1
|
Erol N, Erol C. Do sports protect us from COVID-19? An evaluation of COVID-19 infection, vaccination status, and cardiac examination findings in children who exercise. Cardiol Young 2024; 34:771-775. [PMID: 37822192 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951123003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM The COVID-19 pandemic which has devastated the whole world for the past 3 years affects different patient groups differently. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, symptoms, and severity of COVID-19 infection, vaccination status, and cardiac pathologies of children who exercise. MATERIAL AND METHODS The records of the children and adolescents who applied to our paediatric cardiology outpatient clinic for preparticipation examinations between 01.01.22 and 31.12.2022 were scanned retrospectively, and information about their COVID-19 history, the severity of infection, symptoms during the infection, at the time of the examination, and vaccination status was obtained. The results were analysed using MS Excel 2016 software. RESULTS The study consisted of 240 children [82 (34.17%) girls and 158 (65.83%) boys] whose mean age was 12.64 ± 2.64 years, mean weight was 50.03 ± 15.53 kg, mean height was 157 ± 15.09 cm, and mean body mass index was 19.65 ± 3.59. 129 cases had a COVID-19 history, 74 cases had no COVID-19 history, and 37 only had contact but no polymerase chain reaction positivity. 84 cases were mild, 19 were moderate, and 12 were asymptomatic. The most common symptoms were fatigue, malaise, headache, sore throat, and fever. 51 cases (35.15%) were vaccinated against COVID-19. No significant cardiac pathologies were detected in electrocardiography or echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that COVID-19 infections in children who exercise are generally mild and self-limiting. Our findings suggest that exercise may have positive effects on immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurdan Erol
- Pediatric Clinics, Health Sciences University Zeynep Kamil Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Erol
- Istanbul University Informatics Department, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fonseca HAR, Bittencourt CR, Monteiro AM, Fonseca FA, Sanches LR, Ferreira CEDS, Neto AMF, Gidlund M, Izar MC. Immunometabolic and Vascular Health Responses among High Endurance Trained Subjects. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:245-252. [PMID: 37793434 DOI: 10.1055/a-2186-2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of high endurance training on vascular health parameters and immune-endocrine responses against modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. This observational, cross-sectional study included high endurance-trained and healthy non-trained subjects. Vascular ultrasound was used to assess vascular health parameters based on carotid intima-media thickness and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10, autoantibody isotypes anti-oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and anti-apolipoprotein B (ApoB-D) peptide. Plasma levels of the corticosterone and 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone hormones were analyzed by mass spectrometry. This study enrolled 96 subjects, of whom 44 were high endurance trained and 52 were healthy non-trained individuals. Smaller carotid intima-media thickness values were observed in the high-endurance trained than in the healthy non-trained males, while no differences were observed between female groups. Flow-mediated dilation measurements did not differ by training or sex. The humoral immune responses to IgG anti-oxLDL and IgM anti-ApoB-D autoantibodies showed an isotype imbalance between the high-endurance trained and the non-trained groups. Immunoendocrine parameters showed inverse correlations between 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness measurements. Direct correlations were found between IL-10 concentrations and flow-mediated dilation measurements. Chronic high-endurance exercise modulates immune-endocrine and vascular health parameters, in a sex-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique A R Fonseca
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute Biomedical Science IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Celia Regina Bittencourt
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Moreira Monteiro
- Department of Immunology, Institute Biomedical Science IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Antonio Fonseca
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Magnus Gidlund
- Department of Immunology, Institute Biomedical Science IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Izar
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smaira FI, Mazzolani BC, Lemes ÍR, da Silva RP, Pinto AJ, Sieczkowska SM, Aikawa NE, Pasoto SG, Medeiros-Ribeiro AC, Saad CGS, Yuk EFN, Silva CA, Swinton P, Kupa LDVK, Hallal PC, Roschel H, Gualano B, Bonfa E. No Associations Between Physical Activity and Immunogenicity in SARS-CoV-2 Seropositive Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases Prior to and After Vaccination. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:980-983. [PMID: 37290768 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between physical activity and immunogenicity among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases prior to and following a 2-dose schedule of CoronaVac (Sinovac inactivated vaccine). METHODS This was a prospective cohort study within an open-label, single-arm, phase 4 vaccination trial conducted in Sao Paulo, Brazil. In this substudy, only SARS-CoV-2 seropositive patients were included. Immunogenicity was assessed by seroconversion rates of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 immunoglobulin G (IgG), geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG, frequency of positive neutralizing antibodies, and neutralizing activity before and after vaccination. Physical activity was assessed through a questionnaire. Model-based analyses were performed controlling for age (<60 or ≥60 y), sex, body mass index (<25, 25-30, and >30 kg/m2), and use of prednisone, immunosuppressants, and biologics. RESULTS A total of 180 seropositive autoimmune rheumatic disease patients were included. There was no association between physical activity and immunogenicity before and after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the positive association between physical activity and greater antibody responses seen in immunocompromised individuals following vaccination is overridden by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and does not extend to natural immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Infante Smaira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Bruna Caruso Mazzolani
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Ítalo Ribeiro Lemes
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Rafael Pires da Silva
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Ana J Pinto
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,USA
| | - Sofia M Sieczkowska
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Nadia E Aikawa
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Sandra G Pasoto
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Ana C Medeiros-Ribeiro
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Carla G S Saad
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Emily F N Yuk
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Clovis A Silva
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Paul Swinton
- Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen,United Kingdom
| | - Leonard de Vinci Kanda Kupa
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
- Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Eloisa Bonfa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP,Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yedjou CG, Webster S, Osborne D, Liu J, Balagurunathan Y, Odewuni C, Latinwo L, Ngnepiepa P, Alo R, Tchounwou PB. Health Promotion and Racial Disparity in COVID-19 Mortality Among African American Populations. REPORTS ON GLOBAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 6:168. [PMID: 37946735 PMCID: PMC10634601 DOI: 10.29011/2690-9480.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, known as Coronavirus Disease 2019, is a major health issue resulting from novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Its emergence has posed a significant menace to the global medical community and healthcare system across the world. Notably, on December 12, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the utilization of the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. As of July 31, 2022, the United Stated has witnessed over 91.3 million cases of COVID-19 and nearly 1.03 million fatalities. An intriguing observation is the recent reduction in the mortality rate of COVID-19, attributed to an augmented focus on early detection, comprehensive screening, and widespread vaccination. Despite this positive trend in some demographics, it is noteworthy that the overall incidence rates of COVID-19 among African American and Hispanic populations have continued to escalate, even as mortality rates have decreased. Therefore, the objective of this research study is to present an overview of COVID-19, spotlighting the disparities among different racial and ethnic groups. It also delves into the management of COVID-19 within the minority populations. To reach our research objective, we used a publicly available COVID-19 dataset from kaggle:https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/paultimothymooney/covid19-cases-and-deaths-by-race. In addition, we obtained COVID-19 datasets from 10 different states with the highest proportion of African American populations. Many considerable strikes have been made in COVID-19. However, success rate of treatment in the African American population remains relatively limited when compared to other ethnic groups. Hence, there arises a pressing need for novel strategies and innovative approaches to not only encourage prevention measures against COVID-19, but also to increase survival rates, diminish mortality rates, and ultimately improve the health outcomes of ethnic and racial minorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clement G Yedjou
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Shayla Webster
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Daniel Osborne
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Jinwei Liu
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | | | - Carolyn Odewuni
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Lekan Latinwo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Pierre Ngnepiepa
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Richard Alo
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21252, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Widhani A, Hasibuan AS, Rismawati R, Maria S, Koesnoe S, Hermanadi MI, Ophinni Y, Yamada C, Harimurti K, Sari ANL, Yunihastuti E, Djauzi S. Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1456. [PMID: 37766132 PMCID: PMC10535431 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with autoimmune diseases are among the susceptible groups to COVID-19 infection because of the complexity of their conditions and the side effects of the immunosuppressive drugs used to treat them. They might show impaired immunogenicity to COVID-19 vaccines and have a higher risk of developing COVID-19. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, this research sought to summarize the evidence on COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety in patients with autoimmune diseases following predefined eligibility criteria. Research articles were obtained from an initial search up to 26 September 2022 from PubMed, Embase, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, MedRxiv, bioRxiv, SSRN, EuroPMC, and the Cochrane Center of Randomized Controlled Trials (CCRCT). Of 76 eligible studies obtained, 29, 54, and 38 studies were included in systematic reviews of efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety, respectively, and 6, 18, and 4 studies were included in meta-analyses for efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety, respectively. From the meta-analyses, patients with autoimmune diseases showed more frequent breakthrough COVID-19 infections and lower total antibody (TAb) titers, IgG seroconversion, and neutralizing antibodies after inactivated COVID-19 vaccination compared with healthy controls. They also had more local and systemic adverse events after the first dose of inactivated vaccination compared with healthy controls. After COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, patients with autoimmune diseases had lower TAb titers and IgG seroconversion compared with healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvina Widhani
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.H.); (R.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.H.); (A.N.L.S.); (E.Y.); (S.D.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Anshari Saifuddin Hasibuan
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.H.); (R.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.H.); (A.N.L.S.); (E.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Retia Rismawati
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.H.); (R.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.H.); (A.N.L.S.); (E.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Suzy Maria
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.H.); (R.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.H.); (A.N.L.S.); (E.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Sukamto Koesnoe
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.H.); (R.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.H.); (A.N.L.S.); (E.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Muhammad Ikrar Hermanadi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.H.); (R.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.H.); (A.N.L.S.); (E.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Youdiil Ophinni
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
- Department of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8304, Japan;
| | - Chika Yamada
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8304, Japan;
| | - Kuntjoro Harimurti
- Geriatric Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
| | - Aldean Nadhyia Laela Sari
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.H.); (R.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.H.); (A.N.L.S.); (E.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Evy Yunihastuti
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.H.); (R.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.H.); (A.N.L.S.); (E.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Samsuridjal Djauzi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.H.); (R.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.I.H.); (A.N.L.S.); (E.Y.); (S.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ralise AEG, Camargo TM, Marson FAL. Phase 4 clinical trials in the era of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and their importance to optimize the COVID-19 vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2234784. [PMID: 37449956 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2234784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the appearance of SARS-CoV-2, the scientific community has worked relentlessly to gather enough information about the illness caused by this virus infection. Such great effort has resulted in increased scientific publication, including phase 4 clinical trials addressing the applicability of COVID-19 vaccines. In those trials that investigated the properties of the vaccine among participants with morbidities, mainly immunocompromised individuals, the safety was recommended, but in the presence of immunogenicity, such protection was considered of short and medium terms. It was also observed that a physically active lifestyle might increase the immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases and in immunocompromised patients. The coadministration of different types of vaccine such as the combination of the recombinant adenovirus type 5 (AD5)-vectored Convidecia as heterologous reinforcement vs. CoronaVac with homologous reinforcement in adults previously vaccinated with CoronaVac, as well as the coadministration of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine followed by the administration of the tetravalent influenza vaccine (Fragmented, Inactivated) and the pneumococcal vaccine 23 presented satisfactory immunogenicity. However, the heterologous reinforcement had better immunogenicity when compared to the homologous reinforcement. Simultaneous COVID-19 vaccination and vaccines against seasonal influenza did not raise safety issues, producing acceptable levels of adverse reactions and preserving the antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2. In the lot-to-lot consistency evaluation, CoronaVac was seen to induce an immune response considered relatively high, and the lots presented a similar profile of stability and immunogenicity, thus enabling their large-scale distribution. In brief, this article addressed, mainly, the importance of evaluating the immunological response in the COVID-19 vaccination in patients with specific health conditions (e.g., immunocompromised individuals) aiming at enabling adjustments to the vaccine calendar in national vaccination programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Eliza Garcia Ralise
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Tais Mendes Camargo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gualano B, Sieczkowska SM, Lemes ÍR, da Silva RP, Pinto AJ, Mazzolani BC, Smaira FI, Aikawa NE, Kupa LVK, Pasoto SG, Medeiros-Ribeiro AC, Saad CGS, Yuk EFN, Silva CA, Swinton P, Hallal PC, Roschel H, Bonfa E. Physical Activity: A Strategy to Improve Antibody Response to a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Booster Dose in Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:311-316. [PMID: 36870351 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity associates with improved immunogenicity following a 2-dose schedule of CoronaVac (Sinovac's inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine) in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD). This study evaluates whether physical activity impacts vaccine-induced antibody responses to a booster dose in this population. METHODS This was a phase-4 trial conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients with ARD underwent a 3-dose schedule of CoronaVac. One month after the booster, we assessed seroconversion rates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG, geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG, frequency of positive neutralizing antibodies, and neutralizing activity. Physical activity was assessed through questionnaire. RESULTS Physically active (n = 362) and inactive (n = 278) patients were comparable for most characteristics; however, physically active patients were younger (P < .01) and had a lower frequency of chronic inflammatory arthritis (P < .01). Adjusted models showed that physically active patients had ∼2 times odds of seroconversion rates (OR: 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 3.61), ∼22% greater geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG (22.09%; 95% confidence interval, 3.91 to 65.60), and ∼7% greater neutralizing activity (6.76%; 95% confidence interval, 2.80 to 10.72) than inactive patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ARD who are physically active have greater odds of experiencing better immunogenicity to a booster dose of CoronaVac. These results support the recommendation of physical activity to improve vaccination responses, particularly for immunocompromised individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
- Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Sofia M Sieczkowska
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Ítalo Ribeiro Lemes
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Rafael Pires da Silva
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Ana J Pinto
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,USA
| | - Bruna C Mazzolani
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Fabiana I Smaira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Nadia E Aikawa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Leonard V K Kupa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Sandra G Pasoto
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Ana C Medeiros-Ribeiro
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Carla G S Saad
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Emily F N Yuk
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Clovis A Silva
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Paul Swinton
- Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen,United Kingdom
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Eloisa Bonfa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Collie S, Saggers RT, Bandini R, Steenkamp L, Champion J, Gray G, Bekker LG, Goga A, Garrett N, Patricios J. Association between regular physical activity and the protective effect of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in a South African case-control study. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:205-211. [PMID: 36280289 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both vaccination and physical activity have been shown to independently decrease the likelihood of severe COVID-19 infection. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between regular physical activity and vaccination against COVID-19 among healthcare workers. METHODS A test negative case-control study design was used to estimate the risk of having an associated COVID-19-related hospital admission, among individuals who were unvaccinated compared with those who were fully vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S (>28 days after a single dose). 196 444 participant tests were stratified into three measured physical activity subgroups with low, moderate and high activity, to test the hypothesis that physical activity is an effect modifier on the relationship between vaccination and hospitalisation. RESULTS Vaccine effectiveness against a COVID-19-related admission among vaccinated individuals within the low activity group was 60.0% (95% CI 39.0 to 73.8), 72.1% (95% CI 55.2 to 82.6) for the moderate activity group, and 85.8% (95% CI 74.1 to 92.2) for the high activity group. Compared with individuals with low activity levels, vaccinated individuals with moderate and high activity levels had a 1.4 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.51) and 2.8 (95% CI 2.35 to 3.35) times lower risk of COVID-19 admission, respectively (p value <0.001 for both groups). CONCLUSIONS Regular physical activity was associated with improved vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalisation, with higher levels of physical activity associated with greater vaccine effectiveness. Physical activity enhances vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 outcomes and should be encouraged by greater public health messaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Collie
- Healthcare Analytics, Discovery Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Robin Terence Saggers
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Rossella Bandini
- PRINCE: Project to Improve Neonatal Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits University, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | - Jared Champion
- Healthcare Analytics, Discovery Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Glenda Gray
- COVID-19 Research Committee, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Ameena Goga
- COVID-19 Research Committee, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,School of Nursing and Public Health, Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Jon Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Freire APCF, Amin S, Lira FS, Morano AEVA, Pereira T, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Caseiro A, Christofaro DGD, Dos Santos VR, Júnior OM, Pinho RA, Silva BSDA. Autonomic Function Recovery and Physical Activity Levels in Post-COVID-19 Young Adults after Immunization: An Observational Follow-Up Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2251. [PMID: 36767620 PMCID: PMC9915325 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has detrimental multi-system consequences. Symptoms may appear during the acute phase of infection, but the literature on long-term recovery of young adults after mild to moderate infection is lacking. Heart rate variability (HRV) allows for the observation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since physical activity (PA) can help improve ANS modulation, investigating factors that can influence HRV outcomes after COVID-19 is essential to advancements in care and intervention strategies. Clinicians may use this research to aid in the development of non-medication interventions. At baseline, 18 control (CT) and 20 post-COVID-19 (PCOV) participants were observed where general anamnesis was performed, followed by HRV and PA assessment. Thus, 10 CT and 7 PCOV subjects returned for follow-up (FU) evaluation 6 weeks after complete immunization (two doses) and assessments were repeated. Over the follow-up period, a decrease in sympathetic (SNS) activity (mean heart rate: p = 0.0024, CI = -24.67--3.26; SNS index: p = 0.0068, CI = -2.50--0.32) and increase in parasympathetic (PNS) activity (mean RR: p = 0.0097, CI = 33.72-225.51; PNS index: p = 0.0091, CI = -0.20-1.47) were observed. At follow-up, HRV was not different between groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, no differences were observed in PA between moments and groups. This study provides evidence of ANS recovery after SARS-CoV-2 insult in young adults over a follow-up period, independent of changes in PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire
- Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, Brazil
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Shaan Amin
- Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Elisa von Ah Morano
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Telmo Pereira
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, ESTESC, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel-João Coelho-E-Silva
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armando Caseiro
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, ESTESC, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R & D Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
- Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Osmar Marchioto Júnior
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Parana, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A Cloth Facemask Causes No Major Respiratory or Cardiovascular Perturbations During Moderate to Heavy Exercise. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:35-44. [PMID: 36476970 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate whether a cloth facemask could affect physiological and perceptual responses to exercise at distinct exercise intensities in untrained individuals. METHODS Healthy participants (n = 35; 17 men, age 30 [4] y, and 18 women, age 28 [5] y) underwent a progressive square wave test at 4 intensities: (1) 80% of ventilatory anaerobic threshold; (2) ventilatory anaerobic threshold; (3) respiratory compensation point; and (4) exercise peak (Peak) to exhaustion, 5-minute stages, with or without a triple-layered cloth facemask (Mask or No-Mask). Several physiological and perceptual measures were analyzed. RESULTS Mask reduced inspiratory capacity at all exercise intensities (P < .0001). Mask reduced respiratory frequency (P = .001) at Peak (-8.3 breaths·min-1; 95% confidence interval [CI], -5.8 to -10.8), respiratory compensation point (-6.9 breaths·min-1; 95% CI, -4.6 to -9.2), and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (-6.5 breaths·min-1; 95% CI, -4.1 to -8.8), but not at Baseline or 80% of ventilatory anaerobic threshold. Mask reduced tidal volume (P < .0001) only at respiratory compensation point (-0.5 L; 95% CI, -0.3 to -0.6) and Peak (-0.8 L; 95% CI, -0.6 to -0.9). Shallow breathing index was increased with Mask only at Peak (11.3; 95% CI, 7.5 to 15.1). Mask did not change HR, lactate, ratings of perceived exertion, blood pressure, or oxygen saturation. CONCLUSIONS A cloth facemask reduced time to exhaustion but had no major impact on cardiorespiratory parameters and had a slight but clinically meaningless impact on respiratory variables at higher intensities. Moderate to heavy activity is safe and tolerable for healthy individuals while wearing a cloth facemask. CLINICALTRIALS gov: NCT04887714.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang J, Li X, He T, Ju F, Qiu Y, Tian Z. Impact of Physical Activity on COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114108. [PMID: 36360985 PMCID: PMC9657212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seriously endangering human health worldwide. This study finds effective intervention modalities of physical activity on COVID-19 through a narrative review. METHODS In this study, 41 papers were selected for a narrative literature review after a comprehensive database search from 20 December 2019, to 30 August 2022. RESULTS 41 articles meet the established criteria, and in this review, we comprehensively describe recent studies on exercise and COVID-19, including the impact and recommendations of exercise on COVID-19 prevention, patients with COVID-19, and noninfected populations. CONCLUSIONS The literature suggests that physical activity (PA) contributes to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, can promote recovery of physical function, alleviate post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, and improve patients' psychological well-being. It is recommended to develop appropriate exercise prescriptions for different populations under the guidance of a physician.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- College of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Taiyu He
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fangyuan Ju
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Correspondence: (F.J.); (Y.Q.); (Z.T.)
| | - Ye Qiu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China
- Correspondence: (F.J.); (Y.Q.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zuguo Tian
- College of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China
- Correspondence: (F.J.); (Y.Q.); (Z.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gualano B, Lemes ÍR, da Silva RP, Pinto AJ, Mazzolani BC, Smaira FI, Sieczkowska SM, Aikawa NE, Pasoto S, Medeiros-Ribeiro AC, Saad C, Yuk E, Silva C, Swinton P, Hallal PC, Roschel H, Bonfa E. Physical activity and antibody persistence 6 months after the second dose of CoronaVac in immunocompromised patients. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1510-1515. [PMID: 35844042 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This prospective cohort study within an open-label, single-arm, phase 4 vaccination trial (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04754698) aimed to investigate the association between physical activity and persistent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 6 months after two-dose schedule of CoronaVac in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) patients (n = 748). Persistent immunogenicity 6 months after the full-course vaccination was assessed using seroconversion rates of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG, geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG (GMT), and frequency of positive neutralizing antibodies (NAb). Physical activity was assessed trough questionnaire. Adjusted point estimates from logistic regression models indicated that physically active patients had greater odds of seroconversion rates (OR: 1.5 [95%CI: 1.1 to 2.1]) and NAb positivity (OR: 1.5 [95%CI: 1.0 to 2.1]), and approximately 43% greater GMT (42.8% [95%CI: 11.9 to 82.2]) than inactive ones. In conclusion, among immunocompromised patients, being physically active was associated with an increment in antibody persistence through 6 months after a full-course of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Ribeiro Lemes
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pires da Silva
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Jéssica Pinto
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bruna Caruso Mazzolani
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Infante Smaira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nádia Emi Aikawa
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Pasoto
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Medeiros-Ribeiro
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Saad
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emily Yuk
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clovis Silva
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Curi Hallal
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Bonfa
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity Levels on Vaccination Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050769. [PMID: 35632525 PMCID: PMC9146578 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We examined whether different intensities of exercise and/or physical activity (PA) levels affected and/or associated with vaccination efficacy. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021230108). The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (trials), SportDiscus, and CINAHL databases were searched up to January 2022. Results: In total, 38 eligible studies were included. Chronic exercise increased influenza antibodies (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.49, confidence interval (CI) = 0.25−0.73, Z = 3.95, I2 = 90%, p < 0.01), which was mainly driven by aerobic exercise (SMD = 0.39, CI = 0.19−0.58, Z = 3.96, I2 = 77%, p < 0.01) as opposed to combined (aerobic + resistance; p = 0.07) or other exercise types (i.e., taiji and qigong, unspecified; p > 0.05). PA levels positively affected antibodies in response to influenza vaccination (SMD = 0.18, CI = 0.02−0.34, Z = 2.21, I2 = 76%, p = 0.03), which was mainly driven by high PA levels compared to moderate PA levels (Chi2 = 10.35, I2 = 90.3%, p < 0.01). Physically active individuals developed influenza antibodies in response to vaccination in >4 weeks (SMD = 0.64, CI = 0.30−0.98, Z = 3.72, I2 = 83%, p < 0.01) as opposed to <4 weeks (p > 0.05; Chi2 = 13.40, I2 = 92.5%, p < 0.01) post vaccination. Conclusion: Chronic aerobic exercise or high PA levels increased influenza antibodies in humans more than vaccinated individuals with no participation in exercise/PA. The evidence regarding the effects of exercise/PA levels on antibodies in response to vaccines other than influenza is extremely limited.
Collapse
|
14
|
Malisoux L, Backes A, Fischer A, Aguayo G, Ollert M, Fagherazzi G. Associations between physical activity prior to infection and COVID-19 disease severity and symptoms: results from the prospective Predi-COVID cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057863. [PMID: 35487745 PMCID: PMC9058293 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if the physical activity (PA) prior to infection is associated with the severity of the disease in patients positively tested for COVID-19, as well as with the most common symptoms. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using baseline data from a prospective, hybrid cohort study (Predi-COVID) in Luxembourg. Data were collected from May 2020 to June 2021. SETTING Real-life setting (at home) and hospitalised patients. PARTICIPANTS All volunteers aged >18 years with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR, and having completed the PA questionnaire (n=452). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was disease severity (asymptomatic, mild illness and moderate illness). The secondary outcomes were self-reported symptoms. RESULTS From the 452 patients included, 216 (48%) were female, the median (IQR) age was 42 (31-51) years, 59 (13%) were classified as asymptomatic, 287 (63%) as mild illness and 106 (24%) as moderate illness. The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue (n=294; 65%), headache (n=281; 62%) and dry cough (n=241; 53%). After adjustment, the highest PA level was associated with a lower risk of moderate illness (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.98, p=0.045), fatigue (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.97, p=0.040), dry cough (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.96, p=0.034) and chest pain (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.77, p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS PA before COVID-19 infection was associated with a reduced risk of moderate illness severity and a reduced risk of experiencing fatigue, dry cough and chest pain, suggesting that engaging in PA may be an effective approach to minimise the severity of COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04380987.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Malisoux
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Backes
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Fischer
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Gloria Aguayo
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection & Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, University of Southern, Odense, Denmark
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gualano B. Evidence-based physical activity for COVID-19: what do we know and what do we need to know? Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:653-654. [PMID: 35172967 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gualano B, Saad CGS, Sieczkowska SM, Lemes IR, da Silva RP, Pinto AJ, Mazzolani BC, Smaira FI, Gil S, de Oliveira Júnior GN, Aikawa NE, Ribeiro ACM, Silva CA, Yuki EFN, Pasoto SG, Rodrigues Pereira RM, Shinjo SK, de Andrade DCO, Sampaio-Barros PD, Roschel H, Bonfa E. Effect of an Exercise Bout Prior to the Booster Dose of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine on Immunogenicity in Immunocompromised Patients. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:682-688. [PMID: 35142560 PMCID: PMC8897009 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00015.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate whether a single bout of exercise before the homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine could enhance immunogenicity in patients with spondyloarthritis. We selected 60 consecutive patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Patients assigned to the intervention group performed an exercise bout comprising three exercises. Then, they remained at rest for 1 h before vaccination. The control group remained at rest before vaccination. Immunogenicity was assessed before (Pre) and 1 mo after (Post) the booster using seropositivity rates of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG, geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG (GMT), frequency of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) positivity, and NAb activity. At Pre, 16 patients from the exercise group and 16 patients from the control group exhibited seropositivity for IgG (59% vs. 57.1%), and 1 mo after the booster dose, seropositivity occurred in 96% versus 100% of the cases. Only 10 patients from the exercise group and 12 patients from the control group showed positive NAb serology at Pre (37% vs. 42.8%). One month following the booster, NAb positivity was 96% versus 93%. GMT was comparable between groups at Pre. At Post, GMT increased similarly in both groups. Likewise, NAb activity was similar between groups at Pre and increased similarly in both of them as a result of the booster (47.5% vs. 39.9%). In conclusion, a single bout of exercise did not enhance immunogenicity to a homologous booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among patients with spondyloarthritis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We tested the role of exercise as an adjuvant to a booster of a COVID-19 vaccine. Immunocompromised patients were immunized after an acute bout of exercise or not. Patients exhibited an excellent immunogenicity in response to the booster dose. Exercise did not add to the vaccine effects on IgG or neutralizing antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Golçalves S Saad
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sofia Mendes Sieczkowska
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Italo Ribeiro Lemes
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pires da Silva
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana J Pinto
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Bruna C Mazzolani
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana I Smaira
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saulo Gil
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gersiel Nascimento de Oliveira Júnior
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadia Emi Aikawa
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Medeiros Ribeiro
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clovis Artur Silva
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emily F N Yuki
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra G Pasoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Rodrigues Pereira
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel K Shinjo
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Percival D Sampaio-Barros
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Bonfa
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|