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Lau AA, Jin K, Beard H, Windram T, Xie K, O'Brien JA, Neumann D, King BM, Snel MF, Trim PJ, Mitrofanis J, Hemsley KM, Austin PJ. Photobiomodulation in the infrared spectrum reverses the expansion of circulating natural killer cells and brain microglial activation in Sanfilippo mice. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38849324 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome results from inherited mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes that catabolise heparan sulfate (HS), leading to early childhood-onset neurodegeneration. This study explores the therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation (PBM), which is neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory in several neurodegenerative diseases; it is also safe and PBM devices are readily available. We investigated the effects of 10-14 days transcranial PBM at 670 nm (2 or 4 J/cm2/day) or 904 nm (4 J/cm2/day) in young (3 weeks) and older (15 weeks) Sanfilippo or mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) mice. Although we found no PBM-induced changes in HS accumulation, astrocyte activation, CD206 (an anti-inflammatory marker) and BDNF expression in the brains of Sanfilippo mice, there was a near-normalisation of microglial activation in older MPS IIIA mice by 904 nm PBM, with decreased IBA1 expression and a return of their morphology towards a resting state. Immune cell immunophenotyping of peripheral blood with mass cytometry revealed increased pro-inflammatory signalling through pSTAT1 and p-p38 in NK and T cells in young but not older MPS IIIA mice (5 weeks of age), and expansion of NK, B and CD8+ T cells in older affected mice (17 weeks of age), highlighting the importance of innate and adaptive lymphocytes in Sanfilippo syndrome. Notably, 670 and 904 nm PBM both reversed the Sanfilippo-induced increase in pSTAT1 and p-p38 expression in multiple leukocyte populations in young mice, while 904 nm reversed the increase in NK cells in older mice. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate the beneficial effects of PBM in Sanfilippo mice. The distinct reduction in microglial activation and NK cell pro-inflammatory signalling and number suggests PBM may alleviate neuroinflammation and lymphocyte activation, encouraging further investigation of PBM as a standalone, or complementary therapy in Sanfilippo syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Lau
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - K Jin
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Beard
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - T Windram
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - K Xie
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J A O'Brien
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Neumann
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - B M King
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - M F Snel
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P J Trim
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Mitrofanis
- Fonds Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - K M Hemsley
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - P J Austin
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Veraldi N, Quadri ID, van de Looij Y, Modernell LM, Sinquin C, Zykwinska A, Tournier BB, Dalonneau F, Li H, Li JP, Millet P, Vives R, Colliec-Jouault S, de Agostini A, Sanches EF, Sizonenko SV. Low-molecular weight sulfated marine polysaccharides: Promising molecules to prevent neurodegeneration in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA? Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121214. [PMID: 37659814 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA is a hereditary disease caused by mutations in the sulfamidase enzyme that participates in catabolism of heparan sulfate (HS), leading to HS fragment accumulation and multisystemic failure. No cure exists and death occurs around the second decade of life. Two low molecular weight highly sulfated compounds derived from marine diabolican and infernan exopolysaccharides (A5_3 and A5_4, respectively) with heparanase inhibiting properties were tested in a MPSIIIA cell line model, resulting in limited degradation of intracellular HS. Next, we observed the effects of intraperitoneal injections of the diabolican derivative A5_3 from 4 to 12 weeks of age on MPSIIIA mice. Brain metabolism and microstructure, levels of proteins and genes involved in MPSIIIA brain pathophysiology were also investigated. 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) indicated deficits in energetic metabolism, tissue integrity and neurotransmission at both 4 and 12 weeks in MPSIIIA mice, with partial protective effects of A5_3. Ex-vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) showed white matter microstructural damage in MPSIIIA, with noticeable protective effects of A5_3. Protein and gene expression assessments displayed both pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic profiles in MPSIIIA mice, with benefits of A5_3 counteracting neuroinflammation. Overall, derivative A5_3 was well tolerated and was shown to be efficient in preventing brain metabolism failure and inflammation, resulting in preserved brain microstructure in the context of MPSIIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Veraldi
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Dentand Quadri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Yohan van de Looij
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Animal Imaging Technology section, Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics & Gynecology & Obstetrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Malaguti Modernell
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics & Gynecology & Obstetrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Benjamin B Tournier
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Honglian Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Philippe Millet
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Romain Vives
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Ariane de Agostini
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Eduardo Farias Sanches
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics & Gynecology & Obstetrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphane V Sizonenko
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics & Gynecology & Obstetrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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3
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Pollock K, Noritake S, Imai DM, Pastenkos G, Olson M, Cary W, Yang S, Fierro FA, White J, Graham J, Dahlenburg H, Johe K, Nolta JA. An immune deficient mouse model for mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (Sanfilippo syndrome). Sci Rep 2023; 13:18439. [PMID: 37891179 PMCID: PMC10611714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPSIII, Sanfilippo syndrome) is a devastating lysosomal storage disease that primarily affects the central nervous system. MPSIIIA is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene coding for sulfamidase (N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase/SGSH) resulting in SGSH enzyme deficiency, a buildup of heparin sulfate and subsequent neurodegeneration. There is currently no cure or disease modifying treatment for MPSIIIA. A mouse model for MPSIIIA was characterized in 1999 and later backcrossed onto the C57BL/6 background. In the present study, a novel immune deficient MPSIIIA mouse model (MPSIIIA-TKO) was created by backcrossing the immune competent, C57BL/6 MPSIIIA mouse to an immune deficient mouse model lacking Rag2, CD47 and Il2rg genes. The resulting mouse model has undetectable SGSH activity, exhibits histological changes consistent with MPSIIIA and lacks T cells, B cells and NK cells. This new mouse model has the potential to be extremely useful in testing human cellular therapies in an animal model as it retains the MPSIIIA disease phenotype while tolerating xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Pollock
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Sabrina Noritake
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Pastenkos
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marykate Olson
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Whitney Cary
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Yang
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Fernando A Fierro
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jeannine White
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Justin Graham
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Heather Dahlenburg
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Karl Johe
- ReMotor Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
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4
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Ferreira AC, Sousa N, Sousa JC, Marques F. Age-related changes in mice behavior and the contribution of lipocalin-2. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1179302. [PMID: 37168715 PMCID: PMC10164932 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1179302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging causes considerable changes in the nervous system, inducing progressive and long-lasting loss of physiological integrity and synaptic plasticity, leading to impaired brain functioning. These age-related changes quite often culminate in behavioral dysfunctions, such as impaired cognition, which can ultimately result in various forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Still, little is known regarding the effects of aging on behavior. Moreover, the identification of factors involved in regenerative plasticity, in both the young and aged brain, is scarce but crucial from a regenerative point of view and for our understanding on the mechanisms that control the process of normal aging. Recently, we have identified the iron-trafficking protein lipocalin-2 (LCN2) as novel regulator of animal behavior and neuronal plasticity in the young adult brain. On the other hand, others have proposed LCN2 as a biological marker for disease progression in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Still, and even though LCN2 is well accepted as a regulator of neural processes in the healthy and diseased brain, its contribution in the process of normal aging is not known. Here, we performed a broad analysis on the effects of aging in mice behavior, from young adulthood to middle and late ages (2-, 12-, and 18-months of age), and in the absence of LCN2. Significant behavioral differences between aging groups were observed in all the dimensions analyzed and, in mice deficient in LCN2, aging mainly reduced anxiety, while sustained depressive-like behavior observed at younger ages. These behavioral changes imposed by age were further accompanied by a significant decrease in cell survival and neuronal differentiation at the hippocampus. Our results provide insights into the role of LCN2 in the neurobiological processes underlying brain function and behavior attributed to age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Fernanda Marques,
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5
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Dandi E, Spandou E, Tata DA. Investigating the role of environmental enrichment initiated in adolescence against the detrimental effects of chronic unpredictable stress in adulthood: Sex-specific differences in behavioral and neuroendocrinological findings. Behav Processes 2022; 200:104707. [PMID: 35842198 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Environmental Enrichment (EE) improves cognitive function and enhances brain plasticity, while chronic stress increases emotionality, impairs learning and memory, and has adverse effects on brain anatomy and biochemistry. We explored the beneficial role of environmental enrichment initiated in adolescence against the negative outcomes of Chronic Unpredictable Stress (CUS) during adulthood on emotional behavior, cognitive function, as well as somatic and neuroendocrine markers in both sexes. Adolescent Wistar rats housed either in enriched or standard housing conditions for 10 weeks. On postnatal day 66, a subgroup from each housing condition was daily exposed to a 4-week stress protocol. Following stress, adult rats underwent behavioral testing to evaluate anxiety, exploration/locomotor activity, depressive-like behavior and spatial learning/memory. Upon completion of behavioral testing, animals were exposed to a 10-m stressful event to test the neuroendocrine response to acute stress. CUS decreased body weight gain and increased adrenal weight. Some stress-induced behavioral adverse effects were sex-specific since learning impairments were limited to males while depressive-like behavior to females. EE housing protected against CUS-related behavioral deficits and body weight loss. Exposure to CUS affected the neuroendocrine response of males to acute stress as revealed by the increased corticosterone levels. Our findings highlight the significant role of EE in adolescence as a protective factor against the negative effects of stress and underline the importance of inclusion of both sexes in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Dandi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Spandou
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina A Tata
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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6
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Arbabi A, Spencer Noakes L, Vousden D, Dazai J, Spring S, Botelho O, Keshavarzian T, Mattingly M, Ellegood JE, Nutter LMJ, Wissmann R, Sled JG, Lerch JP, Henkelman RM, Nieman BJ. Multiple-mouse magnetic resonance imaging with cryogenic radiofrequency probes for evaluation of brain development. Neuroimage 2022; 252:119008. [PMID: 35245675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple-mouse magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) increases scan throughput by imaging several mice simultaneously in the same magnet bore, enabling multiple images to be obtained in the same time as a single scan. This increase in throughput enables larger studies than otherwise feasible and is particularly advantageous in longitudinal study designs where frequent imaging time points result in high demand for MRI resources. Cryogenically-cooled radiofrequency probes (CryoProbes) have been demonstrated to have significant signal-to-noise ratio benefits over comparable room temperature coils for in vivo mouse imaging. In this work, we demonstrate implementation of a multiple-mouse MRI system using CryoProbes, achieved by mounting four such coils in a 30-cm, 7-Tesla magnet bore. The approach is demonstrated for longitudinal quantification of brain structure from infancy to early adulthood in a mouse model of Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type III), generated by knockout of the Hgsnat gene. We find that Hgsnat-/- mice have regionally increased growth rates compared to Hgsnat+/+ mice in a number of brain regions, notably including the ventricles, amygdala and superior colliculus. A strong sex dependence was also noted, with the lateral ventricle volume growing at an accelerated rate in males, but several structures in the brain parenchyma growing faster in females. This approach is broadly applicable to other mouse models of human disease and the increased throughput may be particularly beneficial in studying mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arbabi
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - L Spencer Noakes
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Pre-Therapeutic Target Discovery, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - D Vousden
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; DataKind UK, London, UK
| | - J Dazai
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Spring
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - O Botelho
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Keshavarzian
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Mattingly
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - J E Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L M J Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Wissmann
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Ettlingen, Germany
| | - J G Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R M Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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7
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Nomura S, Monobe M, Ema K, Yoshida K, Yamashita S, Ogino A, Nesumi A. Effects of a Tea Cultivar "MK5601" on Behaviors and Hippocampal Neurotrophin-3 Levels in Middle-Aged Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:170-179. [PMID: 34193676 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dietary factors are thought to play an important role in the prevention of cognition diseases and depression in late life. In the present study, we compared the effects between the theogallin-rich tea cultivar, "MK5601" and a common Japanese tea cultivar, "Yabukita" on behaviors and hippocampal neurotrophin levels in experimental animals. Middle-aged mice (aged 8 mo) were given either of the tea infusions or water ad libitum for 4 mo. In the novel object location test, the middle-aged mice drinking water or "Yabukita" performed worse than young mice (aged 2-3 mo) although the middle-aged mice drinking "MK5601" retained spatial memory at the same level as the young mice. We also found that the middle-aged mice drinking "MK5601" showed high levels of neurotrophin-3 in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the "MK5601" tea infusion appears to be effective in preventing age-related changes in cognitive function, as compared with a common Japanese tea cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Nomura
- Tea Research Division, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | - Manami Monobe
- Tea Research Division, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | - Kaori Ema
- Tea Research Division, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | - Katsuyuki Yoshida
- Tea Research Division, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | - Shuya Yamashita
- Tea Research Division, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | - Akiko Ogino
- Tea Research Division, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | - Atsushi Nesumi
- Tea Research Division, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
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8
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Douek AM, Amiri Khabooshan M, Henry J, Stamatis SA, Kreuder F, Ramm G, Änkö ML, Wlodkowic D, Kaslin J. An Engineered sgsh Mutant Zebrafish Recapitulates Molecular and Behavioural Pathobiology of Sanfilippo Syndrome A/MPS IIIA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115948. [PMID: 34073041 PMCID: PMC8197930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA, Sanfilippo syndrome type A), a paediatric neurological lysosomal storage disease, is caused by impaired function of the enzyme N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (SGSH) resulting in impaired catabolism of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (HS GAG) and its accumulation in tissues. MPS IIIA represents a significant proportion of childhood dementias. This condition generally leads to patient death in the teenage years, yet no effective therapy exists for MPS IIIA and a complete understanding of the mechanisms of MPS IIIA pathogenesis is lacking. Here, we employ targeted CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis to generate a model of MPS IIIA in the zebrafish, a model organism with strong genetic tractability and amenity for high-throughput screening. The sgshΔex5-6 zebrafish mutant exhibits a complete absence of Sgsh enzymatic activity, leading to progressive accumulation of HS degradation products with age. sgshΔex5-6 zebrafish faithfully recapitulate diverse CNS-specific features of MPS IIIA, including neuronal lysosomal overabundance, complex behavioural phenotypes, and profound, lifelong neuroinflammation. We further demonstrate that neuroinflammation in sgshΔex5-6 zebrafish is largely dependent on interleukin-1β and can be attenuated via the pharmacological inhibition of Caspase-1, which partially rescues behavioural abnormalities in sgshΔex5-6 mutant larvae in a context-dependent manner. We expect the sgshΔex5-6 zebrafish mutant to be a valuable resource in gaining a better understanding of MPS IIIA pathobiology towards the development of timely and effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon M. Douek
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (A.M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.-A.S.); (F.K.)
| | - Mitra Amiri Khabooshan
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (A.M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.-A.S.); (F.K.)
| | - Jason Henry
- Neurotoxicology Lab, School of Science (Biosciences), RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (J.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Sebastian-Alexander Stamatis
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (A.M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.-A.S.); (F.K.)
| | - Florian Kreuder
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (A.M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.-A.S.); (F.K.)
| | - Georg Ramm
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Minna-Liisa Änkö
- Centre for Reproductive Health and Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- Neurotoxicology Lab, School of Science (Biosciences), RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (J.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (A.M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.-A.S.); (F.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9902-9613; Fax: +61-3-9902-9729
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9
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Douglass ML, Beard H, Shoubridge A, Nazri N, King B, Trim PJ, Duplock SK, Snel MF, Hopwood JJ, Hemsley KM. Is SGSH heterozygosity a risk factor for early-onset neurodegenerative disease? J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:763-776. [PMID: 33423317 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal dysfunction may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) have been found in PD patients, and some but not all mutations in other lysosomal enzyme genes, for example, NPC1 and MCOLN1 have been associated with PD. We have examined the behaviour and brain structure of mice carrying a D31N mutation in the sulphamidase (Sgsh) gene which encodes a lysosomal sulphatase. Female heterozygotes and wildtype mice aged 12-, 15-, 18- and 21-months of age underwent motor phenotyping and the brain was comprehensively evaluated for disease-associated lesions. Heterozygous mice exhibited impaired performance in the negative geotaxis test when compared with wildtype mice. Whilst the brain of Sgsh heterozygotes aged up to 21-months did not exhibit any of the gross features of PD, Alzheimer's disease or the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders, for example, loss of striatal dopamine, reduced GBA activity, α-synuclein-positive inclusions, perturbation of lipid synthesis, or cerebellar Purkinje cell drop-out, we noted discrete structural aberrations in the dendritic tree of cortical pyramidal neurons in 21-month old animals. The overt disease lesions and resultant phenotypic changes previously described in individuals with heterozygous mutations in lysosomal enzyme genes such as glucocerebrosidase may be enzyme dependent. By better understanding why deficiency in, or mutant forms of some but not all lysosomal proteins leads to heightened risk or earlier onset of classical neurodegenerative disorders, novel disease-causing mechanisms may be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Douglass
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Beard
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Shoubridge
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nazzmer Nazri
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Barbara King
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul J Trim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, SAHMRI, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen K Duplock
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, SAHMRI, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marten F Snel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, SAHMRI, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John J Hopwood
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, SAHMRI, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kim M Hemsley
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Fernandes RM, Nascimento PC, Martins MK, Aragão WAB, Rivera LFS, Bittencourt LO, Cartágenes SC, Crespo-Lopez ME, do Socorro Ferraz Maia C, Lima RR. Evaluation of Cerebellar Function and Integrity of Adult Rats After Long-Term Exposure to Aluminum at Equivalent Urban Region Consumption Concentrations. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1425-1436. [PMID: 32564201 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
High amounts of aluminum (Al) are found in soil and water. It is highly bioavailable, which makes it an important agent of environmental imbalance. Moreover, Al is considered a neurotoxic agent that is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, this study investigated the effects of long-term Al chloride (AlCl3) exposure on motor behavior, oxidative biochemistry, and cerebellar tissue parameters. For this, adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Al-D1 (8.3 mg kg-1 day-1), Al-D2 (5.2 mg kg-1 day-1), and control (distilled water); all groups were orally exposed for 60 days by intragastric gavage. After the exposure period, animals performed the open field, elevated plus maze, rotarod, and beam walking tests. Then, the blood and cerebellum were collected to evaluate Al levels and biochemical and morphological analyses, respectively. Our results demonstrate that animals exposed to Al doses presented a higher Al level in the blood. In the spontaneous locomotor activity, Al exposure groups had traveled a lower total distance when compared with the control group. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between exposed and control groups when anxiogenic profile, forced locomotion, fine motor coordination/balance, pro-oxidative parameter, and density Purkinje cells were compared. Thus, aluminum exposure in equivalent doses to human consumption in urban regions did not promote significant changes in the cerebellum or motor parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Monteiro Fernandes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 1, Campus do Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 1, Campus do Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Karolina Martins
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 1, Campus do Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 1, Campus do Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Sarmiento Rivera
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 1, Campus do Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 1, Campus do Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina C Cartágenes
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 1, Campus do Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-900, Brazil.
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11
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Liao Z, Li J, Miao L, Huang Z, Huang W, Liu Y, Li Y. Inhibition of RhoA Activity Does Not Rescue Synaptic Development Abnormalities and Long-Term Cognitive Impairment After Sevoflurane Exposure. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:468-481. [PMID: 33237472 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
General anesthetics interfere with dendritic development and synaptogenesis, resulting in cognitive impairment in the developing animals. RhoA signal pathway plays important roles in dendritic development by regulating cytoskeleton protein such as tubulin and actin. However, it's not clear whether RhoA pathway is involved in inhaled general anesthetics sevoflurane-induced synaptic development abnormalities and long-term cognitive dysfunction. Rats at postnatal day 7 (PND7) were injected intraperitoneally with RhoA pathway inhibitor Y27632 or saline 20 min before exposed to 2.8% sevoflurane for 4 h. The apoptosis-related proteins and RhoA/CRMP2 pathway proteins in the hippocampus were measured 6 h after sevoflurane exposure. Cognitive functions were evaluated by the open field test on PND25 rats and contextual fear conditioning test on PND32-33 rats. The dendritic morphology and density of dendritic spines in the pyramidal neurons of hippocampus were determined by Golgi staining and the synaptic plasticity-related proteins were also measured on PND33 rats. Long term potentiation (LTP) from hippocampal slices was recorded on PND34-37 rats. Sevoflurane induced caspase-3 activation, decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and increased TUNEL-positive neurons in hippocampus of PND7 rats, which were attenuated by inhibition of RhoA. However, sevoflurane had no significant effects on activity of RhoA/CRMP2 pathway. Sevoflurane disturbed dendritic morphogenesis, reduced the number of dendritic spines, decreased proteins expression of PSD-95, drebrin and synaptophysin, inhibited LTP in hippocampal slices and impaired memory ability in the adolescent rats, while inhibition of RhoA activity did not rescue the changes above induced by sevoflurane. RhoA signal pathway did not participate in sevoflurane-induced dendritic and synaptic development abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in developing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Liping Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zeqi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wujian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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12
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Wang A, Zou X, Wu J, Ma Q, Yuan N, Ding F, Li X, Chen J. Early-Life Stress Alters Synaptic Plasticity and mTOR Signaling: Correlation With Anxiety-Like and Cognition-Related Behavior. Front Genet 2021; 11:590068. [PMID: 33381149 PMCID: PMC7767996 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.590068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) predisposes individuals to psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression, and cognitive impairments later in life. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Developmental deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity are among the primary detrimental alterations in brain function induced by ELS. Impaired synaptic plasticity is usually accompanied by decreased synaptic proteins, such as postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin, which are important for synaptic function. The mTOR signaling pathway plays a vital role in regulating protein translation, and mTOR activation is functionally associated with synaptic protein synthesis. In the present study, we observed whether ELS impacts synaptic protein synthesis and mTOR signaling, which is involved in synaptic plasticity. Herein, we established a maternal separation (MS) and chronic restraint stress (CRS) model and evaluated anxiety-like behavior and cognitive function (e.g., learning and memory) in adulthood through behavioral examination and analyzed hippocampal expression levels of PSD95 and synaptophysin. To explore whether the mTOR signaling pathway was associated with ELS, we also examined the activity of mTOR and s6. The behavior tests indicated that maternally separated mice showed increased anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairments. PSD95 and synaptophysin mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased in the hippocampus, and phosphorylated mTOR and phosphorylated s6 were significantly decreased in maternally separated mice vs. those not exposed to MS. Our data demonstrate that MS impairs synaptic plasticity and inhibits mTOR signaling, specifically via s6. Therefore, we speculate that ELS decreased synaptic plasticity via the inhibition of the mTOR pathway in the hippocampus, which may underlie vulnerability to stress and mental disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfeng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naijun Yuan
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengmin Ding
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Unteroberdörster M, Herring A, Bendix I, Lückemann L, Petschulat J, Sure U, Keyvani K, Hetze S, Schedlowski M, Hadamitzky M. Neurobehavioral effects in rats with experimentally induced glioblastoma after treatment with the mTOR-inhibitor rapamycin. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108424. [PMID: 33285202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric symptoms as seen in affective and anxiety disorders frequently appear during glioblastoma (GBM) treatment and disease progression, additionally deteriorate patient's daily life routine. These central comorbidities are difficult to recognize and the causes for these effects are unknown. Since overactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)- signaling is one key driver in GBM growth, the present study aimed at examining in rats with experimentally induced GBM, neurobehavioral consequences during disease progression and therapy. Male Fisher 344 rats were implanted with syngeneic RG2 tumor cells in the right striatum and treated with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (3 mg/kg; once daily, for eight days) before behavioral performance, brain protein expression, and blood samples were analyzed. We could show that treatment with rapamycin diminished GBM tumor growth, confirming mTOR-signaling as one key driver for tumor growth. Importantly, in GBM animals' anxiety-like behavior was observed but only after treatment with rapamycin. These behavioral alterations were moreover accompanied by aberrant glucocorticoid receptor, phosphorylated p70 ribosomal S6 kinase alpha (p-p70s6k), and brain derived neurotrophic factor protein expression in the hippocampus and amygdala in the non-tumor-infiltrated hemisphere of the brain. Despite the beneficial effects on GBM tumor growth, our findings indicate that therapy with rapamycin impaired neurobehavioral functioning. This experimental approach has a high translational value. For one, it emphasizes aberrant mTOR functioning as a central feature mechanistically linking complex brain diseases and behavioral disturbances. For another, it highlights the importance of elaborating the cause of unwanted central effects of immunosuppressive and antiproliferative drugs used in transplantation medicine, immunotherapy, and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Unteroberdörster
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Herring
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivo Bendix
- Department of Pediatrics I/ Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neuroscience, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Lückemann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Petschulat
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Susann Hetze
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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14
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Le SQ, Nestrasil I, Kan SH, Egeland M, Cooper JD, Elashoff D, Guo R, Tolar J, Yee JK, Dickson PI. Myelin and Lipid Composition of the Corpus Callosum in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Mice. Lipids 2020; 55:627-637. [PMID: 32537944 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal disease with progressive central nervous system involvement. This study examined the lipid, cholesterol, and myelin basic protein composition of white matter in the corpus callosum of MPS I mice. We studied 50 week-old, male MPS I mice and littermate, heterozygote controls (n = 12 per group). Male MPS I mice showed lower phosphatidylcholine and ether-linked phosphatidylcholine quantities than controls (p < 0.05). Twenty-two phospholipid or ceramide species showed significant differences in percent of total. Regarding specific lipid species, MPS I mice exhibited lower quantities of sphingomyelin 18:1, phosphatidylserine 38:3, and hexosylceramide d18:1(22:1) mH2 O than controls. Principal components analyses of polar, ceramide, and hexosylceramide lipids, respectively, showed some separation of MPS I and control mice. We found no significant differences in myelin gene expression, myelin basic protein, or total cholesterol in the MPS I mice versus heterozygous controls. There was a trend toward lower proteolipid protein-1 levels in MPS I mice (p = 0.06). MPS I mice show subtle changes in white matter composition, with an unknown impact on pathogenesis in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Q Le
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Igor Nestrasil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Shih-Hsin Kan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.,CHOC Children's Research Institute, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Orange, CA, 55454, USA
| | - Martin Egeland
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, 100 Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, 100 Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jennifer K Yee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Patricia I Dickson
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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15
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Akter S, Uddin KR, Sasaki H, Shibata S. Gamma Oryzanol Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Anxiety-Like Behaviors Through Downregulation of Dopamine and Inflammation in the Amygdala of Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:330. [PMID: 32256371 PMCID: PMC7090127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high-fat diet (HFD) can induce obesity and metabolic disorders that are closely associated with cognitive impairments, and the progression of several psychiatric disorders such as anxiety. We have previously demonstrated the anxiolytic-like effect of Gamma oryzanol (GORZ) in chronic restraint stressed mice. Objective We studied the neurochemical and molecular mechanisms that underlie the preventive effect of GORZ in HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors, monoaminergic dysfunction, and inflammation. Methods Eight-week-old Institute of Cancer (ICR) male mice weighing 33–34 g were divided into the following groups and free-fed for 8 weeks: control (14% casein, AIN 93M); HFD; HFD + GORZ (0.5% GORZ). Body weight gain was checked weekly. The anxiolytic-like effects of GORZ were examined via open-field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Brain levels of monoamines [5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE)] and their metabolites [5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG)], proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-αα (Tnf-α) mRNA levels, and interleukin 1-β (Il-1β) mRNA levels in the cerebral cortex and amygdala were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD), and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Results Mice fed a HFD for eight weeks showed anxiety-like behaviors in association with HFD-induced body weight gain. GORZ potentially blocked HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors via significant improvement of the primary behavioral parameters in behavioral tests, with a minor reduction in HFD-induced body weight gain. Furthermore, GORZ treatment significantly downregulated HFD-induced upregulation of dopamine levels in the brain's amygdala. Significant reduction of the relative mRNA expression of Tnf-α and Il-1 β was also observed in the amygdala of HFD + GORZ mice, compared to HFD mice. Conclusions Our findings strongly suggest that 0.5% GORZ exerts anxiolytic-like effects, possibly through downregulation of dopamine, and via expression of proinflammatory cytokines Tnf-α and Il-1 β in the case of chronic HFD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salina Akter
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazi Rasel Uddin
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Heon-Roberts R, Nguyen ALA, Pshezhetsky AV. Molecular Bases of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Decline, the Major Burden of Sanfilippo Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020344. [PMID: 32012694 PMCID: PMC7074161 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of diseases caused by the lysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, due to genetic deficiencies of enzymes involved in their degradation. MPS III or Sanfilippo disease, in particular, is characterized by early-onset severe, progressive neurodegeneration but mild somatic involvement, with patients losing milestones and previously acquired skills as the disease progresses. Despite being the focus of extensive research over the past years, the links between accumulation of the primary molecule, the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate, and the neurodegeneration seen in patients have yet to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular bases of neurological decline in Sanfilippo disease. It emerges that this deterioration results from the dysregulation of multiple cellular pathways, leading to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, impaired autophagy and defects in cellular signaling. However, many important questions about the neuropathological mechanisms of the disease remain unanswered, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Heon-Roberts
- Division of Medical Genetics, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (R.H.-R.); (A.L.A.N.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Annie L. A. Nguyen
- Division of Medical Genetics, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (R.H.-R.); (A.L.A.N.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexey V. Pshezhetsky
- Division of Medical Genetics, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (R.H.-R.); (A.L.A.N.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-345-4931 (ext. 2736)
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Sorrentino NC, Cacace V, De Risi M, Maffia V, Strollo S, Tedesco N, Nusco E, Romagnoli N, Ventrella D, Huang Y, Liu N, Kalled SL, Choi VW, De Leonibus E, Fraldi A. Enhancing the Therapeutic Potential of Sulfamidase for the Treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 15:333-342. [PMID: 31788497 PMCID: PMC6881609 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS-IIIA) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by inherited defect of sulfamidase, a lysosomal sulfatase. MPS-IIIA is one of the most common and severe forms of LSDs with CNS involvement. Presently there is no cure. Here we have developed a new gene delivery approach for the treatment of MPS-IIIA based on the use of a modified version of sulfamidase expression cassette. This cassette encodes both a chimeric sulfamidase containing an alternative signal peptide (sp) to improve enzyme secretion and sulfatase-modifying factor 1 (SUMF1) to increase sulfamidase post-translational activation rate. We demonstrate that improved secretion and increased activation of sulfamidase act synergistically to enhance enzyme biodistribution in wild-type (WT) pigs upon intrathecal adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-mediated gene delivery. Translating such gene delivery strategy to a mouse model of MPS-IIIA results in a rescue of brain pathology, including memory deficit, as well as improvement in somatic tissues. These data may pave the way for developing effective gene delivery replacement protocols for the treatment of MPS-IIIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Cacace
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Maffia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Sandra Strollo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Novella Tedesco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nusco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Romagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yan Huang
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nan Liu
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fraldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
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18
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Gustavsson S, Ohlin Sjöström E, Tjernberg A, Janson J, Westermark U, Andersson T, Makower Å, Arnelöf E, Andersson G, Svartengren J, Ekholm C, Svensson Gelius S. Intravenous delivery of a chemically modified sulfamidase efficiently reduces heparan sulfate storage and brain pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA mice. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 21:100510. [PMID: 31528541 PMCID: PMC6737345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) characterized by severe central nervous system (CNS) degeneration. The disease is caused by mutations in the SGSH gene coding for the lysosomal enzyme sulfamidase. Sulfamidase deficiency leads to accumulation of heparan sulfate (HS), which triggers aberrant cellular function, inflammation and eventually cell death. There is currently no available treatment against MPS IIIA. In the present study, a chemically modified recombinant human sulfamidase (CM-rhSulfamidase) with disrupted glycans showed reduced glycan receptor mediated endocytosis, indicating a non-receptor mediated uptake in MPS IIIA patient fibroblasts. Intracellular enzymatic activity and stability was not affected by chemical modification. After intravenous (i.v.) administration in mice, CM-rhSulfamidase showed a prolonged exposure in plasma and distributed to the brain, present both in vascular profiles and in brain parenchyma. Repeated weekly i.v. administration resulted in a dose- and time-dependent reduction of HS in CNS compartments in a mouse model of MPS IIIA. The reduction in HS was paralleled by improvements in lysosomal pathology and neuroinflammation. Behavioral deficits in the MPS IIIA mouse model were apparent in the domains of exploratory behavior, neuromuscular function, social- and learning abilities. CM-rhSulfamidase treatment improved activity in the open field test, endurance in the wire hanging test, sociability in the three-chamber test, whereas other test parameters trended towards improvements. The unique properties of CM-rhSulfamidase described here strongly support the normalization of clinical symptoms, and this candidate drug is therefore currently undergoing clinical studies evaluating safety and efficacy in patients with MPS IIIA.
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Key Words
- ADA, Anti-drug antibody
- AF, Autofluorescence
- BBB, Blood-brain barrier
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovarian
- CM-rhSulfamidase, Chemically modified recombinant human sulfamidase
- CNS, Central nervous system
- CPM, Chlorpheniramine maleate
- ECL, Electrochemiluminescence
- ERT, Recombinant enzyme replacement therapy
- Enzyme replacement therapy
- GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- HS, Heparan sulfate
- Heparan sulfate
- LC-MS, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- LC-MS/MS, Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- LIMPII, Lysosomal integral membrane protein II
- LSD, Lysosomal storage disease
- M6P, Mannose 6-phosphate
- MPS IIIA, Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA
- MSD-ECL, Meso scale discovery electrochemiluminescence
- MTX, Methotrexate
- Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA
- Neuroinflammation
- PBS, Phosphate buffered saline
- PFA, Paraformaldehyde
- PK, Pharmacokinetic
- RT, Room temperature
- SEC, Size exclusion chromatography
- SEM, Standard error of mean
- Sanfilippo
- Sulfamidase
- TFA, Trifluoroacetic acid
- WT, Wild type
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Svensson Gelius
- Research & Translational Science Unit, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ), Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Cognitive and behavioral effects of brief seizures in mice. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 98:249-257. [PMID: 31398689 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidities associated with epilepsy greatly reduce patients' quality of life. Since antiepilepsy drugs show limited success in ameliorating cognitive and behavioral symptoms, there is a need to better understand the mechanisms underlying epilepsy-related cognitive and behavioral impairments. Most prior research addressing this problem has focused on chronic epilepsy, wherein many factors can simultaneously impact cognition and behavior. The purpose of the present study was to develop a testing paradigm using mice that can provide new insight into how short-term biological changes underlying acute seizures impact cognition and behavior. In Experiment 1, naïve C57BL/6J mice were subjected to either three brief, generalized electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) or three sham treatments equally spaced over the course of 30 min. Over the next 2 h, mice were tested in a novel object recognition paradigm. Follow-up studies examined locomotor activity immediately before and after (Experiment 2), immediately after (Experiment 3), and 45 min after (Experiment 4) a set of three ECS or sham treatments. Whereas results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference in recognition memory acquisition between ECS and sham-treated mice, measures of anxiety-like behavior were increased and novel object interest was decreased in ECS-treated mice compared with that in sham. Interestingly, ECS also produced a delayed inhibitory effect on locomotion, decreasing open-field activity 45-min posttreatment compared to sham. We conclude that a small cluster of brief seizures can have acute, behaviorally relevant effects in mice, and that greater emphasis should be placed on events that take place before chronic epilepsy is established in order to better understand epilepsy-related cognitive and behavioral impairments. Future research would benefit from using the paradigms defined above to study the effects of individual seizures on mouse cognition and behavior.
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20
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He QQ, Trim PJ, Lau AA, King BM, Hopwood JJ, Hemsley KM, Snel MF, Ferro V. Synthetic Disaccharide Standards Enable Quantitative Analysis of Stored Heparan Sulfate in MPS IIIA Murine Brain Regions. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3847-3858. [PMID: 31264853 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a complex polysaccharide from the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) family that accumulates in tissues in several neurological lysosomal storage diseases known as mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) disorders. The quantitation of HS in biological samples is important for studying MPS disorders but is very challenging because of its high molecular weight and heterogeneity. Recently, acid-catalyzed butanolysis followed by LC-MS/MS analysis has emerged as a promising method for the determination of HS. Butanolysis of HS produces fully desulfated disaccharide cleavage products which are detected by LC-MS/MS. Herein we describe the synthesis of butylated HS disaccharide standards and their use for determining the identity of major product peaks in LC-MS chromatograms from butanolysis of HS as well as the related GAGs heparin and heparosan. Furthermore, synthesis of a d9-labeled disaccharide internal standard enabled the development of a quantitative LC-MS/MS assay for HS. The assay was utilized for the analysis of MPS IIIA mouse brain tissues, revealing significant differences in abundance and in the regional accumulation of the various HS disaccharides in affected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul J. Trim
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Adeline A. Lau
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Barbara M. King
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - John J. Hopwood
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Kim M. Hemsley
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Marten F. Snel
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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21
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Soe K, Beard H, Neumann D, Trim PJ, Duplock S, Snel MF, Hopwood JJ, Hemsley KM. Early disease course is unaltered in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) mice lacking α-synuclein. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:715-731. [PMID: 30907009 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA; MPS IIIA) is an inherited paediatric-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by the lysosomal deficiency of sulphamidase with subsequent accumulation of heparan sulphate. The pathological mechanisms responsible for clinical disease are unknown; however, intraneuronal accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins such as α-synuclein, phosphorylated tau and amyloid precursor protein suggests inefficient intracellular trafficking and lysosomal degradation. AIM To investigate the contribution the accumulating α-synuclein plays in early symptom emergence that is, impaired cognition, reduced anxiety and motor deficits, first detectable between 3-5 months of age. METHODS We have crossed congenic MPS IIIA mice with α-synuclein-deficient (Sncatm1Rosl /J) mice and evaluated phenotype and brain disease lesions. RESULTS In a battery of behavioural tests performed on mice aged 12-22 weeks, we were unable to differentiate α-synuclein-deficient MPS IIIA mice from those with one or both copies of the α-synuclein gene; all three affected genotypes were significantly impaired in test performance when compared to wild-type littermates. Histological studies revealed that the rate, location and nature of deposition of other proteinaceous lesions, the disruption to endolysosomal protein expression and the inflammatory response seen in the brain of α-synuclein-deficient MPS IIIA mice reflected that seen in MPS IIIA mice homo- or heterozygous for α-synuclein. CONCLUSION Deletion and/or deficiency of α-synuclein does not influence clinical and neuropathological disease progression in murine MPS IIIA, demonstrating that in and of itself, this protein does not initiate the cognitive and motor symptoms that occur in the first 5 months of life in MPS IIIA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Soe
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - H Beard
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - D Neumann
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P J Trim
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Duplock
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M F Snel
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J J Hopwood
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - K M Hemsley
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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22
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Choukairi Z, Hazzaz T, Lkhider M, Ferrandez JM, Fechtali T. Effect of Salvia Officinalis L. and Rosmarinus Officinalis L. leaves extracts on anxiety and neural activity. Bioinformation 2019; 15:172-178. [PMID: 31354192 PMCID: PMC6637401 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety, the illness of our time, is one of the most prevalent and co-morbid psychiatric disorder that represents a significant socioeconomic burden. Conventional treatment is associated with a number of side effects and there is a need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the modulating effects of Salvia Officinalis L. and Rosmarinus Officinalis L. leaves extracts on anxiety using different behavioral tests, and on neural activity using the Multi-electrode array technique. Data shows the decrease of the time of the immobility associated with a significant increase in the time spent in the center of the open field arena in the treated animals compared to the controls. The number of buried marbles has also decreased in the treated animals in the marble-burying test. On the other hand results also show a decrease of the neural activity explained by a decrease of the number of spikes after 24,48 and 72 h following the addition of 12,5 µg/ml of the plant leaf extracts to the neural culture. However, there were no spikes after the administration of 25µg/ml of the plants extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Choukairi
- Laboratory of Biosciences, Functional, integrated and molecular exploration, School Of Sciences and Technology - Mohammedia, Hassan II
University of Casablanca
| | - Tahar Hazzaz
- Laboratory of Biosciences, Functional, integrated and molecular exploration, School Of Sciences and Technology - Mohammedia, Hassan II
University of Casablanca
| | - Mustapha Lkhider
- Laboratory of Biosciences, Functional, integrated and molecular exploration, School Of Sciences and Technology - Mohammedia, Hassan II
University of Casablanca
| | | | - Taoufiq Fechtali
- Laboratory of Biosciences, Functional, integrated and molecular exploration, School Of Sciences and Technology - Mohammedia, Hassan II
University of Casablanca
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23
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Akter S, Sasaki H, Uddin KR, Ikeda Y, Miyakawa H, Shibata S. Anxiolytic effects of γ-oryzanol in chronically- stressed mice are related to monoamine levels in the brain. Life Sci 2018; 216:119-128. [PMID: 30468832 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was aimed to investigate the anxiolytic effect of γ-oryzanol (GORZ) during chronic restraint stress treatment (CRST), which is a well-documented model of stress-related disorders, like anxiety, and its potential molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experiment, 5-week-old male ICR mice were used and the concentration of GORZ was fixed at 0.5% in the mouse standard diet (14% casein, AIN 93 M). Mice were immobilized daily for 3 h from ZT 2.5 to 5.5 (ZT0 was designated as light-on time) for 20 consecutive days, followed by behavioral testing, including the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test. The concentration of serum corticosterone (CORT) was measured. In addition, the expression of central monoamine neurotransmitters with their metabolites in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and amygdala of the brain were examined. KEY FINDINGS 0.5% GORZ partially blocked stress-induced reduction of body weight gain while stressed mice had significantly lower body weights during the entire experimental period. Further, 0.5% GORZ treatment could significantly improve the main behavioral parameters even in CRST situations. The significant increase in serum CORT levels indicated CRST-induced stress, which was almost unaffected by 0.5% GORZ treatment. Moreover, 0.5% GORZ also supported the anxiolytic mechanism with enhancement of 5-HIAA and NE levels in the amygdala of brain after CRST. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our studies suggested that 0.5% GORZ is a potential therapeutic drug candidate against anxiety under chronic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salina Akter
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazi Rasel Uddin
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyakawa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IIIA is an inherited, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder resulting from mutations in the SGSH gene. Consequently, N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase enzyme activity is reduced resulting in impaired catabolism of heparan sulphate. After an asymptomatic period, patients typically show a progressive loss of cognitive and motor skills, with death often during the second decade of life. The diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include impaired communication and social interactions, as well as displays of repetitive behaviours and fixed interests. Children with MPS-IIIA have been shown to exhibit decreased social communicative behaviours from approximately 3-4 years of age but behavioural stereotypies are mostly absent. In this study, we investigated whether a mouse model of MPS-IIIA exhibited ASD-like symptoms. The BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J inbred mouse model of autism was used as a positive control. Male MPS-IIIA and BTBR mice were less sociable compared with unaffected C57BL/6 male mice in the reciprocal social approach test administered at 20 weeks of age. Alternations in the frequency of social interactions was not evident at earlier stages of the disease course, suggesting an acquisition of ASD-like social behaviours. Stereotypical behaviours were not evident in male MPS-IIIA mice in the marble-burying test nor was the quality of nest constructed by mice affected. Collectively, these data suggest that MPS-IIIA mice acquire autistic social behaviours similar to the human condition, and thus they may be useful for elucidating symptom generating mechanisms and novel treatments for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline A Lau
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Nutrition and Metabolism Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - Sarah J Tamang
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Nutrition and Metabolism Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Kim M Hemsley
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Nutrition and Metabolism Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
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25
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Dandi Ε, Kalamari A, Touloumi O, Lagoudaki R, Nousiopoulou E, Simeonidou C, Spandou E, Tata DA. Beneficial effects of environmental enrichment on behavior, stress reactivity and synaptophysin/BDNF expression in hippocampus following early life stress. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 67:19-32. [PMID: 29545098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental enrichment can beneficially influence the behavior and enhance synaptic plasticity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediated effects of environmental enrichment on postnatal stress-associated impact with regard to behavior, stress reactivity as well as synaptic plasticity changes in the dorsal hippocampus. Wistar rat pups were submitted to a 3 h maternal separation (MS) protocol during postnatal days 1-21, while another group was left undisturbed. On postnatal day 23, a subgroup from each rearing condition (maternal separation, no-maternal separation) was housed in enriched environmental conditions until postnatal day 65 (6 weeks duration). At approximately three months of age, adult rats underwent behavioral testing to evaluate anxiety (Elevated Plus Maze), locomotion (Open Field Test), spatial learning and memory (Morris Water Maze) as well as non-spatial recognition memory (Novel Object Recognition Test). After completion of behavioral testing, blood samples were taken for evaluation of stress-induced plasma corticosterone using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while immunofluorescence was applied to evaluate hippocampal BDNF and synaptophysin expression in dorsal hippocampus. We found that environmental enrichment protected against the effects of maternal separation as indicated by the lower anxiety levels and the reversal of spatial memory deficits compared to animals housed in standard conditions. These changes were associated with increased BDNF and synaptophysin expression in the hippocampus. Regarding the neuroendocrine response to stress, while exposure to an acute stressor potentiated corticosterone increases in maternally-separated rats, environmental enrichment of these rats prevented this effect. The current study aimed at investigating the compensatory role of enriched environment against the negative outcomes of adverse experiences early in life concurrently on emotional and cognitive behaviors, HPA function and neuroplasticity markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Εvgenia Dandi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Kalamari
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Olga Touloumi
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Rosa Lagoudaki
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Evangelia Nousiopoulou
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Constantina Simeonidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Evangelia Spandou
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece.
| | - Despina A Tata
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece.
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26
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Hadamitzky M, Herring A, Kirchhof J, Bendix I, Haight MJ, Keyvani K, Lückemann L, Unteroberdörster M, Schedlowski M. Repeated Systemic Treatment with Rapamycin Affects Behavior and Amygdala Protein Expression in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:592-602. [PMID: 29462337 PMCID: PMC6007742 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical data indicate that therapy with small-molecule immunosuppressive drugs is frequently accompanied by an incidence rate of neuropsychiatric symptoms. In the current approach, we investigated in rats whether repeated administration of rapamycin, reflecting clinical conditions of patients undergoing therapy with this mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, precipitates changes in neurobehavioral functioning. METHODS Male adult Dark Agouti rats were daily treated with i.p. injections of rapamycin (1, 3 mg/kg) or vehicle for 8 days. On days 6 and 7, respectively, behavioral performance in the Elevated Plus-Maze and the Open-Field Test was evaluated. One day later, amygdala tissue and blood samples were taken to analyze protein expression ex vivo. RESULTS The results show that animals treated with rapamycin displayed alterations in Elevated Plus-Maze performance with more pronounced effects in the higher dose group. Besides, an increase in glucocorticoid receptor density in the amygdala was seen in both treatment groups even though p-p70 ribosomal S6 kinase alpha, a marker for mammalian target of rapamycin functioning, was not affected. Protein level of the neuronal activity marker c-Fos was again only elevated in the higher dose group. Importantly, effects occurred in the absence of acute peripheral neuroendocrine changes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that anxiety-related behavior following rapamycin treatment was not directly attributed to mTOR-dependent mechanisms or stress but rather due to hyperexcitability of the amygdala together with glucocorticoid receptor-regulated mechanism(s) in this brain region. Together, the present results support the contention that subchronic treatment with rapamycin may induce neurobehavioral alterations in healthy, naive subjects. We here provide novel insights in central effects of systemic rapamycin in otherwise healthy subjects but also raise the question whether therapy with this drug may have detrimental effects on patients' neuropsychological functioning during immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,Correspondence: Martin Hadamitzky, PhD, Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany ()
| | - Arne Herring
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Kirchhof
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivo Bendix
- Department of Pediatrics I/ Experimental perinatal Neuroscience, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthew J Haight
- Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, University of San Francisco, San Francisco CA
| | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Lückemann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Meike Unteroberdörster
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sambri I, D'Alessio R, Ezhova Y, Giuliano T, Sorrentino NC, Cacace V, De Risi M, Cataldi M, Annunziato L, De Leonibus E, Fraldi A. Lysosomal dysfunction disrupts presynaptic maintenance and restoration of presynaptic function prevents neurodegeneration in lysosomal storage diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:112-132. [PMID: 27881461 PMCID: PMC5210158 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are inherited diseases characterized by lysosomal dysfunction and often showing a neurodegenerative course. There is no cure to treat the central nervous system in LSDs. Moreover, the mechanisms driving neuronal degeneration in these pathological conditions remain largely unknown. By studying mouse models of LSDs, we found that neurodegeneration develops progressively with profound alterations in presynaptic structure and function. In these models, impaired lysosomal activity causes massive perikaryal accumulation of insoluble α‐synuclein and increased proteasomal degradation of cysteine string protein α (CSPα). As a result, the availability of both α‐synuclein and CSPα at nerve terminals strongly decreases, thus inhibiting soluble NSF attachment receptor (SNARE) complex assembly and synaptic vesicle recycling. Aberrant presynaptic SNARE phenotype is recapitulated in mice with genetic ablation of one allele of both CSPα and α‐synuclein. The overexpression of CSPα in the brain of a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA, a severe form of LSD, efficiently re‐established SNARE complex assembly, thereby ameliorating presynaptic function, attenuating neurodegenerative signs, and prolonging survival. Our data show that neurodegenerative processes associated with lysosomal dysfunction may be presynaptically initiated by a concomitant reduction in α‐synuclein and CSPα levels at nerve terminals. They also demonstrate that neurodegeneration in LSDs can be slowed down by re‐establishing presynaptic functions, thus identifying synapse maintenance as a novel potentially druggable target for brain treatment in LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sambri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa D'Alessio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Yulia Ezhova
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Giuliano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Cacace
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Annunziato
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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Lau AA, King BM, Thorsen CL, Hassiotis S, Beard H, Trim PJ, Whyte LS, Tamang SJ, Duplock SK, Snel MF, Hopwood JJ, Hemsley KM. A novel conditional Sgsh knockout mouse model recapitulates phenotypic and neuropathic deficits of Sanfilippo syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:715-724. [PMID: 28451919 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IIIA, or Sanfilippo syndrome, is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (SGSH), involved in the catabolism of heparan sulfate. The clinical spectrum is broad and the age of symptom onset and the degree of preservation of cognitive and motor functions appears greatly influenced by genotype. To explore this further, we generated a conditional knockout (Sgsh KO ) mouse model with ubiquitous Sgsh deletion, and compared the clinical and pathological phenotype with that of the spontaneous Sgsh D31N MPS-IIIA mouse model. Phenotypic deficits were noted in Sgsh KO mice prior to Sgsh D31N mice, however these outcomes did not correlate with any shift in the time of appearance nor rate of accumulation of primary (heparan sulfate) or secondary substrates (GM2/GM3 gangliosides). Other disease lesions (elevations in lysosomal integral membrane protein-II expression, reactive astrocytosis and appearance of ubiquitin-positive inclusions) were also comparable between affected mouse strains. This suggests that gross substrate storage and these neuropathological markers are neither primary determinants, nor good biomarkers/indicators of symptom generation, confirming similar observations made recently in MPS-IIIA patients. The Sgsh KO mouse will be a useful tool for elucidation of the neurological basis of disease and assessment of the clinical efficacy of new treatments for Sanfilippo syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline A Lau
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Barbara M King
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Carly L Thorsen
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Sofia Hassiotis
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Helen Beard
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Paul J Trim
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Lauren S Whyte
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Sarah J Tamang
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Stephen K Duplock
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Marten F Snel
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - John J Hopwood
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Kim M Hemsley
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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29
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Boudewyn LC, Sikora J, Kuchar L, Ledvinova J, Grishchuk Y, Wang SL, Dobrenis K, Walkley SU. N-butyldeoxynojirimycin delays motor deficits, cerebellar microgliosis, and Purkinje cell loss in a mouse model of mucolipidosis type IV. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:257-270. [PMID: 28610891 PMCID: PMC5555164 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a lysosomal storage disease exhibiting progressive intellectual disability, motor impairment, and premature death. There is currently no cure or corrective treatment. The disease results from mutations in the gene encoding mucolipin-1, a transient receptor potential channel believed to play a key role in lysosomal calcium egress. Loss of mucolipin-1 and subsequent defects lead to a host of cellular aberrations, including accumulation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in neurons and other cell types, microgliosis and, as reported here, cerebellar Purkinje cell loss. Several studies have demonstrated that N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ, also known as miglustat), an inhibitor of the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), successfully delays the onset of motor deficits, improves longevity, and rescues some of the cerebellar abnormalities (e.g., Purkinje cell death) seen in another lysosomal disease known as Niemann-Pick type C (NPC). Given the similarities in pathology between MLIV and NPC, we examined whether miglustat would be efficacious in ameliorating disease progression in MLIV. Using a full mucolipin-1 knockout mouse (Mcoln1-/-), we found that early miglustat treatment delays the onset and progression of motor deficits, delays cerebellar Purkinje cell loss, and reduces cerebellar microgliosis characteristic of MLIV disease. Quantitative mass spectrometry analyses provided new data on the GSL profiles of murine MLIV brain tissue and showed that miglustat partially restored the wild type profile of white matter enriched lipids. Collectively, our findings indicate that early miglustat treatment delays the progression of clinically relevant pathology in an MLIV mouse model, and therefore supports consideration of miglustat as a therapeutic agent for MLIV disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Boudewyn
- Dominick P. Purpura Dept. of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jakub Sikora
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kuchar
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ledvinova
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yulia Grishchuk
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shirley L Wang
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kostantin Dobrenis
- Dominick P. Purpura Dept. of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven U Walkley
- Dominick P. Purpura Dept. of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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30
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Neurodevelopmental Changes in Excitatory Synaptic Structure and Function in the Cerebral Cortex of Sanfilippo Syndrome IIIA Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46576. [PMID: 28418018 PMCID: PMC5394534 DOI: 10.1038/srep46576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome, MPS IIIA-D, results from deficits in lysosomal enzymes that specifically degrade heparan sulfate, a sulfated glycosaminoglycan. The accumulation of heparan sulfate results in neurological symptoms, culminating in extensive neurodegeneration and early death. To study the impact of storage in postnatal neurodevelopment, we examined murine models of MPS IIIA, which lack the enzyme sulfamidase. We show that changes occur in excitatory postsynaptic structure and function in the somatosensory cortex prior to signs of neurodegeneration. These changes coincide with accumulation of heparan sulfate with characteristic non-reducing ends, which is present at birth in the mutant mice. Accumulation of heparan sulfate was also detected in primary cultures of cortical neural cells, especially astrocytes. Accumulation of heparan sulfate in cultured astrocytes corresponded with augmented extracellular heparan sulfate and glypican 4 levels. Heparan sulfate from the cerebral cortex of MPS IIIA mice showed enhanced ability to increase glutamate AMPA receptor subunits at the cell surface of wild type neurons. These data support the idea that abnormalities in heparan sulfate content and distribution contribute to alterations in postsynaptic function. Our findings identify a disease-induced developmental phenotype that temporally overlaps with the onset of behavioral changes in a mouse model of MPS IIIA.
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Marcó S, Pujol A, Roca C, Motas S, Ribera A, Garcia M, Molas M, Villacampa P, Melia CS, Sánchez V, Sánchez X, Bertolin J, Ruberte J, Haurigot V, Bosch F. Progressive neurologic and somatic disease in a novel mouse model of human mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:999-1013. [PMID: 27491071 PMCID: PMC5047683 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC (MPSIIIC) is a severe lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency in activity of the transmembrane enzyme heparan-α-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT) that catalyses the N-acetylation of α-glucosamine residues of heparan sulfate. Enzyme deficiency causes abnormal substrate accumulation in lysosomes, leading to progressive and severe neurodegeneration, somatic pathology and early death. There is no cure for MPSIIIC, and development of new therapies is challenging because of the unfeasibility of cross-correction. In this study, we generated a new mouse model of MPSIIIC by targeted disruption of the Hgsnat gene. Successful targeting left LacZ expression under control of the Hgsnat promoter, allowing investigation into sites of endogenous expression, which was particularly prominent in the CNS, but was also detectable in peripheral organs. Signs of CNS storage pathology, including glycosaminoglycan accumulation, lysosomal distension, lysosomal dysfunction and neuroinflammation were detected in 2-month-old animals and progressed with age. Glycosaminoglycan accumulation and ultrastructural changes were also observed in most somatic organs, but lysosomal pathology seemed most severe in liver. Furthermore, HGSNAT-deficient mice had altered locomotor and exploratory activity and shortened lifespan. Hence, this animal model recapitulates human MPSIIIC and provides a useful tool for the study of disease physiopathology and the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marcó
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Anna Pujol
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Carles Roca
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Sandra Motas
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Albert Ribera
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Miguel Garcia
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Maria Molas
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Cristian S Melia
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Xavier Sánchez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Joan Bertolin
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruberte
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona 08036, Spain Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Virginia Haurigot
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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Kan SH, Le SQ, Bui QD, Benedict B, Cushman J, Sands MS, Dickson PI. Behavioral deficits and cholinergic pathway abnormalities in male Sanfilippo B mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:265-71. [PMID: 27340089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sanfilippo B syndrome is a progressive neurological disorder caused by inability to catabolize heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. We studied neurobehavior in male Sanfilippo B mice and heterozygous littermate controls from 16 to 20 weeks of age. Affected mice showed reduced anxiety, with a decrease in the number of stretch-attend postures during the elevated plus maze (p=0.001) and an increased tendency to linger in the center of an open field (p=0.032). Water maze testing showed impaired spatial learning, with reduced preference for the target quadrant (p=0.01). In radial arm maze testing, affected mice failed to achieve above-chance performance in a win-shift working memory task (t-test relative to 50% chance: p=0.289), relative to controls (p=0.037). We found a 12.4% reduction in mean acetylcholinesterase activity (p<0.001) and no difference in choline acetyltransferase activity or acetylcholine in whole brain of affected male animals compared to controls. Cholinergic pathways are affected in adult-onset dementias, including Alzheimer disease. Our results suggest that male Sanfilippo B mice display neurobehavioral deficits at a relatively early age, and that as in adult dementias, they may display deficits in cholinergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Kan
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Steven Q Le
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Quang D Bui
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Braeden Benedict
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Cushman
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Testing Core, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Sands
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patricia I Dickson
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
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Emerging CAM Ziziphus nummularia with in vivo sedative-hypnotic, antipyretic and analgesic attributes. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:11. [PMID: 28330081 PMCID: PMC4701709 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus nummularia from Rhamnaceae family is traditionally used for sedative-hypnotic, antipyretic and analgesic purposes; however, scientific validations are lacking. This in vivo study was undertaken to verify the above ameliorative properties of Z. nummularia root methanolic extract. Various fractions of the extract were assayed on Balb/c mice by open field, Brewer’s yeast-induced hyperthermia and acetic acid-induced writhing experiments. The significance of the outcomes was analyzed with statistical tests. Various fractions of the extract exhibited marked dose-dependent (p < 0.05) sedative-hypnotic and antipyretic activities. The biological efficacies were most pronounced between 50 and 100 mg/kg. Further, the acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions were significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated by the extract. Chloroform fraction of the extract was most dominant followed by ethyl acetate. The demonstrated therapeutic attributes of Z. nummularia extract can be exploited to isolate pharmaceutically relevant compounds.
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King B, Setford ML, Hassiotis S, Trim PJ, Duplock S, Tucker JN, Hattersley K, Snel MF, Hopwood JJ, Hemsley KM. Low-dose, continual enzyme delivery ameliorates some aspects of established brain disease in a mouse model of a childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorder. Exp Neurol 2016; 278:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rostampour M, Hadipour E, Oryan S, Soltani B, Saadat F. Anxiolytic-like effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ripe pistachio hulls in adult female Wistar rats and its possible mechanisms. Res Pharm Sci 2016; 11:454-460. [PMID: 28003838 PMCID: PMC5168881 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.194870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to study the preventive effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ripe pistachio hulls (RPH) in the elevated plus maze model of anxiety. One hundred twenty female wistar rats in their estrous cycle were divided into 15 groups of 8 each and received various concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract of RPH except the control groups. Elevated plus maze was used to measure the level of anxiety. Percentage of time spent in the open arms (%OAT), percentage of the number of entries into the open arms (%OAE), locomotor activity, and time spent in the closed arms (CAT), and the number of entries in to the closed arms (CAE) were measured and compared. Dose-response experiments showed that only 10 mg/kg dose of RPH extract significantly increased %OAT (P < 0.001) and %OAE (P < 0.05) compared to the control group, indicating anti-anxiety effects of the extract. Also, pentylenetetrazol and an estrogen receptor antagonist (ERA) tamoxifen could block anti-anxiety effects of the extract (P < 0.001). It was also noticed that tamoxifen was able to significantly reduce locomotor activity. As the RPH extract showed a preventive effect in experimental model of anxiety, it might be concomitantly administered with other anxiolytic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rostampour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, I.R. Iran; Department of Physiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, I.R. Iran
| | - Elham Hadipour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kharazmy University. Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Shahrbano Oryan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kharazmy University. Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Bahram Soltani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, I.R. Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, I.R. Iran
| | - Farshid Saadat
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, I.R. Iran; Department of Immunology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, I.R. Iran
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Aronovich EL, Hackett PB. Lysosomal storage disease: gene therapy on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:83-93. [PMID: 25410058 PMCID: PMC4312729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most lysosomal storage disorders affect the nervous system as well as other tissues and organs of the body. Previously, the complexities of these diseases, particularly in treating neurologic abnormalities, were too great to surmount. However, based on recent developments there are realistic expectations that effective therapies are coming soon. Gene therapy offers the possibility of affordable, comprehensive treatment associated with these diseases currently not provided by standards of care. With a focus on correction of neurologic disease by systemic gene therapy of mucopolysaccharidoses types I and IIIA, we review some of the major recent advances in viral and non-viral vectors, methods of their delivery and strategies leading to correction of both the nervous and somatic tissues as well as evaluation of functional correction of neurologic manifestations in animal models. We discuss two questions: what systemic gene therapy strategies work best for correction of both somatic and neurologic abnormalities in a lysosomal storage disorder and is there evidence that targeting peripheral tissues (e.g., in the liver) has a future for ameliorating neurologic disease in patients?
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Aronovich
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Perry B Hackett
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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The effect of 1,8-cineole inhalation on preoperative anxiety: a randomized clinical trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:820126. [PMID: 25028591 PMCID: PMC4083598 DOI: 10.1155/2014/820126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inhalation of eucalyptus oil and its constituents on anxiety in patients before selective nerve root block (SNRB). This study was a randomized controlled trial carried out in 62 patients before SNRB. The patients were randomized to inhale limonene, 1,8-cineole, or eucalyptus oil, each at concentrations of 1% vol/vol in almond oil or almond oil (control). Anxiety-visual analog scale (A-VAS), state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), profile of mood states (POMS), pain-visual analog scale (P-VAS), blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured before and after inhalation prior to SNRB. Measures of anxiety, including A-VAS (P < 0.001), STAI (P = 0.005), and POMS (P < 0.001), were significantly lower in 1,8-cineole than in the control group and significantly greater in 1,8-cineole than in the eucalyptus group in A-VAS. P-VAS was significantly lower after than before inhalation of limonene, 1,8-cineole, and eucalyptus, despite having no significant difference in the four groups compared with control group. 1,8-Cineole, a major constituent of eucalyptus, was effective in decreasing anxiety before SNRB. The present findings suggest that inhalation of 1,8-cineole may be used to relieve anxiety before, during, and after various operations, in addition to SNRB.
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Trim PJ, Lau AA, Hopwood JJ, Snel MF. A simple method for early age phenotype confirmation using toe tissue from a mouse model of MPS IIIA. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:933-938. [PMID: 24623698 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Determination of genotype can be difficult, especially during the early stages of developing an animal model, e.g. when PCR primers are not yet available. An increase or decrease in specific metabolites can be used as a surrogate marker for genotype; for instance, in homozygous MPS IIIA mice heparan sulphate (HS) is increased. METHODS A simple method was developed for extracting and depolymerising HS from mouse toe tissue using methanolysis under acidic conditions. The sample was lyophilised and resuspended in methanolic HCl. The reaction products are desulphated disaccharides and readily analysable by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. Measurements were normalised to a spiked deuterated HS internal standard and to endogenous chondroitin sulphate (CS). RESULTS HS was measured in toe tissue taken from 30 mice in three groups of 10 (normal controls, MPS IIIA homozygotes and heterozygotes). A significant difference was observed between the MPS IIIA homozygotes and the other two groups, making it possible to identify mice with the MPS IIIA genotype based on the measurement of HS. Normalisation to CS was shown to correct for sample variability and reaction efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of toe tissue provides a simple and rapid way of determining a storage phenotype at 5 to 7 days of age. Significantly, this method does not require any additional samples to be taken from animals, as it utilises tissue that is a by-product of toe clipping, a method that is routinely used to permanently identify mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Trim
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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Prenatal deletion of the RNA-binding protein HuD disrupts postnatal cortical circuit maturation and behavior. J Neurosci 2014; 34:3674-86. [PMID: 24599466 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3703-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper functions of cortical circuits are dependent upon both appropriate neuronal subtype specification and their maturation to receive appropriate signaling. These events establish a balanced circuit that is important for learning, memory, emotion, and complex motor behaviors. Recent research points to mRNA metabolism as a key regulator of this development and maturation process. Hu antigen D (HuD), an RNA-binding protein, has been implicated in the establishment of neuronal identity and neurite outgrowth in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the role of HuD loss of function on neuron specification and dendritogenesis in vivo using a mouse model. We found that loss of HuD early in development results in a defective early dendritic overgrowth phase and pervasive deficits in neuron specification in the lower neocortical layers and defects in dendritogenesis in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Subsequent behavioral analysis revealed a deficit in performance of a hippocampus-dependent task: the Morris water maze. Further, HuD knock-out (KO) mice exhibited lower levels of anxiety than their wild-type counterparts and were overall less active. Last, we found that HuD KO mice are more susceptible to auditory-induced seizures, often resulting in death. Our findings suggest that HuD is necessary for the establishment of neocortical and hippocampal circuitry and is critical for their function.
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Wankhar D, Sheela Devi R, Ashok I. Emblica officinalis outcome on noise stress induced behavioural changes in Wistar albino rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Gunn G, Dai Y, Du M, Belakhov V, Kandasamy J, Schoeb TR, Baasov T, Bedwell DM, Keeling KM. Long-term nonsense suppression therapy moderates MPS I-H disease progression. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:374-381. [PMID: 24411223 PMCID: PMC3943726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonsense suppression therapy is a therapeutic approach aimed at treating genetic diseases caused by in-frame premature termination codons (PTCs; also commonly known as nonsense mutations). This approach utilizes compounds that suppress translation termination at PTCs, which allows translation to continue and partial levels of deficient protein function to be restored. We hypothesize that suppression therapy can attenuate the lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccharidosis type I-Hurler (MPS I-H), the severe form of α-L-iduronidase deficiency. α-L-iduronidase participates in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) catabolism and its insufficiency causes progressive GAG accumulation and onset of the MPS I-H phenotype, which consists of multiple somatic and neurological defects. 60-80% of MPS I-H patients carry a nonsense mutation in the IDUA gene. We previously showed that 2-week treatment with the designer aminoglycoside NB84 restored enough α-L-iduronidase function via PTC suppression to reduce tissue GAG accumulation in the Idua(tm1Kmke) MPS I-H mouse model, which carries a PTC homologous to the human IDUA-W402X nonsense mutation. Here we report that long-term NB84 administration maintains α-L-iduronidase activity and GAG reduction in Idua(tm1Kmke) mice throughout a 28-week treatment period. An examination of more complex MPS I-H phenotypes in Idua(tm1Kmke) mice following 28-week NB84 treatment revealed significant moderation of the disease in multiple tissues, including the brain, heart and bone, that are resistant to current MPS I-H therapies. This study represents the first demonstration that long-term nonsense suppression therapy can moderate progression of a genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Gunn
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Yanying Dai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Ming Du
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Valery Belakhov
- The Edith and Joseph Enzyme Inhibitors Laboratory, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- The Edith and Joseph Enzyme Inhibitors Laboratory, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Trenton R Schoeb
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Timor Baasov
- The Edith and Joseph Enzyme Inhibitors Laboratory, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - David M Bedwell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Kim M Keeling
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Metabolomic analysis of anti-hypoxia and anti-anxiety effects of Fu Fang Jin Jing Oral Liquid. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78281. [PMID: 24205180 PMCID: PMC3799728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herba Rhodiolae is a traditional Chinese medicine used by the Tibetan people for treating hypoxia related diseases such as anxiety. Based on the previous work, we developed and patented an anti-anxiety herbal formula Fu Fang Jin Jing Oral Liquid (FJJOL) with Herba Rhodiolae as a chief ingredient. In this study, the anti-hypoxia and anti-anxiety effects of FJJOL in a high altitude forced-swimming mouse model with anxiety symptoms will be elucidated by NMR-based metabolomics. Methods In our experiments, the mice were divided randomly into four groups as flatland group, high altitude saline-treated group, high altitude FJJOL-treated group, and high altitude diazepam-treated group. To cause anxiety effects and hypoxic defects, a combination use of oxygen level decreasing (hypobaric cabin) and oxygen consumption increasing (exhaustive swimming) were applied to mice. After a three-day experimental handling, aqueous metabolites of mouse brain tissues were extracted and then subjected to NMR analysis. The therapeutic effects of FJJOL on the hypobaric hypoxia mice with anxiety symptoms were verified. Results Upon hypoxic exposure, both energy metabolism defects and disorders of functional metabolites in brain tissues of mice were observed. PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA scatter plots revealed a clear group clustering for metabolic profiles in the hypoxia versus normoxia samples. After a three-day treatment with FJJOL, significant rescue effects on energy metabolism were detected, and levels of ATP, fumarate, malate and lactate in brain tissues of hypoxic mice recovered. Meanwhile, FJJOL also up-regulated the neurotransmitter GABA, and the improvement of anxiety symptoms was highly related to this effect. Conclusions FJJOL ameliorated hypobaric hypoxia effects by regulating energy metabolism, choline metabolism, and improving the symptoms of anxiety. The anti-anxiety therapeutic effects of FJJOL were comparable to the conventional anti-anxiety drug diazepam on the hypobaric hypoxia mice. FJJOL might serve as an alternative therapy for the hypoxia and anxiety disorders.
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Budinich CS, Tucker LB, Lowe D, Rosenberger JG, McCabe JT. Short and long-term motor and behavioral effects of diazoxide and dimethyl sulfoxide administration in the mouse after traumatic brain injury. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 108:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Haurigot V, Marcó S, Ribera A, Garcia M, Ruzo A, Villacampa P, Ayuso E, Añor S, Andaluz A, Pineda M, García-Fructuoso G, Molas M, Maggioni L, Muñoz S, Motas S, Ruberte J, Mingozzi F, Pumarola M, Bosch F. Whole body correction of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA by intracerebrospinal fluid gene therapy. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3254-3271. [PMID: 23863627 DOI: 10.1172/jci66778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For most lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) affecting the CNS, there is currently no cure. The BBB, which limits the bioavailability of drugs administered systemically, and the short half-life of lysosomal enzymes, hamper the development of effective therapies. Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) is an autosomic recessive LSD caused by a deficiency in sulfamidase, a sulfatase involved in the stepwise degradation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) heparan sulfate. Here, we demonstrate that intracerebrospinal fluid (intra-CSF) administration of serotype 9 adenoassociated viral vectors (AAV9s) encoding sulfamidase corrects both CNS and somatic pathology in MPS IIIA mice. Following vector administration, enzymatic activity increased throughout the brain and in serum, leading to whole body correction of GAG accumulation and lysosomal pathology, normalization of behavioral deficits, and prolonged survival. To test this strategy in a larger animal, we treated beagle dogs using intracisternal or intracerebroventricular delivery. Administration of sulfamidase-encoding AAV9 resulted in transgenic expression throughout the CNS and liver and increased sulfamidase activity in CSF. High-titer serum antibodies against AAV9 only partially blocked CSF-mediated gene transfer to the brains of dogs. Consistently, anti-AAV antibody titers were lower in CSF than in serum collected from healthy and MPS IIIA-affected children. These results support the clinical translation of this approach for the treatment of MPS IIIA and other LSDs with CNS involvement.
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Fahlström A, Zeberg H, Ulfhake B. Changes in behaviors of male C57BL/6J mice across adult life span and effects of dietary restriction. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1435-52. [PMID: 21989972 PMCID: PMC3528371 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral analysis is a high-end read-out of aging impact on an organism, and here, we have analyzed behaviors in 4-, 22-, and 28-month-old male C57BL/6J with a broad range of tests. For comparison, a group of 28-month-old males maintained on dietary restriction (DR) was included. The most conspicuous alteration was the decline in exploration activity with advancing age. Aging also affected other behaviors such as motor skill acquisition and grip strength, in contrast to latency to thermal stimuli and visual placement which were unchanged. Object recognition tests revealed intact working memory at 28 months while memory recollection was impaired already at 22 months. Comparison with female C57BL/6J (Fahlström et al., Neurobiol Aging 32:1868-1880, 2011) revealed that alterations in aged males and females are similar and that several of the behavioral indices correlate with age in both sexes. Moreover, we examined if behavioral indices in 22-month-old males could predict remaining life span as suggested in the study by Ingram and Reynolds (Exp Aging Res 12(3):155-162, 1986) and found that exploratory activity and motor skills accounted for up to 65% of the variance. Consistent with that a high level of exploratory activity and preserved motor capacity indicated a long post-test survival, 28-month-old males maintained on DR were more successful in such tests than ad libitum fed age-matched males. In summary, aged C57BL/6J males are marked by a reduced exploratory activity, an alteration that DR impedes. In light of recently published data, we discuss if a diminishing drive to explore may associate with aging-related impairment of central aminergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fahlström
- Experimental Neurogerontology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Zeberg
- Experimental Neurogerontology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Experimental Neurogerontology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Soibam B, Goldfeder RL, Manson-Bishop C, Gamblin R, Pletcher SD, Shah S, Gunaratne GH, Roman GW. Modeling Drosophila positional preferences in open field arenas with directional persistence and wall attraction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46570. [PMID: 23071591 PMCID: PMC3468593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In open field arenas, Drosophila adults exhibit a preference for arena boundaries over internal walls and open regions. Herein, we investigate the nature of this preference using phenomenological modeling of locomotion to determine whether local arena features and constraints on movement alone are sufficient to drive positional preferences within open field arenas of different shapes and with different internal features. Our model has two components: directional persistence and local wall force. In regions far away from walls, the trajectory is entirely characterized by a directional persistence probability, , for each movement defined by the step size, , and the turn angle, . In close proximity to walls, motion is computed from and a local attractive force which depends on the distance between the fly and points on the walls. The directional persistence probability was obtained experimentally from trajectories of wild type Drosophila in a circular open field arena and the wall force was computed to minimize the difference between the radial distributions from the model and Drosophila in the same circular arena. The two-component model for fly movement was challenged by comparing the positional preferences from the two-component model to wild type Drosophila in a variety of open field arenas. In most arenas there was a strong concordance between the two-component model and Drosophila. In more complex arenas, the model exhibits similar trends, but some significant differences were found. These differences suggest that there are emergent features within these complex arenas that have significance for the fly, such as potential shelter. Hence, the two-component model is an important step in defining how Drosophila interact with their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Soibam
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Goldfeder
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claire Manson-Bishop
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel Gamblin
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott D. Pletcher
- University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shishir Shah
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gemunu H. Gunaratne
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gregg W. Roman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Biology of Behavior Institute, University of Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mirkovic K, Palmersheim J, Lesage F, Wickman K. Behavioral characterization of mice lacking Trek channels. Front Behav Neurosci 2012; 6:60. [PMID: 22973213 PMCID: PMC3435516 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels are thought to underlie background K+ conductance in many cell types. The Trek subfamily of K2P channels consists of three members, Trek1/Kcnk2, Trek2/Kcnk10, and Traak/Kcnk4, all three of which are expressed in the rodent CNS. Constitutive ablation of the Trek1 gene in mice correlates with enhanced sensitivity to ischemia and epilepsy, decreased sensitivity to the effects of inhaled anesthetics, increased sensitivity to thermal and mechanical pain, and resistance to depression. While the distribution of Trek2 mRNA in the CNS is broad, little is known about the relevance of this Trek family member to neurobiology and behavior. Here, we probed the effect of constitutive Trek2 ablation, as well as the simultaneous constitutive ablation of all three Trek family genes, in paradigms that assess motor activity, coordination, anxiety-related behavior, learning and memory, and drug-induced reward-related behavior. No differences were observed between Trek2−/− and Trek1/2/Traak−/− mice in coordination or total distance traveled in an open-field. A gender-dependent impact of Trek ablation on open-field anxiety-related behavior was observed, as female but not male Trek2−/− and Trek1/2/Traak−/− mice spent more time in, and made a greater number of entries into, the center of the open-field than wild-type counterparts. Further evaluation of anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus maze and light/dark box, however, did not reveal a significant influence of genotype on performance for either gender. Furthermore, Trek−/− mice behaved normally in tests of learning and memory, including contextual fear conditioning and novel object recognition, and with respect to opioid-induced motor stimulation and conditioned place preference (CPP). Collectively, these data argue that despite their broad distribution in the CNS, Trek channels exert a minimal influence on a wide-range of behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Mirkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Lau AA, Shamsani NJ, Winner LK, Hassiotis S, King BM, Hopwood JJ, Hemsley KM. Neonatal Bone Marrow Transplantation in MPS IIIA Mice. JIMD Rep 2012; 8:121-32. [PMID: 23430528 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2012_169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with some neurological lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) exhibit improved clinical signs following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The failure of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IIIA patients and adult mice with the condition to respond to this treatment may relate to factors such as impaired migration of donor-derived cells into the brain, insufficient enzyme production and/or secretion by the donor-derived microglial cells, or the age at which treatment is initiated. To explore these possibilities, we treated neonatal MPS IIIA mice with whole unfractionated bone marrow and observed that nucleated blood cell reconstitution occurred to a similar degree in MPS IIIA mice receiving green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing normal (treatment group) or MPS IIIA-GFP marrow (control group) and normal mice receiving normal-GFP marrow (control group). Further, similar distribution patterns of GFP(+) normal or MPS IIIA donor-derived cells were observed throughout the MPS IIIA mouse brain. We demonstrate that N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (SGSH), the enzyme deficient in MPS IIIA, is produced and secreted in a manner proportional to that of other lysosomal enzymes. However, despite this, overall brain SGSH activity was unchanged in MPS IIIA mice treated with normal marrow and the lysosomal storage burden in whole brain homogenates did not decrease, most likely due to donor-derived cells comprising <0.24% of total recipient brain cells in all groups. This suggests that the failure of MPS IIIA patients and mice to respond to BMT may occur as a result of insufficient donor-derived enzyme production and/or uptake by host brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline A Lau
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, SA Pathology at the Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, 5006, Australia,
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Rostami E, Davidsson J, Ng KC, Lu J, Gyorgy A, Walker J, Wingo D, Plantman S, Bellander BM, Agoston DV, Risling M. A Model for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury that Induces Limited Transient Memory Impairment and Increased Levels of Axon Related Serum Biomarkers. Front Neurol 2012; 3:115. [PMID: 22837752 PMCID: PMC3401945 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most common neuronal insults and can lead to long-term disabilities. mTBI occurs when the head is exposed to a rapid acceleration-deceleration movement triggering axonal injuries. Our limited understanding of the underlying pathological changes makes it difficult to predict the outcome of mTBI. In this study we used a scalable rat model for rotational acceleration TBI, previously characterized for the threshold of axonal pathology. We have analyzed whether a TBI just above the defined threshold would induce any detectable behavioral changes and/or changes in serum biomarkers. The effect of injury on sensory motor functions, memory and anxiety were assessed by beam walking, radial arms maze and elevated plus maze at 3–7 days following TBI. The only behavioral deficits found were transient impairments in working and reference memory. Blood serum was analyzed at 1, 3, and 14 days after injury for changes in selected protein biomarkers. Serum levels of neurofilament heavy chain and Tau, as well as S100B and myelin basic protein showed significant increases in the injured animals at all time points. No signs of macroscopic injuries such as intracerebral hematomas or contusions were found. Amyloid precursor protein immunostaining indicated axonal injuries at all time points analyzed. In summary, this model mimics some of the key symptoms of mTBI, such as transient memory impairment, which is paralleled by an increase in serum biomarkers. Our findings suggest that serum biomarkers may be used to detect mTBI. The model provides a suitable foundation for further investigation of the underlying pathology of mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rostami
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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Arylsulfatase G inactivation causes loss of heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfatase activity and mucopolysaccharidosis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:10310-5. [PMID: 22689975 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202071109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) degradation causes a subclass of lysosomal storage disorders called mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs), many of which present with severe neuropathology. Critical steps in the degradation of the GAG heparan sulfate remain enigmatic. Here we show that the lysosomal arylsulfatase G (ARSG) is the long-sought glucosamine-3-O-sulfatase required to complete the degradation of heparan sulfate. Arsg-deficient mice accumulate heparan sulfate in visceral organs and the central nervous system and develop neuronal cell death and behavioral deficits. This accumulated heparan sulfate exhibits unique nonreducing end structures with terminal N-sulfoglucosamine-3-O-sulfate residues, allowing diagnosis of the disorder. Recombinant human ARSG is able to cleave 3-O-sulfate groups from these residues as well as from an authentic 3-O-sulfated N-sulfoglucosamine standard. Our results demonstrate the key role of ARSG in heparan sulfate degradation and strongly suggest that ARSG deficiency represents a unique, as yet unknown form of MPS, which we term MPS IIIE.
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