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Strickland T. Understanding immunity and exercise in the context of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:830-831. [PMID: 38332490 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This commentary is on the original article by Kruse et al. on pages 902–909
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Strickland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Proschinger S, Schenk A, Metcalfe AJ, Zimmer P. HIIT Induces Stronger Shifts within the Peripheral T Cell Compartment Independent of Sex. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:211-221. [PMID: 38134917 DOI: 10.1055/a-2197-0882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute exercise induces changes within the T-cell compartment, especially in cytotoxic CD8+ memory subsets, depending on exercise intensity and duration. It is unclear whether exercise-induced changes in major T-cell subsets differ in response to acute high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and whether sex-specific effects exist. Twenty-four recreationally active runners (females: n=12, 27.8±4.1years, 54.4±4.6 ml*kg-1*min-1; males: n=12, 31.6±3.8years, 58.9±7.7 ml*kg-1*min-1) participated in this randomized controlled crossover study, and conducted an energy- and duration-matched HIIT and MICT session. Blood was sampled before (T1), immediately (T2) and 1 h after exercise (T3). Flow cytometry was used to identify T-cell populations. HIIT decreased the proportion of CD8+ T-cells more pronounced at T3 compared to MICT (p=0.007), induced a significantly stronger increase in the CD8+ effector memory (TEM) cell proportion at T2 (p=0.032), and decreased CD4+ central memory proportion more pronounced at T2 (p=0.029). A decrease below baseline CD8+ TEM proportion at T3 was observed only after HIIT (p<0.001). No interaction effects between sexes were revealed. Taken together, HIIT represents a more potent stimulus to induce shifts mainly within the cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell compartment, thereby giving implications to investigate the role of HIIT on the cell´s effector phenotype and function in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Proschinger
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Schenk
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alan J Metcalfe
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Dortmund, Germany
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Gouez M, Rébillard A, Thomas A, Beaumel S, Matera EL, Gouraud E, Orfila L, Martin B, Pérol O, Chaveroux C, Chirico EN, Dumontet C, Fervers B, Pialoux V. Combined effects of exercise and immuno-chemotherapy treatments on tumor growth in MC38 colorectal cancer-bearing mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368550. [PMID: 38426110 PMCID: PMC10902641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute exercise induces transient modifications in the tumor microenvironment and has been linked to reduced tumor growth along with increased infiltration of immune cells within the tumor in mouse models. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of acute exercise before treatment administration on tumor growth in a mice model of MC38 colorectal cancer receiving an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and chemotherapy. Six-week-old mice injected with colorectal cancer cells (MC38) were randomized in 4 groups: control (CTRL), immuno-chemotherapy (TRT), exercise (EXE) and combined intervention (TRT/EXE). Both TRT and TRT-EXE received ICI: anti-PD1-1 (1 injection/week) and capecitabine + oxaliplatin (5 times a week) for 1 week (experimentation 1), 3 weeks (experimentation 2). TRT-EXE and EXE groups were submitted to 50 minutes of treadmill exercise before each treatment administration. Over the protocol duration, tumor size has been monitored daily. Tumor growth and microenvironment parameters were measured after the intervention on Day 7 (D7) and Day 16 (D16). From day 4 to day 7, tumor volumes decreased in the EXE/TRT group while remaining stable in the TRT group (p=0.0213). From day 7 until day 16 tumor volume decreased with no significant difference between TRT and TRT/EXE. At D7 the TRT/EXE group exhibited a higher total infiltrate T cell (p=0.0118) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell (p=0.0031). At D16, tumor marker of apoptosis, vascular integrity and inflammation were not significantly different between TRT and TRT/EXE. Our main result was that acute exercise before immuno-chemotherapy administration significantly decreased early-phase tumor growth (D0 to D4). Additionally, exercise led to immune cell infiltration changes during the first week after exercise, while no significant molecular alterations in the tumor were observed 3 weeks after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Gouez
- Prevention Cancer Environment Department, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
- Team Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity, LIBM EA7424, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Faculty of Medicine, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, “Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment”, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Rébillard
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory, EA 1274, Université Rennes 2, ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Thomas
- Team Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity, LIBM EA7424, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Faculty of Medicine, Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Beaumel
- CRCL INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286, University of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eva-Laure Matera
- CRCL INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286, University of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Etienne Gouraud
- Team Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity, LIBM EA7424, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Faculty of Medicine, Lyon, France
| | - Luz Orfila
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory, EA 1274, Université Rennes 2, ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Brice Martin
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory, EA 1274, Université Rennes 2, ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Olivia Pérol
- Prevention Cancer Environment Department, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, “Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment”, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Cédric Chaveroux
- CRCL INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286, University of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Erica N. Chirico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Charles Dumontet
- CRCL INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286, University of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Prevention Cancer Environment Department, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, “Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment”, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Team Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity, LIBM EA7424, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Faculty of Medicine, Lyon, France
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Liu J, Liu W, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhao B, Zeng P, Cai G, Chen R, Hu K, Tu Y, Lin M, Kong J, Tao J, Chen L. The modulation effects of the mind-body and physical exercises on the basolateral amygdala-temporal pole pathway on individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100421. [PMID: 38077287 PMCID: PMC10709058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective To investigate the modulatory effects of different physical exercise modalities on connectivity of amygdala subregions and its association with pain symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods 140 patients with KOA were randomly allocated either to the Tai Chi, Baduanjin, Stationary cycling, or health education group and conducted a 12 week-long intervention in one of the four groups. The behavioral, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and blood data were collected at baseline and the end of the study. Results Compared to the control group, all physical exercise modalities lead to significant increases in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain score (pain relief) and serum Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) levels. Additionally, all physical exercise modalities resulted in decreased resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the basolateral amygdala (BA)-temporal pole and BA-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The overlapping BA-temporal pole rsFC observed in both Tai Chi and Baduanjin groups was significantly associated with pain relief, while the BA-mPFC rsFC was significantly associated with PD-1 levels. In addition, we found increased fractional anisotropy (FA) values, a measurement of water diffusion anisotropy of tissue that responded to changes in brain microstructure, within the mind-body exercise groups' BA-temporal pole pathway. The average FA value of this pathway was positively correlated with KOOS pain score at baseline across all subjects. Conclusions Our findings suggest that physical exercise has the potential to modulate both functional and anatomical connectivity of the amygdala subregions, indicating a possible shared pathway for various physical exercise modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Weilin Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jia Huang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Baoru Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Peiling Zeng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Guiyan Cai
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ruilin Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Kun Hu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - YouXue Tu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Meiqin Lin
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Jing Tao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese, China
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Proschinger S, Schenk A, Weßels I, Donath L, Rappelt L, Metcalfe AJ, Zimmer P. Intensity- and time-matched acute interval and continuous endurance exercise similarly induce an anti-inflammatory environment in recreationally active runners: focus on PD-1 expression in T regs and the IL-6/IL-10 axis. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2575-2584. [PMID: 37336816 PMCID: PMC10615943 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute exercise elicits a transient anti-inflammatory state during the early recovery period. Since recent studies reported on regimen-specific effects on immune-related humoral factors and cellular subsets, this study compared the effects of intensity- and time-matched acute interval and continuous exercise on peripheral anti-inflammatory cellular and humoral immune parameters with a particular focus on the PD-1 expression in CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). METHODS Twenty-four recreationally active runners (age: 29.7 ± 4.3 years, BMI: 22.2 ± 2.4, VO2peak: 56.6 ± 6.4 ml × kg-1 × min-1) participated in this crossover RCT. Each subject conducted a moderate continuous (MCE) and a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) session in a counterbalanced design. Blood was drawn before, immediately after, and 1 h after exercise. Treg subsets and levels of PD-1 and Foxp3 were assessed by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS PD-1 levels on Tregs increased within the recovery period after HIIE (p < .001) and MCE (p < 0.001). Total counts of Tregs (HIIE: p = 0.044; MCE: p = .021), naïve Tregs (HIIE: p < 0.001; MCE: p < 0.001), and PD-1+ effector Tregs (eTregs) (HIIE: p = .002) decreased 1 h after exercise. IL-10 increased 1 h after HIIE (p < 0.001) and MCE (p = 0.018), while IL-6 increased immediately after both HIIE (p = 0.031) and MCE (p = 0.021). Correlations between changes in IL-6 and IL-10 (p = 0.017, r = 0.379) and baseline VO2peak and Treg frequency (p = 0.002, r = 0.660) were identified. CONCLUSION This is the first study that investigates PD-1 expression in circulating Tregs after acute exercise, revealing an increase in PD-1 levels on eTregs during the early recovery period after intensity- and time-matched HIIE and MCE. Future studies are needed to investigate the PD-1 signalosome in eTregs, together with the expression of key effector molecules (i.e., IL-10, TGF-β, IL-35, CTLA-4) to elucidate PD-1-dependent changes in cellular function. Based on changes in serum cytokines, this study further reveals a regimen-independent establishment of an anti-inflammatory milieu and underpins the role of the IL-6/IL-10 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Proschinger
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Schenk
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Inga Weßels
- Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Immunology, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Rappelt
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alan J Metcalfe
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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Collier-Bain HD, Brown FF, Causer AJ, Emery A, Oliver R, Moore S, Murray J, Turner JE, Campbell JP. Harnessing the immunomodulatory effects of exercise to enhance the efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapies against B-cell haematological cancers: a narrative review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1244090. [PMID: 37681023 PMCID: PMC10482436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1244090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are standard care for many B-cell haematological cancers. The modes of action for these mAbs include: induction of cancer cell lysis by activating Fcγ-receptors on innate immune cells; opsonising target cells for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or phagocytosis, and/or triggering the classical complement pathway; the simultaneous binding of cancer cells with T-cells to create an immune synapse and activate perforin-mediated T-cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells; blockade of immune checkpoints to facilitate T-cell cytotoxicity against immunogenic cancer cell clones; and direct delivery of cytotoxic agents via internalisation of mAbs by target cells. While treatment regimens comprising mAb therapy can lead to durable anti-cancer responses, disease relapse is common due to failure of mAb therapy to eradicate minimal residual disease. Factors that limit mAb efficacy include: suboptimal effector cell frequencies, overt immune exhaustion and/or immune anergy, and survival of diffusely spread tumour cells in different stromal niches. In this review, we discuss how immunomodulatory changes arising from exposure to structured bouts of acute exercise might improve mAb treatment efficacy by augmenting (i) antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, (ii) antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, (iii) complement-dependent cytotoxicity, (iv) T-cell cytotoxicity, and (v) direct delivery of cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frankie F. Brown
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Causer
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle Emery
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Oliver
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Moore
- Department of Haematology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James Murray
- Department of Haematology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Farley MJ, Bartlett DB, Skinner TL, Schaumberg MA, Jenkins DG. Immunomodulatory Function of Interleukin-15 and Its Role in Exercise, Immunotherapy, and Cancer Outcomes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:558-568. [PMID: 36730979 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to improve physical and psychosocial outcomes for people across the cancer care continuum. A proposed mechanism underpinning the relationship between exercise and cancer outcomes is exercise-induced immunomodulation via secretion of anti-inflammatory myokines from skeletal muscle tissue. Myokines have the potential to impair cancer growth through modulation of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells while improving the effectiveness of cancer therapies. Interleukin-15 (IL-15), one of the most abundant myokines found in skeletal muscle, has a key immunoregulatory role in supporting the proliferation and maturation of T cells and NK cells, which have a key role in the host's immune response to cancer. Furthermore, IL-15 is being explored clinically as an immunotherapy agent with doses similar to the IL-15 concentrations released by skeletal muscle during exercise. Here we review the role of IL-15 within the immune system, examine how IL-15 is produced as a myokine during exercise, and how it may improve outcomes for people with cancer, specifically as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant to immunotherapy. We summarize the available evidence showing changes in IL-15 in response to both acute exercise and training, and the results are inconsistent; higher quality research is needed to advance the understanding of how exercise-mediated increases in IL-15 potentially benefit those who are being treated for, or who have had, cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J Farley
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - David B Bartlett
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
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Gouez M, Raynard B, Marijnen P, Ho Hio Hen N, Fervers B. [Nutrition and physical activity (AP) during and after cancer treatment: Therapeutic benefits, pathophysiology, recommendations, clinical management]. Bull Cancer 2022; 109:516-527. [PMID: 35489872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, are factors that influence risk of numerous cancers. They are also decisive during and after cancer for the course of oncological treatment, but also in the immediate and long-term prognosis, and quality of life during and after treatment. Separately, physical activity and nutritional support can reduce the risk of sarcopenia and its consequences, and improve quality of life during treatment. Whan introduced early, such a combination, increases the prognostic benefits. In remission, particularly in overweight patients, the APA-diet combination reduces the risk of cancer relapse and improves cardiovascular performance. These programs require a precise assessment of capacities and habits of each patient, and interventions of trained professionals (certified exercise instructor, dietician trained in oncology). The funding conditions for these programs exist for cancer survivors and should be considered for oncological treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Gouez
- Centre Léon-Bérard, départment prévention cancer environnement, 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, université de Lyon, EA7424, laboratoire interuniversitaire de biologie de la motricité, 29, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France; Centre Léon-Bérard, unité Inserm U1296 « Radiations : défense, santé, environnement », 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Bruno Raynard
- Gustave-Roussy site DR2, service de nutrition et SSR, département interdisciplinaire d'organisation du parcours patient (DIOPP), 24, rue Albert-Thuret, 94550 Chevilly-Larue, France
| | - Philippe Marijnen
- Centre Léon-Bérard, départment prévention cancer environnement, 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Nathalie Ho Hio Hen
- Gustave-Roussy site DR2, service de nutrition et SSR, département interdisciplinaire d'organisation du parcours patient (DIOPP), 24, rue Albert-Thuret, 94550 Chevilly-Larue, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Centre Léon-Bérard, départment prévention cancer environnement, 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; Centre Léon-Bérard, unité Inserm U1296 « Radiations : défense, santé, environnement », 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France.
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Gouez M, Pérol O, Pérol M, Caux C, Ménétrier-Caux C, Villard M, Walzer T, Delrieu L, Saintigny P, Marijnen P, Pialoux V, Fervers B. Effect of acute aerobic exercise before immunotherapy and chemotherapy infusion in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: protocol for the ERICA feasibility trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056819. [PMID: 35393316 PMCID: PMC8990709 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) suffer from numerous symptoms linked to disease and treatment which may further impair the patient's overall condition. In addition to its benefits on quality of life and fatigue, physical exercise may improve treatment response, notably due to its known effects on the immune system. The ERICA study is designed to assess the feasibility of a supervised acute physical exercise therapy realised immediately prior immune-chemotherapy infusion in patients with mNSCLC. Secondary objectives will examine the effects of acute exercise combined with an unsupervised home-walking programme on clinical, physical, psychosocial and biological parameters. METHODS AND ANALYSIS ERICA is a prospective, monocentric, randomised controlled, open-label feasibility study conducted at the Centre Léon Bérard Comprehensive Cancer Center (France). Thirty patients newly diagnosed with mNSCLC will be randomised (2:1 ratio) to the 'exercise' or the 'control' group. At baseline and during the last treatment cycle, participants in both groups will receive Physical Activity recommendations, and two nutritional assessments. In the exercise group, participants will receive a 3-month programme consisting of a supervised acute physical exercise session prior to immune-chemotherapy infusion, and an unsupervised home-based walking programme with an activity tracker. The acute exercise consists of 35 min interval training at submaximal intensity scheduled to terminate 15 min prior to infusion. Clinical, physical, biological and psychosocial parameters will be assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months after inclusion. Biological measures will include immune, inflammatory, metabolic, oxidative stress biomarkers and molecular profiling. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the French ethics committee (Comité de protection des personnes Ile de France II, N°ID-RCB 20.09.04.65226, 8 December 2020). The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT number:NCT04676009) and is at the pre-results stage. All participants will sign an informed consent form. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Gouez
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Olivia Pérol
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Maurice Pérol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of LYON, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Christine Ménétrier-Caux
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of LYON, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Marine Villard
- Inserm, U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- Inserm, U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Lidia Delrieu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Philippe Marijnen
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
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Donovan T, Bain AL, Tu W, Pyne DB, Rao S. Influence of Exercise on Exhausted and Senescent T Cells: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:668327. [PMID: 34489717 PMCID: PMC8417807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.668327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impaired effector function of exhausted and senescent T cells is implicated in cancer progression and inadequate vaccine responses. Exercise has been shown to improve cancer therapy and vaccine efficacy, most likely by improving immune function. However, given inconsistent terminology and definitions, the interactions between exercise and exhausted and senescent T cells remain unclear. We therefore performed a systematic review to investigate the effect of exercise on senescent and exhausted CD8+ T cell populations clearly defined by protein surface markers. Thirty articles were included, with the majority (n = 24) reporting senescent T cell populations defined according to a variety of surface markers. Repeated exercise was shown to be beneficial through limiting the accumulation of senescent and exhausted CD8+ T cells. This outcome is likely related to exercise-induced preferential mobilization of senescent T cells promoting apoptosis in the peripheral blood compartment. Future studies need to determine the clinical relevance of this effect in cancer prevention and vaccine efficacy. Data regarding exercise and exhausted T cells are limited due to a lack of available high-quality studies. Future studies require the control of confounding variables such as sex and cytomegalovirus (CMV) status, and consistent definitions of exhausted and senescent T cell populations to improve comparisons between studies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomasina Donovan
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda L Bain
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wenjuan Tu
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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11
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Abstract
High-intensity training is becoming increasingly popular outside of elite sport
for health prevention and rehabilitation. This expanded application of
high-intensity training in different populations requires a deeper understanding
of its molecular signature in the human body. Therefore, in this integrative
review, cellular and systemic molecular responses to high-intensity training are
described for skeletal muscle, cardiovascular system, and the immune system as
major effectors and targets of health and performance. Different kinds of
stimuli and resulting homeostatic perturbations (i. e., metabolic,
mechanical, neuronal, and hormonal) are reflected, taking into account their
role in the local and systemic deflection of molecular sensors and mediators,
and their role in tissue and organ adaptations. In skeletal muscle, a high
metabolic perturbation induced by high-intensity training is the major stimulus
for skeletal muscle adaptation. In the cardio-vascular system, high-intensity
training induces haemodynamic stress and deflection of the
Ca
2+
handling as major stimuli for
functional and structural adaptation of the heart and vessels. For the immune
system haemodynamic stress, hormones, exosomes, and O
2
availability
are proposed stimuli that mediate their effects by alteration of different
signalling processes leading to local and systemic (anti)inflammatory responses.
Overall, high-intensity training shows specific molecular signatures that
demonstrate its high potential to improve health and physical performance.
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12
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Seman S, Dražilov SS, Ilić V, Tešić M, Stojiljković S, Arena R, Popović D. Physical activity and exercise as an essential medical strategy for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2324-2331. [PMID: 34233523 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211028543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 disease has been a problem in today's society, which has worldwide effects on different areas, especially on the economy; also, from a health perspective, the disease affects the daily life quality. Physical activity is one major positive factor with regard to enhancing life quality, as it can improve the whole psychological, social, and physical health conditions. Current measures such as social distancing are focused on preventing the viral spread. However, the consequences on other areas are yet to be investigated. Elderly, people with chronic diseases, obese, and others benefit largely from exercise from the perspective of improved health, and preventive measures can drastically improve daily living. In this article, we elaborate the effects of exercise on the immune system and the possible strategies that can be implemented toward greater preventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Seman
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Vladimir Ilić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Milorad Tešić
- Division of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Stanimir Stojiljković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Ross Arena
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dejana Popović
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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13
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Bailly C, Thuru X, Quesnel B. Soluble Programmed Death Ligand-1 (sPD-L1): A Pool of Circulating Proteins Implicated in Health and Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3034. [PMID: 34204509 PMCID: PMC8233757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon T-cell receptor stimulation, the Programmed cell Death-1 receptor (PD-1) expressed on T-cells can interact with its ligand PD-L1 expressed at the surface of cancer cells or antigen-presenting cells. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 are routinely used for the treatment of cancers, but their clinical efficacy varies largely across the variety of tumor types. A part of the variability is linked to the existence of several forms of PD-L1, either expressed on the plasma membrane (mPD-L1), at the surface of secreted cellular exosomes (exoPD-L1), in cell nuclei (nPD-L1), or as a circulating, soluble protein (sPD-L1). Here, we have reviewed the different origins and roles of sPD-L1 in humans to highlight the biochemical and functional heterogeneity of the soluble protein. sPD-L1 isoforms can be generated essentially by two non-exclusive processes: (i) proteolysis of m/exoPD-L1 by metalloproteases, such as metalloproteinases (MMP) and A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM), which are capable of shedding membrane PD-L1 to release an active soluble form, and (ii) the alternative splicing of PD-L1 pre-mRNA, leading in some cases to the release of sPD-L1 protein isoforms lacking the transmembrane domain. The expression and secretion of sPD-L1 have been observed in a large variety of pathologies, well beyond cancer, notably in different pulmonary diseases, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and viral diseases. The expression and role of sPD-L1 during pregnancy are also evoked. The structural heterogeneity of sPD-L1 proteins, and associated functional/cellular plurality, should be kept in mind when considering sPD-L1 as a biomarker or as a drug target. The membrane, exosomal and soluble forms of PD-L1 are all integral parts of the highly dynamic PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, essential for immune-tolerance or immune-escape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Thuru
- Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, UMR9020-UMR1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, CHU Lille, Inserm, CNRS, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (X.T.); (B.Q.)
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, UMR9020-UMR1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, CHU Lille, Inserm, CNRS, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (X.T.); (B.Q.)
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14
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Immunoregulation induced by autologous serum collected after acute exercise in obese men: a randomized cross-over trial. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21735. [PMID: 33303928 PMCID: PMC7729871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of autologous serum collected after two types of exercise on the in vitro inflammatory profile and T cell phenotype of resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in obese men. Serum samples and PBMCs were obtained from eight obese men who performed two exercise bouts—high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and exhaustive exercise session to voluntary fatigue—in a randomized cross-over trial. Pre-exercise PBMCs were incubated with 50% autologous serum (collected before and after each exercise bout) for 4 h. In vitro experiments revealed that post-HIIE serum reduced the histone H4 acetylation status and NF-κB content of PBMCs and suppressed the production of both TNF-α and IL-6 by PBMCs, while increasing IL-10 production. Post-exhaustive exercise serum induced histone H4 hyperacetylation and mitochondrial depolarization in lymphocytes and increased TNF-α production. In vitro post-HIIE serum incubation resulted in an increase in the frequencies of CD4 + CTLA-4 + and CD4 + CD25+ T cells expressing CD39 and CD73. Post-exhaustive exercise serum decreased the frequency of CD4 + CD25 + CD73+ T cells but increased CD4 + CD25-CD39 + T cell frequency. Both post-exercise serums increased the proportions of CD4 + PD-1 + and CD8 + PD-1+ T cells. Blood serum factors released during exercise altered the immune response and T cell phenotype. The type of exercise impacted the immunomodulatory activity of the post-exercise serum on PBMCs.
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15
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Schenk A, Joisten N, Walzik D, Koliamitra C, Schoser D, Bloch W, Zimmer P. Acute exercise impacts AhR and PD-1 levels of CD8 + T-cells-Exploratory results from a randomized cross-over trial comparing endurance versus resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 121:637-644. [PMID: 33211154 PMCID: PMC7862188 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has become a promising target in cancer immunotherapy. PD-1 expression of CD8+ T-cells may be increased via the exploitation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling with kynurenine (KYN) as a ligand. Since exercise affects KYN metabolism, we exploratory investigated the influence of acute exercise bouts on AhR and PD-1 levels of CD8+ T-cells. Method In this study, 24 healthy males (age: 24.6 ± 3.9 years; weight 83.9 ± 10.5 kg; height: 182.4 ± 6.2 cm) completed a single bout of endurance (EE) and resistance exercise (RE) in a randomly assigned order on separate days. Blood samples were drawn before (t0), after (t1), and 1 h after (t2) both conditions. T-cell populations, the level of cytoplasmic AhR, and surface PD-1 were assessed by flow cytometry. Results T-cell populations changed over time, indicated by an increase in the absolute numbers of CD3+ lymphocytes after EE (p < .001) and RE (p = .036) and in PD-1+ CD8+ T-cells after EE (p = .021). Proportions of T-cell populations changed only after EE (t0–t2: p = .029; t1-t2: p = .006). The level of cytoplasmic AhR decreased immediately after exercise in both exercise conditions (EE: p = .009; RE: p = .036). The level of surface PD-1 decreased 1 h after EE (p = .005). Conclusion We analyzed the level of surface PD-1 and cytoplasmic AhR following acute physical exercise for the first time. Especially EE was observed to impact both AhR and PD-1 levels, undermining its role as the AhR-PD-1 axis modulator. These results provide new insights into the impact of exercise on AhR-signaling, which could potentially be relevant for various chronic diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00421-020-04552-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schenk
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - David Walzik
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christina Koliamitra
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daria Schoser
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sports University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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