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Afsar A, Chen M, Xuan Z, Zhang L. A glance through the effects of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and cytokines on Alzheimer's disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5662-5675. [PMID: 38053545 PMCID: PMC10694609 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Unfortunately, despite numerous studies, an effective treatment for AD has not yet been established. There is remarkable evidence indicating that the innate immune mechanism and adaptive immune response play significant roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Several studies have reported changes in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in AD patients. This mini-review article discusses the potential contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reactivity to amyloid β (Aβ) protein in individuals with AD. Moreover, this mini-review examines the potential associations between T cells, heme oxygenase (HO), and impaired mitochondria in the context of AD. While current mathematical models of AD have not extensively addressed the inclusion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, there exist models that can be extended to consider AD as an autoimmune disease involving these T cell types. Additionally, the mini-review covers recent research that has investigated the utilization of machine learning models, considering the impact of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Afsar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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2
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Lv M, Zhang Z, Cui Y. Unconventional T cells in brain homeostasis, injury and neurodegeneration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273459. [PMID: 37854609 PMCID: PMC10579804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between peripheral immune cells and the brain is an important component of the neuroimmune axis. Unconventional T cells, which include natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, γδ T cells, and other poorly defined subsets, are a special group of T lymphocytes that recognize a wide range of nonpolymorphic ligands and are the connection between adaptive and innate immunity. Recently, an increasing number of complex functions of these unconventional T cells in brain homeostasis and various brain disorders have been revealed. In this review, we describe the classification and effector function of unconventional T cells, review the evidence for the involvement of unconventional T cells in the regulation of brain homeostasis, summarize the roles and mechanisms of unconventional T cells in the regulation of brain injury and neurodegeneration, and discuss immunotherapeutic potential as well as future research goals. Insight of these processes can shed light on the regulation of T cell immunity on brain homeostasis and diseases and provide new clues for therapeutic approaches targeting brain injury and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Lv
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaolong Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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3
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El Saftawy EA, Turkistani SA, Alghabban HM, Albadawi EA, Ibrahim BEA, Morsy S, Farag MF, Al Hariry NS, Shash RY, Elkazaz A, Amin NM. Effects of Lactobacilli acidophilus and/or spiramycin as an adjunct in toxoplasmosis infection challenged with diabetes. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2023; 32:e00201. [PMID: 37719029 PMCID: PMC10504688 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study assessed the anti-parasitic impact of probiotics on Toxoplasma gondii infection either solely or challenged with diabetes in Swiss albino mice. The study design encompassed group-A (diabetic), group-B (non-diabetic), and healthy controls (C). Each group was divided into infected-untreated (subgroup-1); infected and spiramycin-treated (subgroup-2); infected and probiotic-treated (subgroup-3); infected and spiramycin+ probiotic-treated (subgroup-4). Diabetic-untreated animals exhibited acute toxoplasmosis and higher cerebral parasite load. Overall, various treatments reduced intestinal pathology, improved body weight, and decreased mortalities; nevertheless, probiotic + spiramycin exhibited significant differences. On day 7 post-infection both PD-1 and IL-17A demonstrated higher scores in the intestine of diabetic-untreated mice compared with non-diabetics and healthy control; whereas, claudin-1 revealed worsening expression. Likewise, on day 104 post-infection cerebral PD-1 and IL-17A showed increased expressions in diabetic animals. Overall, treatment modalities revealed lower scores of PD-1 and IL-17A in non-diabetic subgroups compared with diabetics. Intestinal and cerebral expressions of IL-17A and PD-1 demonstrated positive correlations with cerebral parasite load. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis when challenged with diabetes showed massive pathological features and higher parasite load in the cerebral tissues. Probiotics are a promising adjunct to spiramycin by ameliorating IL-17A and PD-1 in the intestinal and cerebral tissues, improving the intestinal expression of claudin-1, and efficiently reducing the cerebral parasite load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas A. El Saftawy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hadel M. Alghabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad A. Albadawi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma EA Ibrahim
- Physiological Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Suzan Morsy
- Pathological Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Farag
- Medical Physiology Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rania Y. Shash
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aly Elkazaz
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Amin
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Paseban T, Alavi MS, Etemad L, Roohbakhsh A. The role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in neurological disorders: a mechanistic review. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:531-552. [PMID: 37428709 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2235718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholesterol homeostasis is critical for normal brain function. It is tightly controlled by various biological elements. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane transporter that effluxes cholesterol from cells, particularly astrocytes, into the extracellular space. The recent studies pertaining to ABCA1's role in CNS disorders were included in this study. AREAS COVERED In this comprehensive literature review, preclinical and human studies showed that ABCA1 has a significant role in the following diseases or disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, anxiety, depression, psychosis, epilepsy, stroke, and brain ischemia and trauma. EXPERT OPINION ABCA1 via modulating normal and aberrant brain functions such as apoptosis, phagocytosis, BBB leakage, neuroinflammation, amyloid β efflux, myelination, synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and neurotransmission promotes beneficial effects in aforementioned diseases. ABCA1 is a key molecule in the CNS. By boosting its expression or function, some CNS disorders may be resolved. In preclinical studies, liver X receptor agonists have shown promise in treating CNS disorders via ABCA1 and apoE enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Paseban
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Douglas A, Stevens B, Lynch L. Interleukin-17 as a key player in neuroimmunometabolism. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1088-1100. [PMID: 37488456 PMCID: PMC10440016 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, interleukin (IL)-17 cytokines are produced by innate and adaptive lymphocytes. However, the IL-17 family has widespread expression throughout evolution, dating as far back as cnidaria, molluscs and worms, which predate lymphocytes. The evolutionary conservation of IL-17 suggests that it is involved in innate defence strategies, but also that this cytokine family has a fundamental role beyond typical host defence. Throughout evolution, IL-17 seems to have a major function in homeostatic maintenance at barrier sites. Most recently, a pivotal role has been identified for IL-17 in regulating cellular metabolism, neuroimmunology and tissue physiology, particularly in adipose tissue. Here we review the emerging role of IL-17 signalling in regulating metabolic processes, which may shine a light on the evolutionary role of IL-17 beyond typical immune responses. We propose that IL-17 helps to coordinate the cross-talk among the nervous, endocrine and immune systems for whole-body energy homeostasis as a key player in neuroimmunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Douglas
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, TBSI, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brenneth Stevens
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, TBSI, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lydia Lynch
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, TBSI, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Luo L, Guo Y, Chen L, Zhu J, Li C. Crosstalk between cholesterol metabolism and psoriatic inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124786. [PMID: 37234169 PMCID: PMC10206135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoinflammatory skin disease associated with multiple comorbidities, with a prevalence ranging from 2 to 3% in the general population. Decades of preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that alterations in cholesterol and lipid metabolism are strongly associated with psoriasis. Cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-17), which are important in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, have been shown to affect cholesterol and lipid metabolism. Cholesterol metabolites and metabolic enzymes, on the other hand, influence not only the biofunction of keratinocytes (a primary type of cell in the epidermis) in psoriasis, but also the immune response and inflammation. However, the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and psoriasis has not been thoroughly reviewed. This review mainly focuses on cholesterol metabolism disturbances in psoriasis and their crosstalk with psoriatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youming Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengrang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Proinflammatory IL-17 levels in serum/cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative diseases: a meta-analysis study. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:577-588. [PMID: 36504126 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 is one of the major proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathophysiology of various chronic inflammatory diseases. However, a clear association between the levels of IL-17 and various neurodegenerative diseases is inconclusive due to lack of consistent results reported in several studies. Therefore, we designed and performed a meta-analysis study to assess the levels of IL-17 cytokine in various neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this meta-analysis study was to assess the level of IL-17 in cerebrospinal fluid/serum of the patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. An extensive search was performed on electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar to find out the relevant studies for analysis. The quality of selected studies was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort and case control studies. The standardized mean difference of level of IL-17 in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and control was calculated using RevMan 5 software. A significant increase in the level of serum IL-17 was found to in the patients with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (p = 0.001) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (p = 0.009), whereas IL-17 level in serum of Parkinson's disease (p = 0.22), multiple sclerosis (p = 0.09), and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients (p = 0.34) was not found to be significant. IL-17 may be involved in regulation of neuronal inflammation during the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative disease, and its specific inhibition could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Hagino T, Saeki H, Fujimoto E, Kanda N. Effects of Biologic Therapy on Laboratory Indicators of Cardiometabolic Diseases in Patients with Psoriasis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051934. [PMID: 36902720 PMCID: PMC10004419 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is associated with cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Biologic therapy targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-23, and IL-17 may improve not only psoriasis but also cardiometabolic diseases. We retrospectively evaluated whether biologic therapy improved various indicators of cardiometabolic disease. Between January 2010 and September 2022, 165 patients with psoriasis were treated with biologics targeting TNF-α, IL-17, or IL-23. The patients' body mass index; serum levels of HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and uric acid (UA); and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded at weeks 0, 12, and 52 of the treatment. Baseline psoriasis area and severity index (week 0) positively correlated with TG and UA levels but negatively correlated with HDL-C levels, which increased at week 12 of IFX treatment compared to those at week 0. UA levels decreased at week 12 after ADA treatment compared with week 0. HDL-C levels decreased 52 weeks after IXE treatment. In patients treated with TNF-α inhibitors, HDL-C levels increased at week 12, and UA levels decreased at week 52, compared to week 0. Thus, the results at two different time points (at weeks 12 and 52) were inconsistent. However, the results still indicated that TNF-α inhibitors may improve hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Hagino
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai 270-1694, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-476-99-1111
| | - Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Eita Fujimoto
- Fujimoto Dermatology Clinic, Funabashi 274-0063, Japan
| | - Naoko Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai 270-1694, Japan
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9
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Ye X, Chen J, Pan J, Wu Q, Wang Y, Lu M, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Ma M, Zhu J, Vella AT, Wan J, Wang K. Interleukin-17 Promotes the Infiltration of CD8+ T Cells into the Brain in a Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:135-153. [PMID: 36394561 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2136525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-17 (IL-17) family cytokines play critical roles in inflammation and pathogen resistance. Inflammation in the central nervous system, denoted as neuroinflammation, promotes the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies showed that IL-17A neutralizing antibody treatment alleviated Amyloid β (Aβ) burden in rodent models of AD, while overexpression of IL-17A in mouse lateral ventricles rescued part of the AD pathology. However, the involvement of IL-17 in AD and its mechanism of action remain largely unknown. METHODS To investigate the role of IL-17 in AD, we crossed mice lacking the common receptor of IL-17 signaling (IL-17RA knockout mice) to the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. We then analyzed the composition of immune cells and cytokines/chemokines during different phases of AD pathology, and interrogated the underlying mechanism by which IL-17 may regulate immune cell infiltration into AD brains. RESULTS Ablation of IL-17RA in APP/PS1 mice decreased infiltration of CD8+ T cells and myeloid cells to mouse brain. IL-17 was able to promote the production of myeloid- and T cell-attracting chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL9/10 in primary glial cells. We also observed that IL-17 is upregulated in the late stage of AD development, and ectopic expression of IL-17 via adenoviral infection to the cortex trended towards worsened cognition in APP/PS1 mice, suggesting a pathogenic role of excessive IL-17 in AD. CONCLUSION Our data show that IL-17 signaling promotes neuroinflammation in AD by accelerating the infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes and Gr1+ CD11b+ myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jie Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengqian Lu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengrong Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Guangxi Neurological Diseases Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Muyan Ma
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinyong Zhu
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, TNLIST, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Liu Y, Tan Y, Zhang Z, Li H, Yi M, Zhang Z, Hui S, Peng W. Neuroimmune mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease: Insights into central and peripheral immune cell crosstalk. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101831. [PMID: 36565960 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly life-threatening neurodegenerative disease. Dysregulation of the immune system plays a critical role in promoting AD, which has attracted extensive attention recently. Central and peripheral immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Immune changes precede Aβ-associated senile plaque formation and tau-related neurofibrillary tangles, which are the recognised pathological features of AD. Therefore, elucidating immune-related mechanisms underlying the development of AD can help to prevent and treat AD at the source by blocking its progression before the development of pathological changes. To understand the specific pathogenesis of AD, it is important to examine the role of central and peripheral immunity in AD. This review summarises immune-related mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AD, focusing on the effect of various central and peripheral immune cells, and describes the possible crosstalk between central and peripheral immunity during the development of AD. This review provides novel insights into the treatment of AD and offers a new direction for immune-related research on AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Yejun Tan
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- YangSheng College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Shan Hui
- Department of Geratology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China.
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
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11
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Feng W, Zhang Y, Sun P, Xiao M. Acquired immunity and Alzheimer's disease. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:15-29. [PMID: 36165328 PMCID: PMC9898041 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive defects. The role of the central immune system dominated by microglia in the progression of AD has been extensively investigated. However, little is known about the peripheral immune system in AD pathogenesis. Recently, with the discovery of the meningeal lymphatic vessels and glymphatic system, the roles of the acquired immunity in the maintenance of central homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases have attracted an increasing attention. The T cells not only regulate the function of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells, but also participate in the clearance of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. Apart from producing antibodies to bind Aβ peptides, the B cells affect Aβ-related cascades via a variety of antibody-independent mechanisms. This review systemically summarizes the recent progress in understanding pathophysiological roles of the T cells and B cells in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,Weixi Feng, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China. Tel: +86-25-86869338; E-mail:
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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12
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Mohamed YT, Salama A, Rabie MA, Abd El Fattah MA. Neuroprotective effect of secukinumab against rotenone induced Parkinson's disease in rat model: Involvement of IL-17, HMGB-1/TLR4 axis and BDNF/TrKB cascade. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109571. [PMID: 36527875 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory status produced via activation of toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and interleukin-17 receptor (IL-17R) is one of the principal mechanisms involved in dopaminergic neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). Activation of TLR-4 and IL-17R stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6) production that augments neurodegeneration and reduces neuro-survival axis (TrKB/Akt/CREB/BDNF). So, reducing IL-17-driven neuroinflammation via secukinumab, monoclonal antibody against IL-17A, may be one of therapeutic approach for PD. Moreover, the aim was extended to delineate the possible neuroprotective mechanism involved against neuronal loss in rotenone induced PD in rats. Rats received 11 subcutaneous injection of rotenone (1.5 mg/kg) every other day for 21 consecutive days and treated with 2 subcutaneous injections of secukinumab (15 mg/kg) on day 9 and 15, one hour after rotenone administration. Treatment with secukinumab improved motor impairment and muscle incoordination induced by rotenone, as verified by open field and rotarod tests. Moreover, secukinumab attenuated neuronal loss and improve histopathological profile. Noteworthy, secukinumab reduces neuro-inflammatory status by hindering the interaction between IL and 17A and IL-17RA together with inhibiting the activation of TLR-4 and its downstream cascade including pS536-NFκB p65, IL-1β and HMGB-1. Additionally, secukinumab stimulated neuro-survival signalling cascade via activation pY515-TrKB receptor and triggered upsurge in its downstream targets (pS473-Akt/pS133-CREB/BDNF). Furthermore, secukinumab increased striatal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoexpression, the rate limiting step in dopamine biosynthesis, to guard against dopaminergic neuronal loss. In conclusion, secukinumab exerts a neuroprotective effect against rotenone induced neuronal loss via inhibition IL17A/IL17RA interaction and HMGB-1/TLR-4/NF-κBp65/IL1β signalling cascade, together with activation of TrKB/ Akt/CREB/BDNF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara T Mohamed
- Maintenance & Calibration unit, Technical Support Department, National Organization of Research & Biologicals, Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mai A Abd El Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Liu W, Fan M, Lu W, Zhu W, Meng L, Lu S. Emerging Roles of T Helper Cells in Non-Infectious Neuroinflammation: Savior or Sinner. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872167. [PMID: 35844577 PMCID: PMC9280647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells, also known as T helper (Th) cells, contribute to the adaptive immunity both in the periphery and in the central nervous system (CNS). At least seven subsets of Th cells along with their signature cytokines have been identified nowadays. Neuroinflammation denotes the brain’s immune response to inflammatory conditions. In recent years, various CNS disorders have been related to the dysregulation of adaptive immunity, especially the process concerning Th cells and their cytokines. However, as the functions of Th cells are being discovered, it’s also found that their roles in different neuroinflammatory conditions, or even the participation of a specific Th subset in one CNS disorder may differ, and sometimes contrast. Based on those recent and contradictory evidence, the conflicting roles of Th cells in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury as well as some typical mental disorders will be reviewed herein. Research progress, limitations and novel approaches concerning different neuroinflammatory conditions will also be mentioned and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meiyang Fan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
| | - Liesu Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
| | - Shemin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
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14
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Fu J, Huang Y, Bao T, Liu C, Liu X, Chen X. The role of Th17 cells/IL-17A in AD, PD, ALS and the strategic therapy targeting on IL-17A. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:98. [PMID: 35459141 PMCID: PMC9034482 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive loss of certain populations of neurons, which eventually lead to dysfunction. These diseases include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Immune pathway dysregulation is one of the common features of neurodegeneration. Recently, there is growing interest in the specific role of T helper Th 17 cells and Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), the most important cytokine of Th 17 cells, in the pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we summarized current knowledge about the function of Th17/IL-17A, the physiology of Th17/IL-17A in diseases, and the contribution of Th17/IL-17A in AD, PD, and ALS. We also update the findings on IL-17A-targeting drugs as potentially immunomodulatory therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. Although the specific mechanism of Th17/IL-17A in this group of diseases is still controversial, uncovering the molecular pathways of Th17/IL-17A in neurodegeneration allows the identification of suitable targets to modulate these cellular processes. Therapeutics targeting IL-17A might represent potentially novel anti-neurodegeneration drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Fu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37#, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Bao
- Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37#, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Brigas HC, Ribeiro M, Coelho JE, Gomes R, Gomez-Murcia V, Carvalho K, Faivre E, Costa-Pereira S, Darrigues J, de Almeida AA, Buée L, Dunot J, Marie H, Pousinha PA, Blum D, Silva-Santos B, Lopes LV, Ribot JC. IL-17 triggers the onset of cognitive and synaptic deficits in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109574. [PMID: 34469732 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related mouse models has been recognized for decades, but the contribution of the recently described meningeal immune population to AD pathogenesis remains to be addressed. Here, using the 3xTg-AD model, we report an accumulation of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing cells, mostly γδ T cells, in the brain and the meninges of female, but not male, mice, concomitant with the onset of cognitive decline. Critically, IL-17 neutralization into the ventricles is sufficient to prevent short-term memory and synaptic plasticity deficits at early stages of disease. These effects precede blood-brain barrier disruption and amyloid-beta or tau pathology, implying an early involvement of IL-17 in AD pathology. When IL-17 is neutralized at later stages of disease, the onset of short-memory deficits and amyloidosis-related splenomegaly is delayed. Altogether, our data support the idea that cognition relies on a finely regulated balance of "inflammatory" cytokines derived from the meningeal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C Brigas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana E Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Victoria Gomez-Murcia
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Kevin Carvalho
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Faivre
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Sara Costa-Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Julie Darrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Afonso Antunes de Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luc Buée
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Jade Dunot
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Hélène Marie
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Paula A Pousinha
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - David Blum
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa V Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Julie C Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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16
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Yan XZ, Lai L, Ao Q, Tian XH, Zhang YH. Interleukin-17A in Alzheimer's disease: recent advances and controversies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:372-383. [PMID: 34429057 PMCID: PMC9413786 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210823110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects older adults. Although the global burden of AD is increasing year by year, the causes of AD remain largely unknown. Numerous basic and clinical studies have shown that interleukin-17A (IL-17A) may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD. A comprehensive assessment of the role of IL-17A in AD would benefit the diagnosis, understanding of etiology and treatment. However, over the past decade, controversies remain regarding the expression level and role of IL-17A in AD. We have incorporated newly published researches and point out that IL-17A expression levels may vary along with the development of AD, exercising different roles at different stages of AD, although much more work remains to be done to support the potential role of IL-17A in AD-related pathology. Here, it is our intention to review the underlying mechanisms of IL-17A in AD and address the current controversies in an effort to clarify the results of existing research and suggest future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zhu Yan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122. China
| | - Laijun Lai
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT. 0
| | - Qiang Ao
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Tian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122. China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122. China
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17
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ATP-binding cassette transporters and neurodegenerative diseases. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:1013-1024. [PMID: 34415015 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest groups of transporter families in humans. ABC transporters mediate the translocation of a diverse range of substrates across cellular membranes, including amino acids, nucleosides, lipids, sugars and xenobiotics. Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of brain diseases that detrimentally affect neurons and other brain cells and are usually associated with deposits of pathogenic proteins in the brain. Major neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ABC transporters are highly expressed in the brain and have been implicated in a number of pathological processes underlying neurodegenerative diseases. This review outlines the current understanding of the role of ABC transporters in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on some of the most important pathways, and also suggests future directions for research in this field.
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18
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Latimer CS, Lucot KL, Keene CD, Cholerton B, Montine TJ. Genetic Insights into Alzheimer's Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 16:351-376. [PMID: 33497263 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a pervasive, relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder that includes both hereditary and sporadic forms linked by common underlying neuropathologic changes and neuropsychological manifestations. While a clinical diagnosis is often made on the basis of initial memory dysfunction that progresses to involve multiple cognitive domains, definitive diagnosis requires autopsy examination of the brain to identify amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary degeneration. Over the past 100 years, there has been remarkable progress in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic processes, pathologic changes, and clinical phenotypes of AD, largely because genetic pathways that include but expand beyond amyloid processing have been uncovered. This review discusses the current state of understanding of the genetics of AD with a focus on how these advances are both shaping our understanding of the disease and informing novel avenues and approaches for development of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
| | - Katherine L Lucot
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA;
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
| | - Brenna Cholerton
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA;
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA;
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19
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Jacobo-Albavera L, Domínguez-Pérez M, Medina-Leyte DJ, González-Garrido A, Villarreal-Molina T. The Role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041593. [PMID: 33562440 PMCID: PMC7915494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is essential in normal physiology of all cells. One of several proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis is the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a transmembrane protein widely expressed in many tissues. One of its main functions is the efflux of intracellular free cholesterol and phospholipids across the plasma membrane to combine with apolipoproteins, mainly apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), forming nascent high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) particles, the first step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In addition, ABCA1 regulates cholesterol and phospholipid content in the plasma membrane affecting lipid rafts, microparticle (MP) formation and cell signaling. Thus, it is not surprising that impaired ABCA1 function and altered cholesterol homeostasis may affect many different organs and is involved in the pathophysiology of a broad array of diseases. This review describes evidence obtained from animal models, human studies and genetic variation explaining how ABCA1 is involved in dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), thrombosis, neurological disorders, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, viral infections and in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Jacobo-Albavera
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Mayra Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Diana Jhoseline Medina-Leyte
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City CP04510, Mexico
| | - Antonia González-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Teresa Villarreal-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Ye JY, Hao Q, Zong Y, Shen Y, Zhang Z, Ma C. Sophocarpine Attenuates Cognitive Impairment and Promotes Neurogenesis in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 28:166-177. [PMID: 34320497 DOI: 10.1159/000508655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by abnormal deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and impaired neurogenesis and cognition, still lacks an optimally effective therapeutic agent for its management, and mounting evidence has shown that inflammatory processes are implicated in AD. Sophocarpine has been reported to exert inflammation-regulating effects in various diseases. However, whether sophocarpine can exert anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects in AD remains unclear. This study investigated whether sophocarpine could ameliorate the pathological features and potential mechanisms in a mouse AD model. METHODS APP/PS1 mice were treated with sophocarpine for 8 weeks. We quantified the effects of sophocarpine treatment on cognitive performance using a behavioral test. Brain Aβ deposits and neurogenesis were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. We also assessed the morphology and inflammatory changes induced by sophocarpine administration and its expression in the hippocampus. RESULTS Administration of sophocarpine significantly alleviated cognitive impairment and reduced neural loss. APP/PS1 mice treated with sophocarpine showed reduced Aβ plaque deposits and enhanced neurogenesis. Sophocarpine markedly decreased the expression of inflammation markers and inhibited microglial activation. CONCLUSIONS Sophocarpine could potentially alleviate cognitive impairment and brain damage in APP/PS1 mice with its neuroprotective effects via modulation of the inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ya Ye
- Department of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhang, China
| | - Qingmao Hao
- Department of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhang, China
| | - Yijun Zong
- Department of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhang, China
| | - Yongqing Shen
- Department of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhang, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhang, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhang, China
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21
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Flores-Cuadra JA, Madrid A, Fernández PL, Pérez-Lao AR, Oviedo DC, Britton GB, Carreira MB. Critical Review of the Alzheimer's Disease Non-Transgenic Models: Can They Contribute to Disease Treatment? J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 82:S227-S250. [PMID: 33216029 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing neurodegenerative disease without effective treatments or therapies. Despite the use of different approaches and an extensive variety of genetic amyloid based models, therapeutic strategies remain elusive. AD is characterized by three main pathological hallmarks that include amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammatory processes; however, many other pathological mechanisms have been described in the literature. Nonetheless, the study of the disease and the screening of potential therapies is heavily weighted toward the study of amyloid-β transgenic models. Non-transgenic models may aid in the study of complex pathological states and provide a suitable complementary alternative to evaluating therapeutic biomedical and intervention strategies. In this review, we evaluate the literature on non-transgenic alternatives, focusing on the use of these models for testing therapeutic strategies, and assess their contribution to understanding AD. This review aims to underscore the need for a shift in preclinical research on intervention strategies for AD from amyloid-based to alternative, complementary non-amyloid approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Flores-Cuadra
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Alanna Madrid
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Patricia L Fernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Ambar R Pérez-Lao
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Diana C Oviedo
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá.,Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua (USMA), Panamá
| | - Gabrielle B Britton
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Maria B Carreira
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
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Chen J, Liu X, Zhong Y. Interleukin-17A: The Key Cytokine in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:566922. [PMID: 33132897 PMCID: PMC7550684 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.566922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the loss of neurons and/or myelin sheath, which deteriorate over time and cause dysfunction. Interleukin 17A is the signature cytokine of a subset of CD4+ helper T cells known as Th17 cells, and the IL-17 cytokine family contains six cytokines and five receptors. Recently, several studies have suggested a pivotal role for the interleukin-17A (IL-17A) cytokine family in human inflammatory or autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and glaucoma. Studies in recent years have shown that the mechanism of action of IL-17A is more subtle than simply causing inflammation. Although the specific mechanism of IL-17A in neurodegenerative diseases is still controversial, it is generally accepted now that IL-17A causes diseases by activating glial cells. In this review article, we will focus on the function of IL-17A, in particular the proposed roles of IL-17A, in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Milovanovic J, Arsenijevic A, Stojanovic B, Kanjevac T, Arsenijevic D, Radosavljevic G, Milovanovic M, Arsenijevic N. Interleukin-17 in Chronic Inflammatory Neurological Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:947. [PMID: 32582147 PMCID: PMC7283538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical role for IL-17, a cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has been indicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A positive effect of blockade of IL-17 secreted by autoreactive T cells has been shown in various inflammatory diseases. Several cytokines, whose production is affected by environmental factors, control Th17 differentiation and its maintenance in tissues during chronic inflammation. The roles of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of chronic neuroinflammatory conditions, multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), Alzheimer's disease, and ischemic brain injury are reviewed here. The role of environmental stimuli in Th17 differentiation is also summarized, highlighting the role of viral infection in the regulation of pathogenic T helper cells in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Milovanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stojanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kanjevac
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gordana Radosavljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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24
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Elahi FM, Casaletto KB, La Joie R, Walters SM, Harvey D, Wolf A, Edwards L, Rivera-Contreras W, Karydas A, Cobigo Y, Rosen HJ, DeCarli C, Miller BL, Rabinovici GD, Kramer JH. Plasma biomarkers of astrocytic and neuronal dysfunction in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:681-695. [PMID: 31879236 PMCID: PMC7138729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated plasma proteomic markers of astrocytopathy, brain degeneration, plasticity, and inflammation in sporadic early-onset versus late-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD and LOAD). METHODS Plasma was analyzed using ultra-sensitive immuno-based assays from 33 EOAD, 30 LOAD, and 36 functionally normal older adults. RESULTS Principle component analyses identified 3 factors: trophic (BDNF, VEGF, TGFβ), degenerative (GFAP, NfL), and inflammatory (TNFα, IL-6, IP-10, IL-10). Trophic factor was elevated in both AD groups and associated with cognition and gray matter volumes. Degenerative factor was elevated in EOAD, with higher levels associated with worse functioning in this group. Biomarkers of inflammation were not significantly different between groups and were only associated with age. DISUCSSION Plasma proteomic biomarkers provide novel means of investigating molecular processes in vivo and their contributions to clinical outcomes. We present initial investigations of several of these fluid biomarkers, capturing aspects of astrocytopathy, neuronal injury, cellular plasticity, and inflammation in EOAD versus LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny M Elahi
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin B Casaletto
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samantha M Walters
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amy Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Edwards
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wilfredo Rivera-Contreras
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yann Cobigo
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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25
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Liu H, Jiang X, Gao X, Tian W, Xu C, Wang R, Xu Y, Wei L, Cao F, Li W. Identification of N-benzothiazolyl-2-benzenesulfonamides as novel ABCA1 expression upregulators. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:411-418. [PMID: 33479646 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00556k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a critical transporter that mediates cellular cholesterol efflux from macrophages to apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I). Therefore, increasing the expression level of ABCA1 is anti-atherogenic and ABCA1 expression upregulators have become novel choices for atherosclerosis treatment. In this study, a series of N-benzothiazolyl-2-benzenesulfonamides, based on the structure of WY06 discovered in our laboratory, were designed and synthesized as novel ABCA1 expression upregulators. Based on an in vitro ABCA1 upregulatory cell model, ABCA1 upregulation of target compounds was evaluated. Compounds 6c, 6d, and 6i have good upregulated ABCA1 expression activities, with EC50 values of 0.97, 0.37, and 0.41 μM, respectively. A preliminary structure-activity relationship is summarized. Replacing the methoxy group on the benzothiazole moiety of WY06 with a fluorine or chlorine atom and exchanging the ester group with a cyano group resulted in more potent ABCA1 upregulating activity. Moreover, compound 6i increased ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression and significantly promoted cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, N-benzothiazolyl-2-benzenesulfonamides were identified as novel ABCA1 expression upregulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy , Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang 05005 , China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , 050024 , China .
| | - Xinhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC) , Beijing 100050 , China .
| | - Xinfeng Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , 050024 , China .
| | - Wenhua Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , 050024 , China .
| | - Chen Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , 050024 , China .
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , 050024 , China .
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC) , Beijing 100050 , China .
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Cardiology , Tianjin Union Medical Center , Nankai University Affiliated Hospital , 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao , Tianjin 300121 , P. R. China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853 , China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , 050024 , China .
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26
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Nothdurfter C, Milenkovic VM, Sarubin N, Hilbert S, Manook A, Weigl J, Almeqbaali K, Wetzel CH, Rupprecht R, Baghai TC. The cytokine IL-17A as a marker of treatment resistance in major depressive disorder? Eur J Neurosci 2019; 53:172-182. [PMID: 31793127 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a complex disease and-among others, inflammation appears to play an important role in its pathophysiology. In this study, we investigated a broad range of cytokines in depressed patients. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-12/ IL-23p40, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-1α, IL-7, tumor necrosis factorβ and vascular endothelial growth factor were compared in 48 patients suffering from major depression before, after one and after six weeks of antidepressive treatment in relation to therapy response. Interestingly, the level of IL-17A turned out to rise significantly in the non-responder group compared to responder during antidepressive treatment. IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that initiates the production of other cytokines, thereby inducing and mediating immune response. It is also involved in allergic and autoimmune-related diseases. The database investigating the role of IL-17A in major depressive disorder has grown within the last few years comparing levels of this cytokine in depressed patients versus healthy subjects. However, little is known about the expression of IL-17A during the course of antidepressive treatment. In summary, our study provides valuable evidence that this cytokine might serve as a marker of therapy resistance to antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Nothdurfter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir M Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nina Sarubin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Psychological Methods and Assessment, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Hilbert
- Faculty of Psychology, Educational Science and Sport Science, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - André Manook
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Weigl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Khalifa Almeqbaali
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian H Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas C Baghai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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27
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Talwar P, Kushwaha S, Gupta R, Agarwal R. Systemic Immune Dyshomeostasis Model and Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:290. [PMID: 31736740 PMCID: PMC6838686 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) still remains an enigma for researchers and clinicians. The onset of AD is insidious, gradually progressive and multifactorial. The recent accumulated scientific evidences suggests that the pathological changes resemble the autoimmune-driven self-sustaining inflammatory process as a result of prolonged oxidative stress and immune dyshomeostasis. Apart from aging, during life span various other factors-mainly environmental, lifestyle, chronic stress, polymicrobial infections and neuroendocrine functions-affect the immune system. Here, we provide crosstalk among "trigger insults/inflammatory stimulus" i.e., polymicrobial infection, chronic stress, pro-inflammatory diet and cholinergic signaling to put forward a "Systemic Immune Dyshomeostasis" model as to connect the events leading to AD development and progression. Our model implicates altered cholinergic signaling and suggests pathological stages with various modifiable risk factors and triggers at different chronological age and stage of cognitive decline. The search of specific autoantibodies for AD which may serve as the suitable blood/CSF biomarkers should be actively pursued for the early diagnosis of AD. The preventive and therapeutic strategies should be directed towards maintaining the normal functioning of the immune system throughout the life span and specific modulation of the immune responses in the brain depending on the stage of changes in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Talwar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suman Kushwaha
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Agarwal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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28
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Alasmari F, Alshammari MA, Alasmari AF, Alanazi WA, Alhazzani K. Neuroinflammatory Cytokines Induce Amyloid Beta Neurotoxicity through Modulating Amyloid Precursor Protein Levels/Metabolism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3087475. [PMID: 30498753 PMCID: PMC6222241 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3087475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been observed in association with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, a positive correlation has been documented between neuroinflammatory cytokine release and the progression of the AD, which suggests these cytokines are involved in AD pathophysiology. A histological hallmark of the AD is the presence of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Beta-amyloid is generated by the sequential cleavage of beta (β) and gamma (γ) sites in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretase enzymes and its accumulation can result from either a decreased Aβ clearance or increased metabolism of APP. Previous studies reported that neuroinflammatory cytokines reduce the efflux transport of Aβ, leading to elevated Aβ concentrations in the brain. However, less is known about the effects of neuroinflammatory mediators on APP expression and metabolism. In this article, we review the modulatory role of neuroinflammatory cytokines on APP expression and metabolism, including their effects on β- and γ-secretase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad A. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Sarkaki A, Farbood Y, Badavi M, Ghadiri A, Ghasemi Dehcheshmeh M, Mansouri E, Navabi SP. The protective effect of betulinic acid on microvascular responsivity and protein expression in alzheimer disease induced by cerebral micro-injection of beta-amyloid and streptozotocin. Microcirculation 2018; 25:e12503. [PMID: 30178892 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly caused by accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in vessels or parenchyma of the brain. Accordingly, natural compounds such as betulinic acid (BA) might improve the AD signs by increase in blood flow and through reduction in amyloid plaques. METHODS Intra-hippocampal injection of BA (0.2 and 0.4 μmol/L /10 μL DMSO /rat) was done at intervals of 180 and 10 min before co-microinjection of 0.1 μmol/L Aβ dissolved in PBS (5 μL/rat, hippocampi) and 1.5 mg/kg Streptozotocin dissolved in aCSF (10 μL/rat, lateral ventricles). Cerebro-vascular responsivity tested by Laser Doppler, BBB leakage, Elisa assays of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-10), and Western blot analysis of proteins (BDNF and AchE) in the hippocampus were assessed 1 month after the injections. RESULTS Microvascular reaction and BBB function were significantly impaired in AD rats, which were improved via BA pretreatment. BA could increase BDNF expression and decrease cytokine levels in the hippocampus of AD rats (especially 0.1 μmol/L Aβ: 0.4 μmol/L BA); however, no significant changes were detected in the blotting of AchE among the groups. CONCLUSIONS Betulinic acid could have a role in AD through protecting microcirculation, alleviating inflammation, and up-regulating BDNF expression which is clearer toward 1:4 molar ratios of Aβ to BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Navabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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30
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Rueda N, Vidal V, García-Cerro S, Narcís JO, Llorens-Martín M, Corrales A, Lantigua S, Iglesias M, Merino J, Merino R, Martínez-Cué C. Anti-IL17 treatment ameliorates Down syndrome phenotypes in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:235-251. [PMID: 29758264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by structural and functional anomalies that are present prenatally and that lead to intellectual disabilities. Later in life, the cognitive abilities of DS individuals progressively deteriorate due to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated neuropathology (i.e., β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neurodegeneration, synaptic pathology, neuroinflammation and increased oxidative stress). Increasing evidence has shown that among these pathological processes, neuroinflammation plays a predominant role in AD etiopathology. In AD mouse models, increased neuroinflammation appears earlier than Aβ plaques and NFTs, and in DS and AD models, neuroinflammation exacerbates the levels of soluble and insoluble Aβ species, favoring neurodegeneration. The Ts65Dn (TS) mouse, the most commonly used murine model of DS, recapitulates many alterations present in both DS and AD individuals, including enhanced neuroinflammation. In this study, we observed an altered neuroinflammatory milieu in the hippocampus of the TS mouse model. Pro-inflammatory mediators that were elevated in the hippocampus of this model included pro-inflammatory cytokine IL17A, which has a fundamental role in mediating brain damage in neuroinflammatory processes. Here, we analyzed the ability of an anti-IL17A antibody to reduce the neuropathological alterations that are present in TS mice during early neurodevelopmental stages (i.e., hippocampal neurogenesis and hypocellularity) or that are aggravated in later-life stages (i.e., cognitive abilities, cholinergic neuronal loss and increased cellular senescence, APP expression, Aβ peptide expression and neuroinflammation). Administration of anti-IL17 for 5 months, starting at the age of 7 months, partially improved the cognitive abilities of the TS mice, reduced the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and the density of activated microglia and normalized the APP and Aβ1-42 levels in the hippocampi of the TS mice. These results suggest that IL17-mediated neuroinflammation is involved in several AD phenotypes in TS mice and provide a new therapeutic target to reduce these pathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Verónica Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Josep Oriol Narcís
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - María Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSICUAM, Madrid, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Corrales
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sara Lantigua
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcos Iglesias
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jesús Merino
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ramón Merino
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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31
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Rakic S, Hung YMA, Smith M, So D, Tayler HM, Varney W, Wild J, Harris S, Holmes C, Love S, Stewart W, Nicoll JAR, Boche D. Systemic infection modifies the neuroinflammatory response in late stage Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:88. [PMID: 30193587 PMCID: PMC6127939 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies indicate that systemic infections accelerate cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models suggest that this may be due to enhanced pro-inflammatory changes in the brain. We have performed a post-mortem human study to determine whether systemic infection modifies the neuropathology and in particular, neuroinflammation, in the late-stage of the disease. Sections of cerebral cortex and underlying white matter from controls and Alzheimer's patients who died with or without a terminal systemic infection were immunolabelled and quantified for: (i) Αβ and phosphorylated-tau; (ii) the inflammation-related proteins Iba1, CD68, HLA-DR, FcγRs (CD64, CD32a, CD32b, CD16), CHIL3L1, IL4R and CCR2; and (iii) T-cell marker CD3. In Alzheimer's disease, the synaptic proteins synaptophysin and PSD-95 were quantified by ELISA, and the inflammatory proteins and mRNAs by MesoScale Discovery Multiplex Assays and qPCR, respectively. Systemic infection in Alzheimer's disease was associated with decreased CD16 (p = 0.027, grey matter) and CD68 (p = 0.015, white matter); increased CD64 (p = 0.017, white matter) as well as increased protein expression of IL6 (p = 0.047) and decreased IL5 (p = 0.007), IL7 (p = 0.002), IL12/IL23p40 (p = 0.001), IL15 (p = 0.008), IL16 (p < 0.001) and IL17A (p < 0.001). Increased expression of anti-inflammatory genes CHI3L1 (p = 0.012) and IL4R (p = 0.004) were detected in this group. T-cell recruitment to the brain was reduced when systemic infection was present. However, exposure to systemic infection did not modify the pathology. In Alzheimer's disease, CD68 (p = 0.026), CD64 (p = 0.002), CHI3L1 (p = 0.016), IL4R (p = 0.005) and CCR2 (p = 0.010) were increased independently of systemic infection. Our findings suggest that systemic infections modify neuroinflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease. However, rather than promoting pro-inflammatory changes, as observed in experimental models, they seem to promote an anti-inflammatory, potentially immunosuppressive, environment in the human brain.
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