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Kniazkina M, Dyachuk V. Does EGFR Signaling Mediate Orexin System Activity in Sleep Initiation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119505. [PMID: 37298454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake cycle disorders are an important symptom of many neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles play a key role in maintaining the health of organisms. To date, these processes are still poorly understood and, therefore, need more detailed elucidation. The sleep process has been extensively studied in vertebrates, such as mammals and, to a lesser extent, in invertebrates. A complex, multi-step interaction of homeostatic processes and neurotransmitters provides the sleep-wake cycle. Many other regulatory molecules are also involved in the cycle regulation, but their functions remain largely unclear. One of these signaling systems is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which regulates the activity of neurons in the modulation of the sleep-wake cycle in vertebrates. We have evaluated the possible role of the EGFR signaling pathway in the molecular regulation of sleep. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie sleep-wake regulation will provide critical insight into the fundamental regulatory functions of the brain. New findings of sleep-regulatory pathways may provide new drug targets and approaches for the treatment of sleep-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kniazkina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Dyachuk
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
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Starnes AN, Jones JR. Inputs and Outputs of the Mammalian Circadian Clock. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040508. [PMID: 37106709 PMCID: PMC10136320 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in mammals are coordinated by the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Light and other environmental inputs change the timing of the SCN neural network oscillator, which, in turn, sends output signals that entrain daily behavioral and physiological rhythms. While much is known about the molecular, neuronal, and network properties of the SCN itself, the circuits linking the outside world to the SCN and the SCN to rhythmic outputs are understudied. In this article, we review our current understanding of the synaptic and non-synaptic inputs onto and outputs from the SCN. We propose that a more complete description of SCN connectivity is needed to better explain how rhythms in nearly all behaviors and physiological processes are generated and to determine how, mechanistically, these rhythms are disrupted by disease or lifestyle.
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Advancing Regenerative Medicine Through the Development of Scaffold, Cell Biology, Biomaterials and Strategies of Smart Material. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Todd WD. Potential Pathways for Circadian Dysfunction and Sundowning-Related Behavioral Aggression in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:910. [PMID: 33013301 PMCID: PMC7494756 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias are commonly reported to exhibit aggressive behavior and other emotional behavioral disturbances, which create a tremendous caretaker burden. There has been an abundance of work highlighting the importance of circadian function on mood and emotional behavioral regulation, and recent evidence demonstrates that a specific hypothalamic pathway links the circadian system to neurons that modulate aggressive behavior, regulating the propensity for aggression across the day. Such shared circuitry may have important ramifications for clarifying the complex interactions underlying "sundowning syndrome," a poorly understood (and even controversial) clinical phenomenon in AD and dementia patients that is characterized by agitation, aggression, and delirium during the late afternoon and early evening hours. The goal of this review is to highlight the potential output and input pathways of the circadian system that may underlie circadian dysfunction and behavioral aggression associated with sundowning syndrome, and to discuss possible ways these pathways might inform specific interventions for treatment. Moreover, the apparent bidirectional relationship between chronic disruptions of circadian and sleep-wake regulation and the pathology and symptoms of AD suggest that understanding the role of these circuits in such neurobehavioral pathologies could lead to better diagnostic or even preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Todd
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
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Lee DA, Liu J, Hong Y, Lane JM, Hill AJ, Hou SL, Wang H, Oikonomou G, Pham U, Engle J, Saxena R, Prober DA. Evolutionarily conserved regulation of sleep by epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax4249. [PMID: 31763451 PMCID: PMC6853770 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The genetic bases for most human sleep disorders and for variation in human sleep quantity and quality are largely unknown. Using the zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate, to investigate the genetic regulation of sleep, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is necessary and sufficient for normal sleep levels and is required for the normal homeostatic response to sleep deprivation. We observed that EGFR signaling promotes sleep via mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and RFamide neuropeptide signaling and that it regulates RFamide neuropeptide expression and neuronal activity. Consistent with these findings, analysis of a large cohort of human genetic data from participants of European ancestry revealed that common variants in genes within the EGFR signaling pathway are associated with variation in human sleep quantity and quality. These results indicate that EGFR signaling and its downstream pathways play a central and ancient role in regulating sleep and provide new therapeutic targets for sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Justin Liu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Young Hong
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew J. Hill
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sarah L. Hou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Heming Wang
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Grigorios Oikonomou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Uyen Pham
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jae Engle
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A. Prober
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Lee DA, Andreev A, Truong TV, Chen A, Hill AJ, Oikonomou G, Pham U, Hong YK, Tran S, Glass L, Sapin V, Engle J, Fraser SE, Prober DA. Genetic and neuronal regulation of sleep by neuropeptide VF. eLife 2017; 6:25727. [PMID: 29106375 PMCID: PMC5705210 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential and phylogenetically conserved behavioral state, but it remains unclear to what extent genes identified in invertebrates also regulate vertebrate sleep. RFamide-related neuropeptides have been shown to promote invertebrate sleep, and here we report that the vertebrate hypothalamic RFamide neuropeptide VF (NPVF) regulates sleep in the zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate. We found that NPVF signaling and npvf-expressing neurons are both necessary and sufficient to promote sleep, that mature peptides derived from the NPVF preproprotein promote sleep in a synergistic manner, and that stimulation of npvf-expressing neurons induces neuronal activity levels consistent with normal sleep. These results identify NPVF signaling and npvf-expressing neurons as a novel vertebrate sleep-promoting system and suggest that RFamide neuropeptides participate in an ancient and central aspect of sleep control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Andrey Andreev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Thai V Truong
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Audrey Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Andrew J Hill
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Grigorios Oikonomou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Uyen Pham
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Young K Hong
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Steven Tran
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Laura Glass
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Viveca Sapin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Jae Engle
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - David A Prober
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
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Rich T, Zhao F, Cruciani RA, Cella D, Manola J, Fisch MJ. Association of fatigue and depression with circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines and epidermal growth factor receptor ligands: a correlative study of a placebo-controlled fatigue trial. Cancer Manag Res 2017; 9:1-10. [PMID: 28203105 PMCID: PMC5295802 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The biology of fatigue and depression in cancer patients is poorly understood. Hypotheses regarding cytokines and growth factors related to sickness behavior and disruption of circadian signaling have been proposed. Objectives We prospectively examined proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., sickness behavior model) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands (e.g., circadian disruption model) in the serum of cancer patients enrolled in a clinical trial testing levocarnitine for fatigue. Methods Serum samples were collected at baseline and week 4. Cytokine/growth factor analyses were performed with a Luminex analyzer. The Brief Fatigue Index and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Index were used to measure fatigue and depression severity. The association between cytokine and symptoms was examined using logistic models. Results Among 101 analyzable patients, all ten cytokines/growth factors examined were highly elevated at baseline and all significantly decreased at week 4 (p<0.001) regardless of treatment intervention. At baseline, the odds of severe fatigue significantly increased for patients with higher level of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), whereas patients with higher levels of IL-1Ra, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon-γ, transforming growth factor α, and vascular endothelial growth factor had higher odds of severe depression. At week 4, fatigue (p=0.023) and depression (p=0.007) responders had less decrease in IL-1 level than the corresponding non-responders. Conclusion In this correlative analysis of a fatigue clinical trial, levels of fatigue were significantly associated with levels of IL-1 and IL-1Ra. Circadian-signaling pathways related to EGFR signaling were correlated with depression as were other cytokines. A major placebo effect was associated with a global decrease in cytokine and growth factors. These data provide further basis for testing hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of fatigue and depression in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyvin Rich
- Hampton University Proton Therapy Institute, Hampton, VA
| | | | | | - David Cella
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Michael J Fisch
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Sleep and wake are fundamental behavioral states whose molecular regulation remains mysterious. Brain states and body functions change dramatically between sleep and wake, are regulated by circadian and homeostatic processes, and depend on the nutritional and emotional condition of the animal. Sleep-wake transitions require the coordination of several brain regions and engage multiple neurochemical systems, including neuropeptides. Neuropeptides serve two main functions in sleep-wake regulation. First, they represent physiological states such as energy level or stress in response to environmental and internal stimuli. Second, neuropeptides excite or inhibit their target neurons to induce, stabilize, or switch between sleep-wake states. Thus, neuropeptides integrate physiological subsystems such as circadian time, previous neuron usage, energy homeostasis, and stress and growth status to generate appropriate sleep-wake behaviors. We review the roles of more than 20 neuropeptides in sleep and wake to lay the foundation for future studies uncovering the mechanisms that underlie the initiation, maintenance, and exit of sleep and wake states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Richter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Division of Sleep Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; ,
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Chiu CN, Prober DA. Regulation of zebrafish sleep and arousal states: current and prospective approaches. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:58. [PMID: 23576957 PMCID: PMC3620505 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Every day, we shift among various states of sleep and arousal to meet the many demands of our bodies and environment. A central puzzle in neurobiology is how the brain controls these behavioral states, which are essential to an animal's well-being and survival. Mammalian models have predominated sleep and arousal research, although in the past decade, invertebrate models have made significant contributions to our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of behavioral states. More recently, the zebrafish has emerged as a promising model system for sleep and arousal research. Here we review experimental evidence that the zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate, exhibits fundamental behavioral and neurochemical characteristics of mammalian sleep and arousal. We also propose how specific advantages of the zebrafish can be harnessed to advance the field. These include tractable genetics to identify and manipulate molecular and cellular regulators of behavioral states, optical transparency to facilitate in vivo observation of neural structure and function, and amenability to high-throughput drug screens to discover novel therapies for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Prober
- Division of Biology, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA, USA
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Depression, survival, and epidermal growth factor receptor genotypes in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Palliat Support Care 2013; 11:223-9. [PMID: 23399428 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951512001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although depression appears to be associated with worse survival from cancer, the underlying mechanisms of this association are unknown. Tumor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genotype is a known predictor of survival in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and appears to be associated with depression. We hypothesized that tumor EGFR genotype may account for a relationship between depression and survival in this population. We investigated this possible relationship in a cohort of patients with metastatic NSCLC, in which we had previously demonstrated an association between depression and worse survival. METHOD A cohort of 151 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic NSCLC were enrolled and followed in a randomized controlled trial of early palliative care. At enrollment, 150 had depression assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and categorical scoring for major depressive syndrome (MDS) was used for analyses. Patients with tumor tissue available underwent EGFR genotyping. Associations with survival were tested using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Twenty-one patients (14.0%) met criteria for MDS. Forty-four patients (29.3%) had EGFR genotyping, and 17 (38.6%) of these harbored EGFR mutations. Patients with EGFR mutations had significantly lower PHQ-9 scores (p = 0.03), and none met criteria for depression. EGFR mutations were significantly associated with superior survival (p = 0.02). When both depression and EGFR genotype were simultaneously entered into the model, only EGFR mutations remained significantly associated with survival (p = 0.02), and the effect of depression was attenuated. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS Depression is associated with worse survival in metastatic NSCLC, and this relationship may be at least partially explained by tumor EGFR genotype. Further study into whether depression could be associated with specific biologic properties of cancer that vary by genotype is warranted.
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Gall AJ, Todd WD, Blumberg MS. Development of SCN connectivity and the circadian control of arousal: a diminishing role for humoral factors? PLoS One 2012; 7:e45338. [PMID: 23028945 PMCID: PMC3441626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is part of a wake-promoting circuit comprising the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) and locus coeruleus (LC). Although widely considered a "master clock," the SCN of adult rats is also sensitive to feedback regarding an animal's behavioral state. Interestingly, in rats at postnatal day (P)2, repeated arousing stimulation does not increase neural activation in the SCN, despite doing so in the LC and DMH. Here we show that, by P8, the SCN is activated by arousing stimulation and that selective destruction of LC terminals with DSP-4 blocks this activational effect. We next show that bidirectional projections among the SCN, DMH, and LC are nearly absent at P2 but present at P8. Despite the relative lack of SCN connectivity with downstream structures at P2, day-night differences in sleep-wake activity are observed, suggesting that the SCN modulates behavior at this age via humoral factors. To test this hypothesis, we lesioned the SCN at P1 and recorded sleep-wake behavior at P2: Day-night differences in sleep and wake were eliminated. We next performed precollicular transections at P2 and P8 that isolate the SCN and DMH from the brainstem and found that day-night differences in sleep-wake behavior were retained at P2 but eliminated at P8. Finally, the SCN or DMH was lesioned at P8: When recorded at P21, rats with either lesion exhibited similarly fragmented wake bouts and no evidence of circadian modulation of wakefulness. These results suggest an age-related decline in the SCN's humoral influence on sleep-wake behavior that coincides with the emergence of bidirectional connectivity among the SCN, DMH, and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Gall
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - William D. Todd
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Blumberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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Pirl WF, Traeger L, Greer JA, Bemis H, Gallagher E, Lennes I, Sequist L, Heist R, Temel JS. Tumor epidermal growth factor receptor genotype and depression in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. Oncologist 2011; 16:1299-306. [PMID: 21807767 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression appears to be associated with worse survival from cancer, but underlying mechanisms for this association are unknown. In the present study, we explored the degree to which tumor genotype may be associated with depression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We examined differences in depression severity and rates of positive screens for major depressive disorder among newly diagnosed patients with stage IV NSCLC and known epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genotype. METHODS Newly diagnosed patients (n = 53) with metastatic NSCLC attending an initial thoracic oncology consultation completed self-report questionnaires regarding demographics, smoking behavior, and depression before meeting with their oncologist. Biopsy samples were subsequently genotyped, including screening for EGFR mutations. We conducted a retrospective chart review to obtain clinical data, including tumor stage, performance status, and EGFR genotype. RESULTS Twelve patients (22.6%) tested positive for EGFR mutation. No EGFR mutation-positive cases met the screening criteria for major depressive disorder, in comparison with 29.3% of patients with wild-type EGFR (p = .03). Mutations of EGFR were also associated with lower depression severity than with wild-type EGFR, independent of gender, performance status, and smoking history (p < .05). This finding persisted for both the cognitive-affective and somatic domains of depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS EGFR mutations were associated with lower depression severity and lower rates of probable major depressive disorder in patients with metastatic NSCLC, based on mood screening performed before results of genotyping were known. Findings support further work to explore the directionality of the associations and potential biological pathways to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Pirl
- M.P.H., Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Yawkey 9A, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114. USA.
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Hiramoto K, Yamate Y, Orita K, Jikumaru M, Kasahara E, Sato EF, Tamura S, Inoue M. Prevention of scattered light-induced asthenopia and fatigue by a polarized filter. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2010; 26:89-92. [PMID: 20415740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2010.00497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been well documented that a long-time irradiation of the eye by a strong light elicits eyestrain and fatigue. To elucidate the mechanism for the induction of light-induced fatigue and asthenopia, changes in the mouse were analyzed after white light-irradiation to the eye. METHODS C57BL/6j male mice were irradiated with white light in a specially designed room equipped with four mirrors covering all areas of its four walls to elicit diffused reflected light, and changes in their plasma levels of cortisol, INF-gamma, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were analyzed. RESULTS Irradiation of mice with scattered white light significantly decreased the motional activity of animals, suggesting the occurrence of fatigue. Biochemical analysis and enzyme-immunoassay revealed that the irradiation of mice significantly elevated the plasma levels of cortisol, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and TGF-beta. All these changes were not observed with mice irradiated with the light in a similar room not equipped with mirrors. These changes were successfully inhibited by a polarized glass filter but not by a non-polarized filter with a similar absorbance. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that irradiation of the eye by scattered reflected light stimulated a stress response via hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis to enhance the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal grand and increase the plasma levels of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hiramoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Abeno, Osaka, Japan.
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Innominato PF, Mormont MC, Rich TA, Waterhouse J, Lévi FA, Bjarnason GA. Circadian Disruption, Fatigue, and Anorexia Clustering in Advanced Cancer Patients: Implications for Innovative Therapeutic Approaches. Integr Cancer Ther 2009; 8:361-70. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735409355293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A disruption of the circadian timing system, as identified by monitoring of marker biorhythms, is common in cancer patients. The recording of the rest—activity rhythm with a wrist actigraph has been commonly used. This noninvasive monitoring allows a robust estimation of circadian disruption. The authors have previously found that altered patterns of circadian rest—activity rhythms are significantly and independently associated with the severity of fatigue and anorexia in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Elevated proinflammatory cytokines could partly account for this circadian disruption and its associated constitutional symptoms. Here, the authors present and discuss the data supporting the hypothesis that circadian disruption is often associated with fatigue and anorexia, which in turn further alter and dampen circadian synchronization, thus, creating a vicious cycle. This body of evidence paves the path for innovative therapeutic approaches targeting the circadian timing system in an effort to diminish constitutional symptoms induced by cancer and some anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale F. Innominato
- INSERM, U776 “Biological Rhythms and Cancers,” Villejuif, France, University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Tyvin A. Rich
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jim Waterhouse
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Francis A. Lévi
- INSERM, U776 “Biological Rhythms and Cancers,” Villejuif, France, University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
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