1
|
Dettori C, Ronca F, Di Buono G, Saba A, Di Lupo F, Polini B, Ricardi C, Frascarelli S, Cetani F, Marcocci C, Zucchi R, Chiellini G, Scalese M, Saponaro F. Performance in Behavioral Testing in an Animal Model of Post-Surgical Hypoparathyroidism. J Pers Med 2024; 14:215. [PMID: 38392648 PMCID: PMC10890136 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is characterized by hypocalcemia and undetectable/inappropriately low PTH. Post-surgical HypoPT (PS-HypoPT) is the most common cause. Patients with PS-HypoPT present neuropsychological symptoms, probably due to the PTH deprivation in the central nervous system (CNS). However, these mechanisms are still not elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PTH deprivation on CNS in an animal model of PS-HypoPT via a cognitive/behavioral assessment approach. METHODS A surgical rat model of PS-HypoPT was obtained and treated with calcium to maintain normocalcemia. Twenty PS-HypoPT rats and twenty sham-operated controls (Crl) underwent behavioral testing in a Morris Water Maze (MWM), Open Field (OF), and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). RESULTS In the MWM, PTx rats showed a higher Escape Latency Time compared to Crl rats (p < 0.05); we observed a statistically significant improvement in the performance (day 1 to 8 p < 0.001), which was less pronounced in PTx group. In the OF test, the time and distance spent in the zone of interest were significantly lower in the PTx group compared with the Crl (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). In the EPM experiment, the time spent in the close arm was significantly higher in the PTx group compared with the Crl (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This animal model of PS-HypoPT shows an impairment in spatial memory, which improved after training, and a marked anxiety-like behavior, resembling the condition of patients with PS-HypoPT. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Dettori
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ronca
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Buono
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Lupo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Ricardi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabina Frascarelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filomena Cetani
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Grazia Chiellini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Scalese
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Saponaro
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dettori C, Ronca F, Scalese M, Saponaro F. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)-Related Peptides Family: An Intriguing Role in the Central Nervous System. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050714. [PMID: 37240884 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) plays a crucial role in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis directly acting on bone and kidneys and indirectly on the intestine. However, a large family of PTH-related peptides exists that exerts other physiological effects on different tissues and organs, such as the Central Nervous System (CNS). In humans, PTH-related peptides are Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), PTH-like hormones (PTHrP and PTHLH), and tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 (TIP39 or PTH2). With different affinities, these ligands can bind parathyroid receptor type 1 (PTH1R) and type 2 (PTH2R), which are part of the type II G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs) family. The PTH/PTHrP/PTH1R system has been found to be expressed in many areas of the brain (hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, corpus callosum, subthalamic nucleus, thalamus, substantia nigra, cerebellum), and literature data suggest the system exercises a protective action against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, with positive effects on memory and hyperalgesia. TIP39 is a small peptide belonging to the PTH-related family with a high affinity for PTH2R in the CNS. The TIP39/PTH2R system has been proposed to mediate many regulatory and functional roles in the brain and to modulate auditory, nociceptive, and sexual maturation functions. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of PTH-related peptides distribution and functions in the CNS and to highlight the gaps that still need to be filled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Dettori
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ronca
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Scalese
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Saponaro
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Keller D, Tsuda MC, Usdin TB, Dobolyi A. Behavioural actions of tuberoinfundibular peptide 39 (parathyroid hormone 2). J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13130. [PMID: 35499975 PMCID: PMC9515240 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) acts via its endogenous class B G-protein coupled receptorthe parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R). Hence, it is also known as parathyroid hormone 2. The peptide is expressed in the brain by a small number of neurons with a highly restricted distribution, which in turn project to a large number of brain regions that contain PTH2R. This peptide neuromodulator system has been extensively investigated over the past 20 years including its behavioural actions, such as its role in the control of nociception, fear and fear incubation, anxiety and depression-like behaviours, and maternal and social behaviours. It also influences thermoregulation and potentially auditory responses. TIP39 probably exerts direct effect on the neuronal networks controlling these behaviours based on the localization of PTH2R and local TIP39 actions. In addition, TIP39 also affects the secretion of several hypothalamic hormones providing the basis for indirect behavioural actions. Recently developed experimental tools have stimulated further behavioural investigations, and novel results obtained are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Keller
- ELKH‐ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Mumeko C. Tsuda
- Preclinical Behavior and Modeling Core, Uniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Ted B. Usdin
- Systems Neuroscience Imaging Resource, National Institute of Mental Health, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Arpád Dobolyi
- ELKH‐ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun J, Yuan Y, Wu X, Liu A, Wang J, Yang S, Liu B, Kong Y, Wang L, Zhang K, Li Q, Zhang S, Yuan T, Xu TL, Huang J. Excitatory SST neurons in the medial paralemniscal nucleus control repetitive self-grooming and encode reward. Neuron 2022; 110:3356-3373.e8. [PMID: 36070748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) is conceptualized as a means of coping with stress. However, the neurological mechanism by which repetitive behaviors affect anxiety regulation is unclear. Here, we identify that the excitatory somatostatin-positive neurons in the medial paralemniscal nucleus (MPLSST neurons) in mice promote self-grooming and encode reward. MPLSST neurons display prominent grooming-related neuronal activity. Loss of function of MPLSST neurons impairs both self-grooming and post-stress anxiety alleviation. Activation of MPLSST neurons is rewarding and sufficient to drive reinforcement by activating dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and eliciting dopamine release. The neuropeptide SST facilitates the rewarding impact of MPLSST neurons. MPLSST neuron-mediated self-grooming is triggered by the input from the central amygdala (CeA). Our study reveals a dual role of CeA-MPLSST-VTADA circuit in self-grooming and post-stress anxiety regulation and conceptualizes MPLSST neurons as an interface linking the stress and reward systems in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yalei Kong
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lizhao Wang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tifei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tian-Le Xu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The neuropeptide Pth2 modulates social behavior and anxiety in zebrafish. iScience 2022; 25:103868. [PMID: 35243231 PMCID: PMC8861652 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavior is context-dependent and often modulated by an animal’s internal state. In particular, different social contexts can alter anxiety levels and modulate social behavior. The vertebrate-specific neuropeptide parathyroid hormone 2 (pth2) is regulated by the presence of conspecifics in zebrafish. As its cognate receptor, the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (pth2r), is widely expressed across the brain, we tested fish lacking the functional Pth2 peptide in several anxiety-related and social behavior paradigms. Here, we show that the propensity to react to sudden stimuli with an escape response was increased in pth2−/− zebrafish, consistent with an elevated anxiety level. While overall social preference for conspecifics was maintained in pth2−/− fish until the early juvenile stage, we found that both social preference and shoaling were altered later in development. The data presented suggest that the neuropeptide Pth2 modulates several conserved behaviors and may thus enable the animal to react appropriately in different social contexts. Lack of the neuropeptide pth2 increases startle responsiveness in zebrafish Social preference is decreased at the late juvenile stage in pth2 mutants Pth2 mutant fish form less cohesive shoals
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu Y, Yang J, Sun J, Lu W, Wang JH. mRNA and miRNA profiles in the nucleus accumbens are associated with psychological stress-induced susceptible and resilient mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 199:173062. [PMID: 33098854 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress may be one of the main causes of fear and anxiety. Previous studies have shown that the nucleus accumbens is involved in emotional responses. However, in the nucleus accumbens, the mRNA and miRNA profiles of stress susceptibility and resilience of psychological stress still need to be studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, by observing the conspecific being attacked, the witness group experienced psychological stress. After five days of psychological stress, the fear memory of mice was measured by social interaction test, and the degree of anxiety was measured by elevated plus maze. mRNA and miRNA profiles in the nucleus accumbens tissue of control, susceptible and resilient mice were established by high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS In susceptible mice versus resilient mice, the Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) may be related to psychological stress-induced susceptibility. DEGs enriched in Cell adhesion molecules, Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Gap junction, PI3K-Akt, VEGF, Jak-STAT, Ras, and Chemokine pathways were up-regulated. DEGs enriched in cGMP-PKG, B cell receptor, and NOD-like receptor pathways were down- regulated. The sequencing results of mRNAs and miRNAs were verified by qRT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSION The imbalance of different synapses and pathways in the nucleus accumbens may be related to susceptibility and resilience caused by psychological stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Lu
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Jiuyong Yang
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Jinyan Sun
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang J, Sun J, Lu Y, An T, Lu W, Wang JH. Revision to psychopharmacology mRNA and microRNA profiles are associated with stress susceptibility and resilience induced by psychological stress in the prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3067-3093. [PMID: 32591938 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prefrontal cortex is associated with many mental neurological diseases. The mRNA and microRNA profiles of stress susceptibility and resilience induced by psychological stress in the prefrontal cortex remain to be elucidated. METHODS The C57 observer was placed in the cage next to the CD1 mouse and suffered psychological stress by watching the CD1 attacking another C57 mouse. After 5 days of psychological stress, the degree of fear memory and anxiety of mice were measured by social interaction test and elevated plus maze (EPM). The prefrontal cortex was extracted and mRNA and microRNA profiles were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS In susceptible mice versus resilient mice, the downregulation of genes involved in serotonergic synapse may be related to the susceptibility to psychological stress. The imbalanced regulation of genes involved in VEGF, p53, chemokine, Ras, sphingolipid, GnRH, MAPK, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways may be related to the susceptibility to psychological stress. Compared with control mice, susceptible mice and resilient mice have changed genes involved in serotonergic synapse, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, axon guidance, calcium, cAMP, GnRH, estrogen, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Rap1, and Ras signaling pathways, these changes may be related to psychological stress processing. The sequencing results of mRNAs and microRNAs were verified by qRT-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of genes involved in serotonergic synapse and imbalance of signaling pathways in the prefrontal cortex may be related to susceptibility to psychological stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Jinyan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting An
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China.
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Du K, Lu W, Sun Y, Feng J, Wang JH. mRNA and miRNA profiles in the nucleus accumbens are related to fear memory and anxiety induced by physical or psychological stress. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 118:44-65. [PMID: 31493709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is presumably driven by fear memory. The nucleus accumbens involves emotional regulation. Molecular profiles in the nucleus accumbens related to stress-induced fear memory remain elucidated. Fear memory in mice was induced by a paradigm of social defeat. Physical and psychological stress was delivered to an intruder that was attacked by an aggressive resident. Meanwhile, an observer experienced psychological stress by seeing aggressor attacks. The nucleus accumbens tissues from intruder and observer mice that appear fear memory and anxiety as well as control mice were harvested for analyses of mRNA and miRNA profiles by high throughput sequencing. In the nucleus accumbens of intruders and observers with fear memory and anxiety, genes encoding AdrRα, AChRM2/3, GluRM2/8, HrR1, SSR, BDNF and AC are upregulated, while genes encoding DR3/5, PR2, GPγ8 and P450 are downregulated. Physical and/or psychological stress leads to fear memory and anxiety likely by molecules relevant to certain synapses. Moreover, there are differential expressions in genes that encode GABARA, 5-HTR1/5, CREB3, AChRM2, RyR, Wnt and GPγ13 in the nucleus accumbens from intruders versus observers. GABAergic, serotonergic and cholinergic synapses as well as calcium, Wnt and CREB signaling molecules may be involved in fear memory differently induced by psychological stress and physical/psychological stress. The data from analyzing mRNA and miRNA profiles are consistent. Some molecules are validated by qRT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter assay. Fear memory and anxiety induced by the mixture of physical and psychological stress or psychological stress appear influenced by complicated molecular mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Du
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun Y, Lu W, Du K, Wang JH. microRNA and mRNA profiles in the amygdala are relevant to fear memory induced by physical or psychological stress. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:1002-1022. [PMID: 31268807 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00215.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is presumably driven by fear memory. Molecular profiles in the amygdala of mice with fear memory induced by psychological and physical stresses remain to be elucidated. Fear memory in mice was induced by a paradigm of social defeat. Physical and psychological stresses (PPS) to an intruder were given by attacks from an aggressive resident. Psychological stress (PS) to an observer was given by the witnessing of aggressor attacks. Amygdala tissues from these mice showing fear memory and anxiety vs. tissues from control mice were harvested to analyze mRNA and microRNA profiles by high-throughput sequencing. In the amygdala of intruders and observers with fear memory, the genes encoding 5-HTR1b, 5-HTR2a, DAR2, AChRM3, and IP3R1 are upregulated, whereas genes encoding GPγ11, GPγ13, GPγT2, RasC3, and P450 are downregulated, indicating that these molecules are involved in fear memory induced by physical/psychological stresses. In the comparison of intruders with observers, the upregulation of genes encoding 5-HTR6, GPγ8, P2R7, NFκ2, CREB3/1, and Itgα9 as well as the downregulation of genes encoding DAR5, 5-HTR1a, and HSP1a are involved in fear memory induced by physical stress. The upregulation of genes encoding DAR1, 5-HTR5a and SSR2/3 as well as the downregulation of AdRα1, CREB3/1, GPγ13 and GPγ8 are involved in fear memory induced by psychological stress. Results obtained by sequencing mRNA and microRNA profiles are consistent with results of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays performed for validation. In conclusion, fear memories and anxiety induced by PPS vs. PS are caused by the imbalanced regulation of different synapses and signaling pathways in the amygdala.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current study identifies the molecular mechanism underlying fear memory and anxiety induced by psychological stress vs. physical stress, in which the imbalanced expression of microRNA-regulated mRNAs relevant to dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic synapses in the amygdala plays an important role. This result reveals different molecular profiles for psychological and physical stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Shandong, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Shandong, China
| | - Kaixin Du
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Shandong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gellén B, Zelena D, Usdin TB, Dobolyi Á. The parathyroid hormone 2 receptor participates in physiological and behavioral alterations of mother mice. Physiol Behav 2017; 181:51-58. [PMID: 28890271 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gellén
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ted B Usdin
- Section on Fundamental Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Laboratory of Neuromorphology and Human Brain Tissue Bank, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Incubation of Fear Is Regulated by TIP39 Peptide Signaling in the Medial Nucleus of the Amygdala. J Neurosci 2015; 35:12152-61. [PMID: 26338326 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1736-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fear-related psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder are characterized by impaired extinction of fearful memories. Recent behavioral evidence suggests that the neuropeptide tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39), via its receptor, the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R), modulates fear memory. Here we examined the anatomical and cellular localization of TIP39 signaling that contributes to the increase in fear memory over time following a traumatic event, called fear memory incubation. Contextual freezing, a behavioral sign of fear memory, was significantly greater in PTH2R knock-out than wild-type male mice 2 and 4 weeks after a 2 s 1.5 mA footshock. PTH2R knock-out mice had significantly reduced c-Fos activation in the medial amygdala (MeA) following both footshock and fear recall, but had normal activation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and the amygdalar central nucleus compared with wild-type. We therefore investigated the contribution of MeA TIP39 signaling to fear incubation. Similar to the effect of global TIP39 signaling loss, blockade of TIP39 signaling in the MeA by lentivirus-mediated expression of a secreted PTH2R antagonist augmented fear incubation. Ablation of MeA PTH2R-expressing neurons also strengthened the fear incubation effect. Using the designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug pharmacogenetic approach, transient inhibition of MeA PTH2R-expressing neurons before or immediately after the footshock, but not at the time of fear recall, enhanced fear incubation. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that TIP39 signaling within the MeA at the time of an aversive event regulates the increase over time in fear associated with the event context. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Fear-related psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are characterized by excessive responses to trauma-associated cues. Fear responses can increase over time without additional cue exposure or stress. This work shows that modulatory processes within the medial nucleus of the amygdala near the time of a traumatic event influence the strength of fear responses that occur much later. The modulatory processes include signaling by the neuropeptide TIP39 and neurons that express its receptor. These findings will help in the understanding of why traumatic events sometimes have severe psychological consequences. One implication is that targeting neuromodulation in the medial amygdala could potentially help prevent development of PTSD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Anxiety- and depression-like behavior and impaired neurogenesis evoked by peripheral neuropathy persist following resolution of prolonged tactile hypersensitivity. J Neurosci 2015; 34:12304-12. [PMID: 25209272 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0312-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and depression are frequently associated with and often persist after resolution of an initial injury. Identifying the extent to which depression remains causally associated with ongoing physical discomfort during chronic pain, or becomes independent of it, is an important problem for basic neuroscience and psychiatry. Difficulty in distinguishing between effects of ongoing aversive sensory input and its long-term consequences is a significant roadblock, especially in animal models. To address this relationship between localized physical discomfort and its more global consequences, we investigated cellular and behavioral changes during and after reversing a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Tactile allodynia produced by placing a plastic cuff around the sciatic nerve resolved within several days when the cuff was removed. In contrast, the changes in elevated O-maze, forced-swim, Y-maze spontaneous alternation and novel-object recognition test performance that developed after nerve cuff placement remained for at least 3 weeks after the nerve cuffs were removed, or 10-15 d following complete normalization of mechanical sensitivity. Hippocampal neurogenesis, measured by doublecortin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, was also suppressed after nerve cuff placement and remained suppressed 3 weeks after cuff removal. FosB expression was elevated in the central nucleus of the amygdala and spinal cord dorsal horn only in mice with ongoing allodynia. In contrast, FosB remained elevated in the basolateral amygdala of mice with resolved nociception and persisting behavioral effects. These observations suggest that different processes control tactile hypersensitivity and the behavioral changes and impaired neurogenesis that are associated with neuropathic allodynia.
Collapse
|
13
|
Luo J, Nguyen A, Villeda S, Zhang H, Ding Z, Lindsey D, Bieri G, Castellano JM, Beaupre GS, Wyss-Coray T. Long-term cognitive impairments and pathological alterations in a mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Front Neurol 2014; 5:12. [PMID: 24550885 PMCID: PMC3912443 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI, also referred to as concussion) accounts for the majority of all traumatic brain injuries. The consequences of repetitive mTBI have become of particular concern for individuals engaged in certain sports or in military operations. Many mTBI patients suffer long-lasting neurobehavioral impairments. In order to expedite pre-clinical research and therapy development, there is a need for animal models that reflect the long-term cognitive and pathological features seen in patients. In the present study, we developed and characterized a mouse model of repetitive mTBI, induced onto the closed head over the left frontal hemisphere with an electromagnetic stereotaxic impact device. Using GFAP-luciferase bioluminescence reporter mice that provide a readout of astrocyte activation, we observed an increase in bioluminescence relative to the force delivered by the impactor after single impact and cumulative effects of repetitive mTBI. Using the injury parameters established in the reporter mice, we induced a repetitive mTBI in wild-type C57BL/6J mice and characterized the long-term outcome. Animals received repetitive mTBI showed a significant impairment in spatial learning and memory when tested at 2 and 6 months after injury. A robust astrogliosis and increased p-Tau immunoreactivity were observed upon post-mortem pathological examinations. These findings are consistent with the deficits and pathology associated with mTBI in humans and support the use of this model to evaluate potential therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA ; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Andy Nguyen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA ; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Saul Villeda
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA ; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA ; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Zhaoqing Ding
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA ; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Derek Lindsey
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Gregor Bieri
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA ; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Joseph M Castellano
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA ; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Gary S Beaupre
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA ; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dobolyi A, Dimitrov E, Palkovits M, Usdin TB. The neuroendocrine functions of the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:121. [PMID: 23060860 PMCID: PMC3465808 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein coupled parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R) is concentrated in endocrine and limbic regions in the forebrain. Its endogenous ligand, tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39), is synthesized in only two brain regions, within the posterior thalamus and the lateral pons. TIP39-expressing neurons have a widespread projection pattern, which matches the PTH2R distribution in the brain. Neuroendocrine centers including the preoptic area, the periventricular, paraventricular, and arcuate nuclei contain the highest density of PTH2R-positive networks. The administration of TIP39 and an antagonist of the PTH2R as well as the investigation of mice that lack functional TIP39 and PTH2R revealed the involvement of the PTH2R in a variety of neural and neuroendocrine functions. TIP39 acting via the PTH2R modulates several aspects of the stress response. It evokes corticosterone release by activating corticotropin-releasing hormone-containing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Block of TIP39 signaling elevates the anxiety state of animals and their fear response, and increases stress-induced analgesia. TIP39 has also been suggested to affect the release of additional pituitary hormones including arginine-vasopressin and growth hormone. A role of the TIP39-PTH2R system in thermoregulation was also identified. TIP39 may play a role in maintaining body temperature in a cold environment via descending excitatory pathways from the preoptic area. Anatomical and functional studies also implicated the TIP39-PTH2R system in nociceptive information processing. Finally, TIP39 induced in postpartum dams may play a role in the release of prolactin during lactation. Potential mechanisms leading to the activation of TIP39 neurons and how they influence the neuroendocrine system are also described. The unique TIP39-PTH2R neuromodulator system provides the possibility for developing drugs with a novel mechanism of action to control neuroendocrine disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpád Dobolyi
- Neuromorphological and Neuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Arpád Dobolyi, Neuromorphological and Neuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 58, Budapest H-1094, Hungary. e-mail:
| | - Eugene Dimitrov
- Section on Fundamental Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Neuromorphological and Neuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - Ted B. Usdin
- Section on Fundamental Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|