID: 31409145 PMCID: PMC6696839 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419866924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in mammography screening, chemotherapy, and adjuvant treatment modalities have improved the survival rate of women with breast cancer. Nevertheless, the breast tumor with metastatic progression is still life-threatening. Indeed, combination therapy with Ras-ERK and PI3K inhibitors is clinically effective in malignant breast cancer treatment. Constituents from genus Alpinia plants have been implicated as potent anticancer agents in terms of their efficacy of inhibiting tumor cell metastasis. In this study, we tested the effects of ethanol extracts of Alpinia nantoensis (rhizome, stem, and leaf extracts) in cultured human breast cancer cells and particularly focused on the Ras-ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. We found that the rhizome and leaf extracts from A nantoensis inhibited cell migration, invasion, and sphere formation in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The potency was extended with the inhibition of serum-induced PI3K/AKT and Ras-ERK activation and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated EGFR activation in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results indicate that extracts of A nantoensis could inhibit signal transduction at least involved in EGFR as well as the PI3K/AKT and Ras-ERK pathways, which are crucial players of tumor cell migration and invasion. Our study strongly supports that the extracts of A nantoensis could be a novel botanical drug lead for the development of an antimetastatic agent for the treatment of human malignant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ying Kuo
- 1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Song Weng
- 1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,2 Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan
| | - K J Senthil Kumar
- 3 Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsueh Tseng
- 3 Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Tung
- 1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- 3 Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,4 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Wang
- 1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,5 Department of Medical Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.,6 Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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36
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Ye T, Li J, Sun Z, Liu D, Zeng B, Zhao Q, Wang J, Xing HR. Cdh1 functions as an oncogene by inducing self-renewal of lung cancer stem-like cells via oncogenic pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:447-459. [PMID: 32015681 PMCID: PMC6990901 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of lung cancer remains the highest amongst all cancers despite of new therapeutic developments. While cancer stem cells (CSCs) may play a pivotal role in cancer, mechanisms underlying CSCs self-renewal and their relevance to cancer progression have not been clearly elucidated due to the lack of reliable and stable CSC cellular models. In the present study, we unveiled the novel oncogene function of cadherin 1 (Cdh1) via bioinformatic analysis in a broad spectrum of human cancers including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), adding a new dimension to the widely reported tumor suppressor function of Cdh1. Experimentally, we show for the first time that Cdh1 promotes the self-renewal of lung CSCs, consistent with its function in embryonic and normal stem cells. Using the LLC-Symmetric Division (LLC-SD) model, we have revealed an intricate cross-talk between the oncogenic pathway and stem cell pathway in which Cdh1 functions as an oncogene by promoting lung CSC renewal via the activation of the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and inhibition of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, respectively. In summary, this study has provided evidence demonstrating effective utilization of the normal stem cell renewal mechanisms by CSCs to promote oncogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Doudou Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiting Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Rosie Xing
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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37
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Eslami Amirabadi H, Tuerlings M, Hollestelle A, SahebAli S, Luttge R, van Donkelaar CC, Martens JWM, den Toonder JMJ. Characterizing the invasion of different breast cancer cell lines with distinct E-cadherin status in 3D using a microfluidic system. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:101. [PMID: 31760501 PMCID: PMC6875428 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion protein that plays a prominent role in cancer invasion. Inactivation of E-cadherin in breast cancer can arise from gene promoter hypermethylation or genetic mutation. Depending on their E-cadherin status, breast cancer cells adopt different morphologies with distinct invasion modes. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can also affect the cell morphology and invasion mode. In this paper, we used a previously developed microfluidic system to quantify the three-dimensional invasion of breast cancer cells with different E-cadherin status, namely MCF-7, CAMA-1 and MDA-MB-231 with wild type, mutated and promoter hypermethylated E-cadherin, respectively. The cells migrated into a stable and reproducible microfibrous polycaprolactone mesh in the chip under a programmed stable chemotactic gradient. We observed that the MDA-MB-231 cells invaded the most, as single cells. MCF-7 cells collectively invaded into the matrix more than CAMA-1 cells, maintaining their E-cadherin expression. The CAMA-1 cells exhibited multicellular multifocal infiltration into the matrix. These results are consistent with what is seen in vivo in the cancer biology literature. In addition, comparison between complete serum and serum gradient conditions showed that the MDA-MB-231 cells invaded more under the serum gradient after one day, however this behavior was inverted after 3 days. The results showcase that the microfluidic system can be used to quantitatively assess the invasion behavior of cancer cells with different E-cadherin expression, for a longer period than conventional invasion models. In the future, it can be used to quantitatively investigate effects of matrix structure and cell treatments on cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eslami Amirabadi
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Healthy living division, TNO, Zeist, the Netherlands
- Institute for Pharmeceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Tuerlings
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - A Hollestelle
- Department of Medical oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S SahebAli
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - R Luttge
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - C C van Donkelaar
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - J W M Martens
- Department of Medical oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J M J den Toonder
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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38
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Jiménez-Segovia A, Mota A, Rojo-Sebastián A, Barrocal B, Rynne-Vidal A, García-Bermejo ML, Gómez-Bris R, Hawinkels LJAC, Sandoval P, Garcia-Escudero R, López-Cabrera M, Moreno-Bueno G, Fresno M, Stamatakis K. Prostaglandin F 2α-induced Prostate Transmembrane Protein, Androgen Induced 1 mediates ovarian cancer progression increasing epithelial plasticity. Neoplasia 2019; 21:1073-1084. [PMID: 31734628 PMCID: PMC6888713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of prostaglandin (PG) F2α has been scarcely studied in cancer. We have identified a new function for PGF2α in ovarian cancer, stimulating the production of Prostate Transmembrane Protein, Androgen Induced 1 (PMEPA1). We show that this induction increases cell plasticity and proliferation, enhancing tumor growth through PMEPA1. Thus, PMEPA1 overexpression in ovarian carcinoma cells, significantly increased cell proliferation rates, whereas PMEPA1 silencing decreased proliferation. In addition, PMEPA1 overexpression buffered TGFβ signaling, via reduction of SMAD-dependent signaling. PMEPA1 overexpressing cells acquired an epithelial morphology, associated with higher E-cadherin expression levels while β-catenin nuclear translocation was inhibited. Notwithstanding, high PMEPA1 levels also correlated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers, such as vimentin and ZEB1, allowing the cells to take advantage of both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics, gaining in cell plasticity and adaptability. Interestingly, in mouse xenografts, PMEPA1 overexpressing ovarian cells had a clear survival and proliferative advantage, resulting in higher metastatic capacity, while PMEPA1 silencing had the opposite effect. Furthermore, high PMEPA1 expression in a cohort of advanced ovarian cancer patients was observed, correlating with E-cadherin expression. Most importantly, high PMEPA1 mRNA levels were associated with lower patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Jiménez-Segovia
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Alba Mota
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain; MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid & Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rojo-Sebastián
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid & Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Beatriz Barrocal
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Angela Rynne-Vidal
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María-Laura García-Bermejo
- Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Lab, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez-Bris
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ramon Garcia-Escudero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain; MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid & Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IIS-P), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Konstantinos Stamatakis
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IIS-P), Madrid, Spain.
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Devaux CA, Mezouar S, Mege JL. The E-Cadherin Cleavage Associated to Pathogenic Bacteria Infections Can Favor Bacterial Invasion and Transmigration, Dysregulation of the Immune Response and Cancer Induction in Humans. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2598. [PMID: 31781079 PMCID: PMC6857109 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Once bound to the epithelium, pathogenic bacteria have to cross epithelial barriers to invade their human host. In order to achieve this goal, they have to destroy the adherens junctions insured by cell adhesion molecules (CAM), such as E-cadherin (E-cad). The invasive bacteria use more or less sophisticated mechanisms aimed to deregulate CAM genes expression or to modulate the cell-surface expression of CAM proteins, which are otherwise rigorously regulated by a molecular crosstalk essential for homeostasis. Apart from the repression of CAM genes, a drastic decrease in adhesion molecules on human epithelial cells can be obtained by induction of eukaryotic endoproteases named sheddases or through synthesis of their own (prokaryotic) sheddases. Cleavage of CAM by sheddases results in the release of soluble forms of CAM. The overexpression of soluble CAM in body fluids can trigger inflammation and pro-carcinogenic programming leading to tumor induction and metastasis. In addition, the reduction of the surface expression of E-cad on epithelia could be accompanied by an alteration of the anti-bacterial and anti-tumoral immune responses. This immune response dysfunction is likely to occur through the deregulation of immune cells homing, which is controlled at the level of E-cad interaction by surface molecules αE integrin (CD103) and lectin receptor KLRG1. In this review, we highlight the central role of CAM cell-surface expression during pathogenic microbial invasion, with a particular focus on bacterial-induced cleavage of E-cad. We revisit herein the rapidly growing body of evidence indicating that high levels of soluble E-cad (sE-cad) in patients’ sera could serve as biomarker of bacterial-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Devaux
- IRD, MEPHI, APHM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,CNRS, Institute of Biological Science (INSB), Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- IRD, MEPHI, APHM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- IRD, MEPHI, APHM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France.,APHM, UF Immunology Department, Marseille, France
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40
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Mizukoshi K, Okazawa Y, Haeno H, Koyama Y, Sulidan K, Komiyama H, Saeki H, Ohtsuji N, Ito Y, Kojima Y, Goto M, Habu S, Hino O, Sakamoto K, Orimo A. Metastatic seeding of human colon cancer cell clusters expressing the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal state. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2547-2562. [PMID: 31506938 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the theory that tumor cell clusters efficiently metastasize to distant organs. However, the roles of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in metastasizing tumor cell clusters have not yet been fully elucidated. To investigate this issue, tumor fragments were dissected from 40 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. We observed that tumors developed from the tumor fragments obtained from 28 of the 40 CRC patients. The tumors were then dissociated into cell suspensions to be orthotopically injected into secondary mice. The tumors from 13 of the 28 patients progressed. Furthermore, metastases formed spontaneously in the liver and lungs from the tumor fragments obtained from 8 of these 13 patients. Moreover, employing a mathematical analysis, we showed that tumor cell clusters seeded these metastases significantly more often than did single tumor cells. Membrane E-cadherin- and nuclear ZEB1-positive tumor cells indicating the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal state were also detected in primary tumors of various CRC patients, and in the corresponding patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and circulating tumor cell clusters in the bloodstreams of mice. In contrast, ZEB1 staining was barely detectable in the patient-matched liver metastases presumably developing through mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Inhibition of E-cadherin or ZEB1 expression by shRNA notably prevented the PDX-derived tumor organoids from colonizing the liver, when injected intrasplenically into mice, indicating E-cadherin and ZEB1 expressions to be required for their metastatic colonization. Taken together, these findings suggest that the epithelial/mesenchymal state mediates metastatic seeding of human CRC cell clusters into distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mizukoshi
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Okazawa
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Haeno
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yu Koyama
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaidiliayi Sulidan
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Komiyama
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Saeki
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Ohtsuji
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kojima
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michitoshi Goto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Habu
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhou T, Kyritsi K, Wu N, Francis H, Yang Z, Chen L, O'Brien A, Kennedy L, Ceci L, Meadows V, Kusumanchi P, Wu C, Baiocchi L, Skill NJ, Saxena R, Sybenga A, Xie L, Liangpunsakul S, Meng F, Alpini G, Glaser S. Knockdown of vimentin reduces mesenchymal phenotype of cholangiocytes in the Mdr2 -/- mouse model of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). EBioMedicine 2019; 48:130-142. [PMID: 31522982 PMCID: PMC6838376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocytes are the target cells of cholangiopathies including primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein that has been found in various types of mesenchymal cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of vimentin in the progression of biliary damage/liver fibrosis and whether there is a mesenchymal phenotype of cholangiocytes in the Mdr2-/- model of PSC. METHODS In vivo studies were performed in 12 wk. Mdr2-/- male mice with or without vimentin Vivo-Morpholino treatment and their corresponding control groups. Liver specimens from human PSC patients, human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBEpiC) and human hepatic stellate cell lines (HHSteCs) were used to measure changes in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). FINDINGS There was increased mesenchymal phenotype of cholangiocytes in Mdr2-/- mice, which was reduced by treatment of vimentin Vivo-Morpholino. Concomitant with reduced vimentin expression, there was decreased liver damage, ductular reaction, biliary senescence, liver fibrosis and TGF-β1 secretion in Mdr2-/- mice treated with vimentin Vivo-Morpholino. Human PSC patients and derived cell lines had increased expression of vimentin and other mesenchymal markers compared to healthy controls and HIBEpiC, respectively. In vitro silencing of vimentin in HIBEpiC suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT and fibrotic reaction. HHSteCs had decreased fibrotic reaction and increased cellular senescence after stimulation with cholangiocyte supernatant with reduced vimentin levels. INTERPRETATION Our study demonstrated that knockdown of vimentin reduces mesenchymal phenotype of cholangiocytes, which leads to decreased biliary senescence and liver fibrosis. Inhibition of vimentin may be a key therapeutic target in the treatment of cholangiopathies including PSC. FUND: National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards, VA Merit awards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Nan Wu
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Lixian Chen
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - April O'Brien
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Vik Meadows
- Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, United States of America
| | | | - Nicholas J Skill
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Amelia Sybenga
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, United States of America
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America.
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42
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Yang Y, Zheng H, Zhan Y, Fan S. An emerging tumor invasion mechanism about the collective cell migration. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5301-5312. [PMID: 31632511 PMCID: PMC6789225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the metastasis has been detected in the late stage of the cancer, which mostly leads to death. The classical opinion about tumor metastasis is that tumor cell migration begins with the single tumor cell and goes through a series of complicated procedures, and lastly arrives and survives at distant tissues and organs. However, emerging studies have found a new migration mechanism called collective cell migration in many cancers. The collective cell migration could move as clusters with the tight cell-cell junction in the tumor microenvironments, toward the traction established by the leader cells. In addition, the collective cell migration has been shown to have higher invasive capacity and higher resistance to the clinical treatments than the single tumor cell migration. Interestingly, the collective clusters of tumor cells have been detected in the early stage of the cancer patient, which has led to the understanding of the significance of early cancer screenings. Here, we reviewed the major principles and guidance of the collective cell migration mechanisms, and the specific manifestations in the different tumors such as breast cancer and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
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43
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Padmanaban V, Krol I, Suhail Y, Szczerba BM, Aceto N, Bader JS, Ewald AJ. E-cadherin is required for metastasis in multiple models of breast cancer. Nature 2019; 573:439-444. [PMID: 31485072 PMCID: PMC7365572 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major driver of cancer deaths and begins when cancer cells invade surrounding tissues. Invasion and metastasis have been proposed to initiate following loss of the intercellular adhesion protein, E-cadherin (E-cad)1,2, based upon inverse correlations between in vitro migration and E-cad levels3. This hypothesis is inconsistent, however, with the observation that most breast cancers are invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) and express E-cad in primary tumors and metastases4. To resolve this discrepancy, we tested the genetic requirement for E-cad in metastasis using murine and human models of both luminal and basal IDC. Here we show that E-cad promotes metastasis in IDC. While loss of E-cad increased invasion, it also reduced cancer cell proliferation and survival, circulating tumor cell number, seeding of cancer cells in distant organs, and metastasis formation. Transcriptionally, loss of E-cad was associated with upregulation of TGFβ, reactive oxygen, and apoptosis signaling pathways. At the cellular level, disseminating E-cad-negative cells exhibited nuclear enrichment of SMAD2/3, oxidative stress, and elevated apoptosis rates. Colony formation of E-cad-negative cells was rescued by inhibition of TGFβ receptor signaling, reactive oxygen accumulation, or apoptosis. Our results reveal that E-cad acts as a survival factor in IDC during the detachment, systemic dissemination, and seeding phases of metastasis by limiting reactive oxygen-mediated apoptosis. Identifying molecular strategies to inhibit E-cad mediated survival in metastatic breast cancer cells could potentially be a new therapeutic approach for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Padmanaban
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ilona Krol
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yasir Suhail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara M Szczerba
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an uncommon but highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that contributes significantly to breast cancer-related mortality. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical and molecular characteristics of IBC, and highlight some areas of need for ongoing research. RECENT FINDINGS The disease is characterized by florid tumor emboli that obstruct dermal lymphatics, leading to swelling and inflammation of the affected breast. Recent studies have focused on tumor cell intrinsic features, such as signaling through pathways involved in growth and stem-like behavior, as well as extrinsic features, such as the immune system, that can be leveraged to develop new potential therapies. Key efforts have led to an increase in awareness of the disease as well as new insights into IBC pathogenesis. However, there is a strong need for new therapies designed specifically for IBC, and many unanswered questions remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Rosenbluth
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Beth A Overmoyer
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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45
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Jafari Najaf Abadi MH, Shafabakhsh R, Asemi Z, Mirzaei HR, Sahebnasagh R, Mirzaei H, Hamblin MR. CFIm25 and alternative polyadenylation: Conflicting roles in cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 459:112-121. [PMID: 31181319 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.114430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is now widely recognized to regulate gene expression. APA is an RNA-processing mechanism that generates distinct 3' termini on mRNAs, producing mRNA isoforms. Different factors influence the initiation and development of this process. CFIm25 (among others) is a cleavage and polyadenylation factor that plays a key role in the regulation of APA. Shortening of the 3'UTRs on mRNAs leads to enhanced cellular proliferation and tumorigenicity. One reason may be the up-regulation of growth promoting factors, such as Cyclin D1. Different studies have reported a dual role of CFIm25 in cancer (both oncogenic and tumor suppressor). microRNAs (miRNAs) may be involved in CFIm25 function as well as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). The present review focuses on the role of CFIm25 in cancer, cancer treatment, and possible involvement in other human diseases. We highlight the involvement of miRNAs and ceRNAs in the function of CFIm25 to affect gene expression. The lack of understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of CFIm25 and APA has underscored the need for further research regarding their role in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roxana Sahebnasagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Li X, Liu Z, Mi M, Zhang C, Xiao Y, Liu X, Wu G, Zhang L. Identification of hub genes and key pathways associated with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5209-5220. [PMID: 31239775 PMCID: PMC6559227 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an aggressive subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) that has a poor 5-year overall survival rate due to its lack of precise therapeutic targets. Identifying potential prognostic markers of AITL may provide information regarding the development of precision medicine. Methods: RNA sequence data from PTCL and patient clinic traits were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to identify DEGs between the different PTCL subtypes and investigate the relationship underlying co-expression modules and clinic traits. Gene ontology (GO) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses based on DAVID and the STRING website, respectively, were utilized to deeply excavate hub genes. Results: After removing the outliers from the GSE65823, GSE58445, GSE19069, and GSE6338 datasets using the results from an unsupervised cluster heatmap, 50 AITL samples and 55 anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) samples were screened. A total of 677 upregulated DEGs and 237 downregulated DEGs were identified in AITL and used to construct a PPI network complex. Using WGCNA, 12 identified co-expression modules were constructed from the 5468 genes with the top 10% of variance, and 192 genes from the Turquoise and Brown modules were with a Gene Significance (GS) cut-off threshold >0.6. Eleven hub genes (CDH1, LAT, LPAR1, CXCL13, CD27, ICAM2, CD3E, CCL19, CTLA-4, CXCR5, and C3) were identified. Only CTLA-4 overexpressed was found to be a poor prognostic factor according to survival analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified and validated the intersection of key pathways (T cell receptor, primary immunodeficiency, and chemokine signaling pathways). Conclusion: Our findings provide the framework for the identification of AITL co-expression gene modules and identify key pathways and driving genes that may be novel treatment targets and helpful for the development of a prognostic evaluation index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Mi
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Caijiao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxiu Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liling Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Promotion of growth factor signaling as a critical function of β-catenin during HCC progression. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1909. [PMID: 31015417 PMCID: PMC6478918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. β-catenin is widely thought to be a major oncogene in HCC based on the frequency of mutations associated with aberrant Wnt signaling in HCC patients. Challenging this model, our data reveal that β-catenin nuclear accumulation is restricted to the late stage of the disease. Until then, β-catenin is primarily located at the plasma membrane in complex with multiple cadherin family members where it drives tumor cell survival by enhancing the signaling of growth factor receptors such as EGFR. Therefore, our study reveals the evolving nature of β-catenin in HCC to establish it as a compound tumor promoter during the progression of the disease. Aberrant Wnt/b-catenin signaling is thought to be a major driver of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, the authors show that β-Catenin is predominantly integrated within the AJ complex during the early stages of this cancer and enhance EGFR signaling to promote tumour survival.
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48
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Tu CL, Celli A, Mauro T, Chang W. Calcium-Sensing Receptor Regulates Epidermal Intracellular Ca 2+ Signaling and Re-Epithelialization after Wounding. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:919-929. [PMID: 30404020 PMCID: PMC6431556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o) is a crucial regulator of epidermal homeostasis and its receptor, the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR), conveys the Ca2+o signals to promote keratinocyte adhesion, differentiation, and survival via activation of intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) and E-cadherin-mediated signaling. Here, we took genetic loss-of-function approaches to delineate the functions of CaSR in wound re-epithelialization. Cutaneous injury triggered a robust CaSR expression and a surge of Ca2+i in epidermis. CaSR and E-cadherin were co-expressed at the cell-cell membrane between migratory keratinocytes in the nascent epithelial tongues. Blocking the expression of CaSR or E-cadherin in cultured keratinocytes markedly inhibited the wound-induced Ca2+i propagation and their ability to migrate collectively. Depleting CaSR also suppressed keratinocyte proliferation by downregulating the E-cadherin/epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling axis. Blunted epidermal Ca2+i response to wounding and retarded wound healing were observed in the keratinocyte-specific CaSR knockout (EpidCasr-/-) mice, whose shortened neo-epithelia exhibited declined E-cadherin expression and diminished keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Conversely, stimulating endogenous CaSR with calcimimetic NPS-R568 accelerated wound re-epithelialization through enhancing the epidermal Ca2+i signals and E-cadherin membrane expression. These findings demonstrated a critical role for the CaSR in epidermal regeneration and its therapeutic potential for improving skin wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Anna Celli
- Dermatology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Theodora Mauro
- Dermatology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Cell-cell contacts protect against t-BuOOH-induced cellular damage and ferroptosis in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1265-1279. [PMID: 30798349 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently discovered pathway of regulated necrosis dependent on iron and lipid peroxidation. It has gained broad attention since it is a promising approach to overcome resistance to apoptosis in cancer chemotherapy. We have recently identified tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) as a novel inducer of ferroptosis. t-BuOOH is a widely used compound to induce oxidative stress in vitro. t-BuOOH induces lipid peroxidation and consequently ferroptosis in murine and human cell lines. t-BuOOH additionally results in a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, formation of DNA double-strand breaks, and replication block. Here, we specifically address the question whether cell-cell contacts regulate t-BuOOH-induced ferroptosis and cellular damage. To this end, murine NIH3T3 or human HaCaT cells were seeded to confluence, but below their saturation density to allow the establishment of cell-cell contacts without inducing quiescence. Cells were then treated with t-BuOOH (50 or 200 µM, respectively). We revealed that cell-cell contacts reduce basal and t-BuOOH-triggered lipid peroxidation and consequently block ferroptosis. Similar results were obtained with the specific ferroptosis inducer erastin. Cell-cell contacts further protect against t-BuOOH-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and formation of DNA double-strand breaks. Interestingly, cell-cell contacts failed to prevent t-BuOOH-mediated replication block or formation of the oxidative base lesion 8-oxo-dG. Since evidence of protection against cell death was both (i) observed after treatment with hydrogen peroxide, methyl methanesulfonate or UV-C, and (ii) seen in several cell lines, we conclude that protection by cell-cell contacts is a widespread phenomenon. The impact of cell-cell contacts on toxicity might have important implications in cancer chemotherapy.
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50
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Pereira CV, Duarte M, Silva P, Bento da Silva A, Duarte CMM, Cifuentes A, García-Cañas V, Bronze MR, Albuquerque C, Serra AT. Polymethoxylated Flavones Target Cancer Stemness and Improve the Antiproliferative Effect of 5-Fluorouracil in a 3D Cell Model of Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E326. [PMID: 30717428 PMCID: PMC6412836 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) from citrus fruits are reported to present anticancer potential. However, there is a lack of information regarding their effect on cancer stem cell (CSC) populations, which has been recognized as responsible for tumor initiation, relapse, and chemoresistance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of an orange peel extract (OPE) and its main PMFs, namely, nobiletin, sinensetin, tangeretin, and scutellarein tetramethylether in targeting cell proliferation and stemness using a 3D cell model of colorectal cancer composed of HT29 cell spheroids cultured for 7 days in stirred conditions. Soft agar assay, ALDH1 activity, and relative quantitative gene expression analysis of specific biomarkers were carried out to characterize the stemness, self-renewal, and mesenchymal features of HT29 cell spheroids. Then, the impact of OPE and PMFs in reducing cell proliferation and modulating cancer stemness and self-renewal was assessed. Results showed that, when compared with monolayer cultures, HT29 cell spheroids presented higher ALDH1 activity (81.97% ± 5.27% compared to 63.55% ± 17.49% for 2D), upregulation of CD44, PROM1, SOX9, and SNAI1 genes (1.83 ± 0.34, 2.54 ± 0.51, 2.03 ± 0.15, and 6.12 ± 1.59 times) and high self-renewal capability (352 ± 55 colonies compared to 253 ± 42 for 2D). Incubation with OPE (1 mg/mL) significantly inhibited cell proliferation and modulated cancer stemness and self-renewal ability: colony formation, ALDH1 activity, and the expression of cancer stemness biomarkers PROM1 and LGR5 were significantly reduced (0.66 ± 0.15 and 0.51 ± 0.14 times, respectively). Among all PMFs, tangeretin was the most efficient in targeting the CSC population by decreasing colony formation and the expression of PROM1 and LGR5. Scutellarein tetramethylether was shown to modulate markers of mesenchymal/metastatic transition (increasing CDH1 and reducing ZEB1 and SNAI1) and nobiletin was capable of downregulating PROM1 and SNAI1 expression. Importantly, all PMFs and OPE were shown to synergistically interact with 5-fluorouracil, improving the antiproliferative response of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina V Pereira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Marlene Duarte
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Silva
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Bento da Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av das Forças Armadas, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Catarina M M Duarte
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Virginia García-Cañas
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC) Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria R Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av das Forças Armadas, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Albuquerque
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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