1
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Wensveen FM, Šestan M, Polić B. The immunology of sickness metabolism. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:1051-1065. [PMID: 39107476 PMCID: PMC11364700 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Everyone knows that an infection can make you feel sick. Although we perceive infection-induced changes in metabolism as a pathology, they are a part of a carefully regulated process that depends on tissue-specific interactions between the immune system and organs involved in the regulation of systemic homeostasis. Immune-mediated changes in homeostatic parameters lead to altered production and uptake of nutrients in circulation, which modifies the metabolic rate of key organs. This is what we experience as being sick. The purpose of sickness metabolism is to generate a metabolic environment in which the body is optimally able to fight infection while denying vital nutrients for the replication of pathogens. Sickness metabolism depends on tissue-specific immune cells, which mediate responses tailored to the nature and magnitude of the threat. As an infection increases in severity, so do the number and type of immune cells involved and the level to which organs are affected, which dictates the degree to which we feel sick. Interestingly, many alterations associated with metabolic disease appear to overlap with immune-mediated changes observed following infection. Targeting processes involving tissue-specific interactions between activated immune cells and metabolic organs therefore holds great potential for treating both people with severe infection and those with metabolic disease. In this review, we will discuss how the immune system communicates in situ with organs involved in the regulation of homeostasis and how this communication is impacted by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Šestan
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Bojan Polić
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
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2
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Krueger JM. Tripping on the edge of consciousness. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 4:zpad039. [PMID: 37954093 PMCID: PMC10632728 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein the major accomplishments, trials and tribulations, and epiphanies experienced by James M. Krueger over the course of his career in sleep research are presented. They include the characterization of a) the supranormal EEG delta waves occurring during NREMS post sleep loss, b) Factor S as a muramyl peptide, c) the physiological roles of cytokines in sleep regulation, d) multiple other sleep regulatory substances, e) the dramatic changes in sleep over the course of infectious diseases, and f) sleep initiation within small neuronal/glial networks. The theory that the preservation of brain plasticity is the primordial sleep function is briefly discussed. These accomplishments resulted from collaborations with many outstanding scientists including James M. Krueger's mentors (John Pappenheimer and Manfred Karnovsky) and collaborators later in life, including Charles Dinarello, Louis Chedid, Mark Opp, Ferenc Obal jr., Dave Rector, Ping Taishi, Linda Toth, Jeannine Majde, Levente Kapas, Eva Szentirmai, Jidong Fang, Chris Davis, Sandip Roy, Tetsuya Kushikata, Fabio Garcia-Garcia, Ilia Karatsoreos, Mark Zielinski, and Alok De, plus many students, e.g. Jeremy Alt, Kathryn Jewett, Erika English, and Victor Leyva-Grado.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Krueger
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, USA
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3
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Irwin MR, Straub RH, Smith MT. Heat of the night: sleep disturbance activates inflammatory mechanisms and induces pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:545-559. [PMID: 37488298 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Sleep has a homeostatic role in the regulation of the immune system and serves to constrain activation of inflammatory signalling and expression of cellular inflammation. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a misaligned inflammatory profile induces a dysregulation of sleep-wake activity, which leads to excessive inflammation and the induction of increased sensitivity to pain. Given that multiple biological mechanisms contribute to sleep disturbances (such as insomnia), and that the central nervous system communicates with the innate immune system via neuroendocrine and neural effector pathways, potential exists to develop prevention opportunities to mitigate the risk of insomnia in RA. Furthermore, understanding these risk mechanisms might inform additional insomnia treatment strategies directed towards steering and reducing the magnitude of the inflammatory response, which together could influence outcomes of pain and disease activity in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behaviour, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael T Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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4
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Mahon N, Glennon JC. The Bi-directional Relationship Between Sleep and Inflammation in Muscular Dystrophies: A Narrative Review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105116. [PMID: 36870583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies vary in presentation and severity, but are associated with profound disability in many people. Although characterised by muscle weakness and wasting, there is also a very high prevalence of sleep problems and disorders which have significant impacts on quality of life in these individuals. There are no curative therapies for muscular dystrophies, with the only options for patients being supportive therapies to aid with symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic targets and a greater understanding of pathogenesis. Inflammation and altered immunity are factors which have prominent roles in some muscular dystrophies and emerging roles in others such as type 1 myotonic dystrophy, signifying a link to pathogenesis. Interestingly, there is also a strong link between inflammation/immunity and sleep. In this review, we will explore this link in the context of muscular dystrophies and how it may influence potential therapeutic targets and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Mahon
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin – eine Einschätzung der AG „Apnoe“. SOMNOLOGIE 2022; 26:144-148. [PMID: 36033925 PMCID: PMC9397178 DOI: 10.1007/s11818-022-00376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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6
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Osterhout JA, Kapoor V, Eichhorn SW, Vaughn E, Moore JD, Liu D, Lee D, DeNardo LA, Luo L, Zhuang X, Dulac C. A preoptic neuronal population controls fever and appetite during sickness. Nature 2022; 606:937-944. [PMID: 35676482 PMCID: PMC9327738 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During infection, animals exhibit adaptive changes in physiology and behaviour aimed at increasing survival. Although many causes of infection exist, they trigger similar stereotyped symptoms such as fever, warmth-seeking, loss of appetite and fatigue1,2. Yet exactly how the nervous system alters body temperature and triggers sickness behaviours to coordinate responses to infection remains unknown. Here we identify a previously uncharacterized population of neurons in the ventral medial preoptic area (VMPO) of the hypothalamus that are activated after sickness induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. These neurons are crucial for generating a fever response and other sickness symptoms such as warmth-seeking and loss of appetite. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization uncovered the identity and distribution of LPS-activated VMPO (VMPOLPS) neurons and non-neuronal cells. Gene expression and electrophysiological measurements implicate a paracrine mechanism in which the release of immune signals by non-neuronal cells during infection activates nearby VMPOLPS neurons. Finally, we show that VMPOLPS neurons exert a broad influence on the activity of brain areas associated with behavioural and homeostatic functions and are synaptically and functionally connected to circuit nodes controlling body temperature and appetite. Together, these results uncover VMPOLPS neurons as a control hub that integrates immune signals to orchestrate multiple sickness symptoms in response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Osterhout
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vikrant Kapoor
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stephen W. Eichhorn
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eric Vaughn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dean Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Laura A. DeNardo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Current address: Department of Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Catherine Dulac
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Corresponding author:
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7
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Zielinski MR, Gibbons AJ. Neuroinflammation, Sleep, and Circadian Rhythms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:853096. [PMID: 35392608 PMCID: PMC8981587 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.853096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules involved in innate immunity affect sleep and circadian oscillators and vice versa. Sleep-inducing inflammatory molecules are activated by increased waking activity and pathogens. Pathologies that alter inflammatory molecules, such as traumatic brain injury, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke often are associated with disturbed sleep and electroencephalogram power spectra. Moreover, sleep disorders, such as insomnia and sleep disordered breathing, are associated with increased dysregulation of inflammatory processes. Inflammatory molecules in both the central nervous system and periphery can alter sleep. Inflammation can also modulate cerebral vascular hemodynamics which is associated with alterations in electroencephalogram power spectra. However, further research is needed to determine the interactions of sleep regulatory inflammatory molecules and circadian clocks. The purpose of this review is to: 1) describe the role of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein-3 inflammasomes in sleep regulation, 2) to discuss the relationship between the vagus nerve in translating inflammatory signals between the periphery and central nervous system to alter sleep, and 3) to present information about the relationship between cerebral vascular hemodynamics and the electroencephalogram during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Zielinski
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States,Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Mark R. Zielinski,
| | - Allison J. Gibbons
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States
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8
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Abstract
This chapter summarizes the known associations between COVID-19 and sleep dysfunction, including insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, restless legs syndrome and nightmares, and touches upon pandemic-related considerations for obstructive sleep apnea and continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Treatment strategies and management approaches are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushanth Bhat
- Hackensack Meridian-Health JFK University Medical Center, 65 James Street, Edison, NJ, 08818, USA.
| | - Sudhansu Chokroverty
- Sleep Medicine Research, and Co-Chair Emeritus of Neurology, Hackensack Meridian-Health JFK University Medical Center, 65 James Street, Edison, NJ, 08818, USA.
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9
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Lam MTY, Malhotra A, LaBuzetta JN, Kamdar BB. Sleep in Critical Illness. Respir Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93739-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Bragazzi NL, Magnavita N, Scoditti E. Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1304. [PMID: 34795404 PMCID: PMC8602722 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern societies are experiencing an increasing trend of reduced sleep duration, with nocturnal sleeping time below the recommended ranges for health. Epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on health. Sleep exerts an immune-supportive function, promoting host defense against infection and inflammatory insults. Sleep deprivation has been associated with alterations of innate and adaptive immune parameters, leading to a chronic inflammatory state and an increased risk for infectious/inflammatory pathologies, including cardiometabolic, neoplastic, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review recent advancements on the immune responses to sleep deprivation as evidenced by experimental and epidemiological studies, the pathophysiology, and the role for the sleep deprivation-induced immune changes in increasing the risk for chronic diseases. Gaps in knowledge and methodological pitfalls still remain. Further understanding of the causal relationship between sleep deprivation and immune deregulation would help to identify individuals at risk for disease and to prevent adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Neurophysiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman/Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100, Lecce, Italy
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11
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Benedetti F, Dallaspezia S, Melloni EMT, Lorenzi C, Zanardi R, Barbini B, Colombo C. Effective Antidepressant Chronotherapeutics (Sleep Deprivation and Light Therapy) Normalize the IL-1β:IL-1ra Ratio in Bipolar Depression. Front Physiol 2021; 12:740686. [PMID: 34539454 PMCID: PMC8440979 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.740686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mood disorders associate with peripheral markers of low-grade inflammation, among which circulating levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) consistently predict diagnosis and poor outcomes. Antidepressant chronotherapeutics (total sleep deprivation and light therapy, TSD+LT) prompts response in drug-resistant bipolar depression, but its effect on peripheral inflammation were never assessed. Here we explored the effects of TSD+LT on IL-1β signaling. Methods We studied the ratio between IL-1β and its receptor antagonist (IL-1β:IL1ra) in 33 healthy participants, and in 26 inpatients with a major depressive episode in course of Bipolar Disorder, before and after treatment with three cycles of repeated TSD+LT, interspersed with sleep recovery nights, administered during 1 week. Treatment effects of mood and on IL-1β:IL1ra were analyzed in the context of the Generalized Linear Model (GLM). Results At baseline, patients had higher IL-1β, IL1ra, and IL-1β:IL1ra than controls. Treatment significantly decreased IL-1β:IL1ra, by decreasing IL-1β and increasing IL1ra, the effect being proportional to baseline levels and normalizing values. Patients with higher baseline levels showed the highest decrease in IL-1β:IL-1ra, which associated with the immediate antidepressant response at the first cycle; while patients with lower baseline values showed negligible changes in the IL-1β:IL-1ra, unrelated to treatment response. Conclusion We observed a parallel change of inflammatory biomarkers and severity of depression after chronotherapeutics, suggesting that a reduction in inflammation associated with depression could contribute to the mechanism of action of TSD+LT, and warranting interest for controlled studies addressing the role of inflammation in the recovery from bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Benedetti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Dallaspezia
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lorenzi
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Zanardi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Barbini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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12
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Choudhury ME, Miyanishi K, Takeda H, Tanaka J. Microglia and the Aging Brain: Are Geriatric Microglia Linked to Poor Sleep Quality? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157824. [PMID: 34360590 PMCID: PMC8345993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality and disrupted circadian behavior are a normal part of aging and include excessive daytime sleepiness, increased sleep fragmentation, and decreased total sleep time and sleep quality. Although the neuronal decline underlying the cellular mechanism of poor sleep has been extensively investigated, brain function is not fully dependent on neurons. A recent antemortem autographic study and postmortem RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical studies on aged human brain have investigated the relationship between sleep fragmentation and activation of the innate immune cells of the brain, microglia. In the process of aging, there are marked reductions in the number of brain microglial cells, and the depletion of microglial cells disrupts circadian rhythmicity of brain tissue. We also showed, in a previous study, that pharmacological suppression of microglial function induced sleep abnormalities. However, the mechanism underlying the contribution of microglial cells to sleep homeostasis is only beginning to be understood. This review revisits the impact of aging on the microglial population and activation, as well as microglial contribution to sleep maintenance and response to sleep loss. Most importantly, this review will answer questions such as whether there is any link between senescent microglia and age-related poor quality sleep and how this exacerbates neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E. Choudhury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Kazuya Miyanishi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Haruna Takeda
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (J.T.)
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13
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McSharry D, Lam MT, Malhotra A. OSA as a probable risk factor for severe COVID-19. J Clin Sleep Med 2020; 16:1649. [PMID: 32713422 PMCID: PMC7970598 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
McSharry D, Lam MT, Malhotra AT. OSA as a probable risk factor for severe COVID-19. J Clin Sleep Med . 2020;16(9):1649.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McSharry
- Acute Medicine, Transplant and Pulmonary Departments, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael T. Lam
- San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Atul Malhotra
- San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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14
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Del Gallo F, Bianchi S, Bertani I, Messa M, Colombo L, Balducci C, Salmona M, Imeri L, Chiesa R. Sleep inhibition induced by amyloid-β oligomers is mediated by the cellular prion protein. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13187. [PMID: 32902030 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is severely impaired in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid-β deposition in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients is a key event in its pathogenesis and is associated with disrupted sleep, even before the appearance of cognitive decline. Because soluble amyloid-β oligomers are the key mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and impair long-term memory in rodents, the first aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that amyloid-β oligomers would directly impair sleep in mice. The cellular prion protein is a cell surface glycoprotein of uncertain function. Because cellular prion protein binds oligomeric amyloid-β with high affinity and mediates some of its neurotoxic effects, the second aim of the study was to test whether amyloid-β oligomer-induced sleep alterations were mediated by cellular prion protein. To address these aims, wild-type and cellular prion protein-deficient mice were given acute intracerebroventricular injections (on different days, at lights on) of vehicle and synthetic amyloid-β oligomers. Compared to vehicle, amyloid-β oligomers significantly reduced the amount of time spent in non-rapid eye movement sleep by wild-type mice during both the light and dark phases of the light-dark cycle. The amount of time spent in rapid eye movement sleep was reduced during the dark phase. Sleep was also fragmented by amyloid-β oligomers, as the number of transitions between states increased in post-injection hours 9-24. No such effects were observed in cellular prion protein-deficient mice. These results show that amyloid-β oligomers do inhibit and fragment sleep, and that these effects are mediated by cellular prion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanna Bianchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bertani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Messa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Imeri
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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15
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Owen JE, Veasey SC. Impact of sleep disturbances on neurodegeneration: Insight from studies in animal models. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 139:104820. [PMID: 32087293 PMCID: PMC7593848 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic short sleep or extended wake periods are commonly observed in most industrialized countries. Previously neurobehavioral impairment following sleep loss was considered to be a readily reversible occurrence, normalized upon recovery sleep. Recent clinical studies suggest that chronic short sleep and sleep disruption may be risk factors for neurodegeneration. Animal models have been instrumental in determining whether disturbed sleep can injure the brain. We now understand that repeated periods of extended wakefulness across the typical sleep period and/or sleep fragmentation can have lasting effects on neurogenesis and select populations of neurons and glia. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements made using animal models of sleep loss to understand the extent and mechanisms of chronic short sleep induced neural injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Owen
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sigrid C Veasey
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Oles V, Koh KMS, Dykstra-Aiello CJ, Savenkova M, Gibbons CM, Nguyen JT, Karatsoreos I, Panchenko A, Krueger JM. Sleep- and time of day-linked RNA transcript expression in wild-type and IL1 receptor accessory protein-null mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1506-1522. [PMID: 32324480 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00839.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep regulation involves interleukin-1β (IL1) family members, TNF, and circadian clock genes. Previously, we characterized spontaneous sleep and sleep after 8 h of sleep deprivation (SD) ending at zeitgeber time (ZT)4 and ZT16 in wild-type (WT) and IL1 receptor accessory protein (AcP)- and brain-specific AcP (AcPb)-knockout (KO) mice. Here, we applied quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Spearman gene pair expression correlation methods to characterize IL1, IL1 receptor 1 (IL1R1), AcP, AcPb, Period 1 (Per1), Clock, adenosine deaminase (Ada), peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (Pglyrp1), and TNF mRNA expressions under conditions with distinct sleep phenotypes. In WT mice, IL1, IL1R1, AcP, Ada, and Clock mRNAs were higher at ZT4 (mid-sleep period) than at ZT16. mRNA expressions differed substantially in AcP and AcPb KO mice at those times. After SD ending at ZT4, only WT mice had a non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) rebound, and AcPb and IL1R1 mRNA increases were unique to WT mice. In AcPb KO mice, which have spontaneous high EEG slow wave power, AcP and Pglyrp1 mRNAs were elevated relative to WT mice at ZT4. At ZT4, the AcPb KO - WT Spearman correlation difference networks showed high positive correlations between IL1R1 and IL1, Per1, and Clock and high negative correlations between TNF and Pglyrp1 and Ada. At ZT16, the WT mice gene pair expression network was mostly negative, whereas in AcP KO mice, which have substantially more rapid eye movement sleep than WT mice, it was all positive. We conclude that gene pair expression correlations depend on the presence of AcP and AcPb.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spearman gene pair expression correlations depend upon the presence or absence of interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein and upon sleep phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslav Oles
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Khia Min Sabrina Koh
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | | | - Marina Savenkova
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Cody M Gibbons
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph T Nguyen
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Ilia Karatsoreos
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Alexander Panchenko
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - James M Krueger
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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17
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Abstract
The discovery of reciprocal connections between the central nervous system, sleep and the immune system has shown that sleep enhances immune defences and that afferent signals from immune cells promote sleep. One mechanism by which sleep is proposed to provide a survival advantage is in terms of supporting a neurally integrated immune system that might anticipate injury and infectious threats. However, in modern times, chronic social threats can drive the development of sleep disturbances in humans, which can contribute to the dysregulation of inflammatory and antiviral responses. In this Review, I describe our current understanding of the relationship between sleep dynamics and host defence mechanisms, with a focus on cytokine responses, the neuroendocrine and autonomic pathways that connect sleep with the immune system and the role of inflammatory peptides in the homeostatic regulation of sleep. Furthermore, I discuss the therapeutic potential of harnessing these reciprocal mechanisms of sleep-immune regulation to mitigate the risk of inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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18
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Bushana PN, Koberstein JN, Nguyen T, Harvey DO, Davis CJ. Performance on the mouse vibration actuating search task is compromised by sleep deprivation. J Neurophysiol 2019; 123:600-607. [PMID: 31891527 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00826.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As we go about our daily routines we are continuously bombarded with environmental feedback that requires appraisal and response. Sleep loss can compromise the efficiency by which these cognitive processes function. Operationally, poor performance caused by insufficient sleep translates to increased health and safety risks in settings where attention and timely and/or accurate decisions to respond are critical (e.g., at work, on the road, etc.). Current rodent tasks that assess altered cognition after sleep deprivation (SD) do not accurately model the continuous multisensory feedback that informs goal-oriented behavior in humans. Herein, we describe the vibration actuating search task (VAST), which consists of a vibrating open field with pseudo-randomly selected entrance and target destination points. To successfully complete a trial, mice use feedback from rotary motor-induced floor vibrations to navigate from the entrance point to the target destination. Sets of 20 trials were conducted on 3 consecutive days, and before testing on the third day control mice were undisturbed while other mice were sleep deprived for 10 h. On the first 2 days mice learned the task with high success rates. Alternatively, VAST performance was compromised following SD as measured by increased failures in task completion, time to target, time spent immobile, and decreased speed as compared with undisturbed mice. The VAST enables the analysis of continuous feedback via multiple sensory modalities in mice and is applicable to a variety of operational settings.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The vibration actuating search task (VAST) is a novel performance assay that uses continuous auditory and haptic feedback to motivate and direct search behaviors in mice. The VAST is rapidly acquired by mice and performance is disrupted by sleep deprivation. The VAST has practical application in occupational settings. The cognitive aspects of the sensorimotor integration in the VAST may prove useful for rodent models of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N Bushana
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington.,Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - John N Koberstein
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington
| | - Theresa Nguyen
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington
| | - Daniel O Harvey
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington
| | - Christopher J Davis
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington.,Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington.,Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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19
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Zielinski MR, Atochin DN, McNally JM, McKenna JT, Huang PL, Strecker RE, Gerashchenko D. Somatostatin+/nNOS+ neurons are involved in delta electroencephalogram activity and cortical-dependent recognition memory. Sleep 2019; 42:zsz143. [PMID: 31328777 PMCID: PMC6783898 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-wave activity (SWA) is an oscillatory neocortical activity occurring in the electroencephalogram delta (δ) frequency range (~0.5-4 Hz) during nonrapid eye movement sleep. SWA is a reliable indicator of sleep homeostasis after acute sleep loss and is involved in memory processes. Evidence suggests that cortical neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expressing neurons that coexpress somatostatin (SST) play a key role in regulating SWA. However, previous studies lacked selectivity in targeting specific types of neurons that coexpress nNOS-cells which are activated in the cortex after sleep loss. We produced a mouse model that knocks out nNOS expression in neurons that coexpress SST throughout the cortex. Mice lacking nNOS expression in SST positive neurons exhibited significant impairments in both homeostatic low-δ frequency range SWA production and a recognition memory task that relies on cortical input. These results highlight that SST+/nNOS+ neurons are involved in the SWA homeostatic response and cortex-dependent recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Zielinski
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - James M McNally
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA
| | - James T McKenna
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Robert E Strecker
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA
| | - Dmitry Gerashchenko
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA
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20
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Nguyen J, Gibbons CM, Dykstra-Aiello C, Ellingsen R, Koh KMS, Taishi P, Krueger JM. Interleukin-1 receptor accessory proteins are required for normal homeostatic responses to sleep deprivation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:770-780. [PMID: 31295066 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00366.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL1) is a sleep regulatory substance. The IL1/IL1 type 1 receptor complex requires a receptor accessory protein (AcP) to signal. There are three isoforms of AcP. In the current experiments, mice lacking a neuron-specific isoform, called AcPb knockout (AcPb KO), or mice lacking AcP + AcPb isoforms (AcP KO) or wild-type (WT) mice were used. Spontaneous sleep and sleep responses to sleep deprivation (SD) between zeitgeber time (ZT) 20-ZT4 and ZT8-ZT16 were characterized. Furthermore, somatosensory cortical protein extracts were examined for phosphorylated (p) proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase sarcoma (Src) and p38MAPK levels at ZT4 and ZT16 and after SD. Spontaneous sleep was similar in the three strains, except rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) duration between ZT12-ZT16 was greater in AcP KO than WT mice. After SD at ZT4, only WT mice had non-REMS (NREMS) rebounds. All mouse strains lacked an NREMS rebound after SD at ZT16. All strains after both SD periods had REMS rebounds. AcPb KO mice, but not AcP KO mice, had greater EEG delta wave (0.5-4 Hz) power during NREMS than WT mice. p-Src was very low at ZT16 but high at ZT4, whereas p-p38MAPK was low at ZT4 and high at ZT16. p-p38MAPK levels were not sensitive to SD. In contrast, p-Src levels were less after SD at the P = 0.08 level of significance in the strains lacking AcPb. We conclude that AcPb is required for NREMS responses to sleep loss, but not for SD-induced EEG delta wave or REMS responses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Interleukin-1β (IL1), a well-characterized sleep regulatory substance, requires an IL1 receptor accessory protein (AcP); one of its isoforms is neuron-specific (called AcPb). We showed that in mice, AcPb is required for nonrapid eye movement sleep responses following 8 h of sleep loss ending 4 h after daybreak but did not affect rapid eye movement sleep rebound. Sleep loss reduced phosphorylation of proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase sarcoma but not of the less sensitive p38MAPK, downstream IL1 signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Nguyen
- Department Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Cody M Gibbons
- School of Medicine University of Washington, Spokane, Washington
| | - Cheryl Dykstra-Aiello
- Department Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | | | - Khia Min Sabrina Koh
- Department Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Ping Taishi
- Department Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - James M Krueger
- Department Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
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21
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Nguyen JT, Sahabandu D, Taishi P, Xue M, Jewett K, Dykstra-Aiello C, Roy S, Krueger JM. The neuron-specific interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein alters emergent network state properties in Vitro. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2019; 6:35-43. [PMID: 31106280 PMCID: PMC6519741 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small in vitro neuronal/glial networks exhibit sleep-like states. Sleep regulatory substance interleukin-1β (IL1) signals via its type I receptor and a receptor accessory protein (AcP). AcP has a neuron-specific isoform called AcPb. After sleep deprivation, AcPb, but not AcP, upregulates in brain, and mice lacking AcPb lack sleep rebound. Herein we used action potentials (APs), AP burstiness, synchronization of electrical activity (SYN), and delta wave (0.5–3.75 Hz) power to characterize cortical culture network state. Homologous parameters are used in vivo to characterize sleep. Cortical cells from 1–2-day-old pups from AcP knockout (KO, lacking both AcP and AcPb), AcPb KO (lacking only AcPb), and wild type (WT) mice were cultured separately on multi-electrode arrays. Recordings of spontaneous activity were taken each day during days 4–14 in vitro. In addition, cultures were treated with IL1, or in separate experiments, stimulated electrically to determine evoked response potentials (ERPs). In AcP KO cells, the maturation of network properties accelerated compared to those from cells lacking only AcPb. In contrast, the lack of AcPb delayed spontaneous network emergence of sleep-linked properties. The addition of IL1 enhanced delta wave power in WT cells but not in AcP KO or AcPb KO cells. The ontology of electrically-induced ERPs was delayed in AcP KO cells. We conclude IL1 signaling has a critical role in the emergence of sleep-linked network behavior with AcP playing a dominant role in the slowing of development while AcPb enhances development rates of sleep-linked emergent network properties. Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (AcP) is required for normal development of neuronal/glial network emergent electrophysiological properties. The neuron-specific isoform of AcP, AcPb, is required for enhancement of delta wave power by interleukin-1. Results provide further support for a) interleukin-1’s involvement in sleep regulation b) that it enhances sleep via AcPb and c) that sleep is a property of mature neuronal/glial networks whether in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Dinuka Sahabandu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ping Taishi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Mengran Xue
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Kathryn Jewett
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington. Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cheryl Dykstra-Aiello
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Sandip Roy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - James M. Krueger
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University Spokane, WA, USA
- Correspondence to: P.O. Box 1495 Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.
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22
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Krueger JM, Nguyen JT, Dykstra-Aiello CJ, Taishi P. Local sleep. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 43:14-21. [PMID: 30502497 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The historic sleep regulatory paradigm invokes "top-down" imposition of sleep on the brain by sleep regulatory circuits. While remaining conceptually useful, many sleep phenomena are difficult to explain using that paradigm, including, unilateral sleep, sleep-walking, and poor performance after sleep deprivation. Further, all animals sleep after non-lethal brain lesions, regardless of whether the lesion includes sleep regulatory circuits, suggesting that sleep is a fundamental property of small viable neuronal/glial networks. That small areas of the brain can exhibit non-rapid eye movement sleep-like states is summarized. Further, sleep-like states in neuronal/glial cultures are described. The local sleep states, whether in vivo or in vitro, share electrophysiological properties and molecular regulatory components with whole animal sleep and exhibit sleep homeostasis. The molecular regulatory components of sleep are also involved in plasticity and inflammation. Like sleep, these processes, are initiated by local cell-activity dependent events, yet have at higher levels of tissue organization whole body functions. While there are large literatures dealing with local initiation and regulation of plasticity and inflammation, the literature surrounding local sleep is in its infancy and clinical applications of the local sleep concept are absent. Regardless, the local use-dependent sleep paradigm can advise and advance future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Krueger
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - Joseph T Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Cheryl J Dykstra-Aiello
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Ping Taishi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA
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23
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Dispersyn G, Sauvet F, Gomez-Merino D, Ciret S, Drogou C, Leger D, Gallopin T, Chennaoui M. The homeostatic and circadian sleep recovery responses after total sleep deprivation in mice. J Sleep Res 2017; 26:531-538. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Garance Dispersyn
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA); Brétigny sur Orge France
- VIFASOM EA 7330 Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA); Brétigny sur Orge France
- VIFASOM EA 7330 Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA); Brétigny sur Orge France
- VIFASOM EA 7330 Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Sylvain Ciret
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA); Brétigny sur Orge France
| | - Catherine Drogou
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA); Brétigny sur Orge France
- VIFASOM EA 7330 Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Damien Leger
- VIFASOM EA 7330 Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance; Paris France
| | | | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA); Brétigny sur Orge France
- VIFASOM EA 7330 Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
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24
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Tarakanov AO, Bechter K, Fuxe K. IL1R2, CCR2, and CXCR4 May Form Heteroreceptor Complexes with NMDAR and D2R: Relevance for Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:24. [PMID: 28261115 PMCID: PMC5309215 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mild neuroinflammation hypothesis of schizophrenia was introduced by Bechter in 2001. It has been hypothesized that a hypofunction of glutamatergic signaling via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and hyperactivation of dopamine D2 receptors play a role in schizophrenia. The triplet puzzle theory states that sets of triplet amino acid homologies guide two different receptors toward each other and contributes to the formation of a receptor heteromer. It is, therefore, proposed that putative NMDAR-C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), NMDAR-C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and NMDAR- interleukin 1 receptor type II (IL1R2) heteromers can be formed in the neuronal networks in mild neuroinflammation due to demonstration of Gly-Leu-Leu (GLL), Val-Ser-Thr (VST), and/or Ser-Val-Ser (SVS) amino acid homologies between these receptor protomers. This molecular process may underlie the ability to produce symptoms of schizophrenia in mild neuroinflammation. In this state, volume transmission (VT) is increased involving increased extracellular vesicle-mediated VT from microglia and astroglia. These vesicles may contain CCR2, CXCR4, and/or IL1R2 as well as their ligands and upon internalization by endocytic pathways into neurons can form heteroreceptor complexes with NMDAR in the plasma membrane with pathological allosteric receptor-receptor interactions involving increased internalization and reduced NMDAR signaling. The triplet puzzle theory also suggests the formation of putative D2R-CCR2, D2R-CXCR4, and D2R-IL1R2 heteromers in mild neuroinflammation in view of their demonstrated sets of Leu-Tyr-Ser (LYS), Leu-Pro-Phe (LPF), and/or Ser-Leu-Ala (SLA) triplet homologies. These D2R heteroreceptor complexes may also contribute to schizophrenia-like symptoms in mild neuroinflammation by enhancing D2R protomer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy; Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Alexander O Tarakanov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation , Saint Petersburg , Russia
| | - Karl Bechter
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg , Günzburg , Germany
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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25
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Davis CJ, Zielinski MR, Dunbrasky D, Taishi P, Dinarello CA, Krueger JM. Interleukin 37 expression in mice alters sleep responses to inflammatory agents and influenza virus infection. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2016; 3:1-9. [PMID: 28070566 PMCID: PMC5218600 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple interactions between the immune system and sleep are known, including the effects of microbial challenge on sleep or the effects of sleep loss on facets of the immune response. Cytokines regulate, in part, sleep and immune responses. Here we examine the role of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-37 (IL-37) on sleep in a mouse strain that expresses human IL-37b (IL37tg mice). Constitutive expression of the IL-37 gene in the brains of these mice under resting conditions is low; however, upon an inflammatory stimulus, expression increases dramatically. We measured sleep in three conditions; (a) under baseline conditions and after 6 h of sleep loss, (b) after bolus intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or IL-1β and (c) after intranasal influenza virus challenge. Under baseline conditions, the IL37tg mice had 7% more spontaneous non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) during the light period than wild-type (WT) mice. After sleep deprivation both WT mice and IL37tg mice slept an extra 21% and 12%, respectively, during the first 6 h of recovery. NREMS responses after sleep deprivation did not significantly differ between WT mice and IL37tg mice. However, in response to either IL-1β or LPS, the increases in time spent in NREMS were about four-fold greater in the WT mice than in the IL37tg mice. In contrast, in response to a low dose of mouse-adapted H1N1 influenza virus, sleep responses developed slowly over the 6 day recording period. By day 6, NREMS increased by 10% and REMS increased by 18% in the IL37tg mice compared to the WT mice. Further, by day 4 IL37tg mice lost less weight, remained more active, and retained their body temperatures closer to baseline values than WT mice. We conclude that conditions that promote IL-37 expression attenuate morbidity to severe inflammatory challenge. Sleep responses to mild acute sleep deprivation are similar in mice transgenic for interleukin-37 (IL37tg) IL37tg and wild type (WT) mice. Sleep responses induced by either IL-β or LPS are greatly attenuated in IL37tg mice compared to WT mice. After influenza virus challenge, IL37tg mice have reduced morbidities and enhanced sleep responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Davis
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA 99210-1495
| | - Mark R Zielinski
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA 99210-1495; VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, USA 02312; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, USA 02312
| | - Danielle Dunbrasky
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA 99210-1495
| | - Ping Taishi
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA 99210-1495
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA 80045; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James M Krueger
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA 99210-1495
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26
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Abstract
Sleep is profoundly altered during the course of infectious diseases. The typical response to infection includes an initial increase in nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) followed by an inhibition in NREMS. REMS is inhibited during infections. Bacterial cell wall components, such as peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide, macrophage digests of these components, such as muramyl peptides, and viral products, such as viral double-stranded RNA, trigger sleep responses. They do so via pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition receptors that, in turn, enhance cytokine production. Altered sleep and associated sleep-facilitated fever responses are likely adaptive responses to infection. Normal sleep in physiological conditions may also be influenced by gut microbes because the microbiota is affected by circadian rhythms, stressors, diet, and exercise. Furthermore, sleep loss enhances translocation of viable bacteria from the intestine, which provides another means by which sleep-microbe interactions impact neurobiology.
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27
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Krueger JM, Frank MG, Wisor JP, Roy S. Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma. Sleep Med Rev 2016; 28:46-54. [PMID: 26447948 PMCID: PMC4769986 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sleep function remains controversial. Individual perspectives frame the issue of sleep function differently. We briefly illustrate how sleep measurement and the evolution, tissue organization levels, molecular mechanisms, and regulation of sleep could influence one's view of sleep function. Then we discuss six viable theories of sleep function. Sleep serves host-defense mechanisms and conserves caloric expenditures, but these functions likely are opportunistic functions evolving later in evolution. That sleep replenishes brain energy stores and that sleep serves a glymphatic function by removing toxic byproducts of waking activity are attractive ideas, but lack extensive supporting experimental evidence. That sleep restores performance is experimentally demonstrated and has obvious evolutionary value. However, this hypothesis lacks experimentally verified mechanisms although ideas relating to this issue are presented. Finally, the ideas surrounding the broad hypothesis that sleep serves a connectivity/plasticity function are many and attractive. There is experimental evidence that connectivity changes with sleep, sleep loss, and with changing afferent input, and that those changes are linked to sleep regulatory mechanisms. In our view, this is the leading contender for the primordial function of sleep. However, much refinement of ideas and innovative experimental approaches are needed to clarify the sleep-connectivity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Krueger
- College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - Marcos G Frank
- College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Wisor
- College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Sandip Roy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington State University-Pullman, WA, USA
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Ingiosi AM, Opp MR. Sleep and immunomodulatory responses to systemic lipopolysaccharide in mice selectively expressing interleukin-1 receptor 1 on neurons or astrocytes. Glia 2016; 64:780-91. [PMID: 26775112 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-wake behavior is altered in response to immune challenge. Although the precise mechanisms that govern sickness-induced changes in sleep are not fully understood, interleukin-1β (IL-1) is one mediator of these responses. To better understand mechanisms underlying sleep and inflammatory responses to immune challenge, we used two transgenic mouse strains that express IL-1 receptor 1 (IL1R1) only in the central nervous system and selectively on neurons or astrocytes. Electroencephalographic recordings from transgenic and wild-type mice reveal that systemic challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fragments sleep, suppresses rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), increases non-REMS (NREMS), diminishes NREM delta power, and induces fever in all genotypes. However, the magnitude of REMS suppression is greater in mice expressing IL1R1 on astrocytes compared with mice in which IL1R1 is selectively expressed on neurons. Furthermore, there is a delayed increase in NREM delta power when IL1R1 is expressed on astrocytes. LPS-induced sleep fragmentation is reduced in mice expressing IL1R1 on neurons. Although LPS increases IL-1 and IL-6 in brain of all genotypes, this response is attenuated when IL1R1 is expressed selectively on neurons or on astrocytes. Collectively, these data suggest that in these transgenic mice under the conditions of this study it is neuronal IL1R1 that plays a greater role in LPS-induced suppression of REMS and NREM delta power, whereas astroglial IL1R1 is more important for sleep fragmentation after this immune challenge. Thus, aspects of central responses to LPS are modulated by IL1R1 in a cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Ingiosi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark R Opp
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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