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Pramanik S, Devi M H, Chakrabarty S, Paylar B, Pradhan A, Thaker M, Ayyadhury S, Manavalan A, Olsson PE, Pramanik G, Heese K. Microglia signaling in health and disease - Implications in sex-specific brain development and plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 165:105834. [PMID: 39084583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the intrinsic neuroimmune cells residing in the central nervous system (CNS), exert a pivotal influence on brain development, homeostasis, and functionality, encompassing critical roles during both aging and pathological states. Recent advancements in comprehending brain plasticity and functions have spotlighted conspicuous variances between male and female brains, notably in neurogenesis, neuronal myelination, axon fasciculation, and synaptogenesis. Nevertheless, the precise impact of microglia on sex-specific brain cell plasticity, sculpting diverse neural network architectures and circuits, remains largely unexplored. This article seeks to unravel the present understanding of microglial involvement in brain development, plasticity, and function, with a specific emphasis on microglial signaling in brain sex polymorphism. Commencing with an overview of microglia in the CNS and their associated signaling cascades, we subsequently probe recent revelations regarding molecular signaling by microglia in sex-dependent brain developmental plasticity, functions, and diseases. Notably, C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), calcium (Ca2+), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) emerge as molecular candidates significantly contributing to sex-dependent brain development and plasticity. In conclusion, we address burgeoning inquiries surrounding microglia's pivotal role in the functional diversity of developing and aging brains, contemplating their potential implications for gender-tailored therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Harini Devi M
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Saswata Chakrabarty
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Berkay Paylar
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Manisha Thaker
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Inc., 2425 New Holland Pike, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA
| | - Shamini Ayyadhury
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Arulmani Manavalan
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Gopal Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India.
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133791, the Republic of Korea.
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2
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Ge TQ, Guan PP, Wang P. Complement 3a induces the synapse loss via C3aR in mitochondria-dependent NLRP3 activating mechanisms during the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 165:105868. [PMID: 39218048 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
As a central molecule in complement system (CS), complement (C) 3 is upregulated in the patients and animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). C3 will metabolize to iC3b and C3a. iC3b is responsible for clearing β-amyloid protein (Aβ). In this scenario, C3 exerts neuroprotective effects against the disease via iC3b. However, C3a will inhibit microglia to clear the Aβ, leading to the deposition of Aβ and impair the functions of synapses. To their effects on AD, activation of C3a and C3a receptor (C3aR) will impair the mitochondria, leading to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activates the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes. The overloading of NLRP3 inflammasomes activate microglia, leading to the formation of inflammatory environment. The inflammatory environment will facilitate the deposition of Aβ and abnormal synapse pruning, which results in the progression of AD. Therefore, the current review will decipher the mechanisms of C3a inducing the synapse loss via C3aR in mitochondria-dependent NLRP3 activating mechanisms, which facilitates the understanding the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Qi Ge
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, PR China; College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China.
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, PR China.
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3
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Hwang M, Bergmann CC. Neurotropic murine coronavirus mediated demyelination: Factors dampening pathogenesis. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 393:578382. [PMID: 38850674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Virus infections and autoimmune responses are implicated as primary triggers of demyelinating diseases. Specifically, the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection with development of multiple sclerosis (MS) has re-ignited an interest in virus induced autoimmune responses to CNS antigens. Nevertheless, demyelination may also be caused by immune mediated bystander pathology in an attempt to control direct infection in the CNS. Tissue damage as a result of anti-viral responses or low level viral persistence may lead to immune activation manifesting in demyelinating lesions, axonal damage and clinical symptoms. This review focuses on the neurotropic mouse coronavirus induced demyelination model to highlight how immune responses activated during the acute phase pave the way to dampen pathology and promote repair. We specifically discuss the role of immune dampening factors programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and interleukin (IL)-10, as well as microglia and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2), in limiting demyelination independent of viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Hwang
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA; Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cornelia C Bergmann
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA; Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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4
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Vieira CP, Lelis CA, Ochioni AC, Rosário DKA, Rosario ILS, Vieira IRS, Carvalho APA, Janeiro JM, da Costa MP, Lima FRS, Mariante RM, Alves LA, Foguel D, Junior CAC. Estimating the therapeutic potential of NSAIDs and linoleic acid-isomers supplementation against neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116884. [PMID: 38889635 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) regulate inflammation, which is associated with their role in preventing neurodegenerative diseases in epidemiological studies. It has sparked interest in their unconventional application for reducing neuroinflammation, opening up new avenues in biomedical research. However, given the pharmacological drawbacks of NSAIDs, the development of formulations with naturally antioxidant/anti-inflammatory dietary fatty acids has been demonstrated to be advantageous for the clinical translation of anti-inflammatory-based therapies. It includes improved blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and reduced toxicity. It permits us to speculate about the value of linoleic acid (LA)-isomers in preventing and treating neuroinflammatory diseases compared to NSAIDs. Our research delved into the impact of various factors, such as administration route, dosage, timing of intervention, and BBB permeability, on the efficacy of NSAIDs and LA-isomers in preclinical and clinical settings. We conducted a systematic comparison between NSAIDs and LA-isomers regarding their therapeutic effectiveness, BBB compatibility, and side effects. Additionally, we explored their underlying mechanisms in addressing neuroinflammation. Through our analysis, we've identified challenges and drawn conclusions that could propel advancements in treating neurodegenerative diseases and inform the development of future alternative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Paulo Vieira
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil; Cellular Communication Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Carini A Lelis
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Alan Clavelland Ochioni
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Denes Kaic A Rosário
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Iuri L S Rosario
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil; Laboratory of Inspection and Technology of Milk and Derivatives (LaITLácteos), School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnies, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Italo Rennan S Vieira
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula A Carvalho
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - José Marcos Janeiro
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Marion P da Costa
- Laboratory of Inspection and Technology of Milk and Derivatives (LaITLácteos), School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnies, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-110, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science (PGAli), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Flavia R S Lima
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Mariante
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Anastácio Alves
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Debora Foguel
- Laboratory of Protein Aggregation and Amyloidosis, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte Junior
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil.
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5
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Popov VA, Ukraintseva SV, Duan H, Yashin AI, Arbeev KG. Traffic-related air pollution and APOE4 can synergistically affect hippocampal volume in older women: new findings from UK Biobank. FRONTIERS IN DEMENTIA 2024; 3:1402091. [PMID: 39135618 PMCID: PMC11317402 DOI: 10.3389/frdem.2024.1402091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
A growing research body supports the connection between neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. A deeper investigation of TRAP effects on hippocampal volume (HV), a major biomarker of neurodegeneration, may help clarify these mechanisms. Here, we explored TRAP associations with the HV in older participants of the UK Biobank (UKB), taking into account the presence of APOE e4 allele (APOE4), the strongest genetic risk factor for AD. Exposure to TRAP was approximated by the distance of the participant's main residence to the nearest major road (DNMR). The left/right HV was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in cubic millimeters (mm3). Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Welch test, and regression were used to examine statistical significance. We found significant interactions between DNMR and APOE4 that influenced HV. Specifically, DNMR <50m (equivalent of a chronically high exposure to TRAP), and carrying APOE4 were synergistically associated with a significant (P = 0.01) reduction in the right HV by about 2.5% in women aged 60-75 years (results for men didn't reach a statistical significance). Results of our study suggest that TRAP and APOE4 jointly promote neurodegeneration in women. Living farther from major roads may help reduce the risks of neurodegenerative disorders, including AD, in female APOE4 carriers.
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6
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Shippy DC, Evered AH, Ulland TK. Ketone body metabolism and the NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38989642 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder and the most common form of dementia. AD pathology is characterized by senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, respectively. Neuroinflammation has been shown to drive Aβ and tau pathology, with evidence suggesting the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as a key pathway in AD pathogenesis. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia, the primary immune effector cells of the brain, results in caspase-1 activation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Recent studies have demonstrated a dramatic interplay between the metabolic state and effector functions of immune cells. Microglial metabolism in AD is of particular interest, as ketone bodies (acetone, acetoacetate (AcAc), and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB)) serve as an alternative energy source when glucose utilization is compromised in the brain of patients with AD. Furthermore, reduced cerebral glucose metabolism concomitant with increased BHB levels has been demonstrated to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we review the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and microglial ketone body metabolism in AD pathogenesis. We also highlight NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition by several ketone body therapies as a promising new treatment strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Shippy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abigail H Evered
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tyler K Ulland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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7
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Pizzirusso G, Preka E, Goikolea J, Aguilar-Ruiz C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez P, Vazquez-Cabrera G, Laterza S, Latorre-Leal M, Eroli F, Blomgren K, Maioli S, Nilsson P, Fragkopoulou A, Fisahn A, Arroyo-García LE. Dynamic microglia alterations associate with hippocampal network impairments: A turning point in amyloid pathology progression. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:286-300. [PMID: 38608739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder causing memory loss and cognitive decline. The underlying causes of cognitive deterioration and neurodegeneration remain unclear, leading to a lack of effective strategies to prevent dementia. Recent evidence highlights the role of neuroinflammation, particularly involving microglia, in Alzheimer's disease onset and progression. Characterizing the initial phase of Alzheimer's disease can lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, facilitating timely interventions for effective treatments. We used the AppNL-G-F knock-in mouse model, which resembles the amyloid pathology and neuroinflammatory characteristics of Alzheimer's disease, to investigate the transition from a pre-plaque to an early plaque stage with a combined functional and molecular approach. Our experiments show a progressive decrease in the power of cognition-relevant hippocampal gamma oscillations during the early stage of amyloid pathology, together with a modification of fast-spiking interneuron intrinsic properties and postsynaptic input. Consistently, transcriptomic analyses revealed that these effects are accompanied by changes in synaptic function-associated pathways. Concurrently, homeostasis- and inflammatory-related microglia signature genes were downregulated. Moreover, we found a decrease in Iba1-positive microglia in the hippocampus that correlates with plaque aggregation and neuronal dysfunction. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that microglia play a protective role during the early stages of amyloid pathology by preventing plaque aggregation, supporting neuronal homeostasis, and overall preserving the oscillatory network's functionality. These results suggest that the early alteration of microglia dynamics could be a pivotal event in the progression of Alzheimer's disease, potentially triggering plaque deposition, impairment of fast-spiking interneurons, and the breakdown of the oscillatory circuitry in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Pizzirusso
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Efthalia Preka
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Julen Goikolea
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Celia Aguilar-Ruiz
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Patricia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | - Simona Laterza
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Maria Latorre-Leal
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Francesca Eroli
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Maioli
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | - André Fisahn
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - Luis Enrique Arroyo-García
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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8
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Zhu W, Zhang H, Niu T, Liu K, Fareeduddin Mohammed Farooqui H, Sun R, Chen X, Yuan Y, Wang S. Microglial SCAP deficiency protects against diabetes-associated cognitive impairment through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:154-170. [PMID: 38570101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced pathological microglial responses and subsequent neuronal damage are notable characteristics of diabetes-associated cognitive impairment (DACI). Cholesterol accumulation in the brain is a prevalent consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbating pathological microglial responses. Regarding disordered glucose and lipid metabolism, the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), a cholesterol sensor, exhibits increased expression and abnormal translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, amplifying the inflammatory response. Therefore, we hypothesized that overexpression of microglia-SCAP and cholesterol accumulation in DM mice could induce pathological microglial responses associated with DACI. Our type 2 DM mice model presented an abnormal increase in microglial SCAP expression. The functional loss of microglia-specific SCAP in DM mice improved cognitive impairment, neuronal synaptic plasticity deficits, and abnormal microglial responses. Mechanistically, the accumulated SCAP directly bound to and enhanced the activation of the microglial-specific inflammatory amplifier, NLRP3 inflammasome, in Golgi, thereby increasing pathological microglial responses and promoting neuronal damage. These findings indicate an important regulatory axis of microglial responses from SCAP to the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in microglia. These underscore the crosstalk between cholesterol disorders and pathological microglial responses, offering a promising avenue for pharmaceutical interventions in DACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tong Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kunyu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huzaifa Fareeduddin Mohammed Farooqui
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruoyu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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9
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Shen L, Li Y, Zhao H. Fibroblast growth factor signaling in macrophage polarization: impact on health and diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1390453. [PMID: 38962005 PMCID: PMC11219802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1390453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a versatile family of peptide growth factors that are involved in various biological functions, including cell growth and differentiation, embryonic development, angiogenesis, and metabolism. Abnormal FGF/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases such as cancer, metabolic diseases, and inflammatory diseases. It is worth noting that macrophage polarization, which involves distinct functional phenotypes, plays a crucial role in tissue repair, homeostasis maintenance, and immune responses. Recent evidence suggests that FGF/FGFR signaling closely participates in the polarization of macrophages, indicating that they could be potential targets for therapeutic manipulation of diseases associated with dysfunctional macrophages. In this article, we provide an overview of the structure, function, and downstream regulatory pathways of FGFs, as well as crosstalk between FGF signaling and macrophage polarization. Additionally, we summarize the potential application of harnessing FGF signaling to modulate macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital/The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital/The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Huakan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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10
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Geng C, Chen C. Association between elevated systemic inflammatory markers and the risk of cognitive decline progression: a longitudinal study. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07654-x. [PMID: 38890170 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic systemic inflammation is linked to cognitive decline pathogenesis. This study investigates the association between systemic inflammation markers and cognitive decline progression in a clinical cohort. METHODS This prospective observational cohort study enrolled 295 participants. Cognitive decline progression was defined by an increase in clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores. The study examines the correlation between systemic inflammation markers, including systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PIV), and cognitive impairment progression. RESULTS The presence of the APOE 4 allele and diabetes mellitus was associated with elevated PIV levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, AD patients had the highest SII levels, indicating increased inflammation compared to individuals with MCI and SCD (P < 0.05). After a mean follow-up of 17 months, 117 patients (51.31%) experienced cognitive decline progression. AD diagnosis, CDR, and SII were significant predictors of cognitive decline progression (All P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study highlights the clinical significance of elevated systemic inflammation markers in identifying individuals at risk of cognitive decline. Addressing inflammation may offer a promising approach to improving cognitive health and mitigating age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Geng
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Street, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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11
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Dhapola R, Sharma P, Kumari S, Bhatti JS, HariKrishnaReddy D. Environmental Toxins and Alzheimer's Disease: a Comprehensive Analysis of Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Modulation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3657-3677. [PMID: 38006469 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Inorganic and organic hazards, susceptibility to harmful metals, pesticides, agrochemicals, and air pollution are major environmental concerns. As merely 5% of AD cases are directly inherited indicating that these environmental factors play a major role in disease development. Long-term exposure to environmental toxins is believed to progress neuropathology, which leads to the development of AD. Numerous in-vitro and in-vivo studies have suggested the harmful impact of environmental toxins at cellular and molecular level. Common mechanisms involved in the toxicity of these environmental pollutants include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal tau, and APP processing. Increased expression of GSK-3β, BACE-1, TNF-α, and pro-apoptotic molecules like caspases is observed upon exposure to these environmental toxins. In addition, the expression of neurotrophins like BDNF and GAP-43 have been found to be reduced as a result of toxicity. Further, modulation of signaling pathways involving PARP-1, PGC-1α, and MAPK/ERK induced by toxins have been reported to contribute in AD pathogenesis. These pathways are a promising target for developing novel AD therapeutics. Drugs like epigallocatechin-gallate, neflamapimod, salsalate, dexmedetomidine, and atabecestat are in different phases of clinical trials targeting the pathways for possible treatment of AD. This review aims to culminate the correlation between environmental toxicants and AD development. We emphasized upon the signaling pathways involved in the progression of the disease and the therapeutics under clinical trial targeting the altered pathways for possible treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Dhapola
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151 401, India
| | - Prajjwal Sharma
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151 401, India
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151 401, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151 401, India
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151 401, India.
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12
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Islam R, Choudhary H, Rajan R, Vrionis F, Hanafy KA. An overview on microglial origin, distribution, and phenotype in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e30829. [PMID: 35822939 PMCID: PMC9837313 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that is responsible for about one-third of dementia cases worldwide. It is believed that AD is initiated with the deposition of Ab plaques in the brain. Genetic studies have shown that a high number of AD risk genes are expressed by microglia, the resident macrophages of brain. Common mode of action by microglia cells is neuroinflammation and phagocytosis. Moreover, it has been discovered that inflammatory marker levels are increased in AD patients. Recent studies advocate that neuroinflammation plays a major role in AD progression. Microglia have different activation profiles depending on the region of brain and stimuli. In different activation, profile microglia can generate either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. Microglia defend brain cells from pathogens and respond to injuries; also, microglia can lead to neuronal death along the way. In this review, we will bring the different roles played by microglia and microglia-related genes in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezwanul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Hadi Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Robin Rajan
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Frank Vrionis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Khalid A. Hanafy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
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13
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Zhang H, Cai W, Dong L, Yang Q, Li Q, Ran Q, Liu L, Wang Y, Li Y, Weng X, Zhu X, Chen Y. Jiaohong pills attenuate neuroinflammation and amyloid-β protein-induced cognitive deficits by modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa-B pathway. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:222-233. [PMID: 38177948 PMCID: PMC11228096 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jiaohong pills (JHP) consist of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli (PZ) and Radix Rehmanniae, two herbs that have been extensively investigated over many years due to their potential protective effects against cognitive decline and memory impairment. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects remain elusive. Here, research studies were conducted to investigate and validate the therapeutic effects of JHP on Alzheimer's disease. METHODS BV-2 cell inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide. AD mice were administered amyloid-β (Aβ). Behavioral experiments were used to evaluate learning and memory ability. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the phosphorylation level of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were detected using Western blot. Nissl staining was used to detect neuronal degeneration. RESULTS The results demonstrated that an alcoholic extract of PZ significantly decreased the levels of NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS; increased the expression level of IL-10; and significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of MAPK and NF-κB. These inhibitory effects were further confirmed in the AD mouse model. Meanwhile, JHP improved learning and memory function in AD mice, reduced neuronal damage, and enriched the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus. Moreover, IL-1β and TNF-α in the cortex were significantly downregulated after JHP administration, whereas IL-10 showed increased expression. CONCLUSIONS It was found that JHP reduced neuroinflammatory response in AD mice by targeting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijinchuan Dong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsen Ran
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Eskandari-Sedighi G, Crichton M, Zia S, Gomez-Cardona E, Cortez LM, Patel ZH, Takahashi-Yamashiro K, St Laurent CD, Sidhu G, Sarkar S, Aghanya V, Sim VL, Tan Q, Julien O, Plemel JR, Macauley MS. Alzheimer's disease associated isoforms of human CD33 distinctively modulate microglial cell responses in 5XFAD mice. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:42. [PMID: 38802940 PMCID: PMC11129479 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia play diverse pathophysiological roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with genetic susceptibility factors skewing microglial cell function to influence AD risk. CD33 is an immunomodulatory receptor associated with AD susceptibility through a single nucleotide polymorphism that modulates mRNA splicing, skewing protein expression from a long protein isoform (CD33M) to a short isoform (CD33m). Understanding how human CD33 isoforms differentially impact microglial cell function in vivo has been challenging due to functional divergence of CD33 between mice and humans. We address this challenge by studying transgenic mice expressing either of the human CD33 isoforms crossed with the 5XFAD mouse model of amyloidosis and find that human CD33 isoforms have opposing effects on the response of microglia to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. Mice expressing CD33M have increased Aβ levels, more diffuse plaques, fewer disease-associated microglia, and more dystrophic neurites compared to 5XFAD control mice. Conversely, CD33m promotes plaque compaction and microglia-plaque contacts, and minimizes neuritic plaque pathology, highlighting an AD protective role for this isoform. Protective phenotypes driven by CD33m are detected at an earlier timepoint compared to the more aggressive pathology in CD33M mice that appears at a later timepoint, suggesting that CD33m has a more prominent impact on microglia cell function at earlier stages of disease progression. In addition to divergent roles in modulating phagocytosis, scRNAseq and proteomics analyses demonstrate that CD33m+ microglia upregulate nestin, an intermediate filament involved in cell migration, at plaque contact sites. Overall, our work provides new functional insights into how CD33, as a top genetic susceptibility factor for AD, modulates microglial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sameera Zia
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Leonardo M Cortez
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Zain H Patel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | - Gaurav Sidhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Susmita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Vivian Aghanya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Valerie L Sim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qiumin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Olivier Julien
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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15
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Zelek WM, Bevan RJ, Morgan BP. Targeting terminal pathway reduces brain complement activation, amyloid load and synapse loss, and improves cognition in a mouse model of dementia. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:355-363. [PMID: 38485063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Complement is dysregulated in the brain in Alzheimer's Disease and in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Each of the complement derived effectors, opsonins, anaphylatoxins and membrane attack complex (MAC), have been implicated as drivers of disease but their relative contributions remain unclarified. Here we have focussed on the MAC, a lytic and pro-inflammatory effector, in the AppNL-G-F mouse amyloidopathy model. To test the role of MAC, we back-crossed to generate AppNL-G-F mice deficient in C7, an essential MAC component. C7 deficiency ablated MAC formation, reduced synapse loss and amyloid load and improved cognition compared to complement-sufficient AppNL-G-F mice at 8-10 months age. Adding back C7 caused increased MAC formation in brain and an acute loss of synapses in C7-deficient AppNL-G-F mice. To explore whether C7 was a viable therapeutic target, a C7-blocking monoclonal antibody was administered systemically for one month in AppNL-G-F mice aged 8-9 months. Treatment reduced brain MAC and amyloid deposition, increased synapse density and improved cognitive performance compared to isotype control-treated AppNL-G-F mice. The findings implicate MAC as a driver of pathology and highlight the potential for complement inhibition at the level of MAC as a therapy in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta M Zelek
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, United Kingdom.
| | - Ryan J Bevan
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Paul Morgan
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, United Kingdom.
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16
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Shippy DC, Oliai SF, Ulland TK. Zinc utilization by microglia in Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107306. [PMID: 38648940 PMCID: PMC11103939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia defined by two key pathological characteristics in the brain, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. Microglia, the primary innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), provide neuroprotection through Aβ and tau clearance but may also be neurotoxic by promoting neuroinflammation to exacerbate Aβ and tau pathogenesis in AD. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of microglial utilization of nutrients and trace metals in controlling their activation and effector functions. Trace metals, such as zinc, have essential roles in brain health and immunity, and zinc dyshomeostasis has been implicated in AD pathogenesis. As a result of these advances, the mechanisms by which zinc homeostasis influences microglial-mediated neuroinflammation in AD is a topic of continuing interest since new strategies to treat AD are needed. Here, we review the roles of zinc in AD, including zinc activation of microglia, the associated neuroinflammatory response, and the application of these findings in new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Shippy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sophia F Oliai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tyler K Ulland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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17
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Ayala I, Bahrami A, Pan Y, Spencer C, Flanagan ME, Mesulam MM, Gefen T, Geula C. Loss and microglia phagocytosis of synaptic proteins in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 proteinopathy. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105719. [PMID: 38452814 PMCID: PMC11003416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cortical synaptic loss has emerged as an early abnormality in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a strong relationship to cognitive performance. However, the status of synapses in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) has received meager experimental attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in cortical synaptic proteins in FTLD with tar DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy. A second aim was to study phagocytosis of synaptic proteins by microglia as a surrogate for synaptic pruning. Western blot analysis in frozen tissue from the middle frontal gyrus revealed decreased levels of the presynaptic protein synaptophysin, but slightly increased levels of the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) in FTLD-TDP. Levels of the dendritic spine protein spinophilin displayed the largest decrease. Double immunofluorescent staining visualized aggregate or punctate synaptic protein immunoreactivity in microglia. Overall, the proportion of microglia containing synaptic proteins was larger in FTLD-TDP when compared with normal controls. The increase in PSD95 levels may represent reactive upregulation of this protein, as suggested in AD. While greater numbers of microglia containing synaptic proteins is consistent with loss of synapses in FTLD-TDP, it may also be an indication of abnormal synaptic pruning by microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ayala
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Atousa Bahrami
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuting Pan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Callen Spencer
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M-Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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18
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Chinnathambi S, Chidambaram H. G-protein coupled receptors regulates Tauopathy in neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:467-493. [PMID: 38960483 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, the microtubule-associated protein, Tau misfolds to form aggregates and filaments in the intra- and extracellular region of neuronal cells. Microglial cells are the resident brain macrophage cells involved in constant surveillance and activated by the extracellular deposits. Purinergic receptors are involved in the chemotactic migration of microglial cells towards the site of inflammation. From our recent study, we have observed that the microglial P2Y12 receptor is involved in phagocytosis of full-length Tau species such as monomers, oligomers and aggregates by actin-driven chemotaxis. This study shows the interaction of repeat-domain of Tau (TauRD) with the microglial P2Y12 receptor and the corresponding residues for interaction have been analyzed by various in-silico approaches. In the cellular studies, TauRD was found to interact with microglial P2Y12R and induces its cellular expression confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis. Furthermore, the P2Y12R-mediated TauRD internalization has demonstrated activation of microglia with an increase in the Iba1 level, and TauRD becomes accumulated at the peri-nuclear region for the degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Hariharakrishnan Chidambaram
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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19
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Liu Y, Xia P, Zong S, Zheng N, Cui X, Wang C, Wang M, Wang X, Yu S, Zhao H, Lu Z. Inhibition of Alzheimer's disease by 4-octyl itaconate revealed by RNA-seq transcriptome analysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176432. [PMID: 38369275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects and response mechanisms of 4-OI in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS In this study, network pharmacology was employed to analyze potential targets for AD drug therapy. Immunofluorescence and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques were utilized to detect inflammatory phenotypes in a 4-OI-resistant mouse microglia cell line (BV2). We conducted four classical behavioral experiments, namely the open field test, new object recognition test, Y maze test, and Morris water maze, to assess the emotional state and cognitive level of APPswe/PS1dE9 (referred to as APP/PS1) mice after 4-OI treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, along with immunofluorescence staining, were performed to detect amyloid (Aβ) deposition in mouse brain tissue. To explore the potential molecular mechanisms regulating the effects of 4-OI treatment, we performed RNA-SEQ and transcription factor prediction analyses. Additionally, mouse BV2 cells underwent Western blotting analysis to elucidate potential molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects. RESULTS We discovered that 4-OI exerts an inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation by promoting autophagy. This effect is attributed to the activation of the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway, achieved through enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and ULK1, coupled with a reduction in mTOR phosphorylation. Furthermore, 4-OI significantly enhances neuronal recovery in the hippocampus and diminishes Aβ plaque deposition in APP/PS1 mice, improved anxiety in mice, and ultimately led to improved cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that 4-OI improved cognitive deficits in AD mice, confirming the therapeutic effect of 4-OI on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengcheng Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ni Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyi Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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20
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Chen M, Wu T. Nanoparticles and neurodegeneration: Insights on multiple pathways of programmed cell death regulated by nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168739. [PMID: 38008311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively applied in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). With the rapid development and increasing exposure to the public, the potential neurotoxicity associated with NDs caused by NPs has attracted the researchers' attentions but their biosafety assessments are still far behind relevant application studies. Based on recent research, this review aims to conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of neurotoxicity induced by NPs. The 191 studies selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria were imported into the software, and the co-citations and keywords of the included literatures were analyzed to find the breakthrough point of previous studies. According to the available studies, the routes of NPs entering into the normal and injured brain were various, and then to be distributed and accumulated in living bodies. When analyzing the adverse effects induced by NPs, we focused on multiple programmed cell deaths (PCDs), especially ferroptosis triggered by NPs and their tight connection and crosstalk that have been found playing critical roles in the pathogenesis of NDs and their underlying toxic mechanisms. The activation of multiple PCD pathways by NPs provides a scientific basis for the occurrence and development of NDs. Furthermore, the adoption of new methodologies for evaluating the biosafety of NPs would benefit the next generation risk assessment (NGRA) of NPs and their toxic interventions. This would help ensure their safe application and sustainable development in the field of medical neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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21
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Zhang X, Xie T, Zhou S, Yuan Y, Chen W, Zheng J, Liu X, Yuan T, Lu Y, Liu Z. Effects of the ApoE genotype on cognitive function in aging mice fed with a high-fat diet and the protective potential of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Food Funct 2024; 15:2249-2264. [PMID: 38319599 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03965j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The ApoE4 allele is the strongest genetic determinant for Alzheimer's disease (AD), while obesity is a strong environmental risk for AD. The modulatory effect of the ApoE genotype on aging-related cognitive function in tandem with a high-fat diet (HFD) remains uncertain. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of ApoE3/ApoE4 genotypes in aged mice exposed to a HFD, and the benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from fish oil. Remarkably, the HFD led to weight gain and lipid accumulation, more pronounced in ApoE3 mice, while ApoE4 mice experienced exacerbated cerebral insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Critically, n-3 PUFAs modulated the cerebral insulin signaling via the IRS-1/AKT/GLUT4 pathway, mitigated microglial hyperactivity, and reduced IL-6 and MDA levels, thereby counteracting cognitive deficits. These findings highlight the contrasting impacts of ApoE genotypes on aging mice exposed to a HFD, supporting n-3 PUFAs as a strategic nutritional intervention for brain health, especially for ApoE4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Tianzhi Xie
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yingxuan Yuan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Tian Yuan
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
- Dongguan Chuangwei Precision Nutrition and Health Innovation Center, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523170, China
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Carling GK, Fan L, Foxe NR, Norman K, Ye P, Wong MY, Zhu D, Yu F, Xu J, Yarahmady A, Chen H, Huang Y, Amin S, Zacharioudakis E, Chen X, Holtzman DM, Mok SA, Gavathiotis E, Sinha SC, Cheng F, Luo W, Gong S, Gan L. Alzheimer's disease-linked risk alleles elevate microglial cGAS-associated senescence and neurodegeneration in a tauopathy model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.577107. [PMID: 38328219 PMCID: PMC10849737 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The strongest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) include the χ4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE), the R47H variant of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and female sex. Here, we combine APOE4 and TREM2R47H ( R47H ) in female P301S tauopathy mice to identify the pathways activated when AD risk is the strongest, thereby highlighting disease-causing mechanisms. We find that the R47H variant induces neurodegeneration in female APOE4 mice without impacting hippocampal tau load. The combination of APOE4 and R47H amplified tauopathy-induced cell-autonomous microglial cGAS-STING signaling and type-I interferon response, and interferon signaling converged across glial cell types in the hippocampus. APOE4-R47H microglia displayed cGAS- and BAX-dependent upregulation of senescence, showing association between neurotoxic signatures and implicating mitochondrial permeabilization in pathogenesis. By uncovering pathways enhanced by the strongest AD risk factors, our study points to cGAS-STING signaling and associated microglial senescence as potential drivers of AD risk.
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Xu W, Wang X, Hou X, Yang Y, Ma R, Lv R, Yin Q. The role of microglia in the pathogenesis of diabetic-associated cognitive dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1246979. [PMID: 38274227 PMCID: PMC10808430 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1246979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xunyao Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rongrong Ma
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Renjun Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Wu JJ, Zhang L, Liu D, Xia J, Yang Y, Tang F, Chen L, Ao H, Peng C. Ginsenoside Rg1, lights up the way for the potential prevention of Alzheimer's disease due to its therapeutic effects on the drug-controllable risk factors of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116955. [PMID: 37536646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine, Shen Nong, BenCao Jing, and Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu), Panax ginseng, and its prescriptions have been used for the treatment of dementia, depression, weight loss, Xiaoke disease (similar to diabetes), and vertigo. All these diseases are associated with the drug-controllable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), including depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Ginsenoside Rg1, one of the main active ingredients of P. ginseng and its congener Panax notoginseng, possesses therapeutic potentials against AD and associated diseases. This suggests that ginsenoside Rg1 might have the potential for AD prevention and treatment. Although the anti-AD effects of ginsenoside Rg1 have received more attention, a systematic review of its effects on depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension is not available. AIM OF THE REVIEW This systematic literature review comprehensively summarized existing literature on the therapeutic potentials of ginsenoside Rg1 in AD prevention for the propose of providing a foundation of future research aimed at enabling the use of such drugs in clinical practice. METHODS Information on ginsenoside Rg1 was collected from relevant published articles identified through a literature search in electronic scientific databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). The keywords used were "Ginsenoside Rg1," "Panax ginseng," "Source," "Alzheimer's disease," "Brain disorders," "Depression," "Obesity," "Diabetes," and "Hypertension." RESULTS The monomer ginsenoside Rg1 can be relatively easily obtained and has therapeutic potentials against AD. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated the therapeutic potentials of ginsenoside Rg1 against the drug-controllable risk factors of AD including depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Thus, ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates diseases resulting from AD risk factors by regulating multiple targets and pathways. CONCLUSIONS Ginsenoside Rg1 has the potentials to prevent AD by alleviating depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Qi XH, Chen P, Wang YJ, Zhou ZP, Liu XC, Fang H, Wang CW, Liu J, Liu RY, Liu HK, Zhang ZX, Zhou JN. Increased cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase drives neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:3. [PMID: 38191451 PMCID: PMC10773087 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not only a response to pathophysiological events, but also plays a causative role in neurodegeneration. Cytoplasmic cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) is considered to be a stimulant for immune responses to diseases; however, it remains unknown whether CARS is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. METHODS Postmortem human temporal cortical tissues at different Braak stages and AD patient-derived serum samples were used to investigate the changes of CARS levels in AD by immunocytochemical staining, real-time PCR, western blotting and ELISA. After that, C57BL/6J and APP/PS1 transgenic mice and BV-2 cell line were used to explore the role of CARS protein in memory and neuroinflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Finally, the associations of morphological features among CARS protein, microglia and dense-core plaques were examined by immunocytochemical staining. RESULTS A positive correlation was found between aging and the intensity of CARS immunoreactivity in the temporal cortex. Both protein and mRNA levels of CARS were increased in the temporal cortex of AD patients. Immunocytochemical staining revealed increased CARS immunoreactivity in neurons of the temporal cortex in AD patients. Moreover, overexpression of CARS in hippocampal neurons induced and aggravated cognitive dysfunction in C57BL/6J and APP/PS1 mice, respectively, accompanied by activation of microglia and the TLR2/MyD88 signaling pathway as well as upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. In vitro experiments showed that CARS treatment facilitated the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of the TLR2/MyD88 signaling pathway of BV-2 cells. The accumulation of CARS protein occurred within dense-core Aβ plaques accompanied by recruitment of ameboid microglia. Significant upregulation of TLR2/MyD88 proteins was also observed in the temporal cortex of AD. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the neuronal CARS drives neuroinflammation and induces memory deficits, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hong Qi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yue-Ju Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhe-Ping Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xue-Chun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Anhui Institute of Pediatric Research, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Chen-Wei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ji Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology and Application, School of Information Science and Technology, and The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Rong-Yu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Han-Kui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diseases and Genomes, BGI-Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zhen-Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Institute of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Yamada H, Yamazaki Y, Takebayashi Y, Yazawa K, Sasanishi M, Motoda A, Nakamori M, Morino H, Takahashi T, Maruyama H. The long-term effects of heated tobacco product exposure on the central nervous system in a mouse model of prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:227. [PMID: 38167640 PMCID: PMC10761999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have emerged as novel alternatives to conventional cigarettes (CCs), marketed by the tobacco industry as having a reduced potential for harm. Nevertheless, a significant dearth of information remains regarding the long-term effects of HTPs on the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we sought to shed light on the repercussions of prolonged exposure to HTPs on the CNS, employing a mouse model mimicking prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study entailed subjecting App knock-in mice to 16 weeks of HTP exposure, administered 5 days per week, with serum cotinine concentration serving as confirmation of HTP exposure within this model. Histological analysis, aimed at assessing amyloid pathology, unveiled a minimal impact attributable to HTPs. However, exploration of differentially expressed genes in the cerebral cortex, using unadjusted p values, indicated an association between HTP exposure and non-inflammatory pathways, specifically linked to neurohypophyseal and neuropeptide hormone activity within the CNS. Of note, similar results have already been observed after exposure to CCs in vivo. Our study not only contributes insights into the potential non-inflammatory effects of HTPs within the context of AD pathogenesis but also underscores the significance of continued research to comprehend the full scope of their impact on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetada Yamada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Takebayashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yazawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miwako Sasanishi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Atsuko Motoda
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamori
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Berezutsky MA, Durnova NA, Andronova TA. [Ginkgolide B: mechanisms of neurobiological effects, prospects for use in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:22-27. [PMID: 38676673 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412404122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The review presents an analysis of experimental data on the study of neurobiological effects of ginkgolide B, which may find application in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ginkgolide B is a diterpene trilactone isolated from the leaves of the relict woody plant Ginkgo biloba L., which has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine as a neuroprotective agent. In recent years, this compound has attracted attention because of its wide range of neurobiological effects. The neuroprotective effect of ginkgolide B on brain neurons when exposed to various neurotoxins has been established. This compound has also been shown to effectively protect neurons from the effects of beta-amyloid. Studies have revealed the ability of ginkgolide B to reduce microglia activity and regulate neurotransmitter release. In vivo experiments have shown that this substance significantly increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and improves cognitive functions, including memory and learning. It is concluded that ginkgolide B, apparently, may find application in the future as a multi-targeted agent of complex therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Berezutsky
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - N A Durnova
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - T A Andronova
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
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Leng F, Hinz R, Gentleman S, Dani M, Brooks DJ, Edison P. Combined Neuroinflammation and Amyloid PET Markers in Predicting Disease Progression in Cognitively Impaired Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:973-986. [PMID: 39031352 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease is known as an important process in the disease, yet how microglial activation affects disease progression remains unclear. Objective The current study aims to interrogate the predictive value of neuroinflammation biomarker (11C-PBR28 PET), together with A/T/N imaging markers on disease deterioration in a cognitively impaired patient cohort. Methods The study included 6 AD and 27 MCI patients, who had MRI, 11C-PBR28, 18F-flutemetamol (amyloid marker), 18F-AV1451 (tau marker) PET scans, and were followed up with multiple neuropsychological assessments for at least one year (1.6 and 2.8 years on average for AD and MCI). The predictive values of imaging biomarkers on baseline and longitudinal cognition were interrogated using linear regression to identify the biomarkers that could explain disease progression. Results Linear mixed models found the average intercepts (baseline) MMSE were 23.5 for AD and 28.2 for MCI patients, and the slope of MMSE (annual change) were -0.74 for AD and -0.52 for MCI patients. White matter microstructural integrity was predictive of baseline cognition, while PET markers of amyloid, tau and neuroinflammation were predictive of longitudinal cognitive decline. Both amyloid and neuroinflammation PET markers were predictors independent of each other. And a sub-group analysis showed the predictive effect of neuroinflammation on cognitive decline is independent of amyloid and tau. Conclusions Our study highlights the prognostic value of disease specific markers (amyloid, tau and neuroinflammation) in clinically diagnosed AD and MCI patients and suggests that the effects of these molecular markers are mediated by structural damage to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangda Leng
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK
| | - Steve Gentleman
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Melanie Dani
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul Edison
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Ma Y, Wang W, Liu S, Qiao X, Xing Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Z. Epigenetic Regulation of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 13:79. [PMID: 38201283 PMCID: PMC10778497 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease and clinically manifests with cognitive decline and behavioral disabilities. Over the past years, mounting studies have demonstrated that the inflammatory response plays a key role in the onset and development of AD, and neuroinflammation has been proposed as the third major pathological driving factor of AD, ranking after the two well-known core pathologies, amyloid β (Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Epigenetic mechanisms, referring to heritable changes in gene expression independent of DNA sequence alterations, are crucial regulators of neuroinflammation which have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for AD. Upon regulation of transcriptional repression or activation, epigenetic modification profiles are closely involved in inflammatory gene expression and signaling pathways of neuronal differentiation and cognitive function in central nervous system disorders. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about epigenetic control mechanisms with a focus on DNA and histone modifications involved in the regulation of inflammatory genes and signaling pathways in AD, and the inhibitors under clinical assessment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Ma
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China;
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Sufang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA;
| | - Xiaomeng Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China;
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China;
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Martemucci G, Fracchiolla G, Muraglia M, Tardugno R, Dibenedetto RS, D’Alessandro AG. Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from the Oxidative Stress to the Management of Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2091. [PMID: 38136211 PMCID: PMC10740837 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a growing disorder affecting thousands of people worldwide, especially in industrialised countries, increasing mortality. Oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, dysbiosis, abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia and hypertension are important factors linked to MS clusters of different pathologies, such as diabesity, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. All biochemical changes observed in MS, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, endothelial cell function and intestinal microbiota, promote pathological bridges between metabolic syndrome, diabesity and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to summarise metabolic syndrome's involvement in diabesity and highlight the link between MS and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. A better understanding of MS could promote a novel strategic approach to reduce MS comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martemucci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Roberta Tardugno
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Roberta Savina Dibenedetto
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
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Ito T, Degawa T, Okumura N. Brazilian green propolis prevent Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive impairment induced by amyloid beta in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:416. [PMID: 37978479 PMCID: PMC10656927 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of cognitive impairment has become a health problem in the aging society. Owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Brazilian green propolis-derived from Baccharis dracunculifolia-is anticipated to possess anticognitive properties. However, the preventive effect of Brazilian green propolis on cognitive impairment remains unexplained. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Brazilian green propolis on cognitive impairment using a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta (Aβ)25‒35. METHODS Five-week-old male Slc:ddY mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8). The groups were pretreated with vehicle and propolis at a dose of 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg body weight for 8 days, then AD-like phenotypes were induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ25‒35. A sham operation group was set as the control. Memory and learning ability were measured at 7 to 8 days after ICV injection. Gene expression and histological studies were performed at the endpoint of the study. RESULTS In a passive avoidance test, the administration of Brazilian green propolis prevented the impairment of learning and memory function. Furthermore, comprehensive gene expression analysis in the hippocampus and forebrain cortex revealed that Brazilian green propolis suppressed Aβ25-35-induced inflammatory and immune responses. In particular, Brazilian green propolis prevented alterations in gene expressions of microglial and astrocytic markers such as Trem2 and Lcn2 induced by Aβ25‒35 injection, suggesting the suppression of excessive activation of glial cells in the brain. In addition, Brazilian green propolis suppressed the elevation of plasma interleukin (IL)-6 levels induced by Aβ25‒35 injection. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the prophylactic administration of Brazilian green propolis has a preventive effect against AD by suppressing excessive inflammation and immune response in glial cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that Brazilian green propolis may inhibit the hyperactivation of microglia and astrocytes as a mechanism of action to prevent AD. Thus, it is a promising ingredient for preventing AD-type dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ito
- Institute for Bee Products & Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Degawa
- Institute for Bee Products & Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Okumura
- Institute for Bee Products & Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc, Okayama, Japan.
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Platholi J, Marongiu R, Park L, Yu F, Sommer G, Weinberger R, Tower W, Milner TA, Glass MJ. Hippocampal glial inflammatory markers are differentially altered in a novel mouse model of perimenopausal cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1280218. [PMID: 38035277 PMCID: PMC10684955 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1280218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is often characterized by age-dependent cerebrovascular pathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits with notable sex differences in risk, disease onset, progression and severity. Women bear a disproportionate burden of dementia, and the onset of menopause (i.e., perimenopause) may be a critical period conferring increased susceptibility. However, the contribution of early ovarian decline to the neuroinflammatory processes associated with cerebrovascular dementia risks, particularly at the initial stages of pathology that may be more amenable to proactive intervention, is unknown. To better understand the influence of early ovarian failure on dementia-associated neuroinflammation we developed a model of perimenopausal cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), an important contributor to dementia. For this, accelerated ovarian failure (AOF) was induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) treatment to isolate early-stage ovarian failure comparable to human perimenopause (termed "peri-AOF") in transgenic SWDI mice expressing human vasculotropic mutant amyloid beta (Aβ) precursor protein, that were also tested at an early stage of amyloidosis. We found that peri-AOF SWDI mice showed increased astrocyte activation accompanied by elevated Aβ in select regions of the hippocampus, a brain system involved in learning and memory that is severely impacted during dementia. However, although SWDI mice showed signs of increased hippocampal microglial activation and impaired cognitive function, this was not further affected by peri-AOF. In sum, these results suggest that elevated dysfunction of key elements of the neurovascular unit in select hippocampal regions characterizes the brain pathology of mice at early stages of both CAA and AOF. However, neurovascular unit pathology may not yet have passed a threshold that leads to further behavioral compromise at these early periods of cerebral amyloidosis and ovarian failure. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the hormonal dysregulation associated with perimenopause onset represents a stage of emerging vulnerability to dementia-associated neuropathology, thus providing a selective window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention prior to the development of advanced pathology that has proven difficult to repair or reverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimcy Platholi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Anesthesiology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberta Marongiu
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Neurological Surgery Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Genetic Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Laibaik Park
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fangmin Yu
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Garrett Sommer
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rena Weinberger
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - William Tower
- Neurological Surgery Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Glass
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
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García-Bermúdez MY, Vohra R, Freude K, van Wijngaarden P, Martin K, Thomsen MS, Aldana BI, Kolko M. Potential Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15834. [PMID: 37958816 PMCID: PMC10649108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a major diagnostic challenge, as early detection is crucial for effective intervention. This review examines the diagnostic challenges facing current AD evaluations and explores the emerging field of retinal alterations as early indicators. Recognizing the potential of the retina as a noninvasive window to the brain, we emphasize the importance of identifying retinal biomarkers in the early stages of AD. However, the examination of AD is not without its challenges, as the similarities shared with other retinal diseases introduce complexity in the search for AD-specific markers. In this review, we address the relevance of using the retina for the early diagnosis of AD and the complex challenges associated with the search for AD-specific retinal biomarkers. We provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and highlight avenues for progress in AD diagnosis by retinal examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rupali Vohra
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Group of Stem Cell Models and Embryology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Keith Martin
- Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maj Schneider Thomsen
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery, Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Blanca Irene Aldana
- Neurometabolism Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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Yang H, Song R, Xie Y, Qian Q, Wu Z, Han S, Li X. Apple Polyphenol Extract Ameliorates Atherosclerosis and Associated Cognitive Impairment through Alleviating Neuroinflammation by Weakening TLR4 Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome in High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet-Fed LDLR -/- Male Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15506-15521. [PMID: 37824601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have supported the beneficial effects of the ingredients of apple polyphenol extract (APE), a polyphenol mixture being extracted from whole fresh apples, on neurodegenerative diseases, the role of APE in atherosclerosis-related cognitive impairment remains unclear. To clarify the role of APE in regulating cognitive dysfunction in mice with atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms, high-fat/cholesterol diet-fed male LDLR-/- mice were gavaged with 125 or 500 mg/(kg·bw·d) APE solution or sterile double-distilled water for consecutive 8 weeks, and age-matched C57BL/6 male mice were employed as normal control. APE intervention increased the serum concentration of high-density apolipoprotein cholesterol, improved atherosclerosis, and ameliorated cognitive function of mice by inhibiting the phosphorylation of tau protein, supporting with significantly reduced platform latency and obviously increased swimming distance in the target quadrant according to the Morris water maze test. APE intervention alleviated neuroinflammation by attenuating the activation of microglia and astrocytes and inhibiting TLR4 signaling with reduced protein expression of NF-κB, MyD88, TRIF, and IKKβ. Meanwhile, APE intervention inactivated NLRP3 inflammasome with downregulated protein expression of caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β. Additionally, APE intervention improved the damaged brain barrier structure by upregulating the protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin. Therefore, our research supplemented new data, supporting the potential of APE as an effective dietary bioactive ingredient to improve atherosclerosis and associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Song
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yisha Xie
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qingfan Qian
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhengli Wu
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shufen Han
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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Gamache J, Gingerich D, Shwab EK, Barrera J, Garrett ME, Hume C, Crawford GE, Ashley-Koch AE, Chiba-Falek O. Integrative single-nucleus multi-omics analysis prioritizes candidate cis and trans regulatory networks and their target genes in Alzheimer's disease brains. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:185. [PMID: 37789374 PMCID: PMC10546724 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic underpinnings of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) are yet to be fully elucidated. Although numerous LOAD-associated loci have been discovered, the causal variants and their target genes remain largely unknown. Since the brain is composed of heterogenous cell subtypes, it is imperative to study the brain on a cell subtype specific level to explore the biological processes underlying LOAD. METHODS Here, we present the largest parallel single-nucleus (sn) multi-omics study to simultaneously profile gene expression (snRNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility (snATAC-seq) to date, using nuclei from 12 normal and 12 LOAD brains. We identified cell subtype clusters based on gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiles and characterized cell subtype-specific LOAD-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially accessible peaks (DAPs) and cis co-accessibility networks (CCANs). RESULTS Integrative analysis defined disease-relevant CCANs in multiple cell subtypes and discovered LOAD-associated cell subtype-specific candidate cis regulatory elements (cCREs), their candidate target genes, and trans-interacting transcription factors (TFs), some of which, including ELK1, JUN, and SMAD4 in excitatory neurons, were also LOAD-DEGs. Finally, we focused on a subset of cell subtype-specific CCANs that overlap known LOAD-GWAS regions and catalogued putative functional SNPs changing the affinities of TF motifs within LOAD-cCREs linked to LOAD-DEGs, including APOE and MYO1E in a specific subtype of microglia and BIN1 in a subpopulation of oligodendrocytes. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study represents the most comprehensive systematic interrogation to date of regulatory networks and the impact of genetic variants on gene dysregulation in LOAD at a cell subtype resolution. Our findings reveal crosstalk between epigenetic, genomic, and transcriptomic determinants of LOAD pathogenesis and define catalogues of candidate genes, cCREs, and variants involved in LOAD genetic etiology and the cell subtypes in which they act to exert their pathogenic effects. Overall, these results suggest that cell subtype-specific cis-trans interactions between regulatory elements and TFs, and the genes dysregulated by these networks contribute to the development of LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gamache
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Daniel Gingerich
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - E Keats Shwab
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Julio Barrera
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Melanie E Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Cordelia Hume
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3382, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Allison E Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Lin LL, Song GJ, Zhang H, Yin Y, Xin SM, Ding L, Li Y. GPR34 Knockdown Relieves Cognitive Deficits and Suppresses Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease via the ERK/NF-κB Signal. Neuroscience 2023; 528:129-139. [PMID: 37557947 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and neuroinflammation. G-protein-coupled receptor 34 (Gpr34) was found highly expressed in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. However, its role in AD remains unclear. Herein, the role of Gpr34 as well as its molecular mechanism was explored. Data in GSE85162 were analyzed and the differently expressed genes in the hippocampus tissues of APP/PS1 mouse model of AD were subjected to GO, KEGG and GSEA enrichment analyses. APP/PS1 mice were used as an animal model of AD and the cognitive impairment was evaluated by a water maze test. The level of Gpr34 in hippocampus and BV-2 cells as well as the activation of ERK/NF-κB signal was determined by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot or immunofluorescence. Our results showed that, in BV-2 cells exposed to Aβ1-42, Gpr34 knockdown decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS and suppressed the activation of ERK/NF-κB signal. Moreover, the Gpr34-overexpression-induced activation of ERK/NF-κB signal and up-regulated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS were abolished by FR180204, an ERK inhibitor. On the other hand, the in vivo study showed that Gpr34 knockdown ameliorated the cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice, decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, the activation of microglia and ERK/NF-κB signal. In conclusion, Gpr34 knockdown relieved cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice and suppressed neuroinflammation and microglial activation, maybe via the ERK/NF-κB signal. It is indicated that the high level of Grp34 in hippocampus may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Jun Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Meng Xin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang X, Subbanna S, Williams CRO, Canals-Baker S, Smiley JF, Wilson DA, Das BC, Saito M. Anti-inflammatory Action of BT75, a Novel RARα Agonist, in Cultured Microglia and in an Experimental Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1958-1970. [PMID: 36781685 PMCID: PMC10355192 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BT75, a boron-containing retinoid, is a novel retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α agonist synthesized by our group. Previous studies indicated that activation of retinoic acid (RA) signaling may attenuate progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Presently, we aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of BT75 and explore the possible mechanism using cultured cells and an AD mouse model. Pretreatment with BT75 (1-25 µM) suppressed the release of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-1β in the culture medium of mouse microglial SIM-A9 cells activated by LPS. BMS195614, an RARα antagonist, partially blocked the inhibition of NO production by BT75. Moreover, BT75 attenuated phospho-Akt and phospho-NF-κB p65 expression augmented by LPS. In addition, BT75 elevated arginase 1, IL-10, and CD206, and inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-6 formation in LPS-treated SIM-A9 cells, suggesting the promotion of M1-M2 microglial phenotypic polarization. C57BL/6 mice were injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) with streptozotocin (STZ) (3 mg/kg) to provide an AD-like mouse model. BT75 (5 mg/kg) or the vehicle was intraperitoneally (ip) injected to icv-STZ mice once a day for 3 weeks. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that GFAP-positive cells and rod or amoeboid-like Iba1-positive cells, which increased in the hippocampal fimbria of icv-STZ mice, were reduced by BT75 treatment. Western blot results showed that BT75 decreased levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), GFAP, and phosphorylated Tau, and increased levels of synaptophysin in the hippocampus of icv-STZ mice. BT75 may attenuate neuroinflammation by affecting the Akt/NF-κB pathway and microglial M1-M2 polarization in LPS-stimulated SIM-A9 cells. BT75 also reduced AD-like pathology including glial activation in the icv-STZ mice. Thus, BT75 may be a promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent worthy of further AD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Shivakumar Subbanna
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Colin R O Williams
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Stefanie Canals-Baker
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - John F Smiley
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald A Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bhaskar C Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, 75 DeKalb Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mariko Saito
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Guo H, Li B, Yao H, Liu D, Chen R, Zhou S, Ji Y, Zeng L, Du M. Profiling the oral microbiomes in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1341-1355. [PMID: 34931394 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the characteristics of the oral microbiomes and expected to find biomarkers about Alzheimer's disease (AD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS AD patients (n = 26) and cognitive intact people (n = 26) were examined for cognition, depression, oral health and collected saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in the morning. Full-length 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequencing was performed using the PacBio platform. RESULTS The predominant bacterium of salivary microbiome and periodontal microbiome from AD patients was Streptococcus oralis and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. With respect to β diversity analysis, there was a significance difference in periodontal microbiome between AD patients and cognitively intact subjects. The relative abundance of Veillonella parvula significantly increased in oral microbiomes from AD patients. Interestingly, the dominant species were different between early-onset AD and late-onset AD patients. Moreover, the predominant species were changed as the clinical severity of AD. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that V. parvula was associated with AD in both saliva and GCF and that P. gingivalis was associated with AD only in GCF. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the microbiome community of oral microbes was altered in AD patients and periodontal microbiome was sensitive to cognition changes. Moreover, V. parvula and P. gingivalis were associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Biao Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hantao Yao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Danfeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rourong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuhui Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yaoting Ji
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Minquan Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Liu YL, Huang HJ, Sheu SY, Liu YC, Lee IJ, Chiang SC, Lin AMY. Oral ellagic acid attenuated LPS-induced neuroinflammation in rat brain: MEK1 interaction and M2 microglial polarization. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:656-664. [PMID: 37340785 PMCID: PMC10350794 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231182230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid, the marker component of peels of Punica granatum L., is known traditionally to treat traumatic hemorrhage. In this study, the cellular mechanism underlying ellagic acid-induced anti-inflammation was investigated using lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a neuroinflammation inducer. Our in vitro data showed that LPS (1 μg/mL) consistently phosphorylated ERK and induced neuroinflammation, such as elevation in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide production in treated BV-2 cells. Incubation of ellagic acid significantly inhibited LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation and subsequent neuroinflammation in treated BV-2 cells. Furthermore, our in vivo study of neuroinflammation employed an intranigral infusion of LPS that resulted in a time-dependent elevation in phosphorylated ERK levels in the infused substantia nigra (SN). Oral administration of ellagic acid (100 mg/kg) significantly attenuated LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation. A four-day treatment of ellagic acid did not alter LPS-induced ED-1 elevation but ameliorated LPS-induced reduction in CD206 and arginase-1 (two biomarkers of M2 microglia). A seven-day treatment of ellagic acid abolished LPS-induced increases in heme-oxygenase-1, cyclo-oxygenase 2, and α-synuclein trimer levels (a pathological hallmark) in the infused SN. At the same time, ellagic acid attenuated LPS-induced increases in active caspase 3 and receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 levels (respective biomarkers of apoptosis and necroptosis) as well as reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the infused SN. In silico analysis showed that ellagic acid binds to the catalytic site of MEK1. Our data suggest that ellagic acid is capable of inhibiting MEK1-ERK signaling and then attenuated LPS-induced neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and programmed cell deaths. Moreover, M2 microglial polarization is suggested as a novel antineuroinflammatory mechanism in the ellagic acid-induced neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112
| | - Hui-Ju Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112
| | - Sheh-Yi Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112
| | - Yu-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112
| | - I-Jung Lee
- Pharmaceutical Botany Research Laboratory, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Shao-Chin Chiang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112
- Department of Pharmacy, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anya Maan-Yuh Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112
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Vujović S, Ivović M, Tančić Gajić M, Marina L, Jovičić SP, Pavlović N, Jovičić ME. Alzheimer’s Disease and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. ENDOCRINES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines4020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Estradiol promotes neuronal growth, transmission, survival, myelinization, plasticity, synaptogenesis, and dendritic branching and it improves cognitive function. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and the loss of neuronal connection in the brain. Genomic analysis has concluded that hypoestrogenism influences the APOE gene and increases the risk of AD. Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is defined as oligo/amenorrhea in women below 40 years of age, low estradiol, and high-gonadotropin levels. Early symptoms and signs of POI must be detected in time in order to prevent subsequent complications, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Meta-analysis has shown favorable effects of estrogen in preventing Alzheimer’s. We measured some of the typical markers of AD in women with POI such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tissue necrosis factor α (TNFα), TAU1, TREM2, and amyloid precursor proteins (APP). While FSH, LH, and IL-8 were significantly higher in POI group, compared to controls, testosterone and DHEAS were lower. A significant decrease in IL-6 was found in the POI group during a 6-month therapy, as well as an increase in amyloid precursor proteins. CONCLUSION: Neurological complications of POI, such as declining short-term memory, cognitive function, and dementia, have to be promptly stopped by initiating estro-progestogen therapy in POI. A long-term continuation of the therapy would be strongly advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vujović
- Faculty of Medicine, National Center for Infertility and Endocrinology of Gender, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miomira Ivović
- Faculty of Medicine, National Center for Infertility and Endocrinology of Gender, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milina Tančić Gajić
- Faculty of Medicine, National Center for Infertility and Endocrinology of Gender, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Marina
- Faculty of Medicine, National Center for Infertility and Endocrinology of Gender, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Pavlović Jovičić
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Nephrology, University Clinical Center, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natalija Pavlović
- Faculty of Medicine, National Center for Infertility and Endocrinology of Gender, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Twarowski B, Herbet M. Inflammatory Processes in Alzheimer's Disease-Pathomechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6518. [PMID: 37047492 PMCID: PMC10095343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most commonly diagnosed cases of senile dementia in the world. It is an incurable process, most often leading to death. This disease is multifactorial, and one factor of this is inflammation. Numerous mediators secreted by inflammatory cells can cause neuronal degeneration. Neuritis may coexist with other mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease, contributing to disease progression, and may also directly underlie AD. Although much has been established about the inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of AD, many aspects remain unexplained. The work is devoted in particular to the pathomechanism of inflammation and its role in diagnosis and treatment. An in-depth and detailed understanding of the pathomechanism of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease may help in the development of diagnostic methods for early diagnosis and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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42
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Wu ZG, Huang YJ, Wang TY, Deng CY, Xu ZR, Tang CZ. Effect of acupuncture on neuroinflammation in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1110087. [PMID: 36936500 PMCID: PMC10014858 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite neuroinflammation being an important component of the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), effective therapies to alleviate neuroinflammation are still lacking. Many animal experiments in AD have found that acupuncture may ameliorate cognition by decreasing neuroinflammation and modulating cytokines, but its effects have not been systematically examined. We aimed to assess its efficacy on neuroinflammation in AD and to investigate the potential mechanisms. Materials and methods The following databases were searched from inception until 24 August 2022: Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Animal studies that reported the efficacy of acupuncture on neuroinflammation in AD were included. The SYRCLE Robt was utilized to evaluate methodological quality. Stata 17 was utilized to conduct a meta-analysis of cytokine levels and the results of the Morris water maze. Results 23 studies were included, with a total of 417 rats/mice. The overall quality of all included reports was medium. The results indicated that acupuncture significantly reduced the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines which included IL-1β [SMD = -3.50, 95% CI (-4.31, -2.69); I 2 = 78.6%] (P < 0.05), TNF-α [SMD = -3.05, 95% CI (-3.86, -2.24); I 2 = 69.6%] (P < 0.05), IL-6 [SMD = -3.22, 95% CI (-4.62, -1.81); I 2 = 77.6%] and enhanced the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4 [SMD = 2.77, 95% CI (1.95, 3.59); I 2 = 33.9%] (P < 0.05), IL-10 [SMD = 1.84, 95% CI (1.20, 2.49); I 2 = 41.0%] (P < 0.05) in an animal model of AD. Regarding the Morris water maze, compared to the control group, the acupuncture group showed a shorter escape latency [SMD = -2.23, 95% CI (-2.89, -1.57); I 2 = 79.2%] (P < 0.05), longer duration in platform quadrant [SMD = 2.34, 95% CI (1.44, 3.23); I 2 = 81.7%] (P < 0.05), and increased platform crossing number [SMD = 2.79, 95% CI (2.06, 3.53); I 2 = 71.9%] (P < 0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture may reduce neuroinflammation in AD by modulating cytokine expression. This modulation significantly improved cognitive function in animal models of AD. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022354878.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chun-Zhi Tang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Dong Y, Lu J, Zhang S, Chen L, Wen J, Wang F, Mao Y, Li L, Zhang J, Liao S, Dong L. Design, synthesis and bioevaluation of 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione derivatives as potential GSK-3β inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106446. [PMID: 36868127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Tideglusib is a non-competitive GSK-3β inhibitor which contain 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione moiety, and now mainly used for progressive supranuclear palsy due to the lack of some primary cognitive endpoints and secondary endpoints in a phase IIb trail for Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, insufficient evidence exists to support that there are obvious covalent bonds between Tideglusib and GSK-3β. Targeted covalent inhibition strategy could improve the binding efficiency, selectivity and duration of kinase inhibitors. Based on the above premise, two series of targeted compounds with acryloyl warheads were designed and synthesized. The kinase inhibitory activity of the selected compound 10a with better neuroprotective effect improved 2.7 fold than that of Tideglusib. After the preliminary screening of GSK-3β inhibition and neuroprotective activity, the mechanism action of the selected compound 10a was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results confirmed that 10a with excellent selectivity among the whole tested kinases could significantly reduce the expressions of APP and p-Tau via increasing the level of p-GSK-3β. The pharmacodynamic assay in vivo showed that 10a could markedly improve the learning and memory functions in AD mice induced by AlCl3 combined with d-galactose. At the same time, the damage of hippocampal neurons in AD mice was obviously reduced. Accordingly, the introduction of acryloyl warheads could increase the GSK-3β inhibitory activity of 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione derivatives, and the selected compound 10a deserves further research as an effective GSK-3β inhibitor for the potential treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, China
| | - Shanhui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, China
| | - Lina Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, China
| | - Jinlan Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, China
| | - Yongqing Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, China
| | - Lei Li
- Guizhou provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, China
| | - Shanggao Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, China.
| | - Li Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, China.
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Wang S, Zhu T, Ni W, Zhou C, Zhou H, Lin L, Hu Y, Sun X, Han J, Zhou Y, Jin G, Zu J, Shi H, Yang X, Zhang Z, Hua F. Early activation of Toll-like receptor-3 reduces the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease in APP/PS1 mouse. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:33. [PMID: 36797783 PMCID: PMC9933297 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays an important role in the immune/inflammatory response in the nervous system and is a main pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigates the role of early activation of TLR3 in the pathophysiological process of AD. METHODS In the experiment, the agonist of TLR3, Poly(I:C), was intraperitoneally injected into the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and wild-type control mice starting from the age of 4 to 9 months. At the age of 14 months, behavioral tests were conducted. Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining were used to evaluate the level of amyloid β-protein (Aβ), the activation of inflammatory cells, and neuron loss. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the early activation of TLR3 attenuated neuronal loss and neurobehavioral dysfunction. Moreover, the early activation of TLR3 reduced Aβ deposition, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and decreased the transcription of pro-inflammatory factors in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the activation of TLR3 by Poly (I:C) in the early stage of development of AD in a mouse model attenuated neuron loss and improved neurobehavioral functions. The underlying mechanisms could be attributed to its role in Aβ clearance, the inhibition of glial cells, and the regulation of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Human Anatomy, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Taiyang Zhu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanyan Ni
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuting Hu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.452511.6Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Jin
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jie Zu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Shi
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Yang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zuohui Zhang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. .,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Health Science, College of Allied Health Science, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, USA.
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Shippy DC, Ulland TK. Genome-wide identification of murine interferon genes in microglial-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 375:578031. [PMID: 36708632 PMCID: PMC9905327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Interferons play a major role in microglial-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the interferon transcriptome (AD versus non-AD) using N9 and murine microglia. We identified 64 interferon-related differentially expressed genes (DEG) in LPS-stimulated N9 microglia versus control cells, 26 DEG in microglia from 5XFAD versus wild-type mice, with 13 DEG common to both datasets. Network analyses identified potential key mediators (Cxcl10, Ifit3) of the interferon response in AD. Gene-drug interaction analysis identified therapeutics targeting interferon-related genes. These data characterize the microglial interferon response in AD, providing new targets and therapeutics directed towards interferon-related neuroinflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Shippy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tyler K Ulland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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Wang Y, Han S, Chen J, Sun J, Sun X. PFKFB3 knockdown attenuates Amyloid β-Induced microglial activation and retinal pigment epithelium disorders in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109691. [PMID: 36638665 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by progressive accumulation of drusen deposits and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) disorders. As the main component of drusen, amyloid β (Aβ) plays a critical role in activating microglia and causing neuroinflammation in AMD pathogenesis. However, the role of activated microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in RPE senescence remains unclear. Recent evidence indicates that inflammatory microglia are glycolytic and driven by an increase in 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), an enzyme described as the master regulator of glycolysis. In this study, we mimicked the retinal inflammatory microenvironment of AMD by intravitreal injection of oligomeric Aβ1-40 in mice, which resulted in activation of microglia and upregulation of PFKFB3. RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate PFKFB3-mediated microglial activation. The effect of microglial activation on RPE disorders was assessed using gene knockout experiments, immunofluorescence, CCK-8 assay, and β-galactosidase staining. Intravitreal Aβ1-40 injection induced proinflammatory activation of microglia by upregulating PFKFB3 and resulted in RPE disorders, which was verified in heterozygous Pfkfb3-deficient mice (Pfkfb3+/-) mice, Aβ1-40-activated microglial cell line BV2, and co-culture of RPE cell line ARPE19. RNA sequencing revealed that PFKFB3 mainly affected innate immune processes during Aβ1-40-induced retinal inflammation. PFKFB3 knockdown inhibited RPE disorders and rescued the retinal structure and function. Overall, the modulation of PFKFB3-mediated microglial glycolysis and activation is a promising strategy for AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyang Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junran Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
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Deng Y, Wang SY, Wang QG, Xu ZH, Peng Q, Chen SY, Zhu L, Zhang YD, Duan R. AVE 0991 Suppresses Astrocyte-Mediated Neuroinflammation of Alzheimer's Disease by Enhancing Autophagy. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:391-406. [PMID: 36755969 PMCID: PMC9900155 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s392599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our previous study has shown that AVE 0991, a nonpeptide analogue of Ang-(1-7), ameliorates cognitive decline and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Additionally, several studies have suggested that activation of autophagy appears to effectively inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation. However, it is unclear whether AVE 0991 can modulate astrocyte autophagy to suppress neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Materials and Methods APP/PS1 mice and Aβ-treated primary astrocytes were used as the research objects in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Water maze test was used to evaluate cognitive function of mice, Nissl staining and immunofluorescence staining was used to assess neuronal damage. ELISA kits were used to detect the levels of Ang-(1-7) and Aβ in the cortex, and qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of cortical inflammation-related mediators. The expression of autophagy-related proteins in cortex were detected by Western blot. The upstream molecular responses involved in inflammation inhibition by AVE 0991 were validated by means of using the Mas1 antagonist and autophagy inhibitor. Results We found that 30 days of intraperitoneal administration of AVE 0991 improved. Aβ deposition, neuronal death, and cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease model mice. Moreover, AVE 0991 treatment greatly suppressed astrocyte-mediated inflammation and up-regulated the expression of autophagy. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of AVE 0991 on the expression of inflammatory factors was reversed by 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor. Conclusion These findings suggest that regulation of autophagy is critical for inhibiting astrocyte neuroinflammatory responses and demonstrate a potential neuroprotective mechanism by which AVE 0991 could suppress neuroinflammatory responses by enhancing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Guang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Han Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Yu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ying-Dong Zhang; Rui Duan, Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Rui Duan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Ruíz-Arias MA, Medina-Díaz IM, Bernal-Hernández YY, Agraz-Cibrián JM, González-Arias CA, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Herrera-Moreno JF, Verdín-Betancourt FA, Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, Rojas-García AE. Hematological indices as indicators of inflammation induced by exposure to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:19466-19476. [PMID: 36239889 PMCID: PMC9561311 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide toxicity, both acute and chronic, is a global public health concern. Pesticides are involved in abnormal inflammatory responses by interfering with the normal physiology and metabolic status of cells. In this regard, inflammatory indices aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte platelet ratio (NLPR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune inflammation index, and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) have been used as predictive markers of inflammatory status in several diseases and also in acute poisoning events. This study aimed to determine systemic inflammation indices and their relationship with pesticide exposure from urban sprayers in 302 individuals categorized into three groups (reference group and moderate and high exposure groups). The data suggest that the AISI, MLR, NLPR, and SIRI indices were significantly higher in the exposed groups compared with the reference group. In conclusion, this study proposes that inflammation indices warrant further attention in order to assess their value as early biomarkers of acute and chronic pesticide intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alfonso Ruíz-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias. Área de Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Juan Manuel Agraz-Cibrián
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Briscia Socorro Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Francisco Alberto Verdín-Betancourt
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - José Francisco Zambrano-Zaragoza
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México.
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Stefanova NA, Kolosova NG. The Rat Brain Transcriptome: From Infancy to Aging and Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021462. [PMID: 36674977 PMCID: PMC9865438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that functional traits of the adult brain-all of which are established early in life-may affect the brain's susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Results of our previous studies on senescence-accelerated OXYS rats, a model of sporadic AD, support this hypothesis. Here, to elucidate the molecular genetic nature of the aberrations revealed during brain maturation, we analyzed transcriptomes (RNA-seq data) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of OXYS rats and Wistar (control) rats in the period of brain maturation critical for OXYS rats (ages P3 and P10; P: postnatal day). We found more than 1000 differentially expressed genes in both brain structures; functional analysis indicated reduced efficiency of the formation of neuronal contacts, presumably explained mainly by deficits of mitochondrial functions. Next, we compared differentially expressed genes in the rat PFC and hippocampus from infancy to the progressive stage of AD-like pathology (five ages in total). Three genes (Thoc3, Exosc8, and Smpd4) showed overexpression in both brain regions of OXYS rats throughout the lifespan. Thus, reduced efficiency of the formation of neural networks in the brain of OXYS rats in infancy likely contributes to the development of their AD-like pathology.
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50
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Liu XQ, Huang J, Song C, Zhang TL, Liu YP, Yu L. Neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by PM2.5 Exposure and its possible role in Neurodegenerative and mental disorders. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231191436. [PMID: 37537902 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231191436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent extensive evidence suggests that ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) may be neurotoxic to the brain and cause central nervous system damage, contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. PM2.5 can enter the brain via various pathways, including the blood-brain barrier, olfactory system, and gut-brain axis, leading to adverse effects on the CNS. Studies in humans and animals have revealed that PM2.5-mediated mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and gut flora dysbiosis, play a crucial role in CNS damage. Additionally, PM2.5 exposure can induce epigenetic alterations, such as hypomethylation of DNA, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of some CNS damage. Through literature analysis, we suggest that promising therapeutic targets for alleviating PM2.5-induced neurological damage include inhibiting microglia overactivation, regulating gut microbiota with antibiotics, and targeting signaling pathways, such as PKA/CREB/BDNF and WNT/β-catenin. Additionally, several studies have observed an association between PM2.5 exposure and epigenetic changes in neuropsychiatric disorders. This review summarizes and discusses the association between PM2.5 exposure and CNS damage, including the possible mechanisms by which PM2.5 causes neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jia Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chao Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tian-Liang Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yong-Ping Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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